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Globe International Limited

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FY2009 Annual Report · Globe International Limited
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Glanbia plc, Glanbia House, 
Kilkenny, Ireland.

Tel +353 56 777 2200
Fax +353 56 777 2222

www.glanbia.com

Glanbia plc  
2009 Annual Report

 
 
 
 
Cautionary statement
The 2009 Annual Report contains forward-looking 
statements. These statements have been made 
by the Directors in good faith, based on the 
information available to them up to the time of 
their approval of this report. Due to the inherent 
uncertainties, including both economic and 
business risk factors, underlying such forward-
looking information, actual results may differ 
materially from those expressed or implied by 
these forward-looking statements. The Directors 
undertake no obligation to update any forward-
looking statements contained in this report, 
whether as a result of new information, future 
events, or otherwise. 

Get more online 
www.glanbia.com

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Contents

  1

Overview of Glanbia
Introduction 
Financial results 
Glanbia at a glance 

Directors’ report: Business review
Chairman’s statement 
Group Managing Director’s review 
International growth strategy 

Operations review 
US Cheese & Global Nutritionals 
Dairy Ireland 
Joint Ventures & Associates 

Finance review 
Risk management 
Our responsibilities 
Our people 

Directors’ report: Corporate governance
Board of Directors 
Statement on corporate governance 
Statement on Directors’ remuneration 
Other statutory information 
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

Financial statements
Independent auditors’ report to the members of Glanbia plc  
Group income statement  
Group statement of comprehensive income  
Group statement of changes in equity  
Group statement of financial position  
Group statement of cash flows  
Company statement of financial position  
Company statement of changes in equity  
Company statement of comprehensive income  
and statement of cash flows 
Notes to the financial statements 

Other information
Shareholders’ information 
Five year trends 
Index  

2 
3 
4

6 
8 
10 

14 
16 
18

22 
28 
30 
31

34 
36 
46 
54 
55 

60 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 

70 

124 
127 
128 

 
 
2

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

Glanbia plc is an international nutritional 
ingredients and cheese group, headquartered 
in Ireland. The Group’s Global Nutritionals head 
office and main innovation centre are also located 
in Ireland. Glanbia has over 4,300 employees 
in fifteen countries, including Joint Ventures 
& Associates. The Group has three business 
segments – US Cheese & Global Nutritionals, 
Dairy Ireland and Other Business. Glanbia also 
has three principal international joint ventures – 
Southwest Cheese in the USA, Glanbia Cheese 
in the UK and Nutricima in Nigeria – as well as 
a number of smaller Irish-based joint ventures 
and associates. Glanbia is listed on the Irish and 
London Stock Exchanges (Symbol: GLB).

Events after the reporting period 
On 10 March 2010, the Group announced 
that Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited, its 
54.6% shareholder, had expressed an interest 
in acquiring Glanbia’s Dairy Ireland operations 
(incorporating Dairy Ingredients, Consumer 
Products and Agribusiness), Glanbia’s Irish 
property business, Group Business Services and 
related Irish joint ventures and associates.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

3

Financial results

The global economic recession led to extreme volatility in global 
dairy markets in the first half of the year and this had a significant 
impact on Glanbia’s revenue, profitability and earnings. The decline 
in our financial results was contained with a strong performance by 
Global Nutritionals, a resilient performance by US Cheese and the 
benefits of strategic cost reductions.

Revenue (€ billion)

2.2

2.2

1.8

 18.0%

Revenue declined 
by 18.0% primarily 
as a result of a sharp 
decline in revenue in 
Dairy Ireland. Revenue 
including Glanbia’s 
share of Joint Ventures 
& Associates was €2.1 
billion (2008: €2.6 billion).

Operating margin pre exceptional (%)

6.0

6.1

5.2

 10 basis points

Operating margin pre 
exceptional increased 
10 basis points reflecting 
a strong performance 
by Global Nutritionals. 
Operating margin pre 
exceptional including 
share of Joint Ventures & 
Associates increased 20 basis 
points to 6.0% (2008: 5.8%).

2007

2008

2009

2007

2008

2009

Operating profit pre exceptional (€ million)

Adjusted earnings per share (cents)

134.1

115.8

111.2

2007

2008

2009

 17.1%

Operating profit pre 
exceptional declined 
17.1% driven mainly 
by a significant loss in 
Irish Dairy Ingredients. 
Operating profit pre 
exceptional including 
share of Joint Ventures 
& Associates declined 
14.9% to €128.6 million 
(2008: €151.1 million).

35.9

30.3

30.7

 14.4%

Adjusted earnings per 
share (EPS) is calculated 
on net profit attributable 
to the owners of the Parent 
pre exceptional items and 
amortisation of intangible 
assets (net of tax). Adjusted 
EPS declined by 14.4% to 
30.68 cents per share, driven 
by the decline in operating 
profit in Dairy Ireland. 

2007

2008

2009

Profit before tax pre exceptional (€ million)

Dividend per share (cents)

120.3

99.5

97.4

2007

2008

2009

 19.0%

Profit before tax pre 
exceptional including 
Joint Ventures & 
Associates declined 
19.0% to €97.4 million 
(2008: €120.3 million) 
reflecting the effect that 
volatility in global dairy 
markets had on the 
Group’s performance 
during 2009. 

6.1

6.5

6.8

 5.0%

The Board is recommending 
a final dividend of 3.95 
cents per share (2008: 
final dividend 3.76 cents 
per share), an increase 
of 5.0%. This brings the 
total dividend for the year 
to 6.84 cents per share 
(2008: 6.51 cents per 
share), representing a total 
increase of 5.0% for the year.

2007

2008

2009

4

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

Glanbia at a glance

In 2009, Glanbia continued to 
serve domestic and international 
customers with innovative,  
science-based nutritional 
ingredients, cheese and dairy 
products. A new customer lead 
research facility was opened in 
the USA in 2009, to complement 
the activities of the Group’s main 
innovation centre based in Ireland.

Key

 Customer service office
 Group headquarters
 Innovation centre
 Manufacturing site
 US regional head office

US Cheese & Global Nutritionals

Locations

Australia Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office in Sydney.

Belgium Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office in Brussels.

Brazil Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office in Curitiba.

Canada Glanbia Nutritionals (Canada), North America’s 
largest processor of speciality-flaxseed ingredients, is based  
in Angusville, Manitoba.

China Glanbia Nutritionals has a premix manufacturing facility in 
Suzhou. Glanbia also has a customer service office in Shanghai.

Germany Glanbia Nutritionals Deutschland produces customised 
micro-nutrient premixes at its facility in Orsingen-Nenzingen.

Indonesia Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office in Jakarta.

UK Glanbia Performance Nutrition, located in Middlesborough, 
manufactures high protein bars, beverages and ready to mix 
ingredients for the sports performance market.  

Uruguay Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office 
in Montevideo.

USA
California Glanbia Nutritionals (NA), (formerly Seltzer), 
located in Carlsbad, manufactures micronutrient premixes and  
sells nutritional ingredients. 

Florida Optimum Nutrition manufactures a complete range 
of tablet/capsule nutritional supplements at its Sunrise facility.

Idaho Glanbia Foods has two cheese processing plants in Gooding 
and Twin Falls and two whey processing plants in Gooding and 
Richfield. The US Innovation Centre is located in Twin Falls.

Ireland Global Nutritionals headquarters and the Group’s main 
innovation centre are located in Kilkenny.

Illinois Glanbia’s US regional head office is situated in Evanston. 
Optimum Nutrition has two manufacturing facilities in Aurora. 

Malaysia Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office 
in Kuala Lumpur.

Missouri Glanbia Nutritionals (NA) has opened a new 
manufacturing facility in Springfield. 

Mexico Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office and 
blending operation in Mexico. 

South Carolina Optimum Nutrition manufactures a complete 
range of nutritional beverage products at its Walterboro facility.

Singapore Glanbia Nutritionals has a customer service office 
in Singapore. 

Wisconsin Glanbia Nutritionals Ingredient Technologies is situated 
in Madison, and has a customer service office in Monroe. 

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

5

Dairy Ireland

Locations

Joint Ventures & Associates

Locations

Ireland Irish operations include Dairy Ingredients Ireland, Consumer 
Products and Agribusiness. Dairy Ingredients Ireland has two 
manufacturing facilities producing cheese and a range of food 
ingredients. Consumer Products has ten locations producing 
a range of branded milk, fresh dairy products, natural cheeses, 
butters, spreads and fresh soups. Agribusiness has 53 locations and 
is the Group’s key linkage with its farmer supply base. 

USA Southwest Cheese, located in Clovis, New Mexico, is one of 
the largest natural cheese and high protein whey processing plants 
in the world. It is a 50:50 joint venture between Glanbia and The 
Greater Southwest Agency.

Nigeria Nutricima, located near Lagos, supplies reconstituted 
evaporated milk, milk powder and UHT flavoured milk products to 
the Nigerian market. It is a 50:50 joint venture with PZ Cussons plc.

UK Glanbia Cheese has processing facilities in Northern Ireland 
and Wales manufacturing mozzarella cheese. It is a 51:49 joint 
venture with Leprino Foods Company, USA. 

2009 key figures for total Group including Joint Ventures & Associates

5.3 billion 
litres of milk processed

440,000  
tonnes of cheese produced

223,000 
tonnes of dairy-based food ingredients 
manufactured

4,349  
employees

15 
countries

2 
innovation centres

6

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Chairman’s statement

In 2009, the Group delivered a 
solid financial performance in 
very challenging circumstances. 
We achieved a 10 basis points 
improvement in operating margin 
pre exceptional, reflecting an 
increased contribution by higher 
margin businesses.

Liam Herlihy 
Chairman

Market commentary

2009 results summary

2009 was a very difficult year. Demand for dairy products weakened 
as a result of the global economic recession. Economic uncertainty 
and credit availability significantly reduced consumer confidence. 
As a result, global dairy prices declined sharply through the first half 
of the year remaining at extremely low levels until the last quarter of 
2009 when market conditions improved. 

It was a year of negative returns for Irish dairy processors and 
farmer suppliers, mainly as a result of the scale and pace of market 
changes in the first half of the year. The reduction in farm incomes, 
together with difficulty in accessing finance, had a significant 
impact on farmer spending power. 

A deep consumer recession in Ireland drove an exceptionally 
competitive food retailing environment. This led to a change in 
shopping profiles, to which suppliers and retailers are responding. 

In 2009, nutritional markets had a resilient year despite the 
global economic recession. Demand was particularly robust in 
Performance Nutrition, a key sector for Glanbia Global Nutritionals. 
However, the US dairy market mirrored global trends and US 
cheese prices fell sharply in January and remained low and volatile 
until the latter part of the year. 

Against this background the Group delivered a solid financial 
performance although the sharp decline in global dairy markets 
in the first half of the year in particular, had a significant impact on 
Glanbia’s revenue, profitability and earnings.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) increased 43.7% to 38.46 cents 
per share (2008: 26.76 cents per share) as the impact of the net 
exceptional credit in 2009 of €34.9 million offset the effect of 
the decline in profit pre exceptional for the year relative to 2008. 
Adjusted EPS declined by 14.4% to 30.68 cents per share (2008: 
35.86 cents per share), driven by the decline in operating profit  
in Dairy Ireland. 

Full details of the Group’s performance are contained in the Group 
Managing Director’s review on pages 8 to 9, operations review  
on pages 14 to 19 and the finance review on pages 22 and 27, of  
this report.

Operating profit pre  
exceptional including 
Joint Ventures & Associates
(€ million)

90.0

24.0

US Cheese 
& Global 
Nutritionals

Dairy 
Ireland

(2.8)

Other 
Business

Total 
128.6

17.4

Joint  
Ventures & 
Associates

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

7

Dividends

Management and staff

The Board is recommending a final dividend of 3.95 cents per share 
(2008: final dividend 3.76 cents per share), an increase of 5.0%. 
This brings the total dividend for the year to 6.84 cents per share 
(2008: 6.51 cents per share), representing a total increase of 5.0% 
for the year. Subject to shareholder approval, dividends will be 
paid on Wednesday 2 June 2010 to shareholders on the register 
of members on Friday 7 May 2010. Irish withholding tax will be 
deducted at the standard rate, where appropriate. 

In 2009, across Glanbia there was a need to adapt to the external 
environment and the unprecedented change in circumstances. 
Management and staff throughout the Group undertook to do 
whatever was necessary to ensure that the business was sustained 
in the best possible position through this difficult period. Their 
effort, dedication, commitment and willingness to adapt has been 
exceptional and the Board’s thanks and appreciation goes to all the 
Glanbia team.

The Annual General Meeting (AGM) will be held on Tuesday 25  
May 2010.

Strategic review

The Group has an annual strategic review process to support 
the achievement of our strategic objectives. The Board annually 
approves changes to the strategic framework and agrees a three 
year financial plan. Each business segment produces its own 
business plan outlining specific strategies and considerations 
and sets performance targets for the following three years. These 
business plans are then overlaid with the strategic objectives for the 
overall Group to produce a final three year strategic plan. This plan 
is initially formulated and approved by the Executive Committee 
and ultimately approved by the Board. Progress on implementation 
is reviewed regularly throughout the year by the Group Managing 
Director and the Group Finance Director. This review process 
ensures regular monitoring and reporting of performance against 
strategy, with regular updating for the Board. The Group’s 
Managing Director’s review outlines the Group’s growth strategy  
on pages 10 to 13.

Risk management and governance

During 2009, the Audit Committee in conjunction with members of 
the executive management team, including the Group Managing 
Director and Group Finance Director, undertook a detailed 
assessment of strategic risks within our operating environment. As 
part of this review process, each area of the business was required 
to review its principal areas of risk and uncertainty and present to 
either the Audit Committee or the Board on the steps taken to 
mitigate such risks. Detailed information on risk management is 
contained on page 28 and 29.

Proposed disposal of Irish Dairy and 
Agribusiness operations

On 10 March 2010, Glanbia plc announced that Glanbia Co-
operative Society Limited (“the Society”), its 54.6% shareholder, 
had expressed an interest in acquiring Glanbia’s Dairy Ireland and 
related operations, primarily incorporating Dairy Ingredients, 
Consumer Products and Agribusiness. Any such transaction would 
be likely to involve a significant reduction in the Society’s ownership 
in the Group and would require the approval of both the Society’s 
members and Glanbia plc shareholders. While discussions are 
progressing well, there is no guarantee that they will result in 
a transaction being concluded. The strategic rationale for this 
transaction is outlined in the Group Managing Director’s review on 
page 8 and 9 of this report.

2010 outlook

US Cheese is expected to benefit from a better pricing environment. 
Global Nutritionals will continue to develop its product range and 
geographical reach. Overall, US Cheese & Global Nutritionals is 
expected to deliver good underlying growth although margins are 
likely to reduce somewhat due to a significant investment by Global 
Nutritionals in developing its resources and business.

Dairy Ireland is expected to deliver a marked improvement this 
year mainly as a result of a recovery in Irish Dairy Ingredients and a 
continuation of the sustainable cost reduction programme. 

Joint Ventures & Associates is expected to deliver a reasonable 
result, underpinned by a good year from Southwest Cheese.

Whilst the outlook remains challenging, we are seeing some 
positive signs in our operating environment, which coupled with 
the ongoing strategic cost reduction programme should underpin 
our performance in 2010.

Liam Herlihy 
Chairman

The new Avonmore ‘Easy Pour 
Jug’ format has been the most 
successful innovation in milk 
packaging for many years and has 
been a key driver of growth for the 
leading Irish milk brand.

8

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Group Managing Director’s review

It was an unprecedented year 
in 2009 and while the outlook 
remains challenging we are 
seeing some positive signs in our 
operating environment which 
should underpin our performance 
in 2010.

John Moloney 
Group Managing Director

Almost the perfect storm

2009 delivered almost the perfect storm in the global dairy industry. 
The reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in Europe was 
completed in 2008. While this drove a major increase in global dairy 
prices for the next 12 months, a correction was well underway in the 
second half of 2008 when the global economic and banking crisis 
crystallised. The combination of these two events led to, amongst 
other effects, a dramatic reduction in dairy commodity prices and a 
decrease in dairy product returns. 

In response to this unprecedented operating environment, we 
implemented strategic cost reduction programmes throughout the 
Group and focused on running our business very efficiently. By the 
middle of the year, the rate of decline had moderated and some 
recovery in global dairy markets commenced in the final quarter 
of 2009. However, it was the scale of the reduction and the level of 
volatility in pricing that gave rise to a very difficult year overall and a 
major loss in Irish Dairy Ingredients. This had a significant impact on 
the Group’s financial results for the year.

Global Nutritionals was largely insulated from the turmoil in the 
global economy and delivered a strong performance for the full 
year. Glanbia’s growth strategy has focused in recent years on 
building a portfolio of nutritional businesses to reduce earnings 
exposure to commodity dairy markets and achieve a sustainable 
higher margin for the Group. The containment of the decline in 
Group results and the positive outcome for this business unit in 
2009 demonstrate the success of this strategy.

2009 overview

While we were clearly not able to fully mitigate the effect of the 
operating environment in 2009, the resilient performance by our 
US Cheese businesses and a strong set of results from Global 
Nutritionals underpinned a robust performance by the Group. 
Highlights for the year include:

•  results in line with market expectations;

• 

 significant sustainable cost reductions;

Elsewhere, despite stable US demand, US cheese prices 
reached historic lows and the Group’s wholly-owned US Cheese 
business and Southwest Cheese, our largest joint venture, were 
impacted. The full effect of which was somewhat offset by the risk 
management mechanisms utilised in these businesses.

•  €45.8 million invested in strategic capital projects;

• 

 operating and EBITDA margins increased, up 10 basis points to 
6.1% and 80 basis points to 8.3% respectively; 

•  dividend per share for the full year increased by 5.0%; 

Revenue 
(€ million)

2008

2009

Operating profit pre exceptional
(€ million)

2,602.5

2,127.9

2008

2009

151.1

128.6

  US Cheese & Global Nutritionals

  Dairy Ireland 

  Other Business

  Joint Ventures & Associates

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

9

• 

 completion of a strategic review of the Group’s pension 
arrangement which is a significant factor in reducing the Group’s 
pension liability by €79.0 million; and

• 

 40% expansion in Southwest Cheese is on track to begin 
processing in the first quarter of 2010.

A review of the financial performance of the Group is in the finance 
review starting on page 22 of this report.

2009 segmental analysis 

Dairy Ireland is the largest business segment by revenue 
representing 48.3% of total revenue, including Joint Ventures & 
Associates. Its operating profit contribution declined to 18.7% of 
total operating profit pre exceptional reflecting a difficult year. In 
2009, US Cheese & Global Nutritionals represented 37.2% of total 
revenue and 70.0% of total operating profit pre exceptional. The 
Other Business segment is less than 0.5% of total revenue and was 
loss making in 2009. Joint Ventures & Associates represent 14.0% of 
total revenue and 13.5% of total operating profit pre exceptional. 
Share of results of Joint Ventures & Associates are reported as 
an after interest and tax amount in the income statement. The 
operations review commences on page 14 of this report.

Unlocking potential

The Chairman’s statement referred to an expression of interest by 
Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited (“the Society”), the Group’s 
majority shareholder, in acquiring the Group’s Irish Dairy and 
Agribusinesses and related activities. While these discussions are 
very constructive and progressing well, there is no guarantee at this 
juncture of a successful conclusion. The transaction would be likely 
to involve a significant reduction in the Society’s 54.6% ownership 
in the Group. The approval of both the Society’s members and 
Glanbia plc shareholders would also be required. 

The discussions are underpinned by a clear strategic rationale 
and represent a unique opportunity to transform Glanbia. For 
the Society and its members the significant changes in global 
dairy markets creates the right time now to consider a potential 
transaction. It would offer the prospect of full ownership and 
control of the Irish businesses most relevant to its members and it 
would align stewardship of key strategic assets more closely with 
member interests. For Glanbia, it would, inter alia, increase the 
Group’s focus on its international businesses, significantly improve 
financial flexibility and enhance the development of our successful 
international growth strategy. 

Dairy Ireland strategy

Dairy Ireland represents the majority of the assets that the Society 
is potentially interested in acquiring. This business incorporates 
Irish Dairy Ingredients, Consumer Products and Agribusiness. Irish 
Dairy Ingredients is a large scale, well invested business. A major 
rationalisation programme, which is ongoing in 2010, is achieving a 
level of cost competitiveness that can and will ensure a sustainable 
business in this changed global dairy environment. Consumer 
Products is also competitively well positioned to continue to develop 
its product portfolio and maintain a strong share of the Irish retail milk 
market. Its portfolio stretches across milk and fresh dairy products, 
consumer cheeses, soups and sauces. Agribusiness is very much 
focused on developing a business that fits the evolving agricultural 
landscape and farmer needs. For further information go to the Dairy 
Ireland operations review on page16 and 17 of this report.

International growth strategy

Glanbia has a well established growth strategy and has built a strong 
track record in developing its international businesses. This growth 
strategy is explained in detail on pages 10 and 13 of this report.

Corporate responsibility

Building trust with our stakeholders and acting with integrity at 
all times is critical to our success, our reputation and our long-
term sustainability. Key issues managed within our corporate 
responsibility strategy include business conduct and accountability, 
fairness and respect for employees, health and safety, sustainability, 
environmental impact and community involvement. Details of our 
performance in this area are in the our responsibilities review on 
page 30 to 33 of this report.

Looking ahead

This is a unique period in the Group’s development that  
represents a transformational opportunity. We need to find the 
best strategic way forward for the Group, so that Glanbia continues 
to develop successful and profitable businesses that contribute 
meaningfully for all stakeholders. The opportunity at hand is to 
recognise the structural change that has occurred in our operating 
environment and to grasp the strategic prospect of unlocking the 
Group’s potential. 

John Moloney 
Group Managing Director

Optimum Nutrition, acquired in 
August 2008, delivered a positive 
full first year with Glanbia, achieving 
strong volume growth underpinned 
by ongoing product innovation and 
market development in the USA 
and internationally.

1010

The Group’s international 
growth strategy is well 
established and is based on 
interconnected businesses 
incorporating nutritional 
ingredients and cheese

1111

Glanbia has successfully grown its international businesses – nutritional 
ingredients and cheese – in recent years and further strategic 
opportunities exist to develop and grow further in our chosen areas 
of focus. These growth opportunities are underpinned by ongoing 
consolidation in fragmented markets, strong structural market growth 
drivers, favourable consumer trends, and the ability to expand, 
Performance Nutrition in particular, on a global basis.

We have focused scale businesses and well developed science-based 
innovation capability as a result of significant investment in people and 
facilities. We have established leading market positions in international 
growth markets, supported by strong routes to market that include  
in-country representation through local sales offices and strong agent 
and distributor relationships.

Performance Nutrition

Customised Premix Solutions

Global
Nutritionals

Ingredient Technologies

US
Cheese

Large captive whey pool

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1212

Nutritional 
Ingredients

Glanbia produces 64,000 tonnes of whey-based  
nutritional ingredients and value-added  
whey products from a large captive whey pool, 
which is derived from the Group’s cheese 
processing operations. 

The Global Nutritionals business unit has 
developed three platforms for growth that utilise 
this large whey pool. Through the application of 
increasing rates of innovation, a focus on growth 
markets and expansion into complementary  
non-dairy nutritional solutions, Global Nutritionals 
is building a scalable business with sustainable 
higher margins. 

Performance Nutrition is a business-to-consumer 
manufacturer, formulator and marketer of products 
for performance, sport and the health and wellness 
sectors. This business is founded on the Group’s 
2008 acquisition of Optimum Nutrition in the USA 
and has the opportunity to develop as a global 
brand in performance nutrition.

Customised Premix Solutions is a business-to-
business supplier of a broad range of micro-
nutrients, particularly vitamins and minerals and is 
a leading supplier to the infant formula and sports 
beverage sectors in Europe and the USA.

Ingredient Technologies is a business-to-business 
whey-based ingredient applications developer that 
offers enhanced nutritional solutions for the sports 
bar, beverage and clinical foods sectors. 

Nutritional Ingredients structural growth drivers

Aging profile of 
western economies, 
higher disposal 
incomes and a shift in 
attitudes to prevention 
rather than cure

Demographics

Leading food and 
drink companies and 
nutrition specialists
are developing new 
products in response 
to market demand

Industry 
and sector
demand

Normalisation 
of nutritional products 
in areas of fitness, 
weight management, 
body-consciousness, 
self-care and 
active aging

Consumer
awareness

Focus on fitness 
and wellbeing

Healthcare
concerns

The information age 
is increasing 
understanding of 
the link between 
diet and fitness, 
health and wellness

Rising health care 
costs and lack of 
comprehensive social 
welfare and 
healthcare systems in 
many countries

1313

US 
Cheese

Glanbia has built up world-class capability in 
cheese processing in the USA with a wholly-owned 
business in Idaho and a major joint venture in New 
Mexico; both low cost milk regions. US Cheese is a 
business-to-business, large scale, low cost, quality 
producer that is designed to operate 24/7, 365 
days of the year at 100% of its rated capacity. 

It sells cheese to companies who cut and package 
for the retail sector and to businesses who make 
a range of special ingredient-type cheeses, which 
are ultimately converted into processed cheese 
slices for the food service sector. 

In 2009 US Cheese and Southwest Cheese 
produced 340,000 tonnes of American-style 
cheddar cheese, creating a market leading share 
in terms of total US cheddar cheese output. These 
businesses deliver customer value by making 
‘gold medal’ quality dairy products at competitive 
price points. Glanbia recently won 12 medals in 
the World Cheese championships; a business and 
industry leading performance.

   US Cheese and Global Nutritionals operations review 
is on page 14 and 15 of this report.

US Cheese structural growth drivers

Core US market 
growing due to 
population growth, 
increasing use of 
cheese as a core 
ingredient in both out 
of home and at home 
cooking

Increased
domestic
consumption

Increased, 
sustained demand 
for cheese in 
emerging markets

Growing global 
demand and 
internationalisation

Opportunity 
to grow 
manufacturing 
share

Ongoing 
rationalisation of 
production capacity 
from smaller older 
plants to scale, 
modern facilities

14

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Operations review: US Cheese & Global Nutritionals

A strong performance in Global Nutritionals including the full year 
effect of the Optimum Nutrition acquisition more than offset the impact 
of lower US cheese prices. 

Kevin Toland

Raimund Hoenes

Hugh McGuire

Jerry O’Dea

Jeff Williams

Senior Management

Kevin Toland
CEO & President, Glanbia USA & Global Nutritionals

Raimund C. Hoenes
CEO, Glanbia Nutritionals Customised Premix Solutions

Hugh McGuire
CEO & President, Performance Nutrition

Jerry O’ Dea
CEO & President, Glanbia Nutritionals Ingredient Technologies

Jeff Williams
CEO & President, Glanbia Foods Inc

While overall revenue was down 6.1%, US Cheese & Global 
Nutritionals operating profit pre exceptional increased 7.4% or 
€6.2 million during the year to €90.0 million (2008: €83.8 million). 
Operating margin pre exceptional increased to 11.4% (2008: 9.9%) 
as a strong performance in Global Nutritionals, driven by solid 
organic growth, new product introductions and the full year effect 
of Optimum Nutrition acquisition, more than offset the impact of 
lower US cheese prices. EBITDA pre exceptional increased €13.3 
million to €110.0 million (2008: €96.7 million) with EBITDA margin 
pre exceptional increased 240 basis points in the year to 13.9% 
(2008: 11.5%). 

US Cheese

Glanbia’s wholly-owned US Cheese business, combined with 
the output from the Group’s Southwest Cheese joint venture, 
is a leading producer of American-style cheddar cheese with a 
significant market share. This business operates modern, large scale, 
efficient plants in two leading milk producing regions in the USA. 
Commentary on Southwest Cheese is on page 19 of this report.

The Group’s wholly-owned US Cheese business is located in Idaho 
and operates two cheese processing plants in Gooding and Twin 
Falls and two whey processing plants in Gooding and Richfield. 
The US Cheese business employs over 610 people and processes 
over one-third of the milk produced in Idaho, which is the third 
largest milk producing state in the USA. In 2009, the plants in Idaho 
processed 1.9 billion litres of milk into 198,000 tonnes of cheese 
and 46,000 tonnes of whey-based ingredients. 

The cheese plants, aided by a good milk supply, ran at capacity 
throughout 2009 sustaining their position as a low cost, extremely 
efficient production facilities. A major reconstruction of the 
lactose plant in Gooding was ramped up to full production in 2009 
producing product to world-class standards for use in infant formula. 

Glanbia together with Southwest Cheese recently won 12 medals in 
the World Cheese Championships; a business and industry leading 
performance.

2009 key figures

€792.4 million revenue

€90.0 million operating profit pre exceptional

37% of total revenue

70% of total operating profit pre exceptional

1,358 employees

11.4% operating margin pre exceptional

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 15

The US Cheese business delivered a solid result in the context of 
market circumstances and compared with a very strong 2008 pricing 
environment. The US cheese market is a US$6 billion market, at 
the wholesale level, that grows approximately 2% per annum due 
to increased US consumption and overall population growth. In 
2009, US cheese volumes and milk supply were stable with demand 
from the retail sector driven by increased promotional activity. 
Foodservice demand remained reasonably robust through the 
year as consumers traded to value by moving to the quick service 
restaurant sector. US Cheese also continued to develop export 
markets with product exported to Latin America and Asia in 2009. 

However, cheese prices declined steeply in January 2009 and 
remained low until the latter part of the year. Average 2009 US block 
cheddar prices on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) were 
30% lower than 2008 levels. While reduced prices impacted revenue 
and profits, operating margin was sustained as a result of the 
pricing mechanisms of this business unit. These pricing mechanisms 
include the pricing of both raw material inputs and cheese outputs 
on a formula basis linked to publicly quoted market prices. 

Global Nutritionals

The Global Nutritionals business is a leading supplier of advanced 
technology whey proteins and fractions, flax and customised micro-
nutrients, vitamin and mineral premixes. It comprises three distinct 
businesses – Ingredient Technologies (business-to-business 
nutritional ingredients development and marketing); Customised 
Premix Solutions (business-to-business premix solutions provider) 
and Performance Nutrition (business-to-consumer manufacturer 
and marketer of products for performance nutrition and health  
and wellness). The Global Nutritionals business is headquartered  
in Ireland and has global operations employing approximately  
750 people.

Global Nutritionals had a strong year demonstrating resilience 
against the global economic recession. The focus for Global 
Nutritionals during the year continued to be volume growth, 
further development of science-based nutritional solutions 
and the continued expansion of Optimum Nutrition which was 
acquired in August 2008. In 2009, all of Glanbia’s core nutritional 
sectors continued to grow, outperforming market growth rates. 
Glanbia Nutritionals is now a scale business with market leadership 
positions. In 2009, operating profit and operating margin showed 
good improvement. 

Optimum Nutrition delivered an excellent full first year with 
the Group. Post acquisition integration has been successfully 
completed and the 2009 performance was driven by strong 
underlying volume growth, increased innovation together with 
continuing market and product development both in the USA  
and internationally.

Customised Premix Solutions delivered a solid performance with 
strong positions sustained during the year with core customers. A 
new premix plant in Missouri was commissioned during the year 
and is now fully operational. The Group’s premix plant in Suzhou, 
near Shanghai, China, which was fully commissioned in late-2008, 
continued to grow volumes.

Ingredient Technologies had a good year and continued to 
grow volumes and develop its added-value solutions business. 
Continued investment in research and development is being made 
in clinical, functional and emerging applications. 

2010 outlook

US Cheese is expected to benefit from a better pricing environment. 
Global Nutritionals will continue to develop its product range and 
geographical reach. Overall, US Cheese & Global Nutritionals is 
expected to deliver good underlying growth although margins are 
likely to reduce somewhat due to a significant investment by Global 
Nutritionals in developing its resources and business.

Performance Nutrition 
continues to build its 
international business and 
sells products in over 100 
countries around the world.

16

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Operations review: Dairy Ireland

Dairy Ireland had a very challenging year. Global dairy markets  
created a very difficult operating environment and gave rise to  
a major loss in Irish Dairy Ingredients for the full year. 

Jim Bergin

Colm Eustace

Colin Gordon

Senior Management

Jim Bergin
CEO, Glanbia Dairy Ingredients

Colm Eustace 
CEO, Glanbia Agribusiness

Colin Gordon
CEO, Glanbia Consumer Products

Dairy Ireland is comprised of three business units. Dairy Ingredients 
is the largest dairy processor in Ireland, assembling a milk pool of 1.4  
billion litres annually and processing this into dairy products and 
ingredients for sale on a business-to-business basis to customers in  
50 countries. Consumer Products is one of the largest branded food  
suppliers in the Irish grocery sector and has seven brands in the Top  
100. Agribusiness is primarily engaged in feed milling, grain processing  
and marketing and retails a range of farm inputs to the Group’s large 
Irish farmer supplier base. Its operations also include ‘CountryLife’, 
which is a broader retail offering for rural based communities. 

2009 performance

Dairy Ireland had a very challenging year. Revenue declined 23.3% 
to €1,028.8 million (2008: €1,340.6 million). Operating profit pre 
exceptional was down 51.7% to €24.0 million (2008: €49.7 million) and 
operating margin pre exceptional was 140 basis points lower at 2.3% 
(2008: 3.7%). While the most significant impact was the loss in Irish 
Dairy Ingredients, Consumer Products experienced a very competitive 
market place and Agribusiness suffered as a consequence of reduced 
farm spending. EBITDA pre exceptional decreased €24.7 million to 
€45.2 million (2008: €69.9 million) with EBITDA margin pre exceptional 
decreasing 80 basis points to 4.4% (2008: 5.2%).

Dairy Ingredients

Dairy Ingredients is the biggest business of its type in the country. 
It employs approximately 470 people at two large-scale processing 
facilities including one of the largest integrated dairy sites in 
Europe, which processes 40% of the Irish milk pool and 25% of 
the Irish whey pool. This business unit is a leading Irish supplier of 
lactose and other whey proteins to the three largest infant formula 
manufacturers in the world. It is also Ireland’s largest manufacturer 
of casein, a form of milk protein, and of cheddar cheese. Dairy 
Ingredients operates a joint venture with Corman SA, for the 
manufacture of butter fractions and dairy spreads in Ireland and has 
a sales and blending operation in Mexico. 

Dairy Ingredients performance was severely impacted as raw 
material costs did not fully reflect the fall in product prices on global 
markets. Significant losses were incurred in the first half of the year 
with the rate of loss reduced as expected in the second half due to 
some recovery in markets and the impact of strategic cost reductions. 

2009 key figures

€1,028.8 million revenue

€24.0 million operating profit pre exceptional

48% of total revenue

19% of total operating profit pre exceptional

1,711 employees

2.3% operating margin pre exceptional

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 17

During 2009, this business unit rationalised its production facilities 
and reduced the number of employees by 9%. This was facilitated 
by work practice changes and increased investment in automation 
and achieved significant cost savings. However, as it quickly 
became evident early in 2009 that the cost base at all levels of the 
industry could not be maintained, a further comprehensive review 
of Dairy Ingredients was completed mid-year with the objective 
to shape the business towards a sustainable position even in weak 
markets. As a result, an agreed strategic cost reduction programme 
is ongoing in 2010. 

Notwithstanding the difficulties of 2009, Irish Dairy Ingredients 
continued to develop its product portfolio through diversification 
of its cheese product mix, entering new cheese markets and 
developing milk protein isolates for performance beverages and 
clinical nutrition sectors. In addition, the whey processing facility 
was commissioned during the year to ensure this business achieves 
the highest quality food and infant formula standards. 

Consumer Products

Consumer Products has market leading positions in all sectors 
of fresh milk and cream, block cheddar cheese, grated cheddar 
cheese, fruit yogurts, kid’s fromage frais, drinking yogurt, fresh 
soup and smoothies. It employs approximately 720 people at 10 
locations and processed 275 million litres of milk in 2009. Consumer 
Products supplies over 6,000 customers with 2.5 million consumer 
packs per day.

Consumer Products delivered a reasonable performance in a  
very competitive market place. The recession in Ireland led to a 
strong consumer focus on price and weaker sterling increased 
sterling-based competition. Consumer Products responded to 
this trading environment by reducing wholesale pricing, improving 
store-by-store sales force coverage, sustainable cost reduction 
initiatives and improving operational efficiency. In addition, major 
cost saving initiatives were undertaken including a 20% reduction 
in its workforce, reorganisation of production, administration and 
central support facilities and the introduction of a range of new 
technologies to improve operational efficiency. This programme is 
ongoing in 2010.

While volumes for the year declined broadly in line with the 
overall market decline of 7%, the rate of decline was significantly 
reduced by the fourth quarter through reshaping and increasing 
promotional plans and successfully launching new pack formats. 
New two litre milk formats were particularly successful in 
supporting volumes of branded milk products. Notable other 
successes during the year included winning new contracts in the 
foodservice sector and re-negotiating the Yoplait franchise for the 
Island of Ireland extending the term out to 2024. 

Agribusiness

Agribusiness mills animal feed, processes and markets grain and 
retails a range of farm inputs to the Group’s large farmer supply base. 
It is the market leader in feed, fertiliser, seed grain, farm chemicals 
and veterinary products. It also includes CountryLife, which is a 
broader retail offering. The business employs over 510 people and 
currently operates at 53 locations. Four branches are set for closure 
in 2010, reducing the number of outlets to 49.

In 2009, reduced farm incomes led to a weaker sales performance 
from Agribusiness. As a result, revenue, operating profit and 
operating margin for this business unit were down on 2008. In 
response to market conditions and changing customer demands 
Agribusiness reshaped its sales organisation and developed a 
key account focus with dedicated individual sales staff for key 
commercial farm accounts. 

2010 outlook

Dairy Ireland is expected to deliver a marked improvement this  
year mainly as a result of a recovery in Irish Dairy Ingredients and  
a continuation of the agreed strategic cost reduction programme. 

Events after reporting period

In March 2010, Glanbia plc announced that Glanbia Co-operative 
Society Limited, its 54.6% shareholder, has expressed an interest in 
acquiring Glanbia’s Dairy Ireland operations. Further information 
is contained in the Chairman’s statement on page 7 and the Group 
Managing Director’s review on page 9, including a summary of 
Dairy Ireland’s strategy. 

Kilmeaden cheese grew 
its market share of natural 
block cheddar in 2009, to 
reaffirm its position as the 
nations favourite.

18

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Operations review: Joint Ventures & Associates

Glanbia’s share of the operating profit pre exceptional in the Joint 
Ventures & Associates at €17.4 million was marginally increased on  
2008 levels.

Mel Glentzes

Frank Stephenson

Paul Vernon

Senior Management

Mel Glentzes
CEO, Nutricima

Frank Stephenson
CEO & President, Southwest Cheese

Paul Vernon
CEO, Glanbia Cheese

Glanbia has three principal international joint ventures –  
Southwest Cheese in the USA, Glanbia Cheese in the UK and 
Nutricima in Nigeria and a number of smaller Irish based joint 
ventures and associates.

Glanbia’s share of revenue from Joint Ventures & Associates 
declined 19.6% to €297.6 million (2008: €370.3 million) mainly 
as a result of lower prices in US cheese markets and European 
mozzarella markets. Lower US cheese prices impacted Southwest 
Cheese. Weaker pricing for mozzarella cheese reduced revenue 
in Glanbia Cheese. Revenue at Nutricima in Nigeria was broadly 
flat year-on-year as double digit volume growth was offset by the 
impact of a depreciating Nigerian Naira:Euro exchange rate. 

Glanbia’s share of the operating profit pre exceptional in the Joint 
Ventures & Associates at €17.4 million was marginally increased 
on 2008 levels. Operating profit pre exceptional in Southwest 
Cheese declined marginally in the year, which represented a robust 
performance in the context of an extremely low cheese price 
environment in the USA thoughout most of 2009. Operating profit 
in Glanbia Cheese in the UK also declined marginally due to weaker 
pricing for mozzarella cheese in its markets.

Operating margin pre exceptional in Joint Ventures & Associates 
grew 120 basis points to 5.8% (2008: 4.6%). Glanbia’s share of the 
EBITDA of Joint Ventures & Associates increased €0.7 million to 
€23.8 million (2008: €23.1 million) with EBITDA margins increasing 
180 basis points to 8.0%. Southwest Cheese delivered a good 
performance including an increase in operating margin, albeit 
profit after tax was marginally lower when compared to a strong 
2008. Glanbia Cheese in the UK experienced a decline in profit 
after tax although margins remained stable. Nutricima recorded a 
profit in 2009 representing an improved performance relative to the 
loss incurred in 2008. Glanbia’s share of profits - post interest and 
tax – was €10.2 million (2008: €7.3 million).

2009 key figures

€297.6 million revenue

€17.4 million operating profit pre exceptional

14% of total revenue

13.5% of operating profit pre exceptional

931 employees

5.8% operating margin pre exceptional

Share of results of Joint Ventures & Associates is reported as an after interest and tax amount in the Group income statement. 

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 19

Southwest Cheese

Glanbia Cheese

The largest business in the Group’s Joint Ventures & Associates 
segment is Southwest Cheese in the USA. In 2009, Southwest 
Cheese accounted for over 50% of the Group’s share of revenue 
of Joint Ventures & Associates and over 80% of Glanbia’s share of 
operating profit pre exceptional. All the output from Southwest 
Cheese is marketed by Glanbia in conjunction with the output 
from the Group’s wholly-owned US cheese and whey businesses. 
Combined, these businesses produced 340,000 tonnes of cheese in 
2009, making Glanbia a leading supplier of American-style cheddar 
cheese in the US market today. 

Southwest Cheese is located in Clovis, New Mexico, a major milk 
producing region in the USA. This business, a 50:50 joint venture 
between Glanbia and The Greater Southwest Agency, employs 
approximately 280 people. It is one of the largest natural cheese 
and high-protein whey processing plants in the world and is in its 
fourth year of operation. In 2009, Southwest Cheese produced 
140,000 tonnes of American-style cheddar cheese and other 
American-style varieties of cheese and 9,000 tonnes of high  
protein whey. 

Southwest Cheese delivered a consistently strong operating 
performance in 2009 and achieved stretch goals in terms of  
product throughput and quality. An expansion of the facility is 
currently underway which will increase output by 40% and is due  
to start processing milk by the end of the first quarter in 2010.  
This US$85 million project is currently on time and on budget  
and will consolidate Southwest Cheese’s position as the largest  
American-style cheddar cheese and whey facility in the world, 
processing 3.4 million litres of milk per day. The successful 
commissioning of this new facility is a critical milestone this year. 

Southwest Cheese won three medals (one gold, one silver and  
one bronze) at the 2010 World Cheese Championships.

Glanbia has a 51% interest in Glanbia Cheese, which is a joint 
venture with Leprino Foods Company, USA. This business unit 
produces mozzarella cheese for the European pizza market in 
shredded, ribbon and string formats and is one of Europe’s leading 
suppliers of mozzarella cheese to the foodservice and retail pizza 
sector. Glanbia Cheese employs approximately 340 people at three 
locations, including two cheese processing facilities, one in Wales 
and one in Northern Ireland. 

Nutricima

Nutricima is a 50:50 joint venture with PZ Cussons plc and is 
based in Nigeria. Nutricima is developing a portfolio of branded 
consumer products to serve all market segments including liquid, 
condensed and powdered milk-based products in the Nigerian 
market. Nigeria is a large and developing market with an estimated 
population of 150 million and a local oil industry. Undoubtedly the 
scale of the global economic downturn has impacted the pace 
of development of countries in Africa and created significant 
economic turmoil, but despite this, the business has performed 
satisfactorily in 2009. Nutricima employs approximately 315 people 
at its evaporated milk manufacturing and powder packing facility 
and its newly commissioned Ready-To-Drink factory near the 
capital, Lagos. 

2010 outlook

Joint Ventures & Associates are expected to deliver a reasonable 
result, underpinned by a good year from Southwest Cheese.

Nutricima’s Ready-To-Drink 
facility was successfully 
commissioned in May 2009. This 
investment will position it to 
service this fast growing segment 
of the Nigerian market.

2020

Established, scale 
businesses with market 
leading positions

2121

Focusing on cost 
competitiveness 
and operational 
excellence

22

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Finance review

Throughout the year we focused 
on embedding strategic 
cost reductions and running 
our operations as effectively 
and efficiently as possible. 
We contained the decline 
in our financial results with a 
strong performance by Global 
Nutritionals, a resilient performance 
by US Cheese and the benefits of 
strategic cost reductions.  

Siobhán Talbot 
Group Finance Director

2009 highlights

The Group’s operating margin pre exceptional grew by 10 basis 
points to 6.1% (2008: 6.0%), reflecting an increased contribution 
by higher margin businesses. Our earnings before interest, 
tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) margin grew 80 
basis points to 8.3%. We spent €45.8 million on strategic capital 
expenditure during the year ensuring that the business is sustained 
in the best possible position, despite an unprecedented year. 

While adjusted EPS was in line with market expectations, it 
declined 14.4% to 30.68 cents per share (2008: 35.86 cents per 
share). Dividend per share increased 5.0% to 6.84 cents per share 
(2008: 6.51 cents per share).

A strategic review of the Group’s pension arrangements was 
completed during 2009, giving rise to a net reduction in the Group’s 
pension liabilities and an exceptional net gain of €79.0 million in 
2009. Further details are included on page 27 of this review. 

Throughout 2009 we focused on embedding strategic cost 
reductions and running our operations as effectively and efficiently 
as possible. This cost competitiveness focus will continue into 2010.

Operating margin  
pre exceptional 
including Joint Ventures  
& Associates

5.8%

6.0%

  20 basis points

2008

2009

Financial summary

Revenue
Operating profit pre exceptional
Net financing costs
Profit before tax pre exceptional
Taxation pre exceptional
Profit after tax pre exceptional
Net exceptional items (post tax)

Group 

  €1,830.3m  
€111.2m  
(€24.0m)
€87.2m  
(€19.1m)
€68.1m  
€34.9m

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 23

2009

Joint  
Ventures & 
Associates

2008

Joint  
Ventures & 
Associates

Total

Group 

Year-on-year  
change

Total

(€27.5m)

€297.6m   €2,127.9m   €2,232.2m  
€134.1m  
(€21.1m)
€113.0m  
(€21.5m)
€91.5m  
(€18.5m)

€17.4m   €128.6m  
(€3.5m)
€13.9m   €101.1m  
(€3.7m)
€10.2m  
– 

(€22.8m)
€78.3m  
€34.9m  

(€25.0m)

€370.3m   €2,602.5m  
€17.0m   €151.1m  
(€3.9m)
€13.1m   €126.1m  
(€5.8m)
€7.3m  
(€0.9m)

(€27.3m)
€98.8m  
(€19.4m)

(18.2%)
(14.9%)
10.0%
(19.8%)
(16.5%)
(20.7%)

Operating margin pre exceptional
EBITDA pre exceptional
EBITDA margin pre exceptional

6.1%  
€152.5m  
8.3%  

5.8%  

6.0%

€23.8m   €176.3m  

8.0%  

8.3%

6.0%  
€167.6m  
7.5%  

4.6%  

5.8%
€23.1m   €190.7m
7.3%

6.2%  

Basic earnings per share (cents)
Adjusted net income
Adjusted earnings per share (cents)  

€/US$ - average
€/US$ - closing rate
€/US$ - opening rate

38.46c
€89.9m
30.68c

1.3948
1.4406
1.3888

26.76c  
  €105.1m  
35.86c  

43.7%
(14.4%)
(14.4%)

1.4704
1.3888  
1.4711  

Revenue

Profitability and margins

Total revenue including share of Joint Ventures & Associates, 
declined 18.2% to €2,127.9 million (2008: €2,602.5 million). Revenue 
in US Cheese & Global Nutritionals was down €51.8 million to  
€792.4 million. This reflects the impact of significantly lower US 
cheese markets, which were not fully offset by strong revenue 
growth in Global Nutritionals including the full year effect of the 
acquisition of Optimum Nutrition. Revenue in Dairy Ireland declined 
€311.8 million to €1,028.8 million (2008: €1,340.6 million). Weak 
global dairy markets reduced revenue directly in Dairy Ingredients 
and indirectly in Agribusiness while extremely challenging Irish 
consumer market conditions impacted Consumer Products. 
Revenue in Joint Ventures & Associates was down €72.7 million to 
€297.6 million (2008: €370.3 million) primarily due to a decline in 
revenue in Southwest Cheese driven by lower US cheese prices.

Operating profit pre exceptional including share of Joint Ventures 
& Associates declined 14.9% to €128.6 million (2008: €151.1 million), 
driven primarily by a loss in Dairy Ingredients. Operating margin 
pre exceptional including share of Joint Ventures & Associates 
increased 20 basis points to 6.0% (2008: 5.8%). US Cheese & Global 
Nutritionals delivered a significant increase in operating margin 
pre exceptional, primarily due to a strong performance by Global 
Nutritionals including the full year effect of the acquisition of 
Optimum Nutrition. Joint Ventures & Associates also delivered a 
robust performance. EBITDA including share of Joint Ventures & 
Associates declined 7.6% to €176.3 million (2008: €190.7 million). 
EBITDA margin including share of Joint Ventures & Associates 
increased 100 basis points to 8.3% (2008: 7.3%).

EBITDA margin  
pre exceptional 
including Joint Ventures  
& Associates

8.3%

  100 basis points

7.3%

2008

2009

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Segmental analysis including Joint Ventures & Associates 

Revenue 
 €'m

Operating 
profit*  
€'m 

2009
Operating 

margin*  EBITDA* 
 €'m

EBITDA 
margin* 

Revenue  
€'m

Operating 
profit* 
€'m

2008
Operating 
margin* 

EBITDA 
margin* 

EBITDA* 
€'m 

US Cheese &  
Global Nutritionals

792.4  

Dairy Ireland

  1,028.8  

Other business

9.1  

Group as reported**  1,830.3  
Joint Ventures  
& Associates

297.6  

90.0

24.0

(2.8)

11.4%  

110.0   13.9%  

844.2  

2.3%  

45.2  

4.4%   1,340.6  

(30.8%)

(2.7)

(29.7%)

47.4  

83.8  

49.7  

0.6  

9.9%  

3.7%  

1.3%  

96.7  

11.5%

69.9  

1.0  

5.2%

2.1%

111.2  

6.1%  

152.5  

8.3%   2,232.2  

134.1  

6.0%  

167.6  

7.5%

17.4

5.8%  

23.8  

8.0%  

370.3  

17.0  

4.6%  

23.1  

6.2%

Total

  2,127.9  

128.6  

6.0%  

176.3  

8.3%   2,602.5  

151.1  

5.8%  

190.7  

7.3%

*  Pre exceptional  

**  Reported results exclude Joint Ventures & Associates. 

US Cheese & Global Nutritionals
While overall revenue was down 6.1% to €792.4 million  
(2008: €844.2 million), operating profit pre exceptional increased 
7.4% or €6.2 million to €90.0 million (2008: €83.8 million) and 
operating margins pre exceptional increased to 11.4% (2008: 9.9%). 
This reflects a strong performance in Global Nutritionals driven by 
solid organic growth, new product introductions and the full year 
effect of the acquisition of Optimum Nutrition, which more than 
offset the impact of lower US cheese prices during the year.  
EBITDA pre exceptional increased €13.3 million to €110.0 million 
(2008: €96.7 million) with EBITDA margin pre exceptional increasing 
240 basis points in the year to 13.9% (2008: 11.5%).

Dairy Ireland
Dairy Ireland had a very challenging year. Revenue declined 23.3% 
to €1,028.8 million (2008: €1,340.6 million). Operating profit pre 
exceptional was down 51.7% to €24.0 million (2008: €49.7 million) 
and operating margin pre exceptional was 140 basis points lower 
at 2.3% (2008: 3.7%). While the most significant impact was the 
major loss in Dairy Ingredients, Consumer Products experienced 
a very competitive market place and Agribusiness suffered as a 
consequence of reduced farm spending. EBITDA pre exceptional 
decreased €24.7 million to €45.2 million (2008: €69.9 million) with 
EBITDA margin pre exceptional decreasing 80 basis points to 4.4% 
(2008: 5.2%).

Other Business
In 2009, the Group’s Other business segment included a small dairy 
ingredients related operation in Mexico and Glanbia’s property 
unit. In March 2008, Glanbia disposed of its Irish pigmeat business. 
A combination of the effects of global dairy markets and few 
property transactions resulted in a €2.8 million loss for the full year.

Joint Ventures & Associates
Glanbia’s share of revenue from Joint Ventures & Associates 
declined 19.6% to €297.6 million (2008: €370.3 million). Lower US 
cheese prices impacted Southwest Cheese. Weaker pricing for 
mozzarella cheese reduced revenue in Glanbia Cheese. Revenue 
at Nutricima was broadly flat year-on-year as double digit volume 
growth was offset by the impact of a depreciating Nigerian 
Naira:Euro exchange rate. 

Glanbia’s share of the operating profit pre exceptional in Joint 
Ventures & Associates at €17.4 million represented a minor 
increase on 2008 levels. Operating profit pre exceptional in 
Southwest Cheese declined marginally in the year, which was a 
robust performance in the context of an extremely low cheese 
price environment in the USA thoughout 2009. Operating profit 
in Glanbia Cheese also declined marginally during the year due 
to weaker pricing for mozzarella cheese in its markets. Overall, 
Nutricima recorded a profit in 2009 reflecting an improved 
performance relative to the loss incurred in 2008. 

Glanbia’s share of operating margin pre exceptional in Joint 
Ventures & Associates increased 120 basis points to 5.8%  
(2008: 4.6%). EBITDA of Joint Ventures & Associates increased  
€0.7 million to €23.8 million (2008: €23.1 million) with EBITDA 
margins increasing 180 basis points to 8.0%.

Segmental analysis US Cheese & Global Nutritionals
Revenue  
(€ million)

Operating profit pre exceptional
(€ million) 

EBITDA pre exceptional 
(€ million)

844.2

792.4

 6.1%

83.8

90.0

 7.4%

96.7

110.0

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

  240 
margin 
basis 
points

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 25

Net financing costs

Adjusted earnings per share

Financing costs increased 13.7% by €2.9 million to €24.0 million 
(2008: €21.1 million) due mainly to increased debt levels as a result 
of the acquisition of Optimum Nutrition in August 2008. EBIT to  
net financing cost interest cover was 4.6 times in 2009 compared to 
6.4 times in 2008. EBITDA to net financing cost interest cover was 
6.4 times compared to 7.9 times in the prior year. 

Adjusted EPS is calculated on the net profit attributable to the 
owners of the Parent pre exceptional items and amortisation of 
intangible assets (net of tax). Adjusted earnings per share declined 
by 14.4% to 30.68 cents per share (2008: 35.86 cents per share), 
driven by the decline in operating profit in Dairy Ireland. 

Taxation

The 2009 pre exceptional tax charge decreased by €2.4 million  
to €19.1 million (2008: €21.5 million) reflecting the reduction in 
Group operating profit pre exceptional. The Group’s effective tax 
rate, excluding Joint Ventures & Associates increased to 21.9% 
(2008: 19.1%).

Exceptional items

In 2009 there was an overall net exceptional credit of €34.9 million 
(2008 net exceptional charge: €19.4 million). This net exceptional 
credit was €45.7 million pre tax (2008 net exceptional charge:  
€20.3 million pre tax). 2009 net exceptional items include:

• 

• 

• 

 a provision of €15.1 million, mainly relating to redundancies. 
Glanbia is implementing a further significant cost reduction 
programme in 2010 in Dairy Ireland as part of ongoing 
improvements focused on achieving sustainable cost 
competitiveness. 

 a strategic review of the Group’s pension arrangements which 
was completed in 2009. The revisions to the overall Group 
pension arrangements gave rise to a net reduction in pension 
liabilities and an exceptional gain of €79.0 million in 2009. More 
detailed information on Glanbia’s pension liability is on page 27 
of this finance review; and

 a review of the internal corporate structures of the Group was 
also completed during the year. This gave rise to an exceptional 
non-cash foreign exchange loss of €18.2 million on the 
repayment of certain sterling inter-group loans in 2009. This 
loss, which was previously recognised in the Group’s currency 
reserve, is now recycled to the Group’s income statement. 

Basic earnings per share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) increased 43.7% to 38.46 cents 
per share (2008: 26.76 cents per share) as the impact of the net 
exceptional gain in 2009 of €34.9 million, set out above, offset the 
effect of the decline in profit pre exceptional for the year relative  
to 2008. 

Calculation of adjusted earnings per share

Reconciliation of profit attributable to owners of the Parent to 
adjusted net income used to calculate adjusted earnings per share  

2009 
€'m

112.7

12.1

(34.9)

89.9

2008 
€'m

78.4

7.3

19.4

105.1

292,985,630

293,018,610

30.68  

35.86

Profit attributable to owners  
of the Parent

Amortisation of intangible assets  
(net of tax)

Net exceptional items

Adjusted net income

Weighted average number  
of ordinary shares in issue

Adjusted earnings per share  
(cents per share)

Dividends 

The Board is recommending a final dividend of 3.95 cents per share 
(2008: final dividend 3.76 cents per share), an increase of 5.0%. This 
brings the total dividend in respect of the year to 6.84 cents per 
share (2008: 6.51 cents per share), representing a total increase of 
5.0% for the year. Subject to shareholder approval, dividends will be 
paid on 2 June 2010 to shareholders on the register of members at 
7 May 2010. Irish withholding tax will be deducted at the standard 
rate, where appropriate. 

Cash flow

Net debt decreased by €9.5 million in the year to €442.6 million 
(2008: €452.1 million). The Group generated free cash flow of 
€52.0 million in the year (2008: €72.4 million). Free cash flow is 
after charging business sustaining capital expenditure and before 
acquisition costs, strategic capital expenditure and the payment 
of equity dividends. Free cash flow reduced in 2009 relative to 
2008 due to the reduction in EBITDA driven by the decline in 
performance in the Dairy Ireland segment.

Segmental analysis Dairy Ireland
Revenue  
(€ million)

Operating profit pre exceptional
(€ million) 

1,340.6

1,028.8

 23.3%

49.7

 51.7%

24.0

EBITDA pre exceptional 
(€ million)

69.9

45.2

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

  80 
margin 
basis 
points

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Summary cash flow

EBITDA pre exceptional
Working capital movement
Net interest and tax paid
Business sustaining capital investment
Other ( including additional pension contributions)

Free cash flow

Acquisitions
Disposals
Dividends from Joint Ventures
Strategic capital expenditure
Equity dividends
Currency exchange/fair value adjustments

Net decrease/(increase) in debt during the year

Net debt at the beginning of the year

Net debt at the end of the year

2009 

€'m  

2008 

€'m  

Change 
€'m

152.5
(32.9)
(30.7)
(20.1)
(16.8)

52.0

(1.3)
2.0
17.9
(45.8)
(19.5)
4.2 

9.5  

(452.1)

(442.6)  

167.6
(1.0)
(49.7)
(23.6)
(20.9)

72.4

(229.4)
22.3
0.5
(63.9)
(18.5)
 (15.3)

(231.9)
(220.2)

(452.1)  

(15.1)
(31.9)
19.0
3.5
4.1

(20.4)

228.1
(20.3)
17.4
18.1
(1.0)
19.5

241.4
(231.9)

9.5

Dividends of €17.9 million were received in 2009 (2008: nil) from 
Southwest Cheese. Total strategic capital expenditure for 2009 
including loans to joint ventures, which were driven by capital 
investment amounted to €45.8 million (2008: €63.9 million). The 
key strategic investments in 2009 included the completion of the 
upgrade of the cheese and whey facilities in Irish Dairy Ingredients, 
investment in the whey facilities in the USA and the investment 
in the expansion of Southwest Cheese. The Group has made 
significant investment in acquisitions and strategic organic growth 
projects in recent years underpinning the growth strategy.

Financing

The Group has total committed debt facilities of €729.1 million 
incorporating bank facilities of €665.6 million and €63.5 million 
cumulative redeemable preference shares. Additional bank 
facilities of €100.0 million were secured during the year. Bank 
facilities are held with nine banks under bilateral arrangements with 
common documentation and terms. €255.6 million of the facilities 
are renewable in July 2012 and €410.0 million in July 2013. The 
cumulative redeemable preference shares mature in July 2014.

The Group’s average interest rate for 2009 was 4.3% compared 
to 5.1% for 2008. Glanbia operates a policy of fixing a significant 
amount of its interest exposure with approximately 70% contracted 
at fixed rates for 2010.

Glanbia manages its bank debt position within a number of 
financial covenants and Group Treasury ensures full compliance 
with all financial covenants on an ongoing basis. For financial 
prudence Glanbia sets internal net debt to EBITDA targets to 
recognise that the Group’s debt is subject to seasonal fluctuation 
and as a result average debt can be up to 25% above year end debt 
levels. The Group’s key financial covenants are: 

• 

• 

• 

 that consolidated net bank borrowings shall not exceed 3 times 
EBITDA on the last day in any financial year;

 that consolidated net bank borrowings shall not exceed 4 times 
EBITDA on any other day of the financial year; and

 that consolidated operating profit shall not be less than 3.5 
times consolidated net borrowing costs in any financial year.

Segmental analysis Joint Ventures & Associates
Revenue  
(€ million)

Operating profit pre exceptional
(€ million) 

Profit after interest and tax 
(€ million)

370.3

297.6

 19.6%

17.0

17.4

 2.4%

7.3

10.2

  39.7%

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 27

Key financial covenants

Covenant  2009 2008 2007

Net debt1: EBITDA (times)
EBIT : Net finance cost (times)

3.4
3.5

2.9
4.6

2.7
6.4

1.5
6.7

1 

Including €63.5 million cumulative redeemable preference shares

Pensions

Glanbia operates defined contribution and defined benefit pension 
schemes in Ireland and the UK and defined contribution schemes 
in the USA and other international locations. At 2 January 2010 the 
Group’s net pension liability under IAS 19, before deferred tax, was 
€85.8 million (2008: €164.4 million). The Group’s provisions for other 
liabilities and charges also includes a provision of €20.1 million  
(2008: €1.3 million) in relation to administration and certain other 
costs associated with pension schemes in the UK relating to 
businesses disposed of in prior years. 

Movement in the liability for retirement benefit obligations 
during the year

At the beginning of the year
Exchange differences
Movements relating to disposed 
operations
Total expense pre curtailment gains  
and negative past service costs
Curtailment gains and negative past 
service costs
Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes  
Contributions paid by employer

2009 
€'m

(164.4)
(1.8)

(1.3)

(12.8)

100.1
(31.2)
25.6

2008 
€'m

(114.2)
6.0

(0.5)

(7.9)

0.4
(68.2)
20.0

At the end of the year

(85.8)

(164.4)

The fair value of the assets of the pension schemes at 2 January 
2010 was €349.2 million (2008: €301.5 million) and the value of the 
scheme liabilities was €435.0 million (2008: €465.9 million).

The funding of the pension schemes is decided by the Group 
in conjunction with the Trustees of the schemes and the advice 

of external actuaries. Recognising the scale of the pension 
liability, a strategic review of the Group’s pension arrangements 
was completed during 2009 following which the Group revised 
benefits under the Irish defined benefit schemes giving rise to an 
exceptional gain, in accordance with IAS 19, in the year of €100.1 
million relating to curtailment gains and negative past service costs 
of €14.1 million and €86.0 million respectively. The curtailment 
gains and negative past service costs arise following the removal of 
guaranteed increases to pensions in payment for all members and 
the provision of benefits for members in employment on a career 
average basis from a final salary basis. The Group has completed 
its consultation process with all members of the main schemes. 
The Group has a number of pension schemes in the UK relating to 
businesses disposed of in prior years. In 2009 a provision for future 
regulatory and administration costs of €21.1 million relating to 
these schemes has been recognised. 

Financial risk management

The conduct of Glanbia’s ordinary business operations necessitates 
the holding and issuing of financial instruments and derivative 
financial instruments by the Group. The main risks, arising from 
issuing, holding and managing these financial instruments, typically 
include liquidity risk, interest rate risk and currency risk. The Group 
does not trade in financial instruments. The Group’s treasury 
policies and guidelines are designed to mitigate the impact of 
fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates and to manage 
the Group’s financial risks. The Board agrees and regularly reviews 
these policies and guidelines and more detailed information on 
financial risk is contained in note 3.1 ‘Financial risk factors’ in the 
notes to the financial statements and in the risk management 
section on pages 28 to 29 in this report. 

Events after the reporting period

On 10 March 2010, Glanbia announced that it is in discussions 
regarding the potential disposal of Irish Dairy and Agribusinesses 
to Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited, the Group’s majority 
shareholder. The successful completion of this transaction would 
increase the Group’s focus on international nutritional ingredients 
and cheese, significantly improve financial flexibility and enhance 
development of its successful growth strategy. Further information 
is in the Group Managing Director’s review on pages 8 to 13 of  
this report.

Siobhán Talbot 
Group Finance Director

Maturity profile of committed debt facilities

2014

2013

2012

2012

€63.5 million preference shares

€65.6 million US Dollar facilities

€190.0 million Euro facilities

Total debt facilities
€729.1 million

€410.0 million Euro facilities

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Risk management

This section of the report sets out a review of the evolution of risk 
identification and management undertaken during the year together 
with a description of the main risk factors facing the Group. 

Evolution of risk identification and management

Principal risks and uncertainties 

The Board is ultimately responsible for risk management which 
includes the Group’s risk governance structure and maintaining 
an appropriate internal control framework. The Audit Committee 
Terms of Reference includes responsibility for reviewing the 
effectiveness of the Group internal control and risk management 
systems. This incorporates reporting to the Board on the 
effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of the internal control 
system environment. A structured and consistent approach to 
identifying, assessing and responding to risk in relation to the 
Group’s strategic and business objectives is fundamental to 
continued growth and is a key element of creating and preserving 
shareholder value. Management’s responsibility is to manage risk 
on behalf of the Board.

Under Irish Company law (Regulation 37 of the European 
Communities (Companies Group Accounts) Regulations 1992, 
as amended), the Group is required to give a description of the 
principal risks and uncertainties which it faces. Across the business, 
there is an ongoing process in place for identifying, assessing, 
managing, monitoring and reporting on the significant risks 
faced by individual business units and by the Group as a whole. 
This process has been in place for the year under review and up 
to and including the date of approval of the 2009 Annual Report. 
The principal strategic, financial, operational and regulatory risks 
identified are set out below in the following sections.

 Strategic risks 

• 

In early 2009 the Audit Committee, in conjunction with members of 
the executive management team, including the Group Managing 
Director and Group Finance Director, reviewed the population of 
risks the business is exposed to and identified and evaluated the 
key areas of risk for Glanbia. Once identified a programme of key 
Group business and strategic risk reports were developed requiring 
the responsible individuals within the Group to present either to 
the Audit Committee or directly to the Board on the steps taken 
to manage such risks having due regard to the balance of risk, cost 
and opportunity. Risk reports typically included:

• 

 the structure of the functional or business unit organisation;

• 

 the functional role and responsibilities for key risk management;

 an evaluation assessing the likelihood, impact and velocity of 
potential negative events occurring within the relevant function 
which may effect the Group’s financial, operational or regulatory 
control objectives;

• 

 management’s response to the identified risks (i.e. risk 
acceptance, reduction, avoidance or elimination);

 details of how the control activities encompassed in the Group’s 
policies and procedures are utilised effectively and efficiently to 
manage risk;

 the information and communication systems used to ensure 
management decision-making is properly supported; and

 the controls in place to allow consistent monitoring of business 
performance.

Group risk management presentations have included functional 
reviews; product safety and quality; business continuity risk; 
strategic and business risk assessment; human resource, succession 
planning and health and safety risks; business services and IT system 
risk; financial control and related controls; and treasury, liquidity 
and tax management.

The Audit Committee, following careful consideration, reported to 
the Board expressing their level of satisfaction with the processes 
and procedures in place to manage key Group business and 
strategic risks and how these are being implemented throughout 
the Group.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 The performance of the Group is influenced by economic growth, 
global dairy and US cheese markets, consumer confidence and 
changes in commodity prices. Declining general economic 
conditions and dairy market volatility negatively impacted 2009 
results and the pace and sustainability of an improvement in 
markets, which commenced in late 2009, may continue to impact 
Glanbia’s business. A deterioration or delay in economic recovery 
or acute volatility in dairy pricing represents a material risk to 
the operating performance and financial position of the Group. 
To help mitigate this, the Group has employed, particularly in 
the USA, a number of risk management tools to limit volatility. 
In addition, the Group has a portfolio of businesses and this 
approach, with a growing emphasis on international operations, 
mitigated some of the worst effects of the unprecedented 
trading environment experienced in 2009. 

 Competitor product innovations technical advances and the 
intensification or consolidation of competition could adversely 
affect the Group. To combat competitive threats the Group 
has re-positioned the business with a focus on high growth, 
profitable market segments where the Group has market 
leadership positions, strong brands, excellent customer 
relationships and a solid platform for international growth. 
Glanbia also invests in research and development through  
its Irish and USA innovation centres as well as associations with  
a number of third level institution research programmes.

• 

• 

 Glanbia has a significant number of key customers across its 
portfolio of businesses and consequently there is a risk that 
business performance could be negatively impacted by the 
loss of one or more of these customers. The Group believes 
that it currently enjoys good relationships with major customers 
and continues to manage and develop these relationships by 
focusing on superior customer service, product innovation, 
quality assurance and cost competitiveness.

 Although demand for food products is expected to remain 
broadly stable, consumer purchasing patterns tend to change 
over time and especially when the economy is weak. The 
success of the Group depends on its ability to react to changing 
trends with appropriate innovation.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 29

• 

• 

 Failure to attract and retain qualified personnel could negatively 
impact the execution of Glanbia’s strategy. Glanbia strives to 
attract and retain the right quality of management and staff 
required to support its growth and customer relationship 
management requirements. Detailed management 
succession plans, strong recruitment processes, management 
development programmes, long-term incentives and retention 
initiatives have all been implemented and are routinely 
monitored to manage the risk.

• 

• 

 Risks inherent in the acquisition or disposal of businesses and 
brands may have an adverse impact on the Group’s business 
or financial results. The risks are partially mitigated by careful 
planning, significant pre acquisition due diligence and post 
acquisition integration experience built up by the Group’s 
senior management team.

 Financial risks 

• 

• 

 Lack of financial capacity could affect the Group’s ability to 
conduct its business, maintain capital investment programmes, 
pursue acquisitions, and make dividend payments and 
service debt commitments. The Group manages its bank debt 
position within a number of financial covenants that are closely 
monitored by Group Treasury. Strong banking relationships 
are maintained through regular meetings and updates. 
Close monitoring and management of cash flows and regular 
forecasting mitigates the risk exposure. 

 The conduct of ordinary business operations necessitates the 
holding and issuing of financial instruments and derivative 
financial instruments by the Group. The main risks arising from 
issuing, holding and managing these financial instruments 
typically includes liquidity risk, interest rate risk and currency 
risk. The Group does not trade in financial instruments.The 
Group’s approach is to centrally manage financial and taxation 
risks against comprehensive policy guidelines, details of which 
are outlined in note 3.1 ‘Financial Risk Factors’ on page 77 of this 
report. The Board agrees and regularly reviews these policies.

 Operational risks 

• 

 The loss or significant destruction of a key site could present 
operational and financial difficulties for Glanbia. All operations 
within the Group have business continuity and communication 
plans in place to manage the impact of the loss of a major site. 
The Group also monitors overall safety and loss prevention 
performance in line with safety, health and welfare legislation 
through its risk management system to assist operational 
management responsible for the day-to-day management of 
business risk. In addition, an insurance cover programme is in 
place for all significant insurable risks and major catastrophes to 
mitigate the potential financial consequences. 

 In order to fulfil the demand for its products Glanbia needs to 
ensure an efficient supply chain is in place which complies with 
the highest health and safety standards. The Group mitigates 
supply chain risk by maintaining a broad supplier base and all 
of the Group’s key sites operate quality control assessments on 
products supplied to ensure world-class quality and food safety 
targets are maintained throughout the supply chain. 

 There are a number of factors affecting the price of milk and it 
can be subject to potentially significant price fluctuations. The 
Group has a varying degree of control over these prices and 
may be unable to pass on increases to its customers in whole or 
part or without a period of delay. This can adversely affect the 
Group’s operating profits and cash flow. If the supply of milk 
from suppliers were constrained for any reason, the Group may 
not be able to obtain sufficient supplies, or supplies of a suitable 
quality, from other sources, which could have an adverse impact 
on its financial performance.

 Regulatory risks 

• 

• 

• 

 Robust processes are in place to ensure the Group maintains 
the highest standards of food safety across all processing, 
packaging, labelling and distribution operations in the 
interest of the health and well being of its consumers and 
sustaining its strong reputation as a leading international 
nutritional ingredients and cheese group. Glanbia conforms to 
international and local food safety, quality and environmental 
regulations and employs best practice to maintain the highest 
standards and to develop a competitive advantage from the 
consistent supply of high quality products.

 While the Group could be at risk from product contamination 
and consequent liability, either through its products and/or raw 
materials, Glanbia employs best practice food safety and quality 
standards in its operations and supply chain management to 
mitigate this risk. 

 The Group is subject to strict and developing environmental 
laws and regulations which could result in an increase in the 
cost of achieving compliance and that may impact the Group’s 
operational or financial performance. Glanbia currently believes 
that the Group is abreast of evolving environmental standards 
and operates energy efficiency, carbon reduction, recycling 
and emission programmes as a means of reducing costs in 
a sustainable fashion and gaining a long term competitive 
advantage in the market place.

30

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

Our responsibilities

As Glanbia, our corporate social responsibility focus is on the 
environment, health and safety, people and corporate giving.  
Our goal is to develop a sustainable business and to contribute  
to our local communities.

The environment

Health and safety

Glanbia has a global footprint with operations in fifteen countries. 
At a minimum the Group seeks to comply with all legislative 
and regulatory requirements. In addition, we are committed to 
continuous improvement at all of our locations and environmental 
initiatives across the Group include:

• 

• 

• 

 Membership of the Energy Star Programme by our businesses 
in the USA. This is a national call to action to improve energy 
efficiency of America’s commercial and industrial sectors by 10% 
or more;

 As well as energy usage reduction, US operations are also 
progressing water usage reduction and waste volume and 
strength reduction programmes;

 There is a carbon reduction programme in Ireland and 
dedicated Carbon Footprint and Sustainability Manager,  
who works to complement a fulltime engineer focusing on 
energy efficiencies in the very energy intensive Irish dairy 
processing facilities;

• 

 The Irish businesses also have ISO14001 accreditation for 
environmental management systems and IS393 accreditation 
for energy management; and

• 

 The Group undertakes an active recycling programme covering 
paper, cardboard, plastic, timber, stainless and mild steel.

Glanbia delivered a good environmental performance in 2009. 
There were no environmental incidents across the Group and good 
progress continued to be made with key environmental initiatives.

Overall in 2009 the Group delivered a good Health & Safety 
(H&S) performance. Significant progress was made with the 
consolidation of H&S risk into risk management processes and 
procedures. Sustained compliance is achieved through a rigorous 
risk management process and a continuous high level of awareness 
of H&S issues by the management teams and staff. Keeping people 
safe is our main priority and we expect further progress in 2010 with 
the role out of a number of H&S risk management initiatives. 

Corporate giving and employee volunteering 

Glanbia plc and its Consumer Products business unit has a major 
three year sponsorship agreement with Barretstown, which is a 
therapeutic recreation camp for children with cancer and other 
serious illnesses. The Group has committed €75,000 per annum 
and Glanbia employees raised an addition €60,000 in 2009 through 
a wide range of fundraising and volunteer activities. Consumer 
Products through its Avonmore Brand seeks to raise awareness 
of Barretstown and creates the opportunity for consumers to 
engage and support the charity. All funds go towards developing 
additional facilities at the camp, in particular this year to build 
cottage accommodation for sick children and the 2009 arts and 
craft programme, which helps the children focus on something 
other than their illness.

The Group’s US operations have partnerned with Shriners 
Hospital for Children for a two-year period and have donated over 
US$70,000. Shriners have decided to use Glanbia’s donation to 
upgrade facilities for parents. Shriners Hospitals is a network of 22 
paediatric hospitals in the USA, Canada and Mexico. The hospitals 
provide specialised care for children under the age of 18 with 
orthopaedic conditions, burns, spinal cord injuries and cleft lip and 
palate issues. All services are provided free of charge. 

Glanbia’s US Cheese business unit hosted their 16th Annual Charity 
Challenge Golf Tournament again this year and raised US$105,000 
for local charities. The tournament started in 1994 as a way to raise 
money to support Magic Valley charities and since then has raised 
almost US$1 million dollars which has been given to 40 local non-
profit organisations. 

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia 31

Our people 

In 2009, the role of Human Resources (HR) 
was central to the implementation of the 
key initiatives designed to safeguard the 
business from the uncertainty it faced, 
enhance competitiveness and create a solid 
platform for future growth. 

Brian Phelan 
Group Human 
Resources & 
Operations Director

A €16 million rationalisation and change programme was 
undertaken, mainly in Irish operations resulting in 210 people 
leaving the Group during the year. A pay freeze was implemented 
across the majority of the organisation. A global recruitment ban 
was put in place, with the exception of key strategic appointments 
that were necessary to sustain or future proof the business. 

Strategic review of pensions

In addition, there was a strategic review of the Group’s pension 
arrangements. This was necessary as a consequence of a 
significantly increased pension funding deficit experienced by the 
schemes. The proposals agreed will lead to important changes in 
Glanbia’s defined benefit schemes designed to help sustain the 
future of these schemes. Full financial details relating to the pension 
arrangements are in the finance review on page 27. 

Open employee communication

Throughout the year there were detailed employee communication 
initiatives to ensure open, honest and productive dialogue, which 
supported all major change management initiatives during 2009. 

People strategy

There was also a continued focus on Glanbia’s people strategy, 
which has two core elements – sustained succession management 
and ensuring an effective HR organisation and systems. Sustained 
succession management identifies people who have the potential 
to develop to the next level of leadership and skill and focuses on 
ensuring that Glanbia is developing the right people to deliver 
its business plans and strategic objectives. It is supported by very 
clear processes and systems that have been developed over recent 
years.  In 2009, there was a reorganisation of the Global Nutritionals 
business and the ability to put the right management in place 
to support this new structure is a reflection of the success of the 
Group’s sustained succession management approach. 

Project Perform

Project Perform – a new SAP-based HR system – was rolled out 
during 2009, commencing with ‘go live’ in March. This system is 
designed to automate the Group’s well developed succession 
management processes. Phase 1 provides a platform for HR 
processes for global salaried employees and also enables payroll 
for Irish based salaried employees. The system allows individuals 
to have access to a secure HR portal to transact employee-related 
activities and is an interactive platform for recording the outcome 
of performance management and related development activities 
with their manager throughout each year. The system also allows 
managers to have ‘real time’ access to essential HR information for 
their department and to conduct performance management with 
the support of a unified, secure and efficient IT platform. 

32
32 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia

Our people continued

In a business that operates from local to global, Glanbia’s people 
strategy provides a common approach and a clear framework to 
develop people and deliver the Group’s growth strategy.

SAP HR Team
Máire Foley, Louise Kent and Tony 
Wiseman, key members of the IT team that 
supported the design and delivery of the 
SAP IT platform to support Glanbia’s Human 
Resources processes. Tony, technical lead 
for the project reflects on the team’s journey; 

Liam Langton
“I have been in the Ballitore Milk plant for 
11 years and during that time have seen 
many changes to the production and 
marketing of Avonmore milk and cream 
products. In 2009, we launched the unique 
Avonmore 2 Litre ‘easy pour’ Milk Jug 
which has been very well received by our 
consumers for its convenience and fresh 
image. For me and my colleagues it was a 
busy and interesting experience getting 
familiar with the new packing machines 
and ensuring we continue to produce a 
consistently high quality product that is 
valued by our consumers” 

“This project reflects the value Glanbia 
places on people management throughout 
the Company’s global community. 
Following on the development of Glanbia’s 
Strategic HR processes over a number of 
years, the time was right to build a system 
that would enable managers to optimise 
their team’s performance through good HR 
practice. We worked closely with the HR 
teams to customise the system to Glanbia’s 
experience. The challenge was to deliver 
a comprehensive and secure system to 
enable employees and HR specialists to 
automate in ‘real time’ the routine ‘People’ 
processes and, especially, to facilitate 
Glanbia’s performance and development 
agenda. For our team, this was the first 
simultaneous global rollout of a SAP 
project in Glanbia and required intensive 
interaction, not only with the global HR 
teams, but with all employees”

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Overview of Glanbia 33
33

Denis O’Donoghue
“I joined the Glanbia Graduate programme 
in September 2008 after completing a 
B.Sc in Accounting in UCC, Ireland. Since 
then I have been challenged with different 
assignments in Group Finance, Dairy 
Ingredients Ireland and, most recently, 
working for the Finance team in the 
Nutricima JV, based in Lagos, Nigeria. 
I am learning all the time particulary on 
the commercial side of the business 
from experienced people such as Lampe 
Omoyele, Marketing Director, Nutricima 
(pictured above) while also studying for my 
professional Accounting exams. It’s great to 
see how the total business works, especially 
in an interesting integrated business like 
Nutricima where we manufacture, distribute 
and sell branded consumer milk products 
to the Nigerian market. I am already looking 
forward to my next assignment in US 
Cheese, our cheese and whey business in 
Idaho, USA”

Serena Lopez
“I joined Southwest Cheese in Clovis, NM 
just a year ago. This is an amazing plant that 
has already added 40% more capacity just 4 
years into its short life. I am responsible for 
operating the RO system which cleans the 
process water and allows it to be recovered 
for reuse in the plant, thereby ensuring 
energy saving and good environmental 
practice. During my time at SWC, I have 
enjoyed my work as part of a proud and 
committed member of the whey team and 
have also taken the opportunity to learn 
new skills through participation in technical 
and safety training.”

Sharon Rokosh
During my four years with Glanbia, I have 
developed my business skills and worked 
in the very exciting ‘Weight Management’ 
sector for Glanbia Nutritionals. Our Brand, 
Prolibra®, has become a key part of the 
formulations of some of the best known 
Global Nutrition companies. I am proud to 
have been part of a team that has leveraged 
our technical and clinical research for 
commercial success. I have also had the 
opportunity to utilise and build on my 
Business education at Purdue University and 
have participated in Glanbia’s Management 
Development Programme. During the 
programme, I had the opportunity to 
develop my leadership and strategic 
thinking capability and to share learning 
experiences and gain exposure to other 
business issues with many of my colleagues 
from the USA, Ireland and the UK”

34

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Board of Directors

The Board of Directors of Glanbia, which stands 
at the apex of Glanbia’s governance structure, is 
committed to achieving the highest standards 
of corporate governance and being ethical in 
the conduct of all aspects of the business which 
they see as fundamental to discharging their 
stewardship responsibilities. The Board strives to 
provide the right leadership, strategic oversight 
and control environment to produce and sustain 
the delivery of value to shareholders and ensure 
maximum transparency and good communication 
between the Group and its shareholders.

Board Committees

Audit  
Committee 
J Callaghan, Chairman 
H Corbally 
J Fitzgerald 
P Haran 
L Herlihy 
J Liston 
V Quinlan

Remuneration 
Committee
J Liston, Chairman 
J Callaghan 
P Haran 
L Herlihy 
J Fitzgerald 
V Quinlan

Nomination 
Committee
L Herlihy, Chairman 
J Callaghan 
P Haran 
J Liston

Michael Horan  
B. Comm, FCA
Group Secretary

Liam Herlihy
Chairman

John Moloney
Group Managing Director

Siobhán Talbot 
Group Finance Director

Chairman

Kevin Toland
CEO & President of Glanbia 
USA & Global Nutritionals

Liam Herlihy1 (aged 58) is Chairman of Glanbia plc. He was 
appointed to the Board in 1997, Vice-Chairman in 2001 and 
Chairman in May 2008. He is also Chairman of Glanbia Co-
operative Society Limited and a Director of Irish Co-operative 
Organisation Society Limited. He completed the Institute of 
Directors Development Programme (2006) and holds a certificate of 
merit in Corporate Governance at UCD. He farms at Headborough, 
Knockanore, Tallow, Co. Waterford.

Executive Directors

John Moloney B.Agr.Sc., MBA, (aged 55) is Group Managing 
Director since 2001, having been appointed to the Board in 
1997. He joined the Group in 1987 and held a number of senior 
management positions including Chief Executive of Food 
Ingredients and Agribusiness. He was appointed Deputy Group 
Managing Director in 2000 and assumed the responsibilities of 
Chief Operating Officer in 2001. Prior to joining the Group he 
worked with the Department of Agriculture, Food and Forestry and 
in the meat industry in Ireland. He is a director of The Irish Dairy 
Board Co-operative Limited, DCC plc and a Council Member of the 
Irish Business and Employers Confederation. 

Siobhán Talbot (B.Comm, FCA) (aged 46), joined the Board as 
Group Finance Director on 1 July 2009. She was appointed Deputy 
Group Finance Director of Glanbia plc in June 2005 and held the 
position of Group Finance Director Designate since March 2009. 
She was formerly Group Secretary and also held a number of 
senior finance positions, since she joined the Group in 1992. Prior 
to joining the Group she worked with PriceWaterhouseCoopers in 
Dublin and Sydney, Australia. 

Kevin Toland FCMA, (aged 44) was appointed to the Board in 
2003. He is CEO & President of Glanbia USA & Nutritionals, having 
previously held the positions of Group Development Director and 
Chief Executive of the Consumer Foods Division. Prior to joining 
Glanbia in 1999, he held a number of senior management positions 
with Coca-Cola Bottlers in Russia and with Grand Metropolitan plc 
in Ireland and Central Europe.

 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 35

John Fitzgerald

Victor Quinlan

John Callaghan

Henry Corbally

Nicholas Dunphy

Edward Fitzpatrick

James Gannon

James Gilsenan

Patrick Gleeson

Paul Haran

Christopher Hill

Martin Keane

Jerry Liston

Matthew Merrick

William Murphy

Anthony O’Connor

Robert Prendergast

Non-executive Directors

John Fitzgerald (aged 54) is vice-Chairman of Glanbia plc. He 
was first appointed to the Board in 1997 and was appointed 
vice-Chairman of the Company in May 2008. He farms at Ross, 
Kilmeaden, Co. Waterford.

Paul Haran (aged 52) was appointed to the Board in 2005. He 
serves on the Court of Directors of the Bank of Ireland, chairs the 
Board of the UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business 
and holds a number of other directorships.

Victor Quinlan1 B.Agr.Sc., (aged 64) is vice-Chairman of Glanbia 
plc. He was first appointed to the Board in 1996 and was appointed 
vice-Chairman of the Company in 2005. He is Chairman of Irish 
Co-operative Society Limited and a Director of Malting Company 
of Ireland Limited. He farms at Baptistgrange, Lisronagh, Clonmel, 
Co. Tipperary.

John Callaghan FCA, FIB, (aged 67) was appointed to the Board 
in 1998 and is the Senior Independent Director. He is a Director 
of ACC Bank plc and Rabobank Ireland plc. He was formerly 
Managing Partner of KPMG (Ireland), Chief Executive of Fyffes plc 
and Chairman of First Active plc.

Henry Corbally1 (aged 55) was appointed to the Board in 1999. 
He is vice-Chairman of the National Dairy Council. He farms at 
Kilmainhamwood, Kells, Co. Meath.

Nicholas Dunphy, (aged 49) was appointed to the Board in 2007. 
He farms at Grawn, Kilmacthomas, Co. Waterford.

Edward Fitzpatrick1 (aged 61) was appointed to the Board in 1999. 
He is a Director of South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited 
and Castlegannon Show Limited. He farms at Knockmoylan, 
Mullinavat, Co. Kilkenny.

James Gannon (aged 59) was appointed to the Board in 2009. He 
farms at Oldtown, Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny.

James Gilsenan1 (aged 50) was appointed to the Board in 1999. He 
farms at Drogheda Road, Collon, Co. Louth.

Patrick Gleeson (aged 48) was appointed to the Board in 2006. He 
is a Committee Member of Centenary Thurles Co-operative Society 
Limited and farms at Loughmore, Templemore, Co. Tipperary.

Christopher Hill1 B.Agr.Sc., (aged 51) was appointed to the Board 
in 2000. He is a Director of Wicklow Rural Partnership Limited and 
Wicklow County Partnership and a member of the Wicklow County 
Development Board. He farms at Johnstown House, Arklow, Co. 
Wicklow. 

Martin Keane (aged 54) was appointed to the Board in 2006. He 
is a Director of Donaghmore Famine Work House and Agricultural 
Museum Co-operative Society Limited. He farms at Errill, 
Portlaoise, Co. Laois.

Jerry Liston B.A., MBA, (aged 69) was appointed to the Board in 
2002. He is Chairman of the Irish Aviation Authority. He was formerly 
Chief Executive of United Drug plc and past Executive Chairman of 
the Michael Smurfit Graduate School of Business.

Matthew Merrick (aged 58) was appointed to the Board in 2005. 
He is Chairman of the County Offaly Enterprise Board and a  
board member of IFAC Accountants. He farms at Shean, Edenderry, 
Co. Offaly.

William Murphy B. Comm, (aged 64) retired as Deputy Group 
Managing Director of Glanbia plc in 2005. He was appointed to 
the Board in 1989. He is a Director of Aryzta plc and a number of 
unlisted companies.

Anthony O’Connor (aged 58) was appointed to the Board in May 
2008. He farms at Ballymacsimon, Kilmuckridge, Gorey,  
Co. Wexford.

Robert Prendergast (aged 48) was appointed to the Board in May 
2008. He farms at Jeanville, Goresbridge, Co. Kilkenny.

1  Completed the University College Cork Diploma in Corporate Direction

36

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Statement on corporate governance 

• 

• 

• 

 capital expenditure, including the approval of the annual 
operating and capital expenditure budgets and any material 
changes to them and the implementation of a Group  
wide policy on capital expenditure which defines limits  
on expenditure;

 dividend policy, including the annual review of the Company’s 
dividend policy and declaration of the interim dividend and 
recommendation of the final dividend;

 shareholder documentation, including approval of resolutions 
and corresponding documentation to be put forward to 
shareholders at a general meeting, approval of all circulars, 
prospectuses and listing particulars and approval of all press 
releases concerning matters decided by the Board; and

• 

 key business policies, including approval of the remuneration, 
treasury and risk management policies.

All Directors are equally accountable to the shareholders for the 
proper stewardship of the affairs and the success of the Company. 
By using their judgement, experience and independence, the 
non-executive Directors play a valuable role by critically reviewing 
and, where appropriate, challenging strategies proposed by 
management to further develop the Group’s business, effectively 
use resources and standards of conduct. This ensures the Board 
acts in the best long-term interests of the shareholders, while 
taking account of the wider community of interests represented by 
employees, customers and suppliers. 

During the year matters considered by the Board included the 
evolving strategic direction of the business, review of Group 
funding arrangements and the potential effect of the recession 
including mitigating recessionary pressures.

Additionally, senior managers from across the business presented 
to the Board on key strategic issues. During the year the Board 
also considered and approved annual and medium-term plans and 
operating results.

By reviewing the Group’s operating performance at each Board 
meeting Directors are kept informed of its progress. Between 
Board meetings, Directors are supplied with monthly performance 
reports, including detailed commentary and analysis. To ensure 
Directors are fully informed on all Committee matters they receive 
reports and minutes from the Chairmen of the Board Committees. 

The Board held ten scheduled Board meetings. Details of 
Directors’ attendance at those meetings are set out in the table 
on the next page.

The Board and management are committed to achieving the 
highest standards of corporate governance and being ethical in 
the conduct of all aspects of the business. In this regard, the Board 
supports the principles of corporate governance contained in the 
Combined Code on corporate governance issued by the Financial 
Reporting Council (the “Combined Code”), which is referred to in 
the Listing Rules, applicable to Irish and UK listed companies and 
is publicly available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website 
www.frc.org.uk/corporate/combined code.cfm. 

This Statement on corporate governance together with the 
Statement on Directors’ remuneration and Risk management 
report on pages 46 to 53 and 28 to 29 respectively are intended 
to explain how the Company has applied the principles of the 
Combined Code and provide an insight into how the Board and 
management run the business for the benefit of shareholders. The 
Chairman’s statement and the Group Managing Director’s review 
seek to present a balanced assessment of the Company’s position 
and prospects.

Compliance with Combined Code

It is the Board’s view that except in relation to the composition 
of the Board, the Company has been compliant throughout the 
accounting period with the provisions of the Combined Code. 

The Board

The Board is responsible for the leadership, direction and control 
of the Company and its subsidiary companies and is accountable to 
shareholders for financial performance. 

Key matters reserved to the Board include:

• 

• 

• 

 Group strategy and business plans, including responsibility for 
the overall management of the Group, approval of the Group’s 
long-term objectives and commercial strategy, oversight of the 
Group’s operations and review of performance in the light of the 
Group’s strategy, objectives, business plans and budgets and 
ensuring that any necessary corrective action is taken;

 acquisitions, disposals and other transactions outside 
delegated limits. The Group has in place an Investment 
Committee which considers all major acquisitions, disposals 
and other transactions prior to presenting to the Board for 
consideration;

 financial reporting and controls, including approval of the 
half-yearly report, interim management statements and any 
preliminary announcement of the final results, approval of 
the annual report and accounts, including this Statement 
on corporate governance and Statement on Directors’ 
remuneration, approval of any significant changes in accounting 
policies or practices, ensuring maintenance of a reliable system 
of internal control and risk management including: receiving 
reports on, and reviewing the effectiveness of, the Group’s risk 
and control processes to support its strategy and objectives, 
undertaking an annual assessment of these processes and 
approving an appropriate statement for inclusion in this  
Annual report;

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 37

Board

Audit Committee

Nomination Committee

Remuneration Committee

A
4
4
4

4
4

4

4

B
4
4
4

4
4

4

4

A
1

1

1

1

B
1

1

1

1

A
5
5
5

5

5

5

B
5
5
5

5

5

5

L Herlihy
J Fitzgerald
V Quinlan
J Moloney
J Callaghan
H Corbally
N Dunphy
E Fitzpatrick
J Gannon**
J Gilsenan
P Gleeson
P Haran
C Hill
M Keane
J Liston
G Meagher***
M Merrick
W Murphy
A O’Connor
M Parsons*
R Prendergast
S Talbot****
K Toland

A
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
 7
10
10
10
10
10
10
 5
10
10
10
 3
10
 5
10

B
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
 7
10
10
10
 9
10
10
 5
10
10
10
 3
10
 5
 8

Column A indicates the number of meetings held during the period the 
Director was a member of the Board and/or Committee 
Column B indicates the number of meetings attended during the period the

Composition of the Board

The Board consists of the Chairman (Mr L Herlihy); seventeen 
other non-executive Directors (including Mr J Callaghan, the 
Senior Independent Director) and three executive Directors (Mr J 
Moloney, the Group Managing Director, Ms S Talbot, the Group 
Finance Director and Mr K Toland, the CEO and President Glanbia 
USA and Nutritionals). 

The Company is a subsidiary of Glanbia Co-operative Society 
Limited (“the Society”), an Irish industrial and provident society, 
which owns 54.6% of the share capital of the Company. Many of the 
members of the Society supply milk and trade with Irish subsidiaries 
of the Company. 

The Society nominates from its Board of Directors, which is elected 
on a three-year basis, fourteen of the eighteen non-executive 
Directors for appointment to the Board of the Company. 

Director was a member of the Board and/or Committee 
* 
Retired 27 May 2009 
***   Retired 30 June 2009 

** 
**** 

Appointed 27 May 2009 
Appointed 1 July 2009

The Board considers that the executive and non-executive 
Directors together have the range of skills, knowledge and 
experience, including international experience, necessary to 
enable them to effectively govern the business. The non-executive 
Directors contribute operational experience and understanding of 
the sectors in which the Group operates. The executive Directors 
bring additional perspectives to the Board’s work through an 
understanding of the Group’s businesses.

Biographies of each of the Directors are set out on pages 34 and 35.

Changes to the composition of the Board during the year
Mr G Meagher retired as a Director of the Company on 30 June 
2009 following his retirement as Deputy Group Managing Director 
and Group Finance Director. Mr M Parsons also stepped down as  
a Director of the Company on 27 May 2009 following his retirement 
as a Director of the Society. The Society nominated Mr J Gannon to 
replace Mr M Parsons and he joined the Board as a non-executive 
Director with effect from 27 May 2009. In addition, Ms S Talbot was 
appointed Director and Group Finance Director on 1 July 2009. 

 
 
 
38

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Organisation of the Board and Group Secretary

Division of responsibilities 
The roles of the Chairman and Group Managing Director are  
split, with clear written guidance to support the division of responsibility. 

Group Chairman 
Mr L Herlihy was appointed Chairman on 28 May 2008. The 
Chairman is responsible for the efficient and effective working of 
the Board. He ensures that Board agendas cover the key strategic 
issues confronting the Group and that Directors receive accurate, 
timely, clear and relevant information. 

The Chairman is available to consult with shareholders throughout 
the year. The Board is kept informed of the views of shareholders 
through regular updates from the Chairman, the Group Secretary 
and the executive Directors, as well as through the inclusion in 
the Board papers of relevant reports and commentaries of, and 
exchanges with, shareholders and investor bodies.

While the Chairman holds a number of other directorships 
including Irish Co-operative Organisation Society Limited and 
farms at Headborough, Knockanore, Tallow, Co. Waterford, the 
Board considers that these do not interfere with the discharge of 
his duties to the Group. 

Vice-Chairmen
The Company has two vice-Chairmen, Mr J Fitzgerald and  
Mr V Quinlan. 

Group Managing Director
Mr J Moloney, as Group Managing Director, is responsible for 
all aspects of the operation and management of the Group and 
its business. His role includes developing, for Board approval, 
an appropriate business strategy and ensuring that the agreed 
strategy is implemented in a timely and effective manner. He is also 
responsible for ensuring an effective organisation structure, for the 
appointment and direction of the senior executive management 
and for the operational management of all the Group’s businesses.

Non-executive Directors
The non-executive Directors on the Board currently consists  
of the Chairman and seventeen other non-executive Directors.  
Mr J Callaghan is the Senior Independent Director. 

In addition to their attendance at Board and, as appropriate, 
Committee meetings, the non-executive Directors also met 
formally on two occasions during 2009 without executive 
management present. At one of these meetings the non-executive 
Directors examined and reviewed the performance of the executive 
management while the remaining meeting was held without 
the presence of the Chairman at which, among other things, the 
performance of the Chairman was discussed. 

Senior Independent Director
The Senior Independent Director is Mr J Callaghan. In this role 
Mr J Callaghan is available to shareholders if they have concerns 
which contact, through the normal channels, has failed to resolve. 
Mr J Callaghan is also available to fellow non-executive Directors, 
either individually or collectively, to discuss any matters of concern 
in a forum that does not include executive directors or the 
management of the Company.

Group Secretary
The Group Secretary, Mr M Horan, through the Chairman, is 
responsible for advising the Board on governance matters and for 
ensuring good information flows within the Board. All Directors 
have access to the advice and services of the Group Secretary, as 
well as access to external advice, if required, at the expense of the 
Group. No such external advice was sought by any Director during 
the year.

Independence

The Board assesses and reviews the independence of each of the 
Directors annually, or at any other time where the circumstances of 
a director change such as to warrant reconsideration, having regard 
to the potential relevance and materiality of a director’s interests. 

Following the 2009 assessment, the Board has determined that 
throughout the reporting period, Mr J Callaghan, Mr P Haran and 
Mr J Liston were independent. In particular, the Board reviewed 
the position of Messrs Callaghan and Liston in the context of 
the guidance in the Combined Code and determined that, 
notwithstanding their twelve years and seven years on the Board 
respectively, they remain independent. In the same manner as 
the other non-executive Directors, they discharge their duties in a 
proper and consistently independent manner and constructively 
and appropriately challenge the executive Directors and the Board.

Fourteen of the remaining fifteen non-executive Directors are 
nominated by the Board of the Society for appointment to the 
Board of the Company. Additionally, Mr W Murphy who retired 
as Deputy Group Managing Director in 2005 and remains on the 
Board as a non-executive Director. The Board recognises that these 
Directors do not meet the criteria for independence as specified in 
the Combined Code. The Board, however, considers that they are 
independent in character and judgement.

All of the non-executive Directors bring an independent 
perspective to their advisory and monitoring roles.

Information and professional development

The Board is supplied with information in a form and quality to 
enable it to take informed decisions and to discharge its duties. 
All Directors are encouraged to make further enquiries as they 
consider appropriate of the executive Directors or management. 
Directors are provided with detailed briefings on the Group’s 
businesses, the markets in which they operate and the overall 
economic and competitive environment. Other areas addressed 
include legal issues and responsibilities of Directors, the Group’s 
governance arrangements and its Investor Relations programme.

Directors are provided with a comprehensive information pack on 
joining the Company and advised of their legal and other duties 
and obligations as a director of a listed company. In addition, all 
new Directors receive induction on their appointment covering such 
matters as the operation and activities of the Company and the 
Group, the role of the Board and the Group’s corporate governance 
procedures. As part of this programme, major shareholders are 
offered an opportunity to meet new non-executive Directors. 

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 39

Non-executive Directors are encouraged to visit the Group’s major 
facilities to enable them to gain a greater understanding of the 
Group’s activities. In addition, at least one board meeting each 
year is held at an ‘off-site’ location which incorporates a visit to 
one of the Group’s principal businesses or developments. During 
the year, the Board made visits to the Group’s businesses located 
in Orsingen-Nenzingen in Germany and Virginia in Co. Cavan. 
The Board also visited a number of other international food and 
ingredients companies operating in Europe and the Agricultural 
Commission of the European Parliament in Brussels where it 
received updates on European Union (“EU”) policy changes in 
relation to the agricultural sector in the EU.

Six of the Directors nominated to the Board by the Society have 
completed the ICOS Diploma in Corporate Direction. Two 
further Directors commenced the diploma in 2009 and three 
further Directors commenced the Smurfit Director Development 
Programme. In addition, members of the Audit Committee 
received a number of technical updates from the Group’s auditors.

Board performance evaluation

The effectiveness of the Board is vital to the success of the 
Group and the Company undertakes a rigorous evaluation each 
year in order to assess how well the Board, its Committees, 
the Directors and the Chairman are performing. The aim is to 
improve the effectiveness of the Board and its Committees and 
the Group’s performance. The process is led by the Chairman 
and supported by the Group Secretary. An external review of the 
Board’s effectiveness and the effectiveness of its Committees 
was undertaken in 2008/2009 by an independent consultancy 
firm. The evaluation considered the effectiveness of the Board 
and its committees under the following categories: Board 
structure and responsibilities, Board process and procedures, 
Board culture and relationships, Board composition and 
competencies, Board content and Board performance. As part 
of the evaluation, interviews were conducted with each Board 
member. All Directors also completed a questionnaire evaluating 
the Board and Committees’ processes, their effectiveness and 
where improvements may be considered. A report was prepared 
based on the interviews with the Directors and the questionnaire 
circulated and the overall results of the evaluation were presented 
to and reviewed by the Board.

The performance of the Chairman is also included in the above 
process and takes into account the views of both the executive and 
non-executive Directors. The Chairman’s evaluation is managed 
by the Senior Independent Director who provides feedback to the 
Chairman. As part of the Chairman’s evaluation the non-executive 
Directors meet separately under the chairmanship of the Senior 
Independent Director.

The Board evaluation process assesses the executive Directors in 
their capacities as directors of the Company. They are evaluated 
in respect of their executive duties through a separate process 
whereby the Chairman and the non-executive Directors assess 
the Group Managing Director and the Group Managing Director 
assesses the executive Directors.

Following this comprehensive review, the Directors have concluded 
that the Board and its Committees operate effectively and agreed a 
number of key changes which are being implemented. Additionally, 
the Chairman has concluded that each Director (including all 
Directors standing for re-election) contributes effectively and 
demonstrates full commitment to his/her duties. Mr J Callaghan, 
as Senior Independent Director, confirms that Mr L Herlihy, also 
standing for re-appointment at this year’s Annual General Meeting 
(“AGM”), continues to perform effectively and demonstrates 
commitment to his role. 

Appointment and retirement of Directors 

The Nomination Committee of the Company leads the process 
for Board appointments other than the fourteen non-executive 
Directors nominated by the Board of the Society for appointment 
to the Board of the Company. New Directors are subject to  
election at the first AGM following their appointment, and 
Directors are subject to retirement and re-appointment by 
shareholders every three years. The re-appointment of non-
executive Directors is not automatic. The Board has determined 
that non-executive Directors who have served for nine years 
or more will be asked to stand for re-appointment annually 
provided that the Board remains satisfied both with the Director’s 
performance and that nine or more years’ continuous service does 
not compromise the Director’s continuing independence.

Terms of appointment

The terms and conditions of appointment of non-executive 
Directors are available for inspection at the Company’s  
registered office during normal business hours and at the AGM  
of the Company.

Share ownership and dealing

In order to maintain investor confidence in the stock markets, 
quoted companies have an obligation to ensure that their Directors 
and employees, and anyone closely associated or connected to 
them, do not place themselves in positions where investors might 
suspect them of abusing inside information. For this reason, the 
Company issued revised rules, in 2008, covering share dealings by 
Directors and employees who regularly, or even occasionally, have 
access to inside information.

The main principle underlying the rules is that no one should trade 
in shares of the Company while in possession of inside information 
about the Company. Likewise, no one should deal in the shares 
of the Company, if it would give rise to a suspicion that they are 
abusing inside information. As a safeguard against any actual or 
potential abuse of these rules, the Company has appointed as 
Compliance Officers, the Group Secretary and the Group Finance 
Director from whom approval must be obtained, in advance, for any 
share dealings by persons to whom the rules apply.

The interests of the Directors and Secretary and their spouses and 
minor children in the share capital of the Company, the holding 
Society and subsidiary companies/societies are set out in the 
Statement on Directors’ remuneration on pages 46 to 53.

40

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Board succession planning

The Board plans for its own succession with the assistance of 
the Nomination Committee. In so doing, the Board considers 
the knowledge and experience necessary to allow it to meet the 
strategic vision for the Company and the Group. During the year 
Ms S Talbot replaced Mr G Meagher as Group Finance Director 
following Mr Meagher’s retirement. Ms S Talbot was previously  
Deputy Finance Director. This process was assisted by the 
Nomination Committee.

External appointments

The Board supports executive Directors and members of the 
Executive Committee taking up non-executive directorships as 
part of their continuing development which will ultimately benefit 
the Company. Accordingly, executive Directors are permitted to 
accept external non-executive Board appointments, subject to 
the agreement of the Board, and are allowed to retain any fees 
received from that appointment. The Group Managing Director is a 
Director of The Irish Dairy Board Co-operative Limited and DCC plc 
for which he received fees of €12,000 and €61,000 respectively.

Non-executive Directors may serve on a number of outside 
Boards, provided they continue to demonstrate the requisite 
commitment to discharge effectively their duties to the Company. 
The Nomination Committee keeps the extent of Directors’ other 
interests under review to ensure that the effectiveness of the Board 
is not compromised. 

Board Committees

The Board has in place a committee structure to assist it in the 
discharge of its responsibilities. The Committees of the Board 
are the Audit Committee, the Nomination Committee, the 
Remuneration Committee and the Finance Sub-Board. Each of 
the Committees has terms of reference under which authority is 
delegated by the Board. The terms of reference may be found at 
www.glanbia.com

The Group Secretary provides secretariat support for each of  
the Committees. 

Nomination Committee

The Nomination Committee is chaired by Mr L Herlihy and its other 
members are Mr J Callaghan, Mr P Haran and Mr J Liston, all of 
whom are non-executive Directors.

The Nomination Committee of the Company leads the process 
for Board appointments other than the fourteen non-executive 
Directors nominated by the Board of the Society for appointment 
to the Board of the Company. The Nomination Committee also 
considers appointments to senior executive positions. The 
Nomination Committee met once during the year. Information 
on meeting attendance by Nomination Committee members is 
included in the table on page 37.

The Nomination Committee’s main responsibilities are to: 
• 

 identify and nominate for the approval of the Board, candidates 
to fill board vacancies as and when they arise;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 before making an appointment, evaluate the balance of skills, 
knowledge and experience on the Board and, in the light of this 
evaluation, prepare a description of the role and capabilities 
required for a particular appointment;

 review annually the time required from a non-executive Director. 
The performance evaluation procedures will be used to assess 
whether a non-executive Director is spending enough time to 
fulfil their duties;

 give full consideration to succession planning in the course of 
its work, taking into account the challenges and opportunities 
facing the company and what skills and expertise are therefore 
needed on the Board in the future;

 regularly review the structure, size and composition (including 
the skills, knowledge and experience) of the Board and make 
recommendations to the Board with regard to any changes; and

 keep under review the leadership needs of the organisation, 
both executive and non-executive, with a view to ensuring the 
continued ability of the organisation to compete effectively in 
the marketplace.

Key activities during the year
• 

 Recommendation on the appointment of new Finance Director 
The Board accepted the Nomination Committee’s 
recommendations that Ms S Talbot join the Board following  
the retirement of Mr G Meagher. Ms S Talbot was previously  
Deputy Finance Director.

• 

• 

• 

 Review of Directors’ independence 
The nomination for the re-appointment of the non-executive 
Directors, Mr J Callaghan, Mr H Corbally, Mr J Fitzgerald, 
Mr E Fitzpatrick, Mr J Gilsenan, Mr L Herlihy, Mr C Hill, Mr W 
Murphy and Mr V Quinlan respectively, was reviewed with 
particular rigour, as they have served as Directors for nine years 
or more (with each of Mr J Callaghan and Mr L Herlihy excusing 
themselves from the consideration of their own nomination for 
re-appointment). The Nomination Committee was satisfied 
that their re-appointment as Directors for a further term was 
warranted having regard to their continuing contribution and 
valuable experience on the Board, which in the Nomination 
Committee and the Board’s view enhanced their effectiveness 
and commitment to their roles.

 Review of the time required from a non-executive Director 
The Nomination Committee and the Board is satisfied that the 
Chairman and each of the non-executive Directors commit 
sufficient time to the fulfilment of their duties as Chairman and 
directors of the Company respectively. 

 Review of Committee performance 
The Nomination Committee assessed its performance. As a result 
of that assessment, the Nomination Committee is satisfied that it 
is functioning effectively and it has met its terms of reference.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 41

The Nomination Committee did not use an external search 
consultancy or open advertising in the appointment of the new 
non-executive Director, Mr J Gannon, as he was nominated by the 
Board of the Society for appointment to the Board.

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by Mr J Liston and its 
other members are Mr L Herlihy, Mr V Quinlan, Mr J Callaghan, Mr J 
Fitzgerald and Mr P Haran, all of whom are non-executive Directors.

The Remuneration Committee determines, on behalf of the Board, 
the Group’s framework of executive remuneration and the specific 
packages and conditions of employment for each of the executive 
Directors and certain senior executives, as decided by the Board. 
The Remuneration Committee operates the Company’s share 
option and Long Term Incentive Schemes. The remuneration of 
the non-executive Directors is determined by the Remuneration 
Committee within the total amount approved by the Company’s 
shareholders.

The Remuneration Committee met five times during the year. 
Information on meeting attendance by Remuneration Committee 
members is included in the table on page 37.

The Remuneration Committee’s key objectives are to: 
• 

 align senior executives’ remuneration with the interests of 
shareholders and other stakeholders, including customers  
and employees;

• 

 promote the achievement of both the Company’s annual 
plans and its strategic objectives by providing a remuneration 
package that contains appropriately motivating targets; and

• 

 establish a competitive remuneration package to attract, retain 
and motivate high quality leaders.

Full details of the Remuneration Committee’s members, attendance, 
objectives, responsibilities and key activities during the year are set 
out in the Statement on Directors’ remuneration on pages 46 to 53.

Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is chaired by Mr J Callaghan and its other 
members are Mr L Herlihy, Mr V Quinlan, Mr H Corbally, Mr J 
Fitzgerald, Mr P Haran and Mr J Liston, all of whom are non-
executive Directors. 

The Audit Committee met four times during the year. Information 
on meeting attendance by Audit Committee members is included 
in the table on page 37.

The main role and responsibilities of the Audit Committee include:

• 

 to monitor the integrity of the financial statements of the 
Group, and any formal announcements relating to the Group’s 
financial performance, reviewing significant financial reporting 
judgements contained in them;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 to review the Group’s internal financial controls and, unless 
expressly addressed by a separate Board risk committee 
composed of non-executive Directors, or by the Board itself, to 
review the Group’s internal control and risk management systems;

 to monitor and review the effectiveness of the Group’s internal 
audit function;

 to make recommendations to the Board, and to the 
shareholders for their approval in general meeting, in relation  
to the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the 
external auditors and to approve the remuneration and terms  
of engagement of the external auditors;

 to review and monitor the external auditors’ independence  
and objectivity and the effectiveness of the audit process,  
taking into consideration relevant Irish professional and 
regulatory requirements;

 to develop and implement policy on the engagement of the 
external auditors to supply non-audit services, taking into 
account relevant ethical guidance regarding the provision of 
non-audit services by the external audit firm; and to report 
to the Board, identifying any matters in respect of which it 
considers that action or improvement is needed and making 
recommendations as to the steps to be taken; and

• 

 to review the arrangements by which staff of the Group may, 
in confidence, raise concerns about possible improprieties in 
matters of financial reporting or other matters. 

Key activities during the year
• 

 Review of the integrity of the financial statements 
The Audit Committee assisted the Board in assuring the 
integrity of the financial statements of the Group and any formal 
announcements by evaluating and making recommendations 
to the Board on the appropriateness of accounting policies and 
practices, areas of judgement, compliance with accounting 
standards and the results of external and internal audits prior to 
their submission to the Board for approval.

• 

 Review of the Group’s internal control and risk management 
systems
The Board is ultimately responsible for risk management 
which includes the Group’s risk governance structure and 
maintaining an appropriate internal control framework. The 
Audit Committee terms of reference includes responsibility for 
reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control and 
risk management systems. During 2009 the Audit Committee in 
conjunction with members of the executive management team 
reviewed the population of risks the business is exposed to and 
identified and evaluated the key areas of risk for the Group. 
Management presentations included detailed reviews of the 
key Group risks identified and of the systems for managing 
these risks. Further details of these reviews are outlined in the 
Risk management report on pages 28 to 29.

42

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

• 

• 

 Review of auditors Independence 
The Audit Committee manages the relationship with the 
external auditors on behalf of the Board. In doing so it provided 
recommendations in relation to the re-appointment of the 
existing auditors and reviewed and approved their terms of 
engagement. It also assessed the performance of the auditors 
and their level of independence and objectivity in carrying 
out their duties in line with the Group auditor relationship and 
Independence policy.

 Review of the effectiveness of the Internal Audit function 
The Audit Committee reviewed and approved the annual 
Internal Audit Plan (the “Plan”) and ensured that the function 
was adequately staffed to perform its duties. The Audit 
Committee reviewed progress against the Plan and received 
an executive summary of all audit reports issued by the internal 
audit department.

• 

 Review of Audit Committee Performance 
The Audit Committee assessed its performance and as a result 
of that assessment the Audit Committee is satisfied that it is 
functioning effectively in line with its terms of reference.

Relations with auditors
The Company has in place a formal policy on auditor relationship 
and independence with which the external auditors are required 
to comply, to ensure that the independence of the auditors is not 
impaired by the nature of non-audit work. This policy provides 
that the Group shall not retain its independent auditors to provide 
services other than audit and audit-related services other than in 
exceptional circumstances.

The following services are prohibited unless approved under the 
terms of the policy:

• 

 bookkeeping or other administrative services related to the 
Group’s accounting records or financial statements;

•  financial information systems design and implementation;

• 

Internal Audit services;

•  management functions;

• 

 executive searches for the Group Managing Director or Group 
Finance Director; and

• 

legal services.

Details of the Auditor’s remuneration is set out in note 6 – operating 
expenses. The audit engagement partner rotates every five years.

Finance Sub-Board

The Finance Sub-Board is chaired by Mr L Herlihy and its other 
members are Mr V Quinlan, Mr J Fitzgerald, Mr J Callaghan, Mr E 
Fitzpatrick, Mr P Haran, M J Liston, Mr J Moloney and Ms S Talbot.

The Finance Sub-Board met once during the year. 

The Finance Sub-Board’s key objective is to consider and, where 
appropriate, make recommendations to the Board in respect of any 
change in Group strategy or any acquisition or divestment above a 
certain level.

Activities during the year
•  Recommendation on pension strategy for Irish pension schemes.

US Advisory Board

The US Advisory Board was established to assist the Board in 
developing a greater awareness of activities and market trends 
in the relevant USA industry sectors. Mr L Herlihy, Chairman, is 
Chairman of the US Advisory Board. The membership of the 
Advisory Board currently comprises: Mr J Callaghan, Senior 
Independent Director; Mr K Toland, Executive Director; Messrs  
J Fitzgerald and V Quinlan, Vice-Chairmen; Mr M Walsh, Glanbia 
Chairman from 2005 to 2008; and Messrs J McCullough, P Rogers, 
W Seltzer and Ms S Davis, USA based members*. Mr J Moloney, 
Group Managing Director, also attends meetings of the US 
Advisory Board. 

* 

* 

* 

* 

 Mr J McCullough, retired, was previously Chief Executive Officer 
of CRH Americas Products and Distribution. He joined CRH in 
1979 and has held a number of senior management positions 
with that company. 

 Mr P Rogers, retired, was previously President of Nabisco Foods 
Americas and held a variety of other senior positions in food 
companies.

 Mr W Seltzer recently retired as Chief Executive Officer of 
Seltzer Companies, Inc.

 Ms S Davis is Chairperson of Susan Davis International,  
a Washington D.C. based public affairs agency.

Internal control

The Board has overall responsibility for the group’s system of 
internal control, for reviewing its effectiveness and for confirming 
that a process exists for the identification, evaluation and 
management of risk in order to ensure that the Group’s strategic 
objectives are achieved. This process has been in place for the 
year covered in this Annual report and financial statements and 
up to the date of its approval. The Turnbull Guidance sets out best 
practice on internal control for Irish and UK listed companies to 
assist them in assessing the application of the Combined Code’s 
principles and compliance with the Combined Code’s provisions 
with regard to internal control. The Group’s systems of internal 
control are regularly reviewed by the Board and accord with the 
Turnbull Guidance which the Board has fully adopted.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 43

While acknowledging its responsibility for the system of internal 
control, the Board is aware that such a system is designed to 
manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business 
objectives, and can only provide reasonable and not absolute 
assurance against material misstatement or loss.

The Group’s key systems of internal control and risk management 
can be summarised as follows;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 a code of conduct that defines a set of agreed standards and 
guidelines for corporate behaviour;

 clearly defined organisation structures and lines of authority 
including appropriate terms of reference for Board Committees;

 a Group-wide risk assessment process which is maintained by 
business unit management reporting to the Group Executive 
and Board as required;

 the Audit Committee, a formally constituted committee of 
the Board comprising non-executive Directors only. It meets 
with internal and external auditors to satisfy itself that control 
procedures are in place and are being followed;

 a Group Internal Audit function which monitors financial, 
operational and regulatory controls and reports to the Audit 
Committee and management. The annual audit plan is 
approved by the Audit Committee;

 a control self assessment programme has been implemented 
which assesses internal control and fraud prevention processes; 
and

• 

 Financial reporting process internal control and risk 
management systems which include the following main features:

 -  Board approval of the annual budget plan following Group 

and business unit strategy plan reviews;

 -  monitoring of performance against the annual budget 
through monthly board reports detailing actual versus 
budgeted results, analysis of material variances, review of key 
performance indicators and re-forecasting where required;

 -  Audit Committee review of the integrity of the half-year  

accounts and annual financial statements, interim 
management statements and any formal announcements. 
Any resulting recommendations are included in the Audit 
Committee Chairman’s Board report;

 -  Board review and approval of the group half-year accounts, 
annual accounts, interim management statements and any 
formal announcements;

 -  the establishment of clearly defined guidelines for capital 
expenditure, including detailed budgeting, appraisal and 
post-investment reviews;

 -  the use of a Group finance management manual that clearly 
sets out Group accounting policies and financial control 
procedures; and

 -  Board approved treasury risk management policies, designed 

to ensure that Group foreign exchange and interest rate 
exposures are managed within defined parameters.

The Board has reviewed the effectiveness of the current systems 
of internal control specifically for the purpose of this statement. 
In judging the effectiveness of the Group’s controls, the Board 
monitors the reports of the Audit Committee and management. 
Without diminishing its own responsibilities the Board has 
delegated certain acts to the Audit Committee. These include 
detailed reviews of key risks inherent in the business and of the 
systems for managing these risks. Further details of these reviews 
are outlined in the Risk management report on pages 28 to 29. 
The Chairman of the Audit Committee reports to the Board after 
each meeting of the Audit Committee. In addition to the Audit 
Committee reporting the Board has also taken assurance through 
the work of the various other Board Committees. The Board is 
satisfied that the Group internal controls systems are properly 
reviewed and effective.

The Directors, through the use of appropriate procedures and 
systems, have also ensured that measures are in place to secure 
compliance with the Company’s obligation to keep proper books 
of account. These books of account are kept at the registered office 
of the Company.

Memorandum and Articles of Association 

The Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association set 
out the objects and powers of the Company. The Articles detail 
the rights attaching to each share class; the method by which the 
Company’s shares can be purchased or re-issued; the provisions 
which apply to the holding of and voting at general meetings; and 
the rules relating to the Directors, including their appointment, 
retirement, re-election, duties and powers. A copy of the 
Memorandum and Articles of Association can be obtained from  
the Company’s website, www.glanbia.com.

Share capital

At 2 January 2010 the authorised share capital of the Company 
was 306,000,000 ordinary shares of €0.06 each and the issued share 
capital was 293,555,684 ordinary shares of €0.06 each, of which 
54.6% was held by the Society. All the Company’s shares are fully 
paid up and quoted on the Irish and London Stock Exchanges. 
No shares were allotted during the year. Details of the Company’s 
share capital and shares under option or award at 2 January 2010 
are given in note 23 to the financial statements.

Rights and obligations of ordinary shares
On a show of hands at a general meeting every holder of ordinary 
shares present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall have 
one vote. On a poll, every member present in person or by proxy, 
shall have one vote for every ordinary share held. In accordance 
with the provisions of the Articles of Association, holders of 
ordinary shares are entitled to a dividend where declared or paid 
out of profits available for such purposes. On return of capital on a 
winding up, holders of ordinary shares are entitled to participate in 
such a return. 

44

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Amendments to the Company’s Articles of Association will 
be proposed at the forthcoming AGM to take account of the 
provisions of The Shareholders’ Rights (Directive 2007/36/EC) 
Regulations 2009 and to permit future dividends to be made 
only by credit transfer into a nominated bank or building society 
account. The amendments to take account of the Shareholders’ 
Rights (Directive 2007/36/EC) Regualtions 2009 will include 
measures relating to the votes of proxies and multiple corporate 
representatives at general meetings of the Company. Further 
information can be found in the circular to shareholders 
accompanying the notice of the AGM. 

Rights under the Shareholders’ Rights (Directive 2007/36/EC) 
Regulations 2009 
Members have the right to ask questions related to items on the 
agenda of a general meeting and to receive answers, subject to 
certain qualifications.

Members (s) holding 3% of the issued share capital of the company, 
representing at least 3% of its total voting rights, will have the right 
to put items on the agenda and to table draft resolutions at AGMs. 
The request must be received by the company at least 42 days 
before the relevant meeting. 

Further details of shareholders rights under the Shareholders’ 
Rights (Directive 2007/36/EC) Regulations 2009 are contained  
in the notice of the 2010 AGM available on the Group website  
www.glanbia.com and posted with this Report.

Exercise of rights of shares in employee share schemes
As detailed in note 23 to the financial statements at 2 January 2010, 
570,054 ordinary shares were held in an employee benefit trust 
for the purpose of the Group’s employee share schemes. Whilst 
any shares in the Company are held by the Trustees, the Trustees 
shall refrain from exercising any voting rights which may attach to 
the shares save that, if the beneficial interest in any share has been 
vested in any beneficiary, the Trustees shall seek and comply with 
any direction from such beneficiary as to the exercise of voting 
rights attaching to such share.

Restrictions on transfer of shares
With the exception of restrictions on transfer of shares under the 
Company’s share schemes while the shares are subject to the 
schemes, there are no restrictions on the voting rights attaching to 
the Company’s ordinary shares or the transfer of securities in the 
Company.

No person holds securities in the Company carrying special rights 
with regard to control of the Company. The Company is not aware 
of any agreements between holders of securities that may result in 
restrictions in the transfer of securities or voting rights. 

Unless expressly specified to the contrary in the Articles of Association 
of the Company, the Company’s Articles of Association may be 
amended by special resolution of the Company’s shareholders. 

Authority to purchase own shares
At the Company’s AGM held on 13 May 2009, shareholders 
renewed the Company’s authorities to make market purchases 
of up to 10% of the aggregate nominal value of the issued share 
capital of the Company at close of business on that date. These 
authorities were not used during the year and, at the forthcoming 
AGM, shareholders will be asked to renew them for another year. 
Details are contained in the notice of AGM. As detailed in note 
23 to the financial statements at 2 January 2010, 570,054 ordinary 
shares were held in an employee benefit trust for the purpose of 
the Group’s employee share schemes.

Substantial interests
At 9 March, 2010, the Company has been advised of the following 
notifiable interests in its ordinary share capital:

Shareholder

No. of  
ordinary shares

% of issued share 
capital

Glanbia Co-operative 
Society Limited

160,277,308

54.6%

Communication with shareholders

The Company places considerable importance on communication 
with shareholders and engages with them on a wide range of 
issues. The Group has an ongoing programme of dialogue and 
meetings between the executive Directors and institutional 
investors, fund managers and analysts. At these meetings a 
wide range of relevant issues including strategy, performance, 
management and governance are discussed within the constraints 
of information already made public.

The Group Finance Director facilitates communication with 
institutional investors. The Directors consider it important to 
understand the views of shareholders and, in particular, any issues 
which concern them. The Board receives reports on matters that 
have been raised with management at the regular meetings 
held with the large investors. During the year the Chairman held 
a meeting with the major institutional investors and attended 
investor meetings with management. In addition, the Senior 
Independent Director is available to meet with major shareholders 
to discuss any areas of concern that cannot be resolved through 
normal channels of investor communication and arrangements can 
be made to meet with the Senior Independent Director through the 
Group Secretary. Similarly, arrangements can be made for major 
shareholders to meet with newly appointed directors. In addition, 
the Board consults with shareholders in connection with specific 
issues where it considers appropriate. 

The Board is equally interested in the concerns of private 
shareholders and, on its behalf the Group Secretary oversees 
communication with these investors. All material information 
reported to the regulatory news services is simultaneously 
published on the Company’s website affording all shareholders  
full access to Company announcements.

 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 45

The Company has taken full advantage of the provisions within the 
Transparency (Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 allowing 
communications to be made electronically to shareholders where 
they have not requested hard copy documentation. As a result 
the Company’s website has become the primary method of 
communication for the majority of its shareholders. 

• 

• 

 give approval to call an Extraordinary General Meeting on  
14 days notice; and 

 amend the Articles of Association so as to update the Articles 
of Association in order to make them consistent with the 
Shareholders’ Rights (Directive 2007/36/EC) Regulations 2009 
and permit future dividends to be made only by credit transfer 
into a nominated bank or building society account.

To ensure shareholders have time to consider the annual report and 
accounts and notice of the AGM and lodge their proxy votes they 
were mailed more than 20 working days prior to the meeting. The 
Group offers all shareholders the choice of submitting proxy votes 
either electronically or in paper format. It also offers them the ability 
to abstain.

The Company’s AGM, which is held in Ireland, provides a valuable 
opportunity for the Board to communicate with private investors. At 
the meeting, the Company complies with the Combined Code as it 
relates to voting, the separation of resolutions and the attendance 
of Committee chairmen. Whenever possible, all Directors attend 
the AGM and shareholders are invited to ask questions during 
the meeting and have an opportunity to meet with the Directors 
following the conclusion of the formal part of the meeting. In line 
with the Combined Code, details of proxy voting by shareholders, 
including votes withheld, are made available on request and are 
placed on the Company’s website following the meeting.

The Company’s annual report and accounts and annual review, 
together with the Company’s half-yearly reports, interim 
management statements and other public announcements are 
designed to present a balanced and understandable view of 
the Group’s activities and prospects and are available on the 
Company’s website. The Chairman’s statement, Group Managing 
Director’s review, and Business review provide an assessment of  
the Group’s affairs and they will be supported by a presentation to 
be made at the AGM.

Change of control provisions

The Company has certain banking facilities which may require 
repayment in the event that a change in control occurs with respect 
to the Company. There are also a number of agreements that take 
effect, alter or terminate upon a change of control of the Company, 
such as commercial contracts and joint venture agreements. In 
addition, the Company’s long term incentive plans contain change 
of control provisions which can allow for the acceleration of the 
exercisability of share options and the vesting of share awards in the 
event that a change of control occurs with respect to the Company. 

Corporate responsibility

As the Group grows and develops as a leading international 
cheese and nutritional ingredients Group, so also does the 
Group’s commitment to conducting its business in a way that is 
economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. 

During 2009 the Group made further progress in its corporate 
citizenship objectives, more particular details of which are 
summarised in Our responsibilities section of this report on  
pages 30 to 33.

Accountability and audit

Full details of the AGM to be held on Tuesday 25 May 2010, 
together with explanations of the resolutions to be proposed, are 
contained in the notice of the AGM available on the Group’s website 
www.glanbia.com and posted with this Report. In addition to the 
ordinary business of an AGM, shareholders are being asked to:

Financial reporting 
Directors’ responsibilities for preparing the financial statements  
for the Company and the Group are detailed on page 55. The 
auditors’ report details the respective responsibilities of Directors 
and auditors.

Going concern
After making enquiries the Directors have a reasonable expectation 
that the Company and the Group have adequate resources to 
continue in operation and existence for the foreseeable future, 
and accordingly they continue to adopt a going concern basis in 
preparing the financial statements.

• 

• 

 renew the Directors’ authority to allot relevant securities, within 
the meaning of section 20 of the Companies (Amendment) 
Act, 1983, up to an aggregate nominal amount of equal to the 
authorised but unissued share capital of the Company of the 
date of the AGM;

 renew the authority to disapply the strict statutory pre-emption 
provisions in the event of a rights issue or in any other issue up 
to an aggregate amount of €746,658.96 in nominal value of 
ordinary shares, representing 4.24% of the nominal value of the 
Company’s issued ordinary share capital for the time being; 

• 

 extend the authority to purchase up to 10% of its own shares 
until the earlier of the close of business on 24 August 2011 or the 
date of the AGM of the Company in 2011; 

• 

 pass a resolution authorising the Company to reissue such 
shares purchased by it and not cancelled as treasury shares; 

46

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Statement on Directors’ remuneration

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 determine each year whether share awards will be made, and if 
so, the overall amount of such share awards, the individual share 
awards to executive Directors and other senior executives and 
the performance targets to be achieved;

 determine the policy for, and scope of, pension arrangements 
for each executive Director and other senior executives;

 ensure that contractual terms on termination, and any payments 
made are fair to the individual, and the Company, that failure is 
not rewarded and that the duty to mitigate loss is fully recognised;

 within the terms of the agreed policy and in consultation with 
the Group Chairman and/or the Group Managing Director 
as appropriate, determine the total individual remuneration 
package of each executive Director and other senior executives 
including bonuses, incentive payments and share options or 
other share awards;

 review and note annually the remuneration trends across the 
Company or Group;

 oversee any major changes in employee benefits structures 
throughout the Company or Group;

 ensure that all provisions regarding disclosure of remuneration 
including pensions, as set out in the Combined Code on 
Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting 
Council (the “Combined Code”), are fulfilled; and

 be exclusively responsible for establishing the selection criteria, 
selecting, appointing and setting the terms of reference for 
any remuneration consultants who advise the Remuneration 
Committee; and for obtaining reliable, up-to-date information 
about remuneration in other companies as appropriate.

Remuneration Committee membership 

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by J Liston and its 
members are L Herlihy, V Quinlan, J Callaghan, J Fitzgerald  
and P Haran, all of whom are non-executive Directors.

The Remuneration Committee met on five occasions in 2009  
and the meeting attendance record is set out in the Statement  
on corporate governance.

Remuneration Committee meetings are generally attended by 
Mr J Moloney, the Group Managing Director and Mr B Phelan, 
the Group Human Resources Director (other than when their own 
remuneration is being discussed). The Group Secretary acts as 
secretary to the Remuneration Committee. 

This report sets out the remuneration policy for the Company’s 
Directors, describes its implementation and discloses the  
amounts earned in 2009. 

This report covers the following: 

• 

 the Remuneration Committee’s objectives, membership and 
main activities in 2009;

•  a review of the Company’s remuneration policy and practice;

• 

 summary of basic salary benefits, performance related bonus, 
share-based incentive schemes and pension benefits;

•  service contracts;

•  external board appointments;

•  remuneration policy for non-executive Directors; and

• 

 tables summarising the 2009 position on: Directors’ 
remuneration and Directors’ and Secretary’s interests in shares.

Remuneration Committee objectives

The Remuneration Committee is a committee of the Board. Its 
terms of reference are available from the Group Secretary and can 
be found on the Company’s website www.glanbia.com. 

The Remuneration Committee’s key objectives are to: 
• 

 align senior executives’ remuneration with the interests of 
shareholders and other stakeholders, including customers  
and employees;

• 

 promote the achievement of both the Company’s annual 
plans and its strategic objectives by providing a remuneration 
package that contains appropriately motivating targets; and

• 

 establish a competitive remuneration package to attract,  
retain and motivate high quality leaders.

The Remuneration Committee’s main responsibilities are to: 
 determine and agree with the Board the framework or broad 
• 
policy for the remuneration of the Group Managing Director, the 
Group Chairman, the executive Directors, the Group Secretary 
and such other members of the executive management as it is 
designated to consider;

• 

• 

• 

 ensure that members of the executive management of 
the Company are provided with appropriate incentives to 
encourage enhanced performance and are, in a fair and 
responsible manner, rewarded for their individual contributions 
to the success of the Company;

 review the ongoing appropriateness and relevance of the 
remuneration policy;

 approve the design of, and determine targets for, any 
performance-related pay schemes operated by the Company and 
approve the total annual payments made under such schemes;

• 

 review the design of all share incentive plans for approval by the 
Board and shareholders;

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 47

The Remuneration Committee appointed Mercer to advise them 
on a review of senior executive remuneration which culminated 
in the introduction of the 2007 and 2008 Long Term Incentive 
Plans (the “LTIPs”). The Group Secretary and the Group Human 
Resources Director advised the Remuneration Committee in 
relation to the operation of the Company’s share plans. 

Basic salaries and benefits
The basic salaries of executive Directors are reviewed annually 
having regard to personal performance, competitive market 
practice or where a change of responsibility occurs. Benefits-in-
kind consist principally of a company car. No fees are payable to 
executive Directors for their attendance at Board meetings.

In line with the Combined Code requirements, the Board undertook 
a review of the effectiveness of the Remuneration Committee 
during the year. The 2009 review concluded that the Remuneration 
Committee had fulfilled its role and responsibilities appropriately.

Remuneration Committee activities during 2009

The Remuneration Committee considers matters relating to 
the operation of the remuneration policy and emerging market 
practices. In 2009 the Remuneration Committee discussed, 
amongst others, the issues set out below: 

•  approval of Group Managing Director’s service contract;

• 

• 

• 

 annual review of executive Directors’ basic salaries and benefits 
in kind ;

 annual consideration and approval of executive Directors’ 
bonus target for 2009; 

 a review and approval of LTIP grants to the executive Directors’ 
and approval of the performance conditions for the 2009 grants; 

•  a performance test of existing options;

•  senior management salary review for the Group; and

• 

 strategic review of the ongoing funding of the Group’s defined 
benefit pension scheme.

During the year, the Group Managing Director and all other Directors 
and senior management reporting directly to the Group Managing 
Director volunteered to take a reduction in their basic salaries.

Remuneration policy and practice

The Remuneration Committee determines, on behalf of the Board, 
the Group’s framework of executive remuneration and the specific 
packages and conditions of employment for each of the executive 
Directors and certain senior executives, as decided by the Board. 
The Remuneration Committee consults the Group Managing 
Director regarding remuneration proposals and obtains internal 
and external professional advice as deemed appropriate. The 
Remuneration Committee operates the Company’s share option 
and Long Term Incentive Schemes. 

Remuneration policy
Remuneration policy is based on attracting, retaining and 
motivating executives to ensure that they perform in the best 
interests of the Group and its shareholders. Performance-related 
elements of remuneration form a significant proportion of the total 
remuneration package of executive Directors. The Remuneration 
Committee obtains external advice on remuneration in comparable 
companies as necessary and has given full consideration to the 
Combined Code.

Performance-related annual bonus
The Group operates a performance-related bonus scheme for 
executive Directors, senior executives and other management. 
Payments under the scheme for executive Directors depend on the 
achievement of pre-determined goals for Group performance and 
an assessment of individual performance against agreed objectives.

Share-based incentive schemes
The 2002 LTIP
In 2002 shareholders approved the introduction of the 2002 LTIP for 
selected Group employees in order to further align the interests of 
key Group personnel with those of shareholders. Under the 2002 
LTIP options cannot be exercised before the expiration of three years 
from the date of grant and can only be exercised if a predetermined 
performance criterion for the Company has been achieved. The 
performance criterion is that there has been an increase in the 
adjusted EPS of the Company of at least the increase in the Consumer 
Price Index plus 5% compounded over a three-year period. 

To encourage participating executives to hold the shares issued to 
them on the exercise of their options, share awards specified as a 
percentage of the shares held will be made on the second and fifth 
anniversaries of the exercise of the option. The number of shares 
which may be the subject of such awards may not exceed 20% and 
10% of the number of shares so held on the respective anniversaries.

Benefits under the 2002 LTIP are not pensionable.

The 2008 LTIP
The 2008 LTIP has been designed so that any rewards will be 
dependent on a sustained improvement in the underlying financial 
performance of the Group in the period since the date of the grant 
of the relevant awards. Where there is sustained improvement in 
the underlying financial performance, the extent of vesting shall be 
determined by growth in the Company’s EPS (earnings per share) 
and the Company’s TSR (total shareholder return) performance 
(the “EPS condition” and the “TSR Performance Condition”, 
respectively). The vesting of 50% of the shares which are the subject 
of an award will be subject to the EPS Condition and the remaining 
50% shall be subject to the TSR Performance Condition. 

EPS
EPS is the adjusted consolidated earnings or profit made by the 
Company divided by the number of shares outstanding (as shown 
in the annual report). 

TSR
TSR represents the change in capital value of a listed/quoted 
company over a period, plus dividends, expressed as a plus or 
minus percentage of the opening value. 

48

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

EPS Condition
Under the EPS Condition, there must be an increase in the adjusted 
consolidated EPS of the Company of at least the increase in the 
Consumer Price Index plus 5% compounded over a three year 
period. The benefit which a participant can receive under the 2008 
LTIP will depend on the annualised percentage increase in the 
Company’s EPS over the performance period. 

There are three pre-defined levels of EPS performance, which  
will govern the percentage level of vesting that may occur under  
an award. 

The 2008 LTIP provides that at the lowest level, no part of an 
award may vest unless the Company’s EPS performance over the 
performance period achieves at least the annualised percentage 
increase in the Consumer Price Index plus 5% compounded over 
the performance period. 

Where the Company’s EPS performance over the performance 
period equals the annualised percentage increase in the Consumer 
Price Index plus 5% compounded over the performance period, 
then 25% of the award shall vest. 

Where the Company’s EPS performance over the performance 
period equals or is greater than the annualised percentage 
increase in the Consumer Price Index plus 10% compounded over 
the performance period, then 50% of the award shall vest. 

Where the Company’s EPS performance over the performance period 
is between the thresholds of the annualised percentage increase in 
the Consumer Price Index plus 5% and the annualised percentage 
increase in the Consumer Price Index plus 10% compounded, then a 
pro rata vesting on a straight line basis shall apply.

TSR Performance Condition
Under the TSR Performance Condition, the Company’s TSR 
performance will be compared against the TSR performance of a 
peer group of food companies. The benefit which a participant can 
receive under the 2008 LTIP will depend on how well the Company’s 
TSR performance compares against this peer group over the 
performance period. 

There are three pre-defined levels of TSR performance, which will 
govern the percentage level of vesting that may occur under  
an award. 

The 2008 LTIP provides that at the lowest level, no part of an 
award may vest unless the Company’s TSR performance over the 
performance period achieves at least the median TSR performance 
of the peer group of food companies. 

Where the Company’s TSR performance equals the median TSR 
performance of the peer group, then 15% of the award shall vest. 

Where the Company’s TSR performance is equal to or above the 
top 25% of TSR performance of the peer group, then 50% of the 
award shall vest. 

Where the Company’s TSR performance is between the median 
and top 25% of TSR performance of the peer group, then a pro rata 
vesting on a straight line basis shall apply.

The 2007 LTIP
The 2007 LTIP corresponds with the 2008 LTIP except that Directors 
were excluded from participating and the extent of vesting is 
determined only by reference to growth in the Company’s EPS and 
the Company’s TSR. The 2008 LTIP has since replaced the 2007 LTIP.

Pension benefits 
Pension benefits for executive Directors are calculated on basic 
salary only. Benefits are designed to provide a percentage of basic 
salary at retirement for full service.

Service contracts
No Director has a service contract with a notice period in excess of 
one year or with provisions for pre-determined compensation on 
termination which exceed one year’s salary and benefits-in-kind.

External Board appointments 

Non-executive Directors may serve on a number of outside 
Boards, provided they continue to demonstrate the requisite 
commitment to discharge effectively their duties to the Company. 
The Nomination Committee keeps the extent of Directors’ other 
interests under review to ensure that the effectiveness of the Board 
is not compromised. The Board is satisfied that the Chairman 
and each of the non-executive Directors commit sufficient time 
to the fulfilment of their duties as Chairman and Directors of the 
Company respectively.

The Board believes, in principle, in the benefit of executive Directors 
and members of the executive Committee accepting non-executive 
directorships of other companies in order to broaden their experience 
and knowledge for the benefit of the Company. Accordingly, 
executive Directors are permitted to accept external non-executive 
Board appointments, subject to the agreement of the Board, and are 
allowed to retain any fees received from that appointment. The Group 
Managing Director, Mr J Moloney, is a Director of The Irish Dairy 
Board Co-operative Limited and DCC plc for which he received fees 
of €12,000 and €61,000, respectively, which he retained. 

Non-executive Directors
The remuneration policy for non-executive Directors is to pay the 
market rate to secure persons of a suitable calibre for a group 
of this size. The remuneration of the non-executive Directors is 
determined by the Remuneration Committee within the total 
amount approved by the Company’s shareholders in general 
meeting from time to time. The responsibility of the role and 
international nature of the Group are fully considered when setting 
the fee levels. The Chairman of each Remuneration Committee 
receives an additional fee. The non-executive Directors’ fees are 
non-pensionable and non-executive Directors are not eligible to 
participate in any incentive plans. The non-executive Directors do 
not have service contracts with the Company, but are appointed 
to the Board under letters of appointment for an initial three-year 
period. They are subject to retirement and re-appointment by 
shareholders at the first Annual General Meeting following their 
appointment and every three years thereafter.

Directors’ remuneration

Details of Directors’ salary, fees and other benefits are set out  
in Table 1 on page 49 opposite.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 49

Table 1 
The salary, fees and other benefits pursuant to the remuneration package of each Director during the year were:

Executive Directors
J Moloney
G Meagher (note a)
K Toland 
S Talbot (note b)

2009

2008

Non - Executive Directors
L Herlihy (note c) 
J Fitzgerald (note d) 
V Quinlan 
J Callaghan
H Corbally
N Dunphy
E Fitzpatrick
J Gannon (note e)
J Gilsenan
P Gleeson
P Haran
C Hill 
M Keane 
J Liston
M Merrick 
W Murphy
A O’Connor (note f)
M Parsons (note i)
E Power (note g)
R Prendergast (note f)
M Walsh (note h)

2009

2008

Total 2009

Total 2008

Salary 
€’000

457
146
342
125

1,070

1,141

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

1,070

1,141

Performance 
bonus 
€’000

Pension 
contribution 
€’000

Fees 
€’000

Other 
benefits 
€’000

–
–
–
–

–

–

79
38
38
64
18
18
18
11
18
18
56
18
18
64
18
56
18
8
–
18
–

594

656

594

656

–
–
–
–

–

1,058

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–

 –

–

1,058

94
42
73
30

239

384

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

36
11
57
9

113

65

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–

–

239

384

113

65

2009 
Total 
€’000

587
199
472
164

1,422

79
38
38
64
18
18
18
11
18
18
56
18
18
64
18
56
18
8
–
18
–

594

2,016

2008 
Total 
€’000

1,167
714
767
–

2,648

69
33
42
70
20
20
20
–
20
20
62
20
20
70
20
62
12
20
8
12
36

656

3,304

a  Mr G Meagher retired as an executive Director on 30 June 2009. 
b  Ms S Talbot was appointed as an executive Director on 1 July 2009. 
c  Mr L Herlihy was appointed Chairman on 28 May 2008. 
d  Mr J Fitzgerald was appointed vice Chairman on 28 May 2008. 
e  Mr J Gannon was appointed as a Director on 27 May 2009. 
f  Messrs A O’Connor and R Prendergast were appointed Directors on 28 May 2008. 
g  Mr E Power resigned as a Director on 28 May 2008. 
h  Mr M Walsh resigned both as Chairman and Director on 28 May 2008. 
i  Mr M Parsons resigned as a Director on 27 May 2009.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Details of Directors’ and Secretary’s options and awards under the 
Company’s share schemes are set out in Table 2 of this Report.

The Remuneration Committee of the Board, which comprises 
solely of non-executive Directors, determines the Company’s policy 
on executive Director remuneration and sets the remuneration 
package of each of the executive Directors. There are no contracts 
of service for executive Directors which are required to be made 
available for inspection.

The pension benefits of each of the executive Directors during the 
year were as follows:

Transfer value 
of increase 
in accrued 
pension
€’ 000

Annual pension 
accrued in 2009 
in excess of 
inflation
€’ 000

Total annual 
accrued 
pension at  
2 Jan 2010
€’ 000

J Moloney

G Meagher

K Toland 

S Talbot

2009

2008

88

55

56

20

219  

1,140  

11

4

10

3

28  

63  

327

237

109

111

784

582

As detailed in note 7 a strategic review of the Group’s pension 
arrangements was completed during 2009 which resulted in a 
reduction of €6,308,000 in the transfer value of the accrued benefits 
of executive directors, including Mr G Meagher who retired during  
the year.

Directors’ and Secretary’s interests in shares 

Details of the interests of the Directors and Secretary and their 
spouses and minor children in the share capital of the holding 
Company, parent society and subsidiary companies/societies,  
are set out in Table 2:

Table 2
Directors’ and Secretary’s shares in Glanbia plc

Ordinary shares of €0.06

2 Jan 2010

4 Jan 2009

**

*

§

Beneficial

Directors

L Herlihy

J Fitzgerald

V Quinlan 

J Moloney

J Callaghan 

H Corbally

N Dunphy

E Fitzpatrick

J Gannon

J Gilsenan 

P Gleeson

P Haran

C Hill

M Keane

J Liston

M Merrick

W Murphy

A O’Connor

R Prendergast  

S Talbot

K Toland

§§ *

*

Secretary

M Horan

*  Executive Director. 
**  Or at date of appointment if later. 
§  Appointed on 27 May 2009. 
§§  Appointed on 1 July 2009.

91,804

24,171

31,347

104,593

35,000

7,495

10,390

50,501

12,552

5,842

24,923

7,462

30,029

20,000

15,000

3,600

91,804

24,171

31,347

104,593

35,000

7,495

10,390

50,501

12,552

5,842

31,923

7,462

30,029

20,000

15,000

3,600

230,827

230,827

15,743

4,007

17,693

23,243

15,743

4,007

17,693

23,243

4,593

4,593

There have been no changes in the above interests between  
2 January 2010 and 9 March 2010.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 51

Directors’ and Secretary’s options in Glanbia plc
Details of movements on outstanding options over the Company’s ordinary share capital are set out below. Outstanding options are 
exercisable on dates between 2010 and 2017.

4 Jan 2009 
**

Options - Ordinary shares of €0.06
Movements 
during year

2 Jan 2010 

Exercise price  
€

Beneficial

Directors

J Moloney

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

S Talbot

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

K Toland

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

2002 Long Term Incentive Plan

**  Or at date of appointment if later.

Options:
(a)  Exercisable by Directors at any time up to 2012

(b) Exercisable by Directors at any time up to 2014

(c)  Exercisable by Directors between 2010 and 2017 

290,000  

150,000  

70,000  

75,000  

164,000  

100,000  

48,000  

–

–

–

– 

–

–

–

290,000  

150,000  

70,000  

1.55

2.725

4.03

(a)

(b)

(c)

75,000  

2.725

(b)

164,000  

100,000  

48,000  

1.55

2.725

4.03

(a)

(b)

(c)

There have been no changes in the above interests between 2 January 2010 and 9 March 2010.

Mr J Moloney and Mr K Toland as participants of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (a) above, are eligible for a share award of 
10% of the ordinary shares they continue to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option. 

Ms S Talbot is eligible for a share award of 10% of 4,000 of the ordinary shares allotted to her on 28 August 2008 pursuant to an option 
granted to her under the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan if she continues to hold these shares until the second anniversary of that date.

Mr J Moloney as participant of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (b) above, is eligible for a share award of 6.6% of the ordinary 
shares he continues to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option.

Ms S Talbot as participant of the 2002 Long Term Incentive Plan as noted at (b) above, is eligible for a share award of 10% of the ordinary 
shares she continues to hold following the second anniversary of the exercise of the option. 

The market price of the ordinary shares as at 2 January 2010 was €2.89 and the range during the year was €1.84 to €3.00. The average price 
for the year was €2.53.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
52

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Directors’ and Secretary’s awards under Long Term Incentive Plans (LTIPs) of Glanbia plc

Number at 
4 Jan 2009 
**

Movements 
during year 

Market Price in  
euro on award date  
€

Performance Period 

Earliest Date  
of Release 

Number at  
2 Jan 2010 

Directors

J Moloney

2008 LTIP

142,000

–

4.45 30 Dec 2007 – 1 Jan 2011

March 2011

S Talbot

K Toland

Secretary

M Horan

2008 LTIP

2007 LTIP

2008 LTIP

2008 LTIP

2008 LTIP

2008 LTIP

2007 LTIP

2008 LTIP

2008 LTIP

**  Or at date of appointment if later.

–

142,000

2.72 4 Jan 2009 – 31 Dec 2011  March 2012

24,000

45,000

–

96,000

–

11,000

24,000

–

–

–

56,000

–

96,000

–

–

24,000

4.03 31 Dec 2006 – 2 Jan 2010

March 2010

4.45 30 Dec 2007 – 1 Jan 2011

March 2011

2.72 4 Jan 2009 – 31 Dec 2011  March 2012

4.45 30 Dec 2007 – 1 Jan 2011

March 2011

2.72 4 Jan 2009 – 31 Dec 2011  March 2012

4.03 31 Dec 2006 – 2 Jan 2010

March 2010

4.45 30 Dec 2007 – 1 Jan 2011

March 2011

2.72 4 Jan 2009 – 31 Dec 2011  March 2012

142,000

142,000

24,000

45,000

56,000

96,000

96,000

11,000

24,000

24,000

Awards under the 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan (“the 2008 LTIP”): 
This is a long-term share incentive plan under which share awards are granted in the form of a provisional allocation of shares for  
which no exercise price is payable. The shares are scheduled for release in March 2011 and March 2012 to the extent that there is sustained 
improvement in the underlying financial performance. The extent of vesting shall be determined by growth in the Company’s EPS 
(earnings per share) and the Company’s TSR (total shareholder return) performance. 

Awards under the 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (“the 2007 LTIP”): 
The 2007 LTIP corresponds with the 2008 LTIP except that Directors were excluded from participating and the extent of vesting is 
determined only by reference to growth in the Company’s EPS and the Company’s TSR. The shares are scheduled for release in March 
2010. The 2008 LTIP has since replaced the 2007 LTIP.

The structures of the 2007 LTIP and the 2008 LTIP are set out in note 23.

There have been no changes in the above interests between 2 January 2010 and 9 March 2010.

 
 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 53

Directors’ and Secretary’s shares in Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited 

‘A’ Ordinary of €1.00 each

Convertible loan stock 
units of €0.01269738

‘C’ shares of €0.01

‘F’ shares of €0.01

2 Jan 2010

4 Jan 2009
**

2 Jan 2010

4 Jan 2009
**

2 Jan 2010

4 Jan 2009
**

2 Jan 2010

4 Jan 2009
**

Beneficial

Directors

L Herlihy

J Fitzgerald

V Quinlan

J Moloney

*

H Corbally

N Dunphy

E Fitzpatrick

J Gannon

J Gilsenan

C Hill

M Keane

M Merrick

W Murphy

A O’Connor

R Prendergast  

S Talbot

*

Secretary

M Horan

90,397

25,900

12,245

–

5,814

11,822

24,329

10,759

3,917

20,597

6,360

6,074

–

19,785

6,620

–

–

89,398

25,563

12,085

–

5,675

11,633

24,034

10,475

2,844

20,480

6,117

1,824

–

19,449

6,455

–

–

410,210

133,751

803,500

258,267

48,176,819

47,527,630

–

3,576,185

4,952,304

1,040,133

422,240

–

2,826,185

4,952,304

912,739

341,850

10,036,078

10,036,078

142,905

5,157,402

5,990,461

84,564

387,464

292,712

5,157,402

5,990,461

84,564

387,464

–

–

156,687

92,245

172,417

83,584

168,175

–

113,156

206,540

–

1,714,149

1,714,149

221,932

97,055

–

–

–

–

–

–

9,145,071

9,145,071

1,000,000

1,000,000

–

–

79,510

43,544

85,412

83,584

83,439

–

56,298

92,334

–

104,550

48,671

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1,226

376

392

–

226

310

560

366

89

283

353

173

–

430

19

–

–

Executive Director.

* 
**  Or at date of appointment if later.

There have been no changes in the above interests between 2 January 2010 and 9 March 2010.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
54 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance

Other statutory information

Principal activities

Books of account

Glanbia plc is an international nutritional ingredients and cheese 
company. It is principally engaged in the processing and marketing 
of cheese, dairy-based food ingredient and nutritional products; 
dairy-based consumer products; manufacture of animal feedstuffs 
and trading in agricultural products; and maximising  
the value of the Company and its subsidiaries (“the Group”) 
property assets.

The Directors are responsible for ensuring that proper books and 
accounting records, as outlined in section 202 of the Companies 
Act, 1990, are kept by the Company. The measures taken by the 
Directors to secure compliance with the Company’s obligations to 
keep proper books of account are: the use of appropriate systems 
and procedures and employment of competent persons. The 
books of account are kept at Glanbia House, Kilkenny, Ireland.

Dividends

Research and development

The Directors have declared dividends as follows:

Interim paid, 2.89 cent per share (2008: 2.75 cent per share) 
Proposed final, 3.95 cent per share (2008: 3.76 cent per share)

The final dividend, if approved, will be paid on 2 June 2010 to  
our shareholders on the Register of Members at the close of 
business on 7 May 2010. The associated ex dividend date will  
be 5 May 2010. An interim dividend was paid on 30 September 
2009 to shareholders on the register at the close of business  
on 11 September 2009.

Retirement of Directors

In accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company, Mr 
J Gannon and Ms S Talbot will retire at the 2010 Annual General 
Meeting and, being eligible, offer themselves for re-appointment. 

In accordance with the Articles of Association of the Company, 
Messrs J Callaghan, P Gleeson, C Hill, M Keane, J Moloney and W 
Murphy retire from the Board by rotation and, being eligible, offer 
themselves for re-appointment. 

In accordance with the provisions of the Combined Code on 
Corporate Governance issued by the Financial Reporting Council, 
Messrs H Corbally, J Fitzgerald, E Fitzpatrick, J Gilsenan, L Herlihy 
and V Quinlan, being Directors who have each served a period in 
excess of nine years on the Board will retire at the Annual General 
Meeting and, being eligible, offer themselves for re-appointment. 

The Chairman wishes to confirm that, following the completion 
of the performance evaluation process, all Directors proposed 
for re-appointment continue to be effective and these Directors 
continue to demonstrate commitment to their roles. The Senior 
Independent Director, confirms that the Chairman, also standing 
for re-appointment at this year’s Annual General Meeting, 
continues to perform effectively and demonstrates commitment  
to his role. 

No Director has a service contract with a notice period in excess of 
one year or with provisions for pre-determined compensation on 
termination which exceed one year’s salary and benefits-in-kind.

The Group is committed to an ongoing and extensive innovation 
programme to support a consumer-led business and marketing 
approach. The Group is committed to achieving the highest 
standards of best practice in relation to science-based innovation. 
It is directed towards the development of technically superior  
dairy-based food ingredients, nutritional products, cheese, high 
value consumer food products, using proprietary technologies  
and processes. 

Through its research and development facilities in Kilkenny and 
Idaho, USA, the Group’s business has developed and launched 
advanced, differentiated and branded ingredients and consumer 
products bringing a range of nutritional benefits that enhance 
physiological well being and development.

Subsidiary and associated undertakings

A list of the principal subsidiary and associated undertakings is 
included in note 39 to the financial statements.

Political donations

The Electoral Act, 1997 requires companies to disclose all political 
donations over €5,079 in aggregate made during the financial year. 
During the year, political donations were made as follows:

Fianna Fáil European Referendum Lisbon 2009: €5,000
Ireland for Europe Campaign: €6,000

Auditors

The auditors, PricewaterhouseCoopers, have expressed their 
willingness to continue in office in accordance with section 160(2)  
of the Companies Act, 1963.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Corporate governance 55

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 

The Directors are responsible for preparing the annual report  
and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law  
and regulations. 

Irish company law requires the Directors to prepare financial 
statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have 
prepared the financial statements in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European 
Union. The financial statements are required by law to give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group 
and of the profit or loss of the Group. 

In preparing these financial statements the Directors are required to: 

 select suitable accounting policies and then apply them 
consistently; 

The Directors are responsible for keeping proper books of account 
that disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial 
position of the Company and the Group and to enable them to 
ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies 
Acts 1963 to 2009 and, as regards the group financial statements, 
article 4 of the IAS Regulation. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence 
for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of 
fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of 
the corporate and financial information included on the Company’s 
website. Legislation in the Republic of Ireland concerning the 
preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ 
from legislation in other jurisdictions.

 make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and 
prudent; 

Directors’ statement pursuant to the Transparency (Directive 
2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007

Each of the Directors, whose names and functions are listed 
on pages 34 to 35 confirms that to the best of each person’s 
knowledge and belief:

• 

• 

 the financial statements prepared in accordance with IFRSs 
as adopted by the EU give a true and fair view of the assets, 
liabilities and financial position of the Company and the Group 
and of the profit of the Group; and 

 the Directors’ report contained in the annual report includes a 
fair review of the development and performance of the business 
and the position of the Company and Group, together with a 
description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face.

• 

• 

• 

• 

 state that the financial statements comply with IFRSs as adopted 
by the European Union; and

 prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis, 
unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will 
continue in business, in which case there should be supporting 
assumptions or qualifications as necessary. 

The Directors are also required by applicable law and the Listing 
Rules issued by the Irish Stock Exchange to prepare a directors’ 
report and reports relating to Directors’ remuneration and 
corporate governance in accordance with the Transparency 
(Directive 2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 and the Directors 
are required to include a management report containing a fair 
review of the business and a description of the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group.

Directors’ Report

On behalf of the Board
L Herlihy 
 J Moloney 
Directors

 S Talbot

9 March 2010

56
56

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Developing 
sustainable higher 
margin businesses

57
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review 57

 Science-based 
innovation and 
new product 
development

58
58

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Directors’ report: Business review

Financial 
statements

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

59

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Glanbia plc 

Group income statement 

Group statement of comprehensive income 

Group statement of changes in equity 

Group statement of financial position 

Group statement of cash flows 

Company statement of financial position 

Company statement of changes in equity 

Company statement of comprehensive income and statement of cash flows 

Notes to the financial statements

1.  General information 

2.  Summary of significant accounting polices 

3.  Financial risk management 

4.  Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

5.  Segment information 

6.  Operating expenses 

7.  Exceptional items 

8.  Employee benefit expense 

9.  Directors’ remuneration 

10.  Finance income and costs 

11.  Income taxes 

12.  Earnings per share 

13.  Dividends 

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

15.  Intangible assets 

16.  Investments in associates 

17.  Investments in joint ventures 

18.  Available for sale financial assets 

19.  Trade and other receivables 

20.  Inventories 

21.  Cash and cash equivalents 

22.  Reconciliation of changes in equity 

23.  Share capital and share premium 

24.  Retained earnings 

25.  Minority interests 

26.  Borrowings 

27.  Deferred income taxes   

28.  Retirement benefit obligations 

29.  Provisions for other liabilities and charges 

30.  Capital grants 

31.  Trade and other payables 

32.  Derivative financial instruments 

33.  Contingent liabilities 

34.  Commitments 

35.  Cash generated from operations 

36.  Business combinations   

37.  Related party transactions 

38.  Events after the reporting period 

39.  Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings 

60

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

70

77

81

82

87

88

89

89

89

90

91

92

92

93

95

97

98

99

101

101

102

104

107

107

108

110

112

115

115

116

116

117

117

118

118

119

120

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
60 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Independent auditors’ report to the members of Glanbia plc

We have audited the Group and Parent Company financial
statements (the “financial statements”) of Glanbia plc for the year
ended 2 January 2010, which comprise the Group income
statement, the Group and Parent Company statement of financial
position, the Group and Parent Company statement of changes in
equity, the Group and Parent Company statement of cash flows,
the Group and Parent Company statement of comprehensive
income and the related notes. These financial statements have
been prepared under the accounting policies set out therein.

We review whether the Directors’ statement of corporate
governance, which is included in the Directors' report, reflects the
Company's compliance with the nine provisions of the June 2008
Combined Code specified for our review by the Listing Rules of
the Irish Stock Exchange, and report if it does not. We are not
required to consider whether the Board’s statements on internal
controls cover all risks and controls, or form an opinion on the
effectiveness of the Group’s corporate governance procedures
or its risk and control procedures.

Respective responsibilities of Directors
and auditors

The Directors’ responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report
and the financial statements, in accordance with applicable Irish
law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as
adopted by the European Union, are set out in the statement
of Directors’ responsibilities.

Our responsibility is to audit the financial statements in
accordance with relevant legal and regulatory requirements and
International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland). This report,
including the opinion, has been prepared for and only for the
Company’s members as a body in accordance with section 193
of the Companies Act, 1990 and for no other purpose. We do not,
in giving this opinion, accept or assume responsibility for any
other purpose or to any other person to whom this report is
shown or into whose hands it may come save where expressly
agreed by our prior consent in writing.

We report to you our opinion as to whether the Group financial
statements give a true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as
adopted by the European Union. We report to you our opinion
as to whether the Parent Company financial statements give a
true and fair view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the
European Union, as applied in accordance with the provisions
of the Companies Acts, 1963 to 2009. We also report to you
whether the financial statements have been properly prepared
in accordance with Irish statute comprising the Companies Acts,
1963 to 2009 and Article 4 of the IAS Regulation. We state whether
we have obtained all the information and explanations we
consider necessary for the purposes of our audit, and whether
the Company statement of financial position is in agreement with
the books of account. We also report to you our opinion as to:

(cid:159)  whether the Company has kept proper books of account;

(cid:159)  whether the Directors’ report is consistent with the financial

statements; and

(cid:159)  whether at the reporting date there existed a financial situation
which may require the Company to convene an extraordinary
general meeting of the Company; such a financial situation may
exist if the net assets of the Company, as stated in the
Company statement of financial position are not more than half
of its called-up share capital.

We also report to you if, in our opinion, any information specified
by law or the Listing Rules of the Irish Stock Exchange regarding
Directors’ remuneration and Directors’ transactions is not
disclosed and, where practicable, include such information in
our report.

We read the other information contained in the Annual Report
and consider whether it is consistent with the audited financial
statements. The other information comprises only the Directors'
report: business review and the Directors’ report: corporate
governance. We consider the implications for our report if we
become aware of any apparent misstatements or material
inconsistencies with the financial statements. Our responsibilities
do not extend to any other information.

Basis of audit opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International
Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland) issued by the Auditing
Practices Board. An audit includes examination, on a test basis, of
evidence relevant to the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. It also includes an assessment of the significant
estimates and judgments made by the Directors in the
preparation of the financial statements, and of whether the
accounting policies are appropriate to the Group’s and
Company’s circumstances, consistently applied and adequately
disclosed.

We planned and performed our audit so as to obtain all the
information and explanations which we considered necessary in
order to provide us with sufficient evidence to give reasonable
assurance that the financial statements are free from material
misstatement, whether caused by fraud or other irregularity or
error. In forming our opinion we also evaluated the overall
adequacy of the presentation of information in the financial
statements.

Opinion

In our opinion:

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

the Group financial statements give a true and fair view, in
accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, of
the state of the Group’s affairs as at 2 January 2010 and of its
profit and cash flows for the year then ended;

the Parent Company financial statements give a true and fair
view, in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European
Union, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the
Companies Acts, 1963 to 2009 of the state of the Parent
Company’s affairs as at 2 January 2010 and cash flows for the
year then ended;

the financial statements have been properly prepared in
accordance with the Companies Acts, 1963 to 2009 and Article
4 of the IAS Regulation.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

61

We have obtained all the information and explanations which we
consider necessary for the purposes of our audit. In our opinion
proper books of account have been kept by the Company. The
Company statement of financial position is in agreement with the
books of account.

In our opinion the information given in the Directors’ report is
consistent with the financial statements.

The net assets of the Company, as stated in the Company
statement of financial position are more than half of the amount
of its called-up share capital and, in our opinion, on that basis
there did not exist at 2 January 2010 a financial situation which
under section 40 (1) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1983
would require the convening of an extraordinary general meeting
of the Company.

PricewaterhouseCoopers
Chartered Accountants and Registered Auditors
Waterford
9 March 2010

62 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Group income statement
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Pre-
exceptional
2009
€’000

Notes

Exceptional
2009
€’000

(note 7)

Total
2009
€’000

Pre-
exceptional
2008
€'000

Exceptional
2008
€'000

(note 7)

Total
2008
€'000

Revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

 5

 1,830,327

–

 1,830,327

 2,232,161

–

 2,232,161

(1,507,119)

(5,084)

(1,512,203)

(1,890,549)

(10,113)

(1,900,662)

 323,208

(5,084)

 318,124

 341,612

(10,113)

 331,499

Distribution expenses

Administration expenses

Other gains and losses

(116,115)

(95,927)

–

(1,486)

(8,485)

 60,730

(117,601)

(104,412)

 60,730

(121,373)

(86,185)

–

(3,251)

(5,939)

–

(124,624)

(92,124)

–

Operating profit

 111,166

 45,675

 156,841

 134,054

(19,303)

 114,751

Finance income

Finance costs

Share of results of Joint Ventures
&  Associates

Profit before taxation

Income taxes

 10

 10

 11

 5,542

(29,576)

 10,225

 97,357

(19,103)

–

–

–

 5,542

(29,576)

 5,590

(26,695)

–

–

 5,590

(26,695)

 10,225

 7,306

(947)

 6,359

 45,675

(10,770)

 143,032

 120,255

(20,250)

 100,005

(29,873)

(21,528)

 892

(20,636)

Profit for the year

 78,254

 34,905

113,159

 98,727

(19,358)

 79,369

Attributable to:

Owners of the Parent

Minority interests

Basic earnings per share (cents)

Diluted earnings per share (cents)

 12

 12

 112,676

 483

 113,159

38.46

38.35

 78,399

 970

 79,369

26.76

26.63

On behalf of the Board
L Herlihy    J Moloney    S Talbot
Directors

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

63

Group statement of comprehensive income
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Profit for the year

 113,159

 79,369

Notes

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

Other comprehensive income/(expense)

Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes

Deferred tax credit on actuarial loss

Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates

Currency translation differences

Fair value movements on available for sale financial assets

Fair value movements on cash flow hedges

Deferred tax on fair value movements

Other comprehensive expense for the year, net of tax

Total comprehensive income for the year

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Owners of the Parent

Minority interests

 28

 27

 22

 22

 22

22

 22

(31,215)

 2,684

(1,364)

 6,258

(3,367)

 5,114

(503)

(68,246)

 7,084

(204)

 17,251

(3,597)

(20,297)

 964

(22,393)

(67,045)

 90,766

 12,324

 25

 90,283

 483

 11,354

 970

 90,766

 12,324

64 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Group statement of changes in equity
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Attributable to owners of the Parent

Share capital
and share
premium
€'000

Notes

Other
reserves
€'000

Retained
earnings
€'000

Total
€'000

Minority
interests
€'000

Total
€'000

Balance at 29 December 2007

 98,450

 107,909

 21,176

 227,535

 7,040

 234,575

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(expense)

Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes

Deferred tax on actuarial loss

Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates

Fair value movements

Deferred tax on fair value movements

Currency translation differences

Total comprehensive (expense)/income for the year

Dividends paid during the year

Cost of share options

Discount on options

Shares issued

Premium on shares issued

Shares purchased

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 175

 13

 347

(1,665)

–

–

–

–

(23,894)

 964

 17,251

 78,399

 78,399

 970

 79,369

(68,246)

(68,246)

 7,084

(204)

–

–

–

 7,084

(204)

(23,894)

 964

 17,251

–

–

–

–

–

–

(68,246)

 7,084

(204)

(23,894)

 964

 17,251

(5,679)

 17,033

 11,354

 970

 12,324

–

(18,502)

(18,502)

 827

(175)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 827

–

 13

 347

(1,665)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(18,502)

 827

–

 13

 347

(1,665)

 22

 22

 22
 22

 22

 22

13

 22

 22

 23

 23

23

Balance at 3 January 2009

 97,320

 102,882

 19,707

 219,909

 8,010

 227,919

Profit for the year

Other comprehensive income/(expense)

Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes

Deferred tax on actuarial loss

Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates

Fair value movements

Deferred tax on fair value movements

Exceptional non-cash foreign exchange loss

Currency translation differences

Total comprehensive income for the year

Dividends paid during the year

Cost of share options

 22

 22
22

 22

 22

7, 22

 22

13

 22

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 1,747

(503)

 18,280

(12,022)

 112,676

 112,676

 483

 113,159

(31,215)

(31,215)

 2,684

(1,364)

–

–

–

–

 2,684

(1,364)

 1,747

(503)

 18,280

(12,022)

–

–

–

–

–

–

(31,215)

 2,684

(1,364)

 1,747

(503)

 18,280

(12,022)

 7,502

 82,781

 90,283

 483

 90,766

–

(19,484)

(19,484)

(2,000)

(21,484)

 187

–

 187

–

 187

Balance at 2 January 2010

 97,320

 110,571

 83,004

 290,895

 6,493

 297,388

Goodwill previously written off amounting to €93.0 million (2008: €93.0 million) is included in opening and closing retained earnings.

Group statement of financial position
as at 2 January 2010

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

65

ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Investments in associates
Investments in joint ventures
Trade and other receivables
Deferred tax assets
Available for sale financial assets
Derivative financial instruments

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Derivative financial instruments
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

EQUITY
Issued capital and reserves attributable to owners of the Parent
Share capital and share premium
Other reserves
Retained earnings

Minority interests

Total equity

LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Deferred tax liabilities
Retirement benefit obligations
Provisions for other liabilities and charges
Capital grants

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Current tax liabilities
Borrowings
Derivative financial instruments
Provisions for other liabilities and charges

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

On behalf of the Board
L Herlihy    J Moloney    S Talbot
Directors

Notes

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 14
 15
 16
 17
 19
 27
 18
 32

 20
 19
 32
 21

 23
 22
 24

 25

 26
 32
 27
 28
 29
 30

 31

 26
 32
 29

 363,152
 342,112
 10,041
 58,276
 33,718
 12,022
20,397
2,718

 361,131
 359,212
 11,597
 64,895
 12,767
 25,380
 24,112
 2,754

842,436

 861,848

201,577
 191,594
7,501
 152,789

 267,422
 182,749
 10,378
 132,572

 553,461

 593,121

 1,395,897

 1,454,969

 97,320
 110,571
 83,004

 97,320
 102,882
 19,707

 290,895

 219,909

 6,493

 8,010

 297,388

 227,919

 594,462
 5,631
 66,337
 85,765
 20,133
 18,582

 569,374
 9,248
 59,056
 164,410
 4,899
 12,694

 790,910

 819,681

 265,912
 2,816
 945
 10,615
 27,311

 351,452
 332
 15,281
 16,815
 23,489

 307,599

 407,369

 1,098,509

 1,227,050

 1,395,897

 1,454,969

66 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Group statement of cash flows
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
Interest received
Interest paid
Tax paid

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired

Payment of deferred consideration on acquisition of subsidiaries

Purchase of property, plant and equipment
Dividends received from joint ventures
Loans advanced to joint ventures
Disposal of available for sale financial assets
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
Disposal proceeds received - exit from Pigmeat
Insurance proceeds received - exit from Pigmeat

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares
Purchase of treasury shares
Increase in borrowings
Finance lease principal payments
Dividends paid to Company shareholders
Dividends paid to minority interests
Capital grants received

Net cash from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

Notes

 35

 17

 23
 23

 13
25

2009

€'000

2008

€'000

 104,710
 5,352
(30,484)
(5,533)

 146,946
7,149
(30,768)
(26,096)

 74,045

 97,231

(521)
(762)

(51,187)

 17,924
(21,508)

 433
 1,609
–
–

(217,942)

(11,427)

(84,507)
 451
(12,602)
 2,513
 7,629
 3,308
 8,820

(54,012)

(303,757)

–
–
 16,642
(908)
(19,484)
(2,000)
 6,793

 360
(1,665)
 188,090
(934)
(18,502)
–
 9,655

 1,043

 177,004

 21,076

(29,522)

132,572
(859)

 159,819
 2,275

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

 21

 152,789

 132,572

Reconciliation of net cash flow to movement in net debt
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
Cash movements from debt financing

Fair value of interest rate swaps qualifying as fair value hedges
Exchange translation adjustment on net debt

Movement in net debt in the year
Net debt at the beginning of the year

Net debt at the end of the year

Net debt comprises:
Borrowings
Cash and cash equivalents

2009
€'000

 21,076
(15,734)

2008
€'000

(29,522)
(187,156)

 5,342

(216,678)

 597
 3,526

(5,544)
(9,686)

 9,465
(452,083)

(231,908)
(220,175)

(442,618)

(452,083)

26
21

(595,407)
 152,789

(584,655)
 132,572

(442,618)

(452,083)

Company statement of financial position
as at 2 January 2010

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

67

ASSETS

Non-current assets

Investments in associates

Available for sale financial assets

Investments in subsidiaries

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Total assets

EQUITY

Issued capital and reserves attributable to owners of the Company

Share capital and share premium

Retained earnings

Capital reserve

Total equity

LIABILITIES

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Borrowings

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Notes

2009

€'000

2008

€'000

16

18

18

1,395

740

1,395

1,290

452,814

459,481

454,949

462,166

19

76,327

48,340

531,276

510,506

23

24

22

31

26

452,588

59,913

6,444

452,588

36,056

5,839

518,945

494,483

2,781

9,550

2,283

13,740

12,331

16,023

531,276

510,506

As permitted by section 148(8) of the Companies Act, 1963 and section 7(1A) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1986 the Parent
Company is availing of the exemption from presenting its separate income statement in these financial statements and from filing it
with the Registrar of Companies. The profit for the year dealt with in the financial statements of Glanbia plc, amounts to €43,341,000
(2008: €36,204,000).

On behalf of the Board
L Herlihy    J Moloney    S Talbot
Directors

68 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Company statement of changes in equity
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Share capital
and share
premium
€'000

Notes

Retained
earnings
€'000

Capital
reserve
€'000

Total
€'000

Balance at 29 December 2007

 453,718

 18,354

 5,187

 477,259

Profit for the year

Dividends paid during the year

Cost of share options

Discount on options

Shares issued

Premium on shares issued

Shares purchased

Balance at 3 January 2009

Profit for the year

Dividends paid during the year

Cost of share options

Transfer from trade and other payables – share options

–

–

–

 175

 13

 347

(1,665)

 36,204

(18,502)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 827

(175)

–

–

–

 36,204

(18,502)

 827

–

 13

 347

(1,665)

 452,588

 36,056

 5,839

 494,483

–

–

–

–

 43,341

(19,484)

–

–

–

–

 167

 438

 43,341

(19,484)

 167

 438

13

22

 22

23

23

23

13

 22

 22

Balance at 2 January 2010

 452,588

 59,913

 6,444

 518,945

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

69

Company statement of comprehensive income and statement
of cash flows
for the year ended 2 January 2010

Company statement of comprehensive income

Notes

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

Profit for the year

24

 43,341

 36,204

Total comprehensive income for the year

 43,341

 36,204

Company statement of cash flows

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash generated from operations

Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Disposal of available for sale financial assets

Proceeds received – exit from Pigmeat

Net cash from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares

Purchase of treasury shares

Dividends paid to Company shareholders

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 35

 23,124

 4,687

 23,124

 4,687

 550

–

 550

23

23

13

–

–

(19,484)

–

 3,308

 3,308

 360

(1,665)

(18,502)

(19,484)

(19,807)

 4,190

(11,812)

(13,740)

(1,928)

(9,550)

(13,740)

70 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Notes to the financial statements
for the year ended 2 January 2010

1. General information

Glanbia plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (together
“the Group”) is an international nutritional ingredients and cheese
group with operations in Ireland, Europe, the USA, Canada, China
and Nigeria.

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and
domiciled in Ireland. The address of its registered office is Glanbia
House, Kilkenny, Ireland. The Group is controlled by Glanbia Co-
operative Society Limited (“the Society”), which holds 54.6% of
the issued share capital of the Company and is the ultimate parent
of the Group.

The Company shares are quoted on the Irish and London Stock
Exchanges.

These consolidated financial statements have been approved for
issue by the Board of Directors on 9 March 2010.

2. Summary of significant accounting polices

New accounting standards and IFRIC interpretations adopted by
the Group during the year ended 2 January 2010 are dealt with in
section (aa) below. The adoption of these standards and
interpretations had no significant impact on the results or financial
position of the Group during the year. However, the adoption of
IFRS 8 – Operating Segments and IAS 1 – Presentation of
Financial Statements has resulted in a change in the Group’s
disclosure requirements.

IFRS 8 replaces IAS 14 – Segment Reporting. The new standard
requires a ‘management approach’, under which the segment
information is presented on the same basis as that used for
internal reporting purposes. In addition, the segments are
reported in a manner consistent with information provided to
the Chief Operating Decision Maker. On adoption of IFRS 8, the
number of reportable segments presented by the Group has
increased. The basis of segment reporting has changed from
Ireland and International to US Cheese and Global Nutritionals,
Dairy Ireland, Joint Ventures & Associates and Other. As a result,
the Group has re-presented its segmental analysis for the
comparative 2008 financial information.

The other principal accounting policies adopted in the
preparation of these financial statements are set out below.
These policies have been consistently applied to all years
presented, unless otherwise stated.

(a)  Basis of preparation
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with EU adopted International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS), IFRIC interpretations and those parts of the
Companies Acts, 1963 to 2009 applicable to companies reporting
under IFRS. The consolidated financial statements have been
prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by use
of fair values for available for sale financial assets and derivative
financial instruments.

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with IFRS
requires the use of estimates, judgements and assumptions that
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of
the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues
and expenses during the reporting period. Although these
estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of the
amount, event or actions, actual results ultimately may differ from
these estimates.

Amounts are stated in euro thousands (€’000) unless otherwise
stated.

These financial statements are prepared for a 52 week period
ending on 2 January 2010, comparatives are for the 53 week
period ended 3 January 2009. The statements of financial
position for 2009 and 2008 have been drawn up as at 2 January
2010 and 3 January 2009 respectively.

(b)  Consolidation
The Group financial statements incorporate:

(i)  The financial statements of Glanbia plc (“the Company”) and
enterprises controlled by the Company (“its subsidiaries”).
Control is achieved where the Company has the power to
govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so
as to obtain benefits from its activities.

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control
is transferred to the Group and are no longer consolidated
from the date that control ceases. The purchase method of
accounting is used to account for the acquisition of
subsidiaries. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the
fair value of the assets given up, shares issued or liabilities
incurred or assumed at the date of acquisition plus costs
directly attributable to the acquisition. The excess of the cost
of acquisition over the fair value of the Group’s share of the
identifiable net assets is recorded as goodwill. If the cost of
acquisition is less than the fair value of the Group’s share of
the identifiable net assets acquired, the difference is
recognised directly in the income statement.

Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains
on transactions between Group companies are eliminated.
Where necessary, the accounting policies for subsidiaries
have been changed to ensure consistency with the policies
adopted by the Group.

 (ii)  The Group’s share of the results and net assets of associated
companies and joint ventures are included based on the
equity method of accounting. An associate is an enterprise
over which the Group has significant influence, but not
control, through participation in the financial and operating
policy decisions of the investee. A joint venture is an entity
subject to joint control by the Group and other parties.
Under the equity method of accounting, the Group’s share
of the post-acquisition profits and losses of associates and
joint ventures is recognised in the income statement and its
share of post acquisition movements in reserves is
recognised directly in other comprehensive income. The
cumulative post acquisition movements are adjusted against
the cost of the investment. Unrealised gains on transactions
between the Group and its associates and joint ventures are
eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in the
associate or joint venture. Unrealised losses are also
eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an
impairment of the asset transferred. When the Group’s share
of losses in an associate or joint venture equals or exceeds
its interest in the associate or joint venture, the Group does
not recognise further losses, unless the Group has incurred
obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate or
joint venture.

(c)  Segment reporting
In accordance with the requirements of IFRS 8 – Segment
Reporting, operating segments are reported in a manner
consistent with the internal reporting provided to the Chief
Operating Decision Maker. The Chief Operating Decision Maker
responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance
of the operating segments has been identified as the Glanbia
Executive Committee who make strategic decisions.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

71

Segment assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment,
intangible assets, inventories, derivatives designated as hedges of
future transactions and receivables. Unallocated amounts primarily
include taxation, cash and cash equivalents, available for sale
financial assets and derivatives.

liabilities of the foreign entity and are translated at the
statement of financial position rate. In accordance with IFRS
1, the cumulative translation differences on foreign
subsidiaries was set to zero on IFRS transition date (4
January 2004).

Segment liabilities comprise operating liabilities. Unallocated
amounts primarily include taxation, borrowings and derivatives.

(d)  Foreign currency translation
(i)

Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the
Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the
primary economic environment in which the entity operates
(the ‘functional currency’). The consolidated financial
statements are presented in euro, which is the Company’s
functional and presentation currency.

(ii)

Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the
functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the
date of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses
resulting from the settlement of such transactions are
recognised in the income statement, except when deferred
in equity as qualifying cash flow hedges. Monetary assets and
liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated
at the rate of exchange ruling at the reporting date. Currency
translation differences on monetary assets and liabilities are
taken to the income statement, except when deferred in
equity in the currency translation reserve as (i) qualifying cash
flow hedges or (ii) exchange gains or losses on long term
intra-group loans and on foreign currency borrowings used
to finance or provide a hedge against Group equity
investments in non-euro denominated operations to the
extent that they are neither planned nor expected to be
repaid in the foreseeable future or are expected to provide
an effective hedge of the net investment. When long term
intra-group loans are repaid the related cumulative currency
translation recognised in the currency reserve is recycled
through the income statement.

Translation differences on non-monetary financial assets and
liabilities held at fair value through profit or loss are
recognised in the income statement as part of the fair value
gain or loss. Translation differences on non-monetary
financial assets such as equities classified as available for sale
are included in the fair value reserve in equity.

(iii) Group companies

The income statement and statement of financial position of
Group companies that have a functional currency different
from the presentation currency are translated into the
presentation currency as follows:

–  assets and liabilities at each reporting date are translated at
the closing rate at the reporting date of the statement of
financial position.

–  income and expenses in the income statement are

translated at average exchange rates for the year, or for the
period since acquisition, if appropriate.

 Resulting exchange differences are taken to a separate
currency reserve within equity. When a foreign entity is sold,
such exchange differences are recognised in the income
statement as part of the gain or loss on sale.

 Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the acquisition
of a foreign entity are treated as local currency assets and

The Group uses the direct method of consolidation for
revaluation of the net investments in foreign operations
where the financial statements of the foreign operation are
translated directly into the functional currency of the
ultimate parent.

(e)  Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost or deemed cost
less subsequent depreciation less any impairment loss. Historic
cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to the
acquisition of the items. Cost may also include transfers from
equity of any gains/losses on qualifying cash flow hedges of
foreign currency purchases of property, plant and equipment.

Certain items of property, plant and equipment that had been
revalued prior to the date of transition to IFRS (4 January 2004)
are measured on the basis of deemed cost, being the revalued
amount depreciated to date of transition. Items of property, plant
and equipment that were fair valued at date of transition are also
measured at deemed cost, being the fair value at date of
transition.

Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line method to write-off
the cost of each asset over their estimated useful life at the
following rates:

Land 
Buildings 
Plant and equipment 
Motor vehicles 

%
Nil
2.5 – 5
4 – 33
20 – 25

The assets residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and
adjusted if appropriate, at each reporting date.

Assets held under finance leases are depreciated over their
expected useful lives on the same basis as owned assets or,
where shorter, the term of the relevant lease.

Property, plant and equipment is tested for impairment when
indicators arise. Where the carrying amount of an asset is greater
than its estimated recoverable amount, it is written down
immediately to its recoverable amount.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing
proceeds with carrying amount and are included in operating
profit.

Repairs and maintenance are charged to the income statement
during the financial period in which they are incurred. The cost of
major renovations is included in the carrying amount of the asset
when it is probable that future economic benefits in excess of the
originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset
will flow to the Group. Major renovations are depreciated over
the remaining useful life of the related asset.

Intangible assets

(f) 
(i) Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquisition
over the fair value of the Group’s share of the net
identifiable assets of the acquired subsidiary or associate at
the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisitions of
subsidiaries is included in intangible assets. Goodwill
associated with the acquisition of associates is included

 
72 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

within the investment in associates.

Goodwill is carried at cost less accumulated impairment
losses, if applicable. Goodwill is tested for impairment on
an annual basis. Goodwill impairments are not reversed.

In accordance with IFRS 1, goodwill written off to reserves
prior to date of transition to IFRS remains written off. In
respect of goodwill capitalised and amortised at transition
date, its carrying value at date of transition to IFRS remains
unchanged. Goodwill is allocated to cash generating units for
the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to
those cash generating units or groups of cash generating
units that are expected to benefit from the business
combination in which the goodwill arose.

(ii) Research and development costs

Research expenditure is recognised as an expense as
incurred. Costs incurred on development projects (relating
to the design and testing of new or improved products) are
recognised as intangible assets when it is probable that the
project will be a success, considering its commercial and
technological feasibility, and costs can be measured reliably.
Development costs are amortised using the straight line
method over their estimated useful lives, which is normally
6 years.

(iii) Brands/know-how, customer relationships and other

intangibles
Expenditure to acquire brands/know-how, customer
relationships and other intangibles is capitalised and
amortised using the straight-line method over its useful life,
which is normally between 10 and 20 years. Indefinite life
intangible assets are those for which there is no foreseeable
limit to their expected useful life. Indefinite life intangible
assets are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses,
if applicable, and are not amortised on an annual basis.

(iv) Computer software

Costs incurred on the acquisition of computer software are
capitalised, as are costs directly associated with developing
computer software programmes, if they meet the recognition
criteria of IAS 38 – Intangible Assets. Computer software
costs recognised as assets are written off over their estimated
useful lives, which is normally between 5 and 10 years.

(g)  Available for sale financial assets
Available for sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are
either designated in this category or not classified in any of the
other categories. They are included in non-current assets unless
management intends to dispose of the investment within 12
months of the reporting date. They are initially recognised at fair
value plus transaction costs and are subsequently adjusted to fair
value at each reporting date. Unrealised gains and losses arising
from changes in the fair value of investments classified as available
for sale are recognised in other comprehensive income. When
such investments are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value
adjustments are included in the income statement as gains or
losses from investments.

The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid
prices. If the market for a financial asset is not active the Group
establishes fair value using valuation techniques. Where the range
of reasonable fair values is significant and the probability of
various estimates cannot be reasonably assessed, the Group
measures the investment at cost.

Investments in subsidiaries held by the Company are carried
at cost.

Impairment losses recognised in the income statement on equity
instruments are not reversed through the income statement.

(h)  Leases
Leases of assets where the Group has substantially all the risks
and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. A
determination is also made as to whether the substance of an
arrangement could equate to a finance lease, considering
whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependant upon the use
of a specific asset and the arrangement contains the right to use
an asset. If the specified criteria are met, the arrangement is
classified as a finance lease. Finance leases are capitalised at the
inception of the lease at the lower of the fair value of the leased
asset or the present value of the minimum lease payments. Each
lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance
charges so as to achieve a constant rate on the finance balance
outstanding. The corresponding rental obligation, net of finance
charges is included in borrowings and split between current and
non-current, as appropriate. The interest element of the finance
cost is charged to the income statement over the lease period.
The property, plant and equipment acquired under finance
leases is depreciated over the shorter of the useful life of the
asset or the lease term.

Leases where a significant portion of the risks and rewards of
ownership are retained by the lessor are classified as operating
leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any
incentives received from the lessor) are charged to the income
statement on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Inventories

(i) 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realisable value.
Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method. The
cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw
materials, direct labour, other direct costs and related production
overheads (based on normal capacity). Net realisable value is the
estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the
estimated costs of completion and the costs of selling expenses.
Costs of inventories include the transfer from equity of any
gains/losses on qualifying cash flow hedges which relate to
purchases of raw materials.

(j)  Trade and other receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method less provision for impairment. A provision for
impairment of trade receivables is established when there is
objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all
amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. If
collectability appears unlikely according to the original terms of
the receivable the Group will determine the appropriate
provision based on the available evidence at that time.
Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the
debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and
default or delinquency in payments are considered indicators
that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the
provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying value and
the estimated future cash flows. The carrying amount of the asset
is reduced through the use of a provision account and the
amount of the loss is recognised in the income statement within
distribution costs. When a trade receivable is uncollectible, it is
written off against the provision account for trade receivables.
Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are
credited against distribution costs in the income statement.
Where risks associated with receivables are transferred out of the
Group under debt purchase agreements, such receivables are
recognised on the statement of financial position to the extent
of the Group’s continued involvement and retained risk.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

73

Loan receivables are initially recognised at fair value and
subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective
interest method, less provision for impairment. These are
classified as non-current assets, except for those maturing within
12 months of the reporting date.

(k)  Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand, deposits held
on call with banks, other short-term highly liquid investments with
original maturities of 3 months or less and bank overdrafts. In the
statement of financial position, bank overdrafts, if applicable, are
included in borrowings in current liabilities.

Income taxes

(l) 
Current tax represents the expected tax payable or recoverable
on the taxable profit for the year, taking into account adjustments
relating to prior years.

Deferred income tax is provided in full, using the liability method,
on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets
and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial
statements. Tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the
reporting date are used to determine deferred income tax.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is
probable that future taxable profit will be available against which
the temporary differences can be utilised.

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising
on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures,
except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary
difference can be controlled and it is probable that the temporary
difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred
income tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition
of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business
combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither
accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

(m)  Employee benefits
Pension obligations
(i)
Group companies operate various pension schemes. The
schemes are generally funded through payments to insurance
companies or trustee-administered funds, determined by
periodic actuarial calculations. The Group has both defined
benefit and defined contribution plans.

The liability recognised in the statement of financial position
in respect of defined benefit pension plans is the present
value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date
less the fair value of the plan assets, together with adjustments
for unrecognised past-service costs. The defined benefit
obligation is calculated annually by independent actuaries
using the projected unit credit method. The present value of
the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting
the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-
quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency
in which the benefits will be paid, and that have terms to
maturity approximating to the terms of the related pension
liability. The fair value of plan assets are measured at their
bid value.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from experience adjustments
and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited
to other comprehensive income. Past-service costs, negative
or positive, are recognised immediately in the income
statement, unless the changes to the pension plan are
conditional on the employees remaining in service for a
specified period of time (the vesting period). In this case,

the past-service costs are amortised on a straight line basis
over the vesting period.

A curtailment arises where an event reduces the expected
years of future service of employees or reduces the accrual
of defined benefits for their future service. A past service
cost, negative or positive, arises following a change in the
present value of the defined benefit obligation for employee
service in prior periods, resulting in the current period from
the introduction of, or changes to, post employment benefits.
A settlement arises where the Group is relieved of
responsibility for a pension obligation and eliminates
significant risk relating to the obligation and the assets used
to effect the settlement. Losses arising on settlement or
curtailment not allowed for in the actuarial assumptions are
measured at the date on which the Group becomes
demonstrably committed to the transaction. Gains arising on
a settlement or curtailment are measured at the date on
which all parties whose consent is required are irrevocably
committed to the transaction. Curtailment and settlement
gains and losses are dealt with in the income statement.

Payments to defined contribution schemes are charged as
an expense when they fall due.

(ii)

Share based payments
The Group operates a number of equity settled share based
compensation plans which include executive share option
schemes and share awards.

The charge to the income statement in respect of share-
based payments is based on the fair value of the equity
instruments granted and is spread over the vesting period of
the instrument. The fair value of the instruments is
calculated using the Trinomial Model. In accordance with
the transition arrangements set out in IFRS 2 – Share Based
Payments, this standard has been applied in respect of
share options granted after 7 November 2002 which had not
vested by the date of transition to IFRS (4 January 2004).

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions
about the number of options that are expected to vest. At
each reporting date, the Group revises its estimates of the
number of options that are expected to vest. It recognises
the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the
income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to
other comprehensive income. The proceeds received net of
any directly attributable transaction costs are credited to
share capital (nominal value) and share premium when the
options are exercised.

In accordance with IFRS 2 (Amendment), vesting conditions
are service conditions and performance conditions only. Any
other features do not impact the number of awards
expected to vest or valuation there of subsequent to grant
date. In addition, all cancellations, whether by entity or other
parties, receive the same accounting treatment.

(iii) Awards under the 2007 Long Term Incentive Plan and

2008 Long Term Incentive Plan
The fair value of shares awarded under the 2007 LTIP and
2008 LTIP schemes are determined using a Monte Carlo
simulation technique. The performance share plan contains
inter-alia a Total Shareholder Return (TSR) based (and hence
market-based) vesting condition, and accordingly, the fair
value assigned to the related equity instruments on initial
application of IFRS 2 is adjusted so as to reflect the

 
 
74 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

anticipated likelihood at the grant date of achieving the
market-based vesting condition.

(n)  Government grants
Grants from the government are recognised at their fair value
where there is a reasonable assurance that the grant will be
received and the Group will comply with all attached conditions.
Government grants relating to costs are deferred and recognised
in the income statement over the period necessary to match them
with the costs they are intended to compensate. Government
grants relating to the purchase of property, plant and equipment
are included in non-current liabilities and are credited to the
income statement on a straight-line basis over the expected lives
of the related assets. Research and development taxation credits
are recognised at their fair value in operating profit where there is
reasonable assurance that the credit will be received.

(o)  Revenue recognition
Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration receivable
for the sale of goods and services to external customers net of
value-added tax, rebates and discounts. The Group recognises
revenue when the amount of revenue can be reliably measured, it
is probable that future economic benefit will flow to the entity and
when specific criteria have been met for each of the Group’s
activities. Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when
significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are
transferred to the buyer, in the ordinary course of the Group’s
business which generally arises on delivery, or in accordance with
specific terms and conditions agreed with customers. Service
income is recognised on a straight line basis over the life of the
arrangement to which it relates. The timing of recognition of
services revenue equals the timing of when the services are
rendered. Interest income is recognised using the effective
interest method. Dividends are recognised when the right to
receive payment is established. Revenue from the sale of property
is recognised when there is an unconditional and irrevocable
contract for sale.

(p) 
(i)

Impairment of assets
Financial assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is
objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of
financial assets is impaired. In the case of equity securities
classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged
decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is
considered an indicator that the securities are impaired. If any
such evidence exists for available for sale financial assets, the
cumulative loss is measured as the difference between the
acquisition cost and the current fair value, less any
impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised
in the profit or loss is removed from equity and recognised in
the income statement. Impairment losses recognised in the
income statement on equity instruments are not reversed
through the income statement. Impairment testing of trade
receivables is described in (j) above.

(ii) Non-financial assets

Assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to
amortisation and are tested annually for impairment. Assets
which have a finite useful life are subject to amortisation and
reviewed for impairment when events or changes in
circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be
recoverable. Goodwill is reviewed at least annually for
impairment. An impairment loss is recognised to the extent
that the carrying value of the assets exceed their recoverable
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the assets
fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.

For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are
grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately
identifiable cash flows (cash generating units).

(q)  Share capital
Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly
attributable to the issue of new shares or options are shown in
equity as a deduction from the proceeds.

Own shares
The cost of own shares, held by an Employee Share Trust in
connection with the Company’s Sharesave Scheme, is deducted
from equity. Ordinary shares purchased under the terms of the
2007 LTIP and 2008 LTIP schemes are accounted for as own
shares and recorded as a deduction from equity.

(r)  Dividends
Dividends to the Company’s shareholders are recognised as
a liability of the Company when approved by the Company’s
shareholders.

(s)  Derivative financial instruments
The activities of the Group expose it primarily to the financial
risks of changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest
rates. The Group uses derivative financial instruments such as
foreign exchange contracts and options, interest rate swap
contracts and forward rate agreements to hedge these
exposures.

The Group accounts for financial instruments under IAS 32
(Amendment), ‘Financial Instruments: Presentation’, IAS 39
(Amendment), ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement’ and IFRS 7 – Financial Instruments Disclosures.
Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a
derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently
remeasured at their fair value at the reporting date.

The fair value of forward foreign currency contracts is estimated
by discounting the difference between the contractual forward
price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of
the contract using the European Central Bank interest rate.

The fair value of interest rate swaps is based on discounting
estimated future cash flows based on the terms and maturity
of each contract and using market interest rates for a similar
instrument at the measurement date.

The fair value of commodity contracts is estimated by
discounting the difference between the contracted futures price
and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the
contracts using the European Central Bank and US Federal
Reserve interest rates.

The method of recognising the resulting gain or loss depends on
whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument,
and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. The Group
designates certain derivatives as either: (1) hedges of the fair
value of recognised assets or liabilities or a firm commitment (fair
value hedge); (2) hedges of a particular risk associated with a
recognised asset or liability or a highly probable forecast
transaction (cash flow hedge).

The Group documents at the inception of the transaction the
relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items,
as well as its risk management objective and strategy for
undertaking various hedge transactions. The Group also
documents its assessment, both at hedge inception and on an
ongoing basis, of whether the derivatives that are used in
hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes
in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

75

The fair values of various derivative instruments used for hedging
purposes are disclosed in note 32. Movements on the fair value
reserve are shown in note 22. The full fair value of a hedging
derivative is classified as a non-current asset or liability if the
remaining maturity of the hedged item is more than 12 months,
and as a current asset or liability, if the remaining maturity of the
hedged item is less than 12 months. Trading derivatives are
classified as a current asset or liability.

(i)

Fair value hedge
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated
and qualify as fair value hedges are recorded in the income
statement, together with any changes in the fair value of the
hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged
risk. If the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge
accounting, the adjustment to the carrying amount of a
hedged item for which the effective interest method is used
is amortised to profit or loss over the period to maturity.

(ii) Cash flow hedge

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of
derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow
hedges are recognised in other comprehensive income. The
gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognised
immediately in the income statement.

Amounts accumulated in equity are recycled in the income
statement in the periods when the hedged item affects profit
or loss (for instance when the forecast sale that is hedged
takes place). The recycled gain or loss relating to the effective
portion of interest rate swaps hedging variable interest rates
on borrowings is recognised in the income statement within
‘finance costs’. The recycled gain or loss relating to the
effective portion of forward foreign exchange contracts
hedging export sales is recognised in the income statement
within revenue. However, when the forecast transaction that
is hedged results in the recognition of a non-financial asset
(for example, inventory) or a non-financial liability, the gains
and losses previously deferred in equity are transferred from
equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of
the asset or liability.

When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a
hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any
cumulative gain or loss existing in equity at that time remains
in equity and is recognised when the forecast transaction is
ultimately recognised in the income statement. When a
forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the
cumulative gain or loss that was reported in other
comprehensive income is immediately transferred to the
income statement.

(iii) Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting
Certain derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge
accounting. Changes in the fair value of any derivative
instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting are
recognised immediately in the income statement.

(iv) Financial guarantee contracts

Financial guarantee contracts are issued to banking
institutions by the entity Glanbia plc on behalf of certain of its
subsidiaries. These subsidiaries engage in ongoing financing
arrangements with these banking institutions. Under the
terms of IAS 39 – Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement,financial guarantee contracts are required to
be recognised at fair value at inception and subsequently
measured as a provision under IAS 37 – Provisions,

Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets on the Glanbia
plc company statement of financial position.

Guarantees provided by Glanbia plc, the entity, over the
payment of employer contributions in respect of the UK
defined benefit pension schemes are treated as insurance
contracts.

(t)  Earnings per share
Earnings per share represents the profit in cents attributable to
shareholders of the Company, divided by the weighted average
number of ordinary shares in issue in respect of the period.

Adjusted earnings per share is calculated on the net profit
attributable to the owners of the Parent, pre exceptional items
and intangible asset amortisation (net of related tax). Diluted
earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted
average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume
conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares.

(u)  Borrowing costs
In accordance with IAS 23 (Revised), ‘Borrowing Costs’, borrowing
costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or
production of a qualifying asset are capitalised. Other borrowing
costs are expensed.

(v)  Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction
costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised
cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction
costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the income
statement over the period of the borrowings using the effective
interest method.

Preference shares, which are mandatorily redeemable on a
specific date, are classified as liabilities. The dividends on these
preference shares are recognised in the income statement as a
finance cost. Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless
the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the
liability for at least 12 months after the reporting date.

(w)  Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a constructive or
legal obligation as a result of past events, it is more likely than
not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation and the amount has been reliably estimated.
Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures
expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax
rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of
money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in
provision due to passage of time is recognised as an interest
expense.

(x)  Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is
terminated by the Group before the normal retirement date, or
whenever an employee accepts voluntary redundancy in
exchange for these benefits. The Group recognises termination
benefits when it is demonstrably committed to either terminating
the employment of current employees according to a detailed
formal plan without possibility of withdrawal; or providing
termination benefits as a result of an offer made to encourage
voluntary redundancy.

(y)  Exceptional items
The Group has adopted an income statement format, which seeks
to highlight significant items within the Group results for the year.
Such items may include restructuring, impairment of assets, profit
or loss on disposal or termination of operations, litigation
settlements, legislative changes and profit or loss on disposal of

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
76 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

investments. Judgement is used by the Group in assessing the
particular items, which by virtue of their scale and nature, should be
disclosed in the income statement and notes as exceptional items.

(z)  Business combinations
The purchase method of accounting is employed in accounting
for the acquisition of subsidiaries by the Group.

The cost of a business combination is measured as the aggregate
of the fair values at the date of exchange of assets given, liabilities
incurred or assumed and equity instruments issued in exchange
for control. To the extent that settlement of all or any part of a
business combination is deferred, the fair value of the deferred
component is determined through discounting the amounts
payable to their present value at the date of exchange. The
discount component is unwound as an interest charge in the
income statement over the life of the obligation.

Where a business combination agreement provides for an
adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future
events, the amount of the adjustment is included in the cost at the
acquisition date if the adjustment can be reliably measured.
Contingent consideration is included in the statement of financial
position on a discounted basis.

The assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of a subsidiary are
measured at their fair values at the date of acquisition. When the
initial accounting for a business combination is determined
provisionally, any adjustments to the provisional values allocated
to the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are
made within 12 months of the acquisition date.

Intangible assets acquired as part of a business combination are
capitalised separately from goodwill if the intangible asset meets
the definition of an asset and the fair value can be reliably
measured on initial recognition.

In accordance with IFRS 1, business combinations that took place
before the transition date to IFRS (4 January 2004) have not been
restated. All goodwill written off to reserves or amortised prior to
the transition date remains written off.

(aa)  New accounting standards and IFRIC interpretations
The Group’s assessment of the impact of these new standards and
interpretations is set out below;

The following standards and interpretations, issued by the IASB and
the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee
(‘IFRIC’), are effective for the Group for the first time in the year
ended 2 January 2010 and have been adopted by the Group:

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

IFRS 2 (Amendment), ‘Share Based Payment’

IFRS 8, ‘Operating Segments’

IAS 1 (Revised), ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’

IAS 23 (Revised), ‘Borrowing Costs’

IAS 32 (Amendment), ‘Financial Instruments: Presentation’

IAS 39 (Amendment), ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement’

IFRIC 16, ‘Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation’

IAS 39 and IFRS 7 (Amendments), ‘Reclassification of Financial
Assets’

Except for IFRS 8, ‘Operating Segments’ adoption of the
standards and interpretations above had no significant impact on
the results or financial position of the Group during the year
ended 2 January 2010. Refer to (c) - segment reporting above and

note 5 - segment information for a detailed analysis of the impact
of IFRS 8 adoption.

Standards, amendments and interpretations effective in
2009, reviewed by the Group and determined not applicable
by the Group for the year ended 2 January 2010:
The following standards, amendments and interpretations are
mandatory for the Group for accounting periods beginning on
or after 4 January 2009 but are not relevant to the Group’s
current operations:

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

IFRIC 9 and IAS 39 (Amendments), ‘Embedded Derivatives’.

IFRIC 13, ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’

IFRIC 15, ‘Agreements for Construction of Real Estates.’

IFRS 1 (Amendment), ‘First time adoption of IFRS’ and IAS 27
‘Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements’.

 IAS 1 (Amendment), ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’ –
‘Puttable Financial Instruments and Obligations arising on
Liquidation’.

The following standards, amendments and interpretations are
mandatory for the Group for accounting periods beginning on or
after 1 July 2009 but are not relevant to the Group’s operations:

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

IFRIC 17, ‘Distributions of Non–cash Assets to Owners.

IFRIC 18, ‘Transfers of Assets from Customers’.

The following standards, amendments and interpretations are
mandatory for the Group for accounting periods beginning on or
after the date indicated below but are not relevant to the
Group’s operations:

(cid:159)  Amendments to IFRS 1 – ‘Additional Exemptions for First –

time Adopters’ (1 January 2010)

(cid:159)  Amendments to IAS 32 – Classification of Rights Issues (1

February 2010)

The following standards, amendments and interpretations to
existing standards have been published. They are mandatory
for future accounting periods but are not yet effective and
have not been early adopted by the Group:

Improvements to IFRSs, (effective for financial periods beginning
on various dates and for companies using IFRS for the year
ended 31 December 2010).
The IASB has issued the 'Improvements to IFRS 2009' standard
which amends ten standards, basis of conclusions and guidance,
and two interpretations based on the exposure drafts issued in
October 2007 and August 2008. The improvements include
changes in presentation, recognition and measurement plus
terminology and editorial changes. The improvements are
subject to EU endorsement. The Group has reviewed the
improvements to IFRS’ and will apply the revisions to applicable
standards from the effective date and is currently assessing their
impact on the Group’s financial statements.

IFRS 1 (Revised), ‘First-time adoption of International Financial
Reporting Standards’, (effective for financial periods beginning
on or after 1 July 2009).
The revised standard is still subject to EU endorsement. The
current IFRS 1 has been amended many times to accommodate
first time adoption requirements of new and amended IFRSs. This
revised version retains the substance of the original standard but
with a changed structure. The revised IFRS 1 is not applicable to
the group as it has already adopted IFRS, however it would be
applicable to other entities should they transition to IFRS in the

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

77

future, subject to EU endorsement. The Group will apply this
revised standard if applicable from the effective date and is
currently assessing the impact on the Group’s financial statements.

IFRS 2 (Amendment), ‘Group Cash-settled share-based payment
transactions’, (effective for financial periods beginning on or after
1 January 2010).
The amendment is still subject to EU endorsement. The
amendment clarifies the scope and the accounting for group cash-
settled share-based payment transactions in the separate financial
statements of the entity receiving the goods or services when that
entity has no obligation to settle the share-based payment
transactions. The amendment also incorporates the guidance
contained in IFRIC 8 and IFRIC 11. As a result IFRIC 8 and IFRIC 11
have been withdrawn. The Group will apply the amendment from
the effective date and is currently assessing the impact on the
Group’s financial statements.

IFRS 3 (Revised), ‘Business combinations’ (effective for financial
periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009).
The revised standard continues to apply the acquisition method to
business combinations, with some significant changes. For
example, all payments to purchase a business are to be recorded
at fair value at the acquisition date, with contingent payments
classified as debt subsequently re-measured through the income
statement. There is a choice on an acquisition-by-acquisition basis
to measure the non-controlling interest in the acquiree either at
fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share
of the acquiree’s net assets. All acquisition-related costs should be
expensed. The Group will apply this revised standard from the
effective date and is currently assessing the impact on the Group’s
financial statements.

Amendment to IAS 24 – Related Party Disclosures (effective
for financial periods beginning on or after 1 January 2011).
This amendment is subject to EU endorsement. The amendment
simplifies the definition of a related party and provides a partial
exemption from the disclosure requirements for government-
related entities. The Group will apply this revised standard from
the effective date and is currently assessing the impact on the
Group’s financial statements.

IAS 27 (Revised), ‘Consolidated and separate financial statements’,
(effective for financial periods beginning on
or after 1 July 2009.
The revised standard requires the effects of all transactions with
non-controlling interests to be recorded in equity if there is no
change in control and these transactions will no longer result in
goodwill on acquisitions from non-controlling interests or gains
and losses on disposals to non-controlling interests. The standard
also specifies the accounting when control is lost. Any remaining
interest in the entity is re-measured to fair value, and a gain or loss
is recognised in profit or loss. The Group will apply this revised
standard from the effective date and is currently assessing the
impact on the Group’s financial statements.

IAS 39 (Amendment) – Eligible Hedged Items, ‘Financial
Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ (effective for annual
periods beginning on or after 1 July 2009).
This amendment to IAS 39 clarifies how the principles that
determine whether a hedged risk or portions of cash flows is
eligible for designation should be applied. The Group will apply
this revised standard from the effective date and is currently
assessing the impact on the Group’s financial statements.

3.  Financial risk management

3.1 Financial risk factors
The conduct of its ordinary business operations necessitates the
holding and issuing of financial instruments and derivative
financial instruments by the Group. The main risks arising from
issuing, holding and managing these financial instruments
typically include liquidity risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and
currency risk. The Group approach is to centrally manage these
risks against comprehensive policy guidelines, which are
summarised below.

The Group does not engage in holding or issuing speculative
financial instruments or derivatives thereof. The Group finances
its operations by a mixture of retained profits, preference shares,
medium-term committed bank borrowings and short-term
uncommitted bank borrowings. The Group borrows in the major
global debt markets in a range of currencies at both fixed and
floating rates of interest, using derivatives where appropriate to
generate the desired effective currency profile and interest rate
basis.

Risk management, other than credit risk, is carried out by a central
treasury department (Group Treasury) under policies approved by
the Board of Directors. Credit risk is discussed below. Group
Treasury identifies, evaluates and hedges financial risks in close
co-operation with the Group’s operating units.

The Board provides written principles for overall risk
management, as well as written policies covering specific areas,
such as liquidity risk, foreign exchange risk, interest
rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments
and non-derivative financial instruments, and investment of
excess liquidity.

Market risk
(a)  Currency risk
Although the Group is based in Ireland and has extensive
euro operations, it has significant investment in overseas
undertakings, primarily in the USA. As a result movements in US
dollar/euro exchange rates can significantly affect the Group’s
euro statement of financial position and income statement. The
Group seeks to match, to a certain extent, the currency of its
borrowings, with that of its assets. The Group also has
transactional currency exposures that arise from sales or
purchases by an operating unit in currencies other than the
operating unit’s functional currency. Management has set up a
policy to require Group companies to manage their foreign
exchange risk against their functional currency. The Group
companies are required to hedge foreign exchange risk exposure
through Group Treasury.

Group Treasury reviews exposure reports on a regular basis. To
manage their foreign exchange risk arising from future
commercial transactions, recognised assets and liabilities and
profits earned in foreign currency entities, the Group use forward
contracts or currency options, administered by Group Treasury.
Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions
or recognised assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency
that is not the entity’s functional currency.

Group Treasury’s risk management practice is to hedge up
to 100% of anticipated cash flows (mainly export sales and
purchase of inventory) in each major foreign currency to which
the Group is exposed for the following financial year. The Group
does not take out cover unless the prospective sale or purchase
is highly probable.

Occasionally the Group enters into fixed to floating interest rate
swaps to hedge the fair value interest rate risk arising where it
has borrowed at fixed rates.

(c)  Price Risk
The Group is exposed to equity securities price risk because
of investments held by the Group in listed and unlisted securities
and classified on the consolidated statement of financial position
as available for sale. Certain securities are carried at cost and
therefore are not exposed to price risk.

To manage its price risk arising from investments in listed equity
securities, the Group does not maintain a significant balance with
any one entity.

Diversification of the portfolio must be done in accordance with
the limits set by the Group. The impact of a 5% increase or
decrease in equity indexes across the eurozone countries would
not have any significant impact on Group operating profit.

To manage its exposure to certain commodity markets the Group
enters commodity future contracts. Such commodity futures are
subject to fair value changes which are recognised in the income
statement.

Liquidity and cash flow risk
The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between the
continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of borrowings
with a range of maturities. In order to preserve continuity of
funding, the Group’s policy is that, at a minimum, committed
facilities should be available at all times to meet the full extent of
its anticipated finance requirements, arising in the ordinary
course of business, during the succeeding 12 month period. This
means that at any time the lenders providing facilities in respect
of this finance requirement are required to give at least 12
months notice of their intention to seek repayment of such
facilities. At the year end, the Group had multi-currency
committed term facilities of €729.1 million (2008: €661.5 million)
of which €138.8 million (2008: €82.9 million) was undrawn. The
weighted average maturity of these facilities was 3.2 years (2008:
4.2 years).

78 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

The Group has certain investments in foreign operations, whose
net assets are exposed to foreign currency translation risk.
Currency exposure arising from the net assets of the Group’s
foreign operations is managed primarily through borrowings
denominated in the relevant foreign currencies.

At 2 January 2010 and 3 January 2009, if the euro had
weakened/strengthened by 5% against the US dollar with all other
variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would not have
been materially impacted as a result of foreign exchange
gains/losses on translation of US dollar denominated non-hedged
trade receivables, and cash and cash equivalents.

A weakening/strengthening of the euro against the US dollar by
5% as at 2 January 2010 would have resulted in a currency
translation gain/loss of approximately €16.1 million (2008: €8.5
million), which would be recognised directly in other
comprehensive income.

At 2 January 2010 and 3 January 2009, if the euro had
weakened/strengthened by 5% against the UK pound with all
other variables held constant, post-tax profit for the year would
not have been materially impacted as a result of foreign exchange
gains/losses on translation of UK pound-denominated non-
hedged trade receivables, and cash and cash equivalents.

A weakening/strengthening of the euro against the UK pound by
5% as at 2 January 2010 would have resulted in a currency
translation gain/loss of approximately €7.0 million (2008: €3.0
million), which would be recognised directly in other
comprehensive income.

Interest rate risk

(b) 
The Group’s objective in relation to interest rate management is
to minimise the impact of interest rate volatility on interest costs in
order to protect reported profitability. This is achieved by
determining a long-term strategy against a number of policy
guidelines, which focus on (a) the amount of floating rate
indebtedness anticipated over such a period and (b) the
consequent sensitivity of interest costs to interest rate movements
on this indebtedness and the resultant impact on reported
profitability. The Group borrows at both fixed and floating rates of
interest and uses interest rate swaps to manage the Group’s
exposure to interest rate fluctuations.

Borrowings issued at floating rates expose the Group to cash flow
interest rate risk. Borrowings issued at fixed rates expose the
Group to fair value interest rate risk. Group policy is to maintain
no more than one third of its projected debt exposure on a
floating rate basis over any succeeding 12 month period.

The Group, on a continuous basis, maintains a level of fixed rate
cover dependent on prevailing fixed market rates, projected debt
and market informed interest rate outlook.

Based on the Group’s unhedged variable rate debt in all
currencies throughout 2009, a 1% increase in prevailing market
interest rates would have resulted in a €1.3 million loss (2008: €1.8
million loss), with no impact on other comprehensive income.

The Group manages its cash flow interest rate risk by using
floating to fixed interest rate swaps. Such interest rate swaps
have the economic effect of converting borrowings from floating
rates to fixed rates. Under these interest rate swaps, the Group
agrees with other parties to exchange at specified intervals,
the difference between fixed interest rate amounts and floating
rate interest amounts calculated by reference to the agreed
notional amounts.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

79

The table below analyses the Group’s financial liabilities which will be settled on a net basis into relevant maturity groupings based on
the remaining period at the reporting date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual
undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within one year equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.

Financial liabilities

At 2 January 2010

Borrowings

Future finance costs

Derivative financial instruments

Trade and other payables*

Less future finance costs

At 3 January 2009

Borrowings

Future finance costs

Derivative financial instruments

Trade and other payables*

Less future finance costs

Less than
1 year
€'000

Between 1
and 2 years
€'000

Between 2
and 5 years
€'000

Over 5
years
€'000

 945

 29,375

 10,615

 146,486

 982

 29,376

 3,297

–

 589,237

 35,094

 2,544

–

 187,421

(29,375)

 33,655

(29,376)

 626,875

(35,094)

 158,046

 4,279

 591,781

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Less than
1 year
€'000

Between 1
and 2 years
€'000

Between 2
and 5 years
€'000

Over 5 years
€'000

 15,281

 26,500

 16,815

 158,911

 926

 25,132

 5,171

–

 501,325

 57,510

 4,417

–

 64,624

 2,559

 76

–

Total
€'000

 591,164

 93,845

 16,456

 146,486

 847,951

(93,845)

 754,106

Total
€'000

 582,156

 111,701

 26,479

 158,911

 217,507

(26,500)

 31,229

(25,132)

 563,252

(57,510)

 67,259

(2,559)

 879,247

(111,701)

 191,007

 6,097

 505,742

 64,700

 767,546

*   Excludes accrued expenses and social security costs.

The Company has an overdraft of €9,550,000 at year ended 2 January 2010 (2008: €13,740,000). The contractual undiscounted cash
flows equal the year end balance.

The table below analyses the Group’s foreign exchange contracts which will be settled on a gross basis into relevant maturity
groupings based on the remaining period at the reporting date to the contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table
are the contractual undiscounted cash flows. Balances due within one year equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is
not significant.

Foreign exchange contracts

At 2 January 2010

Foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges

Less than
1 year
€'000

Between 1
and 2 years
€'000

Between 2
and 5 years
€'000

Over 5
years
€'000

Total
€'000

Outflow

(956)

–

–

–

(956)

Less than
1 year
€'000

Between 1
and 2 years
€'000

Between 2
and 5 years
€'000

Over 5
years
€'000

Total
€'000

At 3 January 2009

Foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges

Outflow

(59)

–

–

–

(59)

80 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Credit risk
Credit risk is managed on a Group basis. Credit risk arises from
cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and
deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit
exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables and
committed transactions. For banks and financial institutions, only
independently rated parties with a minimum credit rating of 'A'
are accepted. The minimum credit rating applicable to a
counterparty used for derivative financial instruments is A+.

The Group’s credit risk management policy in relation to trade
receivables involves periodically assessing the financial reliability
of customers, taking into account their financial position, past
experience and other factors. The utilisation of credit limits is
regularly monitored and where appropriate, credit risk is covered
by credit insurance and by holding appropriate security or liens.

The Group enters into debt purchase agreements with certain
financial institutions for part of its debtors’ balances. Where this
is done the credit risk is transferred but the late payment risk
is retained.

3.2 Capital risk management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard
the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order to
provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other
stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to
reduce the cost of capital. Total capital is calculated based on
equity as shown in the statement of financial position and
net debt.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may
adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return
capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to increase
or reduce debt or buy back shares.

The Group monitors debt capital on the basis of interest cover
and debt to EBITDA ratios. At 2 January 2010, the Group’s debt/
EBITDA ratio was 2.9 times (2008: 2.7 times), which is deemed by
management to be prudent and in line with industry norms.

3.3 Fair value estimation
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets
(such as available for sale securities) is based on quoted market
prices at the reporting date. The quoted market price used for
financial assets held by the Group is the current bid price.

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an
active market (for example, over-the counter derivatives) is
determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses a
variety of methods and makes assumptions that are based on
market conditions existing at each reporting date. Quoted market
prices or dealer quotes for similar instruments are used for long-
term debt. Other techniques, such as estimated discounted cash
flows, are used to determine fair value for the remaining financial
instruments. The fair value of interest rate swaps is calculated as
the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The fair value
of forward foreign exchange contracts is determined using quoted
forward exchange rates at the reporting date.

The carrying value less impairment provision of trade receivables
and payables are assumed to approximate their fair values due to
the short-term nature of trade receivables and trade payables.
The fair value of financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is
estimated by discounting the future contractual cash flows at
current market interest rates that are available to the Group for
similar financial instruments.

Effective from 4 January 2009, the Group adopted the
amendment to IFRS 7 for financial instruments that are measured
in the statement of financial position at fair value. This requires
disclosure of fair value instruments by level of the following fair
value measurement hierarchy:

(cid:159)  quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical

assets and liabilities (level 1)

(cid:159) 

(cid:159) 

inputs, other than quoted prices included in level 1, that are
observable for the asset and liability, either directly (that is, as
prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2)

inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on
observable market data (that is, unobservable inputs) (level 3)

The following table presents the Group’s assets and liabilities
that are measured at fair value at 2 January 2010:

Level 1
€'000

Level 2
€'000

Level 3
€'000

Total
€'000

Assets

Financial assets at fair
value through the
income statement

Derivatives used for
hedging

Available for sale
financial assets

– equity securities

–

 10,219

–

 10,219

 155

 8,352

–

 8,507

Total assets

 155  18,571

–  18,726

Liabilities

Financial liabilities at
fair value through the
income statement

Derivatives used for
hedging

–

(16,246)

–

(16,246)

Total liabilities

– (16,246)

– (16,246)

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

81

4. Critical accounting estimates and judgements

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are
based on historical experience and other factors, including
expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable
under the circumstances.

increases together with the discount rate used. The Group has
reviewed the impact of a change in the discount rate used and
concluded that based on the pension deficit at 2 January 2010,
an increase in the discount rates applied of 10 basis points across
the various defined benefit plans, would have the impact of
decreasing the pension deficit for the Group by €5.2 million.

The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the
future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition,
seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and
assumptions that could have a significant risk of causing a material
adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within
the next financial year are discussed below.

Impairment reviews of goodwill and indefinite life intangibles

(a) 
The Group tests annually whether goodwill has suffered any
impairment, in accordance with the accounting policy stated in
note 2 (f). The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have
been determined based on value in use calculations. These
calculations require the use of estimates.

The assets of Glanbia Nutritionals (NA), Inc. (formerly Seltzer
Companies, Inc.), Optimum Nutrition, Inc. and Glanbia
Nutritionals Deutschland GmbH, including goodwill arising on
acquisition of €227.3 million, were tested for impairment using
projected cash flows over a 10 year period.
A reduction in projected EBITDA of 10% or an increase in the
discount factor used from 6.5% to 7.5% would not result in an
impairment of the assets. A rate of zero percent has been used to
estimate cash flow growth between 3 and 10 years. Indefinite life
intangible assets are those for which there is no foreseeable limit
to their expected useful life. The classification of intangible assets
as indefinite is reviewed annually.

Income taxes

(b) 
The Group is subject to income tax in numerous jurisdictions.
Significant judgement is required in determining the worldwide
provision for income taxes. There are many transactions and
calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain
during the ordinary course of business. The Group recognises
liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on estimates of
whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome
of these matters is different from the amounts that were initially
recorded, such differences will impact the income tax and deferred
tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.
Were the actual final outcome of these matters to differ by 10%
from management’s estimates, the Group would need to revise its
tax liabilities by approximately €1.4 million (2008: €1.0 million).

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable
that future taxable profit will be available against which the unused
tax losses and unused tax credits can be utilised. The Group
estimates the most probable amount of future taxable profits,
using assumptions consistent with those employed in impairment
calculations, and taking into consideration applicable tax legislation
in the relevant jurisdiction. These calculations require the use of
estimates. An increase in the Group’s effective tax rate by 1%
would reduce profit after tax by €1.3 million (2008: €1.1 million).

(c)  Post-employment benefits
The Group operates a number of post employment defined
benefit plans. The rates of contributions payable, the pension cost
and the Group’s total obligation in respect of defined benefit
plans is calculated and determined by independent qualified
actuaries and updated at least annually. The Group has plan
assets totalling €349.2 million giving a net pension liability of €85.8
million for the Group. The size of the obligation and cost of the
benefits are sensitive to actuarial assumptions. These include
demographic assumptions covering mortality and longevity, and
economic assumptions covering price inflation, benefit and salary

The curtailment gains and negative past service costs have been
calculated by management using certain estimates and
judgements, primary among these being the inflation rate,
investment strategy approach and discount rate assumed, the
final determination of which may be different as actual results
become certain. The curtailment gains and negative past service
costs are also based on management’s assumption regarding
how benefit reductions will be achieved. The benefit reductions
can be achieved in a number of different ways and therefore the
final figures may ultimately vary from those estimated.

(d)  Establishing lives for depreciation of property, plant
and  equipment and intangible assets
Long-lived assets comprising primarily property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets, represent a significant portion
of total assets. The annual depreciation and amortisation charge
depends primarily on the estimated lives of each type of asset
and, in certain circumstances, estimates of fair values and residual
values. The Directors regularly review these useful lives and
change them as necessary to reflect current thinking on
remaining lives in light of technological change, pattern of
consumption, the physical condition and expected economic
utilisation of the asset. Changes in the useful lives can have a
significant impact on the depreciation and amortisation charge
for the period. Details of the useful lives are included in the
accounting policies 2 (e) and 2 (f) above. The impact of any
change could vary significantly depending on the individual
changes in assets and the classes of assets impacted. The Group
has reviewed the impact of a change in useful lives on land and
buildings and a one year reduction in useful lives would have a
€2.1 million reduction impact on operating profit. The Group has
also reviewed the impact of a change in useful lives in plant and
equipment and a one year reduction in useful lives would have a
€0.2 million reduction impact on operating profit.

The Group has reviewed the impact on indefinite life intangible
assets of assigning a finite life to these assets and a 20 year useful
life estimate would have a €4.4 million reduction impact on
operating profit.

(e)  Fair value of derivatives and other financial instruments.
The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an
active market (for example, over-the-counter derivatives) is
determined by using valuation techniques. The Group uses its
judgement to select a variety of methods and make assumptions
that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each
reporting date. The Group has used discounted cash flow
analysis for various available for sale financial assets that are not
traded in active markets. The carrying amount of available for
sale financial assets would not be materially different were the
discounted rate used in the discounted cash flow analysis to
differ by 10% from management’s estimates.

(f)  Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a constructive or
legal obligation as a result of past events; it is more likely than
not that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the
obligation; and the amount has been reliably estimated. The
amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the
amount required to settle the present obligation at the reporting
date, taking account of the risks and uncertainties surrounding
the obligation.

82 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

5. Segment information

On adoption of IFRS 8, the Group has changed the basis of segmental reporting from Ireland and International to US Cheese & Global
Nutritionals, Dairy Ireland, Joint Ventures & Associates and Other. These segments align with the Group’s internal financial reporting
system and the way in which the Chief Operating Decision Maker assesses performance and allocates the Group’s resources. A
segment manager is responsible for each segment and is directly accountable for the performance of that segment to the Glanbia
Executive Committee which acts as the Chief Operating Decision Maker for the Group.

Each segment derives their revenues as follows: US Cheese & Global Nutritionals earns its revenue from the sale of cheese, whey
protein and other nutritional ingredients; Dairy Ireland incorporates the manufacture and sale of a range of dairy products and the sale
of feed, fertiliser and other farm inputs; Joint Ventures & Associates revenue mainly includes the sale of cheese, whey proteins and
dairy consumer products. Each segment is reviewed in its totality by the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The Other segment refers to
all other businesses which comprise the Property business unit, a small dairy operation in Mexico and the Pigmeat business which was
disposed of in March 2008.

The Glanbia Executive Committee assesses the trading performance of operating segments based on a measure of earnings before
interest and tax. This measure excludes exceptional items.

Comparatives for the year ended 3 January 2009 have been restated to reflect the revised segment analysis as shown at section 5.2
below.

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Total gross segment revenue

(a)

Inter-segment revenue

 795,974

(3,581)

 1,037,473

 297,587

(8,707)

–

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

 2,140,202

(12,288)

Other
€'000

 9,168

–

Segment external revenue

 792,393

 1,028,766

 297,587

 9,168

 2,127,914

Segment earnings before interest, tax and
exceptional items

(b)

Exceptional items – segment rationalisation costs

 89,982

(219)

 24,004

(13,738)

 17,453

–

(2,820)

(84)

 128,619

(14,041)

Segment earnings before interest and tax

 89,763

 10,266

 17,453

(2,904)

 114,578

Included in external revenue are related party sales between Dairy Ireland and Joint Ventures & Associates of €58.1 million and related
party sales between US Cheese & Global Nutritionals and Joint Ventures & Associates of €2.2 million.

Inter-segment transfers or transactions are entered into under the normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be
available to unrelated third parties.

5.1 (a):  Segment revenue is reconciled to reported external revenue as follows:

Segment revenue

Inter-segment revenue

Joint Ventures & Associates revenue

Reported external revenue

2009
€'000

 2,140,202

(12,288)

(297,587)

 1,830,327

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

83

5.1 (b):   Segment earnings before interest, tax and exceptional items are reconciled to reported profit before tax and profit

 after tax as follows:

Segment earnings before interest and tax

Exceptional items – segment rationalisation costs

Exceptional items – unallocated

Joint Ventures & Associates interest and tax

Finance income

Finance costs

Reported profit before tax

Income taxes

Reported profit after tax

2009
€'000

 128,619

(14,041)

 59,716

(7,228)

 5,542

(29,576)

 143,032

(29,873)

 113,159

Finance income, finance costs and income taxes are not allocated to segments as this type of activity is driven by the central treasury
and taxation functions, which manage the cash and taxation position of the Group.

Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended 2 January 2010 are as follows:

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Amortisation of intangibles

Capital grants released to the income statement

Exceptional items – segment rationalisation costs

Exceptional items – unallocated

 9,692

 10,364

(11)

(219)

–

 18,964

 3,494

(1,226)

(13,738)

–

 6,691

 6

(396)

–

–

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

 35,426

 13,864

(1,633)

(14,041)

 59,716

Other
€'000

 79

–

–

(84)

–

The segment assets and liabilities at 2 January 2010 and segment capital expenditure & acquisitions for the year then ended
are as follows:

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

Other
€'000

Segment assets

Segment liabilities

Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions

(c)

(d)

(e)

 630,530

 445,854

 102,035

 23,809

 1,202,228

 164,351

 235,174

–

 1,202

 400,727

 24,704

 21,907

 29,993

 3,435

 80,039

5.1 (c):  Segment assets are reconciled to reported assets as follows:

Segment assets

Unallocated assets

Reported assets

Unallocated assets primarily include taxation, cash and cash equivalents, available for sale financial assets and derivatives.

2009
€'000

 1,202,228

 193,669

 1,395,897

84 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

5.1 (d):  Segment liabilities are reconciled to reported liabilities as follows:

Segment liabilities

Unallocated liabilities

Reported liabilities

2009
€'000

 400,727

 697,782

 1,098,509

Unallocated liabilities primarily include items such as taxation, borrowings and derivatives.

5.1 (e):  Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions are reconciled to reported capital expenditure and acquisitions as

follows:

Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions

Joint Ventures & Associates capital expenditure

Unallocated capital expenditure

Reported capital expenditure and acquisitions

2009
€'000

80,039

(29,993)

 426

50,472

5.2 The restated segment results for the year ended 3 January 2009 are as follows:

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

Other
€'000

Total gross segment revenue

(a)

Inter-segment revenue

 847,888

(3,672)

 1,357,027

(16,473)

 370,315

 47,391

–

–

 2,622,621

(20,145)

Segment external revenue

 844,216

 1,340,554

 370,315

 47,391

 2,602,476

Segment earnings before interest,
tax and exceptional items

(b)

 83,839

 49,660

 17,039

Exceptional item

–

(15,971)

(947)

 555

(3,332)

 151,093

(20,250)

Segment earnings before interest and tax

 83,839

 33,689

 16,092

(2,777)

 130,843

Included in external revenue are related party sales between Dairy Ireland and Joint Ventures & Associates of €69.3 million and related
party sales between US Cheese & Global Nutritionals and Joint Ventures & Associates of €2.9 million.

Inter-segment transfers or transactions are entered into under the normal commercial terms and conditions that would also be
available to unrelated third parties.

 
 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

85

5.2 (a):  Segment revenue is reconciled to reported external revenue as follows:

Segment revenue

Inter-segment revenue

Joint ventures & associates revenue

Reported external revenue

2008
€'000

 2,622,621

(20,145)

(370,315)

 2,232,161

5.2 (b):   Segment earnings before interest, tax and exceptional items are reconciled to reported profit before tax and profit

 after tax as follows:

Segment earnings before interest and tax

Exceptional items

Joint Ventures & Associates interest and tax

Finance income

Finance costs

Reported profit before tax

Income taxes

Reported profit after tax

2008
€'000

 151,093

(20,250)

(9,733)

 5,590

(26,695)

 100,005

(20,636)

 79,369

Finance income, finance costs and income taxes are not allocated to segments as this type of activity is driven by the central treasury
and taxation functions, which manage the cash and taxation position of the Group.

Other segment items included in the income statement for the year ended 3 January 2009 are as follows:

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Amortisation of intangibles

Capital grants released to the income statement

Exceptional items

 7,935

 4,902

(10)

–

 17,394

 3,455

(590)

(15,971)

 6,634

 140

(695)

(947)

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

 32,423

 8,497

(1,295)

(20,250)

Other
€'000

 460

–

–

(3,332)

The segment assets and liabilities at 3 January 2009 and segment capital expenditure & acquisitions for the year then ended
are as follows:

US Cheese &
Global
Nutritionals
€'000

Dairy Ireland
€'000

JV's &
Associates
€'000

Group
including JV's
& Associates
€'000

Other
€'000

Segment assets

Segment liabilities

(c)

(d)

 617,242

 536,846

 89,259

 32,675

 1,276,022

 173,357

 378,080

–

 12,196

 563,633

Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions (e)

 252,600

 45,218

 4,326

 3,955

 306,099

86 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

5.2 (c):  Segment assets are reconciled to reported assets as follows:

Segment assets

Unallocated assets

Reported assets

Unallocated assets primarily include taxation, cash and cash equivalents, available for sale financial assets and derivatives.

5.2 (d):  Segment liabilities are reconciled to reported liabilities as follows:

Segment liabilities

Unallocated liabilities

Reported liabilities

2008
€'000

 1,276,022

 178,947

 1,454,969

2008
€'000

 563,633

 663,417

 1,227,050

Unallocated liabilities primarily include items such as taxation, borrowings and derivatives.

5.2 (e):    Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions are reconciled to reported capital expenditure and acquisitions

as follows:

Segment capital expenditure and acquisitions

Joint Ventures & Associates capital expenditure

Unallocated capital expenditure

Reported capital expenditure and acquisitions

2008
€'000

306,099

(4,326)

2,841

304,614

5.3 Entity wide disclosures
Revenue from external customers for each group of similar product in the US Cheese & Global Nutritionals, Dairy Ireland, Joint
Ventures & Associates and Other segments are outlined at section 5.1 and 5.2 above.

Geographical information
Revenue by geographical destination is reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker. The breakdown of revenue by geographical
destination is as follows:

Ireland

UK

Rest of Europe

USA

Other

2009
€'000

 703,217

 116,194

 244,294

 583,718

 182,904

2008
€'000

 1,055,597

 69,981

 112,450

 859,234

 134,899

 1,830,327

 2,232,161

Revenue of approximately €231.1 million (2008: €320.2 million) is derived from a single external customer.

The total of non-current assets, other than financial instruments and deferred tax assets, located in Ireland is €289.1 million and located
in other countries, mainly the USA is €538.6 million.

 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

87

6. Operating expenses

The following items have been included in arriving at operating profit:

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (note 14)

– Owned assets

– Leased assets under finance leases

Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment

2009
€'000

 27,221

 1,514

(716)

2008
€'000

24,149

 1,640

(5,319)

Repairs and maintenance expenditure on property, plant and equipment

 26,903

 25,698

Exceptional items (pre tax)

– Exit from Pigmeat

– Rationalisation costs

– Non-cash foreign exchange loss

– UK defined benefit schemes

– Irish defined benefit schemes

–

 15,055

 18,280

 21,088

(100,098)

 3,332

 15,971

–

–

Net foreign exchange gains (excluding exceptional items)

(2,543)

(4,019)

Amortisation of intangible assets (note 15)

– Software costs

– Other intangible assets

(Decrease)/increase in inventories

Raw materials and consumables used

Energy costs

Sales and marketing

Trade receivables – impairment charge for bad and doubtful debts

Amortisation of government grants received (note 30)

Operating lease rentals (note 14)

– Plant and machinery

– Other

Employee benefit expense – pre exceptional (note 8)

Auditors' remuneration

Research and development costs

Other expenses

Total operating expenses

Reconciliation of total operating expenses to income statement

Cost of sales

Distribution expenses

Administration expenses

Other gains and losses

Total operating expenses

 4,163

 9,695

 3,685

 4,672

(65,845)

 42,365

 1,364,843

 1,619,992

 26,753

 51,735

 5,172

(1,237)

 6,606

 3,923

 39,714

 54,110

 1,384

(600)

 4,775

 5,582

 175,231

 185,401

 546

 7,686

 639

 6,880

 77,511

 87,359

 1,673,486

 2,117,410

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 1,512,203

 1,900,662

 117,601

 104,412

(60,730)

 124,624

 92,124

–

 1,673,486

 2,117,410

88 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

7. Exceptional items

Rationalisation costs
Non-cash foreign exchange loss
Defined benefit schemes
– Irish defined benefit schemes
– UK defined benefit schemes
Exit from Pigmeat
Joint venture – deferred tax charge

Total exceptional credit/(charge) before tax

Exceptional tax (charge)/credit (note 11)

Net exceptional credit/(charge)

Notes

(a)
(b)

(c)
(d)

2009
€'000

(15,055)
(18,280)

 100,098
(21,088)
–
–

2008
€'000

(15,971)
–

–
–
(3,332)
(947)

 45,675

(20,250)

(10,770)

 892

 34,905

(19,358)

(a)  An exceptional charge of €15.1 million was incurred during the year, primarily relating to redundancy costs due to the on-going

rationalisation programmes in the Dairy Ireland segment.

(b)  During the year, a review of the internal corporate structures of the Group was completed. This gave rise to an exceptional non-
cash charge of €18.3 million on the repayment of certain sterling inter-group loans. This loss, which was previously recognised in
the Group’s currency reserve is now recycled to the Group’s income statement.

(c)  A strategic review of the Group’s pension arrangements was completed during 2009, following which the Group revised benefits
under the Irish defined benefit schemes giving rise to an exceptional gain, in accordance with IAS 19, in the year of €100.1 million
relating to curtailment gains and  negative past  service costs of €14.1 million and €86.0 million respectively. The curtailment gains
and negative past service costs arise following the removal of guaranteed increases to pensions in payment for all members and
the provision of benefits for members in employment on a career average basis from a final salary basis. The Group has completed
its consultation process with all members of the main schemes.

(d)  The Group’s UK defined benefit schemes exceptional charge of €21.1 million relates to the scheme’s administration and certain

other costs associated with businesses disposed of in prior years. As outlined in note 33 – contingent liabilities, the Company has
guaranteed the payment of a proportion of employer contributions in respect of these UK pension schemes.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Employee benefit expense

Wages and salaries
Termination costs
Social security costs
Cost of share options
Pension costs – defined contribution plans (note 28)
Pension costs – defined benefit plans (note 28)

Exceptional item – negative past service costs

Exceptional item – rationalisation costs (note 7 (a))

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

89

2009
€'000

 144,518
–
 15,613
 187
 2,146
 12,767

2008
€'000

 157,510
 708
 17,036
 515
 1,719
 7,913

 175,231

 185,401

(60,400)

 15,055

(376)

 15,068

 129,886

 200,093

The average number of employees, excluding the Group's Joint Ventures & Associates in 2009 was 3,418 (2008: 3,400) and is analysed
into the following categories:

US Cheese & Global Nutritionals
Dairy Ireland
Other

2009

 1,471
 1,852
 95

2008

 1,194
 2,136
 70

 3,418

 3,400

The average number of employees in US Cheese & Global Nutritionals increased due to the acquisition of Optimum Nutrition in August
2008 and the average number of employees in Dairy Ireland decreased due to the on-going rationalisation programme in this segment.

9. Directors’ remuneration

The audited Directors’ remuneration information is shown on pages 49 to 53 of the statement on Directors’ remuneration.

10. Finance income and costs

Finance income

Interest income

Interest income on deferred consideration

Total finance income

Finance costs

Bank borrowings repayable within five years

Interest cost on deferred consideration

Finance lease costs

Interest rate swaps, transfer from equity

Interest rate swaps, fair value hedges

Fair value adjustment to borrowings attributable to interest rate risk

Finance cost of preference shares

Total finance costs

Net finance costs

2009
€'000

 4,662

 880

2008
€'000

 5,164

 426

 5,542

 5,590

(16,756)

(21,471)

(67)

(241)

(8,163)

 1,524

(1,524)

(4,349)

(22)

(360)

(477)

(1,295)

 1,295

(4,365)

(29,576)

(26,695)

(24,034)

(21,105)

Net finance costs exclude borrowing costs attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset which has
been capitalised, as disclosed in note 14.

90 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

11. Income taxes

Irish corporation tax

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Irish current tax on income for the year

Foreign tax

Adjustments in respect of prior years

Foreign current tax on income for the year

Total current tax

Deferred tax (note 27)

Pre exceptional tax charge

Exceptional tax charge/(credit)

Current

Deferred

Total tax charge

Notes

2009
€'000

 3,044

(1,623)

2008
€'000

 8,961

(99)

 1,421

 8,862

 4,727

 215

 11,857

(607)

 4,942

 11,250

 6,363

 20,112

 12,740

 1,416

 19,103

 21,528

(a)

(b)

(1,742)

 12,512

(1,073)

 181

 29,873

 20,636

(a)  The restructuring provision charged in 2009 resulted in an exceptional current tax credit of €1.7 million.

(b)  The curtailment gains and negative past service costs recognised in the defined benefit pension schemes during the year resulted

in an exceptional deferred tax charge of €12.5 million.

The net tax charges and credits in 2009 and 2008, by virtue of their nature and size, have been separately disclosed as exceptional
charges and credits in the financial statements.

The tax on the Group’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the corporation tax rate in Ireland,
as follows:

Profit before tax

Tax calculated at Irish rate of 12.5% (2008: 12.5%)

Earnings at reduced and higher Irish rates

Difference due to overseas tax rates

Adjustment to tax charge in respect of previous periods

Tax on profits of Joint Ventures & Associates shown in profit before tax

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes and other differences

Total tax charge

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 143,032

 100,005

 17,879

(2,067)

 13,001

(1,071)

(1,278)

 3,409

 12,501

(2,732)

 9,396

(54)

(913)

 2,438

 29,873

 20,636

Details of tax charged or credited directly to other comprehensive income during the year are outlined in note 27.

 
Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

91

12. Earnings per share

Basic
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit attributable to the owners of the Parent by the weighted average
number of ordinary shares in issue during the year, excluding ordinary shares purchased by the Group and held as own shares
(note 23 (a)).

Profit attributable to owners of the Parent

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 112,676

 78,399

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue

 292,985,630

 293,018,610

Basic earnings per share (cents per share)

38.46

26.76

Diluted
Diluted earnings per share is calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding to assume
conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. Share options are dilutive potential ordinary shares. In respect of share options, a
calculation is performed to determine the number of shares that could have been acquired at fair value (determined as the average
annual market share price of the Company’s shares) based on the monetary value of the subscription rights attached to outstanding
share options. The number of shares calculated as above is compared with the number of shares that would have been issued
assuming the exercise of the share options.

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue

Adjustments for share options

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 292,985,630

 293,018,610

 830,517

 1,356,809

Adjusted weighted average number of ordinary shares

 293,816,147

 294,375,419

Diluted earnings per share (cents per share)

38.35

26.63

Adjusted
Adjusted earnings per share is calculated on the net profit attributable to owners of the Parent, before net exceptional items and
intangible asset amortisation (net of related tax). Adjusted earnings per share is considered to be more reflective of the Group’s overall
underlying performance.

Profit attributable to owners of the Parent

Amortisation of intangible assets (net of related tax)

Net exceptional items

Adjusted net income

Adjusted earnings per share (cents per share)

Diluted adjusted earnings per share (cents per share)

2009
€'000

 112,676

 12,126

(34,905)

2008
€'000

 78,399

 7,312

 19,358

 89,897

 105,069

30.68

35.86

30.60

35.69

92 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

13. Dividends

The dividends paid in 2009 and 2008 were €19.5 million (6.65 cents per share) and €18.5 million (6.33 cents per share) respectively. On
30 September 2009 an interim dividend of 2.89 cents per share on the ordinary shares amounting to €8.5 million was paid to
shareholders on the register of members as at 11 September 2009. The Directors have recommended the payment of a final dividend
of 3.95 cents per share on the ordinary shares which amounts to €11.6 million. Subject to shareholders approval this dividend will be
paid on 26 May 2010 to shareholders on the register of members at 30 April 2010, the record date. These financial statements do not
reflect this final dividend.

14. Property, plant and equipment

Year ended 3 January 2009
Opening net book amount
Exchange differences
Acquisition of subsidiaries (note 36)
Additions
Disposals
Reclassification
Depreciation charge

Land and
buildings
€'000

Plant and
equipment
€'000

Motor
vehicles
€'000

 111,587
 2,075
 1,330
 23,753
(1,184)
–
(4,566)

 186,465
 4,342
 2,033
 57,374
(1,604)
(289)
(20,698)

 719
(12)
 26
 299
(50)
 56
(525)

Total
€'000

 298,771
 6,405
 3,389
 81,426
(2,838)
(233)
(25,789)

Closing net book amount

 132,995

 227,623

 513

 361,131

At 3 January 2009

Cost

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

Year ended 2 January 2010
Opening net book amount
Exchange differences
Additions
Disposals
Reclassification
Depreciation charge

 193,578

(60,583)

 585,482

(357,859)

 18,782

(18,269)

 797,842

(436,711)

 132,995

 227,623

 513

 361,131

 132,995
(1,396)
 14,779
(7,476)
(2,218)
(4,678)

 227,623
(2,971)
 28,857
(1,216)
 2,143
(23,650)

 513
 3
 262
(11)
–
(407)

 361,131
(4,364)
 43,898
(8,703)
(75)
(28,735)

Closing net book amount

 132,006

 230,786

 360

 363,152

At 2 January 2010

Cost

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

 197,267

(65,261)

 612,295

(381,509)

 19,036

(18,676)

 828,598

(465,446)

 132,006

 230,786

 360

 363,152

Depreciation expense of €28.7 million (2008: €25.8 million) has been charged as follows: cost of sales €25.1 million (2008: €23.0 million),
distribution expenses €1.2 million (2008: €1.2 million) and administration expenses €2.4 million (2008: €1.6 million).

Included in the cost of plant and equipment is an amount of €8.9 million (2008: €18.0 million) incurred in respect of assets under
construction.

Borrowing costs incurred directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalised.
The amount capitalised, using the Group’s incremental cost of borrowing amounted to €0.3 million (2008: €0.6 million). Capitalised
borrowing costs will be depreciated through the income statement and will be deducted in determining taxable profit over the life
of the underlying asset.

The Group does not have any assets secured against borrowings.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

93

Leased assets, comprising plant and equipment where the Group is a lessee under a finance lease, are as follows:

Cost – capitalised finance leases

Accumulated depreciation

Net book amount

Operating lease rentals amounting to €10.5 million (2008: €10.4 million) are included in the income statement.

2009
€'000

 41,673

(29,344)

2008
€'000

 41,673

(27,830)

 12,329

 13,843

15. Intangible assets

Year ended 3 January 2009

Opening net book amount

Exchange differences

Acquisition of subsidiaries

Additions

Reclassification

Write-off of intangibles

Reduction in contingent consideration

Amortisation

Goodwill
€'000
note (b)

Other
intangibles
€'000
note (a)

Software
costs
€'000

Development
costs
€'000

 88,023

 5,515

 58,065

 77

–

–

(6,096)

–

 24,032

 10,336

 154,028

–

–

(282)

–

(3,817)

 21,076

 157

–

 4,376

 233

–

–

 4,434

 342

–

 3,253

–

–

–

(3,685)

(855)

Total
€'000

 137,565

 16,350

 212,093

 7,706

 233

(282)

(6,096)

(8,357)

Closing net book amount

 145,584

 184,297

 22,157

 7,174

 359,212

At 3 January 2009

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

 145,584

–

 191,909

(7,612)

 46,653

(24,496)

 8,872

(1,698)

 393,018

(33,806)

Net book amount

 145,584

 184,297

 22,157

 7,174

 359,212

Year ended 2 January 2010

Opening net book amount

Exchange differences

Additions

Reclassification

Amortisation

 145,584

(3,756)

 224

–

–

 184,297

(5,832)

 58

–

(7,750)

 22,157

(101)

 3,653

 75

(4,163)

 7,174

(202)

 2,639

–

(1,945)

 359,212

(9,891)

 6,574

 75

(13,858)

Closing net book amount

 142,052

 170,773

 21,621

 7,666

 342,112

At 2 January 2010

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

 142,052

–

 186,135

(15,362)

 50,280

(28,659)

 11,309

(3,643)

 389,776

(47,664)

Net book amount

 142,052

 170,773

 21,621

 7,666

 342,112

Amortisation expense of €13.9 million (2008: €8.4 million) has been charged to administration expenses during the year.

The remaining amortisation period for software costs is 5 years and development costs is 4 years.

94 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Note 15 (a):  Other intangibles

Year ended 3 January 2009

Opening net book amount

Exchange differences

Acquisition of subsidiaries

Write-off of intangibles

Amortisation

Brands/
know-how
€'000

Customer
relationships
€'000

 9,407

 5,681

 82,855

–

(749)

 11,368

 5,119

 71,173

–

(2,908)

Other
€'000

 3,257

(464)

–

(282)

(160)

Total other
intangibles
€'000

 24,032

 10,336

 154,028

(282)

(3,817)

Closing net book amount

 97,194

 84,752

 2,351

 184,297

At 3 January 2009

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

Net book amount

Year ended 2 January 2010

Opening net book amount

Exchange differences

Additions

Amortisation

 99,616

(2,422)

 89,441

(4,689)

 2,852

(501)

 191,909

(7,612)

 97,194

 84,752

 2,351

 184,297

 97,194

(3,287)

–

(687)

 84,752

(2,774)

–

(6,866)

 2,351

 229

 58

(197)

 184,297

(5,832)

 58

(7,750)

Closing net book amount

 93,220

 75,112

 2,441

 170,773

At 2 January 2010

Cost

Accumulated amortisation

Net book amount

 96,329

(3,109)

 86,667

(11,555)

 3,139

(698)

 186,135

(15,362)

 93,220

 75,112

 2,441

 170,773

Included in intangibles is a carrying value of €85.2 million (2008: €88.4 million) relating primarily to brands/know-how with indefinite
useful lives. In arriving at the conclusion that certain brands/know-how have indefinite useful lives, it has been determined that these
assets will contribute indefinitely to the cash flows of the Group. The factors that result in the durability of these brands/know-how
being capitalised is that there are no material legal, regulatory, contractual or other factors that limit the useful life of these intangibles.
In addition, the likelihood that market based factors could truncate a brand’s life is relatively remote because of the size, diversification
and market share of the brands in question. The remaining amortisation period for the balance of brands/know-how is 12 years and for
other intangibles is 12 years.

Included in customer relationships are individual significant intangible assets of €66.1 million with a remaining amortisation period of
12.5 years. The remaining customer relationships are amortised over a period of 11 years.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

95

Note 15 (b):  Impairment tests for goodwill and indefinite life intangibles
Goodwill is allocated to the Group’s cash generating units. A summary of the goodwill allocation by principle cash generating units is
as follows:

Glanbia Nutritionals Deutschland GmbH

Glanbia Nutritionals (NA), Inc. (formerly Seltzer Companies, Inc.)

Optimum Nutrition, Inc.

2009
€'000

 11,297

 55,838

 59,918

2008
€'000

 11,297

 57,921

 61,915

 127,053

 131,133

Multiple units without individual significant amounts of goodwill

 14,999

 14,451

 142,052

 145,584

Indefinite life intangibles amounting to €85.2 million (2008: €88.4 million) are in the Optimum Nutrition, Inc. cash generating unit within
“brands/know-how”. The recoverable amount of goodwill and indefinite life intangibles allocated to a cash generating unit is
determined based on value in use calculations. These calculations use cash flow projections based on financial budgets approved by
management covering a three year period. Cash flows beyond the three year period are extrapolated using estimated growth rates
which are not in excess of forecast inflation. A rate of zero percent has been used to estimate cash flow growth between three and ten
years, which is consistent with prior years. Key assumptions include management's estimates of future profitability, replacement capital
expenditure requirements and working capital investment. Capital expenditure requirements and profitability are based on the
Group's strategic plans and broadly assume that historic investment patterns will be maintained. Working capital requirements are
forecast to increase in line with activity.

The value in use calculations are prepared using a pre tax discount rate of 6.5%, which is the Group's weighted average cost of capital,
and incorporates terminal values. The above rate is consistent for each cash generating unit. In forecasting terminal values, a multiple
of five to ten times EBITDA is generally used.

16. Investments in associates

At the beginning of the year

Share of profit after tax

Losses recognised directly through the statement of comprehensive
income

Additions

Write-down of investment

Exchange differences

Funding repaid

At the end of the year

2009
Company
€'000

 1,395

–

–

–

–

–

–

2009
Group
€'000

 11,597

 586

(1,038)

 117

(1,078)

(143)

–

2008
Company
€'000

2008
Group
€'000

 1,395

 10,729

–

–

–

–

–

–

 458

–

 610

–

–

(200)

 1,395

 10,041

 1,395

 11,597

96 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

The Group’s share of the results of associates, all of which are unlisted, and it’s share of the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities are
as follows:

2008

Co–operative Animal Health Limited*

South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited*

Malting Company of Ireland Limited

South East Port Services Limited

Westgate Biological Limited

2009

Co-operative Animal Health Limited*

South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society Limited*

Malting Company of Ireland Limited

South East Port Services Limited

Westgate Biological Limited

Greenfield Dairy Partners Limited

Assets
€'000

Liabilities
€'000

Revenues
€'000

Profit/
(loss)
€'000

Interest
held
%

 8,463

 4,837

 5,092

 7,582

 325

 6,219

 832

 2,245

 6,071

 197

 15,411

 1,824

 5,288

 1,792

–

 26,299

 15,564

 24,315

 163

 130

 156

 195

(186)

 458

50.00

57.00

33.33

49.00

49.99

Assets
€'000

Liabilities
€'000

Revenues
€'000

Profit/
(loss)
€'000

Interest
held
%

 8,832

 5,205

 5,268

 7,327

 154

 117

 6,614

 2,121

 2,316

 5,657

 197

–

 16,660

 1,946

 3,723

 1,473

–

–

 26,903

 16,905

 23,802

 276

 180

 102

 201

(173)

–

 586

50.00

57.00

33.33

49.00

49.99

33.33

* 

In accordance with Group accounting policy, Co-operative Animal Health Limited and South Eastern Cattle Breeding Society
Limited are included in the Group result based on the equity method of accounting, as the Group has significant influence over
the entities but not control, due to their co-operative structure.

Further details in relation to principal associates are outlined in note 39.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

97

17. Investments in joint ventures

At the beginning of the year

Share of profit after tax

Gains/(losses) recognised directly through the statement of comprehensive income

Deferred tax movement

Exchange differences

Dividends received

Funding advanced

Write-down of investment

At the end of the year

2009
€'000

 64,895

 9,639

 1,457

 3,445

(3,236)

(17,924)

–

–

2008
€'000

 57,328

 5,901

(2,961)

(2,420)

(224)

(451)

 8,057

(335)

 58,276

 64,895

The following amounts represent the Group’s share of the assets and liabilities, revenue and results in joint ventures:

Assets

Non-current assets

Current assets

Liabilities

Long-term liabilities

Current liabilities

Net assets

Revenue

Expenses

Share of profit after tax

Proportionate interest in joint ventures’ commitments

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 120,033

 60,143

 101,573

 69,598

 180,176

 171,171

 69,686

 52,214

 63,361

 42,915

 121,900

 106,276

 58,276

 64,895

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 273,785

(264,146)

 346,000

(340,099)

 9,639

 5,901

 8,939

 31,812

A listing and description of interests in significant joint ventures is outlined in note 39.

The Group holds 51% of the share capital of Glanbia Cheese but this is considered to be a joint venture as the Group does not have
control of the company.

98 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

18. Available for sale financial assets

At the beginning of the year

Disposals/redemption

Fair value movement recognised directly through
the statement of other comprehensive income

Additions

Available
for sale
financial assets

2009
Group
€'000

 24,112

(550)

(3,367)

 202

Investments

2009
Company
€'000

 460,771

(7,217)

–

–

Available
for sale
financial assets

2008
Group
€'000

 30,089

(2,913)

(3,597)

 533

Investments

2008
Company
€'000

 455,303

–

–

 5,468

At the end of the year

 453,554

 20,397

 460,771

 24,112

There were no impairment provisions on available for sale financial assets or investments in 2009 or 2008.

Investments include the following:

Listed securities

Equity securities – eurozone countries

Unlisted securities

One51 plc

Irish Dairy Board

Glanbia Enterprise Fund Limited

Moorepark Technology

Other Group companies

Other available for sale financial assets

Available
for sale
financial assets

2009
Group
€'000

 155

8,352

10,193

 740

 198

–

 759

Investments

2009
Company
€'000

 1

–

–

 740

–

 452,813

–

Available
for sale
financial assets

2008
Group
€'000

 182

 11,692

 9,986

 1,290

 198

–

Investments

2008
Company
€'000

 1

–

–

 1,290

–

 459,480

–

 764

 453,554

 20,397

 460,771

 24,112

The unlisted equity shares in One51 plc are currently traded on an informal ‘grey’ market. These shares are fair valued by reference to
published bid prices.

Available for sale financial assets are fair valued at each reporting date. For investments traded in active markets, fair value is
determined by reference to Stock Exchange quoted bid prices. For other investments, fair value is estimated by reference to the
current market value of similar instruments or by reference to cash flows discounted using a rate based on the market interest rate and
the risk premium specific to the unlisted securities.

Available for sale financial assets with a carrying value of €11.9 million (2008: €12.2 million) are included at cost. Fair value information
has not been disclosed as it cannot be measured reliably. These available for sale financial assets comprise the following – Irish Dairy
Board, Glanbia Enterprise Fund Limited, Moorepark Technology and other investments. The fair value of these shares cannot be
reliably measured as they are not actively traded and there is not a readily available market for such instruments.

Available for sale financial assets are classified as non-current assets, unless they are expected to be realised within 12 months of the
reporting date or unless they will need to be sold to raise operating capital. All available for sale financial assets are euro denominated.

19. Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables

Less provision for impairment of receivables

Trade receivables – net

Prepayments

Receivables from Joint Ventures & Associates (note 37)

Loans to joint ventures (note 37)

Amounts due from subsidiary companies

Value added tax

Other receivables

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

99

2009
Company
€'000

–

–

–

 30

–

–

2009
Group
€'000

 164,855

(12,035)

 152,820

 14,569

 2,357

 33,718

2008
Company
€'000

–

–

–

 31

–

–

 76,297

–

 48,309

–

–

 5,113

 16,735

–

–

2008
Group
€'000

 152,005

(8,091)

 143,914

 21,562

 2,430

 12,767

–

 6,841

 8,002

 76,327

 225,312

 48,340

 195,516

Less non-current portion: loans to joint ventures (note 37)

–

(33,718)

–

(12,767)

 76,327

 191,594

 48,340

 182,749

In 2009, under a debt purchase agreement with a financial institution, the Group has transferred credit risk and retained late payment
risk on certain trade receivables, amounting to €34.0 million (2008: €37.0 million). The Group has continued to recognise an asset of
€0.4 million (2008: €0.7 million), representing the extent of its continuing involvement, and an associated liability of a similar amount.

The carrying value of receivables are a reasonable approximation of fair value. The net movement in the provision for impairment
of receivables has been included in distribution expenses in the income statement.

As shown in note 5.3, the Group has one significant external customer. Management are satisfied that they have satisfactory credit
control procedures in place in respect of this customer. There is no concentration of risk in respect of other trade receivables.

The Group’s objective is to minimise credit risk by carrying out credit checks where appropriate by the use of credit insurance in certain
situations and by active credit management. Management does not expect any significant losses of receivables that have not been
provided for.

100 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

The carrying amounts of the Group’s trade and other receivables are denominated in the following currencies:

Euro

US dollar

GBP sterling

Other

2009
Company
€'000

 76,327

–

–

–

2009
Group
€'000

 88,412

 95,888

 3,325

 3,969

2008
Company
€'000

 48,340

–

–

–

2008
Group
€'000

 81,658

 89,208

 4,167

 7,716

 76,327

 191,594

 48,340

 182,749

Movement on the Group’s provision for impairment of trade receivables is as follows:

At the beginning of the year

Provision for receivables impairment

Receivables written off during the year as uncollectible

Unused amounts reversed

At the end of the year

2009
€'000

 8,091

 4,696

(356)

(396)

2008
€'000

 7,834

 1,797

(1,194)

(346)

 12,035

 8,091

As of 2 January 2010, trade receivables of €20.5 million (2008: €8.2 million) were impaired. Trade receivable balances are generally
considered for an impairment review when falling due outside trade terms and are normally partially or wholly provided for. The
amount of the provision was €12.0 million (2008: €8.1 million).

The breakdown of impaired trade receivables is as follows:

Past due:

Up to 3 months

3 to 6 months

Over 6 months

2009
€'000

 2,987

 4,533

 13,008

2008
€'000

 2,739

 613

 4,880

 20,528

 8,232

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of receivable mentioned above. The
Group holds charges on property and other assets of certain trade debtors, valued at €8.0 million.

As of 2 January 2010, trade receivables of €31.3 million (2008: €29.6 million) were past due but not impaired, as they are considered
recoverable.

Past due not impaired:

Up to 3 months

3 to 6 months

Over 6 months

2009
€'000

 25,494

 4,267

 1,572

2008
€'000

 17,518

 10,122

 1,997

 31,333

 29,637

20. Inventories

Raw materials

Finished goods

Consumables

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

101

2009
€'000

 29,573

 159,480

 12,524

2008
€'000

 40,009

 216,259

 11,154

 201,577

 267,422

Included in the above are inventories carried at net realisable value amounting to €26.1 million (2008: €115.3 million). The amounts
written off in respect of these inventories was €4.1 million (2008: €18.8 million).

21. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand

Short term bank deposits

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents are not materially different to their book values.

2009
€'000

 38,831

 113,958

2008
€'000

 22,998

 109,574

 152,789

 132,572

102 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

22. Reconciliation of changes in equity

Other reserves

Share capital
and share
 premium
€'000
(note 23)

Capital and
merger
reserves
€'000
(notes a & b)

Currency
reserve
€'000
(note c)

Fair value
reserve
€'000
(note d)

Retained
earnings
€'000
(note 24)

Minority
interests
€'000
(note 25)

Total
€'000

Balance at 29 December 2007

 98,450

 116,934

(22,481)

 13,456

 21,176

 7,040  234,575

Currency translation differences
Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes
Deferred tax on actuarial loss
Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates
Revaluation of interest rate swaps – loss in year
Foreign exchange contracts – loss in year
Transfers to income statement
– Foreign exchange contracts – gain in year
– Forward commodity contracts – gain in year
– Interest rate swaps – loss in year
– Sale of quoted investments – gain in year
Revaluation of forward commodity contracts – loss in year
Revaluation of available for sale financial assets – loss in
year
Deferred tax on fair value movements
Profit for the year
Shares issued
Premium on shares issued
Shares purchased
Cost of share options
Discount on options
Dividends paid during the year

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
 13
 347
(1,665)
–
 175
–

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
 827
(175)
–

 17,251
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
(16,508)
(484)

(342)
(11)
 477
(2,910)
(519)

(3,597)

 964
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
(68,246)
 7,084
(204)
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
 78,399
–
–
–
–
–
(18,502)

–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–

–

–
 970
–
–
–
–
–
–

 17,251
(68,246)
 7,084
(204)
(16,508)
(484)

(342)
(11)
 477
(2,910)
(519)

(3,597)

 964
 79,369
 13
 347
(1,665)
 827
–
(18,502)

Balance at 3 January 2009

 97,320

 117,586

(5,230)

(9,474)

 19,707

 8,010  227,919

Currency translation differences
Exceptional foreign exchange loss
Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes
Deferred tax on actuarial loss
Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates
Revaluation of interest rate swaps – loss in year
Foreign exchange contracts – loss in year
Transfers to income statement
– Foreign exchange contracts – loss in year
– Forward commodity contracts – loss in year
– Interest rate swaps – loss in year
Revaluation of forward commodity contracts – gain in year
Revaluation of available for sale financial assets – loss in
year
Deferred tax on fair value movements
Profit for the year
Cost of share options
Transfer between reserves
Dividends paid during the year

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
 187
 648
–

(12,022)
 18,280
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
(648)
–

–
–
–
–
–
(3,690)
(983)

 903
 716
 8,163
 5

(3,367)

(503)
–
–
–
–

–
–
(31,215)
 2,684
(1,364)
–
–

–
–
–
–

–

–
–
–
–
–
–
–

–
–
–
–

–

–
 112,676
–
–
(19,484)

–
 483
–
–
(2,000)

(12,022)
 18,280
(31,215)
 2,684
(1,364)
(3,690)
(983)

 903
 716
 8,163
 5

(3,367)

(503)
 113,159
 187
–
(21,484)

Balance at 2 January 2010

 97,320

 118,421

 380

(8,230)

 83,004

 6,493  297,388

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

103

Note 22 (a):  Capital reserve
The capital reserve reflects charges relating to granting of both shares and options under the 2002 LTIP, 2007 LTIP and 2008 LTIP
schemes.

At the beginning of the year

Sharesave Scheme – discount on options

Transfer from trade and other payables – share options

Transfer between reserves

Cost of share options

At the end of the year

2009
Company
€'000

2009
Group
€'000

2008
Company
€'000

 5,839

 4,438

–

 438

–

 167

–

–

 648

 187

 5,187

(175)

–

–

 827

2008
Group
€'000

 3,786

(175)

–

–

 827

 6,444

 5,273

 5,839

 4,438

Note 22 (b):  Merger reserve
The merger adjustment represents the difference between the nominal value of the issued share capital of Waterford Foods plc and
the fair value of the shares issued by Avonmore Foods plc in 1997 (now named Glanbia plc).

Share premium – representing excess of fair value over nominal value of ordinary shares issued in
connection with the merger of Avonmore Foods plc and Waterford Foods plc

Merger adjustment

Share premium and other reserves relating to nominal value of shares in Waterford Foods plc

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 355,271

 355,271

(327,085)

 84,962

(327,085)

 84,962

 113,148

 113,148

Note 22 (c):  Currency reserve
The currency reserve reflects the foreign exchange gains and losses that form part of the net investment in foreign operations. Where
Group companies have a functional currency different from the presentation currency, their assets and liabilities are translated at the
closing rate at the reporting date, income and expenses in the income statement are translated at the average rate for the year,
resulting exchange differences are taken to the currency reserve within equity.

Note 22 (d):  Fair value reserve
The fair value reserve reflects the effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash
flow hedges. Amounts accumulated in the fair value reserve are recycled to the income statement in the periods when the hedged item
affects income or expense. Unrealised gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of available for sale financial assets are
recognised in the fair value reserve. When such available for sale financial assets are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value
adjustments are recycled to the income statement.

104 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

23. Share capital and share premium

Company

At 29 December 2007

Discount on options

Shares purchased

Issue of shares – option scheme

Number of
shares
(thousands)

Ordinary
shares
€'000

Company
Share premium
€'000

 293,347

 17,600

 436,527

–

–

 209

–

–

 13

–

–

 347

Own
shares
€'000
note (a)

(409)

 175

(1,665)

–

Company
Total
€'000

 453,718

 175

(1,665)

 360

At 3 January 2009 and 2 January 2010

 293,556

 17,613

 436,874

(1,899)

 452,588

Group

At 29 December 2007

Discount on options

Shares purchased

Issue of shares – option scheme

Number of
shares
(thousands)

Ordinary
shares
€'000

Group
Share premium
€'000

 293,347

 17,600

 81,259

–

–

 209

–

–

 13

–

–

 347

Own
shares
€'000
Note (a)

(409)

 175

(1,665)

–

Group
Total
€'000

 98,450

 175

(1,665)

 360

At 3 January 2009 and 2 January 2010

 293,556

 17,613

 81,606

(1,899)

 97,320

The total authorised number of ordinary shares is 306 million shares (2008: 306 million shares) with a par value of €0.06 per share (2008:
€0.06 per share). All issued shares are fully paid.

Note 23 (a):  Own shares
The amount included above as own shares relates to 570,054 (2008: 570,054) ordinary shares in Glanbia plc held by an Employee Share
Trust which was established in May 2002 to operate in connection with the Company's Saving Related Share Option Scheme
('Sharesave Scheme'). The trustee of the Employee Share Trust is Halifax EES Trustees International Limited; a Jersey based trustee
services company.

The shares included in the Employee Share Trust at 2 January 2010 cost €1.9 million and had a market value of €1.6 million at 2 January
2010. The dividend rights in respect of these shares have been waived, save 0.001 pence per share.

Shares purchased under the 2007 LTIP scheme and the 2008 LTIP scheme are deemed to be own shares in accordance with IAS 32 –
Financial Instruments: Presentation.

Note 23 (b):  2002 Long Term Incentive Plan (‘the 2002 LTIP’)
Share options are granted to Directors and to employees. Movements in the number of share options outstanding are as follows:

At the beginning of the year

Granted

Exercised

Lapsed

2009
Average
exercise price
in € per share

2009
Number
of
options

2008
Average
exercise price
in € per share

2.35

2.29

–

–

 2,258,000

 50,000

–

–

2.52

–

1.72

4.25

2008
Number
of
options

 2,792,000

–

(209,000)

(325,000)

At the end of the year

2.35

 2,308,000

2.35

 2,258,000

Expiry date in

2012

2013

2014

2014

2016

2017

2019

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

105

Exercise price
€

1.55

1.90

2.47

2.73

2.87

4.03

2.29

2009
number

 782,000

 160,000

 100,000

2008
number

 782,000

 160,000

 100,000

 1,000,000

 1,000,000

 50,000

 166,000

 50,000

 50,000

 166,000

–

 2,308,000

 2,258,000

Total options over 2,308,000 (2008: 2,258,000) ordinary shares were outstanding at 2 January 2010 under the 2002 Long Term Incentive
Plan (‘the 2002 LTIP’), at prices ranging between €1.55 and €4.03. Furthermore, in accordance with the terms of the 2002 LTIP, certain
executives to whom options were granted in 2002 and 2004 are eligible to receive share awards related to the number of ordinary
shares which they hold on the second anniversary of the exercise of the option, to a maximum of 118,600 (2008: 118,600) ordinary
shares. The cost of the 2002 LTIP charged in the Group income statement is €84,208.

Under the 2002 LTIP options cannot be exercised before the expiration of three years from the date of grant and can only be exercised
if a predetermined performance criterion for the Group has been achieved. The performance criterion is that there has been an
increase in the adjusted earnings per share of the Group of at least the Consumer Price Index plus 5% over a three year period.

The fair value of share options has been calculated using the Trinomial Model. Options over 2,092,000 (2008: 2,042,000) ordinary shares
were exercisable at 2 January 2010 at a weighted average price of €2.21 (2008: €2.20).

The weighted average life for share options outstanding is four years.

Note 23 (c):  2007 Long Term Incentive Plan (‘the 2007 LTIP’) and 2008 Long Term Incentive Plan (‘the 2008 LTIP’)
Arising from a review of the Group’s compensation arrangements for senior managers and executive Directors, the Directors approved
the introduction of the 2007 LTIP for selected senior managers and the shareholders approved the introduction of the 2008 LTIP for
selected senior managers and executive Directors. Awards outstanding under the 2007 LTIP and the 2008 LTIP as at 2 January 2010
amounted to 169,500 ordinary shares (2008: 169,500) and 1,201,000 ordinary shares (2008: 583,000) respectively.

The LTIP schemes are tied 50% to achievement of targeted EPS growth and 50% to Total Shareholder Return (TSR).

The TSR element is assessed against a group of leading peer companies and the EPS element is measured against pre-set targeted
adjusted EPS growth criteria for the Group. The maximum award under the 2007 LTIP scheme is 115% of base salary per annum in the
form of conditional shares and the vesting period is three years. With regard to the 2008 LTIP, an award shall not vest unless the
Remuneration Committee is satisfied that the Company’s underlying financial performance has shown a sustained improvement in the
period since the date of grant.

Shares awarded under the Group’s LTIP schemes are equity settled share based payments as defined in IFRS 2 – Share Based
Payments. The IFRS requires that a recognised valuation methodology be employed to determine the fair value of shares awarded and
stipulates that this methodology should be consistent with methodologies used for pricing of financial instruments. The combined
expense of €103,044 (2008 LTIP: €40,062, 2007 LTIP: €62,982) charged in the Group income statement has been arrived at through
applying a Monte Carlo simulation technique to model the combination of market and non-market based performance conditions of
the plan.

The 2007 LTIP
Impact on Group income statement
The total expense is analysed as follows:

Granted in 2007

Share price
at date
of award
€

Period to
earliest
release date

Number
of shares

Fair value
€

Expense in
Group income
statement
2009
€'000

Expense in
Group income
statement
2008
 €'000

2007 Long Term Incentive Plan

4.03

1 year

 169,500

3.85

63

210

106 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Shares awarded under the 2007 LTIP are nil based payments. The 2007 awards will expire in 2011.

The fair value of the shares awarded was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation technique taking account of peer group total
share return volatilities and correlations together with the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate

Expected volatility

Dividend yield

4%

25%

2%

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price over a period equivalent to the
expected life of the option.

The 2008 LTIP
Impact on Group income statement
The total expense is analysed as follows:

Share price
at date
of award
€

Period to
earliest
release date

Number
of shares

Fair value
€

Expense in
Group income
statement
2009
€'000

Expense in
Group income
statement
2008
€'000

Granted in 2008

2008 Long Term Incentive Plan

4.45

2 years

 583,000

4.32

(153)

 678

Granted in 2009

2008 Long Term Incentive Plan

2.72

3 years

 618,000

2.57

 193

–

Shares awarded under the 2008 LTIP are nil based payments. The 2008 and 2009 awards will expire in 2012 and 2013 respectively.

The number of options granted in 2008, expected to vest has decreased, resulting in a credit to the income statement during the year.

The fair value of the shares awarded was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation technique taking account of peer group total
share return volatilities and correlations together with the following assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate

Expected volatility

Dividend yield

Granted in
2009

Granted in
2008

2%

35%

2%

4%

29%

1%

Expected volatility was determined by calculating the historical volatility of the Company’s share price over a period equivalent to the
expected life of the option.

24. Retained earnings

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

107

Company
retained
earnings
€'000

Group
retained
earnings
€'000

Group
goodwill
write-off
€'000

Group
Total
€'000

Balance at 29 December 2007

 18,354

 114,137

(92,961)

 21,176

Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes

Deferred tax on actuarial loss

Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates

Net expense recognised directly in other comprehensive income

Profit for the year

–

–

–

–

 36,204

(68,246)

 7,084

(204)

(61,366)

 78,399

Total comprehensive income for the year

 36,204

 17,033

Dividends paid during the year

(18,502)

(18,502)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(68,246)

 7,084

(204)

(61,366)

 78,399

 17,033

(18,502)

Balance at 3 January 2009

 36,056

 112,668

(92,961)

 19,707

Actuarial loss – defined benefit schemes

Deferred tax on actuarial loss

Share of actuarial loss – Joint Ventures & Associates

Net expense recognised directly in other comprehensive income

Profit for the year

–

–

–

–

 43,341

(31,215)

 2,684

(1,364)

(29,895)

 112,676

Total comprehensive income for the year

 43,341

 82,781

Dividends paid during the year

(19,484)

(19,484)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(31,215)

 2,684

(1,364)

(29,895)

 112,676

 82,781

(19,484)

Balance at 2 January 2010

 59,913

 175,965

(92,961)

 83,004

25. Minority interests

At the beginning of the year

Share of profit for the year

Dividends paid to minority interests during the year

At the end of the year

2009
€'000

 8,010

 483

(2,000)

2008
€'000

 7,040

 970

–

 6,493

 8,010

108 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

26. Borrowings

Current

Bank overdrafts/borrowings

Finance lease liabilities

Non-current

Bank borrowings

Cumulative redeemable preference shares

Finance lease liabilities

2009
Company
€'000

 9,550

–

2009
Group
€'000

–

 945

2008
Company
€'000

 13,740

–

2008
Group
€'000

 14,401

 880

 9,550

 945

 13,740

 15,281

–

–

–

–

 526,803

 63,487

 4,172

 594,462

–

–

–

–

 500,742

 63,487

 5,145

 569,374

Total borrowings

 9,550

 595,407

 13,740

 584,655

Bank borrowings are secured by cross-guarantees from Group companies. Lease liabilities are effectively secured as the rights to the
leased asset revert to the lessor in the event of default.

The maturity of non-current borrowings is as follows:

Between 1 and 2 years

Between 2 and 5 years

Over 5 years

2009
€'000

 982

 593,480

–

2008
€'000

 926

 503,824

 64,624

 594,462

 569,374

The exposure of the Group’s total borrowings to interest rate changes having consideration for the contractual repricing dates
at the reporting date are as follows:

6 months or less

Between 2 and 5 years

Over 5 years

2009
€'000

 336,803

 258,604

–

2008
€'000

 325,143

 190,000

 69,512

 595,407

 584,655

The effective interest rates at the reporting date, were as follows:

EUR

GBP

USD

CAD

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

2009

2008

Bank overdrafts

Bank borrowings

1.18% 3.55% 1.10% 2.60% 5.25% 5.25% 3.25% 4.50%

3.40% 4.34% 1.16% 3.76% 1.04% 2.57% 1.26% 3.32%

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

109

The carrying amounts and fair values of non-current borrowings are as follows:

Carrying
amount
2009
€'000

Carrying
amount
2008
€'000

Fair
values
2009
€'000

Fair
values
2008
€'000

Non-current borrowings

 594,462

 569,374

 589,283

 571,306

The carrying value of current borrowings approximates their fair value.

The carrying amounts of the Group’s total borrowings are denominated in the following currencies:

Euro

GBP sterling

US dollar

Canadian dollar

The Group has the following undrawn borrowing facilities:

Expiring within 1 year

Expiring beyond 1 year

Finance lease liabilities – minimum lease payments:

12 months or less

Between 1 and 2 years

Between 2 and 5 years

Over 5 years

Future finance charges on finance leases

2009
€'000

 458,168

–

 126,605

 10,634

2008
€'000

 287,143

 22,348

 265,159

 10,005

 595,407

 584,655

2009
€'000

 16,286

 138,795

2008
€'000

 31,803

 67,302

 155,081

 99,105

2009
€'000

 1,149

 1,149

 3,447

–

 5,745

(628)

2008
€'000

 1,197

 1,197

 3,588

 1,197

 7,179

(1,154)

Present value of finance lease liabilities

 5,117

 6,025

The present value of finance lease liabilities is as follows:

12 months or less

Between 1 and 2 years

Between 2 and 5 years

Over 5 years

2009
€'000

945

982

3,190

–

2008
€'000

880

926

3,082

1,137

5,117

6,025

110 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

27. Deferred income taxes

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current
tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes relate to the same fiscal authority. The following amounts, determined after
appropriate offsetting, are shown in the consolidated statement of financial position:

Deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax liability

The gross movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows:

At the beginning of the year

Income statement – pre exceptional charge (note 11)

Income statement – exceptional charge

Acquisition of subsidiary and purchase of intellectual property

Deferred tax charge/(credit) to the fair value reserve (note 22)

Deferred tax credit relating to the actuarial loss in the year (note 22)

Exchange differences

At the end of the year

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

(12,022)

(25,380)

 66,337

 59,056

 54,315

 33,676

2009
€'000

 33,676

 12,740

 12,512

–

 503

(2,684)

(2,432)

2008
€'000

 15,915

 1,416

 181

 20,631

(964)

(7,084)

 3,581

 54,315

 33,676

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

111

The movement in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year, without taking into consideration the offsetting of balances within
the same tax jurisdiction, is as follows:

Deferred tax liabilities

At 29 December 2007

(Credited)/charged to income statement

Credited to other comprehensive income (note 22)

Acquisition of subsidiaries and intellectual property

Exchange differences

At 3 January 2009

Charged/(credited) to income statement

Charged to other comprehensive income (note 22)

Exchange differences

At 2 January 2010

Deferred tax assets

At 29 December 2007

Charged/(credited) to income statement

Credited to other comprehensive income (note 22)

Exchange differences

At 3 January 2009

Charged to income statement

Credited to other comprehensive income (note 22)

Exchange differences

At 2 January 2010

Accelerated
tax
depreciation
€'000

Fair value
gains
€'000

Deferred
development
costs
€'000

 26,653

(1,798)

–

–

 831

 3,933

–

(964)

–

–

 532

 309

–

–

 45

Other
€'000

 6,469

 2,147

–

 20,631

 268

Total
€'000

 37,587

 658

(964)

 20,631

 1,144

 25,686

 2,969

 886

 29,515

 59,056

 9,271

–

(787)

–

503

–

 130

–

(20)

(861)

–

(955)

 8,540

503

(1,762)

 34,170

 3,472

 996

 27,699

 66,337

Retirement
obligations
€'000

Tax
losses
€'000

Total
€'000

(11,199)

(10,473)

(21,672)

 1,196

(7,084)

–

(257)

–

 2,437

 939

(7,084)

 2,437

(17,087)

(8,293)

(25,380)

 13,684

(2,684)

–

 3,028

–

(670)

 16,712

(2,684)

(670)

(6,087)

(5,935)

(12,022)

2009
€'000

(427)

 930

(2,684)

2008
€'000

(752)

(212)

(7,084)

(2,181)

(8,048)

The deferred tax credited to other comprehensive income during the year is as follows:

Fair value reserve in equity

– Available for sale financial assets

– Hedging reserve

Impact of increase in retirement benefit obligations due to actuarial loss

The decrease in the retirement benefit obligation has given rise to a decrease in the related deferred tax asset. A deferred tax asset
has been recognised on the basis that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for tax losses carry forwards to the extent that realisation of the related tax benefit through future
taxable profits is probable. The Group has unrecognised tax losses of €14.8 million (2008: €11.1 million) to carry forward against future
taxable income. Deferred tax liabilities have not been recognised for withholding tax and other taxes that would be payable on the
unremitted earnings of certain subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures.

112 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

28. Retirement benefit obligations

Pension benefits
The Group operates a number of defined benefit and defined contribution schemes which provide retirement and death benefits for
the majority of employees. The schemes are funded through separate Trustee controlled funds.

The contributions paid to the defined benefit schemes are in accordance with the advice of professionally qualified actuaries. The latest
actuarial valuation reports for these schemes, which are not available for public inspection, are dated between 1 October 2006 and 1
January 2009. The contributions paid to the scheme in 2009 are in accordance with the contribution rates recommended in the actuarial
valuation reports.

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows:

Present value of funded obligations

Fair value of plan assets

Liability in the Group statement of financial position

The amounts recognised in the Group income statement are as follows:

Service costs – current

Interest costs

Expected return on plan assets

Total expense pre curtailment

Exceptional item – curtailment gains and negative past service cost (note 7 and note 8)

Total gain/(loss)

Defined contribution

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

(435,010)

 349,245

(465,909)

 301,499

(85,765)

(164,410)

2009
€'000

(5,515)

(23,635)

 16,383

(12,767)

 100,098

2008
€'000

(7,594)

(23,147)

 22,828

(7,913)

 376

 87,331

(7,537)

(2,146)

(1,719)

The actual return on plan assets was a profit of €28.7 million (2008: €81.4 million loss).

The movement in the liability recognised in the Group statement of financial position over the year is as follows:

At the beginning of the year

Exchange differences

Movements relating to disposed operations

Total expense pre curtailment gains and negative past service costs

Curtailment gains and negative past service costs

Actuarial loss - defined benefit schemes

Contributions paid by employer

At the end of the year

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

(164,410)

(114,248)

(1,821)

(1,280)

(12,767)

 100,098

(31,215)

 25,630

 6,101

(500)

(7,913)

 376

(68,246)

 20,020

(85,765)

(164,410)

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

113

The movement in obligations during the year is as follows:

At the beginning of the year
Exchange differences

Movements relating to disposed operations

Current service costs

Interest costs

Actuarial gains/(losses)

– Experience gains/(losses)

– Change in assumptions

Contributions by plan participants

Curtailment gains and negative past service costs

Benefits paid

At the end of the year

The movement in the fair value of plan assets over the year is as follows:

At the beginning of the year
Exchange differences

Movements relating to disposed operations

Expected return on plan assets

Actuarial gain/(loss)

Contributions by plan participants

Contributions by employer

Benefits paid

At the end of the year

The principal actuarial assumptions used were as follows:

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

(465,909)

(496,769)

(4,800)

(4,131)

(5,515)

(23,635)

 5,366

(48,895)

(3,796)

 100,098

 16,207

 17,833

(4,208)

(7,594)

(23,147)

(3,175)

 39,158

(4,163)

 376

 15,780

(435,010)

(465,909)

2009
€'000

 301,499

 2,979

 2,851

 16,383

 12,314

 3,796

 25,630

(16,207)

2008
€'000

 382,521

(11,732)

 3,708

 22,828

(104,229)

 4,163

 20,020

(15,780)

 349,245

 301,499

Discount rate

Expected return on plan assets

– Equities

– Corporate bonds

– Government bonds and gilts

– Cash

– Property

– Other assets

Inflation rate

Future salary increases

Future pension increases

Cumulative actuarial losses:

Actuarial loss for the year

Cumulative actuarial losses

2009
IRL

2009
UK

2008
IRL

2008
UK

5.65%

5.80%

5.90%

6.60%

7.75%

5.80%

4.45%

2.50%

6.50%

7.75%

2.25%

2.25%–3.25%

8.25%

5.80%

4.50%

4.10%

8.00%

n/a

3.45%

4.20%

8.25%

4.25%

4.25%

3.25%

7.25%

7.25%

2.50%

3.50%

0%–3.50%

3.25% 1.50%–3.50%

8.70%

6.70%

3.90%

3.50%

7.80%

7.80%

3.10%

3.85%

3.00%

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 31,215

 68,246

 155,206

 123,991

114 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Plan assets are comprised as follows:

Equity

Corporate bonds

Government bonds and gilts

Property

Cash

2009
€'000

177,273

34,522

86,426

20,638

30,386

2009
%

50

10

25

6

9

2008
€'000

125,893

11,112

84,195

40,392

39,907

2008
%

42

4

28

13

13

349,245

100

301,499

100

The expected return on plan assets was determined by considering the expected returns available on the assets underlying the current
investment policy. Expected yields on fixed interest investments are based on gross redemption yields at the reporting date. Expected
returns on equity and property reflect long-term real rates of return experienced in the respective markets.

Following a detailed review of the Group’s schedule of contributions during the year, contributions to post-employment benefit plans
are expected to be €20.0 million in 2010.

Mortality rates

Assumptions regarding future mortality experience are set based on actuarial advice in accordance with published statistics and
experience in each territory. The mortality assumptions imply the following life expectancies in years of an active member on retiring
at age 65, 20 years from now:

Male

Female

2009
Irish
mortality
rates

2009
UK
mortality
rates

2008
Irish
mortality
rates

2008
UK
mortality
rates

21.5

24.2

24.8

27.4

20.0

22.9

24.0

26.8

The mortality assumptions imply the following life expectancies in years of an active member, aged 65, retiring now:

Male

Female

2009
Irish
mortality
rates

2009
UK
mortality
rates

2008
Irish
mortality
rates

2008
UK
mortality
rates

19.2

21.9

23.0

25.8

18.9

21.8

22.9

25.8

Five year summary

At the end of the year

Fair value of plan assets

Present value of funded obligations

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

2007
€'000

2006
€'000

2005
€'000

 349,245

(435,010)

 301,499

(465,909)

 382,521

(496,769)

 376,585

(501,473)

 338,829

(503,845)

Deficit

(85,765)

(164,410)

(114,248)

(124,888)

(165,016)

Experience adjustments on plan liabilities

 5,366

(3,175)

(7,160)

(12,651)

(2,037)

Experience adjustments on plan assets

 12,314

(104,229)

(32,542)

 11,575

 28,383

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

115

Sensitivity analysis for principal assumptions used to measure scheme liabilities
There are inherent uncertainties surrounding the financial assumptions adopted in calculating the actuarial valuation of the Group’s
defined benefit pension schemes. The following table analyses, for the Group’s Irish and UK pension schemes, the estimated impact on
the plan liabilities resulting from changes to key actuarial assumptions, whilst holding all other assumptions constant.

2009

Assumption

Discount rate

Price inflation

Mortality

2008

Assumption

Discount rate

Price inflation

Mortality

Change in assumption

Impact on Irish plan liabilities

Impact on UK plan liabilities

Increase/decrease 0.25%

Increase/decrease by 3.8%

Decrease/increase by 4.7%

Increase/decrease 0.25%

Increase/decrease by 1.4%

Decrease/increase by 3.1%

Increase/decrease by one year

Increase/decrease by 3.8%

Decrease/increase by 2.1%

Change in assumption

Impact on Irish plan liabilities

Impact on UK plan liabilities

Increase/decrease 0.25%

Increase/decrease by 4.3%

Decrease/increase by 4.7%

Increase/decrease 0.25%

Increase/decrease by 2.4%

Decrease/increase by 3.0%

Increase/decrease by one year

Increase/decrease by 3.7%

Decrease/increase by 2.1%

29. Provisions for other liabilities and charges

At 3 January 2009

Provided in the year (note 7)

Utilised in the year

Exchange differences

Unwinding of discounts

At 2 January 2010

Non-current

Current

Restructuring
€'000

UK pension
€'000

note (a)

note (b)

Other
€'000

note (c)

Total
€'000

 19,437

 1,334

 7,617

 28,388

 15,055

(14,136)

–

–

 21,088

(2,501)

 165

–

 1,435

(1,480)

 242

(812)

 37,578

(18,117)

 407

(812)

 20,356

 20,086

 7,002

 47,444

–

 20,356

 17,309

 2,777

 2,824

 4,178

 20,133

 27,311

 20,356

 20,086

 7,002

 47,444

(a)  The restructuring provision relates primarily to the rationalisation programme Glanbia is currently undertaking. The provision

which relates mainly to redundancy is expected to be fully utilised during 2010.

(b)  The UK pension provision relates to administration and certain costs associated with pension schemes relating to businesses

disposed of in prior years. This provision is expected to be fully utilised over the next 34 years.

(c) 

Included in ‘Other’ above are provisions in respect of property lease commitments, deferred consideration in respect of recent
acquisitions, insurance and certain legal claims pending against the Group. It is expected that €4.2 million of this provision will be
utilised during 2010, with the balance being utilised over a further five year period. Due to the nature of these items, there is some
uncertainty around the amount and timing of payments.

30. Capital grants

At 3 January 2009

Receivable for the year

Exchange differences

Released to income statement

At 2 January 2010

2009
€'000

 12,694

 7,114

 11

(1,237)

2008
€'000

 3,535

 9,802

(43)

(600)

 18,582

 12,694

116 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

31. Trade and other payables

Trade payables

Amounts due to Joint Ventures & Associates (note 37)

Amounts due to other related parties (note 37)

Social security costs

Accrued expenses

Other payables

2009
Company
€'000

 14

–

–

–

 2,767

–

2009
Group
€'000

 113,161

 31,095

 360

 3,153

 116,273

 1,870

2008
Company
€'000

–

–

–

–

 2,283

–

2008
Group
€'000

 116,132

 39,723

 1,148

 3,576

 188,965

 1,908

 2,781

 265,912

 2,283

 351,452

The carrying value of payables is a reasonable approximation of fair value.

32. Derivative financial instruments

Interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps – fair value hedges
Forward foreign exchange contracts – cash flow hedges
Commodity futures – cash flow hedges
Commodity futures – fair value hedges

2009
Assets
€'000

–
 5,848
 2,085
 1,933
 353

2009
Liabilities
€'000

(11,057)
(1,606)
(3,041)
(189)
(353)

2008
Assets
€'000

–
 4,156
 2,400
 236
 6,340

2008
Liabilities
€'000

(14,957)
(1,657)
(2,459)
(650)
(6,340)

Total

 10,219

(16,246)

 13,132

(26,063)

Less non-current portion:
Interest rate swaps – cash flow hedges
Interest rate swaps – fair value hedges
Commodity futures – fair value hedges

Non-current portion

Current portion

–
 2,718
–

(5,631)
–
–

–
 2,501
 253

(8,388)
(607)
(253)

 2,718

(5,631)

 2,754

(9,248)

 7,501

(10,615)

 10,378

(16,815)

Interest rate swaps
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts, qualifying as cash flow hedges at 2 January 2010 were
€236.2 million (2008: €317.6 million).

The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts, qualifying as fair value hedges at 2 January 2010 were
€265.1 million (2008: €265.1 million).

At 2 January 2010, the fixed interest rates vary from 3.665% to 4.94% (2008: 3.665% to 4.94%) and the main floating rates are set in
advance by reference to inter-bank interest rates (1.153% EURIBOR, 0.45575% $LIBOR).

Gains and losses recognised in the fair value reserve in equity on interest rate swap contracts at 2 January 2010 will be continuously
released to the income statement until repayment of the bank borrowings.

Foreign exchange contracts
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding foreign exchange contracts at 2 January 2010 are €225.9 million (2008: €78.3 million).

Gains and losses recognised in the fair value reserve in equity on foreign exchange contracts at 2 January 2010 will be released to the
income statement at various dates within one year from the reporting date.

Commodity futures
The notional principal amounts of the outstanding commodity (milk, gas, oil and propane) futures, qualifying as cash flow hedges and
fair value hedges at 2 January 2010 were €6.4 million and €36.8 million respectively (2008: €5.6 million and €28.8 million). Gains and
losses recognised in the fair value reserve in other comprehensive income on these futures as at 2 January 2010 will be released to the
income statement at various dates within one year from the reporting date.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

117

Financial guarantee contracts
In accordance with Group accounting policy, management has reviewed the fair values associated with financial guarantee contracts, as
defined within IAS 39 - Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, issued in the name of Glanbia plc (the Company) and has
determined that their value is not significant. Therefore no adjustment has been made to the Glanbia plc company statement of
financial position to reflect fair value of the financial guarantee contracts issued in its name.

33. Contingent liabilities

Company
The Company has guaranteed the liabilities of certain subsidiaries in Ireland in respect of any losses or liabilities (as defined in section
5(c) of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1986) for the year ended 2 January 2010 and the Directors are of the opinion that no losses
will arise thereon. These subsidiaries avail of the exemption from the filing of audited financial statements, as permitted by section 17
of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 1986.

The Group recognises a defined benefit liability and incurs administration and certain other costs in relation to it’s UK pension schemes
for businesses disposed of in prior years, as outlined in note 28 and note 29. In addition, the Company has guaranteed the payment of
a proportion of employer contributions in respect of these UK pension schemes. The Company considers these guarantees to be
insurance contracts and accounts for them as such. The Company treats the guarantee contract as a contingent liability until such time
as it becomes probable that the Company will be required to make a payment under the guarantee.

Group
Bank guarantees amounting to €10.5 million (2008: €4.5 million) are outstanding as at 2 January 2010, mainly in respect of payment of
EU subsidies. The Group does not expect any material loss to arise from these guarantees.

34. Commitments

Capital commitments
Capital expenditure contracted for at the reporting date but not recognised in the financial statements is as follows:

Property, plant and equipment

Capital commitments not contracted for at the reporting date amounted to €44.4 million (2008: €40.8 million).

2009
€'000

2008
€'000

 2,260

 20,050

Operating lease commitments – where the Group is the lessee
The Group leases various assets. Generally operating leases are on a short-term basis with no purchase options. The future aggregate
minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

Not later than 1 year

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years

Later than 5 years

2009
€'000

 6,750

 18,232

 12,951

2008
€'000

 7,736

 20,255

 5,390

 37,933

 33,381

118 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

35. Cash generated from operations

2009
Company
€'000

2009
Group
€'000

2008
Company
€'000

2008
Group
€'000

Profit before taxation

 43,341

 143,032

 36,204

 100,005

Development costs capitalised

Impairment charge

Non-cash exceptional (gain)/loss (note 7)

Share of results of Joint Ventures & Associates

Depreciation

Amortisation

Cost of share options

Difference between pension charge and cash contributions

Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment

Profit on disposal of investments

Interest income

Interest expense

Amortisation of government grants received

–

–

–

–

–

–

 167

–

–

(12,891)

–

–

–

(2,639)

 1,078

(45,675)

(10,225)

 28,735

 13,858

 187

(12,863)

(716)

–

(5,542)

 29,576

(1,237)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

(3,252)

 620

 16,914

(6,359)

 25,789

 8,357

 827

(12,483)

(5,319)

–

(5,590)

 26,695

(600)

Cash generated from operations before changes in working capital

 30,617

 137,569

 36,204

 145,604

Change in net working capital:

– Decrease/(increase) in inventory

– (Increase)/decrease in short term receivables

– Increase/(decrease) in short term liabilities

– (Decrease)/increase in provisions

–

(7,991)

 498

–

 71,568

(10,504)

(78,077)

(15,846)

–

(32,266)

 749

–

(20,888)

 27,088

(1,481)

(3,377)

Cash generated from operations

 23,124

 104,710

 4,687

 146,946

36. Business combinations

In August 2008, Glanbia plc acquired the US based sports nutritional business, Optimum Nutrition, Inc. (Optimum). Optimum
manufactures, markets and retails whey based, premium nutritional ingredients for the US and global sports nutrition markets.

A final adjustment to consideration payable on the Optimum acquisition was made during the year, resulting in an adjustment to
goodwill of €0.2 million.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

119

37. Related party transactions

The Group is controlled by Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited (‘the Society’), which holds 54.6% of the issued share capital of the
Company and is the ultimate parent of the Group.

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

(a)   Sales of goods and services

Sales of goods:
– Associates
– Joint ventures
– Key management*

Sales of services:
– The Society
– Associates
– Joint ventures
– Subsidiaries

2009
Company
€'000

2009
Group
€'000

2008
Company
€'000

–
–
–

–

–
–
–
 11,241

 5,497
 52,613
 659

 58,769

 880
 18
 4,722
–

–
–
–

–

–
–
–
 17,651

2008
Group
€'000

 5,875
 69,484
 829

 76,188

 212
 22
 6,429
–

 11,241

 5,620

 17,651

 6,663

Sales to related parties were carried out under normal commercial terms and conditions.

(b)   Purchases of goods and services

Purchases of goods:
– Associates
– Joint ventures
– Key management*

Purchases of services:
– The Society
– Associates
– Joint ventures
– Subsidiaries

2009
Company
€'000

2009
Group
€'000

2008
Company
€'000

–
–
–

–

–
–
–
 1,996

 10,431
 3,339
 1,737

 15,507

 290
 1,660
 307,282
–

–
–
–

–

–
–
–
 2,139

2008
Group
€'000

 10,468
 5,467
 2,646

 18,581

–
 2,470
 424,680
–

 1,996

 309,232

 2,139

 427,150

Purchases from related parties were carried out under normal commercial terms and conditions.

(c)   Key management compensation1

Salaries and other short-term employee benefits
Post-employment benefits
Share based payments

2009
Company
€'000

–
–
–

–

2009
Group
€'000

 2,041
 376
 114

 2,531

2008
Company
€'000

–
–
–

–

2008
Group
€'000

 3,817
624
645

 5,086

1   Key management includes the Board of Directors and the Glanbia Executive Committee.

120 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

(d)   Year-end balances arising from sales/purchases of goods/services

Receivables from related parties:

– The Society

– Associates

– Joint ventures

– Key management*

– Subsidiaries

Payables to related parties:

– The Society

– Associates

– Joint ventures

– Key management*

(e)   Loans to joint ventures

Loan to Southwest Cheese Company, LLC

Loan to Milk Ventures (UK) Limited

2009
Company
€'000

2009
Group
€'000

2008
Company
€'000

–

–

–

–

 79,346

 502

 509

 1,848

 134

–

–

–

–

–

 51,617

2008
Group
€'000

–

 447

 1,983

 146

–

 79,346

 2,993

 51,617

 2,576

–

–

–

–

–

2009
Company
€'000

–

–

–

 360

 2,822

 28,273

–

 31,455

2009
Group
€'000

 28,313

 5,405

 33,718

–

–

–

–

–

2008
Company
€'000

–

–

–

 1,148

 1,338

 38,385

 3

 40,874

2008
Group
€'000

 7,768

 4,999

 12,767

* 

Purchases, sales and related year-end balances to key management refer to trading balances with Directors who are engaged
in farming activities.

During 2009, Glanbia plc approved an €8.0 million interest free loan facility for milk suppliers based on the April, May and June
manufacturing milk supply. This fund was available on a voluntary basis and must be repaid over the following year. Approximately
€3.4 million of the facility was advanced to milk suppliers and is included in other receivables at year end.

38. Events after the reporting period

On 10 March 2010, Glanbia plc announced that Glanbia Co-operative Society Limited ("the Society"), its 54.6% shareholder, has
expressed an interest in acquiring Glanbia's Dairy Ireland operations (incorporating Dairy Ingredients, Consumer Products and
Agribusiness), Glanbia's Irish property business, Group Business Services and related Irish Joint Ventures & Associates. Any such
transaction would be likely to involve a significant reduction in the Society's ownership in the Group and would require the approval of
both the Society's members and Glanbia plc shareholders. While discussions are progressing well, there is no guarantee that they will
result in a transaction being concluded.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

121

39. Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings

 (a) Subsidiaries

Incorporated and operating in

Principal place of business

Principal activities

Group Interest %

Ireland

Glanbia Foods Society Limited

Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny and
Citywest, Dublin 24

Dairying, liquid milk, consumer food
products and general trading

Glanbia Consumer Foods Limited

Inch, Co. Wexford and Kilkenny

Fresh dairy products and soups

Glanbia Ingredients (Ballyragget)
Limited

Ballyragget, Co. Kilkenny

Milk products

Glanbia Ingredients (Virginia) Limited Virginia, Co. Cavan

Milk products

Glanbia Nutritionals (Ireland) Limited Kilkenny

Glanbia Nutritionals (Blending)
Limited

Kilkenny

ON Optimum Nutrition Limited

Kilkenny

Glanbia Nutritionals (Europe) Limited Kilkenny

Nutritional products

Nutritional products

Nutritional products

Nutritional products

Glanbia Nutritionals (Research)
Limited

Glanbia Feeds Limited

Kilkenny

Research and development

Enniscorthy, Co. Wexford and
Portlaoise, Co. Laois

Manufacture of animal feed products

Glanbia Estates Limited

Avonmore Proteins Limited

Glanbia Financial Services

Kilkenny

Kilkenny

Kilkenny

Glanbia Investments (Ireland) Limited Kilkenny

Glassonby

Waterford Foods plc

Kilkenny

Kilkenny

Property and land dealing

Financing

Financing

Investment company

Holding company

Holding company

Grassland Fertilizers (Kilkenny) Limited Palmerstown, Co. Kilkenny

Fertilizers

D. Walsh & Sons Limited

Palmerstown, Co. Kilkenny

Grain and fertilizers

Eilish Oils Limited

Newtown Mount Kennedy,
Co. Wicklow

Biofuels

Britain and Northern Ireland

Glanbia (UK) Limited

Tamworth, Staffordshire

Holding company

Glanbia Holdings Limited

Tamworth, Staffordshire

Holding company

Glanbia Investments (UK) Limited

Tamworth, Staffordshire

Holding company

Glanbia Nutritionals (UK) Limited

Middlesborough

Sports nutrition products

Glanbia Foods (NI) Limited

Portadown, Co. Armagh

Consumer food products

Glanbia Feedstuffs Limited

Tamworth, Staffordshire

Supply of animal feeds

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

73.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

122 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

Incorporated and operating in

Principal place of business

Principal activities

Group Interest %

United States

Glanbia, Inc.

Delaware

Holding company

Glanbia Foods, Inc.

Twin Falls, Idaho

Milk products

Optimum Nutrition, Inc.

Illinois, South Carolina, Florida

Sports nutrition products

Glanbia Nutritionals (NA), Inc.

San Diego, California

Nutrient delivery systems

Glanbia Nutritionals, Inc.

Monroe, Wisconsin

Nutritional distribution

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

100.00

Canada

Glanbia Nutritionals (Canada), Inc.

Angusville, Manitoba

Nutrient delivery systems

100.00

Germany

Glanbia Nutritionals Deutschland GmbH Orsingen-Nensingen, Germany Nutrient delivery systems

100.00

Netherlands

Glanbia Foods B.V.

Moergestel, Netherlands

Holding company

100.00

Mexico

Zymalact Mexico S.A. de C.V.

Lerma, Mexico City

Dairy blending and processed cheese

100.00

Uruguay

Glanbia (Uruguay Exports) S.A.

Uruguay

Nutritional distribution

100.00

China

Glanbia Nutritionals (Suzhou) Company
Limited

Suzhou, China

Nutrient delivery systems

100.00

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Financial statements

123

(b) Associates and joint ventures

Incorporated in

Ireland

Date to which
results included

Principal place of business

Principal activities

Group interest %

Co-operative Animal Health Limited * 31–Dec–08

Tullow, Co. Carlow

Agri chemicals

South Eastern Cattle Breeders
Society Limited *

31–Dec–08

Thurles, Co. Tipperary

Cattle breeding

Malting Company of Ireland Limited * 31–Oct–09

Togher, Cork

South East Port Services Limited *

02–Jan–10

Kilkenny

Greenfield Dairy Partners Limited *

31–Dec–09

Dunbell, Co. Kilkenny

Malting

Port services

Dairy production
and development

Corman Miloko Ireland Limited **

02–Jan–10

Carrick-on-Suir, Co. Tipperary

Dairy spreads

Britain and Northern Ireland

Glanbia Cheese Limited **

02–Jan–10

Magheralin and Llangefni

Cheese products

Milk Ventures (UK) Limited **

30–Nov–09

Stockport, England

Holding company

Nigeria

Nutricima Limited *

30–Nov–09

Nigeria

Evaporated and
powdered milk

50.00

57.00

33.33

49.00

33.33

45.00

51.00

50.00

50.00

United States

Southwest Cheese Company, LLC **

02–Jan–10

Clovis, New Mexico

Milk products

50.00

Pursuant to Section 16 of the Companies Act, 1986 a full list of subsidiaries, joint venture and associated undertakings will be annexed
to the Company's Annual Return to be filed in the Companies Registration Office in Ireland.

* 
** 

Associate
Joint venture

124 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Other information

Shareholders’ information

Stock exchange listings
The Company’s shares are listed on the main market of the Irish
Stock Exchange as well as having a premium listing on the main
market of the London Stock Exchange.

Managing your shareholding
Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited
(“Computershare”) maintains the Company’s register of
members. Should a shareholder have any queries in respect
of their shareholding, they should contact Computershare
directly using the contact details provided below:

Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited, Heron House,
Corrig Road, Sandyford Industrial Estate, Dublin 18, Ireland.

Contact details: telephone number 01 2475349 (within Ireland),
00353 1 247 5349 (outside Ireland), or by logging on to
www.investorcentre.com/ie/contactus.

Share price data

Share price as at 2 January 2010

Market capitalisation

Share price movements during the year:

– high

– low

2009

2008

€

2.89

848m

3.00

1.84

€

2.07

608m

5.31

1.80

The current share price of Glanbia plc ordinary shares can be
accessed at http://www.glanbia.ie/prices-delayed

Geographic analysis of shareholdings as at 2 January 2010

Ireland

United Kingdom

United States

Other

Number of
shares held

 250,977,645

 41,941,624

 173,606

 462,809

 293,555,684

Holdings

1 – 1,000

1,001 – 5,000

5,001 – 10,000

10,001 – 100,000

Over – 100,000

Number of
shareholders

Number of
shares held

 12,278

 5,179,134

 9,342

 1,698

 888

 98

 21,787,619

 12,075,230

 19,358,337

 235,155,364

 24,304  293,555,684

% of total

85.49

14.29

0.06

0.16

100

% of total

1.76

7.42

4.11

6.59

80.12

100

Share capital
The authorised share capital of the Company at 2 January 2010
was 306,000,000 ordinary shares at €0.06 each. The issued share
capital at 2 January 2010 was 293,555,684 ordinary shares of
€0.06 each.

Substantial shareholdings
The table below details the significant holding (3% or more) in the
Company’s ordinary share capital that has been disclosed to the
Company at 9 March 2010 in accordance with the requirements of
Rule 7.1 of the Transparency Rules issued by the Financial
Regulator under section 22 of the Investment Funds, Companies
and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 2006.

Shareholder

Glanbia Co-operative
Society Limited

No of ordinary
shares

% of
issued share
capital

 160,277,308

54.6%

Employee share schemes
The Company operates a number of employee share schemes.
At 2 January 2010, 570,054 ordinary shares were held in an
employee benefit trust for the purpose of the Group’s employee
share schemes. Whilst any shares in the Company are held by
the Trustees, the Trustees shall refrain from exercising any voting
rights which may attach to the shares save that if the beneficial
interest in any share has been vested in any beneficiary the
Trustees shall seek and comply with any direction from such
beneficiary as to the exercise of voting rights attaching to
such shares.

Dividend payments direct to your bank account
An interim dividend of 2.89 cents per share was paid in respect
of ordinary shares on 30 September 2009.

Subject to shareholders approval, a final dividend of 3.95
cents per share will be paid in respect of ordinary shares on
2 June 2010 to shareholders on the register of members on
7 May 2010.

Dividend Withholding Tax (DWT) is deductible from dividends
paid by an Irish resident company, unless the shareholder is
entitled to an exemption and has submitted a properly
completed exemption form to the Company's Registrars,
Computershare. DWT applies to dividends paid by way of cash
and is deducted at the standard rate of income tax (currently
20%). Non-resident shareholders and certain Irish companies,
trusts, pension schemes, investment undertakings and charities
may be entitled to claim exemption from DWT and are thereby
required to send the relevant form to Computershare. Copies of
this form may be obtained from Computershare.

In order to continue to improve the security of dividend payments
to shareholders and reduce costs, the Company proposes,
subject to an amendment of the Company's Articles of
Association, that after payment of the final dividend in May 2011,
it will pay future dividend payments on its ordinary shares only by
credit transfer into a nominated bank or building society account.

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Other information

125

Shareholders will continue to receive tax vouchers in respect of
dividend payments. The Company takes data security issues very
seriously. Required bank account details supplied to the Company
and its Registrars will be used only for dividend distribution and
the information will not be used for any purpose or supplied to
any third party.

Conditions for participating in a meeting
Every shareholder, irrespective of how many Glanbia shares they
hold has the right to attend, speak, ask questions and vote at the
AGM. Completion of proxy form will not affect a shareholder’s
right to attend, speak, ask questions and/or vote at the meeting
in person.

Shareholders will continue to receive tax vouchers in respect of
dividend payments.

www.glanbia.com
Shareholders may visit www.glanbia.ie/shareholder-centre for up-
to-date investor information. An electronic copy of current and
past annual and half-yearly reports can be downloaded from the
website. Current and historic share prices, news, updates and
presentations may also be obtained. Shareholders may also
register to receive future shareholder communications
electronically.

Electronic communications
The changes brought about by the Transparency (Directive
2004/109/EC) Regulations 2007 recognises the growing
importance of electronic communications. The Group therefore
provides documentation and communications to all shareholders
via our website unless a shareholder has specifically elected to
receive a hard copy.

Using electronic communications enables fast receipt of
documents, helps the environment by significantly reducing the
amount of paper used to communicate with shareholders and
reduces associated printing, mailing and distribution costs.

Shareholders can also vote online for the next Annual General
Meeting (“AGM”). This is a quick and easy option, using the proxy
voting service provided by Computershare. Shareholders may use
this facility by visiting www.computershare.com/ie/voting/glanbia.

Announcement of final results for 2009

10 March 2010

Ex-dividend date

Record date for dividend

Date for receipt of proxy forms

Record date for AGM

AGM

Dividend payment date

Financial calendar
AGM
The AGM will be held on 25 May 2010.

5 May 2010

7 May 2010

23 May 2010

23 May 2010

25 May 2010

2 June 2010

The Notice of Meeting, together with details of the business to be
conducted at the Meeting is available on www.glanbia.ie/agm

The voting results for the 2010 AGM, including proxy votes and
votes withheld will be available on our website shortly after the
meeting at the following address: www.glanbia.ie/agm

The quorum for a general meeting of the Company is constituted
by three persons entitled to vote upon the business of the
meeting, each being a shareholder or a proxy or corporate
representative for a shareholder.

The right to participate in the AGM is subject to the registration of
the shares prior to the date of the meeting (the record date). For
the 2010 AGM the record date is 5:00 pm on 23 May 2010 (or in
the case of an adjournment 5:00 pm, on the day prior to the day
before the time fixed for the adjourned meeting).

Appointment of proxy
Where a shareholder is unable to attend the AGM in person,
a proxy (or proxies) may be appointed to attend, speak, ask
questions and vote on their behalf. For this purpose a form of
proxy is posted to all shareholders. Copies of these documents
may be requested by telephoning the Company’s Registrars on
01 2475349 (within Ireland), 00353 1 247 5349 (outside Ireland),
or by logging on to www.investorcentre.com/ie/contactus or
by writing to the Group Secretary at Glanbia plc, Glanbia
House, Kilkenny.

Alternatively, a shareholder may appoint a proxy electronically,
by visiting the website of the Company’s Registrars at
www.computershare.com/ie/voting/glanbia. Shareholders will
need their shareholder identification number and PIN number,
which can be found on the top of the form of proxy.

CREST members who wish to appoint a proxy or proxies through
the CREST electronic proxy appointment service may do so for the
Meeting and any adjournment(s) thereof by using the procedures
described in the CREST manual.

How to exercise shareholders rights
Shareholders have several ways to exercise their right to vote:

(cid:159)  by attending the AGM in person;

(cid:159)  by appointing the Chairman or another person as a proxy to

vote on their behalf; or

(cid:159)  by appointing a proxy via the CREST system.

The passing of resolutions at a meeting of the Company, other
than special resolutions, requires a simple majority. To be passed,
a special resolution requires at least 75% of the votes cast to be in
favour of the resolution.

Tabling agenda items
A shareholder, or a group of shareholders acting together, who
hold at least 3% of the issued share capital of the Company, has the
right to put an item on the agenda of the AGM. In order to exercise
this right, written details of the item to be included on the 2010
AGM agenda together with a written explanation why the item is to
be included on the agenda and evidence of the shareholding must
be received by the Group Secretary at Glanbia plc, Glanbia House,
Kilkenny, Ireland or by email to ir@glanbia.ie /info@glanbia.ie no
later than 14 April 2010 (i.e. 42 days before the AGM meeting).
An item cannot be included on the AGM agenda unless it is
accompanied by the written explanation and received at either of
these addresses by this deadline.

126 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Other information

Tabling draft resolutions
A shareholder, or a group of shareholders acting together, who
hold at least 3% of the issued share capital of the Company, has
the right to table a draft resolution for inclusion on the agenda of
the 2010 AGM subject to any contrary provision in company law

In order to exercise this right, the text of the draft resolution
and evidence of shareholding must be received by no later than
14 April 2010 (i.e. 42 days before the AGM meeting) by post to
the Company Secretary at Glanbia plc, Glanbia House, Kilkenny,
Ireland or by email to ir@glanbia.ie /info@glanbia.ie. A resolution
cannot be included on the 2010 AGM agenda unless it is received
at either of these addresses by this deadline. Furthermore,
shareholders are reminded that there are provisions in company
law which impose other conditions on the right of shareholders to
propose resolutions at the general meeting of a company.

How to ask a question before or at the meeting
The AGM is an opportunity for shareholders to put a question to
the Chairman during the question and answer session. Before the
2010 AGM, a shareholder may also submit a question in writing by
sending a letter, and evidence of your shareholding at least four
business days before the 2010 AGM (i.e. 19 May 2010) to the
Group Secretary, Glanbia plc, Glanbia House, Kilkenny, Ireland or
by email to ir@glanbia.ie /info@glanbia.ie.

Additional shareholder information

Dividend rights
The Company may, by ordinary resolution declare dividends in
accordance with the respective rights of shareholders, but no
dividend shall exceed the amount recommended by the Directors.
The Directors may also declare and pay interim dividends if it
appears to them that they are justified by the profits of the
Company available for distribution.

Distribution on winding up
If the Company shall be wound up and the assets available for
distribution among shareholders as such shall be insufficient to
repay the whole of the paid up or credited as paid up share
capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may
be, the losses shall be borne by shareholders in proportion to the
capital paid up or credited as paid up at the commencement of
the winding up on the shares held by them respectively. Further if,
in a winding up, the assets available for distribution among
shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of
the share capital paid up or credited as paid up at the
commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed
among shareholders in proportion to the capital at the
commencement of the winding up paid up or credited as paid up
on the said shares held by them respectively.

Advisors:
Auditors
PricewaterhouseCoopers, Ballycar House, Newtown,
Waterford, Ireland.

Principal bankers
ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Allied Irish Banks, plc., The Governor &
Company of the Bank of Ireland, BNP Paribas S.A., Barclays Bank
Ireland plc, Citibank Europe plc, KBC Bank Ireland plc, Danske
Bank A/S trading as National Irish Bank, Rabobank Ireland plc,
Ulster Bank Ireland Limited.

Solicitors
Arthur Cox, Earlsfort Centre, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Pinsent Masons, 3 Colmore Circus, Birmingham B4 6BH, UK.

Stockbrokers
Davy Stockbrokers, 49 Dawson Street, Dublin 2, Ireland (joint
broker).

RBS Hoare Govett Limited, 250 Bishopsgate, London EC2M 4AA
(joint broker).

Five year trends

Summary income statement

Revenue

Operating profit pre exceptional

Operating margin pre exceptional

Net financing costs

Share of results of Joint Ventures & Associates*

Profit before tax pre exceptional

Taxation pre exceptional

Profit after tax pre exceptional

Net exceptional items (post tax)

Basic earnings per share

Adjusted earnings per share

Dividend per share in respect of the full year

Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Other information

127

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

 €1,830.3m

€2,232.2m

€2,206.6m

€1,853.4m

€1,830.0m

€111.2m

6.1%

(€24.0m)

€10.2m

€97.4m

(€19.1m)

€78.3m

€34.9m

38.46c

30.68c

6.84c

€134.1m

6.0%

(€21.1m)

€7.3m

€120.3m

(€21.5m)

€98.8m

(€19.4m)

26.76c

35.86c

6.51c

€115.8m

5.2%

(€17.3m)

€1.0m

€99.5m

(€16.4m)

€83.1m

(€22.8m)

20.42c

30.25c

6.08c

€85.6m

4.6%

(€14.0m)

€2.8m

€74.4m

(€8.0m)

€66.4m

(€0.1m)

22.51c

23.89c

5.79c

€80.9m

4.4%

(€13.1m)

€0.9m

€68.7m

(€7.6m)

€61.1m

(€3.4m)

19.69c

21.86c

5.51c

*      Share of results in Joint Ventures & Associates is an after interest and tax amount.

Adjusted earnings per share

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

Profit attributable to owners of the Parent

Amortisation of intangible assets (net of related tax)

Net exceptional items

112,676

12,126

(34,905)

78,399

7,312

19,358

59,833

5,964

22,846

65,964

3,896

134

57,396

2,899

3,410

Adjusted net income

89,897

 105,069

88,643

69,994

63,705

Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issues 292,985,630

293,018,610

293,012,540

292,958,667

291,469,902

Adjusted earnings per share (cents per share)

30.68

35.86

30.25

23.89

21.86

128 Glanbia plc 2009 Annual Report Other information

Index

A
At a glance 
Available for sale financial assets 

B
Board of Directors 
Borrowings 
Business combinations 

C
Capital grants 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash generated from operations 
Chairman’s statement 
Commitments 
Company statement of changes in equity 
Company statement of comprehensive income 
Company statement of cash flows 
Company statement of financial position 
Contents 
Contingent liabilities 
Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

D
Deferred income taxes 
Derivative financial instruments 
Directors’ remuneration 
Dividends 

E
Earnings per share 
Employee benefit expense 
Exceptional items 
Events after the reporting date 

F
Finance income and costs 
Financial results 
Finance review 
Financial risk management 
Financial statements 
Five year trends  

G
General information 
Group income statement  
Group Managing Director’s review 
Group statement of cash flows 
Group statement of changes in equity  
Group statement of comprehensive income  
Group statement of financial position 

4 
98

34 
108 
118

115 
101 
118 
6 
117 
68 
69 
69 
67 
1 
117 
81

110 
116 
89 
92

91 
89 
88 
120

89 
3 
22 
77 
58 
127

70 
62 
8  
66 
64 
63 
65

I
Income taxes 
Independent auditors’ report  
Intangible assets 
International growth strategy 
Introduction 
Inventories 
Investments in associates 
Investments in joint ventures 

M
Minority interests 

N
Notes to the financial statements 

O
Operating expenses 
Operations review – Dairy Ireland 
Operations review – Joint Ventures & Associates 
Operations review – US Cheese & Global Nutritionals 
Other statutory information 
Our people 
Our responsibilities 

P
Principal subsidiary and associated undertakings 
Property, plant and equipment 
Provisions for other liabilities and charges 

R
Reconciliation of changes in equity 
Related party transactions 
Retained earnings 
Retirement benefit obligations 
Risk management 

S
Segment information 
Share capital and share premium 
Shareholders’ information 
Statement on corporate governance 
Statement on Directors’ remuneration 
Statement of Directors’ responsibilities 
Summary of significant accounting policies 

T
Trade and other receivables 
Trade and other payables 

90 
60 
93 
10 
2 
101 
95 
97

107

70

87 
16 
18 
14 
54 
31 
30

121 
92 
115

102 
119 
107 
112 
28

82 
104 
124 
36 
46 
55 
70

99 
116

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Glanbia plc, Glanbia House, 
Kilkenny, Ireland.

Tel +353 56 777 2200
Fax +353 56 777 2222

www.glanbia.com

Glanbia plc  
2009 Annual Report