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Globe International Limited

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Employees 5001-10,000
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FY2005 Annual Report · Globe International Limited
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A world of dairy
foods and nutritional
ingredients

Annual Report 2005

C O N T E N T S

Page

2 

4 

5 

6 

8 

Glanbia Market Positions and Global Locations

Divisions and core activities

Financial highlights

Chairman’s Review

Group Managing Director’s Review

12 

Operations Review

Agribusiness and Property

16

22 

28 

30

34 

36 

Consumer Foods

Food Ingredients

Nutritionals

International Joint Ventures

Corporate Social Responsibility

Finance Review 

38 

Directors and Advisors

41 

Report of the Directors

49 

Financial Statements

 
Glanbia market positions

US A

NO.1 US   Barrel  Cheese  Supplier  

A

NO.1   Whey Protein Isolate Supplier

NO.3  American Cheddar Cheese Supplier 

IDAHO

CHICAGO

Glanbia’s strategy is to build international relevance in cheese,

NEW MEXICO

MEXICO

G l o b a l

Leading supplier of advanced 
technology whey proteins and fractions

and global locations

I r e l a n d

NO.1  Dairy Processor 

NO.1  Liquid Milk and Cream Brands

NO.1  Cheese Processor 

NO.1  Pigmeat Processor 

IR ELAND

UK

GERMANY

dairy-based nutritional ingredients and selected consumer foods.

E u r o p e

NO.1  Pizza Cheese Supplier

C H I N A

NO.1  Supplier of Key Customised
          Nutrient Premixes

NIGERIA

4

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 4   

Glanbia plc, the international dairy foods and nutritional ingredients Group 

Glanbia plc has operations in Ireland, Europe and the USA, with International joint ventures in the UK, 

USA and Nigeria. The Group is organised into three operating divisions of Agribusiness & Property,

Consumer Foods and Food Ingredients, which includes the evolving Nutritionals business.

Agribusiness
& Property

Consumer Foods

Food Ingredients

12.52% of Group Turnover
13.26% of Group Operating Profit

26.97% of Group Turnover
33.68% of Group Operating Profit

60.51% of Group Turnover
53.06% of Group Operating Profit

12.52%

13.26%

26.97%

33.68%

60.51%

53.06%

Agribusiness is the primary 
interface whereby Glanbia trades 
with its 5,700 Irish farmer suppliers. 
The business is engaged primarily 
in feed milling and the marketing 
of a range of farm inputs, including 
fertilisers, feed and grain. The 
Property business has responsibility 
for the maximisation of the Group's 
property portfolio. 

Glanbia Consumer Foods 
incorporates liquid milk, chilled 
foods and pigmeat. Glanbia is the 
leading supplier of branded and 
value-added liquid milk, mineral 
water, fresh dairy, cheeses, soups 
and spreads in the Irish retail 
market.  Glanbia Meats is the 
leading Irish fresh pork and 
bacon processor selling to Irish 
and International markets. 

This division has  operations 
of scale in Ireland and the USA 
and is engaged in the production 
of cheese, butter, casein, dairy 
spreads and whey protein 
ingredients. The division also 
includes the Group’s evolving 
Nutritionals business which has 
a growing customer base in 
Europe, the USA and China.

Financial highlights

5

G R O U P   M A N A G I N G   D I R E C T O R ' S   R E V I E W

%

2

2

* The figures for the years 2001 to 2003 are as previously stated under Irish GAAP 

except for profit before exceptional items and tax which is stated after deduction 

of non-equity minority interest in each year. Profit before exceptional items and 

tax for 2004 is as restated in accordance with IFRS and adjusted for non-equity 

minority interest. Net debt in each year includes non-equity minority interest.

6

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

1  Chairman’s Review 

Michael  Walsh, Chairman

Joint ventures in New Mexico and Nigeria, 
which are central to the strategic development 
of the Group, are progressing well, reaching 
key milestones in plant commissioning and 
customer performance

7

C H A I R M A N ’ S   R E V I E W

Glanbia delivered a satisfactory performance overall in 
2005. A difficult environment in Ireland impacted the 
Group’s overall profitability and margins, as Irish operations 
continue to be affected by a combination of ongoing EU 
reform, inflationary pressures and a competitive market 
environment. International operations performed well. 
USA Food Ingredients delivered a solid result, together 
with strong organic growth in the evolving Nutritionals 
business. Joint ventures in New Mexico and Nigeria, 
which are central to the strategic development of the 
Group, are progressing well, reaching key milestones in 
plant commissioning and customer performance. 

Glanbia delivered a satisfactory perfor-

mance in 2005. A difficult environment in 

Ireland impacted overall profitability and 

margins, however international operations  

performed well

Results  A detailed commentary on the results for the 
year is included in the Finance Review (pages 36 and 37). 
The highlights of the results are as follows: 

•  Revenue increased by 4% to 21,830.0 million 
•  Operating profit pre-exceptional was down 7% to 

280.6 million 

•  Profit before tax pre-exceptional, on a comparable basis, 

was similar to 2004 at 268.7 million 

•  Profit after tax on a comparable basis increased 

marginally to 261.1 million 

•  Operating margin pre-exceptional was 4.4% (2004: 4.9%) 
•  Share of profits of joint ventures and associates, post 

interest and tax, recovered from a loss of 21.5 million to

  a profit of 2932,000
•  Net exceptional gains for the year amounted to 2521,000
•  Adjusted earnings per share was up 1% to 20.86 cent 
•  Net debt at the year end on a comparable basis 
  was down 17% to 2215.7 million
•  Capital and development expenditure was 271.6 million

Dividends  The Board is recommending a 5% increase in 
the final dividend to 3.24 cent per share, compared with a 
3.09 cent per share final dividend in 2004. This brings the 
total dividend for the year to 5.51 cent per share (2004: 
5.25 cent per share). Dividends will be paid on Monday 
22 May, 2006 to shareholders on the register as at Friday 
21 April, 2006. Irish dividend withholding tax will be 
deducted at the standard rate where appropriate. 

Glanbia’s strategic goal is to build a strong 

and sustainable business. This requires a 

careful balance of economic, environmental 

and social policies 

Our Nigerian milk powder brand Nunu being traded in Lagos

Corporate Social Responsibility  Glanbia’s strategic goal 
is to build a strong and sustainable business. This requires 
a careful balance of economic, environmental and social 
policies, which is at the heart of the Group’s Corporate and 
Social Responsibility programme. On pages 34 and 35 you 
will find more details of Glanbia’s activities in this area.

Board and Management Changes  In June 2005, I had 
the honour of being elected Chairman of the Board, 
replacing Tom Corcoran who chaired the Group through 
a challenging period of reorganisation since 2000. Victor 
Quinlan was elected Vice-Chairman, succeeding myself, 
and the Board also appointed three new non-executive 
Directors, Paul Haran, the former Secretary General of the 
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment and 
Matthew Merrick and Michael Keane both dairy farmers 
and Directors of Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited.  
The former Deputy Group Managing Director, Billy Murphy 
retired during 2005 and was elected to the Board as 
a non-executive Director. During the year Thomas 
Heffernan retired as a Director having served five years. 
On behalf of the Board I would like to welcome all the 
new members and to thank both Tom Corcoran and 
Thomas Heffernan for their commitment and contribution 
to the Board and to wish them well in their retirement. 

In June 2005, Glanbia lost a great friend and colleague 
with the premature passing of Pat Brophy, Chief Executive 
of our Consumer Foods Ireland business. On behalf of the 
Board and management of Glanbia I extend my sincere 
sympathy to Pat’s wife Muriel and his family. 

People are the bedrock of Glanbia and with our skilled 
and focused management team, led by Group Managing 
Director, John Moloney, I look forward to further progress 
from the Group in 2006. I would like to thank my coll-
eagues on the Board, the Group Managing Director, 
management and staff for their continued commitment 
to Glanbia. 

Michael Walsh 
Chairman 

8

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

2

 Group Managing Director’s Review 

John  Moloney, Group Managing Director

The 2005 results reflect a year of solid 
business execution and further progress
internationally, which will be the platform 
for growth and development in the future   

9

G R O U P   M A N A G I N G   D I R E C T O R ' S   R E V I E W

Trading Environment  The global dairy trading 
environment was relatively strong in 2005, with firm 
market prices for casein, cheese and whey, in the first half. 
Growing markets in Asia and in oil producing nations 
coupled with reductions in output from Australia 
underpinned market demand. 

The Irish Ingredients business was impacted by the 
implementation of Mid Term Review (MTR) of the EU
Common Agriculture Policy (CAP). Product prices were 
reduced in the second year of MTR and the market prices 
for casein, which had somewhat offset the affects of MTR,
weakened in the second half. This movement towards 
lower product prices, together with energy cost inflation, 
represented a significant challenge to the Irish Ingredients 
business. Poor global grain markets and changing farm 
purchasing patterns impacted on our Agribusiness during 
2005. The Irish liquid milk and chilled foods marketplace 
also continued to be competitive with challenging retail 
markets and continued growth in liquid milk imports and 
the own brand category. 

To counteract these challenges in the Irish market,
the Group undertook a series of rationalisation initiatives
in Consumer Foods, Food Ingredients and Agribusiness 
during 2005 to improve efficiencies and competitiveness.

Market conditions for the international business were 
positive overall in 2005. In the USA dietary trends, in 
particular, the switch to increased protein consumption, 
underpinned market demand. The growth in American-
style cheese, in the natural category, continued to grow 
primarily driven by food service and retail demand for 
sliced and shredded cheese applications. Milk production 
grew 12% in the State of Idaho, where the Group has 
major production facilities. American-style cheese 
production continues its western migration following 
the milk supply growth trend that has developed over 
the past 15 years. In addition the global nutritional 
market exhibited strong growth. 

Investments

In 2005 the Group spent C72.6 million on its 

ongoing capital and development programme 

focused on strategic development initiatives 

and organic expansion. The Group’s 50:50 

investment in the Southwest Cheese joint 

venture in the USA is progressing to plan 

as is Nutricima, in Nigeria

During the year we continued a capital expenditure 
programme in the Irish Food Ingredients business with 
the installation of advanced butter fractionation technology 
and a new butter oil facility at Ballyragget, Ireland. This is 

The Southwest Cheese plant in New Mexico

part of a new joint venture with Corman SA, part of the 
Bongrain Group, which is the largest butterfat processor 
in the world.

In February 2005 the Group concluded an agreement 
with Dairygold Co-operative Society Limited to take on 
the CMP regional liquid milk, cream and juice brand for 
a consideration of 210.8m. During the year CMP was 
integrated into our Consumer Foods business and is 
performing in line with expectations.

Strategic Vision  Overall the strategic development of 
the Group is progressing well. Our strategy is to build 
international relevance in cheese, nutritional ingredients 
and selected consumer foods, balancing our strong market 
positions in Ireland with an increasing presence in overseas 
markets. The joint ventures in Nigeria and the USA are 
central to this strategic development, as is the continuing 
development of our Nutritionals business. This is being 
achieved through a focus on international scale, food 
technologies and growth markets.

Relevance is key to the success of our strategy. Glanbia’s 
strength is in ensuring that we are relevant to customers
within the sectors in which we operate. 

International Cheese  Glanbia’s competitive advantage 
lies in the scale and efficiency of our milk processing 
businesses, the depth of our partnerships with blue chip 
customers as well as our strategic locations providing 
strong market access. Our international cheese strategy 
is to expand this business-to-business model through 
ongoing innovation, strategic joint ventures, acquisition 
and a relentless focus on operational efficiency. 

International Nutrition  Glanbia is evolving its global 
nutritional business in the USA, Europe and in 2005 
established an Asia headquarters in Shanghai as well as 
a new network of sales offices in Latin America. A strong 
innovation agenda reflecting the ongoing consumer 
interest in health and wellness is the key driver for this 
business, which is being supported by increased R&D and 
innovation spend, with particular emphasis on licensing, 

10

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Group Managing Director’s Review

production. Overall this development is progressing well 
and initial customer feedback has been very positive.

Innovation Agenda Innovation is central to Glanbia’s 
nutritional strategy. Our ability to innovate and design 
customer relevant health-based functional food ingredients 
and consumer foods with a nutritional emphasis is critical in 
today’s market place. Our nutritional development is being 
supported by two innovation centres – in Ireland and the 
USA – with a complement of 65 professionals and 
scientists.

The new Group Innovation Centre in Kilkenny was 
officially opened by the Minister for Enterprise, Trade 
and Employment, Mr Michéal Martin TD, in June 2005.
The focus of this Innovation Centre is on the European 
consumer foods and nutritional markets and complements 
our existing USA innovation centre in Idaho, which has 
special expertise in whey protein extraction technologies. 
In its first year of operation the Group Innovation Centre 
was responsible for the successful commercialisation of
a number of new products including an advanced weight 
management protein beverage mix ‘Prolibra’, a cereal 
based, cholesterol reducing product ‘Oatvantage’ and a
new health and wellbeing product range, ‘Yoplait Essence’.
During 2005 we also established the Scientific Advisory 
Committee, Chaired by Professor Gerald Fitzgerald of 
UCC to provide regular collaboration between Glanbia 
and the international research community.

Since year end Glanbia launched ‘Yoplait 

Essence’, a new development in the area of 

food nutrition technology, which is a significant 

initiative of the Glanbia Group Innovation 

Centre based in Ireland

Glanbia People In June 2005 Michael Walsh was app-
ointed Chairman of the Board and on behalf of manage-
ment and staff, I would like to convey our apprec iation
to Michael for his astute stewardship to date and to wish 
him continued success in this position. The Group also 
announced a number of senior management changes 
during the year. Geoffrey J Meagher, Group Finance 
Director succeeded William G Murphy, who retired in 

Investment programme

Glanbia is committed to 

an on-going investment 

pro gramme to underpin 

its development strategy

on technology and on intellectual property management.
Our acquisitions focus is on adding complimentary tech-
nologies, products and expertise to grow our overall 
capability to meet customer and consumer needs.

International Joint Ventures  Glanbia’s international 
Joint Ventures producing cheese, whey and milk products 
are central to our strategic vision. Glanbia Cheese, in 
the UK, Southwest Cheese, in the USA and Nutricima in 
Nigeria all provide the Group with scale, market access 
and growth opportunities. 

UK: Glanbia Cheese, the joint venture with Leprino Foods, 
produces mozzarella cheese for the European market. It
reported an improved performance in 2005 arising from 
increased demand and the benefits of investment. 

Nigeria: Nutricima is a US$25 million joint venture with 
PZ Cussons plc. During 2005 the packing facility for 
fat filled milk powder, which is sourced in Ireland and 
sold on the Nigerian market in consumer formats, and 
the manufacturing plant for condensed milk were also 
completed. Overall progress to date in Nigeria has 
exceeded expectations. 

USA: Commissioning of the Southwest Cheese facility 
began in October 2005 and is the first phase in an 
18 month scale up process towards full production.
Southwest Cheese is a US$190 million cheese and whey 
products facility in New Mexico. This joint venture, with 
principal partners, Dairy Farmers of America and Select 
Milk Producers Inc., will make Glanbia the number one 
producer of American cheese, when it reaches full 

11

G R O U P   M A N A G I N G   D I R E C T O R ' S   R E V I E W

Outlook While there are ongoing challenges in Irish 
operations and unpredictability in energy prices, we 
expect key cost and product development initiatives in 
these businesses, together with ongoing international 
development to underpin the 2006 results.

The growing internationalisation and scale of the business, 
which is now well on track, is critical to future growth and 
development. Growing momentum within the business 
maintains Glanbia’s steady progress towards double digit 
growth in 2007.

John Moloney
Group Managing Director

June, as Deputy Group Managing Director. Siobhán Talbot, 
Group Secretary was appointed Deputy Group Finance 
Director and Michael Horan, Group Financial Controller, 
took on the position of Group Secretary. Jim Bergin was 
appointed Chief Executive of Food Ingredients Ireland. 
Ger Mullally, was appointed Chief Executive of our prop-
erty business, Glanbia Estates and Colm Eustace was 
appointed Chief Executive of Glanbia Agribusiness.

As the Chairman reported, during the year we suffered the 
tragic loss, following a brief illness, of one of the heroes of 
the organisation, Pat Brophy. Pat who was Chief Executive 
of our Irish Consumer Foods business is sadly missed by 
his friends and colleagues. 

The skill and commitment of our people is Glanbia’s 
great est asset and will underpin the Group's success into 
the future. I would like to thank all our stakeholders – 
shareholders, customers, consumers, our employees and 
the Board for the strong partnership that is essential in 
driving the business forward. 

Since year end Glanbia announced the 

appointment of Colin Gordon as Chief 

Executive of the Irish Consumer Foods 

business. Colin joined Glanbia from C&C 

Group plc, the drinks and snack food 

company, where he was Managing 

Director of C& C (Ireland) Ltd

Y
T
R
E
P
O
R
P
&
S
S
E
N
S
U
B
R
G
A

I

I

Glanbia is well positioned through our business to business and retail 
strategies and ongoing cost efficiency programmes

 
 
Our inputs 

Feed milling, grain drying, 
fertilisers, malting and
port services 

14

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

3

Operations Review

Glanbia plc has operations in Ireland, Europe and the USA, with international joint 

ventures in the UK, USA and Nigeria. The Group is organised into three operating 

divisions of Agribusiness and Property, Consumer Foods and Food Ingredients, 

which includes the evolving Nutritionals business.

Agribusiness & Property

Revenue – up 1%
(2000)

229,142 

2005

2004

229,142

227,368

Operating profit – down 10%
( pre-exceptional) (2000)

Operating margin – down 50 bps
( pre-exceptional)

10,684

2005

2004

10,684

11,911

4.7%

2005

2004

4.7% 

5.2%

The Agribusiness and Property division has 

two business units, Agribusiness, the key 

linkage with the Group’s 5,700 Irish farmer 

supply base and Glanbia Property which has 

responsibility for the maximisation of value 

from the Group’s property portfolio 

A GR I B U S IN ESS 
Results  2005 was a difficult year arising from poor 
global grain markets and the changing patterns of farm 
purchasing. These conditions led to a decline in perform-
ance and operating margin. Revenue was up 1% to 
2229.1 million (2004: 2227.4 million). Operating profit 
was down 10% to 210.7 million (2004: 211.9 million) and 
the operating margin was down 50 basis points to 4.7% 
(2004: 5.2%). Rationalisation costs of 21.2 million were 
incurred during the year as part of a wider Group 
programme to improve competitive ness in the Irish 
businesses. 

Agribusiness is the primary interface whereby Glanbia 
trades with its farmer suppliers. The business is engaged 
primarily in feed milling, grain processing 

and marketing, and the retailing of a range of farm 
inputs, including fertilisers, feed and grain, as well as 
a broader ‘CountryLife’ product offering. Agribusiness 
also has interests through subsidiaries and associates 
in fertiliser production, veterinary wholesaling, malting 
and port services. These include Grassland Fertilisers 
Kilkenny, South East Port Services, Co-operative Animal 
Health and The Malting Company of Ireland. The bus-
iness has 39 grain intake locations, 14 of which are 
engaged in drying grain for customers and in addition 
it has two feed mills.The business employs 400 people 
and operates in 16 counties in Ireland. 

In recent years Agribusiness has reorganised its 
traditional retail branch structure and now operates 
from 61 locations. Following the closure of 12 branches 
in 2004, Agribusiness closed a further nine branches 
in 2005 as part of ongoing cost reduction and 
efficiency initiatives. 

Environment  In 2005 Irish grain market prices were 
depressed due to the recovery in EU harvest yields.
The environment for farming is for ongoing change 
during Mid Term Review (MTR) which impacts Agri-
business. 2005 was the second year of the decoupling 
of EU area aid payments from farm production which 
resulted in decreased input usage. 

                
15

A G R I B U S I N E S S   &   P R O P E R T Y

Brands  With a strong portfolio of leading brands, 
Glanbia Agribusiness is market leader in animal feeds, 
fertilisers, seed grain, chemicals and veterinary product 
sales. Among the brands in the range are : Gain Feeds, 
IFI, Mastercrop and Mastervet. The new ‘CountryLife’ 
retail brand is a further addition to this portfolio.

Outlook  In Ireland, the environment for farming is for 
ongoing change during MTR which impacts Agribusiness. 
The challenge continues to be to effectively manage the 
business during this period of change.

Through our business to business and retail strategies 
and ongoing cost efficiency programmes, Glanbia 
Agribusiness is well positioned. 

GLA NBIA   PRO PERT Y 
Recognising the potential value of the Group’s property 
portfolio, in 2005 Glanbia established a dedicated 
business unit to maximise this value. This business
has assumed responsibility for the operations of 
Glanbia Estates.   

Glanbia Agribusiness also commenced a

C6m investment in a new retailing initiative 

under the ‘CountryLife’ brand which was 

introduced to three branches in 2005. The 

retailing strategy is to capture the convenience 

needs of a growing rural population for pet 

Colm Eustace

CEO Glanbia 
Agribusiness

food, gardening, hardware and outdoor 

clothing through the CountryLife concept

Investment  During the year the business commenced 
a 27 million programme of investment in new technology 
and business systems in support of its retail strategy. 
Glanbia Agribusiness also commenced a 26 million 
investment in a new retailing initiative under the 
‘CountryLife’ brand in 2005. The retailing strategy is 
to capture the convenience needs of a growing rural 
population for pet food, gardening, hardware and out-
door clothing through the CountryLife concept. In 
deciding to focus on certain locations, difficult decisions 
had to be made in respect of some branches. The 
branches are part of the heritage of the Group and have 
made a strong contribution locally, hence the decision 
to close branches was taken with regret. Glanbia  is com-
mitted to ensuring that the needs of customers are well 
served despite local branch closures. Agribusiness also 
completed a new 12,500 tonne grain store at Clonroche 
Feed Mill in Co. Wexford during 2005. 

The needs of full time farmers are such that 

Agribusiness is focused on moving key inputs 

from factory to farm at minimum cost and 

to selling these inputs at competitive, up 

front prices

Strategy  The overall growth strategy for the business 
is to grow market share in feed and fertiliser organically 
and by acquisition. Central to this strategy is the consoli-
dation of Glanbia’s retail offering to focus on the chang-
ing needs of customers. The needs of full time farmers 
are such that Agribusiness is focused on moving key 
inputs from factory to farm at minimum cost and to 
selling these inputs at competitive, up front prices. To 
be relevant to the part-time farmer and also non farmers 
living in rural Ireland, we are building on our existing, 
strategic branch locations with a wider range of retail 
products under the new ‘CountryLife’ concept. Con-
current with these developments is the continuation of 
cost efficiency programmes which are essential to the 
underlying competitiveness of the business. 

Ger Mullally

CEO Glanbia 
Property

S
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R
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The benefits of rationalisation, product innovation, marketing and
investment underpin the outlook going forward

 
Our brands 

Our Portfolio 
Avonmore, Yoplait, Nash’s, 
CMP, Snowcream, Premier, 
Kilmeaden

18

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5

4 Consumer Foods

Consumer Foods Ireland is the leading supplier 
of branded and value added liquid milk, fresh dairy 
products, natural cheese and fresh soups in the 
Irish retail market.

Revenue – up 9%
(2000)

493,582

2005

2004

493,582

451,124

Operating profit – down 3%
( pre-exceptional)  (2000)

Operating margin – down 70 bps
( pre-exceptional)

27,139

2005

2004

27,139

27,906

5.5%

2005

2004

5.5%

6.2%

Irish grocery trade and has number one brand positions 
in milk, cream, fruit yogurt, kids fromage frais, drinking 
yogurt, fresh soup and natural cheddar cheese. Its 
brand portfolio includes: Avonmore; Premier; Yoplait; 
Kilmeaden, Snowcream and Petits Filous. 

Consumer Foods Ireland employs over 800 people at 11 
locations throughout Ireland and processes 260 million 
litres of milk annually. For every ten litres of milk bought 
by Irish consumers, five of them have been produced 
and supplied by Glanbia Consumer Foods.

The Consumer Foods Division incorporates liquid milk, 
chilled foods and pig meat. 

Results  A good improvement in performance from the 
pig meat business was offset by competitive markets 
in the liquid milk and chilled foods segments and the 
effects of rationalisation initiatives undertaken in these 
businesses during the year. Revenue for the division was 
up 9% to 2493.6 million (2004: 2451.1 million), mainly 
due to stronger pig meat markets. Operating profit was 
down 3% to 227.1 million (2004: 227.9 million), leading 
to a 70 basis points reduction in the operating margin 
to 5.5% for this division overall (2004: 6.2%).

Rationalisation during the year, in liquid milk and chilled 
foods, focused on improving the competitiveness and 
productivity of these businesses. The total exceptional 
cost incurred amounted to 211.9 million. This relates to 
25.7 million for the rationalisation plan at the Inch Yoplait 
facility, 23.3 million for the rationalisation of the Cork 
distribution business and 22.2 million for the reorgan-
isation of the Dublin distribution operation. Other costs 
relate to sales and administration redundancies.

CONSUMER  FOODS  IRELAND 
Our Consumer Foods Ireland business is the leading 
supplier of branded and value-added liquid milk, fresh 
dairy products, natural cheeses and fresh soups in the 
Irish retail market. It is the number one supplier to the 

19

C O N S U M E R   F O O D S

Environment  Competitor promotional activity in defence 
of market share increased in 2005 with the number of 
products bought on promotion increasing significantly in 
the Fresh Dairy market. In most categories the share of 
retailer own brands increased in 2005 and own label milk 
imports from Northern Ireland continued to increase. 

Colin Gordon

CEO
Consumer Foods 
Ireland

Consumer demand for fresh dairy products increased 
with new launches in the functional health area driving 
double digit growth. In liquid milk an increasing number 
of consumers are switching from standard milks to more 
fortified varieties where Avonmore has leading share 
positions. In cheese, natural grated and sliced products 
are driving market growth.

Market research conducted by Glanbia

during the year confirmed the growth in 

consumer interest around the role of diet and 

health, with consumers looking for additional 

food solutions to meet their nutritional and 

health needs

This trend, combined with the aging population in 
Ireland (within ten years almost half the population will 
be aged 40 or over) creates implications for food and 
nutritional innovation. Addressing the needs of this 
ageing population was a major factor in Glanbia’s dec-
ision to invest in the development of a new range of 
nutrient enriched yogurt drinks offering specific health 
benefits to different age cohorts. 

Liquid milk  This business performed satisfactorily in a 
challenging environment, with increasing cost pressures, 
rising imports from Northern Ireland and the continuing 
growth of own brand milk in 2005. In February 2005 
Glanbia concluded an agreement with Dairygold 
Co-operative Society Limited to take on the CMP 
liquid milk, cream and juice brands for a consideration 
of 210.8 million. This business has been successfully 
integrated into Glanbia and extends the Group’s 
overall market reach. 

Glanbia Consumer Foods Ireland maintained its number 
one and number two positions for the Avonmore and 
Premier Milk brands. Growth in the market continues 
to be driven by demand for more value added products. 
The Avonmore Flavoured milk range, launched in late 
2004, continued to grow in 2005 providing a more 
nutritious beverage choice for consumers. The business 
strategy of focusing on more valued added products is 
proving effective and will continue with the launch of 
additional milk flavours and the development of more 
functional offerings.

Chilled foods  This business, which incorporates the 
Group’s branded yogurt, cheese, spreads, soup and 

sauce products, had a challenging year arising from the 
competitive trading environment. 

During the year the business realigned the cost base 
at the Inch yogurt facility which has resulted in a more 
flexible and cost competitive environment with a total 
focus on market requirements. 

Marketing investment was made in promoting key brands 
and new products to improve market share. Kilmeaden 
cheese “the fillet of cheese” defended its leading market 
share position in the natural block cheese segment and 
extended its offering into other premium segments of the 
market. The increased marketing focus behind Avonmore 
Fresh Soup helped to drive overall market growth and 
build share in the Fresh Soup market. In 2005, Consumer 
Foods maintained its leading market share position in 
Diet, Kids and Drinking yogurt segments with its Yoplait, 
WeightWatchers and Petits Filous brands. The focus 
will be to grow market share through launches into the 
high growth functional health segment. 

Strategy  Our vision is to be Ireland’s premier supplier 
of chilled foods and nutritious beverages to the retail 
and food service sectors and the supplier of choice 
to key customers. This will be achieved through brand 
relevance with key customers, continuous innovation 
and organic growth. 

Innovation  Innovation is central to Consumer Foods 
Ireland’s growth strategy. Our innovation agenda is based 
on the continued development of consumer foods with 
a nutritional emphasis. Consumers are demanding new 
products, new tastes, a focus on health and well being 
and convenience – and all without compromising 

Avonmore milk

The Avonmore flavoured 

milk range, launched in 

late 2004, continued to 

grow in 2005

on quality or cost. All our research and development is 
based on a close study of consumer lifestyle changes 
and the need for efficient nutrition and ensures that 
innovations are commercially relevant. 

“Nutritious, fresh and natural” continue to be the key 
drivers of demand for food and beverages among Irish 
consumers. These attributes are found in all of the 
Consumer Foods product portfolio and are particularly 
synonymous with the Avonmore, Yoplait and Kilmeaden 
brands. Developments under the Avonmore brand in 

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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Consumer Foods

2005 include additional flavours in the Avonmore 
flavoured milks range and the extension of Avonmore 
into snacking with the launch of Avonmore breaded 
snacks. We also added new juice varieties, Avonmore 
Cranberry and Multivitamin. The Kilmeaden brand was 
re-launched during the year, supported by new products 
such as Kilmeaden White Slices, Kilmeaden Fully Mature 
Red and new Vintage varieties.

Yoplait Essence

In February 2006 we 

launched ‘Yoplait Essence’, 

which condenses essential 

nutrients into shot sized 

yogurt based drinks to 

offer health benefits

Ongoing investment in our brands is key to growing 
our relevance with consumers and to building on our 
strong customer partnerships. Investments such as 
Yoplait Essence, which is a major innovation for 2006, 
will help to drive Yoplait’s share of the Fresh Dairy 
Products market.

New initiatives will also be announced under the 
Kilmeaden and Avonmore brands to extend their rele-
vance in 2006. These innovations combined with our 
investment in the brands places the business in a 
strong position to achieve its growth targets in 2006. 

PIG  M EAT   
Glanbia’s pig meat business, which trades as Glanbia 
Meats, is involved in primary processing of pork for sale 
into the wholesale, retail foodservice and food process-
ing sectors on domestic and export markets. Export 
markets include: Germany, France, the Netherlands, the 
USA and Japan. During 2005 the business significantly 
increased exports to Asia and has carved out a solid 
position in high value export markets such as Japan 
and the USA.

Under the Yoplait brand we introduced the new ‘Yoplait 
0% Chunky fruit’ and ‘0% Smooth’ ranges to deliver more 
taste and appetite appeal for consumers in the diet seg-
ment. We also launched ‘Yoplait Everykid’, a specially 
formulated probiotic yogurt drink. 

Glanbia is the number one supplier of pork

in Ireland servicing all the leading value 

added processors

Outlook  Although markets remain competitive, the 
benefits of rationalisation, product innovation and 
marketing underpin an improving outlook for the 
liquid milk and chilled foods businesses. 

The business operates from four facilities, and employs 
a total of 975 people in these operations in the Republic 
of Ireland. The main products are fresh and frozen pork 
and bacon principally in boneless format ready to use 
either for retail packing or further processing into value 
added products for the retail and foodservice sectors. 
A range of canned meats and canned ready meals are 
also produced.

Environment  Business performance improved overall 
in 2005 as a result of increased capacity arising from the 
completion of investments at two core facilities and the 
benefit of increased supply. The global market for pork 
is expanding at a rate of circa 1% per annum on the 
back of population growth and economic development 
in many areas of the world – particularly the USA, Asia, 
Russia and Eastern Europe. Given the global nature of 
this market the focus for Glanbia is on being competitive 
at all stages along the value chain, from production 
through primary and value added processing. 

In Ireland pig production has been declining by 2–3% 
per annum over the past number of years although this 
has been compensated to some degree by increases in 
average carcase weight. The impact of the EU Nitrates 
directive is a cause for concern to producers and is 
currently being assessed. 

21

C O N S U M E R   F O O D S

John Madden

CEO

Glanbia Meats 

A relentless focus on efficiency and quality at our 

modern slaughtering facilities, which operate at 

high levels of utilisation matching best in class in 

terms of quality, yields and processing cost, is 

also a key driver of this business

Strategy  The business strategy is to be the supplier 
of choice to our customers, based on the three pillars 
of quality, efficiency and flexibility. Glanbia Meats com-
petes on the provision of a flexible, quality offering to 
the broad range to the markets served. Local tastes and 
prefer ences vary significantly from one market to the 
next and this drives demand for specific products in 
these markets. A relentless focus on efficiency and quality 
at our modern slaughtering facilities, which operate at 
high levels of utilisation matching best in class in terms 
of quality, yields and processing cost, is also a key 
driver of this business. 

Investment  The final phase of expansion at our Roscrea 
and Edenderry facilities was completed at the end of 
2004, with plant capacities now at a level equal to that 
which preceded the fire at the Roosky plant in 2002.

Outlook  The outlook for 2006 is for pig meat markets 
to remain reasonably stable. This allied to the benefits 
of the investment made in 2004, as well as the business’ 
stong position in the Irish market and its growing 
international reputation, means it is well positioned 
for 2006. 

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NO.1  USA Barrel Cheese  

•  Four facilities in Idaho

•  Processes 1.6 billion litres – one third of all Idaho milk

•  Processes 167,000 tonnes of cheese and 56,000 tonnes of other ingredients

•  Gooding facility is the largest producer of barrel cheese in the world 

 
 
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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

5

Food Ingredients

The Food Ingredients division has operations in Ireland and the 

USA and is engaged in the production of cheeses, butter, casein, 

dairy spreads and whey protein ingredients. This division also 

includes the Group’s evolving Nutritionals business which has 

a growing customer base in the USA, Europe and Asia.

Revenue – up 3%
(2000)

1,107,288

2005

2004

1,107,288

1,075,153

Operating profit  – down 8%
(pre-exceptional)  (2000)

Operating margin – down 40 bps
(pre-exceptional)

42,746

2005

2004

42,746

46,440

3.9%

2005

2004

3.9%

4.3%

Results  The USA operations and Nutritionals delivered 
a solid performance in 2005, growing profitability and 
margins. The impact of reduced EU market supports on the 
Irish portion of the business crystallised in the second half, 
leading to a significant deterioration in profitability. Overall 
revenue increased by 3% to 21.11 billion (2004: 21.08
billion). Operating profit was down 8% to 242.7 million 
(2004: 246.4 million) and the operating margin declined 
40 basis points to 3.9% (2004: 4.3%). This was a direct 
consequence of the decline in the performance of the 
Irish Food Ingredients business in the latter half of 2005.

IR EL AN D
Glanbia Ingredients Ireland markets over 240,000 tonnes 
of dairy ingredients on a business-to-business basis to 
customers in over 40 countries. It is the largest dairy 
ingredients business in Ireland, assembling a milk pool 
of 1.3 billion litres and processing it into butters, casein, 
cheeses, milk powders and cream mixes. 

Glanbia processes one third of the milk pool on the island 
of Ireland which is processed at two sites in Ballyragget,
Co. Kilkenny and Virginia, Co. Cavan. The Ballyragget site 
is the largest integrated dairy facility in Europe processing 
20% of the Irish milk pool. A range of whey products 
are also manufactured and marketed from Ballyragget 
where 40% of the Irish whey pool is processed. Glanbia 
Ingredients is the largest cheddar cheese manufacturer 

in Ireland, 95% of which is for export markets. Glanbia 
processes almost 60,000 tonnes of butter and 
butter oil per year. It markets its butter both directly 
to international customers and through the Irish 
Dairy Board. 

Glanbia is the largest manufacturer of casein, producing 
both acid and rennet casein for European and US 
markets. The three largest infant formula manufacturers 
in the world have production facilities in Ireland and 
Glanbia Ingredients is the largest supplier of lactose, 
in addition to other whey proteins, to these businesses.

Ireland market positions

No 1 Dairy processor 

No 1 Cheese 

No 1 Casein – Ireland 
and Europe

 
25

F O O D   I N G R E D I E N T S

Jim Bergin

CEO Glanbia 
Ingredients Ireland

The Virginia, County Cavan facility is the pre-eminent 
supplier of cream mix for the manufacture of Baileys 
Cream Liqueur. 

Environment  2005 was the second year of the imple-
mentation of the Mid Term Review (MTR) of the Common 
Agriculture Policy which will result in significant change in 
dairy markets. In 2004 and early 2005 markets remained 
reasonably stable, however, these changes began to 
impact performance in the second half. While revenue 
was marginally up for the year, pricing and inflationary 
cost pressures, mainly energy, led to a sharp downturn 
in profitability and margins. 

Glanbia has a clear strategy of developing 

industry alliances and co-operation to 

ach ieve mutual efficiencies, through 

initiatives such as joint ventures and 

contract manufacturing

Glanbia Ingredients Ireland is following a strategic pro-
gramme to offset these pressures. The relentless pursuit 
of efficiencies resulted in a reduction of 10% in the 
workforce in 2005. In addition a continued focus on 
improved plant performance, conversion efficiencies 
and quality development continued to deliver 
increased returns during the year.

Glanbia has a clear strategy of developing industry 
alliances and co-operation to achieve mutual efficiencies.
During the year Glanbia agreed a contract manufac-
turing arrangement on cheese whereby we consolidated 
cheddar production between our Ballyragget facility 
and the Mitchelstown site of Dairygold Co-operative 
Society Limited. We also announced the decision to 
cease what was seasonal cheddar cheese production 
at Kilmeaden, County Waterford. The cost of this 
restructuring was 22.6 million. 

In addressing the particular problems for butterfats 
posed by the reduction of EU refunds and the lowering 
of intervention supports, Glanbia sought to secure 
enhanced technology and sustainable routes to market 
for the Irish butterfat pool. In November Glanbia reached 
agreement with Corman SA – a Belgian company and 
world leader in butterfat technology, part of the French 
Bongrain Group – to create a new joint venture company 
to manufacture and market dairy spreads and butterfat 
products. The new company, known as Corman Miloko 
Ireland Limited, will manufacture a range of spreadable 
butters for the home and higher value EU commercial 
markets. The installation of advanced butter fractionation 
technology and a new butter oil facility at the Ballyragget 
site during 2005 will enable the production of butter 
fractions for customised solutions in the bakery and 
confectionery industries.

Glanbia Foods Inc plant at Twin Falls, Idaho

The business continues to focus on the effective manage-
ment of the impact of MTR through a combination of 
efficiencies, cost control and balanced pricing and 
product mix. 

Strategy The strategic focus of the business is threefold: 
to continue to maximise efficiencies and scale through 
co-operation opportunities that will further consolidate 
the Irish and European dairy industry, to pursue a growth 
agenda through international market access and the 
ongoing delivery of an innovative and flexible customer 
service to our blue chip customers. 

The business has been refocused around the strength-
ening of a global supply chain and the pursuit of further 
co-operation in the Irish and European dairy industries. 
The commercial organisation is being further developed to 
provide customers with innovative customised solutions off 
a broader base of manufacture, outsourcing and blending. 

Innovation  Glanbia Food Ingredients Ireland has a 
comprehensive programme of strategic and applied 
research, backed up by world class laboratory and pilot 
process plant facilities at the new Glanbia Innovation 

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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Food Ingredients

Centre in Kilkenny. The Innovation Centre has provided 
a further impetus to our ongoing innovation programme 
which we implement in partnership with our leading 
customers. Research is focused on the quality, safety 
and efficacy of our dairy food ingredients and enables 
Glanbia to progress from pre to full commercial 
exploitation with industry clients or partners. 

Jeff Williams

The outlook for 2006 is for another challenging 

President 
Glanbia Foods Inc.

year with a significant development agenda 

to mitigate the affects of MTR and an adverse 

energy cost environment

Outlook  Food Ingredients Ireland is a large user of 
energy and therefore any significant and sustained 
upward shift in pricing would be a cause for concern 
for 2006. The overall management and consumption 
of energy is a key objective for the business. 

The outlook for 2006 is for another challenging year 
with a significant development agenda to mitigate the 
affects of MTR and an adverse energy environment.

US A
Glanbia’s USA Food Ingredients businesses, (Glanbia 
Foods Inc.), is the largest producer of cheddar barrel 
cheese in the USA and is one of the top global producers 
of American-style cheddar cheese and whey-based food 
ingredients. With headquarters and operations in the 
State of Idaho, the business processes approximately 
one third of all milk produced in Idaho – which is the 
fourth largest milk producing state in the USA. Idaho 
was the fastest growing milk producing state in the 
USA in 2005, with milk production growth of 12%. 

Customers are business to business, blue chip companies 
in the food service, food processing and retail sectors. 

Glanbia Foods Inc. processes 1.6 billion litres of milk a 
year and produces 167,000 tonnes of cheese and 56,000 
tonnes of other ingredients between its four processing 
plants located at Gooding, Richfield and Twin Falls where 
it employs 540 people. 

American-style Cheddar Cheese  Overall, Glanbia 
Foods Inc. has a 9.1% share of American-style cheddar 
cheese production in the USA. Product is sold to leading 
food service manufacturers for food service, retail and 
ingredient applications under leading USA cheese 

USA market positions 

No. 1 barrel cheese

No. 2 whey protein isolate 

No. 3 lactose

No. 3 American-style
cheese 

labels. Block cheddar is sold for shredding and slicing 
applications in food service and retail markets. The block 
cheese facility in Twin Falls produces all varieties of 
American cheese – cheddar, mozzarella, Monterey Jack, 
Colby, Colby Jack and Pepper Jack, Glanbia has won 
several USA and World Cheese Championships for the 
fine quality American-style cheese produced at the Twin 
Falls facility.

The cheese facility at Gooding is the largest 

producer of barrel cheese in the world. This 

one plant produces more cheese than the 

equivalent of Ireland’s national output

Barrel Cheese  The cheese facility at Gooding has 
gone through five expansions since Glanbia acquired 
it in 1990. The Gooding whey plant, which is located 
beside the cheese plant, manufactures whey protein 
concentrate, lactose, lactoferrin and bioferrin which 
are used in nutritional food formulations by other 
food manufacturers. 

Due to the ongoing demand for our barrel cheese, 
Glanbia is planning a further expansion in 2006, 
following on from a 30% expansion to the Gooding 
barrel plant completed in 2004. 

Whey  In addition to cheese, Glanbia Foods Inc. 
manufactures whey protein concentrate and refined 
edible grade lactose at the Gooding facility and these 

 
27

F O O D   I N G R E D I E N T S

value-added whey-based nutritional products are market-
ed by the Nutritionals business. 

The whey plant at Richfield processes all the whey from 
the Twin Falls facility and is one of the largest dedicated 
whey processing facilities in the USA. It was one of the 
first facilities in the country to fractionate whey into whey 
protein concentrate and lactose.

Demand continues to grow and we predict

a 2% increase in the demand for American 

style natural cheddar, and an even stronger 

demand for speciality varieties, over the next 

number of years

Environment  In 2005 market prices for cheese were 
lower than 2004, although market demand and sub-
sequent volume growth was strong and contributed to 
margin growth. Retail and food service categories are 
driving the growth as consumers want variety, flavour, 
functionality and convenience. Retail, food service and 
ingredient market consolidation will continue which will 
add increased complexity and competition, leading 
customers to seek evolving services and relationships. 

The growth in American-style cheddar cheese was in 
the natural category (e.g. blocks) in 2005 and is primarily 
driven by food service and retail demand for sliced and 
shredded cheese applications.  American-style cheese 
production continues its western migration, following 
the milk supply growth trend that has developed over 
the past 15 years due to economies of scale with sev eral 
dairy operations milking more than 5,000 cows. 

Strategy  The business strategy is to continue to develop 
a tailored strategic approach to delivering solutions to 
our customers, with the emphasis on being the most 
relevant business-to-business supplier of American style 
cheese. This will be achieved through the ongoing pro-
vision of a wider portfolio of cheese offerings, joint new 
product development and innovation as well as supply 
chain coordination. The continuation of our competitive 
cost positioning is fundamental to delivering this 
strategy. 

Investment / Innovation  During the year Glanbia Foods 
Inc invested in a calcium expansion, increasing pro duc-
tion of the branded calcium `Trucal’. A programme of 
investment in new technology and business systems was 
completed in 2005. Additional investment in cheese 
innovation is also committed in 2006. 

Glanbia Foods Inc. utilises cutting edge production 
technology and the resources of the Glanbia R&D 
Innovation Centre in Twin Falls to produce what 
are among the finest quality cheese and nutritional 
ingredients in the world. 

Researchers at the Innovation Centres in Idaho and 
Kilkenny work with Glanbia Foods to achieve product 
solutions for customers as well as a range of research 
designed to move the industry forward, from calcium 
absorption to studies linking dairy product intake to 
decreased obesity levels. 

Outlook  The outlook for 2006 is positive. Following on 
from a 12% growth in milk production in 2005 growth 
in Idaho milk production of 8-10% is projected in 2006. 
Glanbia’s customers are expressing a strong demand for 
cheese, some of which will be supplied by Southwest 
Cheese, the joint venture in Clovis, New Mexico. 

28

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Food Ingredients

Kevin Toland

CEO & President 
Glanbia USA &
Nutritionals

GL AN B I A  N U TRI T I ON AL S
Glanbia Nutritionals is a leading provider of science-
based nutritional food solutions that address the growing 
demand for products with health benefits in addition to 
their nutritional value. Drawing on Glanbia’s international 
resources – including state-of-the-art production and 
R&D – the business produces a wide range of specialty 
whey proteins and other nutritional ingredients for use 
in ready-to-drink and powdered beverages, nutritional 
bars, dairy products, snacks, confectionary applications 
and more.

Glanbia’s solutions are used by a broad and growing 
range of nutrition-based industries including functional 
foods, sports nutrition, infant nutrition, clinical nutrition, 
weight management, health and wellness products and 
nutritional supplements. Its product range includes: 
whey protein isolates and other whey powders; lactose; 
calcium; lactoferrin; vitamins and minerals; bars and 
beverages. These ingredients are the basis for a range 
of brands such as: Provon; Prolibra; Salibra; Trucal; Tri- 
Fix; Barflex; BarPro; Barmax; Oatvantage and Glovon. 
Through these brands the company is building a world-
wide reputation for customised products, innovative 
processing technologies and outstanding customer 
services. 

As an evolving business, Glanbia Nutritionals employs 
over 100 people at global locations in: Ireland (Kilkenny), 
the USA (Wisconsin, Idaho and Illinois), Germany, the 
United Kingdom, Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina and China.

The business continued to make steady 

progress in 2005 supported by additional 

capacity in specialised calcium products at 

the Group’s Idaho facility and the integration 

of Kortus Foods Ingredients Services GmbH, 

the German based nutrient delivery systems 

business

Environment  The business continued to make steady 
progress in 2005 supported by additional capacity in 
specialised whey protein isolate products at the Group’s 
Idaho facility and the integration of Kortus Foods 
Ingredients Services GmbH, the German based nutrient 
delivery systems business. During the year Kortus, which 
specialises in the production, research and development 
of customised nutrient systems for customers in the 
infant nutrition, dietetics and functional foods markets, 
performed well with sales growth of over 30%.

The global nutritional market exhibited strong growth 
in 2005.

Substantial investment was made in 2005 in 

building a strong team with a blend of skills 

in science-based research and development 

and marketing, to drive the business forward

Strategy  The Glanbia Nutritionals strategy is to be a key 
global provider of nutritional ingredients and nutritional 
solutions. This will be achieved through acquisition and 
joint ventures, capacity expansion, investment in research 
and development in both the dairy and non dairy sectors. 
Innovation in the development of a strong pipeline of 
new products that will afford Glanbia a point of diff-
erence in the market and deliver added value to our 
customers, is central to this strategy. 

Developments / Investments  Substantial investment was 
made in 2005 in building a strong team with a blend of 
skills in science-based research and development and 
marketing, to drive the business forward. 

Other investments were made to strengthen the bus-
iness, including the expansion of the new Glanbia 
Innovation Centre in Ireland and the purchase of a small 
manufacturer of bars, beverages and powders in the UK. 
This business adds an additional solutions capability 
to Glanbia Nutritionals giving it a strategic presence 
in a key market.  

In October 2005 Glanbia expanded the Group 
Innovation Centre in Kilkenny, with further research and 
development facilities – comprising additional laboratory 
space for technologically sophisticated biochemical and 
microbiological analysis and clinical trial support. The 
total number of research scientists and commercialisation 
staff at the Innovation Centre is now over 50. 

29

F O O D   I N G R E D I E N T S

A number of other investments and 

developments undertaken in 2005, such 

as the commissioning of additional large 

scale whey capacity at Southwest Cheese in 

Clovis, New Mexico and of additional calcium 

capacity in Idaho, as well as the opening 

of a representative office in Shanghai and 

in Argentina, further strengthens Glanbia’s 

position as a leading player in the global 

nutritionals market 

Innovation  The development work in the Group’s 
Innovation Centres in Ireland and the USA, carried 
out in partnership with customers, led to a number of 
commercial developments in 2005. We continue to 

develop products and solutions that match a market 
need, or a customer requirement, working closely with 
universities and other research agencies. 

During the year Glanbia Nutritionals developed and 
acquired advanced, differentiated and branded ingre-
dients targeted at a range of nutritional require ments 
such as weight management; immune enhancement; 
heart health; cancer prevention; endurance and 
performance.

Among the range of developments progressed during 
the year was ‘Oatvantage(tm)’ an oat based product 
for which Glanbia acquired the exclusive European 
distribution rights. 

Outlook  With a strong team and increased innovation 
resources, overall the outlook for 2006 is positive with 
anticipated growth from capacity expansion, new 
product development and acquisitions. 

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NO.1  Whey protein isolate  

•  US$190 million investment

•  Cheese and whey facility

•  340,000 sq.ft. building

•  120 suppliers – 1.1 billion litres of milk 

•  18 month scale-up process

•   Full production mid –2007, making Glanbia the number 
one producer of American-style cheddar in the USA

 
 
 
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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

6 International Joint Ventures

Glanbia’s strategy is to build international relevance in cheese, 

nutritional ingredients and selected consumer foods, balancing our 

strong market positions in Ireland with an increasing presence in 

overseas markets. The Group has a number of significant international 

Joint Ventures producing cheese, whey and milk products which are 

central to this strategic development.

an improved performance in 2005 arising from increased 
demand and the benefits of investment. The strength 
of the Glanbia Cheese market position, quality product 
and unique technology places this business in a good 
position.

NIGE RIA :  NU TR IC IMA
In 2003 Glanbia entered a 50:50 joint venture with PZ 
Cussons plc to build a US$25 million facility in Nigeria 
to supply evaporated milk and milk powder to the local 
Nigerian market. Glanbia has responsibility for the opera-
tion of the plant and sourcing of raw materials. PZ 
Cussons is responsible for the marketing and distribution 
of the products through its existing Nigerian subsidiary. 

During 2005 the packing facility for fat filled milk 
powder, which is sourced in Ireland and sold on the 
local market in consumer formats under the Nunu brand 
and the manufacturing plant for condensed milk, were 
commissioned and overall progress to date in Nigeria 
has exceeded expectations. 

During 2005 commissioning of the packing 

facility for fat filled milk powder, which is 

sourced in Ireland and sold on the local 

market in consumer formats under the Nunu 

brand, was commenced

UK :  GL AN B I A  CH EES E 
Glanbia has a 51% interest in Glanbia Cheese, a joint 
venture with Leprino Foods Company, Europe’s leading 
producer of mozzarella cheese for the pizza sector. The 
business employs approximately 360 people between 
its two manufacturing operations based in Llangefni, 
North Wales and Magheralin, Northern Ireland, and an 
administration office based in Northwich, Cheshire. 

The business services both the food service and indus-
trial pizza manufacturers. It lists the major pizza providers 
in both sectors among its customer base, and with the 
majority of the key pizza providers it has a sole or lead 
supply position. Glanbia Cheese supplies a range of 
mozzarella products including block, ribbon and string 
mozzarella. 

The Glanbia Cheese strategy is to maintain and build 
on its position as the leading supplier of pizza cheese in 
Europe through on-going innovation based on the Leprino 
proprietory mozzarella production technology, quality 
and flexibility. These value offerings enable the business 
to offer a significantly differentiated product, process 
and economic offering to the marketplace. As a leading 
supplier of innovative products, the business reported 

33

I N T E R N AT I O N A L   J O I N T   V E N T U R E S

US A:   S OU THWES T  C H EES E 
Commissioning of the Southwest Cheese facility began 
in October 2005 and is the first phase in an 18 month 
scale up process towards full production. Southwest 
Cheese is a US$190 million cheese and whey products 
facility in New Mexico. This joint venture, with Dairy 
Farmers of America and Select Milk Producers Inc., will 
make Glanbia the number one producer of American 
cheese when it reaches full production. Once fully oper-
ational, Southwest Cheese will be one of the largest 
cheese processors in the world and will have the capacity 
to process in excess of one billion litres of milk per 
annum and produce over 110,000 tonnes of cheese. 
The associated whey plant will be able to produce 7,500 
tonnes of high quality value-added whey proteins 
per annum.

From a greenfield situation in 2004, Glanbia 

expects Southwest Cheese to achieve full 

capacity in 2007 

Glanbia’s partners, DFA and Select, will provide the 
milk for the new plant and Glanbia has responsibility for 
operating the plant and for sales and marketing of the 
products through existing structures. 

Overall this development is progressing well and initial 
customer feedback has been very positive. 

O TH ERS :  M EXI CO 
Glanbia established a marketing joint venture based in 
Mexico with Conaprole of Uruguay in 2003. This joint 
venture company, Conabia, markets dairy ingredients into 
Central and South American markets and enjoyed growth 
in sales in 2005.

Glanbia also purchased 100% of Zymalact; a small 
blending plant in Mexico during 2005 and this business 
provides a base for producing customised blends for 
customers in Central America.

40lb Cheese line at our Southwest Cheese plant New Mexico

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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

7 Corporate Social Responsibility

Our Corporate Social Responsibility programme relies on 

a careful balance of economic, environmental and social 

policies while we aim to fulfil our strategic goals of building 

a sustainable business and long term growth.

Community  Support for local services, endeavours and 
sporting activities in the communities in which we operate 
is central to our philosophy.

The sponsorships represent a positive synergy 

between our mission to promote healthy 

food products and the GAA’s outstanding 

community values, health and exercise focus 

and appeal to young people

In 2005, we renewed our long-standing sponsorships of 
Kilkenny and Waterford hurling at every level from minor 
to senior with the Avonmore milk brand and new Yoplait 
Essence brand respectively. The sponsorships represent a 
positive synergy between our mission to promote healthy 
food products and the GAA’s outstanding community 
values, health and exercise focus and appeal to young 
people.

2005 also saw the second year of a two-year commitment 
by our Irish and USA employees to two causes selected by 
them – Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick Children in Crumlin, 

Dublin and the Boys & Girls Club in Magic Valley, Idaho. 
The dedication and commitment shown by our employees 
to both causes has been outstanding and their willingness 
to give up their free time in today’s busy life schedules 
demonstrates a social awareness and desire for community 
involvement.

In Ireland, that comittment saw over 240,000 raised 
by employees in a campaign that started at the Irish 
Ploughing Championships and included diverse activities 
such as sponsored cycling trips in Hungary and promotions 
at the Ideal Homes Exhibition. These funds, when com-
bined with the Group’s financial contribution, were used 
for such vital facilities as Ireland’s first Transitional Care 
Unit at Crumlin Hospital. 

Our Irish employees also continued their association 
with ‘Junior Achievement Ireland’, a voluntary school 
organisation which encourages student interest in the 
world of work and commerce.  

In the USA, our employees worked tirelessly in support 
of The Boys & Girls Club in Magic Valley, working closely 
with the Club in organising events and creating awareness 
of the Club and the Glanbia involvement. One of the high-
lights of the fund-raising campaign was a highly success ful
‘Great Glanbia Grilled Cheese Sandwich Event’ which 
contributed significantly to a fund that helped, among 
other things, to build a new kitchen for the Club.

Environment  Protection and preservation of the 
environment and natural resources lies at the heart of our 
objective to manage our business in an environmentally 
responsible manner.

We continue to be committed to sustainable growth in 
harmony with the environment and the communities in 
which we operate, which is achieved by attention to such 
elements as:
•  including environmental goals and risk management 

as part of the overall business strategy;

•  maintaining relationships with local communities and 
authorities, regulatory agencies and interest groups 
to create better understanding and co-operation;
•  recycling and re-using raw materials and reducing 

35

C O R P O R AT E   S O C I A L   R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y

discharges to land, air or water;

•  maintaining an Environmental Management System at all 

our manufacturing plants.

An example of this approach was the creation of a 
wastewater treatment facility at our Gooding Cheese and 
Whey Manufacturing plant in the USA which was fully 
operational by late 2005. 

Marketplace  Communication with consumers and cust-
omers to understand their views and needs has always 
been a critical factor in our organisation. Research is 
continuously conducted into consumer attitudes and 
perceptions of our products and a consumer feedback 
programme generates significant information on such 
areas as product safety, packaging, labelling, promotions 
and advertising.

Our advertising adheres to the relevant legislation and to 
the Codes of Best Practice demanded by the Advertising 
Association of Ireland and the Broadcasting Commission 
of Ireland.

A central thrust of our communication strategy is to 
encourage awareness of the need for a balanced diet and 
nutrition to a healthy lifestyle. As part of this approach, 
we are highly pro-active in communicating ingredients’ 
information on our product labelling. 

The core values of ‘Pride In What We Do’, 

‘People Matter’, ‘Find a Better Way’ and        

‘Be The Best’ are very much part of our ethos 

which has evolved with the organisation since 

its origins in the Irish co-operative movement

Sharon McDonnell, Glanbia Meats presenting the 
employee fundraising cheque to Eamonn Coghlan, 
Director of Fundraising and Development 
at Our Lady’s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin

Children at The Boys & Girls Club, Magic Valley, Idaho

Workplace  By offering good working conditions, 
providing personal development opportunities and 
rewarding employees’ on-going commitment to the 
Group’s success, we consistently achieve our objective 
of being considered an employer of choice at our
various locations.

We strive to attract and develop the best people and 
operate a number of development programmes for all 
levels within the organisation, in conjunction with various 
training courses that meet specific individual needs.

We also promote a Group Graduate programme that aims 
to attract outstanding graduates from diverse disciplines
to further enhance our management structure and our 
future leadership.  

36

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

8

Finance Review

Geoff Meagher, Group Finance Director

Results The 2005 results are prepared under International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and all comparisons 
are based on a restatement of 2004 financial information.
A detailed IFRS restatement document is available on 
the Group’s website at www.glanbia.com.

Revenue grew by 4% in 2005 to 21.83 billion primarily 
driven by growth in the Consumer Foods and Nutritionals 
businesses. A difficult environment in Ireland impacted 
operating profit and margins with pre exceptional oper-
ating profit down 7% to 280.6 million. This was offset by a 
21% reduction in pre exceptional net financing cost and an 
improved performance in the Group’s associates and joint 
ventures, which resulted in a pre exceptional profit before 
taxation of 268.7 million which, on a comparable basis, 
was similar to the 2004 level.

Details of divisional operating profit are given in the 
Operations Review on pages 12 to 29.

The Group’s pre exceptional net financing cost (on a com-
parable basis including interest on non equity minority 
interest) decreased 23.3 million to 212.8 million from 
216.1 million in 2004. Financing cover (Group operating 
profit, pre exceptional, to net financing cost) improved to 
6.3 times (compared to 5.4 times in 2004). EBITDA finance 
cover was 8.4 times (compared to 6.9 times in 2004) and 
the ratio of year end net debt to EBITDA was 2 times 
(compared to 2.3 times in 2004). 

Net exceptional gains for the year amounted to 2521,000
compared with a 21.3 million gain in 2004. These include 
211 million profit on the sale of quoted investments, a 
23.9 million foreign exchange credit arising from the imple-
mentation of IFRS and a 26.9 million tax credit. These 
gains were offset by restructuring charges to improve 
competitiveness in Ireland of 215.7 million (Agribusiness 
and Property 21.2 million, Consumer Foods 211.9 million 
and Food Ingredients 22.6 million), the cancellation cost 
of 25.3 million for the prepayment of US$100 million 
preferred securities and 20.3 million relating to prior 
disposals.

The Group’s share of results of joint ventures and 
associates, post interest and tax, amounted to a profit of 
2932,000 in 2005, compared with a loss of 21.5 million 
in 2004. This result reflects the improved performance in 

Glanbia Cheese, the Group’s UK joint venture with Leprino 
Foods.

Taxation for the year amounted to 2657,000, compared 
with 28.4 million in 2004. This is as a consequence of an 
exceptional of 26.9 million, primarily due to a tax credit 
relating to a prior disposal of assets in the USA. The 
pre-exceptional taxation charge was 27.6 million which 
represents an effective tax rate of 11%. This low tax rate 
reflects the mix of profits in the various tax jurisdictions in 
which the Group operates and in particular the impact of 
the Irish manufacturing rate of 10%.

Earnings per share and dividends  Earnings per share 
amounted to 21.04 cent compared with 21.03 cent in 
2004. Adjusted earnings per share was up 1% to 20.86 
cent (2004: 20.59 cent). 

The total dividend per share for the year is 5.51 cent, an 
increase of 5.0% on the 2004 dividend.

Cash generation  Summary cash flows for 2005 and 2004 
are set out on page 37. 

Total cash generated from operations amounted to 
2162.9 million including 272.9 million reduction in working 
capital (including a reduction in seasonal investment in 
this area). Capital and development expenditure in the 
year amounted to 272.6 million. The Group has invested 
significantly in recent years in its international operations 
both in the USA facilities in Idaho and the joint ventures 
in New Mexico and Nigeria. 

The US$100 million preferred securities were prepaid in 
June 2005 as part of a refinancing of the Group. The 
Group has renewed financing facilities of over 2400 million 
In Consumer Foods Ireland, investment was 
to July 2010 with core banking relationships. 

made in organic growth with the launch of 
Group net debt on a comparable basis reduced by 245.3
flavoured milks and new soup and sauce 
million to 2215.7 million (2004; 2261.0 million).

products under the Avonmore brand.

Balance sheet  Equity shareholders’ funds increased to 
2123.7 million at the end of 2005 from 2119.9 million in 
2004. In accordance with IFRS the Group’s balance sheet 
includes a retirement benefit obligation of 2165.0 million 
(2149.1 million of net of deferred tax asset). The increase 
in the obligation of 238.3 million arises primarily due to 

2,922  
(15,612) 

215
(14,814)

Liquidity risk  The Group’s objective is to maintain a 
balance between the continuity of funding and flexibility 
through the use of borrowings with a range of maturities.

37

F I N A N C E   R E V I E W

Currency risk  Although the Group is based in Ireland, it 
has significant investment in overseas operations in the UK 
and the US. As a result, movements in the US dollar/euro 
and sterling/euro exchange rates can significantly affect 
the Group’s euro balance sheet and income statement. 
The Group seeks to match, to a reasonable extent, the 
currency of its borrowings with that of its assets, inclusive 
of goodwill. The Group also has transactional currency 
exposures that arise from sales or purchases by an oper-
ating unit in currencies other than the unit’s operating 
functional currency. The Group requires all its operating 
units to mitigate such currency exposures, by means of 
forward foreign currency contracts.

In order to preserve continuity of funding, the Group’s 
policy is that, at a minimum, committed facilities should 
be available at all times to meet the full extent of its antici-
pated finance requirements, arising in the ordinary course 
of business, during the succeeding 12 month period.

This means that at any time the lenders providing facilities 
in respect of this finance requirement are required to give 
at least 12 months notice of their intention to seek 
repayment of such facilities.

At the year end, the Group had multi-currency committed 
bank term facilities of 2439.9 million of which 2158.3
million was undrawn. The weighted average period to 
maturity of these facilities was 4.5 years.

Finance and interest rate risk  The Group’s objective in 
relation to interest rate management is to minimise the 
impact of interest rate volatility on interest costs in order 
to protect reported profitability. This is achieved by deter-
mining a long term strategy against a number of policy 
guidelines, which focus on (a) the amount of floating rate 
indebtedness anticipated over such a period and (b) the 
consequent sensitivity of interest costs to interest rate 
movements on this indebtedness and the resultant 
impact on reported profitability.

The Group borrows at both fixed and floating rates of 
interest and uses interest rate swaps to manage the 
Group’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations.

Summary  The Group made solid progress in 2005 with 
strong debt reduction and improvements in key financial 
ratios.

Geoff Meagher
Group Finance Director

Summary cash flows

2005
4’000  

2004
4’000

Cash generated from operations 

162,905  

83,447  

Net interest paid 
Tax paid 

 (22,507) 
(3,777) 

(10,866)
(4,955)

Cash flows from investing activities 
Acquisitions and investments 
Capital expenditure 
Disposals 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Share capital issued 
Dividends paid 

Net increase in borrowings 
net of cash 

Borrowings net of cash at the 
beginning of the year 

(26,366) 
(46,207) 
18,665  

(65,368)
 (60,946)
84,686  

70,023   

11,399  

(260,950) 

(269,556)

Effects of exchange rate changes 

(24,725) 

(2,793) 

Borrowings net of cash at
the end of the year 

(215,652) 

(260,950)

a reduction in the discount rate applied to the actuarial 
calculations.

Financial Instruments and Derivative Financial 
Instruments The conduct of its ordinary business oper-
ations necessitates the holding and issuing of financial 
instruments and derivative financial instruments by the 
Group. The main risks arising from issuing, holding and 
managing these financial instruments typically include 
liquidity risk, interest rate risk and currency risk. The 
Group approach is to centrally manage these risks against 
comprehensive policy guidelines. The Board agrees and 
regularly reviews these guidelines which are summarised 
below. With the exception of an amendment to permit 
the holding of instruments deemed to be speculative 
under IAS 39, these policies have remained unchanged 
during the past financial year.

The Group does not engage in holding or issuing 
speculative financial instruments or derivatives thereof, 
other than as outlined above. The Group finances its 
operations by a mixture of retained profits, preference 
shares, medium and short term committed bank 
borrowings and uncommitted bank borrowings.

The Group borrows in the major global debt markets 
in a range of currencies at both fixed and floating 
rates of interest, using derivatives where appropriate 
to generate the desired effective currency profile 
and interest rate basis.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5

Directors and Advisors

 Jerry Liston

 Matt Merrick

 Eric Stanley

 Micheal Keane

 Kevin Toland

 Chris Hill

 Ned Fitpatrick

 Henry Corbally

 Victor Quinlan

 Billy Murphy

 Jim Gilsenan

 John Fitzgerald

 Eamon Power

John Miller

 Geoff Meagher

 Michael Parsons

 Paul Haran

 John Callaghan

 John Moloney

 Michael Walsh

 Liam Herlihy

Non-executive Directors
Michael J Walsh (aged 63) is Chairman of Glanbia plc. 
He was appointed to the Board in 1989, was appointed 
Vice-Chairman of the Company in 1996 and was appointed 
Chairman of the Company in 2005. He is also Chairman of 
Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited and is a Director of a 
number of other Irish societies including Irish Co-operative 
Organisation Society Limited and The Irish Dairy Board Co-
operative Limited. He farms at Coolroe, Graiguenamanagh, 
Co. Kilkenny.

Liam Herlihy (aged 54) is Vice-Chairman of Glanbia plc. 
He was appointed to the Board in 1997 and was appointed 
Vice-Chairman of the Company in 2001. He is also Vice-
Chairman of Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited and 
Chairman of Co-operative Animal Health Limited. He is a 
Director of a number of other Irish companies/societies. 
He completed the ICOS Diploma in Corporate Direction 
in 2002. He farms at Headborough, Tallow, Co. Waterford.

John V Quinlan, B.Agr.Sc., (aged 60) is Vice-Chairman of 
Glanbia plc. He was first appointed to the Board in 1996, 
re-appointed in 2001 and appointed Vice-Chairman of the 
Company in June 2005. He is a Director of a number of 
Irish companies including Irish Sugar Limited and Malting 
Company of Ireland Limited. He completed the ICOS 
Diploma in Corporate Direction in 2004. He farms at 
Baptistgrange, Lisronagh, Clonmel, Co. Tipperary.

John E Callaghan, FCA, FIB, (aged 63) was appointed 
to the Board in 1998. He is a Director of a number of 
Irish companies including Rabobank Ireland plc and Vivas 
Insurance Limited. He was formerly Managing Partner 
of KPMG (Ireland), Chief Executive of Fyffes plc and 
Chairman of First Active plc. 

Paul M Haran, MSc, BSc, (aged 48) was appointed to 
the Board in June 2005. He also serves on the Court of 

39

D I R E C T O R S   A N D   A D V I S O R S

Directors of the Bank of Ireland and on the Board of the 
Mater Private Hospital. He was recently appointed as 
Principal of the UCD College of Business and Law and 
chairs the Board of the UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate 
School of Business. He was appointed by the Minister for 
Justice and Law Reform to chair the Working Group on 
Legal Costs. He retired in 2004 as Secretary General of the 
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment at the 
end of his seven-year term of office.

Jerry V Liston, B.A., MBA, (aged 65) was appointed to 
the Board in 2002. He is a Director of the Michael Smurfit 
Graduate School of Business, University College Dublin 
and holds directorships in various other companies includ-
ing BWG Group and Balcas Limited. He was formerly Chief 
Executive of United Drug plc, a past Chairman of the Irish 
Management Institute and past Executive Chairman of the 
Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business.

William G Murphy, B. Comm, (aged 60) retired as Deputy 
Group Managing Director of Glanbia plc in June 2005 
but continues on the Board. He joined the Group in 1977 
and has held a number of senior management positions 
including Chief Executive of Dairy Food Ingredients, Chief 
Executive of Consumer Foods Ireland and Chief Executive 
of the Agribusiness Division. He was appointed to the 
Board in 1989. He is a Director of a number of Irish and 
UK companies including IAWS Group plc.

The following non-executive Directors are farmers and all 
are Directors of Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited: 

Henry V Corbally (aged 51) completed the ICOS Diploma 
in Corporate Direction in 2002. He is also a Director of 
Kilmainhamwood Community Employment Scheme 
Limited. He farms at Kilmainhamwood, Kells, Co. Meath.

John G Fitzgerald (aged 50). He farms at Ross, Kilmeaden, 
Co. Waterford. He has completed an ICOS course in co-
operative training.

Edward P Fitzpatrick (aged 58) is a Director of both South 
Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited and Castlegannon 
Show Limited. He completed the ICOS Diploma in 
Corporate Direction in 2003. He farms at Knockmoylan, 
Mullinavat, Co. Kilkenny.

James A Gilsenan (aged 46) completed the ICOS Diploma 
in Corporate Direction in 2003. He farms at Drogheda 
Road, Collon, Co. Louth.

Christopher L Hill B.Agr.Sc., (aged 47) is a Director of 
Wicklow Rural Partnership Limited and a member of the 
Wicklow County Development Board. He completed the 
ICOS Diploma in Corporate Direction in 2002. He farms 
at Johnstown House, Arklow, Co. Wicklow.

Michael Keane (aged 53) was appointed to the Board in 
June 2005. He farms at Foxhall, Ballinamona, Ardmore, 
Youghal, Co. Waterford.

Matthew Merrick (aged 54) was appointed to the Board
in 2005. He is the Vice-Chairman of the County Offaly 
Enterprise Board and a Board member of IFAC 
Accountants. He farms at Shean, Edenderry, Co. Offaly.

John J Miller (aged 65) is Chairman of the Glen Barrow 
Farm Producers Group and a Director of Laois Leader Rural 
Development Company Limited. He is also active in Spink 
Community Council. He farms at Boleybeg, Abbeyleix, 
Co. Laois.

Michael Parsons (aged 56) is Chairman of Kilkenny 
Co-operative Livestock Market Limited and a Director 
of Kilkenny, Carlow and District Farm Relief Services 
Society Limited. He farms at Outrath, Kilkenny.

Eamon M Power (aged 51) completed the ICOS Diploma 
in Corporate Direction in 2004 and is a Master Farmer. 
He also represents the Group on the Tus Forum and the 
Progressive Genetic Advisory Committee. He farms at 
Corse, Fethard-on-Sea, Co. Wexford.

George E Stanley (aged 61) is a Committee Member of 
the Centenary-Thurles Co-operative Society Limited. He 
farms at Shinrone, Birr, Co. Offaly.

Executive Directors
John J Moloney, B.Agr.Sc., MBA (aged 51) is Group 
Managing Director since 2001. He was appointed to the 
Board in 1997. He was appointed Deputy Group Managing 
Director in 2000 and assumed the responsibilities of 
Chief Operating Officer in 2001. He joined the Group in 
1987 and held a number of senior management positions 
including Chief Executive of the Food Ingredients and 
Agricultural Trading Divisions. He previously worked with 
the Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry and in 
the meat industry in Ireland. He is a Director of The Irish 
Dairy Board Co-operative Limited and a Council Member 
of both the Irish Business and Employers Confederation 
and the Irish Management Institute.

Geoffrey J Meagher, CPA, (aged 56) joined the Board 
as Group Finance Director in 1993 and is also Deputy 
Group Managing Director since June 2005. He joined the 
Group in 1975 and held a number of positions including 
that of Group Financial Controller. Prior to that he trained 
and worked with PricewaterhouseCoopers, Chartered 
Accountants.

Kevin E Toland, FCMA, (aged 40) was appointed to the 
Board in 2003. He joined the Group in 1999 and is CEO 
and President of Glanbia USA and Nutritionals, having 
previously held the positions of Group Development 
Director and Chief Executive of the Consumer Foods 
Division. Prior to joining Glanbia, he held a number of 
senior management positions with Coca-Cola Bottlers in 
Russia and with Diageo plc in Ireland and Central Europe. 

40

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Directors & Advisors 

Directors offering themselves for re-appointment
The following Directors are retiring by rotation in 
accordance with the Articles of Association of the 
Company and, being eligible, offer themselves for 
re-appointment:

Michael Horan

Group Secretary

Henry V Corbally (aged 51)

Edward P Fitzpatrick (aged 58) 

James A Gilsenan (aged 46)

Liam Herlihy (aged 54)

Jerry V Liston (aged 65)

Eamon M Power (aged 51)

Kevin E Toland (aged 40)

Michael J Walsh (aged 63)

Shareholder Enquiries  All shareholders’ enquiries should 
be addressed to the Registrar, Computershare Investor 
Services (Ireland) Limited, Heron House, Corrig Road, 
Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18. The Registrar can 
be contacted on telephone number  01 2475349 (within 
Ireland), 00353 1 247 5349 (outside Ireland), or by e-mail 
to webqueries@computershare.ie

Shareholders may check their accounts on the Company’s 
Share Register by accessing the Company’s website at 
www.glanbia.com, clicking on “Investors” and “Shareholder 
Information”. Shareholders may check their shareholdings, 
recent dividend payment details and can also download 
forms required to notify the Registrar 
of changes in their details.

Paul M Haran, Matthew Merrick and Michael Keane 
were appointed to the Board during the year and retire 
in accordance with the Articles of Association and, being 
eligible, offers themselves for re-election.

All are farmers and are Directors of Glanbia 
Co-Operative Society Limited with the exception 
of Paul M Haran, Jerry V Liston and Kevin E Toland.  

Board Committees
Audit Committee JE Callaghan-Chairman, HV Corbally, 
JG Fitzgerald, PM Haran, L Herlihy, JV Liston, EM Power, 
JV Quinlan.

Remuneration Committee JV Liston-Chairman, JE 
Callaghan, PM Haran, L Herlihy, JV Quinlan, MJ Walsh.

Nomination Committee MJ Walsh-Chairman, JE 
Callaghan, PM Haran, JV Liston.

Secretary and Registered Office  Michael Horan 
B. Comm, FCA, Glanbia House, Kilkenny, Ireland.

Registrar and Transfer Office  Computershare Investor 
Services (Ireland) Limited, Heron House, Corrig Road, 
Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, Ireland.
Telephone: +353 1 216 3100; Facsimile: +353 1 216 3151. 

Auditors  PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ballycar House, 
Newtown, Waterford, Ireland.

Principal Bankers ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Allied Irish 
Banks, p.l.c., Bank of Ireland, BNP Paribas S.A., Barclays 
Bank Ireland PLC, Citibank, N.A., IIB Bank Limited, National 
Irish Bank Limited, Rabobank Ireland plc, Ulster Bank 
Ireland Limited.

Solicitors  Arthur Cox, Earlsfort Centre, Earlsfort Terrace, 
Dublin 2, Ireland. Pinsent Masons, 3 Colmore Circus, 
Birmingham B4 6BH, United Kingdom. 

Stockbroker  J & E Davy, 49 Dawson Street, Dublin 2, 
Ireland.

41

R E P O R T   O F   T H E   D I R E C T O R S

Report of the Directors

Introduction
The Directors are pleased to present their report to share-
holders together with the audited financial statements for 
the year ended 31 December 2005.

Principal Activities
Glanbia plc is an international dairy, consumer foods and 
nutritional products company. It is principally engaged 
in the processing and marketing of cheese, dairy-based 
food ingredient and nutritional products; dairy-based 
consumer products and meat products; manufacture of 
animal feedstuffs and trading in agricultural products. 
Group processing operations are located in Ireland, the 
UK, Germany and the USA. Sales and marketing activities 
are undertaken in various European countries and in the 
USA, South America, Asia and Africa. The Group serves a 
broad customer base in the retail, food service and food 
and beverage processing sectors. The Group’s strategy 
is to build international relevance in cheese, nutritional 
ingredients and selected consumer foods, balancing 
its strong market positions in Ireland with an increasing 
presence in overseas markets. The Joint Ventures in Nigeria 
and the USA are central to this strategic development, as is 
the continuing development of its Nutritionals business.

Review of Business
The highlights of the results for the year were as follows:
•  Revenue increased by 4% to 21,830.0 million
•  Operating profit pre exceptional was down 7% 

to 280.6 million

•  Profit before tax pre exceptional, including share 
  of joint ventures and associates, was similar to 2004 
  at 268.7 million
•  Profit after tax pre exceptional increased marginally 

to 261.1 million

•  Operating margin pre exceptional declined 50 basis 

points to 4.4% (2004: 4.9%)

•  Share of results of joint ventures and associates, post 

interest and tax, went from a loss to a profit of 2932,000

•  Net exceptionals for the year amounted to 2521,000
•  Adjusted earnings per share was up 1% to 20.86 cent
•  Net debt at the year end was down 17% to 

2215.7 million

•  Capital and development expenditure was 271.6 million  

The Group Managing Director’s Review on pages 8 to 11 
outlines the trading environment and strategic vision of 
the Group. The Operations Review on pages 12 to 29 
includes analysis, by operational division, of the 2005 
results, trading environment and current business outlook 
of each business segment. The Finance Review outlines 
the financial results for 2005 including commentary on 
the financial ratios and Group balance sheet. 

Share Capital 
The authorised share capital of the Company is 
306,000,000 ordinary shares of 20.06 each. The issued 
share capital as at 31 December 2005 was 293,115,684 
and is currently 293,238,684 ordinary shares of 20.06 each.

Dividends
On 5 October 2005 an interim dividend of 2.27c per 
share on the ordinary shares amounting to 26.6 million 
was paid to shareholders on the register of members as 
at 9 September 2005. The Directors have recommended 
the payment of a final dividend of 3.24c per share on the 
ordinary shares which amounts to 29.5 million. Subject 
to shareholders approval this dividend will be paid on 
Monday, 22 May 2006 to shareholders on the register 
of members as at Friday, 21 April 2006, the record date.   

Employees
The Group’s 3,800 employees are the key to building 
sustainable growth and the Glanbia values of “Be the 
Best”, “People Matter”, “Find a Better Way” and “Pride 
in What We Do” are part of the everyday way of working 
in the organisation.

Research and Development
The Group is committed to an ongoing and extensive 
innovation programme to support a customer-led business 
and marketing approach. There is growing consumer 
awareness of the link between health and diet and 
Glanbia as a food group is committed to achieving the 
highest standards of best practice in relation to science 
based innovation. It is directed towards the development 
of technically superior dairy-based food ingredient 
and nutritional products, cheese, high value consumer 
food products, and the enhancement of proprietary 
technologies and processes. 

The Group opened a new innovation centre in Ireland 
in 2004 and in conjunction with the Idaho Centre of 
Excellence in the U.S.A. Glanbia’s nutritional business has 
developed and launched advanced, differentiated and 
branded ingredients targeted at a range of nutritional 
requirements such as weight management and immune 
enhancement.

Substantial Interests    
As at 17 February 2006, Glanbia Co-operative Society 
Limited held 54.7% of the Company’s issued ordinary 
shares. The Company has been advised that as at 17 
February 2006, Bank of Ireland Securities Services Limited 
had a notifiable interest in 7% of the Company’s issued 
ordinary shares. 

Directors’ and Secretary’s Share Interests
The interests of the Directors and Group Secretary and 
their spouses and minor children in the share capital of the 
Company, subsidiary companies and the holding society 
are disclosed in note 44 to the financial statements.

Corporate Governance
The Directors of the Company are committed to 
maintaining the highest standards of corporate governance 
and, in particular, have regard to the principles set out in 
the Combined Code on Corporate Governance published 
in July 2003. 

 
 
42

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Report of the Directors

The Board believes that, except in relation to the 
composition of the Board, the Audit and Remuneration 
Committees as noted below, the Company has complied 
throughout the financial period with the principles and 
provisions of the Combined Code on Corporate 
Governance. 

Directors
The Board The Board is responsible for the leadership and 
control of the Company. 

The Company is a subsidiary of Glanbia Co-operative 
Society Limited (“the Society”). The Society nominates 
from its Board of Directors, which is elected on a three-year 
basis, fourteen non-executive Directors for appointment to 
the Board of the Company. The Society, an Irish industrial 
and provident society, owns 54.7% of the share capital of 
the Company and many of its members supply milk and 
trade with Irish subsidiaries of the Company. The remaining 
Directors comprise three executive Directors and four 
additional non-executive Directors. Biographies of each 
of the Directors are set out on pages 38 and 39.

The Board considers that the Directors bring to the 
organisation the range of skills, common knowledge and 
experience, including international experience, necessary 
to lead the Company.

The Board agrees a schedule of regular meetings to 
be held in each financial year and also meets on other 
occasions as necessary. The Board has a formal schedule 
of matters reserved to it for decision such as the approval 
of annual and strategic business plans, capital expenditure, 
any change in Group strategy and any acquisition or 
disposal of Group assets, the approval of any dividends 
and Group treasury and risk management policies. 

All Directors have been advised of their fiduciary duties 
and of their obligation to bring an independent judgement 
to bear on the issues of strategy, performance, resources, 
including key appointments and standards of conduct. All 
Directors receive monthly Group financial statements and 
reports and full Board papers are sent to each Director in 
sufficient time before Board meetings. Any required further 
information is available to all Directors on request.

The roles of the Chairman and Group Managing Director 
are and always have been separate. The division of respon-
sibilities between the Chairman and Group Managing 
Director have been clearly established, set out in writing 
and agreed by the Board. The Chairman of the Company 
is Mr MJ Walsh. Mr Walsh was appointed as Chairman on 
9 June 2005 following the retirement of Mr TP Corcoran. 
The Chairman is responsible for the efficient and effective 
working of the Board. He ensures that Board agendas 
cover the key strategic issues confronting the Group and 
that Directors receive accurate, timely, clear and relevant 
information. While Mr Walsh holds a number of other 
directorships (see details on page 38) and farms at 
Coolroe, Graiguenamanagh, Co. Kilkenny, the Board 

considers that these do not interfere with the discharge 
of his duties to the Company. The Company has two Vice 
Chairmen, Mr L Herlihy and Mr JV Quinlan. Mr Quinlan was 
appointed Vice-Chairman on 9 June 2005.

Independence The Board has reviewed the independence 
of the non-executive Directors under the guidelines spec-
ified in the Combined Code. The Board considers Mr JE 
Callaghan, Mr P Haran and Mr JV Liston to be independent 
non-executive Directors. As noted earlier, fourteen of the 
remaining non-executive Directors are nominated by the 
Board of Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited for 
appointment to the Board of the Company. Additionally, 
Mr WG Murphy retired as Deputy Group Managing 
Director in September 2005 but remains on the Board 
as a non-executive Director. The Board considers that the 
fourteen Directors referred to above and Mr WG Murphy 
are independent of character and judgement, however, 
the Board recognises that these Directors do not meet 
the criteria for independence as specified in the 
Combined Code.

Mr Callaghan is the senior independent Director. As 
senior independent Director, Mr Callaghan is available to 
shareholders if they have concerns which contact through 
the normal channels have failed to resolve.

Information on professional development  All new 
Directors receive a full, formal and tailored induction 
on joining the Board. As part of this programme, major 
shareholders are offered an opportunity to meet new 
non-executive Directors. 

All Directors have access to independent professional 
advice at the Company’s expense where they judge it 
necessary to discharge their responsibilities as Directors. 
Committees are provided with sufficient resources to 
undertake their duties. 

During the year, all Directors were advised in relation to 
the implications of new regulations contained in the Market 
Abuse (Directive 2003/6/EC) Regulations 2005. 

Seven of the Directors nominated to the Board by Glanbia 
Co-operative Society Limited have completed the ICOS 
Diploma in Corporate Direction. 

All Directors have access to the advice and service of 
the Group Secretary who is responsible to the Board for 
ensuring that Board procedures are complied with. Both 
the appointment and approval of the Group Secretary 
is a matter for the Board.

Performance Evaluation  During the year a performance 
evaluation has been conducted of the Board, its 
Committees and individual Directors which was led 
by the Chairman. 

In completing the performance evaluation, the Chairman 
met with each Director individually to discuss the 

43

R E P O R T   O F   T H E   D I R E C T O R S

performance of the Board and individual Directors. 
In advance of the meetings, the Chairman circulated 
a comprehensive questionnaire to Directors for their 
consideration and encouraged the Directors to raise any 
other issues on Board matters during the meetings. Based 
on the verbal and written feedback from the Directors, 
the Chairman then prepared a report for the Board summ-
arising the outcome of the performance evaluation process 
and recommending a number of actions. 

of the Company and, being eligible, offer themselves for 
re-appointment. Biographical details of Directors offering 
themselves for re-appointment are set out on pages 38 and 
39. None of the Directors proposed for re-appointment 
has a service contract with the Company. The Chairman 
wishes to confirm that following the completion of the 
performance evaluation process all Directors proposed for 
re-election continue to be effective and these Directors 
continue to demonstrate commitment to their roles. 

The performance of the Chairman was considered at a 
meeting of the Directors which was chaired by Mr JE 
Callaghan, the Senior Independent Director. 

The Audit Committee, Nomination Committee and 
Remuneration Committee evaluated their performance 
at specific meetings held for that purpose.

Board Committees
The Board has established a committee structure to assist 
it in the discharge of its responsibilities. The committees 
and their membership are detailed on page 40 of this 
report. All committees of the Board have written terms of 
reference dealing with their role and authority delegated 
by the Board and are available on the Group’s website at 
www.glanbia.com. Membership of the Nomination, Audit 
and Remuneration Committees is comprised exclusively of 
non-executive Directors. The Group Secretary acts as 
secretary of each of these committees.

Nomination Committee As noted earlier, fourteen 
non-executive Directors are nominated by the Board 
of Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited (“the Society”) 
for appointment to the Board of the Company. For the 
remaining non-executive and executive Directors, the 
Nomination Committee of the Company leads the process 
for Board appointments. The Chairman of the Group chairs 
meetings of the Nomination Committee except when 
it is dealing with the appointment of a successor to the 
Chairmanship. 

The appointment to the Board of non-executive Directors 
nominated by the Society is subject to and co-terminus 
with their appointment as Directors of the Society and 
is further subject to their removal as Directors under the 
Articles of Association. The remaining non-executive 
Directors are appointed to the Board on the basis of a 
3-year term which may be renewed and are also subject 
to early removal under the Articles. 

All Directors are subject to election by shareholders at the 
first Annual General Meeting after their appointment and 
to re-election thereafter at intervals of no more than three 
years. In accordance with the Articles of Association of the 
Company, Messrs HV Corbally, EP Fitzpatrick, JA Gilsenan, 
L Herlihy, JV Liston, EM Power, KE Toland and MJ Walsh 
retire from the Board by rotation and, being eligible, offer 
themselves for re-appointment. Messrs P Haran, M Keane 
and M Merrick who were appointed as Directors on 9 June 
2005 retire in accordance with the Articles of Association 

The Nomination Committee did not use an external search 
consultancy or open advertising in the appointment of 
the new non-executive Directors. Messrs M Keane and M 
Merrick were appointed by the Board of the Society for 
appointment to the Board. The Nomination Committee 
used industry and professional contacts to identify suitable 
candidates for the appointment of an independent director 
and following this process, Mr P Haran was recommended 
to and appointed to the Board.

The Nomination Committee also considered and 
recommended the appointment of Mr MJ Walsh as 
Chairman of the Company, the appointment of Mr JV 
Quinlan as Vice-Chairman and the continuation of Mr L 
Herlihy as Vice-Chairman.  It is the custom and practice 
that the Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Society are 
also Chairman and Vice-Chairmen of the Company. 
On an ongoing basis, the Nomination Committee gives 
consideration to succession planning for Directors and 
other senior executives.

The terms and conditions of appointment of non-executive 
Directors are available for inspection at the Company’s 
registered office during normal business hours and at the 
Annual General Meeting of the Company. 

The Group Chairman, Mr MJ Walsh is Chairman of the 
Nomination Committee and he reports to the Board after 
each meeting of the Committee. 

Audit Committee The main role and responsibilities 
of the Audit Committee are set out in written terms of 
reference which are available on the Group’s website at 
www.glanbia.com and include:
•  to monitor the integrity of the financial statements of the 
Company, and any formal announcements relating to the 
Company’s financial performance, reviewing significant 
financial reporting judgements contained in them;

•  to review the Company’s internal financial controls and, 
unless expressly addressed by a separate board risk 
committee composed of independent directors, or by 
the board itself, to review the Company’s internal control 
and risk management systems;

•  to monitor and review the effectiveness of the Company’s 

internal audit function;

•  to make recommendations to the Board, for it to put to 

the shareholders for their approval in general meeting, in 
relation to the appointment, re-appointment and removal 
of the external auditor and to approve the remuneration 
and terms of engagement of the external auditor;

44

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Report of the Directors

•  to review and monitor the external auditor’s inde-

pendence and objectivity and the effectiveness of the 
audit process, taking into consideration relevant Irish 
professional and regulatory requirements;

•  to develop and implement policy on the engagement of 
the external auditor to supply non-audit services, taking 
into account relevant ethical guidance regarding the 
provision of non-audit services by the external audit firm; 
and to report to the board, identifying any matters in 
respect of which it considers that action or improvement 
is needed and making recommendations as to the steps 
to be taken;

•  to review the arrangements by which staff of the 

Company may, in confidence, raise concerns about 
possible improprieties in matters of financial reporting or 
other matters; and

•  to monitor and review the effectiveness of the Group’s 
controls in relation to the Group’s compliance under 
the new Market Abuse (Directive 2003/6/EC) 
Regulations 2005. 

In discharging its responsibilities the Audit Committee met 
six times during the period. It reviewed the interim and 
final results for the Group prior to their submission to the 
Board for approval. It approved the internal audit plan and 
reviewed progress against this plan at intervals during the 
year. The Chairman of the Audit Committee received an 
executive summary of all audit reports issued by the 
internal audit department and maintains dialogue with 
the Group internal auditor on a regular basis. The Audit 
Committee reviewed the independence of the external 
auditors and reviewed the policy of the Company in 
relation to the provision of non-audit services by the 
external auditors. 

Mr JE Callaghan is Chairman of the Audit Committee 
and he reports to the Board after each meeting of the 
Committee.

Remuneration Committee The Remuneration Committee 
determines, on behalf of the Board, the Company’s frame-
work of executive remuneration and the specific packages 
and conditions of employment for each of the executive 
Directors and certain senior executives, as decided by 
the Board. The Committee consults the Group Managing 
Director regarding remuneration proposals and obtains 
internal and external professional advice as deemed 
appropriate. The Remuneration Committee operates 
the Company’s Share Option and Long Term Incentive 
Schemes.

The remuneration of the non-executive Directors is 
determined by the Remuneration Committee within the 
total amount approved by the Company’s shareholders in 
general meeting from time to time.

The terms of reference of the Remuneration Committee, 
including its role and the authority delegated to it by 
the Board are available on the Group’s website at www.
glanbia.com. Mr JV Liston is Chairman of the Remuneration 

Committee and formally reports to the Board after each 
meeting of the Committee.

Remuneration
Remuneration Policy Remuneration policy is based on 
attracting, retaining and motivating executives to ensure 
that they perform in the best interests of the Company 
and its shareholders. Performance related elements 
of remuneration form a significant proportion of the 
total remuneration package of executive Directors. The 
Remuneration Committee obtains external advice on 
remuneration in comparable companies as necessary 
and has given full consideration to the Combined Code. 

Currently the components of the remuneration package 
for executive Directors are basic salary and benefits, 
performance-related annual bonus, participation in the 
Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) and participation in a 
defined benefit pension scheme. Executive Directors also 
participate in the share option scheme of the Company 
which expired in August 1998. 

Basic Salaries and Benefits The basic salaries of executive 
Directors are reviewed annually having regard to personal 
performance, competitive market practice or where a 
change of responsibility occurs. Benefits-in-kind consist 
principally of a company car. No fees are payable to 
executive Directors.

Performance-Related Annual Bonus The Group operates a 
performance-related bonus scheme for executive Directors, 
senior executives and other management. Payments under 
the scheme for executive Directors depend on the achieve-
ment of pre-determined goals for Group performance and 
an assessment of individual performance against agreed 
objectives.

Long Term Incentive Plan In 2002 the shareholders 
approved the introduction of a Long Term Incentive Plan 
(“2002 LTIP”) for selected Group employees in order to 
further align the interests of key Group personnel with 
those of shareholders. Under the 2002 LTIP options cannot 
be exercised before the expiration of three years from the 
date of grant and can only be exercised if a predetermined 
performance criterion for the Company has been achieved. 
The performance criterion is that there has been an increase 
in the adjusted earnings per share of the Company of at 
least the increase in the Consumer Price Index plus 5% 
compounded over a three-year period. 

To encourage participating executives to hold the shares 
issued to them on the exercise of their options, share 
awards specified as a percentage of the shares held will 
be made on the second and fifth anniversary of the 
exercise of the option. The number of shares which may 
be the subject of such awards may not exceed 20% and 
10% of the number of shares so held on the respective 
anniversaries.

Benefits under the 2002 LTIP are not pensionable.

45

R E P O R T   O F   T H E   D I R E C T O R S

Employee Savings – Related Share Options Scheme
In 2002 the shareholders approved the introduction of 
an employee Savings-Related Share Option (“Sharesave”) 
Scheme. In 2002 options were granted over 2,988,622 
ordinary shares under the Sharesave Scheme. During 
the year, 1,370,464 ordinary shares were transferred to 
employees of the Company who exercised their options 
under the Scheme. Options over 109,913 ordinary shares 
remained unexercised at 31 December 2005.

Pension Benefits Pension benefits for executive Directors 
are calculated on basic salary only. Benefits, which are 
agreed on appointment, are designed to provide two-
thirds of basic salary at retirement for full service.

Service Contracts No Director has a service contract with 
a notice period in excess of one year or with provisions 
for pre-determined compensation on termination which 
exceeds one year’s salary and benefits-in-kind.

Details of Directors’ emoluments and attributable pension 
benefits are set out in note 10 and details of Directors’ 
shareholdings and share options are included in note 44 
to the financial statements.

Other Directorships Mr WG Murphy, the former Deputy 
Group Managing Director of the Company, is a Director 
of IAWS Group plc, for which he received fees of 246,250
which he retained. The Group Managing Director, Mr JJ 
Moloney, is a Director of the Irish Dairy Board for which 
he received fees of 212,000 which he retained.

Share Options As noted above, in 2002 the shareholders 
approved the introduction of a Long Term Incentive 
Plan (“2002 LTIP”) and Savings-Related Share Option 
(“Sharesave”) Scheme in order to further align the interests 
of Group personnel with those of shareholders. Options 
outstanding under the Company’s 1988 Share Option 
Scheme, the LTIP and the Sharesave Scheme as at 31 
December 2005 amounted to 3,116,913 ordinary shares 
(1 January 2005: 5,122,070) made up as shown in the
table below.

As detailed in note 28 to the financial statements at 31 
December 2005 364,485 ordinary shares were held in an 
employee benefit trust for the purpose of the Sharesave 
Scheme (“the Employees’ Share Trust”). 

1 Guidance for Directors, Internal Control: Guidance for Directors 
on the Combined Code (the “Turnbull guidance”) published in 
September 1999.

Accountability and Audit
Financial Reporting Directors’ responsibilities for preparing 
the financial statements for the Company and the Group 
are detailed on page 48 of this report. The Independent 
Auditors report details the respective responsibilities of 
Directors and Auditors. 

Going Concern After making enquiries the Directors have 
a reasonable expectation that the Company and the Group 
have adequate resources to continue in operation and 
existence for the foreseeable future, and accordingly they 
continue to adopt a Going Concern basis in preparing 
the financial statements.

International Financial Reporting Standards It has 
become mandatory for all EU listed companies to report 
their consolidated financial statements under International 
Financial Reporting Standards ”(IFRS)“ for accounting 
periods commencing on or after 1 January 2005. This 
applies to the Group for these financial statements. A full 
restatement of the 2004 financial statements was published 
with the interim results in July 2005 and is available on the 
Group’s website at www.glanbia.com.

Internal Control The Directors are required by the 
Combined Code to maintain a sound system of internal 
control to safeguard shareholders’ investment and the 
Group’s assets. 

The Board confirms that there are ongoing procedures for 
identifying, evaluating and managing significant risks faced 
by the Group. These, or their equivalent, have been in 
place for the year covered in this Annual Report and 
Financial Statements and up to the date of its approval and 
are themselves regularly reviewed by the Board and accord 
with the Turnbull guidance which the Board has fully 
adopted. The Board has also reviewed the effectiveness 
of the current system of internal control specifically for 
the purposes of this statement.

While acknowledging its responsibility for the system 
of internal control, the Board is aware that such a system 
is designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of 
failure to achieve business objectives, and can only provide 
reasonable and not absolute assurance against material 
misstatement or loss. 

The risk appetite of the Group is set by the Board. 
The strategy for managing risk is formulated by the Group 
Executive Committee, a management committee chaired 
by the Group Managing Director 1, and recommended to 
the Board.

Share option scheme 

and 2002 LTIP 

Sharesave Scheme

Total 

No of Ordinary Shares 

Price Range 

3,007,000 

21.55 – 24.25 

GBP£2.90 

Dates

Exercisable

2006 - 2014

2006 - 2008

109,913 

21.20 – GBP£0.764 

January to March 2006

3,116,913

 
 
 
 
 
46

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Report of the Directors

In judging the effectiveness of the Group’s controls, the 
Board monitors the reports of the Audit Committee and 
management. Without diminishing its own responsibilities 
the Board has delegated certain acts to the Audit 
Committee. These include detailed reviews of key risks 
inherent in the business and of the systems for managing 
these risks. The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports 
to the Board after each meeting of the Committee.

The Group’s control systems include:
•  a Code of Conduct that defines a set of agreed 

standards and guidelines for corporate behaviour;
•  an organisational structure with clearly defined lines 

of responsibility and delegation of authority;

•  appropriate terms of reference for Board committees 

with responsibility for policy areas;

•  a formal schedule of matters specifically referred to 

the Board for its decision;

•  a comprehensive system of financial reporting to the 

Board, based on an annual budget with monthly reports 
against actual results, analysis of variances, review of 
key performance indicators and regular re-forecasting;

•  clearly defined guidelines for capital expenditure, 
including detailed budgeting, appraisal and post-
investment review;

rate exposures of the Group are managed within 

  defined parameters;
•  a Group-wide risk assessment process which is 

maintained by Business Unit Management reporting
to the Group Executive and Board as required;
•  a Group Internal Audit function operating globally 
which monitors and supports the internal financial 
control system and reports to the Audit Committee and 
management. Internal audit work is focused on the areas 
of greatest risk to the Group determined on the basis 
of a risk management approach to audit; and

•  the Audit Committee, a formally constituted committee 
of the Board comprising non-executive Directors only, 
meets with internal and external auditors to satisfy 
itself that control procedures are in place and are 
being followed.

Finally the Directors, through the use of appropriate 
procedures and systems, have ensured that measures are in 
place to secure compliance with the Company’s obligation 
to keep proper books of account. These books of account 
are kept at the registered office of the Company.

Column A indicates the number of meetings held during the 

period the Director was a member of the Board and / or 

•  a Group Financial Management Manual that clearly 

Committee. Column B indicates the number of meetings attended 

sets out the accounting policies and financial control 
procedures to be followed by Business Units;

•  a Treasury Risk Management policy approved by the 

during the period the Director was a member of the Board and /

or the Committee.

Board which ensures that foreign exchange and interest 

* Retired 9 June 2005  **Appointed 9 June 2005

Attendance at Board and Board Committee Meetings during the year ended 31 December 2005

        Board 

        Audit 
    Committee 

   Nomination   
    Committee 

 Remuneration
   Committee

MJ Walsh 
L Herlihy 
JV Quinlan 
JJ Moloney 
JE Callaghan 
HV Corbally 
T P Corcoran* 
JG Fitzgerald 
EP Fitzpatrick 
JA Gilsenan 
P Haran** 
T Heffernan* 
CL Hill 
M Keane** 
JV Liston 
GJ Meagher 
M Merrick** 
JJ Miller 
WG Murphy 
M Parsons 
EM Power 
GE Stanley 
KE Toland 

A 

14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
7 
14 
14 
14 
7 
7 
14 
7 
14 
14 
7 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 
14 

B 

14 
14 
14 
13 
13 
14 
7 
14 
14 
13 
7 
6 
12 
7 
11 
14 
7 
14 
13 
14 
14 
14 
6

A 

3 
6 
3 

6 
3 

3 

3 

6 

3 

6 
3 

B 

3 
6 
3 

6 
3 

2 

2 

6 

3 

4 
3 

A 

1 

7 

5 

1 

7 

B 

1 

7 

5 

1 

6 

A 

3 
3 
1 

3 

1 

1 

3 

B

3
3
1

3

1

1

3

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
47

R E P O R T   O F   T H E   D I R E C T O R S

Financial Risk Management
A comprehensive analysis on the financial risk management 
objectives and policies of the Company and the Group 
including the policy for hedging each major type of fore-
casted transaction for which hedge accounting is used, and 
the exposure of the Company and the Group to price risk, 
credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow risk is contained in 
notes 3, 32 and 38 to the financial statements.

Relations with Shareholders Dialogue with Institutional 
Shareholders. The Company has dialogue with institutional 
shareholders during the year and immediately following the 
announcement of the half-year and full-year results; the 
Company presents these results to investors and analysts. 
The Chairman discusses governance and strategy with 
major shareholders. Non-executive Directors are offered 
an opportunity to attend meetings with major shareholders. 
The Senior Independent Director has also attended meet-
ings with major shareholders. The Company responds to 
enquiries from all shareholders and welcomes their 
attendance at the Annual General Meeting.

The Group’s website, www.glanbia.com, provides the full 
text of the Annual and Interim Reports and presentations to 
analysts and investors through the Investors Section. Stock 
Exchange announcements are also made available in the 
Investors Section of the website, after release to the Stock 
Exchange.

Annual General Meeting The Notice of the 2005 Annual 
General Meeting was despatched to shareholders not less 
than 20 working days before the meeting. Separate reso-
lutions were proposed at the meeting on each substan tially 
separate issue, including a resolution to receive and con-
sider the 2004 financial statements and the reports of the 
Directors and Auditors thereon. The Chairmen of the 
Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee and the 
Remuneration Committee were present. The level of 
proxy votes for and against was announced after each 
resolution had been passed on a show of hands. 

Subsidiary and Associated Undertakings
A list of the principal subsidiary and associated under-
takings is included in note 45 to the financial statements.

Auditors
The auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers have expressed 
their willingness to continue in office in accordance with 
Section 160(2) of the Companies Act, 1963.

Special Business at the Annual General Meeting
Notice of the 2006 Annual General Meeting with details of the 
special business to be considered at the meeting is set out in 
a separate circular which is enclosed with this Annual Report.

Disapplication of Pre-Emption Rights, Purchase of 
Company Shares and Treasury Shares
Under the second item of special business, shareholders 
are being asked to renew the authority to disapply the 
strict statutory pre-emption provisions in the event of 
a rights issue or in any other issue up to an aggregate 
amount of 2765,678.96 in nominal value of ordinary 
shares, representing 4.4% of the nominal value of the 
Company’s issued ordinary share capital for the time
being. This authority will expire on the earlier of the 
close of business on 15 August 2007 or the date of 
the Annual General Meeting of the Company in 2007. 

At the last Annual General Meeting of the Company 
shareholders passed a resolution to give the Company, or 
any of its subsidiaries, the authority to purchase up to 10% 
of its own shares. This authority will expire on 16 May 2006. 
Under the third item of special business, shareholders are 
being asked to extend this authority until the earlier of the 
close of business on 15 August 2007 or the date of the 
Annual General Meeting of the Company in 2007. While 
the Directors do not have any current intention to exercise 
this power, this authority is being sought as it is common 
practice for public companies. 

Shareholders are also being asked under the fourth item 
of special business to pass a resolution authorising the 
Company to reissue such shares purchased by it and not 
cancelled as treasury shares. Such purchases would be 
made only at price levels which it considered to be in the 
best interests of the shareholders generally, after taking 
into account the Company’s overall financial position. 
Furthermore the authority being sought from shareholders 
will provide that the minimum price which may be paid for 
such shares shall not be less than the nominal value of the 
shares and the maximum price will be 105% of the then 
market price of such shares. 

Alteration of Articles of Association Under the fifth 
item of special business, shareholders are being asked 
to amend the Articles of Association of the Company to 
permit the use of electronic communications. None of the 
changes proposed will force either the Company or an 
individual shareholder to send or receive documents or 
notices by electronic mail. They merely permit this to occur 
where appropriate and where both the Company and the 
relevant shareholder agrees. Shareholders will be notified 
with full information when the Company proposes to allow 
electronic communications. A copy of the draft proposed 
new Articles of Association containing all of the amend-
ments required to permit the use of electronic comm-
unications is available for inspection at the registered 
office of the Company and on the Company’s website 
at www.glanbia.com.

Authority to allot shares Under the first item of special 
business, shareholders are being asked to renew the 
Directors’ authority to allot relevant securities, within the 
meaning of Section 20 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 
1983, up to an aggregate nominal amount of 2765,678.96.

On behalf of the Board
Michael J Walsh  Chairman
John J Moloney  Group Managing Director
28 February 2006

48

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Report of the Directors

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
The Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual 
Report and the financial statements in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and 
IFRIC interpretations endorsed by the European Union 
and with those parts of the Companies Act, 1963 to 2005 
applicable to companies reporting under IFRS and Article 
4 of the IAS Regulation.

Irish company law requires the Directors to prepare 
financial statements for each financial year which give a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company 
and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for 
that period. In preparing these financial statements, the 
Directors are required to:
•  select suitable accounting policies and then apply 

them consistently;

•  make judgments and estimates that are reasonable 
  and prudent;
•  state that the financial statements comply with IFRS; and
•  prepare the financial statements on the going concern 
basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the 
Group will continue in business. 

The Directors confirm that they have complied with the 
above requirements in preparing the financial statements.
The Directors are responsible for keeping proper books of 
account that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time 
the financial position of the Company and enable them 
to ensure that the financial statements are prepared in 
accordance with IFRS and IFRIC interpretations endorsed 
by the European Union and with those parts of the 
Companies Act, 1963 to 2005 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation.

They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets 
of the Company and the Group and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection 
of fraud and other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and 
integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company’s website. Legislation in the Republic 
of Ireland governing the preparation and dissemination 
of financial statements may differ from legislation 
in other jurisdictions.

Financial Statements – contents

Page

50

Independent auditors’ report: to the members of Glanbia plc 

5 1

Consolidated income statement 

52

Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense

53

Consolidated balance sheet

54

Consolidated cash flow statement

55

Company balance sheet

56

Company statement of recognised income and expense and cash flow statement

57
57

63

64

65

68

7 1

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

8 1

82

83

84

85

86

87

Notes to the financial statements

1 General information

2  Summary of significant accounting policies

3  Financial risk management

4  Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

5  Effects of IFRS implementation

6  Segment information

7  Operating profit

8  Exceptional items

9  Employee benefit expense

10  Directors’ remuneration

11  Finance income and costs 

12  Taxation

13  Discontinued operations

14  Earnings per share

15  Dividends

16  Property, plant and equipment

17  Intangible assets

18  Investments in associates

19  Investments in joint ventures

20  Investments

21  Trade and other receivables

22  Inventories

23  Cash and cash equivalents

24  Reconciliation of changes in equity

25  Share capital

26  Other reserves

27  Retained earnings

28  Own shares

88

29  Capital reserves

30  Merger reserve

31  Minority interests

32  Borrowings

90

92

93

94

33  Deferred income taxes

34  Retirement benefit obligations

35  Provisions for other liabilities and charges

36  Capital grants

37  Trade and other payables

38  Derivative financial instruments

95

39  Contingent liabilities

40  Commitments

96

41  Cash generated from operations

42  Business combinations

43  Related party transactions

44  Directors’ and Secretary’s interests

45  Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings

97

99

102

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Independent auditors’ report: to the members of Glanbia plc

We have audited the Group and Parent Company financial 
statements (the “financial statements”) of Glanbia plc for the 
year ended 31 December 2005, which comprise the consolidated 
income statement, the consolidated and Parent Company 
balance sheets, the consolidated and Parent Company cash flow 
statements, the consolidated and Parent Company statement of 
recognised income and expense and the related notes. These 
financial statements have been prepared under the accounting 
policies set out therein. 

We read the other information contained in the Annual Report 
and consider whether it is consistent with the audited financial 
statements. The other information comprises only the Directors’ 
Report, the Chairman’s Statement, the Group Managing 
Director’s Report, the Operating Review and the Financial Review. 
We consider the implications for our report if we become aware 
of any apparent misstatements or material inconsistencies with 
the financial statements. Our responsibilities do not extend to 
any other information.

Respective responsibilities of Directors and auditors
The Directors’ responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report 
and the financial statements, in accordance with applicable Irish 
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as 
adopted by the European Union, are set out in the Statement 
of Directors’ Responsibilities.

Our responsibility is to audit the financial statements in 
accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and 
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). This report, 
including the opinion, has been prepared for and only for the 
Company’s members as a body in accordance with Section 193 
of the Companies Act, 1990 and for no other purpose. We do 
not, in giving this opinion, accept or assume responsibility for 
any other purpose or to any other person to whom this report 
is shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly 
agreed by our prior consent in writing.

We report to you our opinion as to whether the Group financial 
statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs 
as adopted by the European Union. We report to you our 
opinion as to whether the Parent financial statements give a 
true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
European Union, as applied in accordance with the provisions 
of the Companies Acts 1963 to 2005. We also report to you 
whether the financial statements have been properly prepared 
in accordance with Irish statute comprising the Companies 
Acts, 1963 to 2005 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. We state 
whether we have obtained all the information and explanations 
we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit, and 
whether the financial statements are in agreement with the 
books of account. We also report to you our opinion as to:

•  whether the Company has kept proper books of account;
•  whether the Directors’ Report is consistent with the financial 

statements; and

•   whether at the balance sheet date there existed a financial 
situation which may require the Company to convene an 
extraordinary general meeting of the Company; such a 
financial situation may exist if the net assets of the Company, 
as stated in the Company balance sheet, are not more than 
half of its called-up share capital.

We also report to you if, in our opinion, any information 
specified by law or the Listing Rules of the Irish Stock Exchange 
regarding Directors’ remuneration and Directors’ transactions is 
not disclosed and, where practicable, include such information 
in our report.

We review whether the Corporate Governance Statement which 
is included in the Directors’ Report, reflects the Company’s 
compliance with the nine provisions of the 2003 FRC Combined 
Code specified for our review by the Listing Rules of the Irish 
Stock Exchange, and we report if it does not. We are not 
required to consider whether the Board’s statements on internal 
control cover all risks and controls, or form an opinion on the 
effectiveness of the Group’s corporate governance procedures 
or its risk and control procedures.

Basis of audit opinion  We conducted our audit in accordance 
with International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) 
issued by the Auditing Practices Board. An audit includes 
examination, on a test basis, of evidence relevant to the amounts 
and disclosures in the financial statements. It also includes an 
assessment of the significant estimates and judgments made 
by the Directors in the preparation of the financial statements, 
and of whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the 
Group’s and Company’s circumstances, consistently applied and 
adequately disclosed.

We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the 
information and explanations which we considered necessary 
in order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give reasonable 
assurance that the financial statements are free from material 
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity 
or error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall 
adequacy of the presentation of information in the 
financial statements.

Opinion  In our opinion:
• 

the Group financial statements give a true and fair view, 
in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, 
of the state of the Group’s affairs as at 31 December 2005 
and of its profit and of its cash flows for the year then ended;
the Parent Company financial statements give a true and fair 
view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European 
Union, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the 
Companies Acts 1963 to 2005, of the state of the Parent 
Company’s affairs as at 31 December 2005 and cash flows 
for the year then ended;
the financial statements have been properly prepared in 
accordance with the Companies Acts, 1963 to 2005 and 
Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. 

• 

• 

We have obtained all the information and explanations which 
we consider necessary for the purposes of our audit. In our 
opinion proper books of account have been kept by the 
Company. The Company balance sheet is in agreement with 
the books of account.

In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ Report 
is consistent with the financial statements.

The net assets of the Company, as stated in the Company 
balance sheet are more than half of the amount of its called-up 
share capital and, in our opinion, on that basis there did not 
exist at 31 December 2005 a financial situation which under 
Section 40 (1) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1983 would 
require the convening of an extraordinary general meeting 
of the Company.

PricewaterhouseCoopers
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
Waterford
28 February 2006

Consolidated income statement
for the year ended 31 December 2005

51

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

E x c e p t i o n a l
2 0 0 5
3’000

To t a l
2 0 0 5
3’000

P r e -
e x c e p t i o n a l
2 0 0 4
3’000

E x c e p t i o n a l
2 0 0 4
3’000

P r e -
e x c e p t i o n a l
2 0 0 5
3’000

1,830,012
(1,590,049)

239,963

(94,743)
(64,651)

-
-

-

1,830,012
(1,590,049)

1,753,645
(1,529,413)

239,963

224,232

-
(1,110)

(94,743)
(65,761)

(77,857)
(60,118)

80,569

(1,110)

79,459

86,257

4,209
(16,995)

-
(5,304)

4,209
(22,299)

3,033
(8,756)

932

-

932

(1,523)

(6,414)
6,935

62,301
(657)

79,011
(8,386)

61,644

70,625

68,715
(7,592)

61,123

-

61,123

521

-

521

To t a l
2 0 0 4
3’000

1,753,645
(1,529,413)

224,232

(77,857)
(57,223)

89,152

3,033
(8,756)

(1,523)

81,906
(8,386)

73,520

-
-

-

-
2,895

2,895

-
-

-

2,895
-

2,895

-

-

(1,601)

(1,601)

61,644

70,625

1,294

71,919

61,327
-
317
61,644

21.04
-
21.04

20.96
-
20.96

61,119
10,387
413
71,919

21.58
(0.55)
21.03

21.47
(0.55)
20.92

Revenue
Cost of sales

Gross profit

Distribution expenses
Administration expenses

Operating profit 

Finance income
Finance costs (note)
Share of results of joint ventures 
  and associates

Profit before taxation (note)
Income taxes

Profit after taxation (note)
Loss for the year from 
  discontinued operations

Profit for the year (note)

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Parent
Non-equity minority interest
Equity minority interest

Basic earnings per share (cent)
— Continuing operations
— Discontinued operations

Diluted earnings per share (cent)
— Continuing operations
— Discontinued operations

Notes

6

8

7

11
11

12

13

14

14

Note:
The prior year comparative figures have been restated in line with the Group’s transition to IFRS on 4 January 2004, with the exception of IAS 
32 and IAS 39, which were implemented from 2 January 2005. Accordingly, interest on preferred securities and preference shares is shown in 
the income statement as part of finance cost for 2005 and as non-equity minority interest for 2004. When adjusted for this item, the profit after 
taxation, pre-exceptional items for 2005 was 361.1 million compared to 360.2 million for 2004.

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

52

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Consolidated statement of recognised income and expense
for the year ended 31 December 2005

Actuarial loss — defined benefit schemes
Deferred tax on pension loss
Currency translation differences
Fair value adjustments

Net expense recognised directly in equity
Profit for the year

Notes

34
33
24
24

2 0 0 5
3’000

(42,303)
4,054
(3,042)
(3,465)

(44,756)
61,644

2 0 0 4
3’000

(45,755)
5,059
(5,257)
-

(45,953)
71,919

Total recognised income for the year

16,888

25,966

Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Parent
Non-equity minority interest
Equity minority interest

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

16,571
-
317

21,254
4,299
413

16,888

25,966

53

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Consolidated balance sheet
as at 31 December 2005

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in associates
Investments in joint ventures
Available for sale investments
Other investments
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Deferred tax assets

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents (note)

Total assets

EQUITY
Issued capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the Parent
Share capital
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Equity minority interest
Non-equity minority interest (note)

LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings (note)
Deferred tax liabilities
Retirement benefit obligations
Provisions for other liabilities and charges
Capital grants

Current liabilities
Borrowings (note)
Provisions for other liabilities and charges
Trade and other payables
Current tax liabilities
Derivative financial instruments

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

16
17
18
19
20
20
21
38
33

22
21
38
23

25
26
27

31
31
24

32
33
34
35
36

32
35
37

38

332,003
57,963
11,090
59,832
29,511
-
56,874
1,825
15,869
564,967

144,250
143,610
1,125
104,405
393,390

302,057
36,698
10,918
48,281
-
28,672
51,942
-
12,299
490,867

133,419
172,622
-
51,625
357,666

958,357

848,533

97,964
117,059
(97,604)
117,419
6,299
-
123,718

319,727
34,471
165,016
6,072
14,855
540,141

330
8,433
278,583
4,605
2,547
294,498
834,639

95,208
116,414
(97,797)
113,825
6,085
110,384
230,294

198,682
30,375
126,676
5,348
15,276
376,357

3,509
1,291
228,901
8,181
-
241,882
618,239

958,357

848,533

Note:
The prior year comparative figures have been restated in line with the Group’s transition to IFRS on 4 January 2004, with the 
exception of IAS 32 and IAS 39, which were implemented from 2 January 2005. This impacts the presentation of net borrowings 
which when adjusted for this item, were 3215.7 million at 31 December 2005 and 3260.9 million at 1 January 2005.

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

54

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Consolidated cash flow statement
for the year ended 31 December 2005

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest received
Interest paid
Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Purchase of available for sale investments
Disposal of subsidiary, net of cash disposed
Disposal of available for sale investments
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
Sharesave Scheme — receipt from Trustee
Repayment of borrowings
Finance lease principal payments
Dividends paid to Company’s shareholders
Repayment of minority interest
Capital grants received
Dividends paid to minority interests

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Notes

41

25

15

31

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

162,905
670
(23,177)
(3,777)

83,447
573
(11,439)
(4,955)

136,621

67,626

(19,366)
(46,979)
(5,214)
(147)
14,394
4,418

(10,157)
(60,946)
(55,211)
83,277
-
1,409

(52,894)

(41,628)

731
2,191
(20,242)
(519)
(15,612)
(7)
772
-

215
-
(8,513)
(612)
(14,814)
-
-
(9,674)

(32,686)

(33,398)

51,041

(7,400)

51,625
1,739

59,775
(750)

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

23

104,405

51,625

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

55

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Company balance sheet
as at 31 December 2005

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Investments in associates
Other investments

Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

EQUITY
Issued capital and reserves attributable to equity holders of the Company
Share capital
Retained earnings
Capital reserve

LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

Notes

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

18
20

21
23

25
27
29

32

37

1,395
510,469
511,864

934
16,281
17,215

1,395
512,174
513,569

1,481
1,507
2,988

529,079

516,557

453,232
47,437
4,503
505,172

450,476
39,085
4,624
494,185

3,397

3,397

20,510

18,975

23,907

22,372

529,079

516,557

56

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Company statement of recognised income and expense 
and cash flow statement 
for the year ended 31 December 2005

Company statement of recognised income and expense

Profit for the year

Total recognised income for the year

Company cash flow statement

Cash flows from/(funds absorbed by) operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest received
Interest paid

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

23,964

28,470

23,964

28,470

2 0 0 5
3’000

8,281
2,053
-

2 0 0 4
3’000

(8,858)
-
(98)

Notes

41

Net cash from/(used in) operating activities

10,334

(8,956)

Cash flows from investing activities
Disposal of available for sale investments
Dividends received

Net cash from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
Sharesave Scheme — receipt from Trustee
Dividends paid to Company’s shareholders

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

916
16,214

5,401
19,528

17,130

24,929

25

15

731
2,191
(15,612)

215
-
(14,814)

(12,690)

(14,599)

14,774

1,507

1,374

133

1,507

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

23

16,281

As permitted by Section 148(8) of the Companies Act 1963, a separate income statement for the Parent Company, Glanbia plc, has 
not been included in these financial statements. The profit for the year dealt with in the financial statements of Glanbia plc, amounts to 
223,964,000 (2004: 228,470,000).

On behalf of the Board
MJ Walsh JJ Moloney GJ Meagher
Directors

57

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

Notes to the financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2005

1  General information
  Glanbia plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (together “the Group”) is an international dairy, consumer foods and nutritional 

products group with operations in Ireland, Europe, the USA and Nigeria. Business units are structured around developing the Group’s 
strategic focus on the consumer foods, food ingredients and nutritionals markets.

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in Ireland. The address of its registered office is 
Glanbia House, Kilkenny, Ireland. 

The Company’s shares are quoted on the Dublin and London Stock Exchanges.

These consolidated financial statements have been approved for issue by the Board of Directors on 28 February 2006.

2  Summary of significant accounting policies

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have
been consistently applied to all years presented, unless otherwise stated.

(a) Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) and IFRIC
interpretations endorsed by the European Union and those parts of the Companies Acts, 1963 to 2005 applicable to companies 
reporting under IFRS. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the 
revaluation of land and buildings, available for sale investments, and financial assets and liabilities held for trading. A summary of 
the more important Group accounting policies is set out below, together with an explanation of where changes have been made 
to previous policies on the adoption of new accounting standards in the year.

The Group’s date of transition to IFRS is 4 January 2004. The comparative figures have been restated to reflect IFRS, except where 
otherwise required or permitted by IFRS 1, First Time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards. 

In line with the provisions of IFRS 1, the Group has adopted IAS 32 (Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation) and IAS 39 
(Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement) from 2 January 2005. The comparative figures are reported under the previous
accounting standards. The Group has opted for early adoption of the amendment to IAS 19 (Employee Benefits) allowing recognition
in the statement of recognised income and expense, of actuarial gains and losses in full in the period in which they occur. The Group 
has also opted for early adoption of IFRS 5 (Non-Current Assets held for Sale and Discontinued Operations) and has applied this
standard from transition date.

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the
reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses
during the reporting period. Although these estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the amount, event or actions,
actual results ultimately may differ from these estimates.

These financial statements are prepared for a 52 week period ending on 31 December 2005, comparatives are for the 52 week period
ended 1 January 2005. The balance sheets for 2005 and 2004 have been drawn up as at 31 December 2005 and 1 January 2005 
respectively.

(b) Consolidation

The Group financial statements incorporate:
(i)  The financial statements of Glanbia plc (the Company) and enterprises controlled by the Company (its subsidiaries). Control is 
achieved where the Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an investee enterprise so as to 
obtain benefits from its activities. 

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and are no longer consolidated 
from the date that control ceases. The purchase method of accounting is used to account for the acquisition of subsidiaries. 
The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given up, shares issued or liabilities undertaken at the date 
of acquisition plus costs directly attributable to the acquisition. The excess of the cost of acquisition less the fair value of the net 
assets of the subsidiary acquired is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the Group’s share 
of the identifiable net assets acquired, the difference is recognised directly in the income statement. Inter-company transactions,
balances and unrealised gains on transactions between Group companies are eliminated. Where necessary, the accounting 
policies for subsidiaries have been changed to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(b) Consolidation (continued)

(ii)  The Group’s share of the results and net assets of associated companies and joint ventures are included based on the equity
method of accounting. An associate is an enterprise over which the Group has significant influence, but not control, through 
participation in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee. A joint venture is an entity subject to joint control 
by the Group and other parties. Under the equity method of accounting, the Group’s share of the post-acquisition profits and 
losses of associates and joint ventures is recognised in the income statement and its share of post acquisition movements in 
reserves is recognised in reserves. The cumulative post acquisition movements are adjusted against the cost of the investment. 
Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its associates and joint ventures are eliminated to the extent of the 
Group’s interest in the associate or joint venture. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence
of an impairment of the asset transferred. When the Group’s share of losses in an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds its
interest in the associate or joint venture, the Group does not recognise further losses, unless the Group has incurred obligations
or made payments on behalf of the associate or joint venture.

(c) Segment reporting

The Group reports segment information by class of business and by geographical area. A business segment is a group of assets and
operations engaged in providing products or services that are subject to risks and returns that are different to those of other business 
segments. The Group’s primary reporting segment, for which more detailed disclosures are required, is by class of business.

(d) Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary 
economic environment in which the entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are 
presented in euro, which is the Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(ii) Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the
transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate of exchange ruling at 
the balance sheet date. Currency translation differences on monetary assets and liabilities are taken to the income statement, 
except when deferred in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges. 

Translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss. 
Translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and liabilities such as equities held at fair value through the income
statement are recognised in the income statement as part of the fair value gain or loss. Translation differences on non-monetary
financial assets such as equities classified as available for sale are included in the fair value reserve in equity. 

(iii) Group companies

The income statement and balance sheet of Group companies that have a functional currency different from the presentation 
currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
•  assets and liabilities at each balance sheet date are translated at the closing rate at the date of the balance sheet
•   income and expenses in the income statement are translated at average exchange rates for the year. 

Resulting exchange differences are taken to a separate translation reserve within equity. When a foreign entity is sold, 
such exchange differences are recognised in the income statement as part of the gain or loss on sale. 

Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition of a foreign entity are treated as local currency assets 
and liabilities of the foreign entity and are translated at the balance sheet rate.

Certain inter-company loans had been treated under Irish GAAP as part of the net investment in the foreign entity and foreign 
exchange gains or losses arising on these loans had been recognised directly in reserves. On transition to IFRS, loans between 
fellow subsidiaries did not qualify as part of the net investment and therefore gains or losses on these loans are required to be
recognised in the income statement.

(e) Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost or deemed cost less subsequent depreciation less any impairment loss.

  Certain items of property, plant and equipment that had been revalued prior to the date of transition to IFRS (4 January 2004) are 
measured on the basis of deemed cost, being the revalued amount depreciated to date of transition. Items of property, plant and
equipment that were fair valued at date of transition are also measured at deemed cost, being the fair value at date of transition.

  Depreciation is calculated using the straight line method to write-off the cost of each asset over their estimated useful life at the 

following rates:

Land
  Buildings

Plant and equipment

  Motor vehicles

%
Nil
2.5 – 5
5 – 33
20 – 25

The assets’ useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at each balance sheet date.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(e) Property, plant and equipment (continued)
  Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or, 

where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.

Interest incurred on payments on account of assets under construction is included in the cost of those assets. Where the carrying
amount of an asset is greater than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

  Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing proceeds with carrying amount and are included in operating profit.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. The cost of
major renovations is included in the carrying amount of the asset when it is probable that future economic benefits in excess of
the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the Group. Major renovations are depreciated over 
the remaining useful life of the related asset.

(f)  Intangible assets
(i) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net assets of the
acquired subsidiary or associate at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of subsidiaries and associates is included
in intangible assets. 

Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses, if applicable. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis.

In accordance with IFRS 1, goodwill written off to reserves prior to date of transition to IFRS remains written off. In respect
of goodwill capitalised and amortised at transition date, its carrying value at date of transition to IFRS remains unchanged. 

(ii) Development costs

Research expenditure is recognised as an expense as incurred. Costs incurred on development projects (relating to the design 
and testing of new or improved products) are recognised as intangible assets when it is probable that the project will be a 
success, considering its commercial and technological feasibility, and costs can be measured reliably. Development costs are 
amortised over their estimated useful lives, which is normally 5 to 8 years.

(iii)

Intellectual property
Expenditure to acquire intellectual property is capitalised and amortised using the straight line method over its useful life,
which is normally between 15 and 20 years.

(iv) Computer software

Costs incurred on the acquisition of computer software are capitalised, as are costs directly associated with developing or 
maintaining computer software programmes, if they meet the recognition criteria of IAS 38. Computer software costs recognised 
as assets are written off over their estimated useful lives, which is normally between 5 and 10 years.

(g) Financial assets

For 2004:
Financial fixed assets are shown at cost less provision for impairment. Income from financial fixed assets is recognised in the profit 
and loss account in the year in which it is receivable.

From 2005:
The Group classifies all its investments as available for sale financial assets and they are initially recognised at fair value and are 
valued at fair value at each balance sheet date. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of investments
classified as available for sale are recognised in equity. When such investments are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value
adjustments are included in the income statement as gains or losses from investments.

The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices. If the market for a financial asset is not active the Group 
establishes fair value using valuation techniques. Where the range of reasonable fair values is significant and the probability of 
various estimates cannot be reasonably assessed, the Group measures the investment at cost.

(h) Leases

Leases of property, plant and equipment where the Group has substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as 
finance leases. Finance leases are capitalised at the inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value of the leased property or the 
present value of the minimum lease payments. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance charges so as to
achieve a constant rate on the finance balance outstanding. The corresponding rental obligation, net of finance charges, is included
in other payables, split between current and non-current as appropriate. The interest element of the finance cost is charged to the 
income statement over the lease period. The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance leases is depreciated over the
shorter of the useful life of the asset or the lease term.

Leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating leases. 
Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income statement on a 
straight line basis over the period of the lease.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(i)  Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method.
The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production
overheads (based on normal capacity). Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, 
less the costs of selling. 

(j)  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables are carried at original invoice amount less provision for impairment of these receivables. A provision for impairment 
of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all amounts due
according to the original terms of the receivables. 

Loan receivables are carried at the original principal amount advanced, plus compounded interest. These are classified as non-current 
assets, except for those maturing within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

(k) Cash and cash equivalents
  Cash and cash equivalents are carried in the balance sheet at cost. For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and 

cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with original
maturities of 3 months or less and bank overdrafts. In the balance sheet, bank overdrafts, if applicable, are included in borrowings
in current liabilities.

(l)  Income taxes
  Current tax represents the expected tax payable or recoverable on the taxable profit for the period, taking into account adjustments

relating to prior years. 

  Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets 

and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. Tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet 
date are used to determine deferred income tax.

  Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the 

temporary differences can be utilised.

  Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures,

except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary difference 
will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or 
liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable 
profit or loss.

(m)Employee benefits

(i) Pension obligations

Group companies operate various pension schemes. The schemes are generally funded through payments to insurance 
companies or trustee administered funds, determined by periodic actuarial calculations. The Group has both defined benefit 
and defined contribution plans.

The liability recognised in the balance sheet in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present value of the defined 
benefit obligation at the balance sheet date less the fair value of the plan assets, together with adjustments for unrecognised
past service costs. The defined benefit obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit
method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows 
using interest rates of high quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid,
and that have terms to maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension liability.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited 
to equity in the statement of recognised income and expense in the period in which they arise.

Past service costs are recognised immediately in income, unless the changes to the pension plan are conditional on the 
employees remaining in service for a specified period of time (the vesting period). In this case, the past service costs are 
amortised on a straight line basis over the vesting period. 

Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged as an expense when they fall due.

(ii) Share-based payments

Share-based payments include executive share option schemes, employee sharesave schemes and share awards.

The charge to the income statement in respect of share-based payments is based on the fair value of the equity instruments 
granted and is spread over the vesting period of the instrument. The fair value of the instruments is calculated using the 
Trinomial model.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(n) Government grants
  Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be received
and the Group will comply with all attached conditions. Government grants relating to costs are deferred and recognised in the 
income statement over the period necessary to match them with the costs they are intended to compensate. Government grants 
relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment are included in non-current liabilities and are credited to the income
statement on a straight line basis over the expected lives of the related assets.

(o) Revenue recognition

Revenue comprises the fair value of the sale of goods and services to external customers net of value added tax, rebates and 
discounts. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred 
to the buyer, which generally arises on delivery, or in accordance with specific terms and conditions agreed with customers. Revenue
from the rendering of services is recognised in the period in which the services are rendered. Interest income is recognised on a time 
proportion basis, taking account of the principal outstanding and the effective rate over the period to expected maturity, when it is 
determined that such income will accrue to the Group. Dividends are recognised when the right to receive payment is established.
Revenue from the sale of property is recognised when there is an unconditional and irrevocable contract for sale.

(p) Impairment of assets

(i)

Financial assets
The Group assesses at each balance sheet date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial
assets is impaired. In the case of equity securities classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the
fair value of the security below its cost is considered an indicator that the securities are impaired. If any such evidence exists for 
available for sale financial assets, the cumulative loss — measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current
fair value, less any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in the profit or loss — is removed from equity
and recognised in the income statement. Impairment losses recognised in the income statement on equity instruments are not 
reversed through the income statement. Impairment testing of trade receivables is described in (j).

(ii) Non-financial assets

Assets which have a finite useful life are subject to amortisation and reviewed for impairment when events or changes in 
circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised to the extent that the 
carrying value of the assets exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets fair value less
costs to sell and its value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which
there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash generating units).

(q) Share capital

(i) Preferred securities and preference shares

For 2004:
Preferred securities and preference shares, with fixed dividend entitlements and fixed redemption dates, are accounted for 
as non-equity minority instruments within shareholders’ funds.

From 2005:
Such preferred securities and preference shares are classified as liabilities.

(ii) Own shares

The cost of own shares, held by an Employee Share Trust in connection with the Company’s Sharesave Scheme, is deducted 
from equity.

(r)  Dividends
  Dividends to the Company’s shareholders are recognised as a liability of the Company when approved by the Company’s shareholders.

(s)  Derivative financial instruments 

The activities of the Group expose it primarily to the financial risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. 
The Group uses derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange contracts and options, interest rate swap contracts and
forward rate agreements to hedge these exposures.

For 2004:

  Derivative financial instruments used as hedging instruments are matched with their underlying hedged item. Each instrument’s 

gain or loss is brought into the profit and loss account at the same time and in the same place, as is the matched underlying asset,
liability, income or cost. For foreign exchange instruments this will be in operating profit matched against the relevant purchase
or sale and for interest rate instruments, within interest payable or receivable over the life of the instrument, or relevant interest 
period. The profit or loss on an instrument may be deferred if the hedged transaction is expected to take place or would normally
be accounted for in a future period.

If the matched underlying asset or liability prematurely ceases to exist, or is no longer considered likely to exist prior to the maturity 
date of any associated financial instrument held as a hedge, the hedging instrument is terminated and any profit or loss arising is 
recognised in the profit and loss account at that time. Instruments, which cease to be recognised as hedges, are marked to market.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(s)  Derivative financial instruments (continued)

From 2005:
The Group accounts for financial instruments under IAS 32 (Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation) and IAS 39 (Financial
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement). Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered 
into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value. The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on whether
the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group designates certain
derivatives as either: (1) hedges of the fair value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair value hedge); (2) hedges 
of a particular risk associated with a recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast transaction (cash flow hedge).

The Group documents at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well
as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Group also documents its assessment,
both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly 
effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

(i)

Fair value hedge
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the income 
statement, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.

If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a hedge item 
for which the effective interest method is used is amortised to profit or loss over the period to maturity.

(ii) Cash flow hedge

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges are 
recognised in equity. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised immediately in the income statement.

Amounts accumulated in equity are recycled in the income statement in the periods when the hedged item affects profit or loss 
(for instance when the forecast sale that is hedged takes place). The gain or loss relating to the effective portion of interest rate 
swaps hedging variable rate borrowings is recognised in the income statement within ‘finance costs’. The gain or loss relating to
the effective portion of forward foreign exchange contracts hedging export sales is recognised in the income statement within 
revenue. However, when the forecast transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of a non-financial asset (for example,
inventory) or a non-financial liability, the gains and losses previously deferred in equity are transferred from equity and included
in the initial measurement of the cost of the asset or liability. 

  When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any 

cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is 
ultimately recognised in the income statement. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative 
gain or loss that was reported in equity is immediately transferred to the income statement.

(iii) Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting

Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting. Changes in the fair value of any derivative instruments 
that do not qualify for hedge accounting are recognised immediately in the income statement.

(t)  Earnings per share

Earnings per share represents the profit in cent attributable to equity holders of the Company, based on the consolidated profit
after tax, minority interests and preference dividends, divided by the weighted average number of equity shares in issue in respect
of the period.

  Adjusted earnings per share is calculated by excluding exceptional items. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting
the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

(u) Borrowing costs
  Borrowing costs incurred for assets under construction are capitalised during the period of time that is required to complete 

and prepare the asset for its intended use. Other borrowing costs are expensed.

(v)  Borrowings
  Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised

cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the income statement
over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable 
on a specific date, are classified as liabilities. The dividends on these preference shares are recognised in the income statement
as interest expense. 

  Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 

12 months after the balance sheet date.

(w) Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a constructive or legal obligation as a result of past events; it is more likely than not 
that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

2  Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)
(x) Termination benefits

Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Group before the normal retirement date, or whenever 
an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Group recognises termination benefits when it is 
demonstrably committed to either; terminating the employment of current employees according to a detailed formal plan without 
possibility of withdrawal; or providing termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage voluntary redundancy.

(y)  Exceptional items

The Group has adopted an income statement format, which seeks to highlight significant items within the Group results for 
the year. Such items may include restructuring, impairment of assets, profit or loss on disposal or termination of operations, 
litigation settlements and profit or loss on disposal of investments. Judgement is used by the Group in assessing the particular
items, which by virtue of their scale and nature, should be disclosed in the income statement and notes as exceptional items.

(z)  New accounting standards and IFRIC interpretations
  Certain new accounting standards and IFRIC interpretations are mandatory for accounting periods beginning on or after 
1 January 2006. The Group’s assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below;
(i)

IAS 21 (Amendment) — Net Investment in a Foreign Operation
The Group will adopt this amendment for annual periods beginning 1 January 2006. The adoption of this amendment will 
require that all foreign exchange gains and losses on inter-company loans that form part of the net investment in a foreign 
operation, including loans between fellow subsidiaries, will be recognised directly in reserves on consolidation.

(ii)

IAS 39 (Amendment) — Cash Flow Hedge Accounting of Forecast Intragroup Transactions
This amendment will not have a significant impact on the Group’s operations. The Group will apply this amendment from 
1 January 2006.

(iii)

IAS 39 (Amendment) — The Fair Value Option
This amendment will not have a significant impact on the Group’s operations. The Group will apply this amendment for annual 
periods beginning 1 January 2006.

IAS 39 and IFRS 4 (Amendment) — Financial Guarantee Contracts

(iv)
  Management considered this amendment to IAS 39 and concluded that it is not relevant to the Group.

(v)

IFRS 1 (Amendment) — First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards and 
IFRS 6 (Amendment) — Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources
These amendments are not relevant to the Group’s operations.

(vi)

IFRS 6 — Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources
IFRS 6 is not relevant to the Group’s operations.

(vii) IFRS 7 — Financial Instruments: Disclosures, and a complementary amendment to IAS 1, 

Presentation of Financial Statements — Capital Disclosures
The Group assessed the impact of IFRS 7 and the amendment to IAS 1 and concluded that the main additional disclosures will 
be the sensitivity analysis to market risk and the capital disclosures required by the amendment to IAS 1. The Group will apply
IFRS 7 and the amendment to IAS 1 for annual periods beginning 1 January 2007.

(viii) IFRIC 4 — Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease

IFRIC 4 requires the determination of whether an arrangement is or contains a lease to be based on the substance of the 
arrangement. It requires an assessment of whether: (a) fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset
or assets (the asset); and (b) the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset. Management is currently assessing the impact of
IFRIC 4 on the Group’s operations.

(ix)

IFRIC 5 — Rights to Interests arising from Decommissioning, Restoration and Environmental Rehabilitation Funds
IFRIC 5 is not relevant to the Group’s operations.

(x)

IFRIC 6 — Liabilities arising from Participating in a Specific Market — Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
IFRIC 6 is not relevant to the Group’s operations.

3  Financial risk management

The conduct of its ordinary business operations necessitates the holding and issuing of financial instruments and derivative financial
instruments by the Group. The main risks arising from issuing, holding and managing these financial instruments typically include
liquidity risk, interest rate risk and currency risk. The Group approach is to centrally manage these risks against comprehensive policy 
guidelines, which are summarised below. With the exception of an amendment to permit the holding of instruments deemed to be 
speculative under IAS 39, these policies have remained unchanged during the past financial year.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

3  Financial risk management (continued)

The Group does not engage in holding or issuing speculative financial instruments or derivatives thereof, other than as outlined 
above. The Group finances its operations by a mixture of retained profits, preference shares, medium and short-term committed bank
borrowings and uncommitted bank borrowings. The Group borrows in the major global debt markets in a range of currencies at both
fixed and floating rates of interest, using derivatives where appropriate to generate the desired effective currency profile and interest 
rate basis.

  Currency risk
  Although the Group is based in Ireland, it has significant investment in overseas operations in the USA and the UK. As a result,

movements in US dollar/euro and sterling/euro exchange rates can significantly affect the Group’s euro balance sheet and income
statement. The Group seeks to match, to a reasonable extent, the currency of its borrowings with that of its assets, inclusive of
goodwill. The Group also has transactional currency exposures that arise from sales or purchases by an operating unit in currencies
other than the unit’s operating functional currency. The Group requires all its operating units to mitigate such currency exposures, 
by means of forward foreign currency contracts.

Liquidity and cash flow risk
The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between the continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of borrowings with 
a range of maturities. In order to preserve continuity of funding, the Group’s policy is that, at a minimum, committed facilities should 
be available at all times to meet the full extent of its anticipated finance requirements, arising in the ordinary course of business,
during the succeeding 12 month period. This means that at any time the lenders providing facilities in respect of this finance 
requirement are required to give at least 12 months notice of their intention to seek repayment of such facilities. At the year end, 
the Group had multi-currency committed bank term facilities of 2439.9 million of which 2158.3 million was undrawn. The weighted 
average period to maturity of these facilities was 4.5 years.

Finance and interest rate risk
The Group’s objective in relation to interest rate management is to minimise the impact of interest rate volatility on interest costs in 
order to protect reported profitability. This is achieved by determining a long-term strategy against a number of policy guidelines,
which focus on (a) the amount of floating rate indebtedness anticipated over such a period and (b) the consequent sensitivity of
interest costs to interest rate movements on this indebtedness and the resultant impact on reported profitability. The Group borrows 
at both fixed and floating rates of interest and uses interest rate swaps to manage the Group’s exposure to interest rate fluctuations.

  Price risk

The Group is exposed to equity securities price risk because of investments held by the Group and classified on the consolidated
balance sheet as available for sale.

  Credit risk

The Group has no significant concentrations of credit risk. It has policies in place to ensure that credit sales of products are made 
to customers with an appropriate credit history. Derivative counterparties and cash transactions are limited to high credit quality
financial institutions.

4  Critical accounting estimates and assumptions

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations
of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. 

The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom
equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that could have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment
to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.

(a) Impairment reviews of goodwill 

The Group tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in note
2(f). The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have been determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations
require the use of estimates. 

The assets of Kortus Food Ingredients Services GmbH, including goodwill arising on acquisition of 210.9 million, were tested for 
impairment using projected cash flows over a 10 year period. A reduction in projected EBITDA of 10% or an increase in the discount
factor used from 9% to 10% would not result in an impairment of the assets.

(b) Fair value reviews of available for sale investments

The Group has used discounted cash flow analysis for fair value reviews of various available for sale investments. 

This Group’s investment in 25% of the share capital of The Cheese Company Holdings Limited is stated in the balance sheet at 
214.5 million. The cash flows, which have been prepared on a conservative basis, support this valuation. A reduction in projected
EBITDA of 10% or an increase in the discount factor used from 9% to 10% would not result in an impairment of the assets.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

4  Critical accounting estimates and assumptions (continued)
(c)  Income taxes 

The Group is subject to income tax in numerous jurisdictions. Significant judgement is required in determining the worldwide 
provision for income taxes. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain 
during the ordinary course of business. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of
whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially
recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
Notwithstanding the above, the Group believes that it has adequate tax provisions to cover all risks across all jurisdictions.

5  Effects of IFRS implementation
  Glanbia plc reported under Irish GAAP in its previously published financial statements for the year ended 1 January 2005. 

The analysis below shows a reconciliation of net assets and profit as reported under Irish GAAP as at 1 January 2005 to the 
revised net assets and profit under IFRS as reported in these financial statements. In addition, there is a reconciliation of net
assets under Irish GAAP to IFRS at the transition date for this Company, being 4 January 2004.

The information in this note is a summary of the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the Group’s financial statements. The Group
published a comprehensive restatement document on 31 August 2005.

  As stated earlier, IFRS 1 and certain other IFRSs contain a number of optional exemptions that can be availed of by companies 
on transition to IFRS. Glanbia, in common with the majority of listed companies, has elected to avail of the following options:

(i)  Business combinations that took place before transition date have not been restated and therefore all goodwill written off to
reserves or amortised prior to date of transition remains written off and will not be taken into account either for subsequent 
impairment reviews or on disposal of the subsidiary.

(ii)  Fair value, or a previous revaluation to fair value adjusted for subsequent depreciation, may be used as deemed cost for any

item of property, plant and equipment at the date of transition. The Group has opted to regard the fixed asset valuations of 31
December 1988 and 31 December 1992 as deemed cost and the related asset values therefore remain unadjusted on transition 
to IFRS. Certain assets in the Foods Ingredients and Agribusiness and Property divisions have been fair valued at date of transition.

(iii)  The Group has elected to set the cumulative translation differences on foreign subsidiaries to zero at date of transition.

(iv)  The actuarial losses on the Group’s defined benefit schemes have been recognised in full in the balance sheet at the date 

of transition, and adjusted against reserves.

(v)  Given the delay encountered in securing EU approval, the effective date of the revised versions of IAS 32 and IAS 39 is 
1 January 2005 and therefore the Group is adopting these standards only in respect of the 2005 figures. Irish GAAP will 
apply to the 2004 reported figures.

(vi)  In accordance with the transitional arrangements set out in IFRS 2 Share-based Payment, this standard has been applied 

in respect of share options granted after 7 November 2002, which had not vested by transition date.

(vii)  The Group has elected to recognise its interest in joint ventures using the equity method of accounting.

(viii) The Group has opted for early adoption of IFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations 

and had applied this standard from transition date.

 
 
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G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

5  Effects of IFRS implementation (continued)

A s   a t   4   J a n u a r y   2 0 0 4

A s   a t   1   J a n u a r y   2 0 0 5

  ASSETS
  Non-current assets

Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in associates
Investments in joint ventures
  Available for sale investments
Trade and other receivables

  Deferred tax assets

  Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables

  Cash and cash equivalents

  Assets classified as held for sale

Total assets

  EQUITY

Share capital
  Other reserves

Retained earnings
— Profits retained/(losses absorbed)
— Currency translation
— Goodwill write-off

Equity minority interest
  Non-equity minority interest

LIABILITIES

  Non-current liabilities 
  Borrowings
  Deferred tax liabilities

Retirement benefit obligations
Provisions 
  Capital grants

  Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

  Current tax liabilities
  Borrowings

Liabilities directly associated with
  assets classified as held for sale

Notes

(a)
(a)/(b)
(c)
(c)
(c)
(d)
(g)

(a)
(a)
(a)

(a)

(e)
(f)

(g)
(d)
(d)

(h)

(a)

P r e v i o u s l y
r e p o r t e d
3’000

I F R S
t r a n s i t i o n
e f f e c t
3’000

363,641
2,466
9,607
12,944
13,035
14,082
-
415,775

202,736
200,054
59,775
462,565
-
462,565

(83,263)
19,206
775
(1,122)
(810)
(14,083)
7,594
(71,703)

(73,269)
(32,679)
(22,106)
(128,054)
200,725
72,671

I F R S
b a l a n c e 
s h e e t
3’000

280,378
21,672
10,382
11,822
12,225
(1)
7,594
344,072

129,467
167,375
37,669
334,511
200,725
535,236

P r e v i o u s l y
r e p o r t e d
3’000

I F R S
t r a n s i t i o n
e f f e c t 
3’000

I F R S
b a l a n c e 
s h e e t
3’000

321,780
16,652
9,908
49,827
29,869
58,170
-
486,206

133,419
172,622
51,625
357,666
-
357,666

(19,723)
20,046
1,010
(1,546)
(1,197)
(6,228)
12,299
4,661

-
-
-
-
-
-

302,057
36,698
10,918
48,281
28,672
51,942
12,299
490,867

133,419
172,622
51,625
357,666
-
357,666

878,340

968

879,308

843,872

4,661

848,533

94,321
116,379

26,244
(26,970)
(33,362)
176,612
5,671
115,759
298,042

170,351
27,559
-
13,331
16,611
227,852

300,949
8,276
43,221
352,446

-
352,446

-
9

(36,689)
26,970
(60,387)
(70,097)
-
-
(70,097)

-
673
86,563
(7,951)
-
79,285

(29,176)
-
-
(29,176)

20,956
(8,220)

94,321
116,388

(10,445)
-
(93,749)
106,515
5,671
115,759
227,945

170,351
28,232
86,563
5,380
16,611
307,137

271,773
8,276
43,221
323,270

20,956
344,226

95,208
116,286

70,286
(27,028)
(33,351)
221,401
6,085
110,384
337,870

198,682
29,493
-
11,680
15,276
255,131

239,181
8,181
3,509
250,871

-
250,871

-
128

(75,122)
27,028
(59,610)
(107,576)
-
-
(107,576)

-
882
126,676
(6,332)
-
121,226

(8,989)
-
-
(8,989)

-
(8,989)

95,208
116,414

(4,836)
-
(92,961)
113,825
6,085
110,384
230,294

198,682
30,375
126,676
5,348
15,276
376,357

230,192
8,181
3,509
241,882

-
241,882

Total liabilities

580,298

71,065

651,363

506,002

112,237

618,239

Total equity and liabilities

878,340

968

879,308

843,872

4,661

848,533

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

5  Effects of IFRS implementation (continued)

The effects of implementing IFRS on the previously reported profit for year ended 1 January 2005 are as follows:

Profit after taxation for the year as previously reported

  Goodwill no longer amortised

Share of results of investment reclassified as an associate

  Adjustment to pension charge

Impact of retirement benefit obligations recognised in joint venture
Tax impact of adjusted pension charge

  Deferred tax credit
  Currency losses on repayment of certain inter-company loans
  Currency losses on change of functional currency of certain Group companies
  Cost of share options

Profit after taxation for the year under IFRS

Notes

(b)
(c)
(d)

(g)
(g)
(i)
(j)
(k)

3’000

70,110
238
(152)
2,833
12
(281)
33
(749)
(49)
(76)

71,919

(a)  Under IFRS 5, non-current assets held for sale and the assets of disposal groups must be presented separately from other assets in 
the balance sheet. Likewise, liabilities of a disposal group must be presented separately from other liabilities in the balance sheet. 
Arising from the sale by the Group of a 75% interest in its UK hard cheese business in April 2004, related assets and liabilities have 
been respectively reclassified as either non-current assets held for sale or liabilities associated with assets held for sale. Further to this, 
software development costs, amounting to 219,206,000 at 4 January 2004 and 219,808,000 at 1 January 2005, previously capitalised 
under Irish GAAP as plant and equipment have been reclassified as intangible assets.

(b)  Under IFRS 3, goodwill is no longer amortised but measured at cost less impairment losses. Under previous GAAP, goodwill was
amortised on a straight line basis over its useful economic life (not exceeding 20 years). The effect of the change is an increase
in equity at 1 January 2005 of 2238,000 and an increase in profit before tax for 2004 of 2238,000. There is no impact on equity 
at 4 January 2004, as goodwill amortised prior to date of transition remains written off, under IFRS 1.

(c)  Following a review of all its investments, the Group has concluded that its holding in Westgate Biological Limited, which had been 

accounted for at cost within other investments, should be reclassified as an associate. In addition the results of certain associates and 
joint ventures have been adjusted to take account of the implementation of IFRS within their own accounts. The recognition of a share 
of the results of the reclassified investment resulted in reductions in equity of 235,000 at 4 January 2004 and 2187,000 at 1 January 
2005 while the impact of retirement benefit obligations recognised in joint ventures resulted in equity reductions of 21,122,000 
at 4 January 2004 and 21,546,000 at 1 January 2005.

(d) Included in non-current receivables at 4 January 2004 and 1 January 2005 were SSAP 24 pension assets of 25,426,000 and 

26,228,000 respectively. Non-current receivables at 4 January 2004 also include assets of the UK hard cheese business amounting 
to 28,657,000 that have been reclassified as assets held for sale. Included in current receivables at 4 January 2004 was a pension 
asset of 2128,000. These assets were reversed on implementation of IAS 19. Included in non-current provisions and other liabilities 
as at 4 January 2004 and 1 January 2005 were pension provisions amounting to 27,951,000 and 26,332,000 respectively. These were 
reversed on implementation of IAS 19. Under IAS 19, the retirement benefit obligations at 4 January 2004 and 1 January 2005 were
286,563,000 and 2126,676,000. The impact of these changes is a decrease in equity at 4 January 2004 of 284,166,000 and 
at 1 January 2005 of 2126,572,000. There is an increase in profit before tax for 2004 of 22,833,000.

(e)  Under previous GAAP, currency translation differences on foreign currency net investments were written off against revenue reserves. 

The Group has opted to set the cumulative translation differences to zero as at 4 January 2004. Under IAS 21, such translation 
differences are written off to a separate currency translation reserve. Translation losses of 258,000, which arose in 2004, have been 
written-off against this new reserve. On implementation of IAS 19, an additional translation gain of 280,000 arises and this is also 
applied to the currency reserve resulting in a net credit of 243,000 to the reserve. These translation differences will therefore remain 
written off against revenue reserves and will no longer be separately disclosed.

(f)  Goodwill on acquisitions up to 1992 was debited to revaluation reserve until such time as the revaluation reserve was completely
written down. The Group has opted to use previous revaluations in arriving at the deemed cost of property, plant and equipment 
and as required by IFRS 1, the balance on the revaluation reserve was reinstated by transferring goodwill previously written off
to revaluation reserve to the goodwill reserve and crediting revenue reserves.

(g) Deferred tax assets amounting to 27,594,000 and 212,299,000 as at 4 January 2004 and 1 January 2005 respectively, arise 

as a result of the implementation of IAS 19. The impact on the tax charge for 2004 was an increase of 2281,000 due to the lower 
pension charge for the year and an adjustment of 233,000 relating to asset revaluations.  

(h)  Under IAS 10, final dividends declared after year end are not considered liabilities of the Group. The impact of the write-back of the 
2003 and 2004 final dividends on trade and other payables was 28,535,000 at 4 January 2004 and 28,989,000 at 1 January 2005. 
Trade and other payables at 4 January 2004 also include liabilities of the UK hard cheese business amounting to 220,641,000 that 
have been reclassified as liabilities directly associated with assets held for sale.

 
 
 
 
 
 
68

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

5  Effects of IFRS implementation (continued)
(i)  Certain inter-company loans had been treated under Irish GAAP as part of the net investment in the foreign entity and foreign
exchange gains or losses arising on these loans had been recognised directly in reserves. On transition, loans between fellow 
subsidiaries do not qualify under IFRS as part of the net investment and therefore gains or losses on these loans must be 
recognised in the income statement.

(j)  IAS 21 provides specific guidance on how the functional currency (i.e. the currency that an entity should use to record its transactions) 
of a company should be determined and the functional currencies of a small number of Group companies have altered as a result of
the application of this guidance.

(k)  Under Irish GAAP, the charge to the profit and loss account was based on the difference between the market value of the shares at 
the date of grant and the exercise price. Under IFRS 2, the charge to the income statement in respect of share-based payments is
based on the fair value of the options granted and is spread over the vesting period of the instrument.

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39
The Group has availed of the exemption under IFRS 1 to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not
the comparative period. The adjustments required for differences between Irish GAAP and IAS 32 and IAS 39 are determined and 
recognised at 2 January 2005. The effects on equity of adopting these standards at 2 January 2005 is as follows:

Fair value uplift of available for sale investments (note 20)
Fair value uplift of derivatives (note 38)
Fair value of derivatives in joint ventures (note 19)
Provision for interest rate swaps not qualifying as hedges (note 38)

  Deferred tax effects of the above adjustments (note 33)

  Reduction in equity

3’000

1,165
2,554
(72)
(5,609)
(630)

(2,592)

In line with the provisions of these standards, non-equity minority interest was reclassified as borrowings on 2 January 2005.

6  Segment information
  Primary reporting format — business segments

At 31 December 2005 the Group is organised into three main business segments:
•  Consumer Foods
•  Food Ingredients
•  Agribusiness and Property

The segment results for the year ended 1 January 2005 are as follows:

2004

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

G r o u p
3’000

Total gross segment revenue
Inter-segment revenue

458,103
(6,979)

1,195,646
(120,493)

236,492
(9,124)

  Revenue

451,124

1,075,153

227,368

  Operating profit pre-exceptional items

Exceptional items

27,906
2,594

46,440
-

11,911
1,099

Finance income and costs
Share of losses of joint ventures and associates

(1,671)

(152)

300

30,500

46,440

13,010

  Profit before tax 

Tax

Profit for year from continuing operations

  Discontinued operations

(1,601)

-

-

  Profit for the year

-
-

-

-
(798)

(798)

-

-

1,890,241
(136,596)

1,753,645

86,257
2,895

89,152

(5,723)
(1,523)

81,906
(8,386)

73,520
(1,601)

71,919

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

6  Segment information (continued)

The segment results for the year ended 31 December 2005 are as follows:

2005

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

Total gross segment revenue
Inter-segment revenue

493,667
(85)

1,215,559
(108,271)

239,826
(10,684)

  Revenue

493,582

1,107,288

229,142

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

G r o u p
3’000

-
-

-

1,949,052
(119,040)

1,830,012

  Operating profit pre-exceptional items

Exceptional items

27,139
(11,860)

42,746
(2,649)

10,684
(1,160)

-
14,559

80,569
(1,110)

15,279

40,097

9,524

14,559

79,459

Finance income and costs
Share of profits of joint ventures and associates

551

(116)

497

-

  Profit before tax 

Tax

  Profit for the year

(18,090)
932

62,301
(657)

61,644

  With effect from 2005, all property trading and development activities across the Group are organised as part of an expanded 

Agribusiness and Property segment.

Inter-segment transfers or transactions are entered into under the normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be 
available to unrelated third parties.

  Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended 1 January 2005 are as follows:

2004

  Depreciation
  Amortisation

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

7,103
1,525

14,190
633

3,267
67

470
333

  Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended 31 December 2005 are as follows:

2005

  Depreciation
  Amortisation

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

6,870
1,976

13,367
821

2,859
112

422
404

G r o u p
3’000

25,030
2,558

G r o u p
3’000

23,518
3,313

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
70

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

6  Segment information (continued)

The segment assets and liabilities at 1 January 2005 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

2004

  Assets
  Associates and joint ventures

Total assets

Liabilities

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

171,084
10,130

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

407,954
38,151

146,372
10,918

63,924
-

G r o u p
3’000

789,334
59,199

181,214

446,105

157,290

63,924

848,533

(116,145)

(193,707)

(67,640)

(240,747)

(618,239)

  Group capital expenditure

12,486

38,478

3,909

2,266

57,139

The segment assets and liabilities at 31 December 2005 and capital expenditure for the year then ended are as follows:

2005

  Assets
  Associates and joint ventures

Total assets

Liabilities

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

175,389
10,925

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

U n a l l o c a t e d
3’000

469,463
48,907

122,309
11,090

120,274
-

G r o u p
3’000

887,435
70,922

186,314

518,370

133,399

120,274

958,357

(131,503)

(271,859)

(72,144)

(359,133)

(834,639)

  Group capital expenditure

12,096

30,006

8,439

495

51,036

Segment assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets, inventories, derivatives designated as hedges
of future transactions and receivables. They exclude deferred taxation, investments and derivatives held for trading or designated as 
hedges of borrowings.

Segment liabilities comprise operating liabilities. They exclude items such as taxation, corporate borrowings and related 
hedging derivatives.

Secondary reporting format — geographical segments
The Group’s three main business segments operate in three main geographical areas, even though they are managed 
on a worldwide basis.

Sales

Ireland
Rest of Europe

  USA /other

Sales are allocated based on the country in which the customer is located. 

2 0 0 5
3’000

735,034
226,545
868,433

2 0 0 4
3’000

730,636
202,740
820,269

1,830,012

1,753,645

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

6  Segment information (continued)

Total assets

Ireland
Rest of Europe

  USA /other

  Associates and joint ventures
  Unallocated assets

Total assets

Total assets are allocated based on where the assets are located.

Capital expenditure

Ireland
Rest of Europe

  USA /other

  Capital expenditure is allocated based on where the assets are located.

7  Operating profit

The following items have been included in arriving at operating profit:

  Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (note 16)

— Owned assets
— Leased assets under finance leases

2 0 0 5
3’000

537,167
11,673
218,321

2 0 0 4
3’000

536,104
22,427
166,879

767,161

725,410

70,922
120,274

59,199
63,924

958,357

848,533

2 0 0 5
3’000

35,922
685
14,429

2 0 0 4
3’000

27,331
1,241
28,567

51,036

57,139

2 0 0 5
3’000

21,878
1,640

2 0 0 4
3’000

21,299
3,731

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

(2,509)

(920)

Repairs and maintenance expenditure on property, plant and equipment

25,891

27,712

  Amortisation of intangible assets (note 17)

— Software costs
— Other intangible assets

2,784
529

2,523
35

Increase/(decrease) in inventories of finished goods and work in progress

10,831

(69,317)

Raw materials and consumables used

1,356,020

1,369,921

Trade receivables — (decrease)/increase in impairment charge for bad and doubtful debts

(270)

130

  Amortisation of government grants received (note 36)

(1,424)

(1,228)

  Operating lease rentals payable  

— Plant and machinery
— Other

  Auditors’ remuneration

Research and development costs 

  Net foreign exchange losses

  Gain on interest rate swaps not qualifying as hedges

2,798
5,767

549

5,991

196

(2,098)

2,826
5,399

513

4,331

634

-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
72

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

8  Exceptional items

Foreign currency translation
(Loss)/profit on sale or termination of operations
Restructuring cost
Profit on sale of quoted investments

Notes

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

2 0 0 5
3’000

3,931
(331)
(15,669)
10,959

2 0 0 4
3’000

(798)
3,693
-
-

(1,110)

2,895

(a)  The foreign currency translation gain arises on the repayment of loans between fellow subsidiaries. Under IFRS, for 2005, loans
between fellow subsidiaries do not qualify as part of the net investment and therefore any gains or losses on these loans are 
recognised in the income statement.

(b)  This represents the revision of losses arising in prior years on disposals, restructuring and termination of operations.

(c)  The restructuring cost relates to costs of rationalisation programmes carried out mainly in the Consumer Foods and Food Ingredients 

divisions in Ireland.

(d)  During the year, the Group benefited from the exchange of shares held in Irish Agricultural Wholesale Society Limited for shares 

in IAWS Group plc. The profit arises from the subsequent sale of these shares.

9  Employee benefit expense

  Wages and salaries

Termination payments
Social security costs
Share option and Sharesave Scheme costs
Pension costs — defined contribution plans (note 34)
Pension costs — defined benefit plans (note 34)

2 0 0 5
3’000

143,623
12,331
14,364
259
738
5,789

2 0 0 4
3’000

141,879
1,502
15,283
109
534
5,103

177,104

164,410

The average number of employees in 2005 was 3,837 (2004: 3,831) and is analysed into the following categories:

  Consumer Foods 
Food Ingredients

  Agribusiness and Property

2 0 0 5

1,879
1,299
659

3,837

2 0 0 4

2,095
1,073
663

3,831

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
73

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

10  Directors’ remuneration 

The salary, fees and other benefits for each of the Directors during the year were:

S a l a r y
3’000

F e e s
3’000

P e r f o r -
m a n c e 
b o n u s
3’000

L o n g   t e r m 
i n c e n t i v e 
p l a n
3’000

O t h e r
p a y m e n t s
3’000

P e n s i o n 
c o n t r i -
b u t i o n
3’000

O t h e r
b e n e f i t
3’000

  Executive 
JJ Moloney
  GJ Meagher
  WG Murphy (note (f))
  KE Toland 

2005

2004

  Non-executive
  MJ Walsh (note (a))

L Herlihy
JV Quinlan (note (b))
JE Callaghan
TP Corcoran (note (c))

  HV Corbally
J Fitzgerald 
EP Fitzpatrick
JA Gilsenan
P Haran (note (d))
TP Heffernan (note (e))

  CL Hill 
  M Keane (note (d))

JV Liston

  M Merrick (note (d))

JJ Miller
  M Parsons 
EM Power 
  GE Stanley

F Quigley (note (g))

2005

2004

Total 2005

Total 2004

399
251
146
257

1,053

1,098

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

1,053

1,098

-
-
14
-

14

-

57
36
29
52
32
16
16
16
16
31
8
16
10
52
10
16
16
16
16
-

461

419

475

419

115
75
-
123

313

629

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

313

629

2 0 0 5
To t a l
3’000

642
420
196
462

1,720

57
36
29
52
32
16
16
16
16
31
8
16
10
52
10
16
16
16
16
-

2 0 0 4
To t a l
3’000

748
489
488
594

2,319

35
35
16
50
73
16
8
16
16
-
16
16
-
50
-
16
16
16
16
8

461

2,181

419

2,738

13
18
9
10

50

60

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-
-

-

-
-
-
-

-

137

88

115
76
27
72

290

307

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-

-

137

88

290

307

50

60

(a)
  Mr MJ Walsh was appointed Chairman on 9 June 2005.
(b)
  Mr JV Quinlan was appointed Vice Chairman on 9 June 2005.
(c)
  Mr TP Corcoran resigned both as Chairman and Director on 9 June 2005.
(d)
  Messrs P Haran, M Keane and M Merrick were appointed as Directors on 9 June 2005.
(e)
  Mr TP Heffernan resigned as a Director on 9 June 2005.
(f)
  Mr WG Murphy retired as an executive Director on 9 September 2005 and remains on the Board as a non-executive Director. 
(g)
  Mr F Quigley resigned as Director on 10 June 2004.
(h)
  No fees are payable to executive Directors.
(i)
  Details of Directors’ share options are set out in note 44 to the financial statements.
(j)

The Remuneration Committee of the Board, which comprises solely of non-executive Directors, determines the Company’s policy 
on executive Director remuneration and sets the remuneration package of each of the executive Directors. There are no contracts
of service for executive Directors which are required to be made available for inspection.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
74

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

10  Directors’ remuneration (continued) 

Tr a n s f e r   v a l u e
o f   i n c r e a s e   i n
a c c r u e d   p e n s i o n
3’000

A n n u a l   p e n s i o n 
a c c r u e d   i n   2 0 0 5
i n   e x c e s s   o f   i n f l a t i o n
3’000

To t a l   a n n u a l
a c c r u e d   p e n s i o n   a t
3 1   D e c e m b e r   2 0 0 5
3’000

17
272
295
64

648

852

3
13
11
8

35

52

229
178
197
45

649

440

JJ Moloney
  GJ Meagher
  WG Murphy
  KE Toland

2005

2004

11  Finance income and costs

(a) Finance income

Interest income (i)

(b) Finance costs — pre-exceptional 

Interest expense
— Bank borrowings repayable within five years
— Bank borrowings repayable after five years
— Senior notes
— Finance lease

Finance cost of preferred securities and preference shares

Total finance costs — pre-exceptional (ii)

Finance costs — exceptional

  Cancellation of preferred securities  (iii)

Total finance costs (ii)

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

4,209

3,033

2 0 0 5
3’000

(10,291)
-
-
(109)

* 2 0 0 4
3’000

(3,970)
(3,779)
(917)
(90)

(10,400)

(8,756)

(6,595)

(10,387)

(16,995)

(19,143)

(5,304)

-

(22,299)

(19,143)

* 

The Group has availed of the option under IFRS 1 to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not 
the comparative period. The figures for 2004 above include the finance cost of preferred securities and preference shares for 
comparability purposes only.

(i) 

Interest income consists mainly of interest on a Stg£35 million subordinated secured loan note granted by The Cheese Company
Holdings Limited in 2004, representing part proceeds on the sale by the Group of a 75% interest in its UK hard cheese business.

(ii)  The comparative figures for the year ended 1 January 2005 have been restated in accordance with IFRS, with the exception of
IAS 32 and IAS 39, which were implemented from 2 January 2005. As a result, interest on preferred securities and preference 
shares is shown as an interest charge in the year ended 31 December 2005, and as non-equity minority interest in the 2004 
comparative numbers. On a comparable basis the net financing costs, pre-exceptional item, for 2005 was 212.8 million 
compared to 216.1 million for 2004.

(iii)  On 15 June 2005 the Group prepaid the US$100 million 7.99% cumulative guaranteed preferred securities, giving rise to a cost

of 25.3 million, which has been disclosed as an exceptional item.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12  Taxation

Irish corporation tax

  Adjustments in respect of prior years
  Current tax on income for the year

Foreign tax

  Adjustments in respect of prior years
  Current tax on income for the year

Total current tax

  Deferred tax (note 33)

Pre-exceptional tax charge
Exceptional tax credit

75

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

2 0 0 5
3’000

2,460
(1,285)
1,175

594
(1,056)
(462)

713

6,879
7,592
(6,935)

657

2 0 0 4
3’000

5,409
(859)
4,550

444
(134)
310

4,860

3,526
8,386
-

8,386

  A taxation benefit arising from the disposal of certain US operations in prior years, which previously had not been recognised in the 

financial statements, has now been finalised. This has given rise to a gain, which by virtue of its scale and nature, has been separately
disclosed as an exceptional item in the financial statements.

The tax on the Group’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the corporation tax rate in Ireland, 
as follows:

Profit before tax (pre-exceptional items)

Tax calculated at Irish rate of 12.5% (2004: 12.5%)
Earnings at reduced and higher Irish rates

  Difference in effective tax rates on overseas earnings
  Utilisation of previously unrecognised tax losses
  Adjustment to tax charge in respect of previous periods

Tax on profits of joint ventures and associates shown in profit before tax
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes and other differences

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

68,715

79,011

8,589
(759)
3,072
(3,781)
(59)
(116)
646

9,876
(937)
(451)
(7)
(1,363)
(190)
1,458

Pre-exceptional tax charge

7,592

8,386

  Details of deferred tax charged or credited directly to equity during the year are outlined in note 33.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

13  Discontinued operations
  On 23 February 2004, the Group publicly announced its intention to sell a 75% interest in its UK hard cheese business 

(Glanbia Foods Limited). The sales, results, cash flows and net assets of this business were as follows:

Sales

  Operating costs
Loss on disposal 
Loss from operations
Finance cost
Loss before tax
Tax

Loss for the year from discontinued operations

  Cash flows of discontinued operations up to date of disposal:
  Operating cash flows
Investing cash flows

Total cash flows

The loss on disposal recognised in the year was determined as follows:

  Net assets sold
  Costs of disposal
  Write-back of goodwill
Proceeds from sale
Loss on disposal
Provision for loss on disposal in prior year

Loss on disposal recognised in the year

The net cash inflow on sale is determined as follows:
Proceeds from sale, net of disposal costs
Less secured loan note received as part proceeds

  Net cash inflow on sale

14  Earnings per share

Basic

2 0 0 5
3’000

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-
-

-

-
-
-
-
-
-

-

-
-

-

2 0 0 4
3’000

92,400
(91,481)
(2,520)
(1,601)
-
(1,601)
-

(1,601)

(19,010)
(224)

(19,234)

(153,520)
(13,149)
(30,517)
145,520
(51,666)
49,146

(2,520)

132,371
(49,094)

83,277

  Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to equity holders of the Company by the weighted

average number of ordinary shares in issue during the year, excluding ordinary shares purchased by the Group and held as treasury
shares (note 28).

Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4
3’000

61,327

61,119

  Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 

291,469,902

290,617,359

  Basic earnings per share (cent per share)

21.04

21.03

The basic earnings per share, excluding the results of discontinued operations, for the year 2004 is 21.58 cent per share.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
77

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

14  Earnings per share (continued)

Diluted

  Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume 

conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. Share options are dilutive potential ordinary shares. In respect of share options, 
a calculation is done to determine the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average 
annual market share price of the Company’s shares) based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to outstanding
share options. The number of shares calculated is compared with the number of shares that would have been issued assuming the 
exercise of the share options.

  Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 
  Adjustments for share options 

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 4

291,469,902
1,134,139

290,617,359
1,532,995

  Adjusted weighted average number of ordinary shares 

292,604,041

292,150,354

  Diluted earnings per share (cent per share)

20.96

20.92

The diluted earnings per share, excluding the results of discontinued operations, for the year 2004 is 21.47 cent per share.

  At year end options over 1,505,000 ordinary shares could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future but are anti-dilutive

during the year ended 31 December 2005.

Adjusted

Profit attributable to equity holders of the Company
Exceptional items

  Adjusted earnings per share (cent per share)

  Diluted adjusted earnings per share (cent per share)

2 0 0 5
3’000

61,327
(521)

2 0 0 4
3’000

61,119
(1,294)

60,806

59,825

20.86

20.78

20.59

20.48

15  Dividends

The dividends paid in 2005 and 2004 were 215.6 million (5.36 cent per share) and 214.8 million (5.10 cent per share) respectively. 
An interim dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2005 of 2.27 cent per share was paid during the year. A final dividend
of 3.24 cent per share, amounting to a total dividend in respect of 2005 of 216.1 million (5.51 cent per share), is to be proposed at 
the Annual General Meeting on 16 May 2006. These financial statements do not reflect this final dividend payable.

 
 
 
 
78

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

16  Property, plant and equipment

  At 4 January 2004
  Cost 
  Accumulated depreciation

  Net book amount

  Year ended 1 January 2005
  Opening net book amount
Exchange differences

  Additions
  Disposals

Reclassification

  Depreciation charge 

  Closing net book amount

  At 1 January 2005
  Cost 
  Accumulated depreciation

  Net book amount

  Year ended 31 December 2005
  Opening net book amount
Exchange differences

  Acquisition of subsidiaries (note 42)
  Additions
  Disposals

Reclassification

  Depreciation charge 

  Closing net book amount

  At 31 December 2005
  Cost 
  Accumulated depreciation

  Net book amount

L a n d   a n d 
b u i l d i n g s
3’000

P l a n t   a n d 
e q u i p m e n t
3’000

M o t o r 
v e h i c l e s
3’000

To t a l
3’000

176,838
(53,460)

459,426
(303,751)

17,805
(16,480)

654,069
(373,691)

123,378

155,675

1,325

280,378

123,378
(1,537)
9,289
(77)
-
(6,726)

155,675
(5,252)
44,259
(637)
1,063
(17,873)

1,325
(6)
421
249
(1,063)
(431)

280,378
(6,795)
53,969
(465)
-
(25,030)

124,327

177,235

495

302,057

184,019
(59,692)

495,186
(317,951)

17,359
(16,864)

696,564
(394,507)

124,327

177,235

495

302,057

124,327
3,644
1,637
11,573
(3,210)
(1,054)
(3,783)

177,235
9,247
1,146
31,334
(3,035)
1,054
(19,192)

495
16
32
1,159
(79)
-
(543)

302,057
12,907
2,815
44,066
(6,324)
-
(23,518)

133,134

197,789

1,080

332,003

194,766
(61,632)

527,039
(329,250)

18,204
(17,124)

740,009
(408,006)

133,134

197,789

1,080

332,003

The total depreciation expense of 223,517,839 (2004: 225,030,355) has been charged as follows: 221,230,641 (2004: 223,478,484) to cost of sales, 
21,915,298 (2004: 2753,164) to distribution costs and 2371,900 (2004: 2798,707) to administration expenses.

  As required by IAS 16, a review of the useful lives of the Group’s property, plant and equipment was carried out during the year. This resulted in the 
revision of the remaining useful lives of certain buildings with an overall reduction in the depreciation charge of 22,146,000, as compared with the 
previous useful lives.

 
 
 
 
 
79

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

16  Property, plant and equipment (continued)

Leased assets, comprising plant and equipment, included in the table on page 78, where the Group is a lessee under a finance lease, comprise 
as follows:

  Cost — capitalised finance leases
  Accumulated depreciation

  Net book amount

2 0 0 5
3’000

34,898
(22,180)

2 0 0 4
3’000

35,370
(22,540)

12,718

12,830

  Operating lease rentals amounting to 28,564,871 (2004: 28,224,632) are included in the income statement.

Included in the cost of plant and equipment is an amount of 214,881,934 (2004: 215,823,108) incurred in respect of assets under construction.

  Borrowing costs incurred on significant capital projects are capitalised. The amount capitalised, using the Group’s incremental cost of borrowing, 

amounted to 2623,000 in 2005 (2004: 2nil).

17  Intangible assets

  At 4 January 2004
  Cost 
  Accumulated amortisation and impairment

  Net book amount

  Year ended 1 January 2005
  Opening net book amount
Exchange differences

  Additions
  Acquisition of subsidiaries 
  Amortisation

G o o d w i l l
3’000

O t h e r 
i n t a n g i b l e s
3’000

S o f t w a r e
3’000

D e v e l o p m e n t
c o s t s
3’000

2,466
-

2,466

2,466
(60)
-
10,157
-

-
-

-

-
-
-
4,362
(35)

27,422
(8,216)

19,206

19,206
(45)
3,170
-
(2,523)

  Closing net book amount

12,563

4,327

19,808

  At 1 January 2005
  Cost 
  Accumulated amortisation and impairment

12,563
-

4,362
(35)

30,547
(10,739)

  Net book amount

12,563

4,327

19,808

  Year ended 31 December 2005
  Opening net book amount
Exchange differences

  Additions
  Disposals
  Acquisition of subsidiaries (note 42)

Reclassification

  Amortisation/impairment charge 

12,563
33
493
-
8,968
1,035
-

4,327
-
-
-
8,905
(1,035)
(529)

19,808
210
4,652
(508)
-
-
(2,784)

-
-
1,825
-
-
-
-

-
-

-

-
-
-
-
-

-

-
-

-

To t a l
3’000

29,888
(8,216)

21,672

21,672
(105)
3,170
14,519
(2,558)

36,698

47,472
(10,774)

36,698

36,698
243
6,970
(508)
17,873
-
(3,313)

  Closing net book amount

23,092

11,668

21,378

1,825

57,963

  At 31 December 2005
  Cost 
  Accumulated amortisation and impairment

23,092
-

12,232
(564)

34,995
(13,617)

1,825
-

72,144
(14,181)

  Net book amount

23,092

11,668

21,378

1,825

57,963

  Other intangibles include intellectual property (primarily unpatented know-how) and brands recognised at the time of acquisition of subsidiary 
undertakings. The amounts included above on acquisition of subsidiaries are provisional valuations of the intangible assets relating to Pro-Fibe 
and CMP.

 
 
 
 
 
 
80

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

17  Intangible assets (continued)
Impairment tests for goodwill

  Goodwill is allocated to the Group’s cash-generating units (CGUs) identified according to country of operation and business segment.

  A segment level summary of the goodwill allocation is presented below:

  At 1 January 2005

Ireland
Rest of Europe

  USA /other

  At 31 December 2005

Ireland
Rest of Europe

  USA /other

C o n s u m e r
F o o d s
3’000

F o o d
I n g r e d i e n t s
3’000

A g r i -
b u s i n e s s
a n d   P r o p e r t y
3’000

774
-
-

774

4,135
-
-

540
9,789
789

11,118

540
16,580
1,146

4,135

18,266

671
-
-

671

691
-
-

691

To t a l
3’000

1,985
9,789
789

12,563

5,366
16,580
1,146

23,092

The recoverable amount of a CGU is determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations use cash flow projections based on financial 
budgets approved by management covering a three year period. Cash flows beyond the three year period are extrapolated using estimated growth 
rates consistent with forecasts included in industry reports. Gross margin assumptions are based on past performance and management’s expectations 
for market development. Discount rates used reflect specific risks relating to the relevant segments.

The value in use calculations are prepared using discount rates, which range from 7.5% to 10%.

18  Investments in associates

  At the beginning of the year

Share of profit after tax
Exchange differences

  Additions
  Disposals
  Deferred tax liability 

  At the end of the year

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

1,395
-
-
-
-
-

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

10,918
341
182
-
(190)
(161)

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

 1,395 
-
-
-
-
-

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

10,382
149
-
387
-
-

1,395

11,090

1,395

10,918

The Group’s share of the results of principal associates, all of which are unlisted, and its share of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities are 
as follows:

2004

  Co-operative Animal Health Limited

South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited

  Malting Company of Ireland Limited
South East Port Services Limited

  Westgate Biological Limited
  Other

A s s e t s
3’000

7,677
1,758
5,494
4,111
244
425

L i a b i l i t i e s
3’000

R e v e n u e s
3’000

4,972
353
3,260
2,275
46
273

13,205
1,651
2,769
1,220
-
1,166

19,709

11,179

20,011

I n t e r e s t 
h e l d
%

50
57
33.33
49
28

P r o f i t   / 
( l o s s )
3’000

141
(136)
26
228
(152)
42

149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
81

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

18  Investments in associates (continued)

2005

  Co-operative Animal Health Limited

South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited

  Malting Company of Ireland Limited
South East Port Services Limited

  Westgate Biological Limited
  Other

A s s e t s
3’000

8,578
1,839
4,939
4,004
80
475

L i a b i l i t i e s
3’000

R e v e n u e s
3’000

5,718
449
2,562
1,989
38
288

14,664
1,642
3,458
1,223
-
1,210

19,915

11,044

22,197

Further details in relation to principal associates are outlined in note 45.

19  Investments in joint ventures

  At the beginning of the year

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39
Share of profit/(loss) after tax

  Actuarial loss on defined benefit pension scheme

Exchange differences

  Additions

  At the end of the year

The following amounts represent the Group’s share of the assets and liabilities, and revenue and results in joint ventures:

  Assets 
  Non-current assets 
  Current assets 

Liabilities 
Long-term liabilities 

  Current liabilities 

  Net assets 

Revenue 
Expenses 

Profit after income tax 

P r o f i t   / 
( l o s s )
3’000

155
(15)
143
179
(156)
35

341

2 0 0 5
3’000

48,281
(72)
591
-
6,573
4,459

I n t e r e s t 
h e l d
%

50
57
33.33
49
28

2 0 0 4
3’000

11,822
-
(1,672)
(436)
(366)
38,933

59,832

48,281

2 0 0 5
3’000

118,802
33,355

2 0 0 4
3’000

61,477
25,155

152,157

86,632

61,948
30,377

22,599
15,752

92,325

38,351

59,832

48,281

90,187
(89,596)

75,016
(76,688)

591

(1,672)

Proportionate interest in joint venture’s commitments

510

138

  A listing and description of interests in significant joint ventures is outlined in note 45.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
82

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

20 Investments

  Balance at 1 January 2005

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39

O t h e r 
i n v e s t m e n t s

A v a i l a b l e 
f o r   s a l e 
i n v e s t m e n t s

O t h e r   i n v e s t m e n t s

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

512,174
-

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

28,672
1,165

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

515,253
-

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

12,224
-

  Restated balance at 2 January 2005

512,174

29,837

515,253

12,224

Exchange differences

  Acquisition of subsidiaries (note 42)
  Disposals/redemption
  Additions

-
-
(1,705)
-

460
14
(3,977)
3,177

-
-
(3,079)
-

-
-
(442)
16,890

  Balance at 31 December 2005

510,469

29,511

512,174

28,672

  Non-current 
  Current

510,469
-

29,511
-

512,174
-

28,672
-

510,469

29,511

512,174

28,672

The Group has availed of the option under IFRS to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not the comparative period. 
Therefore, the 2004 figures above are stated at cost less provision for impairment, rather than at fair value.

Investments include the following:

Listed securities
— Equity securities — eurozone countries

  Unlisted securities

— The Cheese Company Holdings Limited
— Irish Dairy Board
— Glanbia Enterprise Fund Limited
— Moorepark Technology Limited
— Other Group companies

Loan to joint venture

  Other

O t h e r 
i n v e s t m e n t s

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

A v a i l a b l e 
f o r   s a l e 
i n v e s t m e n t s

O t h e r   i n v e s t m e n t s

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

1

762

19

80

-
-
1,290
-
509,178

-
-

14,481
9,215
1,290
245
-

2,905
613

-
-
1,290
-
510,865

-
-

11,009
9,555
1,290
289
-

5,658
791

510,469

29,511

512,174

28,672

  Available for sale investments are fair valued annually at the close of business on 31 December. For investments traded in active markets, fair value is 
determined by reference to Stock Exchange quoted bid prices. For other investments, fair value is estimated by reference to the current market value 
of similar instruments or by reference to cash flows discounted using a rate based on the market interest rate and the risk premium specific to the 
unlisted securities. 

The Group has availed of the option under IFRS 1 to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not the comparative period. 
Therefore, values stated above in respect of 2004 continue to represent the cost of the particular investments.

  Available for sale investments are classified as non-current assets, unless they are expected to be realised within 12 months of the balance sheet date 

or unless they will need to be sold to raise operating capital.

The Group’s 25% interest in The Cheese Company Holdings Limited has not been treated as an associated undertaking as the company is controlled 
by its majority shareholders and the Group does not have significant influence over its operations.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21  Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Less provision for impairment of receivables

Trade receivables — net
Prepayments
Receivable from associates and joint ventures
Loans to related parties
Valued added tax
  Other receivables

Less non-current portion: loans to related parties

83

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

-
-

-
934
-
-
-
-

934
-

934

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

120,560
(11,716)

108,844
15,378
1,529
56,874
5,670
12,189

200,484
(56,874)

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

-
-

-
1,481
-
-
-
-

1,481
-

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

152,610
(12,143)

140,467
15,179
716
51,942
5,623
10,637

224,564
(51,942)

143,610

1,481

172,622

The Stg£35 million subordinated secured loan note was granted by The Cheese Company Holdings Limited in 2004, representing part proceeds 
arising on the sale by the Group of its 75% interest in its UK hard cheese business. The loan note yields interest at 1.75% above LIBOR. The principle 
amount and compounded interest is repayable over 40 quarterly instalments from 1 April 2008 to 1 January 2018. 

  Under a Debt Purchase Agreement with a financial institution, the Group has transferred credit risk and retained late payment risk on certain trade 
receivables, amounting to 225 million. The Group has continued to recognise an asset of 2549,000, representing the extent of its continuing 
involvement, and an associated liability of a similar amount.

The fair values of receivables are not materially different to the book values. The net movement in the provision for impairment of receivables has been 
included in distribution expenses in the income statement.

There is no concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables, as the Group has a large number of customers, internationally dispersed.

22 Inventories 

Raw materials
Finished goods
Expense

2 0 0 5
3’000

21,404
107,512
15,334

2 0 0 4
3’000

11,140
110,525
11,754

144,250

133,419

Included in the above are inventories carried at fair value less costs to sell amounting to 234.2 million (2004: 220.2 million).

23 Cash and cash equivalents

2 0 0 5 
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

  Cash at bank and in hand

16,281

104,405

1,507

51,625

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
84

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

24 Reconciliation of changes in equity

Notes

S h a r e 
c a p i t a l
3’000
(note 25)

O t h e r 
r e s e r v e s
3’000
(note 26)

R e t a i n e d 
e a r n i n g s
3’000
(note 27)

M i n o r i t y
i n t e r e s t
3’000
(note 31)

To t a l
3’000

  Restated balance at 4 January 2004

94,321

116,388

(104,194)

121,430

227,945

  Actuarial loss — defined benefit schemes
  Deferred tax on pension loss
  Currency translation differences
  Net income/(expense) recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year
Total recognised income for 2004

Increase in minority interest in subsidiaries
Shares issued
Premium on shares issued

  Cost of share options

Sharesave Scheme — discount cost
Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
  Dividend paid to non-equity minority interest
  Dividends paid in 2004

  Balance at 1 January 2005

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39
— Financial derivatives and available 

for sale investments
Reclassification as borrowings

  Restated balance at 2 January 2005

  Actuarial loss — defined benefit schemes
  Deferred tax on pension loss
  Currency translation differences

Fair value adjustments

  Net expense recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year

  Recognised income post IAS 32/39

Total recognised income for 2005

  Change in minority interest in subsidiaries

Shares issued
Premium on shares issued

  Cost of share options

Sharesave Scheme — discount cost
Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options

  Dividends paid in 2005

34
33

25
25
29
29
25
29

5
31

34
33

26

25
25
29
29
25
29

-
-
-
-
-
-

-
8
207
-
-
546
126
-
-
887

-
-
43
43
-
43

-
-
-
76
33
-
(126)
-
-
(17)

(45,755)
5,059
788
(39,908)
61,119
21,211

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(14,814)
(14,814)

-
-
(6,088)
(6,088)
10,800
4,712

1
-
-
-
-
-
-
(9,674)
-
(9,673)

(45,755)
5,059
(5,257)
(45,953)
71,919
25,966

1
8
207
76
33
546
-
(9,674)
(14,814)
(23,617)

95,208

116,414

(97,797)

116,469

230,294

-
-

3,017
-

(5,609)
-

-
(110,384)

(2,592)
(110,384)

95,208

119,431

(103,406)

6,085

117,318

-
-
-
-

-
-
-

-

-
28
703
-
-
1,645
380
-
2,756

-
-
(1,378)
(873)

(2,251)
-
(2,251)

766

-
-
-
161
98
-
(380)
-
(121)

(42,303)
4,054
(1,664)
-

(39,913)
61,327
21,414

15,805

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(15,612)
(15,612)

-
-
-
-

-
317
317

317

(103)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(103)

(42,303)
4,054
(3,042)
(873)

(42,164)
61,644
19,480

16,888

(103)
28
703
161
98
1,645
-
(15,612)
(13,080)

  Balance at 31 December 2005

97,964

117,059

(97,604)

6,299

123,718

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
85

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

25 Share capital

  Company

  At 4 January 2004

Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
Issue of shares — option scheme

  At 1 January 2005

Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
Issue of shares — option scheme

N u m b e r   o f 
s h a r e s
(thousands)

O r d i n a r y 
s h a r e s
3’000

292,514
-
-
130

292,644
-
-
472

17,551
-
-
8

17,559
-
-
28

S h a r e 
p r e m i u m 
C o m p a n y
3’000

435,273
-
-
207

435,480
-
-
703

O w n   s h a r e s
3’000

(3,235)
546
126
-

(2,563)
1,645
380
-

To t a l 
C o m p a n y
3’000

449,589
546
126
215

450,476
1,645
380
731

  At 31 December 2005

293,116

17,587

436,183

(538)

453,232

  Group

  At 4 January 2004

Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
Issue of shares — option scheme

  At 1 January 2005

Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
Issue of shares — option scheme

N u m b e r   o f 
S h a r e s
(thousands)

O r d i n a r y 
S h a r e s
3’000

292,514
-
-
130

292,644
-
-
472

17,551
-
-
8

17,559
-
-
28

S h a r e 
P r e m i u m 
G r o u p
3’000

80,005
-
-
207

80,212
-
-
703

O w n   S h a r e s
3’000

(3,235)
546
126
-

(2,563)
1,645
380
-

To t a l 
G r o u p
3’000

94,321
546
126
215

95,208
1,645
380
731

  At 31 December 2005

293,116

17,587

80,915

(538)

97,964

The total authorised number of ordinary shares is 306 million shares (2004: 306 million shares) with a par value of 20.06 per share 
(2004: 20.06 per share). All issued shares are fully paid.

Share options
Share options are granted to Directors and to employees. Movements in the number of share options outstanding are as follows:

  At the beginning of the year
  Granted

Exercised
Lapsed

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 4

A v e r a g e
e x e r c i s e
  p r i c e   i n   3
p e r   s h a r e

2.34
-
1.55
3.78

A v e r a g e 
e x e r c i s e
  p r i c e   i n   3
p e r   s h a r e

2.10
2.70
1.66
1.86

N u m b e r   o f
o p t i o n s

3,608,500
-
(471,500)
(130,000)

N u m b e r   o f
o p t i o n s

2,949,500
1,295,000
(130,000)
(506,000)

  At the end of the year

2.41

3,007,000

2.34

3,608,500

Sharesave Scheme (note 28)

Total at the end of the year

1.20

109,913

1.20

1,513,570

3,116,913

5,122,070

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
86

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

25 Share capital (continued)

  Expiry date in

2006
2008
2008
2012
2013
2014
2014

E x e r c i s e
  p r i c e

1.20
Stg£2.90
4.25
1.55
1.90
2.73
2.47

2 0 0 5
N u m b e r   o f 
o p t i o n s

109,913
10,000
390,000
1,192,000
160,000
1,105,000
150,000

2 0 0 4
N u m b e r   o f 
o p t i o n s

1,513,570
10,000
480,000
1,663,500
160,000
1,145,000
150,000

3,116,913

5,122,070

Total options over 2,607,000 ordinary shares were outstanding at 31 December 2005 under the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”), at prices 
ranging between 21.55 and 22.73. Furthermore, in accordance with the terms of the LTIP, certain executives to whom options were granted in 2002 
and 2004 are eligible to receive share awards related to the number of ordinary shares which they hold on the second anniversary of the exercise of 
the option, up to a maximum of 191,300 ordinary shares.

In May 2002, the Company established an Employee Share Trust to operate in connection with the Company’s Sharesave Scheme. As detailed in 
note 28 to the financial statements, the Employee Share Trust held 364,485 ordinary shares at 31 December 2005. In accordance with the terms of 
the Company’s 2002 Sharesave Scheme, options over 109,913 ordinary shares which were granted in 2002, remain outstanding on 31 December 2005 
and are exercisable, under normal circumstances, in 2006. The dividend rights in respect of these shares have been waived.

  Options over 400,000 ordinary shares, which were granted in 1998, under the Avonmore Foods plc 1988 Share Option Scheme remain outstanding 

at a price of 24.25 or Stg£2.90.

  Under the LTIP and the 1988 Share Option Scheme, options cannot be exercised before the expiration of three years from the date of grant and can 

only be exercised if a predetermined performance criterion for the Group has been achieved. The performance criterion is that there has been an 
increase in the adjusted earnings per share of the Group of at least the Consumer Price Index plus 5% over a three year period.

The fair value of share options had been calculated using the Trinomial Model. Options over 1,701,913 ordinary shares were exercisable 
at 31 December 2005.

26 Other reserves

  Restated balance at 4 January 2004

Translation differences on foreign currency net investments

  Cost of share options
  Discount on own shares vested

Sharesave Scheme — discount cost

  Balance at 1 January 2005

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39

  Restated balance at 2 January 2005

Translation differences on foreign currency net investments

  Gains on interest rate swaps

Foreign exchange contracts — loss in year
Transfers to income statement
— Foreign exchange contracts
— Available for sale investments
Revaluation of forward commodity contracts

  Deferred tax on fair value adjustments
  Cost of share options
  Discount on own shares vested

Sharesave Scheme — discount cost

C a p i t a l   a n d 
m e r g e r s 
r e s e r v e s
3’000

116,388

-
76
(126)
33

116,371

-

116,371

-
-
-

-
-
-
-
161
(380)
98

Notes

29
29
29

5

29
29
29

C u r r e n c y 
r e s e r v e
3’000

F a i r   v a l u e 
r e s e r v e s
3’000

To t a l
3’000

116,388

43
76
(126)
33

116,414

-

-
-
-
-

-

3,017

3,017

3,017

119,431

-
2,467
(1,466)

(1,631)
(410)
(253)
420
-
-
-

(1,378)
2,467
(1,466)

(1,631)
(410)
(253)
420
161
(380)
98

-

43
-
-
-

43

-

43

(1,378)
-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-

  Balance at 31 December 2005

116,250

(1,335)

2,144

117,059

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
87

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

27 Retained earnings

C o m p a n y 
r e t a i n e d 
e a r n i n g s
3’000

G r o u p 
r e t a i n e d 
e a r n i n g s
3’000

G r o u p
g o o d w i l l
w r i t e - o f f
3’000

G r o u p

To t a l
3’000

  Restated balance at 4 January 2004

25,429

(10,445)

(93,749)

(104,194)

  Actuarial loss — defined benefit schemes
  Deferred tax on pension loss
  Currency translation differences
  Net (expense)/income recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year

  Recognised income for 2004

  Dividends paid in 2004

  Balance at 1 January 2005

-
-
-
-
28,470

(45,755)
5,059
-
(40,696)
61,119

28,470

20,423

(14,814)

(14,814)

-
-
788
788
-

788

-

(45,755)
5,059
788
(39,908)
61,119

21,211

(14,814)

39,085

(4,836)

(92,961)

(97,797)

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39 (note 5)

-

(5,609)

-

(5,609)

  Restated balance at 2 January 2005

39,085

(10,445)

(92,961)

(103,406)

  Actuarial loss — defined benefit schemes
  Deferred tax on pension loss
  Currency translation differences
  Net expense recognised directly in equity

Profit for the year

  Recognised income/(expense) post IAS 32/39

-
-
-
-
23,964
23,964

(42,303)
4,054
-
(38,249)
61,327
23,078

-
-
(1,664)
(1,664)
-
(1,664)

(42,303)
4,054
(1,664)
(39,913)
61,327
21,414

Total recognised income/(expense) for 2005

23,964

17,469

(1,664)

15,805

  Dividends paid in 2005

(15,612)

(15,612)

-

(15,612)

  Balance at 31 December 2005

47,437

(2,979)

(94,625)

(97,604)

28 Own shares

  At the beginning of the year 

Sharesave Scheme — options exercised
Sharesave Scheme — discount on options

  At the end of the year

2 0 0 5
3’000

(2,563)
1,645
380

2 0 0 4
3’000

(3,235)
546
126

(538)

(2,563)

The amount included above as own shares relates to 364,485 (2004: 1,734,949) ordinary shares in Glanbia plc held by an Employee Share Trust which 
was established in May 2002 to operate in connection with the Company’s Saving Related Share Option Scheme (“Sharesave Scheme”). The trustee of 
the Employee Share Trust is Mourant & Co; a Jersey based trustee services company.

The shares purchased by the Employee Trust cost 2538,344 and had a market value of 2874,764 at 31 December 2005. The transfer from capital 
reserve represents the excess of the purchase price over the option price in respect of 1,370,464 ordinary shares (2004: 455,049 ordinary shares) 
on which options vested during the year.

The purpose of the Sharesave Scheme, which was open to Irish and UK employees, was to provide a tax efficient method for employees to save 
money for the purpose of acquiring shares in the Company. To participate in the Sharesave Scheme in 2002, employees agreed to save a fixed 
amount between 212 and 2320 (Stg£10 and Stg£250 in the UK) each month for a three year period in a Revenue approved Save as You Earn 
(“SAYE”) contract.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
88

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

29 Capital reserves

  At the beginning of the year

Sharesave Scheme — discount on options
Sharesave Scheme — discount cost

  Cost of share options

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

4,624
(380)
98
161

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

3,223
(380)
98
161

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

4,641
(126)
33
76

2 0 0 4 
G r o u p
3’000

3,240
(126)
33
76

  At the end of the year

4,503

3,102

4,624

3,223

30 Merger reserve

Share premium — representing excess of fair value over nominal value of ordinary shares issued 
in connection with the merger of Avonmore Foods plc and Waterford Foods plc

  Merger adjustment  

Share premium and other reserves relating to nominal value of shares in Waterford Foods plc 

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

355,271
(327,085)
84,962

355,271
(327,085)
84,962

113,148

113,148

The merger adjustment represents the difference between the nominal value of the issued share capital of Waterford Foods plc, 
and the fair value of the shares issued by Avonmore Foods plc in 1997 (now named Glanbia plc).

31  Minority interests

  At the beginning of the year
Reclassified as borrowings
Share of profit for the year
  Currency translation adjustment
  Dividend paid

Reduction in minority interest in subsidiaries
Increase in minority interest in subsidiaries

  At the end of the year

2 0 0 5 
E q u i t y
3’000

6,085
-
317
-
-
(104)
1

6,299

2 0 0 5
N o n - e q u i t y
3’000

110,384
(110,384)
-
-
-
-
-

2 0 0 4 
E q u i t y
3’000

5,671
-
413
-
-
-
1

2 0 0 4 
N o n - e q u i t y
3’000

115,759
-
10,387
(6,088)
(9,674)
-
-

-

6,085

110,384

The Group has availed of the option under IFRS 1 to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not the comparative period. 
On 2 January 2005, the non-equity minority interests were reclassified as borrowings.

  Non-equity minority interest in 2004 included US$100 million 7.99% cumulative guaranteed preferred securities which were prepaid on 15 June 2005. 

It also included 238.2 million 8.50% cumulative redeemable preference shares.

32 Borrowings

  Current
  Bank overdrafts 

Finance lease liabilities

  Non-current
  Bank borrowings
  Cumulative redeemable preference shares

Finance lease liabilities

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

-
-
-

3,397
-
-
3,397

2 0 0 5
G r o u p
3’000

-
330
330

281,581
37,986
160
319,727

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y
3’000

-
-
-

3,397
-
-
3,397

2 0 0 4
G r o u p
3’000

2,958
551
3,509

198,224
-
458
198,682

Total borrowings

3,397

320,057

3,397

202,191

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
89

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

32 Borrowings (continued)
  Bank borrowings are secured by cross-guarantees from Group companies. Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the leased asset 

revert to the lessor in the event of default. 

The 8.50% cumulative redeemable preference shares were classified as non-equity minority interest in the prior year.

The maturity of non-current borrowings is as follows:

  Between 1 and 2 years
  Between 2 and 5 years
  Over 5 years

2 0 0 5
3’000

38,146
281,581
-

2 0 0 4 
3’000

102,127
160
96,395

319,727

198,682

The exposure of the Group’s total borrowings to interest rate changes having consideration for the interest rate swaps in place and the contractual 
repricing dates at the balance sheet date are as follows:

6 months or less
6 to 12 months
1 to 5 years

2 0 0 5
3’000

163,598
-
156,459

2 0 0 4 
3’000

161,923
7,073
33,195

320,057

202,191

The effective interest rates at the balance sheet date, having consideration for the interest rate swaps in place, were as follows:

  Bank overdrafts
  Bank borrowings

E U R
2 0 0 5 

3.06%
5.23%

2 0 0 4

2.96%
* 4.85%

G B P
2 0 0 5 

5.10%
5.21%

2 0 0 4

5.50%
6.27%

U S D
2 0 0 5

9.25%
4.69%

2 0 0 4

7.25%
* 6.39%

*

The rates for 2004 have been restated for comparative purposes and include the effect of the 238.2 million 8.50% cumulative redeemable 
preference shares (EUR), and the US$100 million 7.99% cumulative guaranteed preferred securities (USD), which for 2004 are classified in 
the balance sheet as non-equity minority interest.

The carrying amounts and fair values of non-current borrowings are as follows:

  N e t 
c a r r y i n g 
a m o u n t 
2 0 0 5
3’000

  E s t i m a t e d 
f a i r   v a l u e s 
2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

  Non-current borrowings

319,727

198,682

322,783

198,682

The carrying amounts of the Group’s total borrowings are denominated in the following currencies:

Euro

  GBP Sterling
  US Dollar

2 0 0 5 
3’000

95,793
74,074
150,190

2 0 0 4 
3’000

76,593
80,294
45,304

320,057

202,191

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

32 Borrowings (continued)

The Group has the following undrawn borrowing facilities:

Floating rate: 
— Expiring within one year
— Expiring beyond one year

Finance lease liabilities minimum lease payments: 

  Not later than 1 year

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years

Future finance charges on finance leases

Present value of finance lease liabilities

The present value of finance lease liabilities is as follows:

  Not later than 1 year

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years

2 0 0 5
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

17,856
158,327

17,782
171,977

176,183

189,759

343
164

507
 (17)

490

330
160

490

593
476

1,069
(60)

1,009

551
458

1,009

33 Deferred income taxes
  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities 
and when the deferred income taxes relate to the same fiscal authority. The following amounts, determined after appropriate offsetting, are shown 
in the consolidated balance sheet:

  Deferred tax assets

  Deferred tax liabilities

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

  At the beginning of the year

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39
Income statement — pre-exceptional charge (note 12)
Income statement — exceptional credit
Transfer to associate

  Acquisition of subsidiary and purchase of intellectual property

Transfer arising on discontinued operations

  Deferred tax charged to the fair value reserve (note 26)
  Deferred tax credit relating to the actuarial loss in the year 

Exchange differences

  At the end of the year

2 0 0 5 
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

(15,869)

(12,299)

34,471

30,375

18,602

18,076

2 0 0 5 
3’000

18,076
630
6,879
(6,421)
(161)
1,791
-
(420)
(4,054)
2,282

2 0 0 4 
3’000

20,638
-
3,526
-
-
-
315
-
(5,059)
(1,344)

18,602

18,076

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
91

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

33 Deferred income taxes (continued)

The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within the same 
tax jurisdiction, is as follows:

  Deferred tax liabilities

  At 4 January 2004
  Charged/(credited) to income statement

Transfer arising on discontinued operations
Exchange differences

  At 1 January 2005

Implementation of IAS 32 and IAS 39
  Charged/(credited) to income statement
  Credited to equity (note 26)

Transfer to associate

  Acquisition of subsidiaries and intellectual property

Exchange differences

  At 31 December 2005

A c c e l e r a t e d 
t a x 
d e p r e c i a t i o n
3’000

F a i r   v a l u e 
g a i n s
3’000

D e f e r r e d 
d e v e l o p m e n t
c o s t s
3’000

20,967
3,278
315
(1,122)

23,438

-
4,144
-
-
104
2,056

29,742

-
-
-
-

-

630
-
(420)
-
-
-

210

-
-
-
-

-

-
228
-
-
-
-

228

O t h e r
3’000

7,265
(106)
-
(222)

To t a l
3’000

28,232
3,172
315
(1,344)

6,937

30,375

-
(4,398)
-
(161)
1,687
226

630
(26)
(420)
(161)
1,791
2,282

4,291

34,471

  Deferred tax assets

  At 4 January 2004
  Charged to income statement
  Credited to equity

  At 1 January 2005

  Charged to income statement
  Credited to equity

  At 31 December 2005

The deferred tax credited to equity during the year is as follows: 

Fair value reserves in shareholders equity
— Available for sale investments 
— Hedging reserve
Impact of increase in retirement benefit obligations

R e t i r e m e n t 
o b l i g a t i o n s
3’000

I m p a i r m e n t 
o f   a s s e t s
3’000

Ta x   l o s s e s
3’000

O t h e r
3’000

(7,594)
354
(5,059)

(12,299)

484
(4,054)

(15,869)

-
-
-

-

-
-

-

-
-
-

-

-
-

-

-
-
-

-

-
-

-

2 0 0 5 
3’000

(82)
(338)
(4,054)

To t a l
3’000

(7,594)
354
(5,059)

(12,299)

484
(4,054)

(15,869)

2 0 0 4 
3’000

-
-
(5,059)

The increase in retirement benefit obligations has given rise to the recognition of a deferred tax asset on the basis that the realisation of the 
related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable.

  Deferred tax assets are recognised for tax loss carry forwards to the extent that realisation of the related tax benefit through the future taxable profits 

is probable. The Group has unrecognised tax losses of 267.2 million (2004: 255.8 million) to carry forward against future taxable income.

  Deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised for withholding tax and other taxes that would be payable on the unremitted earnings of certain 

subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures.

(4,474)

(5,059)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
92

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

34 Retirement benefit obligations
  Pension benefits

The Group operates a number of defined benefit and defined contribution schemes which provide retirement and death benefits for the majority 
of employees. The schemes are funded through separate trustee controlled funds.

The contributions paid to the defined benefit schemes are in accordance with the advice of professionally qualified actuaries. The latest actuarial 
valuation reports for these schemes, which are not available for public inspection, are dated between 1 July 2002 and 5 April 2005. The contributions 
paid to the scheme in 2005 are in accordance with the contribution rates recommended in the actuarial valuation reports. 

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are determined as follows:
Present value of funded obligations
Fair value of plan assets

Liability in the balance sheet

The pension plan assets do not include the Company’s ordinary shares.

The amounts recognised in the income statement are as follows:

  Current service cost

Interest cost
Expected return on plan assets

  Curtailment

Total, included in staff costs (note 9)

The actual return on plan assets was 249.6 million (2004: 225.2 million).

The movement in the liability recognised in the balance sheet over the year is as follows:

  At the beginning of the year

Exchange differences

  Movements relating to disposed operations
Liability assumed on acquisition of CMP
Total expense — as shown above
  Actuarial losses — shown in equity
  Contributions paid

  At the end of the year

The movement in obligations over the year is as follows:

  At the beginning of the year

Exchange differences

  Movements relating to disposed operations
Liability assumed on acquisition of CMP

  Current service cost

Interest cost

  Actuarial losses — shown in equity
  Contributions by plan participants
  Curtailments
  Benefits paid

  At the end of the year

The movement in the fair value of plan assets over the year is as follows:

  At the beginning of the year

Exchange differences

  Movements relating to disposed operations

Expected return on plan assets
  Actuarial gains — shown in equity
  Contributions by plan participants
  Contributions by employer
  Curtailments
  Benefits paid

  At the end of the year

2 0 0 5 
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

(502,499)
337,483

(411,847)
285,171

(165,016)

(126,676)

(8,440)
(15,718)
16,908
723

(6,468)
(14,780)
15,611
-

(6,527)

(5,637)

(126,676)
(751)
(607)
(350)
(6,527)
(42,303)
12,198

(86,563)
54
(607)
-
(5,637)
(45,755)
11,832

(165,016)

(126,676)

(412,052)
(2,085)
(4,589)
(350)
(7,702)
(15,718)
(70,686)
(4,578)
2,929
10,986

(342,984)
151
(4,151)
-
(5,934)
(14,780)
(51,317)
(4,152)
-
11,115

(503,845)

(412,052)

285,376
1,334
3,982
16,908
28,383
4,578
11,460
(2,206)
(10,986)

256,421
(97)
3,544
15,611
6,040
4,152
10,820
-
(11,115)

388,829

285,376

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
93

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

34 Retirement benefit obligations (continued)

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

  Discount rate

Expected return on plan assets
Future salary increases
Future pension increases

2 0 0 5
I R L

U K

2 0 0 4
I R L

U K 

4.3%
4.8% – 8.5%
3.5%
2.25% – 3.5%

4.9% – 5.0%
4.1% – 8.0%
3.55%
2.0% – 3.25%

4.8%
4.8% – 8.5%
3.5%
2.25% – 3.5%

5.5%
4.0% – 8.5%
3.5%
1.85% – 3.25%

  Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and experience 

in each territory.

2 0 0 5 
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

  Actuarial losses recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense

42,303

45,755

  Cumulative actuarial losses recognised in the statement of recognised income and expense

88,058

45,755

Plan assets are comprised as follows:

Equity
  Bonds
  Other

2 0 0 5 
3’000

222,943
89,660
24,880

337,483

%

66
27
7

2 0 0 4 
3’000

173,525
83,746
27,900

%

61
29
10

100

285,171

100

The expected return on plan assets was determined by considering the expected returns available on the assets underlying the current investment 
policy. Expected yields on fixed interest investments are based on gross redemption yields as at the balance sheet date. Expected returns on equity 
and property reflect long-term real rates of return experienced in the respective markets.

Expected contributions to post-employment benefit plans for the year ending 31 December 2006 are broadly in line with 2005 contributions.

35 Provisions for other liabilities and charges

  At 1 January 2005
  Charged to the consolidated income statement

— Additional provisions
— Unused amounts reversed

  Net amounts charged/(credited) to provision

Exchange differences

R e s t r u c t u r i n g 
3’000

U K   P e n s i o n 
3’000

O t h e r 
3’000

To t a l 
3’000

1,291

5,000

348

6,639

15,669
            - 
 (8,527)
            - 

            - 
            - 
401
134

            - 
 (64)
200
53

15,669
 (64)
 (7,926)
187

  At 31 December 2005

8,433

5,535

537

14,505

  Non-current
  Current

            - 
8,433

5,535
            - 

537
            - 

6,072
8,433

8,433

5,535

537

14,505

(a)  The restructuring provision relates to amounts payable in respect of programmes commenced and committed to during 2005 in the Consumer Foods, 

Food Ingredients and Agribusiness and Property divisions. These amounts are expected to be paid during 2006.

(b)  The UK pension provision relates to administration and related costs associated with schemes within businesses disposed of in prior years.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
94

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

36 Capital grants

  At the beginning of the year

Receivable for year
In disposed subsidiaries
In acquired subsidiaries

  Currency translation adjustment
Released to income statement

  At the end of the year

37 Trade and other payables

Trade payables

  Amounts due to associates and joint ventures
  Amounts due to other related parties (note 43)
  Amounts due to subsidiary companies

PAYE and PRSI
  Accrued expenses
  Other payables

The fair value of payables are not materially different to the book values.

38 Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate swaps not qualifying as hedges
Interest rate swaps — cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps — fair value hedges
Forward foreign exchange contracts — cash flow hedges
Forward foreign exchange contracts — fair value hedges

  Other cash flow hedges
  Other fair value hedges

Total

Less non-current portion
Interest rate swaps — cash flow hedges

2 0 0 5 
3’000

15,276
772
-
231
-
 (1,424)

2 0 0 4 
3’000

16,611
3
 (115)
-
5
 (1,228)

14,855

15,276

2 0 0 5 
C o m p a n y
3’000

20
            - 
551
18,512
            - 
1,427
            - 

2 0 0 5 
G r o u p
3’000

118,874
10,823
6,271
            - 
3,677
134,526
4,412

2 0 0 4 
C o m p a n y
3’000

10
            - 
504
18,220
            - 
241
            - 

2 0 0 4 
G r o u p
3’000

115,822
1,497
1,828
            - 
3,004
105,397
1,353

20,510

278,583

18,975

228,901

2 0 0 5
A s s e t s
3’000

2 0 0 5
L i a b i l i t i e s
3’000

* 2 0 0 4
A s s e t s 
3’000

* 2 0 0 4
L i a b i l i t i e s
3’000

            - 
2,752
            - 
92
            - 
44
62

 (630)
            - 
            - 
 (1,558)
            - 
 (297)
 (62)

            - 
285
            - 
2,342
            - 
            - 
576

 (5,609)
            - 
            - 
 (73)
            - 
            - 
 (576)

2,950

 (2,547)

3,203

 (6,258)

1,825

            - 

188

            - 

  Current portion

1,125

 (2,547)

3,015

 (6,258)

*

The Group has availed of the option under IFRS 1 to implement IAS 32 and IAS 39 only in respect of the 2005 figures and not the comparative 
period. Therefore, the 2004 figures stated above represent the estimated fair value of derivative financial instruments at 1 January 2005 and are 
not reflected in the Group balance sheet as at that date.

  Other cash flow hedges and other fair value hedges represent commodity futures.

Forward foreign exchange contracts
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding foreign exchange contracts at 31 December 2005 are 275.1 million (2004: 238.2 million).

  Gains and losses recognised in the hedging reserve in equity on forward foreign exchange contracts as of 31 December 2005 will be released 

to the income statement at various dates within one year from the balance sheet date.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
95

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

38 Derivative financial instruments (continued)

Interest rate swaps
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts, qualifying as hedges, at 31 December 2005 were 2118.3 million 
(2004: 225.7 million).

  At 31 December 2005, the fixed interest rates vary from 3.2375% to 4.3300% (2004: 3.2375% to 3.2475%) and the main floating rates are set 

in advance by reference to inter-bank interest rates (2LIBOR, £LIBOR, $LIBOR).

  Gains and losses recognised in the hedging reserve in equity on interest rate swap contracts as of 31 December 2005 will be continuously released 

to the income statement until repayment of the bank borrowings.

39 Contingent liabilities
  Company

The Company has guaranteed the liabilities of certain subsidiaries in Ireland in respect of any losses or liabilities (as defined in Section 5 (c) of the 
Companies (Amendment) Act 1986) for the year ended 31 December 2005 and the Directors are of the opinion that no losses will arise therefrom. 
These subsidiaries avail of the exemption from the filing of audited financial statements, as permitted by Section 17 of the Companies (Amendment) 
Act, 1986. 

Group
(i)  Bank guarantees, amounting to 215,252,000 (2004: 217,304,000) are outstanding as at 31 December 2005, mainly in respect of payment 

of EU subsidies.

(ii)  The Group together with the other shareholders in Southwest Cheese Company LLC (“the Joint Venture”) is a party to a Sponsor Support 

Agreement, as part of the financing of the Joint Venture. Under the agreement, each sponsor severally agrees to provide support to the 
Joint Venture either by equity contributions or by way of loan;

  — to enable the Joint Venture to achieve the project construction completion date; and
  — to indemnify the Joint Venture for any amounts necessary to discharge Mechanics Liens.

(iii)  Under the terms of a sale and purchase agreement concluded with Milk Link Limited dated 21 February 2004, the Group retains a 25% interest 
in its UK hard cheese business through The Cheese Company Holdings Limited (“TCCH”). A subsidiary of TCCH, The Cheese Company Limited
(“TCC”) has become the subject of an investigation by the Office of Fair Trading (“OFT”) in the UK under Chapter 1 of the Competition Act 1998 
into whether TCC agreed and/or concerted with other undertakings on prices in the supply of cheese and other products at the wholesale/retail 
level during periods between July 2002 and December 2003. We understand TCC are assisting the OFT in their investigation and will address any 
concerns they may have.

40 Commitments
  Capital commitments
  Capital expenditure contracted for at the balance sheet date but not recognised in the financial statements is as follows:

Property, plant and equipment

  Capital commitments not contracted for amounted to 255.6 million (2004: 237.2 million).

2 0 0 5 
3’000

2 0 0 4 
3’000

23,258

25,908

  Operating lease commitments — where the Group is the lessee

The Group leases items such as properties and various types of equipment including cars, trucks and forklifts. Generally operating leases are on a 
short-term basis with no purchase options. The future aggregate minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

  Not later than 1 year

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
Later than 5 years

2 0 0 5 
3’000

6,595
14,204
7,258

2 0 0 4 
3’000

7,986
17,097
13,462

28,057

38,545

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
96

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

41  Cash generated from operations

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

  Profit for the year

21,879

61,644

28,470

71,919

  Non-cash restructuring costs

Loss on disposal/termination of operations
Share of results of associates and joint ventures
Income taxes
  Depreciation
  Amortisation
  Cost of share options
Exchange losses
Exchange gains — exceptional
  Gain on disposal of investments
Loss on write-off of investments

  Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Interest income
Interest expense
  Dividends received
  Amortisation of government grants received

  Net profit before changes in working capital
  Change in net working capital
— Increase in inventory
— Decrease/(increase) in short-term receivables
— Increase/(decrease) in short-term liabilities
— Increase in provisions

            - 
            - 
            - 
            - 
            - 
98
161
            - 
            - 
 (898)
1,687
            - 
 (2,053)
            - 
 (16,214)
            - 

2,172
            - 
 (932)
657
23,518
3,313
161
196
 (3,931)
 (10,959)
            - 
 (2,509)
 (4,209)
22,299
            - 
 (1,424)

           - 
           - 
           - 
           - 
           - 
33
76
           - 
           - 
 (2,321)
           - 
           - 
           - 
98
 (19,528)
           - 

           - 
156
1,523
8,386
25,030
2,558
76
634
           - 
           - 
           - 
 (1,849)
 (3,033)
8,756
           - 
 (1,228)

4,660

89,996

6,828

112,928

            - 
1
3,620
            - 

 (5,501)
35,419
35,849
7,142

           - 
17
 (15,703)
           - 

 (10,498)
 (1,807)
 (17,176)
           - 

  Cash generated from/(funds absorbed by) operations

8,281

162,905

 (8,858)

83,447

42 Business combinations
(a) CMP Dairy
  On 2 February 2005, the Group announced an agreement with Dairygold Co-operative Society Limited to operate the CMP liquid milk, cream and 
juice brands for a total consideration of 210,784,000. The agreement took effect on 11 April 2005. The acquired business contributed revenues of 
214,920,000 for the period from 11 April to 31 December 2005. The CMP business has been incorporated into the Group’s broader Consumer Foods 
business maximising available synergies and on that basis it is impracticable to disclose separately, the operating profit of this business since the date 
of acquisition. 

(b) Pro-Fibe Nutrition 
  On 19 August 2005, the Group acquired 100% of the share capital of Pro-Fibe Nutrition Limited, a UK company specialising in customised solutions 
for the sports nutrition market for a consideration of Stg£4,129,000. The acquired business contributed revenues of 21,257,695 and operating profit 
of 253,387 to the Group for the period from 20 August to 31 December 2005, and its assets and liabilities at 31 December 2005 were respectively 
22,985,927 and 22,204,460. The results for the period from 2 January 2005 to the date of acquisition are not available due to non-coterminous 
accounting periods.

(c)  Zymalact

In March 2005, the Group acquired 51% of the share capital of Zymalact Mexico S.A. de C.V., a small family owned dairy blending and processed 
cheese manufacturing company. The shareholding was increased to 100% in September 2005. The total consideration was US$400,000.

  Details of net assets acquired and goodwill arising from the above business combinations are as follows:

Purchase consideration:
— Cash paid
— Contingent consideration
— Direct costs relating to the acquisitions
Total purchase consideration
Fair value of assets acquired

  Goodwill (note 17)

The goodwill is attributable to the profitability of the acquired businesses and the benefits associated with the extension of Glanbia’s scale 
and specific capabilities to the acquired businesses.

3’000

14,046
3,156
1,021
18,223
 (9,255)

8,968

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
97

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

42 Business combinations (continued)

The assets and liabilities arising from the acquisition are as follows:

  Cash and cash equivalents

Property, plant and equipment (note 16)
Intellectual property and brands (note 17)

  Available for sale investments (note 20)

Inventories
Receivables
Payables
  Borrowings
  Net deferred tax liabilities (note 33)

Retirement benefit obligations (note 34)

  Capital grants (note 36)

  Net assets acquired

Purchase consideration settled in cash

  Contingent consideration

Repayment of borrowings in acquirees

  Cash outflow on acquisitions

A c q u i r e e ’s 
c a r r y i n g 
a m o u n t 
3’000

11
2,815
            - 
14
1,288
1,223
 (1,258)
 (1,786)
 (63)
            - 
 (231)

F a i r   v a l u e
3’000

11
2,815
8,905
14
1,288
1,223
 (1,258)
 (1,786)
 (1,376)
 (350)
 (231)

9,255

2,013

18,223
 (3,156)
1,732

16,799

The contingent consideration is dependant on the achievement of a targeted earnings figure.

The fair values assigned to the identifiable assets and liabilities have been determined provisionally. Any adjustments to these provisional valuations 
will be recognised within twelve months of the acquisition dates.

In the year ended 1 January 2005, the Group acquired Kortus Food Ingredients Services GmbH, a German-based nutrient delivery systems business.

43 Related party transactions   

The Group is controlled by Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited (“the Society”), which holds 54.68% of the issued share capital of the Company 
and is the ultimate parent of the Group.

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

(a) Sales of goods and services

Sales of goods:
— Associates
— Joint ventures
— Key management

Sales of services:
— The Society
— Joint ventures
— Subsidiaries

Sales to related parties were carried out on normal commercial terms and conditions. 

            - 
            - 
            - 

3,496
21,931
527

            - 
            - 
            - 

4,504
25,137
693

            - 

25,954

            - 

30,334

            - 
            - 
7,377

1,849
902
            - 

            - 
            - 
7,420

1,807
417
            - 

7,377

2,751

7,420

2,224

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
98

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

43 Related party transactions (continued)

(b) Purchases of goods and services

Purchases of goods:
— Associates
— Joint ventures
— Key management

Purchases of services:
— The Society
— Subsidiaries

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

10,628
18,313
1,762

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

8,504
7,728
1,753

            - 

30,703

            - 

17,985

254
1,539

1,793

254
            - 

254

254
2,124

2,378

254
            - 

254

Purchases from related parties were carried out on normal commercial terms and conditions.

(c)  Key management compensation

Salaries and other short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits

  Other long-term benefits
Share-based payments

(d) Year end balances arising from sales/purchases of goods/services

Receivables from related parties:
— Associates
— Joint ventures
— Key management

Payables to related parties:
— The Society
— Associates
— Joint ventures
— Key management
— Subsidiaries

(e) Other related party balances

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 
            - 

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

1,891
290
            - 
            - 

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 
            - 

            - 

2,181

            - 

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

217
1,312
67

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

            - 
            - 
            - 

            - 

1,596

            - 

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

2,206
307
137
88

2,738

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

84
632
58

774

551
            - 
            - 
            - 
18,512

6,271
1,233
9,590
11
            - 

504
            - 
            - 
            - 
18,220

1,828
1,206
290
4
            - 

19,063

17,105

18,724

3,328

2 0 0 5
C o m p a n y
3’000

2 0 0 5
G r o u p 
3’000

2 0 0 4
C o m p a n y 
3’000

2 0 0 4
G r o u p 
3’000

Loan to The Cheese Company Holdings Limited

            - 

56,874

            - 

51,942

Loan to Glanbia Cheese Limited

            - 

2,905

            - 

5,658

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      
      
99

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

44 Directors’ and Secretary’s interests

The interests of the Directors and Secretary and their spouses and minor children in the share capital of the Company, the holding
Society and subsidiary companies/societies were as follows:

(a) Glanbia plc

  Beneficial

  Directors
  MJ Walsh
L Herlihy
JV Quinlan 
JJ Moloney 
JE Callaghan 

  HV Corbally

JG Fitzgerald
EP Fitzpatrick
JA Gilsenan 
P Haran 

  CL Hill
  M Keane 
JV Liston
  GJ Meagher 
JJ Miller
  WG Murphy
  M Parsons
EM Power 
  GE Stanley
  KE Toland 

Secretary
  M Horan

*

§

§   

*

*

§

*  Executive Director.
**  Or at date of appointment if later.
§  Appointed on 9 June 2005.

O r d i n a r y   s h a r e s   o f   30 . 0 6

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

23,708
81,804
21,347
84,593
35,000
1,495
24,171
50,501
2,842
7,462
31,966
22,104
5,000
212,327
61,136
230,827
26,344
37,893
28,724
23,243

23,708
81,804
21,347
70,000
35,000
1,495
24,171
50,501
2,842
7,462
31,966
22,104
 - 
212,327
61,136
230,827
26,344
37,893
28,724
18,650

4,593

-

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
100

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

44 Directors’ and Secretary’s interests (continued)
(a) Glanbia plc (continued)
  Details of movements on outstanding options over the Company’s ordinary share capital are set out below. 

Outstanding options are exercisable on dates between 2005 and 2014.

  Beneficial 

  Directors 

JJ Moloney

  GJ Meagher

1988 Share Option Scheme
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan
Sharesave Scheme

1988 Share Option Scheme
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

  WG Murphy

1988 Share Option Scheme
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

  KE Toland

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan
2002 Long Term Incentive Plan
Sharesave Scheme

Secretary 

O p t i o n s — o r d i n a r y   s h a r e s   o f   30 . 0 6

E x e r c i s e d 
d u r i n g   y e a r

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

               - 
               - 
               - 
 (4,593)

               - 
               - 
               - 

               - 
 (225,500)

150,000
290,000
150,000
                - 

75,000
205,000
75,000

75,000
 - 

               - 
               - 
 (4,593)

164,000
100,000
                - 

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

150,000
290,000
150,000
4,593

75,000
205,000
75,000

75,000
225,500

164,000
100,000
4,593

E x e r c i s e 
p r i c e 
3

4.25  (a) 
1.55  (b) 
2.73  (c) 
1.20  (d) 

4.25  (a) 
1.55  (b) 
2.73  (c) 

4.25  (a) 
1.55  (b) 

1.55  (b) 
2.73  (c) 
1.20  (d) 

  M Horan

Sharesave Scheme

4,593

 (4,593)

-

1.20  (d) 

**  Or at date of appointment if later.

  Options:

(a)  Exercisable by Directors at any time up to May 2008.
(b)  Exercisable by Directors and Secretary at any time up to 2012.
(c)  Exercisable by Directors and Secretary between 2007 and 2014.
(d)  Exercisable by Directors and Secretary, under normal circumstances, at any time up to March 2006.

There were no other changes in the interests of the Directors and Secretary between 31 December 2005 and 17 February 2006.

  GJ Meagher, JJ Moloney and KE Toland as participants of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (b) above, are eligible 

for a share award of 10% of the ordinary shares they continue to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option.

  GJ Meagher as a participant of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (c) above, is eligible for a share award of 10% 

of the ordinary shares he continues to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option.

JJ Moloney as participant of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (c) above, is eligible for a share award of 6.6% 
of the ordinary shares he continues to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option.

The market price of the ordinary shares as at 31 December 2005 was 22.40 and the range during the year was 22.30 to 23.25.
The average price for the year was 22.71. The 1988 Share Option Scheme expired on 31 August 1998.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

‘ A’   O r d i n a r y   s h a r e s   o f   31

C o n v e r t i b l e   R e d e e m a b l e 
‘ B ’   s h a r e s   o f   30 . 0 1 

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

13,774
87,916
9,090
4,265
22,457
23,044
2,365
18,396
18,381
1,504
22,771
6,820
25,082
632

13,293
87,192
8,975
4,156
22,230
22,701
2,302
15,273
18,245
1,454
22,491
6,563
24,801
632

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

481
724
115
109
227
343
63
123
136
50
280
257
281
               - 

44 Directors’ and Secretary’s interests (continued)
(b) Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited

  Beneficial

Directors
  MJ Walsh
L Herlihy
JV Quinlan
  HV Corbally

JG Fitzgerald
EP Fitzpatrick
JA Gilsenan

  CL Hill
  M Keane
  M Merrick
JJ Miller
  M Parsons
EM Power
  GE Stanley

**  Or at date of appointment if later.

There have been no changes in the above interests between 31 December 2005 and 17 February 2006.

  Beneficial 

  Directors
  MJ Walsh
L Herlihy
JV Quinlan
JJ Moloney 
  HV Corbally

JG Fitzgerald
EP Fitzpatrick
JA Gilsenan

  CL Hill
  M Keane
  GJ Meagher 
  M Merrick
JJ Miller
  WG Murphy
  M Parsons
EM Power

* 

* 

C o n v e r t i b l e   l o a n   s t o c k   u n i t s 
o f 30 . 0 1 2 6 9 7 3 8

‘ C ’   s h a r e s   o f   30 . 0 1

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 5

0 2 / 0 1 / 2 0 0 5
* *

242,589
1,866,068
                - 
                - 
374,467
637,924
416,134
335,196
                - 
539,623
                - 
469,002
477,627
                - 
344,734
416,623

190,075
1,455,858
               - 
               - 
294,956
504,173
330,717
251,757
               - 
478,050
               - 
402,980
379,348
               - 
252,039
330,172

1,100,000
16,626,637
1,067,686
4,634,869
63,498
                - 
6,497,492
3,714,146
3,426,974
253,948
8,880,921
                - 
6,309,314
2,904,610
1,269,738
4,945,207

1,100,000
16,626,637
1,067,686
4,634,869
63,498
               - 
6,497,492
3,714,146
3,426,974
253,948
8,880,921
               - 
6,309,314
2,904,610
1,269,738
4,945,207

*  Executive Director.
**  Or at date of appointment if later.

There have been no changes in the above interests between 31 December 2005 and 17 February 2006.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
102

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes to the financial statements (continued)
for the year ended 31 December 2005

45 Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings 
(a) Subsidiaries

I n c o r p o r a t e d   a n d   o p e r a t i n g   i n

P r i n c i p a l   p l a c e   o f   b u s i n e s s

P r i n c i p a l   a c t i v i t i e s

Ireland

  Glanbia Foods Society Limited

  Glanbia Consumer Foods Limited
  Glanbia Ingredients (Ballyragget) Limited
  Glanbia Ingredients (Virginia) Limited
  Glanbia Fresh Pork Limited
  Glanbia Farms Limited
  Glanbia Feeds Limited

  Glanbia Estates Limited
  Avonmore Proteins Limited
  Glanbia Financial Services
  Glanbia Investments (Ireland) Limited
  Glassonby
  Waterford Foods plc
  D. Walsh & Sons Limited
  Grassland Fertilizers (Kilkenny) Limited

  Britain and Northern Ireland
  Glanbia Feedstuffs Limited
  Glanbia (UK) Limited
  Glanbia Holdings Limited
  Glanbia Investments (UK) Limited
  Glanbia Nutritionals (UK) Limited
  Glanbia Foods (NI) Limited

  United States
  Glanbia Foods Inc.
  Glanbia Inc.

Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny and Citywest, 
Dublin 24
Inch, Co. Wexford and Kilkenny
Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny
Virginia, Co. Cavan
Edenderry, Co. Offaly
Cavan and Mayo
Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford and Portlaoise, 
Co. Laois
Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Kilkenny
Palmerstown, Co. Kilkenny
Palmerstown, Co. Kilkenny

Tamworth, Staffordshire
Tamworth, Staffordshire
Tamworth, Staffordshire
Tamworth, Staffordshire
Middlesborough
Portadown, Co. Armagh

Dairying, liquid milk, consumer food 
products and general trading
Fresh dairy products and soups
Milk products
Milk products
Pork and bacon products
Pig rearing
Manufacture of animal feed products

Property and land dealing
Financing
Financing
Holding company
Investment holding
Holding company
Grain and fertilizers
Fertilizers

Supply of animal feeds
Holding company
Holding company
Investment holding
Sports nutrition products
Consumer food products

Twin Falls, Idaho
Delaware

Milk products
Holding company

  Germany
  Kortus Food Ingredients Services GmbH

Orsingen-Nensingen

Nutrient delivery systems

  Netherlands
  Glanbia Foods BV

  Mexico

Moergestel

Holding company

G r o u p
i n t e r e s t
%

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
60
73.34

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

100

100

Zymalact Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Lerma

Dairy blending and processed cheese

100

 
 
103

N O T E S   T O   T H E   F I N A N C I A L   S TAT E M E N T S

45 Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings (continued)
(b) Associates and joint ventures

I n c o r p o r a t e d   i n

D a t e   t o   w h i c h 
r e s u l t s   i n c l u d e d

P r i n c i p a l   p l a c e
o f   b u s i n e s s

P r i n c i p a l   a c t i v i t i e s

Ireland

  Co-operative Animal Health Limited
South Eastern Cattle Breeders 
Society Limited

  Malting Company of Ireland Limited
South East Port Services Limited

  Nashs Mineral Waters 
(Marketing) Limited

  Corman Miloko Ireland Limited

  Britain and Northern Ireland
  Glanbia Cheese Limited
  Milk Ventures (UK) Limited

  United States

31 December 2004

Tullow, Co. Carlow

Agri-chemicals

31 December 2004
31 October 2005
31 December 2005

Thurles, Co. Tipperary
Togher, Co. Cork
Kilkenny

Cattle breeding
Malting
Port services

31 December 2005
31 December 2005

Newcastle West, Co. Limerick
Carrick-on-Suir, Co. Tipperary

Mineral waters and soft drinks
Butter products

31 December 2005
30 November 2005

Magheralin and Llangefni
Nigeria

Cheese products
Evaporated and powdered milk

Southwest Cheese Company, LLC

31 December 2005

Clovis, New Mexico

Milk products

  Mexico
  Conabia de Mexico S.A. de C.V.

31 December 2005

Mexico City

Dairy ingredients 

Pursuant to Section 16 of the Companies Act, 1986 a full list of subsidiaries, joint venture and associated undertakings will be annexed to 
the Company’s Annual Return to be filed in the Companies Registration Office in Ireland.

G r o u p
i n t e r e s t
%

50

57
33.33
49

50
45

51
50

50

50

 
 
 
 
 
104

G L A N B I A   P L C   A N N U A L   R E P O R T   2 0 0 5   

Notes

Designed and produced by Design Factory

Annual Report

2005

Glanbia plc
Glanbia House,

Kilkenny, Ireland

Tel. +353 56 777 2200

Fax. +353 56 777 2222

www.glanbia.com