Golden Star Resources
Annual Report 2010

Plain-text annual report

Bogoso Pampe Wassa GHANA Chujah-Dumasi Buesichem Prestea Mine Bogoso North Bogoso Processing Plants Mine & Processing Plant Prestea Prestea South Benso Subriso Pits Hwini-Butre Adoikrom Father Brown Active Pits Deposits Mining Lease Exploration - GSR Exploration - JV 100 km North Golden Star Resources Ltd. is a mid-tier gold mining company that pro- duced 354,904 ounces of gold in 2010 and plans to produce approximately 330,000 to 360,000 ounces in 2011. The Company has two operating mines in Ghana, West Africa. Our Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa mines, acquired in 1999 and 2002, respectively, were both purchased during a low gold price environment, allowing the Company to acquire both properties at relatively attractive prices. The Company is the largest holder of mining properties on the prolific Ashanti Gold Trend. The HBB properties were acquired in late 2005. Both Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/HBB are district-scale sized properties with excellent infrastructure in place. Golden Star’s growth strategy is to explore and develop our two mines in Ghana as well as explore other prospective projects in Western Africa and Brazil. Additionally, the Company will investigate potential acquisitions that are accretive to shareholder value. Shares of Golden Star are widely held by both retail and institutional shareholders and are traded on the NYSE Amex Stock Exchange, Toronto Stock Exchange and Ghana Stock Exchange under the symbols GSS, GSC and GSR, respectively. Front Cover This year, 2010, was the year of exploration for Golden Star. Our exploration budget was increased to $20 million, from $9 million in 2009. As a result of our successful exploration efforts and increased gold prices, our 2010 mineral reserves (net of depletion) were up 24% from 2009 and our Mineral Resources increased 63% over 2009. From our beginnings as a producing company in 1999 with mineral reserves of 40.0 million tonnes grading 1.4 g/t for 1.8 million ounces of gold and mineral resources of 43.9 million tonnes grading 2.5 g/t gold, to our current reserves of 65.3 million tonnes grading 2.20 g/t for 4.62 million ounces of gold in reserves and resources of 54.9 million tonnes grading 1.99 g/t gold, we have made significant progress in growth of reserves and resources. The goal of management continues to be to build shareholder value through increased gold production, increased mineral reserves and resources, and reduced costs across the board, accomplished in a safe manner. These goals will be attained due to the efforts of our employees, who are the fundamental drivers of our success. Forward-Looking Statements are made in this report to give the reader an indication of our business prospects, plans and objectives. Although we believe these statements are reasonable as of the date of this report, readers are cautioned that forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those stated. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Golden Star will be those anticipated by us. Readers should refer to the risks involved in making forward-looking statements, which are given on pages 2 and 13 of our Form 10-K, contained herein. Non-GAAP Measures are used in this report, in particular “total cash cost” and “cash operating cost” on a per-ounce of gold basis. This information differs from measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Readers should examine the cautionary and explanatory statement on pages 2 and 34 of our Form 10-K, contained herein. Cautionary Note to US Investors concerning estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources This section uses the term “Inferred Mineral Resources.” We advise US investors that while this term is recognized and required by Canada’s National Instrument 43-101, the US Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. “Inferred Mineral Resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibility. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of Inferred Mineral Resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies. US investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of the Inferred Mineral Resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable. Tom Mair President & CEO Le t te r to S h a r e h o Ld e r S 2010 was a year of highs and lows, ups and downs • Year-end cash balance of $178.0 million for our company. On the positive side, we were • Net loss of $8.3 million or $0.03 per share very successful in growing our Company in terms • Net cash provided by operating activities of of reserves and resources as a result of focusing $115.2 million or $0.45 per share on exploration drilling and re-engineering our • Reserves increased 24% net of depletion, resource models. The higher gold price accounted resources increased 63% for approximately half of the resource growth. On the down side, the results from Bogoso/Prestea during the second half of the year were poor. The “perfect storm” that affected Bogoso/Prestea included unusually wet weather affecting the sourcing of ore, resulting in lower grades and sub- optimal metallurgical recovery. In spite of this, we remained cashflow positive, maintained our finan- cial strength and flexibility, and ended the year with $178 million in cash. 2010 Results Summary • Gold sales of 354,904 ounces • Average realized gold price of $1,219 per ounce Focus on Exploration During 2010 we focused on brownfields explora- tion at Golden Star. We increased our exploration budget from $9 million in 2009 to $20 million in 2010. The lion’s share of this budget was spent within haul distance of one of our plants. We were successful in significantly increasing our reserves and resources in 2010. Our reserve base increased 24%, net of depletion, and our resource base increased 63% over 2009. While approxi- mately half of this increase is attributable to the rising gold prices, we can proudly state that our exploration team has delivered significant explo- • Gold revenues of $432.7 million ration success. • Cash operating costs of $766 per ounce of gold 2010 Annual Report | 1 we entered into a joint venture with Votorantim, a large Brazilian company. This added a 3,400 km² land package in Mato Grosso to our extensive Brazilian portfolio. One of our stated goals is to increase the mine lives of our operations. The most economical method to achieve this is through the drill bit, hence the increased exploration budget in 2010. At Bogoso/Prestea, we have only explored some 30 kilometers of our 85 kilometer land package area. Similarly, the corridor along our haul road from Operations the Wassa plant down to Hwini-Butre has had insufficient exploration since we acquired these concession areas in late 2005. The exploration potential in these areas is immense. It requires time and money to drill out these areas and add to our reserve and resource base. The second half of 2010 was challenging at Bogoso/ Prestea. The unusually heavy rains contributed to delays in the commencement of mining at one of our new pits. This resulted in processing relatively high quantities of lower grade and lower recovery transitional ore at the Bogoso Sulfide Plant leading In other parts of West Africa, we earned a 51% to lower than expected production. Going forward interest on the Sonfon project in Sierra Leone and at Bogoso/Prestea, we expect improving recoveries we continue to explore this project. Our joint venture as we mine deeper in our pits, accessing more fresh partner, Riverstone Resources, continues successful sulfide ores. The improvement will be most notice- exploration activities at Goulagou and Rounga. In able in the second half of 2011. We still have work to Côte d’Ivoire, we continue the early stage explora- do at the Bogoso Sulfide Plant, but we have been tion activities at Amelekia and Abengourou. successful in the past and are confident we will be We continue to explore for gold in Brazil with 9 successful again in the near future. greenfields exploration projects in Mato Grosso, At Wassa, we anticipate 2011 performance to be Minas Gerais and Goias. In addition, during 2010, very similar to what we achieved this year. Wassa has been and continues to be a reliable operation. 2 | Gol den Star We mine high grade ores at the HB concession at both Father Brown and Adoikrom pits and haul this to the Wassa plant, where it is blended with the Wassa ores. This strategy provides a certain degree of operational flexibility which translates into predictability and stability. We will continue to focus on cost containment at both Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/HBB in the face of continuing cost pressures. What’s Next? In the second half of 2011, in order to take advantage of the underutilized Bogoso Oxide plant, we expect to see the start of production from our Bogoso Tailings Retreatment Project, which should provide I want to thank our employees, the management team and the Board of Directors for their efforts through the past year. It has been a year with chal- lenges, some within our control and some not. Regardless, our team remains dedicated to deliv- ering solid operational and financial results. about 40,000 ounces of gold (on an annualized Yours sincerely, Tom Mair President & CEO March 10, 2011 basis) at low cash operating costs. In addition, we expect to start mining the Pampe oxide pit late in the year and combine this ore with the tailings into the Bogoso Oxide Plant. We also will continue with the permitting of Prestea South oxide pits and the Mampon deposit. We are completing a study on the Prestea Underground project and expect to make a decision on this project during the year. We have once again increased the exploration budget to $30 million so we expect to have another year of good exploration results during 2011. 2010 Annual Report | 3 Mineral reserves The following table summarizes our estimated Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009: Proven Probable Total Tonnes (millions) Gold Grade (g/t) Contained Ounces (millions) Tonnes (millions) Gold Grade (g/t) Contained Ounces (millions) Tonnes (millions) Gold Grade (g/t) Contained Ounces (millions) 1.3 12.0 13.2 0.6 0.6 1.9 12.0 13.9 11.6 1.58 2.79 2.67 1.14 1.14 1.43 2.79 2.60 2.86 0.06 1.07 1.14 0.02 0.02 0.09 1.07 1.16 1.06 7.0 26.9 34.0 17.5 17.5 24.5 26.9 51.5 36.8 2.31 2.45 2.42 1.44 1.44 1.69 2.45 2.09 2.26 0.52 2.13 2.65 0.81 0.81 1.33 2.13 3.46 2.67 8.3 38.9 47.2 18.1 18.1 26.4 38.9 65.3 48.3 2.20 2.56 2.49 1.43 1.43 1.67 2.56 2.20 2.40 0.59 3.20 3.78 0.83 0.83 1.42 3.20 4.62 3.73 Property Bogoso/Prestea Non Refractory Refractory Total Wassa Non Refractory Total Totals Non Refractory Refractory Total 2010 Total 2009 Notes to the Mineral Reserves Statement: (1) The stated Mineral Reserve for Bogoso/Prestea includes Prestea South, Pampe and Mampon. (2) The stated Mineral Reserve for Wassa includes the Hwini-Butre and Benso properties. (3) The stated Mineral Reserves have been prepared in accordance with Canada’s National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects and are classified in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum’s “CIM Definition Standards – For Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves”. Mineral Reserves are equivalent to “proven” and “probable reserves” as defined by the SEC Industry Guide 7. Mineral Reserve estimates reflect the Company’s reasonable expectation that all necessary permits and approvals will be obtained and maintained. Mining dilution and mining recovery vary by deposit and have been applied in estimating the Mineral Reserves. (4) The 2010 and 2009 Mineral Reserves were prepared under the supervision of Mr. Karl Smith, Vice President Technical Services for the Company. Mr. Smith is a “Qualified Person” as defined by Canada’s National Instrument 43-101. (5) The Mineral Reserves at December 31, 2010, were estimated using a gold price of $1,025 per ounce, which is approximately equal to the three-year average gold price. At December 31, 2009, Mineral Reserves were estimated using a gold price of $850 per ounce. (6) The terms “non-refractory” and “refractory” refer to the metallurgical characteristics of the ore and are defined in the Glossary of Terms. We plan to process the refractory ore in our sulfide bio-oxidation plant at Bogoso and to process the non-refractory ore using our more traditional gravity, flotation and/or cyanidation techniques. (7) The slope angles of all pit designs are based on geotechnical criteria as established by external consultants. The size and shape of the pit designs are guided by consideration of the results from a pit optimization program which incorporates historical and projected operating costs at Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and Hwini-Butre and Benso. Metallurgical recoveries are based on historical performance or estimated from test work and typically range from 80% to 95% for non-refractory ores and from 70% to 85% for refractory ores. A government royalty of 5% of gold revenues is allowed as are other applicable royalties. (8) Numbers may not add due to rounding. Mineral resources Measured Indicated Measured & Indicated Inferred Property Bogoso/Prestea 1 Prestea Under- ground Wassa Benso Chichiwelli Manso Hwini-Butre Father Brown Undergraound 8 Goulagou 7 Total 2010 6 Total 2009 Tonnes (millions) 8.5 – 0.1 – – – – – 8.6 4.8 Gold Grade (g/t) 1.94 – 0.88 – – – – – 1.93 1.87 Tonnes (millions) 19.3 1.1 20.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 46.4 21.8 Gold Grade (g/t) 2.00 15.80 1.07 2.53 1.80 2.07 6.68 1.75 2.00 2.66 Tonnes (millions) 27.8 1.1 20.4 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 54.9 26.6 Gold Grade (g/t) 1.98 15.80 1.07 2.53 1.80 2.07 6.68 1.75 1.99 2.52 Tonnes (millions) Gold Grade (g/t) 10.6 4.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.4 0.5 16.5 11.0 2.11 8.20 2.27 3.56 2.23 1.71 5.97 1.00 3.66 4.62 Notes to the Mineral Resources Statement: (1) The Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea include Pampe and Mampon. (2) The Mineral Resources were estimated in accordance with the definitions and requirements of Canada’s National Instrument 43-101. The Mineral Resources are equivalent to Mineralized Material as defined by the SEC Industry Guide 7. (3) The Mineral Resources, other than for Goulagou (see Note 7), were estimated using optimized pit shells at a gold price of $1,300 per ounce from which the Mineral Reserves have been subtracted. Other than gold price, the same optimized pit shell parameters and modifying factors used to determine the Mineral Reserves were used to determine the Mineral Resources. The Prestea Underground resource was estimated using a $1,300 per ounce gold price and operating cost estimates. In 2009, we used a gold price of $1,000 per ounce for the optimized shell. (4) The Mineral Resources are not included in and are in addition to the Mineral Reserves described above. (5) The Qualified Person for the estimation of the Mineral Resources is S. Mitchel Wasel, Golden Star Resources Vice President of Exploration. (6) Numbers may not add due to rounding. (7) The Mineral Resources for Goulagou were estimated using optimized pit shells at a gold price of $560. Pit optimization parameters for the Goulagou Mineral Resources were estimated based on feasibility studies on other similar gold deposits in Burkina Faso, Golden Star’s experience in West Africa, and from limited metallurgical test work on the Goulagou ores. Heap leach processing was the assumed processing option for this deposit. Goulagou is 10% owned by an unrelated party. (8) The Father Brown Underground resource has been estimated below the $1,300 pit shell down to the 700 m elevation using an economic gold grade cut off of 4.5 g/t. 4 | Go lde n Star 4 | Go lden Star SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549 FORM 10-K  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year ended December 31, 2010 Commission file number 1-12284 GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter) Canada (State or other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300 Littleton, Colorado (Address of Principal Executive Office) 98-0101955 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 80127-6312 (Zip Code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (303) 830-9000 Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of Each Class Common Shares Name of each exchange on which registered NYSE Amex Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  No  Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chap- ter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or informa- tion statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. (See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). (Check one): Large accelerated filer:  Accelerated filer:  Non-accelerated filer:  Smaller reporting company:  Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes  No  The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $1,126.1 million as of June 30, 2010, based on the closing price of the shares on the NYSE Amex as of that date of $4.38 per share. Number of Common Shares outstanding as at February 22, 2011: 258,559,486 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of our Definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the 2011 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference to Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 REPORTING CURRENCY, FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION All amounts in this report are expressed in United States (“US”) dollars, unless otherwise indicated. Canadian cur- rency is denoted as “Cdn$”. Financial information is presented in accordance with ac- counting principles generally accepted in Canada (“Cdn GAAP” or Canadian GAAP”). Differences between account- ing principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”) and Canadian GAAP, as applicable to Golden Star Resources Ltd., are explained in Note 27 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. References to “Golden Star,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” mean Golden Star Resources Ltd., its predeces- sors and consolidated subsidiaries, or any one or more of them, as the context requires. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES In this Form 10-K, we use the terms “total cash cost per ounce” and “cash operating cost per ounce” which are considered non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-K Item 10 and applicable Canadian securities law and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with Cdn GAAP or U.S. GAAP. See Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for a definition of these measures as used in this Form 10-K. STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION This Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements”, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and within the mean- ing of applicable Canadian securities law. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “forecasts,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” and similar expressions (including negative and grammatical varia- tions) tend to identify forward-looking statements. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and ex- pectations reflected in these forward-looking state- ments are reasonable, we cannot be certain that these plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. Actual results, performance or achievements could differ mate- rially from those contemplated, expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-K. These statements include comments regarding: produc- tion and cash operating cost estimates for 2011; antici- pated commencement dates of mining and production at Prestea South and Pampe; development of the Dumasi pit; completion of the Bogoso tailings processing proj- ect; production capacity, production rates, and produc- tion costs; cash operating costs generally; gold sales; mining operations and recovery rates; ore delivery; ore processing; potential mine life; permitting; establish- ment and estimates of Mineral Reserves and Resources; geological, environmental, community and engineering 2 | G o l d e n S t a r studies; expectations of the resettlement of communities; exploration efforts and activities; availability, cost and ef- ficiency of mining equipment; ore grades; reclamation work; expected reclamation expenditures over the next five years; expected PFIC (as defined below) sta- tus in 2011 and in the future; our anticipated investing and exploration spending in 2011; identification of acqui- sition and growth opportunities; power costs; the ability to meet total power requirements; retention of earnings from our operations; our objectives for 2011; and sources of and adequacy of liquidity to meet capital and other needs in 2011. Forward statements are subject to risk, uncertainties, and other factors which could cause actual results to dif- fer materially from future results expressed, projected, or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks include, but are not limited to, the following: • significant increases or decreases in gold prices; • losses or gains in Mineral Reserves from changes in operating costs and/or gold prices; • failure of exploration efforts to expand Mineral Reserves around our existing mines; • unexpected changes in business and economic conditions; • variances in Mineral Reserves and non-reserves estimates; • changes in interest and currency exchange rates; • timing and amount of gold production; • unanticipated variations in ore grade, tonnes mined and crushed or milled; • unanticipated recovery or production problems; • effects of illegal mining on our properties; • changes in mining and processing costs, including changes to costs of raw materials, supplies, services and personnel; • changes in metallurgy and processing; • availability of skilled personnel, contractors, materials, equipment, supplies, power and water; • changes in project parameters or mine plans; • costs and timing of development of new Mineral Reserves; • weather, including drought or excessive rainfall in West Africa; • changes in regulatory frameworks based upon per- ceived climate trends; • results of current and future exploration activities; • results of pending and future feasibility studies; • acquisitions and joint venture relationships; • political or economic instability, either globally or in the countries in which we operate; • changes in regulations affecting our operations, particu- larly in Ghana, where our principal producing properties are located; • local and community impacts and issues, including resettlement; • availability and cost of replacing Mineral Reserves; • timing of receipt and maintenance of government approvals and permits; • unanticipated transportation costs and shipping inci- dents and losses; • accidents, labor disputes and other operational haz- ards; • environmental liabilities, costs and risks; • unanticipated title issues; • competitive factors, including competition for property acquisitions; • possible litigation; and • availability of capital at reasonable rates or at all. These factors are not intended to represent a complete list of the general or specific factors that could affect us. More detailed information regarding these factors is pro- vided in the other risk factors disclosed and discussed in Item 1A below. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements except as may be required by applicable laws. CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS All units in this report are stated in metric measurements unless otherwise noted. For ease of reference, the following conversion factors are provided: 1 acre = 0.4047 hectare 1 mile = 1.6093 kilometers 1 foot = 0.3048 meter 1 troy ounce = 31.1035 grams 1 gram per metric tonne 1 short ton (2000 pounds) = 0.0292 troy ounce/short ton = 0.9072 tonne 1 tonne = 1 hectare = 1,000 kg or 2,204.6 lbs 10,000 square meters 1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometers 1 square kilometer = 100 hectares 1 kilogram = 2.204 pounds or 32.151 troy oz 1 hectare = 2.471 acres The following abbreviations may be used herein: m = meter g = gram g/t = grams per tonne ha = hectare km = kilometer T or t = tonne oz = troy ounce km2 = square kilometers kg = kilogram GLOSSARY OF TERMS We report our Mineral Reserves to two separate stan- dards to meet the requirements for reporting in both Canada and the United States. Canadian reporting re- quirements for disclosure of mineral properties are gov- erned by National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”). The definitions in NI 43-101 are adopted from those given by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum. U.S. reporting requirements for disclosure of mineral properties are governed by the SEC Industry Guide 7. These reporting standards have similar goals in terms of conveying an appropriate level of confidence in the disclosures being reported, but embody differing approaches and definitions. We estimate and report our Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves according to the definitions set forth in NI 43-101 and modify them as appropriate to conform to SEC Industry Guide 7 for reporting in the U.S. The definitions for each reporting standard are presented below with supplementary explana- tion and descriptions of the similarities and differences. NI 43-101 DEFINITIONS Mineral Reserve The term “Mineral Reserve” refers to the economically mineable part of a Measured or Indicated Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. The study must include adequate infor- mation on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction can be justified. A Mineral Reserve includes diluting materials and allowanc- es for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Proven Mineral Reserve The term “Proven Mineral Reserve” refers to the economically mineable part of a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include ad- equate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. Probable Mineral Reserve The term “Probable Mineral Reserve” refers to the economically mineable part of an Indicated, and in some circumstances, a Measured Mineral Resource demonstrated by at least a preliminary feasibility study. This study must include adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgical, economic, and other rel- evant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. Mineral Resource The term “Mineral Resource” refers to a concentration or occurrence of diamonds, natural solid inorganic material, or natural solid fossilized organic ma- terial including base and precious metals, coal, and indus- trial minerals in or on the Earth’s crust in such form and quantity and of such a grade or quality that it has reason- able prospects for economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, geological characteristics and continuity of a Mineral Resource are known, estimated or interpreted from specific geological evidence and knowledge. Measured Mineral Resource The term “Measured Mineral Resource” refers to that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support production planning and evalua- tion of the economic viability of the deposit. The esti- mate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sam- pling and through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and grade continuity. information gathered testing Indicated Mineral Resource The term “Indicated Mineral Resource” refers to that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics can be estimated with a level of confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate applica- tion of technical and economic parameters, to support mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and re- liable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough for geological and grade conti- nuity to be reasonably assumed. Inferred Mineral Resource The term “Inferred Mineral Resource” refers to that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 and grade continuity. The estimate is based on limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes. Qualified Person(1) The term “qualified person” refers to an individual who is an engineer or geoscientist with at least five years of experience in mineral exploration, mine development or operation or mineral project as- sessment, or any combination of these, has experience relevant to the subject matter of the mineral project and the technical report and is a member in good standing of a professional association. SEC INDUSTRY GUIDE 7 DEFINITIONS reserve The term “reserve” refers to that part of a min- eral deposit which could be economically and legally ex- tracted or produced at the time of the reserve determina- tion. Reserves must be supported by a feasibility study(2) done to bankable standards that demonstrates the eco- nomic extraction. (“bankable standards” implies that the confidence attached to the costs and achievements de- veloped in the study is sufficient for the project to be eli- gible for external debt financing.) A reserve includes ad- justments to the in-situ tonnes and grade to include diluting materials and allowances for losses that might occur when the material is mined. proven reserve The term “proven reserve” refers to re- serves for which (a) quantity is computed from dimensions revealed in outcrops, trenches, workings or drill holes; grade and/or quality are computed from the results of detailed sampling and (b) the sites for inspection, sampling and mea- surement are spaced so closely and the geologic character is so well defined that size, shape depth and mineral content of reserves are well-established. probable reserve The term “probable reserve” refers to reserves for which quantity and grade and/or qual- ity are computed from information similar to that used for proven (measured) reserves, but the sites for in- spection, sampling, and measurement are farther apart or are otherwise less adequately spaced. The de- gree of assurance, although lower than that for proven reserves, is high enough to assume continuity between points of observation. mineralized material(3) The term “mineralized material” refers to material that is not included in the reserve as it does not meet all of the criteria for adequate demonstra- tion for economic or legal extraction. non-reserves The term “non-reserves” refers to mineral- ized material that is not included in the reserve as it does not meet all of the criteria for adequate demonstration for economic or legal extraction. (1) Industry Guide 7 does not require designation of a qualified person. (2) For Industry Guide 7 purposes the feasibility study must in- clude adequate information on mining, processing, metallurgi- cal, economic, and other relevant factors that demonstrate, at the time of reporting, that economic extraction is justified. (3) This category is substantially equivalent to the combined categories of Measured Mineral Resource and Indicated Mineral Resource specified in NI 43-101. ADDITIONAL DEFINITIONS assay a measure of the valuable mineral content bio-oxidation a processing method that uses bacteria to oxidize refractory sulfide ore to make it amenable to nor- mal oxide ore processing techniques such as carbon-in- leach Birimian a thick and extensive sequence of Proterozoic age metamorphosed sediments and volcanics first iden- tified in the Birim region of southern Ghana CIL or carbon-in-leach an ore processing method in- volving the use of cyanide where activated carbon, which has been added to the leach tanks, is used to ab- sorb gold as it is leached by cyanide craton a stable relatively immobile area of the earth’s crust cut-off grade when determining economically viable Mineral Reserves, the lowest grade of mineralized mate- rial that qualifies as ore, i.e. that can be mined and pro- cessed at a profit cyanidation the process of introducing cyanide to ore to recover gold diamond drilling rotary drilling using diamond-set or diamond-impregnated bits, to produce a solid continu- ous core of rock sample dip the angle that a structural surface, a bedding or fault plane, makes with the horizontal, measured perpendicular to the strike of the structure doré unrefined gold bullion bars containing various im- purities such as silver, copper and mercury, which will be further refined to near pure gold fault a surface or zone of rock fracture along which there has been displacement feasibility study a comprehensive study of a mineral deposit in which all geological, engineering, legal, oper- ating, economic, social, environmental and other rele- vant factors are considered in sufficient detail that it could reasonably serve as the basis for a final decision by a financial institution to finance the development of the deposit for mineral production exploration stage An “exploration stage” prospect is one which is not in either the development or production stage. formation a distinct layer of sedimentary rock of similar composition development stage A “development stage” project is one which is undergoing preparation of an established commercially mineable deposit for its extraction but which is not yet in production. This stage occurs after completion of a feasibility study. production stage A “production stage” project is actively engaged in the process of extraction and beneficiation of Mineral Reserves to produce a marketable metal or mineral product. geochemical the distribution and amounts of the chem- ical elements in minerals, ores, rocks, solids, water, and the atmosphere geophysical the mechanical, electrical, gravitational and magnetic properties of the earth’s crust geophysical surveys a survey method used primarily in the mining industry as an exploration tool, applying the methods of physics and engineering to the earth’s surface 4 | G o l d e n S t a r grade quantity of metal per unit weight of host rock greenstone a sequence of usually metamorphosed volcanic- sedimentary rock assemblages heap leach a mineral processing method involving the crushing and stacking of an ore on an impermeable liner upon which solutions are sprayed to dissolve metals i.e. gold, copper etc.; the solutions containing the metals are then collected and treated to recover the metals host rock the rock in which a mineral or an ore body may be contained hydrothermal the products of the actions of heated wa- ter, such as a mineral deposit precipitated from a hot solu- tion in-situ in its natural position life-of-mine a term commonly used to refer to the likely term of a mining operation and normally determined by dividing the tonnes of Mineral Reserve by the annual rate of mining and processing mineral a naturally occurring inorganic crystalline mate- rial having a definite chemical composition mineralization a natural accumulation or concentration in rocks or soil of one or more potentially economic min- erals, also the process by which minerals are introduced or concentrated in a rock National Instrument 43-101 or NI 43-101 standards of dis- closure for mineral projects prescribed by the Canadian Securities Administration non-refractory ore containing gold that can be satisfac- torily recovered by basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation open pit surface mining in which the ore is extracted from a pit or quarry, the geometry of the pit may vary with the characteristics of the ore body ore mineral bearing rock that can be mined and treated profitably under current or immediately foreseeable economic conditions ore body a mostly solid and fairly continuous mass of mineralization estimated to be economically mineable ore grade the average weight of the valuable metal or mineral contained in a specific weight of ore i.e. grams per tonne of ore oxide gold bearing ore which results from the oxidation of near surface sulfide ore Precambrian period of geologic time, prior to 700 million years ago preliminary assessment a study that includes an eco- nomic analysis of the potential viability of Mineral Resources taken at an early stage of the project prior to the completion of a preliminary feasibility study preliminary feasibility study and pre-feasibility study each mean a comprehensive study of the viability of a mineral project that has advanced to a stage where the mining method, in the case of underground mining, or the pit configuration in the case of an open pit, has been es- tablished and an effective method of mineral processing has been determined, and includes a financial analysis based on reasonable assumptions of technical, engi- neering, legal, operating, economic, social, and environ- mental factors and the evaluation of other relevant fac- tors which are sufficient for a qualified person, acting reasonably, to determine if all or part of the Mineral Resource may be classified as a Mineral Reserve the more recent time division of the Proterozoic Precambrian; rocks aged between 2,500 million and 550 million years old put a financial instrument that provides the right, but not the obligation, to sell a specified number of ounces of gold at a specified price QA/QC Quality Assurance/Quality Control is the pro- cess of controlling and assuring data quality for assays and other exploration and mining data RC (reverse circulation) drilling a drilling method using a tri-cone bit, during which rock cuttings are pushed from the bottom of the drill hole to the surface through an outer tube, by liquid and/or air pressure moving through an inner tube refractory ore containing gold that cannot be satisfac- torily recovered by basic gravity concentration or simple cyanidation resettlement the relocation or resettlement of a com- munity or part of a community rock indurated naturally occurring mineral matter of vari- ous compositions sampling and analytical variance/precision an estimate of the total error induced by sampling, sample prepara- tion and analysis shield a large area of exposed basement rocks often surrounded by younger rocks, e.g. Guiana Shield strike the direction or trend that a structural surface, e.g. a bedding or fault plane, takes as it intersects the horizontal strip to remove overburden in order to expose ore sulfide a mineral including sulfur (S) and iron (Fe) as well as other elements; metallic sulfur-bearing mineral often associated with gold mineralization tailings fine ground wet waste material produced from ore after economically recoverable metals or minerals have been extracted Tarkwaian a group of sedimentary rocks of Proterozoic age named after the town of Tarkwa in southern Ghana where they were found to be gold bearing tectonic relating to the forces that produce movement and deformation of the Earth’s crust transition ore is an ore zone lying between the oxide ore and the sulfide ore; ore material that is partially weath- ered and oxidized vein a thin, sheet-like crosscutting body of hydrother- mal mineralization, principally quartz VTEM a proprietary airborne geophysical survey sys- tems that identifies electrical conductivity of rock units 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 P A R T I ITEM 1. BUSINESS OVERVIEW OF GOLDEN STAR We are a Canadian federally–incorporated, international gold mining and exploration company producing gold in Ghana, West Africa. We also conduct gold exploration in other countries in West Africa and in South America. Golden Star Resources Ltd. was established under the Canada Business Corporations Act on May 15, 1992 as a result of the amalgamation of South American Goldfields Inc., a corporation incorporated under the federal laws of Canada, and Golden Star Resources Ltd., a corpora- tion originally incorporated under the provisions of the Alberta Business Corporations Act on March 7, 1984 as Southern Star Resources Ltd. Our principal office is lo- cated at 10901 West Toller Drive, Suite 300, Littleton, Colorado 80127, and our registered and records offices are located at 333 Bay Street, Bay Adelaide Centre, Box 20, Toronto, Ontario M5H 2T6. We own controlling interests in several gold properties in southwest Ghana: • Through a 90% owned subsidiary, Golden Star (Bogoso/ Prestea) Limited (“GSBPL”), we own and operate the Bogoso/Prestea gold mining and processing opera- tions (“Bogoso/Prestea”) located near the town of Bogoso, Ghana. GSBPL operates a gold ore process- ing facility at Bogoso/Prestea with a capacity of up to 3.5 million tonnes of ore per annum, which uses bio- oxidation technology to treat refractory sulfide ore (“Bogoso sulfide plant”). In addition, GSBPL has a carbon-in-leach (“CIL”) processing facility located next to the sulfide plant, which is suitable for treating oxide gold ores (“Bogoso oxide plant”) at a rate up to 1.5 million tonnes per annum. Bogoso/Prestea pro- duced and sold 170,973 ounces of gold in 2010 and 186,054 ounces of gold in 2009. • Through another 90% owned subsidiary, Golden Star (Wassa) Limited (“GSWL”), we own and operate the Wassa open-pit gold mine and carbon-in-leach pro- cessing plant (“Wassa”), located approximately 35 km east of Bogoso/Prestea. The design capacity of the carbon-in-leach processing plant at Wassa (“Wassa plant”) is nominally 3.0 million tonnes per annum but varies depending on the ratio of hard to soft ore. GSWL also owns the Hwini-Butre and Benso conces- sions (the “HBB properties”) in southwest Ghana. The HBB properties send their ore to Wassa for process- ing. The Hwini-Butre and Benso concessions are lo- cated approximately 80 km and 50 km, respectively, by road south of Wassa. Wassa/HBB produced and sold 183,931 ounces of gold in 2010 and 223,848 ounc- es of gold in 2009. We also hold interests in several gold exploration projects in Ghana and elsewhere in West Africa including Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Niger and Côte d’Ivoire, and in South America where we hold exploration properties in Brazil. All our operations, with the exception of certain explo- ration projects, transact business in U.S. dollars and keep financial records in U.S. dollars. Our accounting records are kept in accordance with Cdn GAAP. Our fiscal year ends December 31. We are a reporting is- suer or the equivalent in all provinces of Canada, in Ghana and in the United States and file disclosure doc- uments with securities regulatory authorities in Canada and Ghana, and with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. Note that gold productions Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources are shown on a 100% basis in this Form 10-K, which represents our current beneficial interest. While the Government of Ghana owns a 10% carried interest in GSBPL and in GSWL, the Government’s interest is limit- ed to 10% of any dividends distributed from GSBPL and GSWL but only after their outstanding loans and interest have been repaid to Golden Star. The Mineral Resources at Prestea Underground, which are owned by GSBPL, are also subject to the Government of Ghana’s 10% mi- nority interest, resulting in an effective 81% interest. GOLD SALES AND PRODUCTION Ghana has been a significant gold producing country for over 100 years with AngloGold Ashanti’s Obuasi mine and our inactive underground mine at Prestea his- torically being the two major producers. Several other areas in Ghana have also produced large amounts of gold. Ghana produced just under 3 million ounces of gold in 2009. Currently, all our gold production is shipped to a South African gold refinery in accordance with a long-term gold sales contract. Our gold is sold in the form of doré bars that average approximately 90% gold by weight with the remaining portion being silver and other metals. The sales price is based on the London P.M. fix on the day of shipment to the refinery. GOLD PRICE HISTORY The price of gold is volatile and is affected by numerous factors all of which are beyond our control such as the sale or purchase of gold by various central banks and financial institutions, inflation, recession, fluctuation in the relative values of the U.S. dollar and foreign curren- cies, changes in global and regional gold demand, and the political and economic conditions of major gold- producing countries throughout the world. 6 | G o l d e n S t a r The following table presents the high, low and average London P.M. fixed prices for gold per ounce on the London Bullion Market over the past ten years. Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 To February 22, 2011 Average Price Received by Golden Star 271 311 364 410 446 607 713 870 978 1,219 Average 271 310 363 410 445 603 695 872 972 1,225 Low 256 278 320 375 411 525 608 713 810 1,058 High 293 349 416 454 537 725 841 1,011 1,213 1,421 1,403 1,319 1,358 NA The following diagram depicts the organizational structure of Golden Star and its significant subsidiaries: fourth quarter of 2008, and in May 2009 the Hwini-Butre mine began shipping ore to the Wassa plant for processing. Our overall objective is to grow our business to become a mid-tier gold producer. We continue to evaluate poten- tial acquisition and merger opportunities that could fur- ther increase our annual gold production. However, we presently have no agreement or understanding with respect to any specific potential transaction. In addition to our gold mining and development ac- tivities, we actively explore for gold in West Africa and South America, investing approximately $9.0 million on such activities during 2009 and approximately $20 million during 2010. We are conducting regional re- connaissance projects in Ghana, Cote d’Ivoire and Brazil, and have drilled more advanced targets in Ghana, Niger, Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso and Brazil. See Item 2 – “Description of Properties” for additional details on our assets. GOLD PRODUCTION AND UNIT COSTS The following table shows historical and projected gold production and cash operating costs. Bogoso Holdings (Cayman Islands) 100% Wasford Holdings (Cayman Islands) 100% Golden Star Exploration Holdings (Cayman Islands) 100% WASSA/HBB Gold Sales (thousands of ounces) 125.4 223.8 183.9 Golden Star Resources Ltd. (Canada) Caystar Holdings (Cayman Island) 100% Golden Star (Bogoso/Prestea) Limited (Ghana) 90% Golden Star (Wassa) Limited (Ghana) 90% Various Exploration Entities (West Africa & South America) 100% BUSINESS STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT Our business and development strategy has been fo- cused primarily on the acquisition of producing and de- velopment-stage gold properties in Ghana and on the exploration, development and operation of these proper- ties. We have also pursued exploration activities in South America and other countries in West Africa. We acquired Bogoso in 1999 and have operated the Bogoso oxide plant most of the time since then to process oxide and other nonrefractory ores. In 2001, we acquired the Prestea property located adjacent to our Bogoso prop- erty and mined surface deposits at Prestea from late 2001 to late 2006. In late 2002, we acquired Wassa, and con- structed the Wassa plant, which began commercial opera- tion in April 2005. In July 2007, we completed construc- tion and development of the Bogoso sulfide plant. In late 2005, we acquired the HBB properties consisting of the Benso and Hwini-Butre properties. Benso develop- ment activities started in late 2007, and in 2008 we began trucking ore from the Benso mine to the Wassa plant for processing. Hwini-Butre development was initiated in the 160.0 - 180.0 950 - 1,050 170.0 - 180.0 650 - 700 330.0 - 360.0 800 - 870 2008 2009 2010 2011 Projected Production and Cost Per Ounce(1) BOGOSO/PRESTEA Gold Sales (thousands of ounces) Cash Operating Cost ($/oz) 837 705 863 170.5 186.1 171.1 Cash Operating Cost ($/oz) 554 447 677 CONSOLIDATED Consolidated Total Sales (thousands of ounces) 295.9 409.9 354.9 Consolidated Cash Operating Cost ($/oz) 717 564 766 (1) See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for a definition of cash operating cost per ounce. MINERAL RESERVES Our Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves are estimat- ed in conformance with definitions set out in NI 43-101. We have filed Technical Reports regarding the initial dis- closure of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/HBB as required by NI 43- 101. The Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves are those ore tonnages contained within economically optimized pits, configured using current and predicted mining and processing methods and related operating costs and performance parameters. We believe that our Mineral Reserves are estimated on a basis consistent with the definition of proven and probable reserves prescribed for use in the U.S. by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and set forth in SEC Industry Guide 7. See our “Glossary of Terms.” 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 In estimating Mineral Reserves, we first design an eco- nomically optimized pit based on all operating costs, in- cluding the costs to mine. Since all material lying within the optimized pit will be mined, the cut-off grade used in determining our Mineral Reserves is estimated based on the material that, having been mined, is economic to transport and process without regard to primary mining costs (i.e. mining costs that were appropriately applied at the economic optimization stage). The QA/QC controls program used in connection with the estimation of our Mineral Reserves consists of regu- lar insertion and analysis of blanks and standards to monitor laboratory performance. Blanks are used to check for contamination. Standards are used to check for grade-dependence biases. The following table summarizes our estimated Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves as of December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009: PROVEN AND PROBABLE MINERAL RESERVES Property Mineral Reserve Category Bogoso/Prestea(1) Proven Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven Probable Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Refractory Total Probable Total Proven and Probable Non-refractory Refractory Total Bogoso/Prestea Proven and Probable Wassa(2) Proven Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Probable Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Total Wassa Proven and Probable Totals Proven Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven Probable Mineral Reserves Non-refractory Refractory Total Probable Total Proven and Probable Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven and Probable(8) As at December 31, 2010 Gold Grade (g/t) Tonnes (millions) Ounces (millions) As at December 31, 2009 Gold Grade (g/t) Tonnes (millions) Ounces (millions) 1.3 12.0 13.2 7.0 26.9 34.0 8.3 38.9 47.2 0.6 17.5 18.1 1.9 12.0 13.9 24.5 26.9 51.5 26.4 38.9 65.3 1.58 2.79 2.67 2.31 2.45 2.42 2.20 2.56 2.49 1.14 1.44 1.43 1.43 2.79 2.60 1.69 2.45 2.09 1.67 2.56 2.20 0.06 1.07 1.14 0.52 2.13 2.65 0.59 3.20 3.78 0.02 0.81 0.83 0.09 1.07 1.16 1.33 2.13 3.46 1.42 3.20 4.62 1.1 9.7 10.8 5.0 15.5 20.5 6.1 25.1 31.2 0.8 16.3 17.1 1.9 9.7 11.6 21.3 15.5 36.8 23.2 25.1 48.3 1.60 3.08 2.92 2.60 2.65 2.64 2.42 2.81 2.74 1.91 1.79 1.79 1.73 3.08 2.86 1.98 2.65 2.26 1.96 2.81 2.40 0.06 0.96 1.01 0.42 1.32 1.73 0.47 2.27 2.75 0.05 0.94 0.99 0.11 0.96 1.06 1.35 1.32 2.67 1.46 2.27 3.73 Notes to the Mineral Reserve Statement: (1) The stated Mineral Reserve for Bogoso/Prestea includes Prestea South, Pampe and Mampon. (2) The stated Mineral Reserve for Wassa includes the Hwini-Butre and Benso properties. (3) The stated Mineral Reserves have been prepared in accordance with Canada’s National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects and are classified in accordance with the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum’s “CIM Definition Standards – For Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves”. Mineral Reserves are equivalent to “proven” and “probable reserves” as defined by the SEC Industry Guide 7. Mineral Reserve estimates reflect the Company’s reasonable expectation that all necessary permits and approvals will be obtained and maintained. Mining dilution and mining recovery vary by deposit and have been applied in estimating the Mineral Reserves. (4) The 2010 and 2009 Mineral Reserves were prepared under the supervision of Mr. Karl Smith, Vice President Technical Services for the Company. Mr. Smith is a “Qualified Person” as defined by Canada’s National Instrument 43-101. 8 | G o l d e n S t a r (5) The Mineral Reserves at December 31, 2010, were estimated using a gold price of $1,025 per ounce, which is approximately equal to the three-year average gold price. At December 31, 2009, Mineral Reserves were estimated using a gold price of $850 per ounce. (6) The terms “non-refractory” and “refractory” refer to the metallurgical characteristics of the ore and are defined in the Glossary of Terms. We plan to process the refractory ore in our sulfide bio-oxidation plant at Bogoso and to process the non-refractory ore using our more traditional gravity, flotation and/or cyanidation techniques. (7) The slope angles of all pit designs are based on geotechnical criteria as established by external consultants. The size and shape of the pit designs are guided by consideration of the results from a pit optimization program which incorporates historical and projected operating costs at Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and Hwini-Butre and Benso. Metallurgical recoveries are based on histori- cal performance or estimated from test work and typically range from 80% to 95% for non-refractory ores and from 70% to 85% for refractory ores. A government royalty of 5% of gold revenues is allowed as are other applicable royalties. (8) Numbers may not add due to rounding. STOCKPILED ORES Stockpiled ores are included in the Mineral Reserves for both Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa. Details of the Proven and Probable stockpiles included in the Mineral Reserves at year-end 2010 and 2009 are summarized in the table below. PROVEN AND PROBABLE STOCKPILES INCLUDED IN MINERAL RESERVES Property Mineral Reserve Category Bogoso/Prestea Proven Stockpiles Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven Stockpiles Probable Stockpiles Non-refractory Refractory Total Probable Stockpiles Total Proven and Probable Non-refractory Refractory Total Bogoso/Prestea Proven and Probable Wassa Proven Stockpiles Non-refractory Probable Stockpiles Non-refractory Total Wassa Proven and Probable Stockpiles Totals Proven Stockpiles Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven Stockpiles Probable Stockpiles Non-refractory Refractory Total Probable Stockpiles Total Proven and Probable Stockpiles Non-refractory Refractory Total Proven and Probable Stockpiles As at December 31, 2010 Gold Grade (g/t) Tonnes (millions) Ounces (millions) As at December 31, 2009 Gold Grade (g/t) Tonnes (millions) Ounces (millions) 0.0 0.0 0.1 — 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.6 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 2.6 0.2 2.8 2.9 0.2 3.1 2.56 2.10 2.42 — 2.31 2.31 2.56 2.30 2.33 0.78 0.52 0.55 0.98 2.10 1.03 0.52 2.31 0.67 0.57 2.30 0.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 — 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.0 0.1 0.1 — 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.3 2.7 3.0 0.3 0.1 0.4 2.7 0.7 3.4 3.0 0.7 3.8 2.32 2.67 2.57 — 2.34 2.34 2.32 2.37 2.37 1.08 0.52 0.57 1.20 2.67 1.49 0.52 2.34 0.87 0.59 2.37 0.93 0.00 0.01 0.01 — 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.11 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 9 RECONCILIATION OF MINERAL RESERVES AS SHOWN UNDER NI 43-101 AND UNDER SEC INDUSTRY GUIDE 7 Since we report our Mineral Reserves to both NI 43-101 and SEC Industry Guide 7 standards, it is possible for our Mineral Reserve figures to vary between the two. Where such a variance occurs it will arise from the differing requirements for reporting Mineral Reserves. For example, NI 43-101 has a minimum requirement that Mineral Reserves be supported by a pre-feasibility study, whereas SEC Industry Guide 7 requires support from a de- tailed feasibility study that demonstrates that economic extraction is justified. For the Mineral Reserves at December 31, 2010, and 2009, there is no difference between the Mineral Reserves as disclosed under NI 43-101 and those disclosed under SEC Industry Guide 7, and therefore no reconciliation is pro- vided. RECONCILIATION OF PROVEN AND PROBABLE MINERAL RESERVES — DECEMBER 31, 2009 TO DECEMBER 31, 2010 Mineral Reserves at December 31, 2009 Gold Price Increase(1) and (6) Exploration Changes(2) and (7) Mining Depletion(3) Engineering(4) Mineral Reserves at December 31, 2010(5) Notes to the reconciliation of Mineral Reserves: Tonnes (millions) Contained Ounces (millions) Tonnes (% of Opening) Ounces (% of Opening) 48.3 15.5 4.3 (4.3) 1.5 65.3 3.73 0.74 0.51 (0.46) 0.10 4.62 100% 32% 9% (9)% 3% 135% 100% 20% 14% (12)% 3% 124% (1) Gold Price Increase represents changes resulting from an increase in gold price used in the Mineral Reserve estimates from $850 per ounce in 2009 to $1,025 per ounce in 2010. (2) Exploration Changes include changes due to geological modeling, data interpretation and resource block modeling methodol- ogy as well as exploration discovery of new mineralization. (3) Mining Depletion represents the 2009 Mineral Reserve within the volume mined in 2010 with adjustments to account for stock- pile addition and depletions during 2010 and therefore does not correspond with 2010 actual gold production. (4) Engineering includes changes as a result of engineering facts such as changes in operating costs, mining dilution and recovery assumptions, metallurgical recoveries, pit slope angles and other mine design and permitting considerations. (5) Numbers may not add due to rounding. (6) Pit design changes that are primarily due to a higher gold price are included here. (7) Pit design changes that are primarily due to exploration discoveries are included here. NON-RESERVES — MEASURED AND INDICATED MINERAL RESOURCES Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources This section uses the terms “Measured Mineral Resources” and “Indicated Mineral Resources.” We advise U.S. investors that while those terms are recognized and required by Canadian regulations, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize them. US investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these categories will ever be converted into Mineral Reserves. Our Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources, which are reported in this Form 10-K, do not include that part of our Mineral Resources that have been converted to Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves as shown above, and have been estimated in compliance with definitions set out in NI 43-101. Golden Star Resources has filed Technical Reports regarding the initial disclosure of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and the HBB properties as required by NI 43-101 regulations. See our “Glossary of Terms.” Except as otherwise provided, the total Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources for all properties have been esti- mated at an economic cut-off grade based on a gold price of $1,300 per ounce for December 31, 2010, and $1,000 per ounce for December 31, 2009, and on economic parameters deemed realistic. The economic cut-off grades for Mineral Resources are lower than those for Mineral Reserves and are indicative of the fact that the Mineral Resource estimates include material that may become economic under more favorable conditions including increases in gold price. 1 0 | G o l d e n S t a r The following table summarizes our estimated non-reserves — Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2010, as compared to the totals for December 31, 2009: Measured Indicated Measured & Indicated Property Bogoso/Prestea(1) Prestea Underground Wassa Benso Chichiwelli Manso Hwini-Butre Father Brown Underground (8) Goulagou(7) Total 2010(6) Total 2009 Tonnes (millions) Gold Grade (g/t) 1.94 — 0.88 — — — — — 1.93 1.87 8.5 — 0.1 — — — — — 8.6 4.8 Tonnes (millions) 19.3 1.1 20.3 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 46.4 21.8 Gold Grade (g/t) 2.00 15.80 1.07 2.53 1.80 2.07 6.68 1.75 2.00 2.66 Tonnes (millions) 27.8 1.1 20.4 0.8 0.9 0.5 0.8 2.7 54.9 26.6 Gold Grade (g/t) 1.98 15.80 1.07 2.53 1.80 2.07 6.68 1.75 1.99 2.52 Notes to Non-Reserves — Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources Table: (1) The Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea include Pampe and Mampon. (2) The Mineral Resources were estimated in accordance with the definitions and requirements of Canada’s National Instrument 43-101. The Mineral Resources are equivalent to Mineralized Material as defined by the SEC Industry Guide 7. (3) The Mineral Resources, other than for Goulagou (see Note 7), were estimated using optimized pit shells at a gold price of $1,300 per ounce from which the Mineral Reserves have been subtracted. Other than gold price, the same optimized pit shell parameters and modifying factors used to determine the Mineral Reserves were used to determine the Mineral Resources. The Prestea Underground resource was estimated using a $1,300 per ounce gold price and operating cost estimates. In 2009, we used a gold price of $1,000 per ounce for the optimized shell. (4) The Mineral Resources are not included in and are in addition to the Mineral Reserves described above. (5) The Qualified Person for the estimation of the Mineral Resources is S. Mitchel Wasel, Golden Star Resources Vice President of Exploration. (6) Numbers may not add due to rounding. (7) The Mineral Resources for Goulagou were estimated using optimized pit shells at a gold price of $560. Pit optimization param- eters for the Goulagou Mineral Resources were estimated based on feasibility studies on other similar gold deposits in Burkina Faso, Golden Star’s experience in West Africa, and from limited metallurgical test work on the Goulagou ores. Heap leach pro- cessing was the assumed processing option for this deposit. Goulagou is 10% owned by an unrelated party. (8) The Father Brown Underground resource has been estimated below the $1,300 pit shell down to the 700 m elevation using an economic gold grade cut off of 4.5 g/t. NON-RESERVES — INFERRED MINERAL RESOURCES Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Concerning Estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources This section uses the term “Inferred Mineral Resources.” We advise U.S. investors that while this term is recognized and required by NI 43-101, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission does not recognize it. “Inferred Mineral Resources” have a great amount of uncertainty as to their existence, and great uncertainty as to their economic and legal feasibil- ity. It cannot be assumed that all or any part of Inferred Mineral Resources will ever be upgraded to a higher category. In accordance with Canadian rules, estimates of Inferred Mineral Resources cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of the Inferred Mineral Resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable. Our Inferred Mineral Resources have been estimated in compliance with definitions defined by NI 43-101. Golden Star Resources has filed Technical Reports regarding the initial disclosure of Mineral Reserves and Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and the HBB properties as required by NI 43-101. See our “Glossary of Terms.” The total Inferred Mineral Resources for all of our open pit deposits are those ore tonnages contained within economi- cally optimized pits, configured using current and predicted mining and processing methods and related operating costs and performance parameters. Except as otherwise indicated, the Inferred Mineral Resources for all properties have been estimated at economic cut-off grades based on gold prices of $1,300 per ounce and $1,000 per ounce as of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, respectively, and economic parameters deemed realistic. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 1 The following table summarizes estimated non-reserves — Inferred Mineral Resources as of December 31, 2010, as compared to the total for December 31, 2009: Property Bogoso/Prestea(1) Prestea Underground Wassa Benso Hwini-Butre Chichiwelli Manso Father Brown Underground(8) Goulagou(7) Total 2010 Total 2009 Tonnes (millions) 10.6 4.1 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.5 16.5 11.0 Gold Grade (g/t) 2.11 8.20 2.27 3.56 1.71 2.23 5.97 1.00 3.66 4.62 Notes to Non-Reserves — Inferred Mineral Resources Table (1) The Inferred Mineral Resources for Bogoso/Prestea incorpo- rates Pampe and Mampon. (2) The Inferred Mineral Resources were estimated in accor- dance with the definitions and requirements of Canada’s National Instrument 43-101. Inferred Mineral Resources are not recognized by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. (3) The Inferred Mineral Resources, other than for Goulagou, were estimated using an optimized pit shell at a gold price of $1,300 per ounce from which the Mineral Reserves have been subtracted. Other than gold price, the same opti- mized pit shell parameters and modifying factors used to determine the Mineral Reserves were used to determine the Mineral Resources. For Goulagou optimized pit shell at a gold price of $560 was used. The Prestea Underground resource was estimated using an $1,300 per ounce gold price and operating cost estimates. (4) The Inferred Mineral Resources are not included in and are in addition to the Mineral Reserves described above. (5) The Qualified Person for the estimation of the Inferred Mineral Resources is S. Mitchel Wasel, Golden Star Resources Vice President of Exploration. (6) Numbers may not add due to rounding. (7) Pit optimization parameters for the Goulagou Inferred Mineral Resources were estimated based on feasibility studies on other similar gold deposits in Burkina Faso, Golden Star’s experience in West Africa, and from limited metallurgical test work on the Goulagou ores. Heap leach processing was the assumed pro- cessing option for this deposit. (8) The Father Brown Underground resource has been estimat- ed below the $1,300 pit shell down to the 700 m elevation using an economic gold grade cut off of 4.5 g/t. EMPLOYEES As of December 31, 2010, Golden Star, including our ma- jority-owned subsidiaries, had approximately 2,120 full time employees and approximately 370 contract employ- ees, for a total of 2,490, a 13% increase from the approxi- mately 2,200 full time and contract employees at the end of 2009. The 2010 total includes 20 employees at our principal office in Littleton, Colorado and 4 exploration personnel in South America. CUSTOMERS Currently all of our gold production is shipped to a South African gold refinery in accordance with a gold sales contract. The refinery arranges for sale of the gold on the day it is shipped from the mine site and we receive payment for gold sold approximately two working days 1 2 | G o l d e n S t a r after the gold leaves the mine site. The global gold mar- ket is competitive with numerous banks and refineries willing to buy gold on short notice. Therefore, we believe that the loss of our current customer would not materi- ally delay or disrupt revenues. COMPETITION Our competitive position depends upon our ability to successfully and economically explore, acquire and develop new and existing gold properties. Factors that allow gold producers to remain competitive in the market over the long term include the quality and sizeof ore bodies, cost of operation, and the acquisition and retention of qualified employees. We compete with other mining com- panies in the acquisition, exploration, financing and de- velopment of new mineral properties. Many of these com- panies are larger and better capitalized than we are. There is significant competition for a limited number of gold acquisition and exploration opportunities. We also com- pete with other mining companies for skilled mining en- gineers, mine and processing plant operators and me- chanics, mining equipment, geologists, geophysicists and other experienced technical personnel. SEASONALITY All of our operations are in tropical climates that experi- ence annual rainy seasons. Ore output from our surface mining operations can be reduced during wet periods. While mine plans anticipate periods of high rain fall each year, in the third and fourth quarters of 2010 unusually heavy rainfall disrupted operations at both Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa/HBB for extended periods. Exploration activities are generally timed to avoid the rainy periods to ease transportation logistics associated with wet roads and swollen rivers. AVAILABLE INFORMATION We make available, free of charge, on or through our Internet website, our annual report on Form 10-K, quar- terly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pur- suant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Our Internet address is www.gsr.com. Our Internet website and the information contained therein or connect- ed thereto are not intended to be, and are not incorpo- rated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS You should consider the following discussion of risks in ad- dition to the other information contained in or included by reference in this Form 10-K. In addition to historical infor- mation, the information in this Form 10-K contains “for- ward-looking statements” about our future business and performance. Our actual operating results and financial performance may be very different from what we expect as of the date of this Form 10-K. The risks below address material factors that may affect our future operating results and financial performance. GENERAL RISKS A substantial or prolonged decline in gold prices would have a material adverse effect on us. The price of our common shares, our financial results and our exploration, development and mining activities have previously been, and would in the future be significantly adversely affected by a substantial or prolonged decline in the price of gold. The price of gold is volatile and is affect- ed by numerous factors beyond our control such as the sale or purchase of gold by various central banks and fi- nancial institutions, inflation or deflation, fluctuation in the value of the United States dollar and foreign currencies, global and regional demand, and the political and econom- ic conditions of major gold-producing countries through- out the world. Any drop in the price of gold adversely im- pacts our revenues, profits and cash flows. In particular, a sustained low gold price could: • cause suspension of our mining operations at Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa/HBB if these operations become uneconomic at the then-prevailing gold price, thus further reducing revenues; • cause us to be unable to fulfill our obligations under agreements with our partners or under our permits and licenses which could cause us to lose our interests in, or be forced to sell, some of our properties; • cause us to be unable to fulfill our debt payment obligations; • halt or delay the development of new projects; and • reduce funds available for exploration, with the result that depleted mineral reserves are not replaced. Furthermore, the need to reassess the feasibility of any of our projects because of declining gold prices could cause substantial delays or could interrupt operations until a re- assessment could be completed. Mineral reserve estima- tions and life-of-mine plans using significantly lower gold prices could result in reduced estimates of mineral reserves and non-reserve mineral resources and in material write- downs of our investment in mining properties and in- creased amortization, reclamation and closure charges. We have incurred and may in the future incur substan- tial losses that could make financing our operations and business strategy more difficult and that may affect our ability to service our debts as they become due. While we had net income of $16.5 million in 2009, we experienced net losses of $8.3 million, $119.3 million and $35.3 million in 2010, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and have experienced net losses in other prior fiscal years. In recent years, increasing operating costs, natural varia- tion in ore grades and gold recovery rates within the pits mined, and impairment write-offs of mine property and exploration property costs have been the primary fac- tors contributing to such losses. In the future, these fac- tors, as well as declining gold prices, could cause us to continue to be unprofitable. Future operating losses could adversely affect our ability to raise additional cap- ital if needed, and could materially and adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. In addition, continuing operating losses could affect our ability to meet our debt payment obligations. Our obligations could strain our financial position and impede our business strategy. We had total consolidated debt and liabilities as of December 31, 2010, of $282.3 million, including $15.7 mil- lion in equipment financing loans; $108.8 million ($125.0 million including the loan’s equity portion) pursuant to the convertible debentures; $88.5 million of current trade payables, accrued current and other liabilities; $21.6 million of current and future taxes; $2.7 million payable un- der capital leases and a $45.0 million accrual for environ- mental rehabilitation liabilities. Our indebtedness and other liabilities may increase as a result of general corporate ac- tivities. These liabilities could have important consequences, including the following: • increasing our vulnerability to general adverse eco- nomic and industry conditions; • limiting our ability to obtain additional financing to fund future working capital, capital expenditures, explora- tion costs and other general corporate requirements; • requiring us to dedicate a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to make debt service pay- ments, which would reduce our ability to fund working capital, capital expenditures, exploration and other general corporate requirements; • limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, chang- es in our business and the industry; and • placing us at a disadvantage when compared to our competitors that have less debt relative to their mar- ket capitalization. Our estimates of Mineral Reserves and non-reserves could be inaccurate, which could cause actual produc- tion and costs to differ from estimates. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and non-reserve Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources, including many factors beyond our control. The accura- cy of estimates of Mineral Reserves and nonreserves is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engi- neering and geological interpretation, which could prove to be unreliable. These estimates of Mineral Reserves and non-reserves may not be accurate, and Mineral Reserves and non-reserves may not be able to be mined or processed profitably. Fluctuation in gold prices, results of drilling, metallurgi- cal testing, changes in operating costs, production, and the evaluation of mine plans subsequent to the date of any estimate could require revision of the estimates. The volume and grade of Mineral Reserves mined and pro- cessed and recovery rates might not be the same as cur- rently anticipated. Any material reductions in estimates of our Mineral Reserves and non-reserves, or of our abil- ity to extract these Mineral Reserves and non-reserves, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. We currently have only two sources of operational cash flows, which could be insufficient by themselves to fund our continuing exploration and development activities. While we have received significant infusions of cash from sales of equity and debt securities, our only cur- rent significant internal sources of funds are operation- al cash flows from Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/HBB. The anticipated continuing exploration and develop- ment of our properties are expected to require signifi- cant expenditures over the next several years. Although we expect sufficient internal cash flow to cover all of these projects, such expenditures may exceed free cash flows generated by Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/ HBB in future years, and therefore, we may require ad- ditional external debt or equity financing. Our ability to 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 3 raise significant new capital will be a function of macro- economic conditions, future gold prices, our operation- al performance and our then current cash flow and debt position, among other factors. In light of the current limited global availability of credit, we may not be able to obtain adequate financing on acceptable terms or at all, which could cause us to delay or indefinitely post- pone further exploration and development of our prop- erties. As a result, we could lose our interest in, or could be forced to sell, some of our properties. We are subject to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could materially adversely affect our finan- cial position. Our revenues are in United States dollars, and we main- tain most of our working capital in United States dollars or United States dollar-denominated securities. We con- vert our United States funds to foreign currencies as cer- tain payment obligations become due. Accordingly, we are subject to fluctuations in the rates of currency ex- change between the United States dollar and these for- eign currencies, and these fluctuations could materially affect our financial position and results of operations. A significant portion of the operating costs at Bogoso/ Prestea and Wassa/HBB is based on the Ghanaian cur- rency, the Cedi. We are required by the Government of Ghana to convert into Cedis 20% of the foreign exchange proceeds that we receive from selling gold, but the Government could require us to convert a higher per- centage of gold sales proceeds into Cedis in the future. We obtain construction and other services and materials and supplies from providers in South Africa and other countries. The costs of goods and services could in- crease or decrease due to changes in the value of the United States dollar or the Cedi, the Euro, the South African Rand or other currencies. Consequently, opera- tion and development of our properties could be more costly than anticipated. tions. Any acquisition would be accompanied by risks. For example, there may be a significant change in commodity prices after we have committed to complete a transaction and established the purchase price or exchange ratio, a material ore body may prove to be below expectations or the acquired business or assets may have unknown liabili- ties which may be significant. We may lose the services of our key employees or the key employees of any business we acquire or have difficulty integrating operations and personnel. The integration of an acquired business or as- sets may disrupt our ongoing business and our relation- ships with employees, suppliers and contractors. Any one or more of these factors or other risks could cause us not to realize the anticipated benefits of an acquisition of proper- ties or companies, and could have a material adverse effect on our current business and financial condition and on our ability to grow. We are subject to litigation risks. All industries, including the mining industry, are subject to legal claims, with and without merit. As such, we are involved in various routine legal proceedings incidental to our business. Defense and settlement costs can be substantial, even with respect to claims that have no mer- it. Due to the inherent uncertainty of the litigation pro- cess, the resolution of any particular legal proceeding could have a material effect on our future financial posi- tion and results of operations. We are subject to a number of operational hazards that can delay production or result in liability to us. Our activities are subject to a number of risks and haz- ards including: • power shortages; • mechanical and electrical equipment failures; • parts availability; • unexpected changes in ore grades; Our hedging activities might be unsuccessful and incur losses. • unexpected changes in ore chemistry and gold recov- During the second quarter of 2010, we entered into con- tracts with respect to 32,000 ounces of gold to address potential gold price volatility. All of these contracts expired by the end of the second quarter of 2010. As of December 31, 2010, we had no outstanding hedge contracts. While we may enter into additional hedging arrangements in the future, further hedging activities might not protect adequately against declines in the price of gold. In addition, although a hedging program could protect us from a decline in the price of gold, it might also prevent us from benefiting fully from price increases. For example, as part of a hedging pro- gram, we could be obligated to sell gold at a price lower than the then-current market price. Risks inherent in acquisitions that we might undertake could adversely affect our current business and finan- cial condition and our growth. We plan to continue to pursue the acquisition of producing, development and advanced stage exploration properties and companies. The search for attractive acquisition op- portunities and the completion of suitable transactions are time consuming and expensive, divert management atten- tion from our existing business and may be unsuccessful. Success in our acquisition activities depends on our ability to complete acquisitions on acceptable terms and inte- grate the acquired operations successfully with our opera- erability; • environmental hazards; • discharge of pollutants or hazardous chemicals; • industrial accidents; • labor disputes and shortages; • supply and shipping problems and delays; • shortage of equipment and contractor availability; • unusual or unexpected geological or operating condi- tions; • cave-ins of underground workings; • slope failures and failure of pit walls or dams; • fire; • marine and transit damage and/or loss; • changes in the regulatory environment, including in the area of climate change; • delayed or restricted access to ore due to community interventions; and • natural phenomena such as inclement weather condi- tions, floods, droughts and earthquakes. These or other occurrences could result in damage to, or destruction of, mineral properties or production facili- ties, personal injury or death, environmental damage, delays in mining, delayed production, monetary losses and possible legal liability. Satisfying such liabilities 1 4 | G o l d e n S t a r could be very costly and could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. rially adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Our mining operations are subject to numerous environ- mental laws, regulations and permitting requirements and bonding requirements that can delay production and adversely affect operating and development costs. Compliance with existing regulations governing the dis- charge of materials into the environment, or otherwise relating to environmental protection, in the jurisdictions where we have projects may have a material adverse effect on our exploration activities, results of operations and competitive position. New or expanded regulations, if adopted, could affect the exploration, development, or operation of our projects or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our operations. Portions of our Wassa property, as well as some of our ex- ploration properties in Ghana, including Dunkwa, are lo- cated within forest reserve areas. Although Dunkwa and Wassa have been identified by the Government of Ghana as eligible for mining permits, subject to normal proce- dures and a site inspection, permits for projects in forest reserve areas may not be issued in a timely fashion, or at all, and such permits may contain special requirements with which it is burdensome or uneconomic to comply. Mining and processing gold from our future develop- ment projects in Ghana will require mining, environmen- tal, and other permits and approvals from the Government of Ghana. These permits and approvals may not be issued on a timely basis or at all, and such permits and approvals, when issued, may be subject to require- ments or conditions with which it is burdensome or un- economic to comply. For example, although we received mining permits for Prestea South in 2008, we are still awaiting the environmental permit from the Government of Ghana. Such permitting issues could adversely affect our projected production commencement dates, pro- duction amounts and costs. Developing our pit at Dumasi will require us to imple- ment a resettlement action plan and reach agreements both with the residents that live close to the pit and oth- er stakeholders. These negotiations could be difficult or unsuccessful and may materially affect our ability to ac- cess these mineral reserves and mineral resources. Due to an increased level of non-governmental organiza- tion activity targeting the mining industry in Ghana, the potential for the Government of Ghana to delay the issu- ance of permits or impose new requirements or condi- tions upon mining operations in Ghana may increase. Any changes in the Government of Ghana’s policies, or their application, may be costly to comply with and may delay mining operations. The exact nature of other envi- ronmental control problems, if any, which we may en- counter in the future, cannot be predicted primarily be- cause of the changing character of environmental requirements that may be enacted within the various ju- risdictions where we operate. As a result of the foregoing risks, project expenditures, production quantities and rates and cash operating costs, among other things, could be materially and ad- versely affected and could differ materially from an- ticipated expenditures, production quantities and rates, and costs. In addition, estimated production dates could be delayed materially. Any such events could have a mate- The development and operation of our mining projects involve numerous uncertainties that could affect the feasibility or profitability of such projects. Mine development projects, including our recent devel- opment at Benso and Hwini-Butre, typically require a number of years and significant expenditures during the development phase before production is possible. Development projects are subject to the completion of successful feasibility studies and environmental and so- cioeconomic assessments, the issuance of necessary gov- ernmental permits and receipt of adequate financing. The economic feasibility of development projects is based on many factors such as: • estimation of mineral reserves and mineral resources; • mining rate, dilution and recovery; • anticipated metallurgical characteristics of the ore and gold recovery rates; • environmental and community considerations includ- ing resettlement, permitting and approvals; • future gold prices; and • anticipated capital and operating costs. Estimates of proven and probable mineral reserves and operating costs developed in feasibility studies are based on reasonable assumptions including geologic and engineering analyses and may not prove to be ac- curate. The management of mine development projects and the start up of new operations are complex. Completion of development and the commencement of production may be subject to delays, as occurred in connection with the Bogoso sulfide expansion project. Any of the follow- ing events, among others, could affect the profitability or economic feasibility of a project: • unanticipated changes in grade and tonnage of ore to be mined and processed; • unanticipated adverse geotechnical conditions; • incorrect data on which engineering assumptions are made; • costs of constructing and operating a mine in a spe- cific environment; • cost of processing and refining; • availability of economic sources of power and fuel; • availability of qualified staff; • adequacy of water supply; • adequate access to the site including competing land uses (such as agriculture and illegal mining); • unanticipated transportation costs and shipping inci- dents and losses; • significant increases in the cost of diesel fuel, cyanide or other major components of operating costs; • government regulations and changes to existing regula- tions (including regulations relating to prices, royalties, du- ties, taxes, permitting, restrictions on production, quotas on exportation of minerals, protection of the environment and agricultural lands, including bonding requirements); • fluctuations in gold prices; and • accidents, labor actions and force majeure events. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 5 Adverse effects on the operations or further development of a project could also adversely affect our business (including our ability to achieve our production estimates), financial condition, results of operations and cash flow. We need to continually discover, develop or acquire additional Mineral Reserves for gold production and a failure to do so would adversely affect our business and financial position in the future. Because mines have limited lives based on Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves, we must continually replace and expand Mineral Reserves as our mines produce gold. We are required to estimate mine life in connection with our estimation of reserves, but our estimates may not be correct. In addition, mine life would be shortened if we ex- pand production or if we lose reserves due to changes in gold price or operating costs. Our ability to maintain or in- crease our annual production of gold will be dependent in significant part on our ability to bring new mines into pro- duction and to expand or extend the life of existing mines. Gold exploration is highly speculative, involves sub- stantial expenditures, and is frequently non-productive. Gold exploration, including the exploration of the Prestea Underground and other projects, involves a high degree of risk. Exploration projects are frequently unsuccessful. Few prospects that are explored are ultimately developed into producing mines. We cannot assure you that our gold exploration efforts will be successful. The success of gold exploration is dependent in part on the following factors: • the identification of potential gold mineralization based on surface analysis; • availability of prospective land; • availability of government-granted exploration and exploitation permits; with respect to our Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa, Prestea Underground and HBB properties. Title insurance gener- ally is not available, and our ability to ensure that we have obtained a secure claim to individual mineral prop- erties or mining concessions is limited. We generally do not conduct surveys of our properties until they have reached the development stage, and therefore, the pre- cise area and location of such properties could be in doubt. Accordingly, our mineral properties could be subject to prior unregistered agreements, transfers or claims, and title could be affected by, among other things, undetected defects. In addition, we might be unable to operate our properties as permitted or to enforce our rights with re- spect to our properties. We depend on the services of key executives. We are dependent on the services of key executives including our President and Chief Executive Officer and a small number of highly skilled and experienced executive personnel. Due to the relatively small size of our management team, the loss of one or more of these persons or our inability to attract and retain additional highly skilled employees could have an adverse effect on our business and future operations. Our insurance coverage could be insufficient. Our business is subject to a number of risks and hazards generally, including: • adverse environmental conditions; • industrial accidents; • labor disputes; • unusual or unexpected geological conditions; • ground or slope failures; • cave-ins; • changes in the regulatory environment; • the quality of our management and our geological and • marine transit and shipping damage and/or losses; technical expertise; and • natural phenomena such as inclement weather condi- • the funding available for exploration and development. tions, floods and earthquakes; and Substantial expenditures are required to determine if a project has economically mineable mineralization. It could take several years to establish Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves and to develop and construct mining and processing facilities. Because of these uncertainties, we cannot assure you that current and future explora- tion programs will result in the discovery of Mineral Reserves, the expansion of our existing Mineral Reserves or the development of mines. We face competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of properties. We face strong competition from other mining companies in connection with the acquisition of properties producing, or capable of producing gold. Many of these companies have greater financial resources, operational experience and technical capabilities. As a result of this competition, we might be unable to maintain or acquire attractive min- ing properties on terms we consider acceptable or at all. Consequently, our future revenues, operations and finan- cial condition could be materially adversely affected. Title to our mineral properties could be challenged. We seek to confirm the validity of our rights to title to, or contract rights with respect to, each mineral property in which we have a material interest. We have mining leases • political risks including expropriation and civil war. Such occurrences could result in: • damage to mineral properties or production facilities and equipment; • personal injury or death; • loss of legitimate title to properties; • environmental damage to our properties or the proper- ties of others; • delays in mining, processing and development; • monetary losses; and • possible legal liability. risks at economically Although we maintain insurance in amounts that we be- lieve to be reasonable, our insurance might not cover all the potential risks associated with our business. We might also be unable to maintain insurance to cover these feasible premiums. Insurance coverage might not continue to be available or might not be adequate to cover any resulting liability. Moreover, insurance against risks such as environmen- tal pollution or other hazards as a result of exploration and production is not generally available to us or to other companies in the mining industry on acceptable terms. We might also become subject to liability for 1 6 | G o l d e n S t a r pollution or other hazards which we cannot insure against or which we might elect not to insure against because of premium costs or other reasons. Losses from these events might cause us to incur significant costs that could have a material adverse effect upon our financial performance and results of operations. GOVERNMENTAL AND REGULATORY RISKS As a holding company, limitations on the ability of our operating subsidiaries to make distributions to us could adversely affect the funding of our operations. We are a holding company that conducts operations through foreign (principally Ghanaian) subsidiaries and joint ventures, and substantially all of our assets consist of equity in these entities. Accordingly, any limitation on the transfer of cash or other assets between the parent cor- poration and these entities, or among these entities, could restrict our ability to fund our operations efficiently, or to repay the convertible debentures or other debt. Any such limitations, or the perception that such limitations might exist now or in the future, could have an adverse impact on available credit and our valuation and stock price. We are subject to changes in the regulatory environ- ment where we operate which may increase our costs of compliance. Our mining operations and exploration activities are subject to extensive regulation governing various matters, including: • licensing; • production; • taxes; • disposal of process water or waste rock; • toxic substances; • development and permitting; • exports and imports; • labor standards; • mine and occupational health and safety; • environmental protection and corporate responsibility; and • mine rehabilitation and closure plans. Compliance with these regulations increases the costs of the following: • planning; • designing; • drilling; • operating; • developing; • constructing; and • closure, reclamation and rehabilitation and post closure. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with cur- rent laws and regulations in Ghana and elsewhere. However, these laws and regulations are subject to frequent change and reinterpretation. Amendments to current laws and reg- ulations governing operations and activities of mining compa- nies or more stringent implementation or interpretation of these laws and regulations could have a material adverse impact on us. These factors could cause a reduction in lev- els of production and delay or prevent the development or ex- pansion of our properties in Ghana. The implementation of changes in regulations that limit the amount of proceeds from gold sales that could be with- drawn from Ghana could also have a material adverse im- pact on us, as Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa are currently our only sources of internally generated operating cash flows. Environmental bonding requirements are under review in Ghana and bonding requirements may be increased. As part of its periodic assessment of mine reclamation and closure costs, the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) reviews the adequacy of reclama- tion bonds and guarantees. In certain cases, it has re- quested higher levels of bonding based on its findings. If the EPA were to require additional bonding at our prop- erties, it may be difficult, if not impossible, to provide sufficient bonding. If we are unable to meet any such increased requirements or negotiate an acceptable solu- tion with the Ghanaian government, our operations and exploration and development activities in Ghana may be materially adversely affected. The Government of Ghana has the right to increase its interest in certain subsidiaries. In accordance with the Minerals and Mining Act, 2006 (Act 703), the Government of Ghana has a 10% carried interest in the mineral operations of Ghanaian mining companies. The carried interest comes into existence at the time the government issues a mining license. As such, the Government of Ghana currently has a 10% carried interest in our subsidiaries that own the Bogoso/Prestea properties, and the Wassa/HBB properties. Under Act 703, the Government has the right to acquire a special share or “golden share” in such subsidiaries at any time for no consideration or such consideration as the Government of Ghana and such subsidiaries might agree, and a pre-emptive right to purchase all gold and other minerals produced by such subsidiaries. A “golden share” carries no voting rights and does not participate in dividends, profits or assets. While the Government of Ghana has not sought to exercise any of these rights at our properties, any such attempts to do so in the future could adversely affect our financial results. During the first quarter of 2010, the Government of Ghana amended the Minerals and Mining Act to change the method of calculating mineral royalties payable to the Government. The prior rules established a royalty rate of not less than 3% and not more than 6% of a mine’s total revenues, the exact amount being determined by each mine’s margin as defined in the law. Under the old rules, our mines have, since their inception, qualified for and paid a 3% rate. Under the amended law, the royalty has been set at a flat rate of 5% of mineral revenues with an effective date of March 19, 2010. In October 2010, we were notified that the effective date was extended to the end of March 2011. Certain mining companies operating in Ghana, including our subsidiaries GSBPL and GSWL, operate under tax stabilization agreements which govern, among other things, royalty rates and various tax rules. Discussions with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning are ongoing to determine the applicability of this new roy- alty legislation to GSBPL and GSWL after March 2011. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 7 We are subject to risks relating to exploration, develop- ment and operations in foreign countries. Our assets and operations are affected by various politi- cal and economic uncertainties in the countries where we operate, including: • war, civil unrest, terrorism, coups or other violent or unexpected changes in government; • political instability and violence; • expropriation and nationalization; • renegotiation or nullification of existing concessions, licenses, permits, and contracts; • illegal mining; • changes in taxation policies (such as the temporary national stabilization levy imposed by the Government of Ghana inJuly 2009, which require payments equal to 5% of “profits before tax”); • unilaterally imposed increases in royalty rates; • restrictions on foreign exchange and repatriation; and • changing political conditions, currency controls, and governmental regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local contractors or require foreign contractors to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. Illegal mining has occurred on our properties, it is diffi- cult to control, can disrupt our business and can expose us to liability. We continue to experience illegal mining activity on our mining and exploration properties. Most of this activity is on our Prestea South and Hwini-Butre properties. While we are proactively working with local, regional and na- tional governmental authorities to obtain protection of our property rights, any action on the part of such au- thorities may not occur, may not fully address our prob- lems or may be delayed. In addition to the impact on our mineral reserves and non- reserves, the presence of illegal miners can lead to project delays and disputes and delays regarding the development or operation of commercial gold deposits. Illegal miners could cause environmental damage or other damage to our prop- erties, or personal injury or death, for which we could poten- tially be held responsible. Illegal miners may work on other of our properties from time to time, and they may in the future increase their presence and have increased negative impacts such as those described above on such other properties. Our activities are subject to complex laws, regulations and accounting standards that can adversely affect oper- ating and development costs, the timing of operations, the ability to operate our mines and our financial results. Our business, mining operations and exploration and development activities are subject to extensive Canadian, United States, Ghanaian and other foreign, federal, state, provincial, territorial and local laws and regulations gov- erning exploration, development, production, exports, taxes, labor standards, waste disposal, protection of the environment, reclamation, historic and cultural resource preservation, mine safety and occupational health, toxic substances, reporting and other matters, as well as account- ing standards. Compliance with these laws, regulations and standards or the imposition of new such require- ments could adversely affect operating and development costs, the timing of operations and the ability to operate and financial results. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price. Annually, we are required to test our internal controls over financial reporting to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which requires annual management assessments of the effec- tiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. Failure to maintain effective internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our business and share price. MARKET RISKS The market price of our common shares has experienced volatility and could continue to do so in the future. Our common shares are listed on the NYSE Amex, the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Ghana Stock Exchange. Companies with market capitalizations similar to ours have experienced substantial volatility in the past, often based on factors unrelated to the financial performance or prospects of the companies involved. These factors include macro- economic developments in North America and globally and market perceptions of the attractiveness of particular industries. Our share price is also likely to be significantly affected by short-term changes in gold prices or in our financial condition or results of operations as reflected in our quarterly earnings reports. Other factors unrelated to our performance that could have an effect on the price of our common shares include the following: • the extent of analytical coverage available to investors concerning our business could be limited if investment banks with research capabilities do not continue to fol- low our securities; • the trading volume and general market interest in our securities could affect an investor’s ability to trade sig- nificant numbers of common shares; • the size of the public float in our common shares may limit the ability of some institutions to invest in our securities; and • a substantial decline in our stock price that persists for a significant period of time could cause our securities to be delisted from NYSE Amex, the Toronto Stock Exchange and/or the Ghana Stock Exchange, further reducing market liquidity. As a result of any of these factors, the market price of our common shares at any given point in time might not ac- curately reflect our long-term value. The stock markets in general have recently suffered major declines. Securities class action litigation often has been brought against companies following periods of market price volatility that affects the market price of particular secu- rities without regard to the performance of the company whose stock price is affected. We could in the future be the target of similar litigation. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and damages and divert man- agement’s attention and resources. Investors could have difficulty or be unable to enforce certain civil liabilities on us, our directors and our experts. Golden Star is a Canadian corporation. A majority of our assets are located outside of Canada and the United States, and our head office is located in the United States. It might not be possible for investors to collect judgments obtained in Canadian courts predicated on the civil liability provi- sions of Canadian or U.S. securities legislation. It could also 1 8 | G o l d e n S t a r be difficult for investors to effect service of process in con- nection with any action brought in the United States upon our directors and officers. Execution by United States courts of any judgment obtained against us, or any of the directors or executive officers, in the United States courts would be limited to our assets or the assets of such persons in the United States. The enforceability in Canada of United States judgments or liabilities in original actions in Canadian courts predicated solely upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States is doubtful. There are certain U.S. federal income tax risks associ- ated with ownership of Golden Star common shares. Holders of our common shares or options to purchase our common shares or convertible debentures, referred to as “equity securities”, who are U.S. taxpayers should consider that we could be considered to be a “passive foreign investment company” (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Although we believe that we were not a PFIC in 2010 and do not expect to become a PFIC in the foreseeable future, the tests for determining PFIC status depend upon a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, and can be subject to uncertain- ties, and we cannot assure you that we will not be a PFIC. We undertake no obligation to advise holders of our equity securities as to our PFIC status for any year. If we are a PFIC for any year, any person who holds our equity securities who is a U.S. person for U.S. income tax purposes, referred to as a U.S. holder and whose holding period for those equity securities includes any portion of a year in which we are a PFIC generally would be subject to a special adverse tax regime in respect of “excess dis- tributions.” Excess distributions include certain distribu- tions received with respect to PFIC shares in a taxable year. Gain recognized by a U.S. holder on a sale or other transfer of our equity securities (including certain trans- fers that would otherwise be tax free) also would be treated as an excess distributions. Such excess distribu- tions and gains would be allocated ratably to the U.S. holder’s holding period. For these purposes, the holding period of shares acquired either through an exercise of options or the conversion of convertible debentures in- cludes the holder’s holding period in the option or con- vertible debt. The portion of any excess distribution (including gains treated as excess distributions) allocated to the current year would be includible as ordinary income in the current year. The portion of any excess distribution allocated to prior years would be taxed at the highest marginal rate applicable to ordinary income for each such year (regard- less of the taxpayer’s actual marginal rate for that year and without reduction by any losses or loss carry for- wards) and would be subject to interest charges to reflect the value of the U.S. income tax deferral. Elections may be available to mitigate the adverse tax rules that apply to PFICs (the so-called “QEF” and “mark- to-market” elections), but these elections may acceler- ate the recognition of taxable income and may result in the recognition of ordinary income. The QEF and mark- to-market elections are not available to U.S. holders with respect to options to acquire our common shares or con- vertible debentures. We have not decided whether we would provide to U.S. holders of our common shares the annual information that would be necessary to make the QEF election. Additional special adverse rules also apply to investors who are U.S. holders who own our common shares if we are a PFIC and have a non-U.S. subsidiary that is also a PFIC. Special adverse rules that impact certain estate planning goals could apply to our equity securities if we are a PFIC. The conversion feature of the convertible debentures could limit increases in the trading price of our common shares. The conversion price of the convertible debentures is $5.00 and represented a 26% premium over the closing price of our common shares on the NYSE Amex on February 22, 2011. In the event our share price is greater than the conversion price, this conversion feature may lim- it the increase in the price of our common shares, since any increase in the stock price above the conversion price will make it more likely that the convertible debentures will be converted, thereby exerting a downward pressure on the market price of the common shares. The existence of outstanding rights to purchase or acquire common shares could impair our ability to raise capital. for As of February 22, 2011, there were options outstanding to purchase up to 6,675,272 common shares at exercise prices ranging from Cdn$1.02 to Cdn$6.95 per share. In addition, 11,004,446 additional common shares are avail- issuance under our stock option plans. able Furthermore, 25.0 million common shares are currently issuable upon conversion of the convertible debentures (additional shares may be issuable in certain circumstanc- es.) During the life of the options, convertible debentures and other rights, the holders are given an opportunity to profit from a rise in the market price of common shares, with a resulting dilution in the interest of the other share- holders. Our ability to obtain additional financing during the period such rights are outstanding could be adversely affected, and the existence of the rights could have an adverse effect on the price of our common shares. The holders of the options, convertible debentures and other rights can be expected to exercise or convert them at a time when we would, in all likelihood, be able to obtain any needed capital by a new offering of securities on terms more favorable than those provided by the out- standing rights. Current global financial conditions may affect our abil- ity to obtain financing and may negatively affect our asset values and results of operations. Global financial conditions during the past three years have been characterized by heightened volatility and un- certainty. As a result, access to financing has been nega- tively impacted, which may affect our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future on favorable terms. Additionally, these factors, as well as other related fac- tors, may cause decreases in asset values that are deemed to be other than temporary, which may result in impairment losses. If such increased levels of volatility and market turmoil continue or worsen, our operations could be adversely impacted and the trading price of our common shares may be adversely affected. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 1 9 ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS None ITEM 2. DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES MAPS OF OPERATIONS AND PROPERTIES The maps below show the locations of Bogoso, Prestea, Wassa, Pampe, the Hwini-Butre, Benso and Mampon in Ghana, and various exploration properties in other areas of West Africa and Brazil. These properties are described in further detail below. 2 0 | G o l d e n S t a r 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 2 1 PROPERTY STATUS TABLE The chart below summarizes information regarding our more significant properties, which are described in further detail below: Bogoso (Ghana) Bogoso (Ghana) Prestea (Ghana) Property Bogoso Mining Lease 1 Bogoso Mining Lease 2 Bogoso Prospecting License Prestea Mining Surface Lease Prestea Underground (Ghana) Prestea Underground Mining Lease Wassa (Ghana) Wassa Mining Lease Wassa Regional (Ghana) Accra Newtown Adaase Type of Interest Government granted mining leases held by a 90% owned subsidiary Prospecting license Government granted mining lease held by a 90% owned subsidiary Government granted mining lease held by a 81% beneficial interest Government granted mining lease held by a 90% owned subsidiary Prospecting license Prospecting license Ateiku-Twifo Reconnaissance license Dwaben (Safric) Reconnaissance Dunkwa-Asikuma (Ghana) Dunkwa-Mansiso (Ghana) Akropong (Ghana) Moseaso license Prospecting license Prospecting license Prospecting license Kobra-Riyadh East Pampe Mining Lease Reconnaissance license Mining lease Expiry Date 8/20/2017 Property size 50 km2 2010 Status Active Comments Mining stage 8/15/2018 45 km2 3/10/2004 Renewal under application 6/28/2031 58.52 km2 Inactive Exploration stage 115.5 km2 Active Mining and development stage 7/6/2031 11.3 km2 lies directly below Prestea surface lease Active Exploration stage 9/16/2022 52.89 km2 Active Mining stage 7/27/2011 15.68 km2 Active Exploration stage 45.6 km2 Exploration stage 12/15/2009 Renewal under application 1/5/2010 Renewal under application 2/1/2007 Renewal under application 7/21/2011 39.7 km2 24.05 km2 66 km2 7/21/2011 56 km2 1/10/2010 Renewal under application Conversion to PL in advanced stage 6/3/2012 138 km2 50 km2 Exploration stage Exploration stage Active Active Development stage Exploration stage 43.2 km2 Active Exploration stage Mining lease 1/10/2012 40 km2 3 Prospecting licenses and joint venture agreements Mining lease Various 221.07 km2 Active 9/26/2011 20.38 km2 Active Active Active Exploration stage Mining and Exploration stage Mining and Exploration stage Exploration stage Mining and Exploration stage Abura Adubrim Afranse Hotopo Oseneso Prospecting license 11/18/2010 Renewal under application 22.46 km2 Active Exploration stage Prospecting license – joint venture Reconnaissance license Prospecting license – joint venture Reconnaissance licence – joint venture Prospecting license – joint venture Reconnaissance licence – joint venture 2/3/2012 129.05 km2 Active Exploration stage 12/3/2008 Conversion to PL under application 2/23/2011 12/19/2008 Renewal under application 3/1/2011 1/5/2010 Renewal under application 85.17 km2 77.46 km2 18.06 km2 66.21 km2 66.4 km2 Wassa Akropong (Rocco 1) 2 2 | G o l d e n S t a r Pampe Hwini-Butre (Ghana) Manso (Ghana) Benso–Subriso Block (Ghana) Benso-Amantin & Chichiwelli Blocks (Ghana) Ghana Regional Property Amelekia Côted’Ivoire Regional Abengourou Agboville Mano JV (Sierra Leone) Burkina Faso Sonfon South Goulagou Rounga Youba Tougou Bangodo Kampouaga Niger Deba Tialkam Brazil MT-Iriri MT-Nhandu/ Fabinho/Natal MG-Sao Bartolomeu Type of Interest Exploration license Exploration license Exploration license (Renewal has been granted but documents are pending due to current political situation) Mano River Resources Inc Agreement allow earning up to 90% Agreement allow earning up to 90% Agreement allow earning up to 90% Exploration Per- mit – 100% held by GSE-BF (GSR subsidiary) Exploration Per- mit – 100% held by GSE-BF (GSR subsidiary) 100 % held by GSE-BF (GSR Subsidiary) Exploration Per- mit – 100% held by GSE-Niger (GSR subsidiary) Exploration Per- mit – 100% held by GSE-Niger (GSR subsidiary) 41 Prospecting Licenses – Joint Venture 5 Prospecting Licenses – 100% held by Caystar- Brasil (GSR subsidiary) 7 Prospecting Licenses – JV Agreement allow earning up to 65% MG-Alto da Varginha 3 Prospecting Licenses – JV GO - Cafundo/Goianesia 7 Prospecting Licenses – 100% held by Caystar- Brasil (GSR subsidiary) Expiry Date 8/10/2010 Property size 403.5 km2 2010 Status Active Comments Exploration stage 8/10/2010 537.3 km2 8/10/2010 481.0 km2 8/18/2011 153 km2 Active Exploration stage 11/11/2011 185.25 km2 Active 11/13/2012 240 km2 10/17/2011 61.75 km2 8/21/2011 128 km2 Optioned to Riverstone Resources Inc. Optioned to Riverstone Resources Inc. Optioned to Riverstone Resources Inc. Formerly part of the optioned Goulagou permit Exploration stage 10/17/2011 249.77 km2 Exploration stage 10/17/2011 243.99 km2 Exploration stage 12/27/2013 275 km2 Active 12/27/2013 183 km2 3,348 km2 Active JV with AMI Resources Inc. who are earning into properties Exploration stage JV with Votorantim Metais Zinco S/A 1/23/2011 3/14/2011 Renewal under application 7/14/2011 12/3/2012 4/4/2011 Renewal under application 1/24/2013 9/12/2010 Renewal under application 6/27/2011 12/15/2011 6/7/2012 2/18/2012 5/11/2013 7/2/2013 7/13/2013 395 km2 Active Exploration stage 98 km2 Active Optioned to Kinross Brasil Mineracao S/A 47 km2 Active 134 km2 Active Optioned to Mineracao Iam- gold Brasil Ltda. Exploration stage 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 2 3 MINING IN GHANA Ghanaian Ownership and Special Rights Ghana is situated on the west coast of Africa, approxi- mately 600 km north of the Equator on the Gulf of Guinea. Accra, the capital city of Ghana, is located almost exactly on the Prime Meridian. The former British colony changed its name from the Gold Coast to Ghana on achieving inde- pendence on March 6, 1957. Ghana is now a republic with a population of approximately 23 million people and a democratically elected government. English remains the official and commercial language. The total land area of the country is approximately 238,000 square kilometers and the topography is rela- tively flat. Ghana has a tropical climate with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year, particularly in the Western Region where Golden Star Resources has its two operations. Rights to explore and develop a mine are administered by the Minister of Lands and Natural Resources, through the Minerals Commission, a governmental organization designed to promote and regulate the development of Ghana’s min- eral wealth in accordance with the Minerals and Mining Act of 2006 (Act 703), which came into effect in March 2006 (“2006 Mining Act”). A company or individual can apply to the Minerals Commission for a renewable exploration license granting exclusive rights to explore for a particular mineral in a select- ed area for an initial period not exceeding three years. When exploration has successfully delineated a Mineral Reserve, an application may be made to the Minerals Commission for conversion to a mining lease, granting a company the right to produce a specific product from the concession area, normally for a period of 20 to 30 years or a lesser period that may be agreed upon with the applicant. The 2006 Mining Act requires that any person who in- tends to acquire a controlling share of the equity of any mining company that has been granted a mining lease, must first give notice of its intent to the Government and obtain its consent prior to acquiring a controlling share. Under the 2006 Mining Act, the Government of Ghana holds a 10% free-carried interest in all companies that hold min- ing leases. The 10% free carried interest entitles the Government to a pro-rata share of future dividends. The Government has no obligation to contribute development capital or operating expenses. GSBPL and GSWL owe $389.3 million and $118.0 million, respectively, to Golden Star or its subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010, for past advances and interest on these advances, and these amounts would be repaid before payment of any dividends. Under the 2006 Mining Act, the Government of Ghana is empowered to acquire a special or golden share in any mining company. The special share would constitute a separate class of shares with such rights as the Government and the mining company might agree. Though deemed a preference share, it could be redeemed without any con- sideration or for a consideration determined by the min- ing company and payable to the holder on behalf of the Government of Ghana. In the absence of such agreement, the special share would have the following rights: • it would carry no voting rights, but the holder would be entitled to receive notice of and to attend and 2 4 | G o l d e n S t a r speak at any general meeting of the members or any separate meeting of the holders of any class of shares; • it could only be issued to, held by, or transferred to the Government or a person acting on behalf of the Government; • the written consent of the holder would be required for all amendments to the organizational documents of the company, the voluntary winding-up or liquidation of the company or the disposal of any mining lease or the whole or any material part of the assets of the company; • it would not confer a right to participate in the dividends, profits or assets of the company or a return of assets in a winding up or liquidation of the company; and • the holder of a special share may require the com- pany to redeem the special share at any time for no consideration or for a consideration determined by the company. GSBPL and GSWL have not issued, nor to date been requested to issue, a special share to the Government of Ghana. The Government of Ghana has a pre-emptive right to pur- chase all gold and other minerals produced by mines in Ghana. The purchase price would be agreed by the Government of Ghana and the mining company, or the price established by any gold hedging arrangement be- tween the company and any third party approved by the Government, or the publicly quoted market price prevail- ing for the minerals or products as delivered at the mine or plant where the right of preemption was exercised. The Government of Ghana has agreed to take no preemptive action pursuant to its right to purchase gold or other minerals so long as mining companies sell gold in accordance with certain procedures approved by the Bank of Ghana. Ghanaian Royalty Requirements During the first quarter of 2010, the Government of Ghana amended its mining act to change the method of calculating mineral royalties payable to the Government. The prior rules established a royalty rate of not less than 3% and not more than 6% of a mine’s total revenues, the exact amount being determined by each mine’s margin as defined in the law. Under the old rules, our mines have, since their inception, qualified for and paid a 3% rate. The amended law set the royalty at a flat rate of 5% of mineral revenues. While the new law was initially effec- tive as of as March 19, 2010, we were subsequently noti- fied by the government that the effective date was ex- tended to March 31, 2011. We paid a 3% royalty of $13.1 million, $12.8 million and $7.8 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Environmental Laws and Regulations Environmental matters in Ghana, including those related to mining, fall under the oversight of the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), with some responsibilities ly- ing with the Minerals Commission. The EPA has rules and guidelines that govern environmental and socioeconomic impact statements, environmental management plans, mine operations, the quality of water discharges to the receiving environment, environmental auditing and review, and mine closure and reclamation, among other matters to which our operations are subject. Additional provisions governing surface uses by our stakeholders are provided in the 2006 Mining Act. All phases of our operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations in the various jurisdictions where we operate. These regulations may define, among other things, air and water quality standards, waste man- agement requirements, and mine closure and land reha- bilitation obligations. In general, environmental legislation is evolving to require stricter operating standards, more detailed social and environmental assessments of pro- posed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employ- ees for social responsibility and health and safety. Changes in environmental regulations could affect the way we op- erate, resulting in higher environmental and social operat- ing costs that may affect the viability of our operations. In Ghana, we have noted a trend toward increasing environ- mental requirements and changes in the way the EPA re- views project proposals and operational compliance. We use hazardous chemicals in our gold recovery activi- ties, and thus generate environmental contaminants that may adversely affect air and water quality. To mitigate these effects, we have established objectives to achieve regulatory requirements in all of our exploration, devel- opment, operation, closure, and post-closure activities so that our employees, the local environment and our stakeholder communities are protected and that the post-closure land use contributes to the sustainability of the local economy. In order to meet our objectives, we: • educate our managers so that they are committed to creating a culture that makes social and environmental matters an integral part of short and long-term opera- tions and performance management systems; • work with our employees so that they understand and accept environmental and social policies and proce- dures as a fundamental part of the business; • signed and implemented the International Cyanide Management Code and attained certification for the Wassa and Bogoso/Prestea operations; • signed and publicly stated our support for the UN Global Compact and completed our commitments that are provided in our communications on progress (COP); • establish, and continue to improve operating stan- dards and procedures that aim to meet or exceed re- quirements in relevant laws and regulations, the com- mitments made impact statements, environmental and socioeconomic man- agement plans, rehabilitation and closure plans and any international protocols to which we are a signatory; in our environmental • incorporated environmental and human rights perfor- mance requirements into all relevant contracts; • provide training to employees and contractors in envi- ronmental matters; Governmental approvals and permits are currently re- quired, and will likely continue to be required in the fu- ture, in connection with our operations and development activities. To the extent that such approvals are required and not obtained, we could be limited or prohibited from continuing our mining and processing operations or from proceeding with planned exploration or the devel- opment of mineral properties. Our mining, processing, development and mineral explo- ration activities are subject to various laws governing labor prospecting, development, production, taxes, standards, occupational health and safety requirements, land claims of local people and other matters. New rules and regulations may be enacted or existing rules and regulations may be modified and applied in a manner that could have an adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations. Reclamation activities were ongoing at both Wassa/ HBB and Bogoso/Prestea during 2010 to rehabilitate disturbed lands and reduce some of the long-term liabil- ities including re-profiling waste dumps, capping hard rock with oxide materials, topsoil spreading and planting for both slope stabilization and long-term rehabilitation. Our consolidated reclamation expenditures totaled $9.7 million, $2.0 million and $1.2 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008 respectively. The increase in 2010 spending re- flects backfilling of a pit. We believe all our operations in Ghana are currently in substantial compliance with all environmental requirements. Corporate Social Responsibility In keeping with our health and safety, environmental, community relations and human rights policies, we strive at all times to conduct our business as a responsible cor- porate citizen. We believe our ongoing success in Ghana depends on our continuing efforts to build good relations with our local stakeholder communities, and by reviewing broader stakeholder comments and addressing stake- holder concerns in our developing projects and ongoing operations. We believe our success as an employer, as a neighbor and as an important part of the local economy, is furthered by contributing to the diversification of the local economy with initiatives such as our Oil Palm Project and by our support of community-driven improvement projects through our Golden Star Development Foundation. During 2010, the Development Foundation worked with our local Community Mine Consultation Committees to fund and sponsor several community–driven projects in- cluding an outpatients ward, a medical clinic, continuing scholarships for local students, supplying of medical equip- ment in partnership with Project C.U.R.E., school buildings and community electrification projects. • regularly prepare, review, update and implement site- specific environmental management and rehabilita- tion and closure plans; • work to progressively rehabilitate disturbed areas in conformance with the site-specific environmental management and rehabilitation and closure plans; • consult local communities and regulators to provide us with input on our environmental management poli- cies and procedures; • regularly review our environmental performance; and • publicly report our social, health, safety, and environ- Our Oil Palm Project continued to advance during 2010 and now has over 790 hectares of palm oil trees under cul- tivation. We have also provided palm seedlings and other agricultural assistance to a group of local farmers who are developing an additional 100 hectares of palm oil trees on their own farms. GSR also supports a skills training program for stakeholders aimed at local economic devel- opment. The Golden Star Skills Training and Employability Program (GSSTEP) provides practical training for local people in construction and in high tech services such as cell phone repair. We currently have about 100 graduates who are now able to provide skilled services. mental performance. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 2 5 until late 2010 when limited mining and waste stripping resumed. We plan to resume mining at Pampe before the end of 2011 after completing a waste strip program. The Pampe ore will be moved by truck to the Bogoso processing plants. Prestea South — This property, located 20 km south of the Bogoso/Prestea processing plants, is discussed in more detail below under “DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES” section. the Prestea Underground — This property is discussed in more detail below under the “EXPLORATION STAGE PROPERTIES IN GHANA” section. Geology at Bogoso/Prestea Bogoso/Prestea lies within the Eburnean Tectonic Province in the West African Precambrian Shield along the Ashanti Trend located immediately south of the town of Bogoso. The area is dominated by a major northeast-southwest trending structural fault zone referred to as the Ashanti Trend, which hosts the Prestea, Bogoso, Obuasi and Konongo gold deposits, among others. Parallel to the Ashanti Trend is the Akropong Trend, which hosts the Ayanfuri deposit. The Akropong Trend is about 15 kilome- ters west of the Ashanti Trend in the Bogoso region. Mineral Reserves at Bogoso/Prestea At December 31, 2010, Bogoso/Prestea had Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves, including the Probable Mineral Reserves at Prestea South, Mampon and Pampe, of 47.2 million tonnes grading 2.49 g/t containing approximately 3.8 million ounces of gold before any reduction for recov- ery losses and the Government of Ghana’s 10% minority interest. See the Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves table and the Non-Reserves — Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource table in Item 1 of this Form 10-K. Operating Results for Bogoso/Prestea The following tables show historical operating results: BOGOSO/PRESTEA OPERATING RESULTS Ore mined refractory (t) Ore mined non-refractory (t) Total ore mined (t) Waste mined (t) Refractory ore processed (t) Refractory ore grade (g/t) Gold recovery – refractory ore (%) Non-refractory ore processed (t) Non-refractory ore grade (g/t) Gold recovery – non-refractory ore (%) Gold sales (oz) Cash operating cost ($/oz) Royalties ($/oz) Total cash cost ($/oz) 2010 2,733,730 2009 2,940,822 2008 2,604,639 115,417 2,849,147 140,036 — 2,744,675 2,940,822 17,839,043 14,929,249 19,464,979 2,776,160 2,887,400 2,736,379 2.81 65.7 146,252 2.91 2.78 70.7 — — 2.82 66.5 359,669 2.38 43.5 170,973 — 186,054 66.0 170,499 863 36 899 705 30 735 837 26 863 In our efforts to promote transparency in governance, we continue to work with the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative and throughout 2010 we published our payments to the government of Ghana (e.g. taxes, royalties, fees). We furthered our work in human rights and against child and forced labor with an extensive training program within Golden Star and met with our major suppliers to outline our socioeconomic commitments. Our commitment to the development of our stakeholder communities demonstrates Golden Star’s dedication to Ghana and to sharing the success of our operations with our local communities. As we continue to expand our community development programs, we plan to integrate more local people and communities into our economic development and outreach programs, so assisting the Western Region of Ghana to achieve its full potential within the broader Ghana development. OPERATING PROPERTIES The Bogoso/Prestea Gold Mine Bogoso/Prestea consists of a gold mining and processing op- eration located along the Ashanti Trend in western Ghana, approximately 35 kilometers northwest of the town of Tarkwa. It can be reached by paved roads from Tarkwa, a local com- mercial center, and from Accra, the capital of Ghana. Bogoso and Prestea are adjoining mining concessions that together cover approximately 40 kilometers of strike along the south- west-trending Ashanti gold district. Mining areas at Bogoso and Prestea are linked to the Bogoso processing plants by paved and gravel haul-roads located on our properties. There are two ore processing facilities at Bogoso/Prestea and open pit mining methods are employed. Ore is hauled by truck from the pits to the processing plants. Equipment and facilities include the nominal 1.5 million tonne per annum Bogoso oxide plant, the nominal 3.5 million tonne per annum Bogoso sulfide plant, a fleet of haul trucks, loaders, drills and mining support equip- ment. In addition, there are numerous ancillary support facilities including warehouses, maintenance shops, roadways, administrative offices, an employee residen- tial complex, power and water supply systems, a medical clinic, and a tailings storage facility. We acquired Bogoso in 1999 and Prestea in 2001. Bogoso/ Prestea gold sales totaled 170,973 ounces in 2010 and 186,054 in 2009. See the “Operating Results for Bogoso/ Prestea” section below for additional details on historical production and operating costs. In addition to the Bogoso/ Prestea complex described above, Bogoso/Prestea assets include the following properties: Mampon — The Mampon deposit is located approximately 35 kilometers north of the Bogoso Sulfide plant. Mampon is an undeveloped gold deposit with, as of December 31, 2010, an estimated 1.9 million tonnes of Probable Mineral Reserves at an average gold grade of 4.33 g/t, which we plan to mine by open pit mining methods. It is expected that Mampon ore will be hauled by truck to the Bogoso processing plants when mining is initiated here. Pampe — The Pampe deposit is located approximately 19 kilometers west of the Bogoso processing plants. As of December 31, 2010, we have estimated a Probable Mineral Reserve of 1.7 million tonnes at an average gold grade of 3.51 g/t. Pampe was mined during 2007 and 2008 but was placed on a care and maintenance 2 6 | G o l d e n S t a r Exploration at Bogoso/Prestea During 2010, Bogoso/Prestea area exploration activities focused on drilling VTEM geophysical targets and testing extensions of gold mineralization in proximity to the oper- ating pits. Our drilling efforts were rewarded early in the year with the discovery of the Buesichem South deposit and our drilling program was re-focused on this new dis- covery. Two multipurpose drill rigs were used over the en- tire year bringing this resource from the Inferred Mineral Resource category to Probable Reserves and Indicated Mineral Resource at year end. In addition to the Buesichem South drilling we conducted initial drilling on a structure east of the Buesichem trend which will be tested further in 2011. VTEM drilling in the vicinity of the Bogoso North pit has delineated a 1.2 kilometer zone beneath this pit which requires further follow up in 2011. We expect develop- ment drilling on the Bogoso North, Chujah and Ablifa pits to be our main focus for 2011. Bogoso/Prestea Outlook for 2011 During 2011 we expect that the Bogoso sulfide plant will continue to process refractory sulfide ores from the Chujah Main and Bogoso North pits at Bogoso/Prestea. The Bogoso oxide plant may also process sulfide ores, if needed, to maintain optimum sulfide concentrate feed to the Bogoso sulfide bio-oxidation reactors. We expect Bogoso/Prestea will produce approximately 160,000 to 180,000 ounces of gold in 2011 at an average cash oper- ating cost between $950 and $1,050 per ounce. The Wassa Gold Mine We own and operate the Wassa gold mine located approx- imately 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/Prestea in southwest Ghana. The property was acquired in 2001 from a former owner who had operated Wassa as a heap leach gold mine. The property, as now constituted, includes several open-pit mines, the nominal 3.0 million tonne per annum CIL Wassa plant with its crushing and grinding circuits, a fleet of min- ing equipment, a tailings storage facility, ancillary facilities including an administration building, a warehouse, a main- tenance shop, a stand-by power generating facility and an employee residential complex. We completed construc- tion of the Wassa plant in early 2005, and the plant was placed in commercial service on April 1, 2005. GSWL also owns and operates the Hwini-Butre and Benso mines located 80 and 50 km, respectively, south of Wassa. In the third quarter of 2008, following comple- tion of a 50 km haul road, we started mining at Benso and began hauling its ore to Wassa for processing. In May 2009, following completion of a 30 km road exten- sion, the Hwini-Butre mine began trucking ore to the Wassa processing plant. The Benso and Hwini-Butre mines include multiple open pits at both locations as well as mining equipment, equipment repair shops, warehouses and other ancillary support equipment and buildings. Geology at Wassa Wassa lies within the Eburnean Tectonic Province in the West African Precambrian Shield. The Proterozoic rocks that comprise mostof the West African craton and host the major gold mineralization in Ghana are subdivided into meta-sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the Birimian and Tarkwaian sequences. Wassa is hosted within the same Birimian volcano-sedimentary greenstone pack- age as Bogoso/Prestea. However, Wassa is situated on the southeastern flank of the Ashanti Belt while Bogoso and Prestea occur along the northwestern flank. Mineral Reserves at Wassa As at December 31, 2010, Wassa, including the HBB prop- erties, had Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves of 18.1 million tonnes with an average grade of 1.43 g/t containing approximately 0.83 million ounces of gold before recovery losses and any reduction for the Government of Ghana’s 10% minority interest. See the Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves table and the Non-Reserves — Measured and Indicated Mineral Resource table in Item 1 of this Form 10-K. Operating Results for Wassa The following table displays historical operating results at Wassa. WASSA/HBB OPERATING RESULTS Ore mined (t) Waste mined (t) Ore processed (t) Grade processed (g/t) Recovery (%) Gold sales (oz) Cash operating cost ($/oz) Royalties ($/oz) Total cash cost ($/oz) 2010 2,561,088 2009 2,222,511 19,172,059 16,708,312 2,652,939 2.76 95.3 223,848 2,648,232 2.29 94.7 183,931 2008 2,885,985 7,416,516 3,187,230 1.33 93.6 125,427 677 37 714 447 32 479 554 26 580 Exploration at Wassa/HBB Exploration activities on the Wassa mining lease during 2010 focused on ground geophysical surveys and in-pit development drilling. A ground geophysical induced-po- larization survey was conducted in 2010 which outlined anoma- lous trends south of the main Wassa mineralized trend along strike. Following up on the geophysical targets, we initiated first pass drilling which confirmed that the Wassa gold mineralized trend continues south of the existing pits. These southern extensions of the main Wassa mineraliza- tion are scheduled for further testing in 2011. Other drilling at Wassa in 2010 tested higher grade portions of known mineral- ized zones within our 2009 year-end Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resource pit shells. This drilling was successful in confirming higher gold grades extended at depth on the 242, SE and B-Shoot structures. The new drill- ing results have been used to update the mineral resource model which was used for the 2010 Mineral Resource and Reserve statements. Exploration activities on the HBB concessions during 2010 concentrated mainly on deep drilling programs at Father Brown, Adoikrom and Subriso West. The objec- tives of these programs were to test the extensions at depth of the known zones of high grade gold mineral- ization to determine whether they have potential for underground exploitation. A certain number of regional targets were also tested during 2010. Targets located north of the Subriso zones were drilled and have dem- onstrated that the structures hosting the deposit ex- tend further north. Drilling programs were also con- ducted south of the Adoikrom deposit along a regional structural trend. infill drilling to convert Mineral Resource activities at Chichiwelli, south of Wassa, Inferred Mineral involved Resources to an Indicated category. Mineral Resource conversion drilling was completed and an updated re- source model was estimated. In addition to the drilling programs, we also conducted a ground-based induced- polarization geophysical survey which was successful in 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 2 7 identifying the known mineralization as well as defining several other trends which we plan to test in 2011. Wassa/HBB Outlook for 2011 Wassa/HBB is expected to produce approximately 170,000 to 180,000 ounces of gold in 2011 at an average cash operating cost between $650 and $700 per ounce. DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES Bogoso Tailings Processing Project In the second quarter of 2010, $8 million was approved for construction of a hydraulic tailings recovery system and associated piping that will feed tailings from a decommis- sioned tailings storage facility to the Bogoso oxide plant’s CIL circuit. The project is expected to come online in late 2011, subject to permitting. While the grade of the tailings material is lower than the ores typically treated in the Bogoso oxide plant, the operating costs are expected to be low since reclaimed tailings can be fed directly into the existing CIL circuit thereby resulting in lower overall pro- cessing costs. The system is designed to handle approxi- mately 2.4 million tonnes of tailings per annum over its five year life yielding up to approximately 40,000 to 50,000 additional ounces per year. Engineering has been complet- ed, and permitting and equipment procurement com- menced during the fourth quarter of 2010. Prestea South Properties The Prestea South project is located on the Ashanti Trend, southwest of the town of Prestea and approxi- mately 20 kilometers southeast of the Bogoso process- ing plants. Gold mineralization is associated with the same Ashanti Trend fault structure that continues to the north through our Bogoso and Prestea properties. While various sections of the mineral resources at Prestea South were mined by prior owners using underground methods, the surface oxide mineral resources have not been extensively mined, and there are sulfide mineral re- sources accessible by open pit mining. Our past explo- ration efforts have identified several deposits along this trend which can be mined by surface mining methods. We received mining permits for this area in 2008 and subsequently applied for environmental permits. We ex- pect to initiate development at Prestea South, including its 10 kilometer haul road extension, once the environ- mental permits are received. The Prestea South oxide ore will be transported to Bogoso and processed through the Bogoso oxide plant. The Prestea South sulfide ore will be processed through the Bogoso sulfide plant. As of December 31, 2010, the Prestea South properties had total Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves of 6.8 million tonnes grading 2.32 g/t containing approximately 0.51 million ounces before any reduction for the Government of Ghana’s 10% minority interest. EXPLORATION PROPERTIES Prestea Underground The Prestea Underground is an inactive underground gold mine located to the south of Bogoso and adjacent to the town of Prestea. The property consists of two use- able access shafts and extensive underground workings and support facilities. Access to the mine site is via a paved road from Tarkwa and Accra maintained by the Government of Ghana. From the 1870’s to 2002 when mining ceased following an low gold prices, the Prestea extended period of Underground operations produced approximately nine million ounces of gold, the second highest production of any mine in Ghana. The underground workings are exten- sive, reaching depths of approximately 1,450 meters and extending along a strike length of approximately nine ki- lometers. Underground workings can currently be ac- cessed via two surface shafts, one near the town of Prestea (Central Shaft) and a second approximately four kilometers to the southwest at Bondaye. GSBPL now holds a 90% ownership in the Prestea Underground with the Government of Ghana holding a 10% ownership interest in Prestea Underground as well as its 10% holding in GSBPL, resulting in an 81% benefi- cial ownership by Golden Star. Exploration activities at the Prestea Underground in 2010 were limited to desk-top reviews, but a new scoping study was completed which evaluated the economic potential of a resumption of underground mining activities. The study results are now being evaluated. We continue to dewater the Prestea Underground, and we are refurbish- ing the Central Shaft and assessing services on 12, 17 and 24 levels. Dewatering and ongoing maintenance costs as included in the statement of operations, totaled approxi- mately $5.3 million during 2010. Geology of Prestea Underground The Prestea Underground deposits are located along the same Ashanti Trend structure as are our Bogoso deposits a few kilometers to the north and our Prestea South depos- its a few kilometers to the south with most of the gold min- eralization found in a narrow tabular fault zone which dips steeply to the northwest. Akropong Trend Properties The Akropong properties are located along a fault struc- ture which roughly parallels the Ashanti Trend and is lo- cated approximately 20 kilometers to the west of our Bogoso sulfide plant. Our 2010 exploration programs focused on identifying additional mineral reserve oppor- tunities within truck haulage distance from Bogoso/ Prestea. Drilling tested several previously identified au- ger soil anomalies late in 2010, and this program is con- tinuing into 2011. We also started a drilling program de- signed to test the down dip higher-grade portions of the Pampe deposit below the current open pit designs. We also plan to test for potential trend extensions to the north and south of Pampe during 2011 and to follow up with additional in-fill drilling. Dunkwa Properties The Dunkwa Properties, which are located directly north of our Bogoso mining lease, consist of two prospecting licenses, Mansiso and Asikuma, the latter hosting our Mampon ore deposit. The Mansiso and Asikuma concessions were both part of the 2008 VTEM airborne geophysical survey. The chargeability response from this survey has enhanced the understanding of the major structures running through the property, and several new targets have been identified, some of which were explored in 2009. We continue to follow up on targets generated by the VTEM survey and have designed a 2011 drilling program to test the Opon East anomaly which we identified in 2009. 2 8 | G o l d e n S t a r Deeper drilling to test the high grade down plunge extension of the Mampon deposit has also been budgeted for 2011. OTHER EXPLORATION STAGE PROPERTIES IN AFRICA Sierra Leone During 2010, exploration field activities at our 51% owned Sonfon project in Sierra Leone focused on ground geo- physical surveys and diamond drilling testing the high grade zones intersected in the 2008 drill holes. The ground IP geophysical survey conducted in 2010 was used to help guide the follow-up drilling programs. In addition to giving direction for the 2010 drilling effort, the geophysical survey has generated several other re- sistive and chargeable targets which could be associat- ed with silicified zones bearing sulfides. The results of the 2010 drilling and ground geophysics analysis will be used to plan field exploration programs in 2011. The Sonfon project is owned by a joint venture between Golden Star and African Aura Mining, with Golden Star as the majority owner and project manager. Cote d’Ivoire The 2010 exploration programs in Cote d’Ivoire fo- cused on our Amélekia and Agboville concessions which cover northeast trending structures which ex- tend from the Sefwi greenstone belt in Ghana. Infill soil sampling program over previously defined soil anoma- lies on the Amelekia and Agboville concessions were conducted early in 2010. Drilling programs originally planned for 2010 were rescheduled for 2011, subject to stabilization of the political situation. These programs are designed to test the soil anomalies defined by our early sampling programs. Burkina Faso We hold a 90% beneficial interest in the Goulagou and adjoining Rounga gold properties, with a local Burkina Faso partner owning a 10% interest. The Government of Burkina Faso will receive a statutory 10% carried interest upon the granting of a mining lease. The two properties are located approximately 100 kilometers west of Ouagadougou, the capital city of Burkina Faso, and 20 kilometers north of the city of Ouahigouya. Drilling pro- grams carried out by the prior owner and its predeces- sors identified several areas of gold mineralization in- cluding two parallel zones on the Goulagou property — the Goulagou I and II deposits. In October 2007, we granted Riverstone Resources Inc. (“Riverstone”) an option to purchase the Goulagou and Rounga concessions. Exploration programs in 2010 were managed and implemented by Riverstone and mainly consisted of infill reverse circulation drilling on the Goulagou concession. We expect that Riverstone will continue its exploration efforts and complete the feasibil- ity on the Goulagou deposit by late 2011. In addition to the Goulagou and Rounga concessions, Golden Star holds three other licenses in Burkina Faso where prelimi- nary reconnaissance work was carried out during 2010. Deba and Tialkam Projects, Niger Our interest in the Deba and Tialkam gold properties in Niger were optioned to AMI Resources in 2009, which is earning into the properties. EXPLORATION STAGE PROPERTIES IN SOUTH AMERICA Saramacca Property The Saramacca property, located in Suriname, consists of three concessions totaling approximately 486 square kilo- meters. In 2009, Newmont earned a 51% interest in the Saramacca project by spending $6 million on exploration and has since taken over management of the project. In November 2009, we entered into an agreement with Newmont to sell them our interest in the Saramacca joint venture for approximately $8.0 million. Proceeds of the sale continue to reside in escrow pending the Suriname government’s transfer of the mineral rights to Newmont. We expect the transfer process to be completed during 2011. French Guiana Activities in French Guiana were terminated in mid 2010 with the sale of our local French registered subsidiary to Auplata, a French Guiana gold company, for $2.1 million. This sale involved the transfer to Auplata all of Golden Star’s rights, titles and interests to the Bon Espoir, Iracoubo Sud and Paul Isnard exploration properties, as well as the entirety of the subsidiary and its assets. Brazil Several potential joint venture earn-in opportunities were identified and new concessions were staked in northern Brazil during 2010. We farmed out our Sao Bartolomeau concessions in Minas Gerais State to Kinross Gold Corporation in late 2010, and also granted a two year ex- tension to IamGold Corporation’s current earn-in on the Alto Varginha property also in Minas Gerais. Golden Star has either significant equity (Sao Bartolomeau) or royalty rights (Alta Varginha) in these two farm-outs. Golden Star’s 2010 exploration efforts concentrated on Northern Mato Grosso, where we plan to conduct recon- naissance programs in 2011, evaluating new prospects, as well as looking for potential associations with explora- tion juniors with strong land positions in the area. In Brazil we have entered into a joint venture with Votorantim Metals on a 3,400 square kilometer land package in Northern Mato Grosso. This joint venture re- quires us to spend $5 million to earn 50% of the precious metal rights on this package over a three year period, and additional ownership can be acquired if a project ad- vances to the feasibility stage and we complete a feasibil- ity study. The initial joint venture work during 2011 is an- ticipated to involve greenfields soil sampling and follow up on several targets generated by the Votorantim geo- physical and stream sediment data sets as well as initial stream sediment sampling in areas not previously sam- pled. We are also seeking high potential farm-in or acqui- sition opportunities in other locations in Brazil. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS We are engaged in routine litigation incidental to our busi- ness none of which is deemed to be material. No material legal proceedings, involving us or our business are pend- ing, or, to our knowledge, contemplated, by any govern- mental authority. We are not aware of any material events of noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 2 9 P A R T I I ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES Our common shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) under the trading symbol “GSC”, on the NYSE Amex (formerly known as the American Stock Exchange) under the symbol “GSS” and on the Ghana Stock Exchange under the symbol “GSR”. As of February 22, 2011, 258,559,486 common shares were outstanding and we had 937 registered shareholders. On February 22, 2011, the closing price per share for our common shares as reported by the TSX was Cdn$3.92 and as reported by the NYSE Amex exchange was $3.96. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low market closing prices per share of our common shares as reported by the TSX and the NYSE Amex. 2010 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter 2009 First Quarter Second Quarter Third Quarter Fourth Quarter Toronto Stock Exchange NYSE AMEX Cdn$ High Cdn$ Low $ High $ Low 3.85 4.85 5.35 6.03 2.92 3.90 4.15 4.27 3.79 4.72 5.19 5.96 2.72 3.92 3.92 4.17 Toronto Stock Exchange NYSE AMEX Cdn$ High Cdn$ Low $ High $ Low 2.32 2.53 3.81 4.59 1.21 1.50 2.12 3.19 1.82 2.33 3.56 4.39 1.01 1.20 1.83 2.96 We have not declared or paid cash dividends on our common shares since our inception and we expect for the fore- seeable future to retain all of our earnings from operations for use in expanding and developing our business. Future dividend decisions will consider then current business results, cash requirements and our financial condition. PERFORMANCE GRAPH AND TABLE The following graph and table illustrates the cumulative total shareholder return on the common shares for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006, through 2010, together with the total shareholder return of the S&P/TSX Composite Index, and the Amex Gold Bugs Index for the same period. The graph and table assumes an initial investment of Cdn$100 at December 31, 2005 in Golden Star common shares and a hypothetical Cdn$100 investment in the two associated indices at the same time. The lines show the change in the value of the initial Cdn$100 investment at the end of each of the next five years, allowing an investor to compare Golden Star’s share performed to the performance of the two indices. Because we did not pay dividends on our common shares during the measurement period, the calculation of the cumulative total shareholder return on the common shares does not include dividends. $ n d C 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Golden Star Resources Ltd. S&P/TSX Composite Index AMEX Gold Bugs Index (1) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 3 0 | G o l d e n S t a r Golden Star Resources Ltd. Dollar Value Annualized Return Since Base Year Return Over Previous Year S&P /TSX Composite Index Dollar Value Annualized Return Since Base Year Return Over Previous Year Amex Gold Bugs Index(1) Dollar Value Annualized Return Since Base Year Return Over Previous Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 $ 100.00 $ 111.70 $ 101.47 $ 11.7% 11.7% 0.7% (9.2)% 39.80 (26.4)% (60.8)% $ 106.12 1.5% 166.7% $ 148.36 8.2% 39.8% $ 100.00 $ 114.48 $ 104.03 $ 14.5% 14.5% 2.0% (9.1)% $ 83.77 (5.7)% (19.5)% 93.57 (1.7)% 11.7% $ 101.76 0.4% 8.8% $ 100.00 $ 122.11 $ 125.33 $ 114.74 $ 139.41 22.1% 22.1% 12.0% 2.6% 4.7% (8.5)% $ 176.67 12.1% 26.7% 8.7% 21.5% (1) Prior to 2007, we utilized the Canadian Gold Index. This index is no longer published. For 2007 and afterward, we utilized the Amex Gold Bugs Index, which is comparable to the Canadian Gold Index. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES No sales of unregistered securities occurred during 2010. CERTAIN CANADIAN FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS The following is a summary of the principal Canadian federal income tax considerations that apply to the hold- ing and disposition of our common shares. This summary only applies to a holder who is for Canadian income tax purposes not resident in Canada, is resident in the United States of America under the provisions of the Canada- United States Income Tax Convention (1980) (the“Treaty”) and holds our common shares as capital property. This summary is based on the current provisions of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and the regulations there under (the “Tax Act”) and all amendments to the Tax Act pub- licly proposed by the Government of Canada to the date hereof. This summary is also based on the current provi- sions of the Treaty and our understanding of the current publicly available administrative and assessing practices published in writing by the Canada Revenue Agency. It is assumed that each proposed amendment will be enacted as proposed and there is no other relevant change in any governing law, although no assurance can be given in these respects. This summary does not oth- erwise take into account any change in law or adminis- trative practice, whether by judicial, governmental, legis- lative or administrative action, nor does it take into account provincial, territorial or foreign income tax con- sequences, which may vary from the Canadian federal income tax considerations described herein. A particular U.S. resident person may not be entitled to benefits under the Treaty if the “limitations of benefits” provisions of the Treaty apply to the particular U.S. resi- dent person. The limitation of benefits provisions under the Treaty are complex and U.S. residents are advised to consult their own tax advisors in this regard. Under the Treaty members of a limited liability corpora- tion created under the limited liability company legisla- tion in the U.S. and treated as a partnership or disregard- ed entity under U.S. tax law (“LLC”) (and holders of interests in similarly fiscally transparent U.S. entities) may be entitled to benefits under the Treaty in certain circum- stances provided that the members of the LLC are taxed in the United States on any income, profits or gains earned through the LLC in the same way they would be if they had earned it directly. Note, the recently concluded Fifth Protocol to the Treaty will affect those shareholders that hold their shares through an LLC or other fiscally trans- parent or “hybrid” entity. If you utilize such entities to hold your common shares, then you consult your tax advisors about the impact of the Fifth Protocol on your holdings. Special rules, which are not discussed in this summary, may apply if you are an insurer carrying on business in Canada and elsewhere, or a financial institution as de- fined by section 142.2 of the Tax Act. If you are in any doubt as to your tax position, you should consult with your tax advisor. This summary is of a general nature only and it is not in- tended to be, nor should it be construed to be, legal or tax advice to any holder of the common shares and no representation with respect to Canadian federal income tax consequences to any holder of common shares is made SHAREHOLDERS SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISERS AS TO THE INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES ARISING IN THEIR PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. herein. ACCORDINGLY, Taxation of Dividends Dividends paid or credited (or deemed to be paid or credited) by us to a holder of one or more common shares will be subject to Canadian non-resident with- holding tax at the rate of 25% on the gross amount of the dividend. Under the Treaty, the rate of withholding tax is reduced to 15% if the holder is the beneficial owner of the dividends or 5% if the holder is a company that owns at least 10% of the company’s voting stock and beneficially owns the dividend. Dividends paid to religious, scientific, charitable and similar tax exempt organizations and pen- sion organizations that are resident and exempt from tax in the U.S. and that have complied with the administra- tive procedures specified in the Treaty are exempt from this Canadian withholding tax. Taxation of Capital Gains Gains realized by a holder on a sale, disposition or deemed disposition of our common shares, will not be subject to tax under the Tax Act unless the common shares constitute “taxable Canadian property” within the meaning of the Tax Act at the time of the sale, dispo- 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 1 sition or deemed disposition (including a deemed dispo- sition upon death of a holder). Our common shares are not “taxable Canadian property” provided that they are listed on a designated stock exchange (which includes the TSX), and that neither you nor one or more persons with whom you did not deal at arm’s length, alone or to- gether, at any time in the five years immediately preced- ing the disposition, owned 25% or more of the issued shares of any class or series of our capital stock. Even if our common shares are taxable Canadian property to you, under the Treaty you will generally be exempt from pay- ing Canadian income tax on any gain provided that you are a resident of the United States for the purposes of the Treaty (and are otherwise eligible for the benefits of the Treaty), and further provided that the value of our com- mon share is not derived principally from real property situated in Canada. Currently, our common shares do not derive their value principally from real property situated in Canada and therefore capital gains realized from the disposition of our common shares would be exempt from tax by virtue of the provisions of the Tax Treaty; however, the determi- nation as to whether Canadian tax would be applicable on a sale, disposition or deemed disposition of common shares must be made at the time of that sale, disposition or deemed disposition. CERTAIN U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS The following discussion is a general summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common shares by a holder of our common shares that is an individual resident of the United States or a United States corporation (a “U.S. Holder”). This summary is general in nature and does not address the effects of any state or local taxes, U.S. federal estate, gift, or generation-skipping taxes, or the tax consequences in jurisdictions other than the United States. In addition, This discussion does not discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to investors subject to special treatment under U.S. federal income tax law (in- cluding, for example, owners of 10.0% or more of the vot- ing shares of the Company). YOU SHOULD CONSULT YOUR OWN ADVISOR REGARD- ING THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OU R COMMON SHARES IN LIG HT OF YOU R PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES. Sale or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder that sells or otherwise dis- poses of our common shares will recognize capital gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes equal to the dif- ference between (i) the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized on the sale or disposition and (ii) the tax basis, determined in U.S. dollars, of those common shares. If the U.S. Holder is an individual, any capital gain generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at preferential rates if specified minimum holding periods are met. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate taxpayers, including indi- viduals, are generally subject to a 15% maximum U.S. fed- eral income tax rate for capital gains recognized in tax- able years beginning before January 1, 2013. Under current law, long-term capital gains of non-corporate taxpayers, including individuals, recognized in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012 will be taxed at a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 20%. The de- ductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Distributions We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. However, subject to the passive foreign invest- ment company rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder must include in gross income as dividend income the gross amount of any distribution (including the amount of any Canadian withholding tax thereon) paid by the Company out of its current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) with respect to our common stock. Except as described below, dividends received by a non- corporate U.S. Holder before January 1, 2013 would be taxed at preferential rates as “qualified dividend income” to such U.S. Holder and will generally be subject to a 15% maximum U.S. federal income tax rate. Under current law, dividends received in taxable years beginning after such date will generally be taxed at the same rate as or- dinary income. A distribution on our common stock in excess of current or accumulated earnings and profits will be treated as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the U.S. Holder’s adjusted basis in such stock (thus reducing, but not below zero, the adjusted tax basis of such stock), and thereafter as gain from the sale or ex- change of common stock. See “Sale or Other Disposition of Our Common Shares” above. However, dividend in- come will not be qualified dividend income (and will be taxed at ordinary income rates) if (i) the U.S. Holder fails to hold the common shares for at least 61 days during the 120 day period beginning 60 days before the ex-div- idend date; (ii) the Internal Revenue Service determines that the Treaty is not a comprehensive income tax treaty that entitles our dividends to qualified dividend treat- ment and our common shares are no longer readily trad- able on an established securities market in the United States; or (iii) we are a passive foreign investment com- pany for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or in the preceding taxable year. For foreign tax credit limitation purposes, dividends paid by us will be income from sources outside the United States. Subject to various limitations, Canadian withhold- ing taxes will be treated as foreign taxes eligible for cred- it against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calcu- lated separately with respect to specific classes of in- come. Dividend income generally will constitute “passive category” income, or in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category” income. The use of foreign tax credits is subject to complex conditions and limitations. In lieu of a credit, a U.S. Holder who itemizes deductions may elect to deduct all of such holder’s foreign taxes in the taxable year. A deduction does not reduce U.S. tax on a dollar-for- dollar basis like a tax credit, but the deduction for foreign taxes is not subject to the same limitations applicable to foreign tax credits. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability of foreign tax credits. Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules A non–U.S. corporation will be classified as a passive for- eign investment company (a “PFIC”) in any taxable year in which, after taking into account the income and assets of certain subsidiaries, either (i) at least 75% of its gross in- 3 2 | G o l d e n S t a r can be made for a lower-tier PFIC, but only if we provide the U.S. Holder with the financial information necessary to make such an election. Special adverse rules that impact certain estate planning goals could apply to our common shares if we are a PFIC. Special rules apply with respect to the calculation of the amount of the foreign tax credit with respect to excess distributions by a PFIC. In general, these rules allocate creditable foreign taxes over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for common shares and otherwise coordinate the foreign tax credit limitation rules with the PFIC rules. U.S. Holders who own common shares during any year in which we are a PFIC must file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 with their U.S. federal income tax return for each year in which such holder owns our common shares, even if we subsequently would not be considered a PFIC. Recently Enacted Legislation The recently enacted Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (the “PPACA”) requires certain U.S. Holders to pay up to an additional 3.8% tax on dividends and capital gains for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. The PPACA is the subject of a number of constitu- tional challenges, and at least one court has held that the PPACA is void. U.S. Holders should also consult their tax advisors regarding potential reporting obligations under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act, signed into law on March 18, 2010, which provides rules relating to ownership of for- eign financial assets or ownership of securities issued by a foreign issuer. Information Reporting and Backup Withholding Dividend payments made with respect to shares of our common shares and proceeds from the sale or other disposition of our common shares may be subject to in- formation reporting requirements and to U.S. backup withholding (currently at a rate of 28%). In general, backup withholding will apply with respect to reportable payments made to a U.S. Holder unless (i) the U.S. Holder is a corporation or other exempt recipient and, if required, demonstrates such exemption, or (ii) the U.S. Holder furnishes the payor with a taxpayer identifi- cation number on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 in the manner required, certifies under penalty of perjury that such U.S. Holder is not currently subject to backup withholding and otherwise complies with the backup withholding requirements. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Rather, the amount of any backup withholding imposed on a pay- ment to a holder will be allowed as a refund or a credit against such holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service. come is passive income, or (ii) at least 50% of the average value of its assets is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. Whether or not we will be classified as a PFIC in any taxable year is a factual determination and will depend upon our assets, the market value of our common shares, and our activities in each year and is therefore subject to change. Although we believe that we were not a PFIC for the cur- rent tax year and do not expect to become a PFIC in the foreseeable future, the tests for determining PFIC sta- tus depend upon a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control, and can be subject to uncertainties. Accordingly, we cannot assure U.S. Holders that we are not or will not be a PFIC for this or any future year. We under- take no obligation to advise U.S. Holders of our common shares as to our PFIC status for any year. If we are a PFIC for any year, a U.S. Holder whose holding period for our common shares includes any portion of a year in which we are a PFIC generally would be subject to a special adverse tax regime in respect of “excess distri- butions.” Excess distributions include certain distribu- tions received with respect to PFIC shares in a taxable year. Gain recognized by a U.S. Holder on a sale or other transfer of our common shares (including certain trans- fers that would otherwise be tax-free) also would be treat- ed as excess distributions. Such excess distributions and gains would be allocated ratably to the U.S. Holder’s hold- ing period. For these purposes, the holding period of shares acquired either through an exercise of options or the conversion of convertible debentures includes the U.S. Holder’s holding period in the option or convertible de- benture. The portion of any excess distribution (including gains treated as excess distributions) allocated to the current year and to prior years before we first became a PFIC would be includible as ordinary income in the current year. The portion of any excess distribution allocated to all other prior years would be taxed at the highest mar- ginal rate applicable to ordinary income for each such year (regardless of the U.S. Holder’s actual marginal rate for that year and without reduction by any losses or loss carryforwards) and would be subject to interest charges. Elections may be available to mitigate the adverse tax rules that apply to PFICs (the so-called “QEF” and “mark- to-market” elections), but these elections may acceler- ate the recognition of taxable income and may result in the recognition of ordinary income. The QEF and mark- to-market elections are not available to U.S. Holders with respect to options to acquire our common shares or convertible debentures. We have not decided whether we would provide to U.S. Holders the annual information that would be necessary to make the QEF election. In addition, dividends received from us are not “qualified dividend income” if we are a passive foreign investment company for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or in the preceding taxable year. If we are a PFIC in a taxable year and own shares in another PFIC (a “lower-tier PFIC”), a U.S. Holder also will be subject to the excess distribution regime with respect to its indirect ownership of the lower-tier PFIC. The mark-to-market election would not be available for any indirect ownership of a lower-tier PFIC. A QEF election 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 3 ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The selected financial data set forth below are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007 and 2006, and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and the notes thereto. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. Selected financial data derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP has also been provided and should be read in conjunction with Note 27 to the financial statements. Reference should also be made to “Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Amounts in thousands except per share data) Canadian GAAP Working capital Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities Shareholder’s equity Canadian GAAP Revenues Net income/(loss) Net income/(loss) per share – basic US GAAP Working capital Current assets Total assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities Shareholder’s equity US GAAP Revenues Net income/(loss) Net income/(loss) per share – basic 2010 2009 $ 139,347 $ 144,560 $ As of December 31, 2008 1,651 $ 262,431 801,455 123,084 159,212 517,881 219,496 753,879 74,936 158,623 520,320 91,973 694,299 90,322 175,810 428,167 2007 71,589 $ 145,826 789,876 74,237 166,979 542,500 2006 28,258 90,534 659,988 62,276 131,974 458,314 For the Year Ended Dec 31, 2009 For the For the For the Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended Dec 31, 2010 Dec 31, 2006 Dec 31, 2008 $ 432,693 $ 400,739 $ 257,355 $ 175,614 $ 126,612 65,173 0.314 For the Year Ended Dec 31, 2007 16,519 0.070 (119,303) (0.506) (35,290) (0.154) (8,281) (0.032) 2010 2009 $ 139,410 $ 145,206 $ 2008 1,651 $ 2007 71,407 $ As of December 31, 262,494 753,226 123,084 193,023 437,119 220,142 722,708 74,936 201,891 443,357 91,973 663,344 90,322 193,871 379,151 146,599 728,977 75,192 202,870 449,278 2006 21,383 90,534 606,095 69,151 129,624 404,418 For the Year Ended Dec 31, 2009 For the For the For the Year Ended Year Ended Year Ended Dec 31, 2010 Dec 31, 2006 Dec 31, 2008 $ 432,693 $ 400,739 $ 257,355 $ 175,614 $ 128,690 57,875 0.279 For the Year Ended Dec 31, 2007 (69,204) (0.313) (41,749) (0.182) (15,882) (0.044) (8,903) (0.048) ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements and related notes. The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Canadian GAAP. For a reconciliation to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”), see Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations includes information available to February 22, 2011. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES In this Form 10-K, we use the terms “total cash cost per ounce” and “cash operating cost per ounce.” “Cost of sales” as found in our statements of operations, includes all mine-site operating costs, including the costs of mining, processing, maintenance, work-in-process inventory changes, mine-site overhead as well as production 3 4 | G o l d e n S t a r taxes, royalties, mine site depreciation, depletion, amortization, asset retirement obligation accretion and by- product credits, but does not include cost of waste stripping capitalized under betterment waste stripping rules, exploration costs, property holding costs, corporate office general and administrative expenses, impairment charges, corporate business development costs, gains and losses on asset sales, capital gains and losses on for- eign currency conversions, interest expense, gains and losses on derivatives, gains and losses on investments and income tax expense/benefit. “Total cash cost per ounce” for a period is equal to “Cost of sales” for the period less mining related depreciation and amortization costs, accretion of asset retirement obligation costs and operations-related foreign currency gains and losses for the period, divided by the number of ounces of gold sold during the period. “Cash operating cost per ounce” for a period is equal to “Total cash costs” for the period less royalties and production taxes, divided by the number of ounces of gold sold during the period. The following table shows the derivation of these measures: Mining operations costs Royalties Costs (to)/from metals inventory Mining related depreciation and amortization Accretion of asset retirement obligations Cost of sales — GAAP Less royalties Less operations-related foreign exchange gains (losses) Less mining related depreciation and amortization Less accretion of asset retirement obligations Cash operating costs Plus royalties Total cash costs Ounces sold Derivation of cost per ounce measures: Cash operating cost per ounce Total cash cost per ounce Mining operations costs Royalties Costs (to)/from metals inventory Mining related depreciation and amortization Accretion of asset retirement obligations Cost of sales — GAAP Less royalties Less operations-related foreign exchange gains (losses) Less inventory write-offs Less mining related depreciation and amortization Less accretion of asset retirement obligations Cash operating costs Plus royalties Total cash costs Ounces sold Derivation of cost per ounce measures: Cash operating cost per ounce Total cash cost per ounce $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ For the year ended December 31, 2010 Wassa 126,314 6,865 (1,967) 63,363 950 195,525 (6,865) 125 (63,363) (950) 124,472 6,865 131,337 183,931 Bogoso/Prestea 150,466 6,194 (2,932) 37,285 1,853 192,866 (6,194) (43) (37,285) (1,853) 147,491 6,194 153,685 170,973 $ $ $ $ $ $ Combined 276,780 13,059 (4,899) 100,648 2,803 388,391 (13,059) 82 (100,648) (2,803) 271,963 13,059 285,022 354,904 677 714 $ $ 863 899 $ $ 766 803 $ Bogoso/Prestea For the year ended December 31, 2009 Wassa 98,858 7,306 1,417 71,291 818 131,947 5,457 1,606 42,983 1,347 $ 179,690 (7,306) (281) — (71,291) (818) 99,994 7,306 107,300 223,848 447 479 $ $ $ $ $ 183,340 (5,457) (1,418) (890) (42,983) (1,347) 131,246 5,457 136,703 186,054 705 735 $ $ $ $ $ Combined 230,805 12,763 3,023 114,274 2,165 363,030 (12,763) (1,699) (890) (114,274) (2,165) 231,240 12,763 244,003 409,902 564 595 We use total cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce as key operating indicators. We monitor these measures monthly, comparing each month’s values to prior periods’ values to detect trends that may indicate increases or decreases in operating efficiencies. These measures are also compared against budget to alert manage- ment about trends that may cause actual results to deviate from planned operational results. We provide these measures to our investors to allow them to also monitor operational efficiencies of our mines. We calculate these measures for both individual operating units and on a consolidated basis. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 5 Total cash cost per ounce and cash operating cost per ounce should be considered as non-GAAP financial measures as defined in SEC Regulation S-K Item 10 and in applicable Canadian securities laws and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are material limitations associated with the use of such non-GAAP measures. Since these measures do not incor- porate revenues, changes in working capital and non-oper- ating cash costs, they are not necessarily indicative of op- erating profit or cash flow from operations as determined under GAAP. Changes in numerous factors including, but not limited to, mining rates, milling rates, gold grade, gold re- covery, costs of labor, consumables and mine site gen- eral and administrative activities can cause these measures to increase or decrease. We believe that these measures are the same as, or similar to, the measures of other gold min- ing companies, but may not be comparable to similarly ti- tled measures in every instance. TRENDS AND EVENTS IN THE TWELVE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2010 Gold Prices Gold prices have generally trended upward during the last ten years from a low of $260 per ounce in 2001 to a high of $1,421 per ounce in November 2010. Realized gold prices for our shipments averaged $1,219 per ounce during 2010, up from $978 per ounce during 2009. Royalties During the first quarter of 2010, the Government of Ghana amended its 2006 Mining Act to change the method of calculating mineral royalties payable to the Government. The prior rules established a royalty rate of not less than 3% and not more than 6% of a mine’s total revenues, the exact amount being determined by each mine’s margin as defined in the law. Under the old rules, our mines have, since their inception, qualified for and paid a 3% rate. Under the amended law, the royalty has been set at a flat rate of 5% of mineral revenues with an effective date of March 19, 2010. In October 2010, we were notified that the effective date was extended to the end of March 2011. Certain mining companies operating in Ghana, including our subsidiaries GSBPL and GSWL, operate under tax stabilization agreements which govern, among other things, royalty rates and various tax rules. Discussions with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning are ongoing to determine the applicability of this new roy- alty legislation to GSBPL and GSWL after March 2011. Increases in Power, Fuel and Labor Rates in Ghana We experienced significant upward pressure on the costs of several of our operating consumables during 2010 including higher prices for diesel fuel, electricity and processing reagents. In December 2010, following several months of discussions, the Ghanaian national power authority announced an increase in electric power rates which was made retroactive back to June 1, 2010. While our mines had anticipated an increase in power rates and had thus accrued higher power costs since June 2010 at the expected new rate, an additional $4.5 million accrual was required in the fourth quarter to properly reflect the full impact of the new higher-than-ex- pected rate announced in December. In January 2011, the government of Ghana announced a series of increases in fuel prices which resulted in a 23% total increase over the December 2010 level. Adoption of U.S. GAAP in 2011 Golden Star has, since its inception, reported to security regulators in both Canada and the U.S. using Canadian GAAP financial statements with a footnote reconciliation to US GAAP. However, a change in SEC position in late 2009 required that beginning in 2011, Canadian compa- nies such as Golden Star, which do not qualify as foreign private issuers, to file their financial statements in the U.S. using U.S. GAAP. In response, we adopted U.S. GAAP for years beginning on or after January 1, 2011 for all future U.S., Ghanaian and Canadian regulatory filings. Increase in Revolving Credit Facility In August 2010, our revolving credit facility was amended and restated to reflect changes to the syndicate and to in- crease the borrowing capacity from $30 million to $45 million. All other material terms of the facility remain unchanged. At December 31, 2010, the borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility decreased by $4.5 million as was scheduled in the revolving credit facility loan agreement. Expansion of Buesichem Deposit at Bogoso/Prestea Exploration drilling earlier in the year identified a new deposit of gold mineralization, now called Buesichem South, located adjacent to our existing Buesichem pit at Bogoso. On going drilling after July was successful in converting a large portion of the previously announced Mineral Resources to Proven and Probable Reserves totaling 4.9 million tonnes at a grade of 2.85 grams per tonne as of the end of 2010. During the second half of 2010 we also identified additional Mineral Resources at Buesichem South, which are in addition to the Proven and Probable Reserves, totaling 3 million tonnes of Measured and Indicated Resources grading 2.26 grams per tonne and also 0.72 million tonnes of Inferred Mineral Resources grading 2.18 grams per tonne. Bogoso has mined ore from the adjacent Buesichem pit since 2001 producing approximately 500,000 ounces of gold to date from this deposit. Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors concerning estimates of Measured, Indicated and Inferred Mineral Resources — The disclosure immediately above about the new Buesichem South resources, uses the terms “Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources” and “Inferred Mineral Resources.” U.S. Investors are cautioned not to assume that any part or all of the mineral deposits in these cate- gories will ever be converted into mineral reserves. Inferred Mineral Resources have a greater amount of un- 3 6 | G o l d e n S t a r certainty as to their existence and as to their economic and legal feasibility. In accordance with Canadian rules, esti- mates of Inferred Mineral Resources cannot form the basis of feasibility or other economic studies. U.S. investors are cautioned not to assume that part or all of the Inferred Mineral Resource exists, or is economically or legally mineable. Recent Development: Employment Agreement Amendment On February 22, 2011, Golden Star Management Services Company, a Delaware corporation, and a whol- ly-owned subsidiary of Golden Star, entered into a First Amendment (the “Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement of Mr. Thomas G. Mair dated March 7, 2008 (the “Agreement”). The Amendment amends terms relating to severance and change of control payments. The Amendment provides for an increase in the payment due to Mr. Mair upon termination of employment without cause or upon a termination by Mr. Mair in the event of a material breach of the Agreement by the Company. The severance payment, which is in addition to the payment of accrued compensation at the time of termination, is increased from one to two times the sum of (1) Mr. Mair’s then current base salary, (2) the average of the target bonus for Mr. Mair for the current calendar year and the bonus paid to Mr. Mair for the previous year, (3) the amount of Company contributions to Mr. Mair’s 401(k) account for the most recent plan year before the termi- nation date and (4) the amount paid by the Company for welfare benefits on behalf of Mr. Mair for the most recent year, subject to limitation in certain circumstances. The Amendment also provides for an increase in the pay- ment due to Mr. Mair in the event of a termination upon a “change in control” as defined in the Agreement. The change in control severance, which is in addition to the payment of accrued compensation at the time of the ter- mination upon a change in control and a pro rata portion of Mr. Mair’s target bonus for the current calendar year, is increased from two times to three times the sum of (1) Mr. Mair’s base salary for the calendar year in which the termination became effective, (2) the average of the tar- get bonus for Mr. Mair for the current calendar year and the bonus paid to Mr. Mair for the previous year, (3) the amount of Company contributions to Mr. Mair’s 401(k) account for the most recent plan year before the termi- nation date and (4) the amount paid by the Company for welfare benefits on behalf of Mr. Mair for the most recent year. Mr. Mair would also receive a portion of the target bonus for the current calendar year which is pro rata to the portion of such year prior to Mr. Mair’s change of control termination. To address U.S. Internal Revenue Code Sections 280G and 4999 non-deductibility and excise taxes on “excess parachute payments,” the Amendment provides that, in the event any payment or distribution by the Company to or for the benefit of Mr. Mair would, absent the provi- sions of the Amendment’s excise tax payment provision, be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, then the payment shall be reduced to equal the maximum amount that may be paid to Mr. Mair without triggering the application of the excise tax. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — 2010 COMPARED TO 2009 Consolidated Results Consolidated 2010 financial results include a net loss of $8.3 million or $0.032 per share as compared to net in- come of $16.5 million or $0.070 per share in 2009. Increased revenues on higher gold prices offset in- creases in cost of sales yielding a $6.6 million increase in mine operating margin as compared to 2009. But in- creases in non-operating costs and interest during 2010 offset the improved mine operating margin yielding a $0.3 million pre-tax loss, down from a $0.9 million pre- tax loss in 2009. Our 2010 consolidated tax expense was $7.9 million, as compared to a $17.4 million tax benefit in 2009. The 2009 benefit was a result of recognizing Wassa’s de- ferred tax assets at the end of 2009 upon transfer of the HBB mining leases to Wassa and improved operational performance at Wassa. The $7.9 million tax expense in 2010 reflects the ongoing use of Wassa’s tax assets to offset 2010 taxable income, and the cost of a temporary tax levy in Ghana. Gold sales totaled 354,904 ounces in 2010, down from 409,902 ounce sold in 2009. The major factors contrib- uting to the decrease in gold sold were lower gold re- covery at Bogoso and lower ore grades at Wassa. Realized gold prices averaged $1,219 per ounce during 2010, up 25% from $978 per ounce in 2009. Wassa pro- cessed essentially the same tonnes in 2010 as in 2009, but ore grades were lower than in 2009 as mining moved into lower grade areas of the Benso and Hwini- Butre ore bodies during 2010. In contrast, Bogoso pro- cessed higher grade ore during 2010 than in 2009, but its gold output was adversely impacted by lower gold recoveries during most of the year. Lower gold recov- ery at Bogoso was related to a change in ore sources during the year. In 2009 and the first quarter of 2010, Bogoso’s main ore source was fresh ore from deep in the Buesichem pit, which yielded good recoveries. By mid 2010, the Buesichem pit was exhausted and Bogoso moved its main mining fleet to the Chujah Main pit where mining in the initial benches encountered par- tially oxidized ore which yielded lower flotation recov- ery of the gold. Bogoso initiated mining at the Bogoso North pit in October to supplement the Chujah Main pit ore. See additional discussion of Wassa and Bogoso’s operations below. SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL RESULTS Gold sales (oz) Average realized price ($/oz) Revenues ($ in thousands) Cash flow provided by operations ($ in thousands) Net income/(loss) ($ in thousands) Net income/(loss) per share – basic ($) 2010 354,904 1,219 432,693 2009 409,902 978 400,739 2008 295,927 870 257,355 115,204 104,615 30,043 (8,281) 16,519 (119,303) (0.032) 0.070 (0.506) 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 7 Our 2010 general and administrative expense was $17.1 million, up $2.9 million over the 2009 level. The increase was mostly due to higher community development spending in Ghana and to higher stock-based compensation ex- pense. The corporate office overhead expense, excluding stock based compensation expense, was up 5% from 2009. Property holding costs are primarily the costs in- curred in care and maintenance activities at the Prestea Underground project. An increase in scheduled accretion of the convertible debentures was the major factor con- tributing to the increase in interest expense. Bogoso/Prestea Operations 2010 Compared to 2009 Bogoso/Prestea gold shipments totaled 170,973 ounces in 2010 at an average gold price of $1,207 per ounce, down from 186,054 ounces in 2009 at an average price of $978 per ounce. While plant feed grades and total tonnes processed were marginally higher in 2010, a drop in gold recovery resulted in lower gold output. The drop in refractory ore gold recovery to 65.7% in 2010 from 70.7% in 2009 was related to a change in ore sources dur- ing the year. In 2009 and the first quarter of 2010, Bogoso’s main feed source was fresh ore from deep in the Buesichem pit which yielded good recoveries. But by mid 2010, the Buesichem pit was exhausted and Bogoso moved its main mining fleet to the Chujah Main pit where mining encountered partially oxidized ore at shallow levels resulting in lower flotation recovery of the gold. Bogoso also processed stockpiled transition ores at various time late in 2010, which also contributed to lower gold recovery rates. The Bogoso North pit was opened in the fourth quarter of 2010 to provide addi- tional ore. Unusually heavy rain fall in the second half of 2010 and dewatering issues impeded mining operations and pit scheduling at both Chujah and Bogoso North. The Bogoso sulfide plant processed refractory ore throughout the year, and in various periods the oxide plant was operated to provide additional refractory con- centrate to the bio-oxidation circuit. In the fourth quarter of 2010, the oxide plant processed oxide ore from a small stockpile accumulated from sundry sources over the past few quarters. Mining was temporarily reinitiated at the Pampe pit 19 km west of Bogoso in the fourth quarter of 2010. We expect that resumption of oxide ore mining from Pampe and the new tailings reprocessing project at Bogoso, assuming permits are received, should al- low extended periods of oxide ore processing at the Bogoso oxide plant starting late in 2011. 3 8 | G o l d e n S t a r BOGOSO/PRESTEA OPERATING RESULTS(1) Ore mined refractory (t) Ore mined non-refractory (t) Total ore mined (t) Waste mined (t) Refractory ore processed (t) Refractory ore grade (g/t) Gold recovery – refractory ore (%) Non-refractory ore processed (t) Non-refractory ore grade (g/t) Gold recovery – non-refractory ore (%) Gold sales (oz) Cash operating cost ($/oz) Royalties ($/oz) Total cash cost ($/oz) 2009 2,940,822 2010 2,733,730 115,417 2,849,147 2008 2,604,639 — 140,036 2,744,675 2,940,822 17,839,043 14,929,249 19,464,979 2,776,160 2.81 2,887,400 2.78 2,736,379 2.82 65.7 70.7 66.5 146,252 — 359,669 2.91 — 2.38 43.5 170,973 — 186,054 66.0 170,499 863 36 899 705 30 735 837 26 863 Bogoso/Prestea’s cash operating costs totaled $147.5 million in 2010, up from $131.2 million in 2009. Higher electric power, fuel, cyanide and labor costs were the key items responsible for Bogoso’s cost increase. Higher cash operating costs coupled with lower gold output pushed cash operating costs to $863 per ounce, up from $705 per ounce in 2009. Bogoso expects to see improved gold recovery during 2011 as mining at the Chujah Main accesses fresher ore at deeper levels in the pit and as more ore comes from the Bogoso North pit. At the same time we continue efforts to increase recovery and plant throughput at the Bogoso sulfide plant while seeking ways to reduce Bogoso’s over-all cost struc- ture. Bogoso’s major 2011 capital expenditures will include development work at the Dumasi pit, additional reserve drill- ing and completion of the tailings processing project. As explained in “Item 1 Business” above, Bogoso added a net 1.0 million ounces of new Proven and Probable Reserves during 2010, bringing the 2010 year-end re- serves to 47.2 million tonnes at an average grade of 2.49 g/t, or 3.8 million ounces before recovery losses. The Prestea Underground mine remained on a care and maintenance basis during 2010, and dewatering contin- ued. A scoping study evaluating the operational and economic potential of an underground mining operation was updated during 2010. The current portion of Bogoso’s asset retirement obliga- tion increased in 2010 due to the need to back fill the plant North Pit at Prestea, and to rehabilitate the associ- ated waste rock dump site. These two items are expect- ed to cost approximately $18.1 million during 2011. Wassa/HBB Operations 2010 Compared to 2009 While Wassa processed essentially the same number of tonnes of ore in 2010 as it did in 2009, ore grades and gold recovery were lower resulting in lower gold sales. In addition, Wassa experienced increases in its cash oper- ating costs, the effects of which were offset by higher gold prices. Wassa sold 183,931 ounces in 2010 at an av- erage realized gold price of $1,230 per ounce as com- pared to 223,848 ounces at an average realized price of $978 per ounce in 2009. Lower plant feed grade in 2010 reflected a transition of mining into lower grade areas of the Benso and Hwini- Butre pits during 2010. Mining is now ramping up at Hwini-Butre, and by mid-2011, we expect to begin mining at the high-grade Father Brown deposit, sending the ore to Wassa for processing. WASSA/HBB OPERATING RESULTS Ore mined (t) Waste mined (t) Ore processed (t) Ore grade processed (g/t) Recovery (%) Gold sales (oz) Cash operating cost ($/oz) Royalties ($/oz) Total cash cost ($/oz) 2010 2,561,088 2009 2,222,511 19,172,059 16,708,312 2,652,939 2.76 95.3 223,848 2,648,232 2.29 94.7 183,931 2008 2,885,985 7,416,516 3,187,230 1.33 93.6 125,427 677 37 714 447 32 479 554 26 580 Cash operating costs rose to $124.5 million in 2010, up from $100.0 million in 2009. Increases in labor, fuel, ex- plosives and electric power accounted for most of the in- crease over 2009 levels. Also, as Wassa ramped up its mining effort at Benso and Hwini-Butre during 2010, it incurred higher costs for contract mining, ore haulage costs and equipment rental than in 2009. Wassa/HBB moved a total of 21.7 million tonnes of ore and waste in 2010, as compared to 18.9 million tonnes in 2009. The higher cash costs and lower gold sales contributed to a cash operating cost of $677 per ounce in 2010, as compared to $447 per ounce in 2009. Lower gold pro- duction resulted in lower depreciation and amortization costs which were down $7.9 million from 2009. RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — 2009 COMPARED TO 2008 Consolidated Results Our consolidated net income totaled $16.5 million or $0.070 per share for 2009 as compared to a net loss of $119.3 million or $0.506 per share, in 2008. The signifi- cant earnings improvement, as compared to 2008, was largely related to a $79.3 million improvement in mine operating margins which was the result of a 38.5%, or 113,975 ounce increase in gold sales and a $108 per ounce increase in average realized gold price. An $8.3 million increase in tax benefits and $65.3 million reduc- tion in impairment losses also contributed to the earn- ings improvement from 2008. A $64.1 million increase in cost of sales partially offset the improvements in gold sales and gold price. Bogoso’s gold sales improved by 9%, or 15,555 ounces, mostly due to improved gold recoveries. Higher grade ores during 2009 from Wassa’s new Hwini-Butre and Benso mines (“HBB properties”) yielded a 78%, or 98,421 ounce increase in Wassa’s gold sales. These higher ounces com- bined with the gold price improvements resulted in a 56% increase in gold revenues over 2008 levels. Bogoso’s cost of sales declined from 2008 levels, but the extra costs associated with the new HBB mining operations resulted in increases in Wassa’s cost of sales, resulting in our overall increase in cost of sales. Transfer of the HBB mining leases to Wassa in 2009 and improved operational performance at Wassa, which al- lowed release of deferred tax asset valuation allowances, provided the tax benefit. Our 2009 general and administrative expense was down $1.1 million reflecting lower legal and tax audit costs than in 2008 and the cost cutting programs implemented in early 2009. Property holding costs are mostly the costs incurred in care and maintenance activities at the Prestea Underground which was deemed impaired and written off at the end of 2008. Higher derivative costs reflect the increased use of gold price derivatives during 2009 as compared to 2008. Most of the increase in interest ex- pense was related to scheduled increases in accretion of the convertible debentures equity component. Bogoso/Prestea Operations 2009 Compared to 2008 Bogoso/Prestea gold shipments increased to 186,054 ounc- es in 2009 at an average price of $978 per ounce, up from 170,499 ounces in 2008 at an average price of $873 per ounce. The increase in gold recovery to 70.7% in 2009 from 66.5% in 2008 was the major factor in the gold sales improvement. While the Bogoso oxide plant processed refractory ore at various times during 2009, there was no non-refractory ore processed at Bogoso during the year. Oxide ore mining remained on stand-by at Pampe awaiting receipt of permits for Prestea South. Once Prestea South permits are issued, we expect to mine oxide ore from both Pampe and Prestea South in amounts sufficient to run the Bogoso oxide mill at capacity. Bogoso/Prestea operations resulted in a $1.5 mil- lion operating margin loss, an improvement from its $47.2 million operating margin loss in 2008. Cash oper- ating costs fell from $142.7 million in 2008 to $131.2 mil- lion in 2009 on lower fuel, power and consumable costs. Lower cash operating costs coupled with increases in gold output resulted in an improvement in unit costs to $705 per ounce, down from $837 per ounce in 2008. The Prestea Underground mine remained on a care and maintenance basis during 2009, and dewatering contin- ued as we evaluated various plans that could allow under- ground mining to restart. Wassa Operations 2009 Compared to 2008 Wassa mining operations underwent significant changes during 2009 due to the impact of its two new mining operations at Benso and Hwini-Butre located 50 and 80 kilometers south of Wassa, respectively. Both of these ore bodies are much higher grade than the pits located adjacent to the Wassa plant site which have furnished ore to the Wassa plant since 2005. As a result of the new ores from Benso and Hwini-Butre during 2009, Wassa saw higher ore grades, increased gold sales, better gold re- coveries and lower costs per ounce. With the new HBB ores, Wassa’s plant feed grade aver- aged 2.76 grams per tonne during 2009 as compared to 1.33 grams per tonne in 2008. Total tonnes processed during 2009 were 16.8% lower than in 2008, but gold recovery increased to 95.3%, up from 93.6% in 2008. Tonnes processed were lower as Wassa cut back on processing low-grade heap leach material to maxi- mize ore residence time in the plant to achieve higher recovery from the higher grade HBB ores. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 3 9 DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 2010 Bogoso Tailings Processing Project In the second quarter of 2010, $8 million was approved for construction of a hydraulic tailings recovery system and associated piping that will feed tailings from a decommis- sioned tailings storage facility to the Bogoso oxide plant’s CIL circuit. The project is expected to come online in late 2011, subject to permitting. While the grade of the tailings material is lower than the ores typically treated in the Bogoso oxide plant, the operating costs are expected to be low since reclaimed tailings can be fed directly into the existing CIL circuit thereby resulting in lower overall pro- cessing costs. The system is designed to handle approxi- mately 2.4 million tonnes of tailings per annum over its five year life yielding up to approximately 40,000 to 50,000 additional ounces per year. Engineering has been completed, and permitting and equipment procurement commenced during the fourth quarter of 2010. Prestea South Properties We received mining permits for Prestea South in 2008 and continue to work on the environmental permits. We expect to initiate development at Prestea South, includ- ing its 10 kilometer haul road extension, once the envi- ronmental permit is received. The Prestea South oxide ore will be transported to Bogoso and processed through the Bogoso oxide plant. The Prestea South sulfide ore will be processed through the Bogoso sulfide plant. The Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) has re- quested an update to the Prestea South Project Environmental Impact Statement (“EIS”). We are cur- rently working with our environmental consultant to finalize the study and expect that the revised EIS will be submitted in the first quarter of 2011. EXPLORATION PROJECTS Exploration expenditures in 2010 totaled approximately $20.0 million, up from $9.0 million in 2009. The 2010 exploration programs concentrated on converting re- sources to reserves at Wassa, Hwini-Butre, Benso, Chichiwelli, Pampe and Buesichem South and on further VTEM geophysical target drilling at Bogoso and Prestea. Other West African exploration activities included drill- ing at our Burkina Faso properties by a joint venture partner; initial drilling on the Niger properties by another joint venture partner who is earning into the Deba and Tialkam licenses; infill soil sampling on the Cote D’Ivoire properties at Amelekia, Abengorou and Agboville; and further diamond drilling and geophysics at the Sonfon joint venture in Sierra Leone. In South America, 2010 exploration efforts concentrated on our Brazilian properties where we have entered into a joint venture to earn an ownership position in a large package of properties in Northern Mato Grosso State as well as initial soil sampling and prospecting on our 100% held ground in Mato Grosso, Goias and Minas Geris States. In 2009 we sold our interest in the Saramacca property in Suriname to Newmont Mining Corporation and are now awaiting the government’s transfer of the properties to Newmont. When the transfer is completed we will receive the $8 million purchase price which is cur- rently being held in escrow. All of our French Guiana as- sets were sold in 2010. 2011 Exploration Plans We have budgeted approximately $30 million for explora- tion activities in 2011, and plan to focus efforts on resource definition drilling in and around our mining leases in Ghana, testing deeper potential underground targets below higher grade portions of the current open pits and drilling of geo- physical targets at Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa, Hwini-Butre and Benso. We expect that the West African exploration programs outside of Ghana will involve continued drilling and assessment of the Burkina Faso and Niger properties undertaken by joint venture partners as well as initial drilling of geochemical targets in Cote D’Ivoire and additional drill- ing on the Sonfon joint venture in Sierra Leone. We expect to step up the level of exploration activity in South America during 2011, especially in Brazil where we have entered into a joint venture with Votorantim Metals on a 3,400 square kilometer land package in Northern Mato Grosso. This joint venture requires us to spend $5 million to earn 50% of the precious metal rights on this package over a three year period and ad- ditional ownership can be acquired if a project advanc- es to the feasibility stage and we complete a feasibility study. The initial joint venture work during 2011 is an- ticipated to involve greenfields soil sampling and follow up on several targets generated by the Votorantim geo- physical and stream sediment data sets as well as initial stream sediment sampling in areas not previously sam- pled. In addition to exploration on the joint venture properties, we plan to conduct further soil and stream sampling on our 100% owned land holdings in Mato Grosso, Goias and Minas Geris States. In Suriname we will continue to assist Newmont with the transfer of the Saramacca joint venture properties. LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES During 2010, our cash and cash equivalents increased by $23.9 million, reaching $178.0 million at December 31, 2010. The increase in cash was a function of the $115.2 million of cash generated from operating activities dur- ing 2010. Operating cash flow of $115.2 million in 2010 was $10.6 million higher than the $104.6 million in 2009 and was sufficient to meet all of our operational, invest- ing and debt needs. Cash flow from changes in working capital was the major factor contributing to the cash flow improvement over 2009. Our capital projects used $83.8 million of cash during 2010, up from $48.8 million in 2009. Capital projects used the following amounts during 2010: $20.9 million for mine development projects, $30.9 million for purchases of cap- ital equipment, $15.1 million for deferred waste stripping, and $16.9 million for mine site exploration and drilling. Outstanding debt decreased by $2.7 million during 2010 reflecting reduction in the equipment financing loans balance. While there were $5.7 million of new equipment loans during 2010, $10.7 million of scheduled payments yielded a net reduction of $5.0 million. Non-cash accre- tion raised the convertible debenture balance by $7.1 mil- lion to $108.8 million during 2010. Continuing periodic accretion fees will bring the convertible debenture bal- ance to its $125.0 million face amount by its November 30, 2012 due date. The $5.0 million opening balance on our revolving credit facility was paid during 2010 leaving a nil balance as the end of 2010 and the balance on the capital leases was reduced to $2.8 million by period pay- ments during 2010. Our $35 million equipment financing 4 0 | G o l d e n S t a r facility had an outstanding balance of $15.7 million at December 31, 2010, with available credit of $19.3 million. Our revolving credit facility ended the year with no out- standing balance and $40.5 million of available credit. See Note 5 to the attached financial statements for a table of schedule future debt payments. We were in compliance with all loan covenants at December 31, 2010. During 2010, all of our cash and cash equivalents were held as cash or was invested in funds that held only U.S. treasury notes and bonds. LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK Our liquidity position improved in 2010 as cash balances continued to grow, reaching $178.0 million at December 31, 2010, up from $154.1 million at the end of 2009 and $33.6 million at the end of 2008. A total of $115.2 million of cash flow from operating activities during 2010 was the major factor contributing to the increase. In addition to the improved cash balances, we maintain a $40.5 million revolving line of credit and have an addi- tional $19.3 million of borrowing capacity under our equipment financing credit facility. We also have a shelf registration statement on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission which enables Golden Star to is- sue common shares, preferred shares, debt securities and warrants from time to time. We expect to use approximately $100 million for capital projects during 2011. This total is expected to include $38 million of mine property development, $20 million of mine site drilling and approximately $42 million for equipment and facilities. During 2011, we expect to pay $8.2 million of principal and interest on our equipment financing facility, $5.0 million of interest payments on the convertible debentures and $2.8 million in interest and principal of our capital leases. Operational cash flow in 2011, along with the revolv- ing credit facility and equipment financing facility, should be sufficient to cover capital and operating needs during 2011. LOOKING AHEAD Our main objectives for 2011 are: • permitting, development and operation of a tailings recovery process at Bogoso to provide feed to the Bogoso oxide plant; • optimize and stabilize ore feed at Bogoso to improve metallurgical recoveries; • continue reserve and resource definition drilling at Bogoso/Prestea and Wassa/HBB; • reopen the Pampe pit to provide oxide ore to the Bogoso oxide processing plant; • finalization of the permitting and development of the Prestea South project; and • advance the development of the Prestea Underground. We are estimating 2011 Bogoso/Prestea gold production of 160,000 to 180,000 ounces at an average cash oper- ating cost of $950 to $1,050 per ounce. We expect Wassa to produce approximately 170,000 to 180,000 ounces during 2011 at an average cash operating cost of $650 to $700 per ounce, with combined total produc- tion of approximately 330,000 to 360,000 ounces at an average cash operating cost of $800 to $870 per ounce. As more fully disclosed in the Risk Factors in Item 1A of this Form 10-K, numerous factors could cause our estimates and expectations to be wrong or could lead to changes in our plans. Under any of these circumstances, the esti- mates described above could change materially. ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS In the various jurisdictions where we operate, all phases of our exploration, project development, and operations are subject to environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations may define, among other things, air and water quality standards, waste management require- ments, and closure and rehabilitation obligations. In general, environmental legislation is evolving to require more strict operating standards, more detailed socioeconomic and en- vironmental impact assessments of proposed projects, and a heightened degree of responsibility for companies and their officers, directors, and employees for corporate social responsibility, and health and safety. Changes in en- vironmental regulations, and the way they are interpreted by the regulatory authorities, could affect the way we op- erate, resulting in higher environmental and social operat- ing costs that may affect the viability of our operations. We note a continuing trend toward substantially increasing environmental requirements and greater corporate social responsibility expectations in Ghana. This includes the need for more permits, analysis, data gathering, commu- nity hearings and negotiations than have been required in the past to resolve both routine operational needs and for new development projects. In Ghana, the trend to longer lead times in obtaining environmental permits has contin- ued such that we are no longer able to estimate permit- ting times. These increases in permitting requirements could affect our environmental management activities including but not limited to tailings disposal facilities and water management projects at our mines. SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS As part of our commitment to corporate social responsi- bility, we support and fund the Golden Star Development Foundation and the Golden Star Oil Palm Plantations Limited (GSOPP). Both these entities aim to improve the standard of living and diversify the economic base with- in our stakeholder communities by sharing our success with our stakeholders. Funding for each of the projects is $1/ounce of gold produced plus 0.1% of pre-tax profits. The Golden Star Development Foundation funds primar- ily infrastructure projects (e.g. schools and clinics), that are selected by stakeholder consultative committees. In this manner, we are able to support projects selected by our communities. The GSOPP is developing oil palm plantations on disturbed lands and then assigns small- holdings to local farmers who then tend the oil palms. Each smallholder receives support from GSOPP and also receives money from the sale of the palm fruit. To date, 790 hectares have been planted and 200 plots of pro- ducing trees have been assigned to local farmers includ- ing at our new project near Hwini-Butre. We have also assisted farmers develop 100 hectares of palm planta- tions on their own farms. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 4 1 RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS We obtained legal services from a legal firm to which one of our board members is of counsel. The total value of all services purchased from this law firm during 2010 and 2009 was $0.9 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Our board member did not personally perform any legal services for us during the period nor did he benefit di- rectly or indirectly from payments for the services per- formed by the firm. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES Our financial statements reflect the application of Cdn GAAP, which is different in certain material respects from U.S. GAAP. The accounting policies reflected there- in are generally those applied by similarly situated min- ing companies in Canada. Our accounting policies under Cdn GAAP are described in Note 3 of our consolidated financial statements. Preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires the use of estimates and assumptions that can affect report- ed amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Accounting policies relating to asset impairments, de- preciation and amortization of mining property, plant and equipment, stock based compensation, tax assets, determination of fair values of financial instruments and site reclamation/closure accruals are subject to estimates and assumptions regarding reserves, gold recoveries, fu- ture gold prices, future operating and reclamation costs and future mining activities. Decisions to write off, or not to write off, all or a portion of our investment in various properties, especially exploration properties subject to impairment analysis, are based on our judgment as to the actual value of the properties and are therefore subjective in most cases. Certain explora- tion properties have been found to be impaired in the past and were written off in prior years. We continue to retain title to certain properties after impairment write- offs as future events and discoveries may ultimately prove that they have value. Listed below are the accounting policies and estimates that we believe are critical to our financial statements based on the degree of uncertainty regarding the esti- mates or assumptions involved and the magnitude of the asset, liability, revenue or expense being reported. • Ore stockpiles: Stockpiles represent coarse ore that has been extracted from the mine and is available for further processing. Stockpiles are measured by physi- cal surveys or by estimating the number of tonnes of ore added and removed from the stockpile during a period. The number of recoverable ounces of gold in stockpiles is based on assay data and the gold recov- ery rate expected when the ore is processed. Stockpile values include mining and mine maintenances costs incurred in bringing the ore to the stockpile, and also a share of direct overhead and applicable depreciation, depletion and amortization relating to mining opera- tions. Costs are added to a stockpile based on current mining costs and are removed at the average cost per tonne of the total stockpile. Stockpiles are reduced as material is removed and fed to the processing plant. A 10% adjustment of a typical stockpile value would change the carrying value of the stockpile inventory by approximately $0.4 million. 4 2 | G o l d e n S t a r • Impairment Charges: We periodically review and evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable from continued opera- tion of the asset. An asset impairment is considered to exist if the sum of all estimated future cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, are less than the carrying value of the long-lived asset. The determination of ex- pected future cash flows requires numerous estimates about the future, including gold prices, operating costs, production levels, gold recovery rates, reclamation spending, ore reserves, amounts of recoverable gold and capital expenditures. • Amortization: Capital expenditures for mining prop- erties, mine development and certain property plant and equipment items, are amortized using a units-of- production method over Proven and Probable Mineral Reserve ounces of gold. Capital expenditures that benefit an entire mining property, such as the cost of building an administrative facility, are amortized over all ounces contained on the property. Capital expen- ditures that benefit only a specific asset such as the preproduction stripping costs of a pit, are amortized over only the ounces located in the associated pit. Reserve estimates, which serve as the denominator in units of production amortization calculations, involve the exercise of subjective judgment and are based on numerous assumptions about future operating costs, future gold prices, continuity of mineralization, future gold recovery rates, spatial configuration of gold de- posits, and other factors that may prove to be incor- rect. A 10% adjustment in estimated total December 31, 2010, reserves at Wassa and at Bogoso/Prestea could result in an approximately $7 million annual change in amortization expense. • Tax Assets: Recognition of future tax assets requires an analysis of future taxable income expectations to evaluate the probability of sufficient future taxable in- come to utilize the accrued tax benefits. Determination of expected future taxable income requires numerous estimates of future variable including but not limited to, gold prices, operating costs, gold recovery, ore re- serves, gold production, ore grades, administrative costs, tax rates, and potential changes in tax laws. • Asset retirement obligation and reclamation expendi- tures: Accounting for future reclamation obligations requires management to make estimates, at each mine site, of future reclamation and closure costs. In many cases a majority of such costs are incurred at the end of a mine’s life which can be several years in the future. Such estimates are subject to changes in mine plans, reclamation requirements, inflation rates and technol- ogy. As a result, future reclamation and closure costs are difficult to estimate. Our estimates of future recla- mation and closing cost are reviewed frequently and are adjusted as needed to reflect new information about the timing and expected future costs of our en- vironmental disturbances. Based upon our current situation, we estimate that a 10% increases in total fu- ture reclamation and closure cash costs would result in an approximately $0.5 million increase in our asset re- tirement obligations. ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS See Note 3 to the financial statements attached below this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Consolidated Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for a discussion of Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements. Adoption of U.S. GAAP in 2011 Golden Star has, since its inception, reported to security regulators in both Canada and the U.S. using Canadian GAAP financial statements with a foot note reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. However, a change in SEC position in late 2009 required that after 2010, Canadian companies such as Golden Star, which do not qualify as foreign private is- suers, file their financial statements in the U.S. using U.S. GAAP after 2010. In response, we adopted U.S. GAAP for years beginning on or after January 1, 2011 for all future U.S., Ghanaian and Canadian regulatory filings. OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS We have no off-balance sheet arrangements. TABLE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS Debt(1) Interest on long term debt Operating lease obligations Capital lease obligations Asset retirement obligations(2) Total Total 140.2 11.7 4.1 3.0 84.3 243.3 $ $ Payment due (in millions) by period Less than 1 Year 3 to 5 years $ $ 7.2 6.0 3.3 2.8 25.3 44.6 $ $ 1 to 3 years 132.9 5.7 0.7 0.2 13.6 153.1 $ $ 0.1 — 0.1 — 5.2 5.4 $ More than 5 Years — — — — 40.2 40.2 $ (1) Includes $125.0 million of convertible debentures maturing in November 2012. Golden Star has the right to repay the $125.0 mil- lion in cash or in common shares at the due date under certain circumstances. The presentation shown above assumes payment is made in cash and also assumes no conversions of the debt to common shares by the holders prior to the maturity date. (2) Asset retirement obligations include estimates about future reclamation costs, mining schedules, timing of the performance of recla- mation work and the quantity of ore reserves, an analysis of which determines the ultimate closure date and impacts the discounted amounts of future asset retirement liabilities. The discounted value of these projected cash flows is recorded as “Asset retirement obligations” on the balance sheet of $45.0 million as of December 31, 2010. The amounts shown above are undiscounted to show full expected cash requirements. OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA This “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” includes informa- tion available to February 22, 2011. As of February 22, 2011, we had outstanding 258,559,486 common shares, options to acquire 6,675,272 common shares, and con- vertible notes which are convertible into 25,000,000 common shares. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK Our exposure to market risk includes, but is not limited to, the following risks: changes in interest rates on our debt, changes in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity price fluctuations. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate be- cause of changes in market interest rates. Our convertible senior unsecured debentures and the outstanding loans under our equipment financing facility bear interest at a fixed rate and are not subject to gains or losses in inter- est rate. Our revolving credit facility has a variable inter- est rate of the higher of the applicable lender’s cost of funds (capped at 1.25% per annum above LIBOR) and LIBOR plus a margin of 5%. As of December 31, 2010, we had a nil balance outstanding on this facility. We have not entered into any agreements to hedge against unfavorable changes in interest rates, but may in the future actively manage our exposure to interest rate risk. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 4 3 Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Currency risk is risk that the fair value of future cash flows will fluctuate because of changes in foreign cur- rency exchange rates. In addition, the value of cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies can fluctuates with changes in currency exchange rates. Since our revenues are denominated in U.S. dollars and our operating units transact much of their business in U.S. dollars, we are typically not subject to significant impacts from currency fluctuations. Even thus, certain purchases of labor, operating supplies and capital assets are denominated in Ghana cedis, euros, British pounds, Australian dollars and South African rand. To accommodate these purchases, we maintain operating cash accounts in non–US dollar currencies and appreciation of these non–US dollar currencies against the U.S. dollar results in a foreign currency gain and a decrease in non–US dollar currencies results in a loss. In the past we have entered into forward purchase contracts for South African rand, euros and other currencies to hedge expected purchase costs of capital as- sets. During 2010 and 2009 we had no currency related de- rivatives. At December 31, 2010, and 2009 we held $9.4 million and $4.3 million, respectively, of foreign currency. Commodity Price Risk Gold is our primary product and, as a result, changes in the price of gold significantly affects our results of operations and cash flows. Based on our expected gold production in 2011, a $10 per ounce change in gold price would result in a $3 to 4 million change in our sales revenues and operating cash flows. To reduce gold price volatility, we have at various times entered into gold price derivatives. At December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, we did not hold any gold price derivatives and thus, there were no financial instruments subject to gold price risk at December 31, 2010. Information about our gold price derivative activity can be found in Note 14 of our finan- cial statements. In January 2011, we entered into a series of put and call contracts covering 76,800 ounces of fu- ture gold production between February and December 2011. The contracts are spread evenly in each week over this period and are structured as cashless collars with a floor of $1,200 per ounce and a cap of $1,457 per ounce. In early February 2011 we entered into a second set of put and call contracts covering 75,200 ounces of future gold production between February and December 2011. The contacts are spread evenly in each week during this period and are structured as cashless collars with a floor of $1,200 per ounce and a cap of $1,503 per ounce. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA To the Shareholders of Golden Star Resources Ltd. We have completed integrated audits of Golden Star Resources Ltd.’s 2010, 2009 and 2008 consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below. 4 4 | G o l d e n S t a r INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT To the Shareholders of Golden Star Resources Ltd. We have completed integrated audits of Golden Star Resources Ltd.’s 2010, 2009 and 2008 consolidated financial statements and their internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010. Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below. Report on the consolidated financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Golden Star Resources Ltd., which comprise the consolidated balance sheet as at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and the consolidated statements of opera- tions and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2010, and the related notes including a summary of significant accounting policies. Management’s responsibility for the consolidated financial statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements in accor- dance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. Auditor’s responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We con- ducted our audits in accordance with Canadian generally accepted auditing standards and the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform an audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. Canadian generally accepted auditing standards require that we comply with ethical requirements. An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence, on a test basis, about the amounts and disclo- sures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the company’s prepara- tion and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are ap- propriate in the circumstances. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting principles and policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the over- all presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained in our audits is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion on the consolidated financial statements. Opinion In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Golden Star Resources Ltd. as at December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009 and the results of their operations and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2010 in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. Report on internal control over financial reporting We have also audited Golden Star Resources Ltd.’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Management’s responsibility for internal control over financial reporting Management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in Item 9A of the Annual Report on Form 10-K. Auditor’s responsibility Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was main- tained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control,based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 4 5 We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our audit opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting. Definition of internal control over financial reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with Canadian generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Inherent limitations Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inade- quate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Opinion In our opinion, Golden Star Resources Ltd. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial re- porting as at December 31, 2010 based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, issued by COSO. /s/ PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP Chartered Accountants February 23, 2011 Vancouver, British Columbia 4 6 | G o l d e n S t a r GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Stated in thousands of U.S. dollars except shares issued and outstanding) As of As of December 31, 2010 December 31, 2009 ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents (Note 4) Accounts receivable (Notes 4 and 7) Inventories (Note 6) Deposits (Note 8) Prepaids and other (Notes 4 and 9) Total current assets RESTRICTED CASH (Notes 4 and 18) DEFERRED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS (Note 10) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT (Note 11) INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Note 13) MINING PROPERTIES (Note 12) OTHER ASSETS Total assets LIABILITIES CURRENT LIABILITIES Accounts payable (Note 4) Accrued liabilities (Note 4) Asset retirement obligations (Note 15) Current tax liability (Note 17) Current debt (Note 16) Total current liabilities LONG TERM DEBT (Notes 4 and 16) ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS (Note 15) FUTURE TAX LIABILITY (Note 17) Total liabilities MINORITY INTEREST COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 18) SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY SHARE CAPITAL $ 178,018 11,885 65,141 5,865 1,522 262,431 1,205 14,487 229,081 7,373 283,711 3,167 $ 801,455 $ 34,522 53,935 23,485 1,128 10,014 123,084 117,289 21,467 20,456 $ 282,296 1,278 $ 154,088 7,021 52,198 4,774 1,415 219,496 3,804 12,949 231,855 9,480 276,114 181 $ 753,879 $ 28,234 34,178 1,938 616 9,970 74,936 114,595 30,031 13,997 $ 233,559 — First preferred shares, without par value, unlimited shares authorized. No shares issued and outstanding Common shares, without par value, unlimited shares authorized. Shares issued and outstanding: 258,511,236 at December 31, 2010, 257,362,561 at December 31, 2009 CONTRIBUTED SURPLUS EQUITY COMPONENT OF CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME DEFICIT Total shareholders’ equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity — — 693,853 17,552 34,542 643 (228,709) 517,881 $ 801,455 690,423 15,759 34,542 24 (220,428) 520,320 $ 753,879 The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 47 GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (Stated in thousands of U.S. dollars except share and per share data) For the years ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 restated (note 3) REVENUE Gold revenues Cost of sales (Note 20) Mine operating margin/(loss) OTHER EXPENSES, (GAINS) AND LOSSES Exploration expense General and administrative expense Abandonment and impairment Derivative mark-to-market losses (Note 14) Property holding costs Foreign exchange (gain)/loss Interest expense Interest and other income Loss on sale of assets Gain on sale of investments Income/(loss) before minority interest Minority interest Loss before income tax Income tax (expense)/benefit (Note 17) Net income/(loss) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) Unrealized (gain)/loss on available-for-sale investments Comprehensive income/(loss) Net income/(loss) per common share — basic (Note 22) Net income/(loss) per common share — diluted (Note 22) Weighted average shares outstanding (millions) Weighted average number of diluted shares (millions) $ 432,693 388,391 44,302 $ 400,739 363,030 37,709 $ 257,355 298,930 (41,575) 1,860 17,065 — 850 5,299 872 16,946 (362) 829 — 943 (1,278) (335) (7,946) (8,281) 619 (7,662) (0.032) (0.032) 258.0 258.0 834 14,156 3,079 3,538 4,196 (2,995) 15,647 (197) 304 — (853) — (853) 17,372 16,519 113 16,632 0.070 0.069 237.2 238.4 1,954 15,221 68,380 980 — (2,587) 14,591 (805) 575 (5,402) (134,482) 6,150 (128,332) 9,029 (119,303) (3,280) (122,583) (0.506) (0.506) 235.7 235.7 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 4 8 | G o l d e n S t a r GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Stated in thousands of U.S. dollars) Number of Common Shares Share Capital Warrants Options Contributed Surplus Equity Component of Convertible Debentures Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) Retained Deficit Total Shareholders’ Equity (restated note 3) Balance at December 31, 2007 Shares issued under options Options granted net of forfeitures Realized gain on available for sale securities Unrealized loss on available for sale securities Common shares issued Issue costs Payment of loan fees Net loss Balance at December 31, 2008 Shares issued under options Options granted net of forfeitures Unrealized gain on available for sale securities Common shares issued Issue costs Net income Balance at December 31, 2009 Shares issued under options Options granted net of forfeitures Unrealized gain on available for sale securities Issue costs Net loss Balance at December 31, 2010 233,703,681 $ 609,103 $ 5,138 $ 8,092 $ 34,620 $ 3,192 $ (117,644) $ 542,501 360,000 1,023 — — — — (121) 2,088 — — — — — — 902 2,088 — — — — — (5,402) — (5,402) — — 1,881,630 — — — 5,674 (337) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — (78) — 2,122 — — — — — — — — 2,122 5,674 (337) (78) (119,303) (119,303) 235,945,311 $ 615,463 $ 5,138 $ 10,059 $ 34,542 $ (88) $ (236,947) $ 428,167 1,417,250 4,008 — — — — 20,000,000 — — 75,000 (4,048) — — — — — — — (1,470) 2,032 — — — — — — — — — — — — 112 — — — — — — — — 16,519 2,538 2,032 112 75,000 (4,048) 16,519 237,362,561 $ 690,423 $ 5,138 $ 10,621 $ 34,542 $ 24 $ (220,428) $ 520,320 1,148,675 3,537 — — — — — — (107) — — — — — — (1,182) 2,975 — — — — — — — — — — 619 — — — — — — (8,281) 2,355 2,975 619 (107) (8,281) 258,511,236 $ 693,853 $ 5,138 $ 12,414 $ 34,542 $ 643 $ (228,709) $ 517,881 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. There were no treasury shares held as of December 31, 2010. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 4 9 GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Stated in thousands of U.S. dollars) OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net income/(loss) Reconciliation of net income/(loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation, depletion and amortization Amortization of loan acquisition cost Abandonment and impairment Gain on sale of equity investments Loss on sale of assets Non-cash employee compensation Future income tax expense/(benefit) Derivatives mark to market gain/(loss) Accretion of convertible debt Accretion of asset retirement obligations Minority interests Reclamation expenditures Changes in non-cash working capital: Accounts receivable Inventories Deposits Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Other Net cash provided by operating activities INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Expenditures on deferred exploration and development Expenditures on mining properties Expenditures on property, plant and equipment Proceeds from sale of equity investment Proceeds from the sale of assets Change in payable on capital expenditures Change in deposits on mine equipment and material Other Net cash used in investing activities FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Issuance of share capital, net of issue costs Principal payments on debt Proceeds from equipment financing facility and revolving debt facility Other Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year Cash and cash equivalents, end of year For the years ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 restated (note3) $ (8,281) $ 16,519 $ (119,303) 100,762 1,888 — — 829 2,975 6,459 (216) 7,079 2,802 1,279 (9,704) 105,872 (4,010) (14,351) 235 26,978 480 115,204 (3,538) (49,390) (30,849) — 1,467 901 (1,326) 2,598 (80,137) 113,977 1,201 3,079 — 304 2,033 (19,127) (1,838) 6,624 2,165 — (1,985) 122,952 (2,702) (4,327) (845) (10,848) 385 104,615 (3,460) (32,839) (12,468) — 2 (962) (54) 445 (49,336) 2,248 (38,049) 25,674 (1,010) (11,137) 23,930 154,088 $ 178,018 73,489 (28,856) 22,837 (2,219) 65,251 120,530 33,558 $ 154,088 $ 60,583 732 68,380 (5,402) 575 2,088 (9,029) 2,076 6,198 778 (6,150) (1,163) 363 4,060 3,229 — 24,618 (2,227) 30,043 (6,937) (42,830) (24,660) 7,104 1,351 (5,235) 2,881 (2,740) (71,066) 6,238 (17,816) 11,456 (1,051) (1,173) (42,196) 75,754 33,558 (See Note 23 for supplemental cash flow information) 5 0 | G o l d e n S t a r GOLDEN STAR RESOURCES LTD. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (All amounts in table are in thousands of U.S. dollars unless noted otherwise) 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS Through our 90% owned subsidiary Golden Star (Bogoso/ Prestea) Ltd (“GSBPL”) we own and operate the Bogoso/ Prestea gold mining and processing operation (“Bogoso/ Prestea”) located near the town of Bogoso, Ghana. Through our 90% owned subsidiary Golden Star (Wassa) Ltd (“GSWL”) we also own and operate the Wassa gold mine (“Wassa”), located approximately 35 kilometers east of Bogoso/Prestea. Wassa mines ore from pits near the Wassa plant and also processes ore mined at our Hwini- Butre and Benso (“HBB”) mines located south of Wassa. We hold interests in several gold exploration projects in Ghana and elsewhere in West Africa including Sierra Leone, Burkina Faso, Niger and Côte d’Ivoire, and in South America we hold and manage exploration properties in Brazil. 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and reported in United States (“US”) dollars and in accor- dance with generally accepted accounting principles in Canada (“Cdn GAAP” or “Canadian GAAP”) which differ in some respects from GAAP in the United States (“US GAAP”). These differences in GAAP are quantified and explained in Note 27. Our consolidated financial state- ments have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and dis- charge of all liabilities in the normal course of business. With the exception of a few exploration offices, the func- tional currency, including the Ghanaian operations, is the U.S. dollar. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its majority owned subsidiaries, whether owned directly or indirectly. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. Subsidiaries are defined as entities in which the company holds a control- ling interest, is the general partner or where it is subject to the majority of expected losses or gains. Our fiscal year- end is December 31. Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform to the presentation adopted for the current period and to reflect retroactive restate- ments of certain balances required upon the adoption of new accounting guidance. Adoption of U.S. GAAP in 2011 Golden Star has, since its inception, reported to security regulators in both Canada and the U.S. using Canadian GAAP financial statements with a reconciliation to U.S. GAAP. However, a change in SEC position in late 2009 re- quired Canadian companies such as Golden Star that do not qualify as a foreign private issuers, file their financial state- ments in the U.S. using U.S. GAAP after December 31, 2010. We therefore have adopted U.S. GAAP as of January 1, 2011 for all subsequent U.S. and Canadian filings. Canadian secu- rities regulators have announced that they will continue to accept U.S. GAAP financial statements. 3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Use of Estimates Preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assump- tions that can affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, future income tax liabilities, and expenses. The more sig- nificant areas requiring the use of estimates include asset impairments, stock based compensation, tax assets, de- preciation and amortization of assets, and site reclamation and closure accruals. Accounting for these areas is subject to estimates and assumptions regarding, among oth- er things, ore reserves, gold recoveries, future gold pric- es, future operating costs, asset usage rates, and future mining activities. Management bases its estimates on his- torical experience and on other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. However, actual results may differ from our estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash includes cash deposits in any currency residing in checking accounts, money market funds and sweep ac- counts. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid invest- ments purchased with maturities of three months or less. Investments with maturities greater than three months and up to one year are classified as short-term investments, while those with maturities in excess of one year are classi- fied as long-term investments. Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which typically approximates market value. Inventories Inventory classifications include “stockpiled ore,” “in-pro- cess inventory,” “finished goods inventory” and “materi- als and supplies.” All of our inventories, except materials and supplies, are recorded at the lower of weighted aver- age cost or net realizable value. The stated value of all production inventories include direct production costs and attributable overhead and depreciation incurred to bring the materials to it current point in the process- ing cycle, except for our materials and supplies invento- ries. General and administrative costs for corporate of- fices are not included in any inventories. Stockpiled ore represents coarse ore that has been extracted from the mine and is waiting processing. Stockpiled ore is measured by estimating the number of tonnes (via truck counts or by physical surveys) added to, or removed from the stockpile, the number of contained ounces (based on assay data) and estimated gold recovery per- centage. Stockpiled ore value is based on the costs in- curred (including depreciation and amortization) in bringing the ore to the stockpile. Costs are added to the stockpiled ore based on current mining costs per tonne and are removed at the average cost per tonne of ore in the stockpile. In-process inventory represents material that is currently being treated in the processing plants to extract the contained gold and to transform it into a saleable prod- uct. The amount of gold in the in-process inventory is determined by assay and by measure of the quantities of the various gold-bearing materials in the recovery pro- cess. The in-process gold is valued at the average of the beginning inventory and the cost of material fed into the processing stream plus in-process conversion costs in- cluding applicable mine-site overhead, depreciation and amortization related to the processing facilities. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 1 Finished goods (precious metals) inventory is composed of saleable gold in the form of doré bars that have been poured but not yet shipped from the mine site. The bars are valued at the lower of total cost or net realizable value. Included in the total costs are the direct costs of the min- ing and processing operations as well as direct mine-site overhead, amortization and depreciation. Materials and supplies inventories consist mostly of equipment parts, fuel, lubricants and reagents con- sumed in the mining and ore processing activities. Materials and supplies are valued at the lower of aver- age cost or replacement cost and includes tax and freight costs incurred in purchasing the individual in- ventory items. Ore Reserve Quantities Used in Units-of-Production Amortization Gold ounces contained in stockpiled ore are excluded from total reserves when determining units-of-produc- tion amortization of mining property, asset retirement as- sets and other assets. Exploration Costs and Deferred Exploration Properties Exploration costs not directly related to an identifiable mineral deposit are expensed as incurred. Exploration costs related to specific, identifiable mineral deposits, including the cost of acquisition, exploration and development, are capitalized as Deferred Exploration. Management periodically reviews, on a property-by-proper- ty basis, the carrying value of such properties including the costs of acquisition, exploration and development in- curred to date. A decision to abandon, reduce or ex- pand a specific project is based upon many factors in- cluding general and specific assessments of contained or potential mineralized materials, potential reserves, anticipated future mineral prices, the anticipated costs of additional exploration and, if warranted, costs of po- tential future development and operations, and the expi- ration terms and ongoing expenses of maintaining leased mineral properties. We do not set a pre-determined holding period for properties with unproven reserves; how- ever, properties which have not demonstrated suitable metal concentrations at the conclusion of each phase of an ex- ploration program are re-evaluated to determine if fu- ture exploration is warranted and if their carrying values are appropriate. If a Deferred Exploration property is abandoned or it is determined that its carrying value cannot be supported by future production cash flows or sale, the related costs are charged against operations in the year of impair- ment. Subsequent costs, if any, incurred for that prop- erty are expensed as incurred. The accumulated costs of Deferred Exploration proper- ties are reclassified as Mine Property when proven and probable mineral reserves are established and such costs are subsequently depleted on a units-of-produc- tion basis once mining commences. Property, Plant and Equipment Property, plant and equipment assets, including machin- ery, processing equipment, mining equipment, mine site fa- cilities, vehicles and expenditures that extend the life of such assets are recorded at cost,which include acqui- sition and installation costs. The costs of self-constructed assets include direct construction costs and allocated in- terest during the construction phase. Indirect overhead costs are not included in the cost of self-constructed as- sets. Depreciation for mobile equipment and other assets having estimated lives shorter than the estimated life of the ore reserves, is computed using the straight-line method at rates calculated to depreciate the cost of the assets, less their anticipated residual values, if any, over their estimated useful lives. Mining Properties Mining property assets, including tailings dams, mine- site drilling costs where proven and probable reserves have been established, preproduction waste stripping, condemnation drilling, roads, feasibility studies and wells are recorded at cost. The costs of such self-con- structed assets include direct construction costs, a share of direct mine-site overhead costs and allocated interest during the construction phase. Indirect overhead costs are not included in the cost of self-constructed assets. Drilling costs incurred during the production phase for operational ore control are allocated to inventory costs and then included in cost of sales. Mineral property acquisition, exploration and develop- ment costs, buildings, processing plants and other long- lived assets which have an estimated life equal to or greater than the estimated life of the ore reserves, are amortized over the life of the proven and probable reserves of the associated mining property using a units-of- production amortization method. The net book value of property, plant and equipment assets at property loca- tions is charged against income if the site is abandoned and it is determined that the assets cannot be economi- cally transferred to another project or sold. Deferred Mining Costs When employing open pit mining methods, the cost of waste stripping (i.e., the costs of removing overburden and waste material to access mineral deposits) incurred prior to a mine’s in-service date are capitalized and sub- sequently amortized on a units of production basis over the ounces in pit. In accordance with EIC 160 “Stripping Costs Incurred in the Production Phase of Mining Operation”, expendi- tures for waste stripping subsequent to a mine’s in-ser- vice date that can be shown to be a betterment of the mineral property are capitalized and subsequently am- ortized on a units-of-production basis over the mineral reserves that directly benefit from the specific waste striping activity. Waste stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mine which do not qualify as a betterment, are considered variable production costs and are included as a component of inventory produced during the period in which stripping costs are incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We review and evaluate our long-lived assets for impair- ment at least annually and also when events or changes in circumstances indicate the related carrying amounts may not be recoverable. An asset impairment is consid- ered to exist if an asset’s recoverable value is less than its carrying value as recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. In most cases, an asset ’s recoverable value is assumed to be equal to the sum of the asset’s expected future cash flows on an undiscounted basis. If the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows does not exceed the asset’s carrying value, an impairment loss is measured 5 2 | G o l d e n S t a r and recorded based on discounted estimated future cash flows from the asset. Future cash flows are based on es- timated quantities of gold and other recoverable metals, expected price of gold and other commodity (consider- ing current and historical prices, price trends and related factors), production levels and cash costs of production, capital and reclamation costs, all based on detailed engi- neering life-of-mine plans. In estimating future cash flows, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of future cash flows from other asset groups. With the exception of mine- related exploration potential and exploration potential in areas outside of the immediate mine-site, all assets at a particular operation are considered together for pur- poses of estimating future cash flows. In the case of mineral interests associated with other mine-related ex- ploration potential and exploration potential in areas outside of the immediate mine-site, cash flows and fair values are individually evaluated based primarily on re- cent exploration results. Numerous factors including, but not limited to, unexpect- ed grade changes, gold recovery problems, shortages of equipment and consumables, equipment failures, and col- lapse of pit walls, could impact our ability to achieve fore- casted production schedules from proven and probable reserves. Additionally, commodity prices, capital expen- diture requirements and reclamation costs could differ from the assumptions used in the cash flow models used to assess impairment. The ability to achieve the estimated quantities of recoverable minerals from exploration stage mineral interests involves further risks in addition to those factors applicable to mineral interests where proven and probable reserves have been identified due to the lower level of confidence that the identified mineralized mate- rial can ultimately be mined economically. Material changes to any of these factors or assumptions discussed above could result in future impairment charges to operations. Asset Retirement Obligations In accordance with the requirements of the CICA Handbook Section 3110, “Asset Retirement Obligations,” environmental reclamation and closure liabilities are recog- nized at the time of environmental disturbance in amounts equal to the discounted value of expected future recla- mation and closure costs. The discounted cost of future reclamation and closure activities is capitalized as mine property and amortized over the life of the property. The estimated future cash costs of such liabilities are based primarily upon environmental and regulatory require- ments of the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Cash expenditures for environmental remediation and clo- sure are charged as incurred against the accrual. Foreign Currencies and Foreign Currency Translation Our functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The carrying value of monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange prevailing at the bal- ance sheet date. Nonmonetary assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange prevailing when the assets were acquired or the liabilities assumed. Revenue and expense items are translated at the average rate of exchange during the period. Translation gains or losses are included in net earnings for the period. Canadian currency in these financial statements is denoted as “Cdn$,” European Common Market currency is denot- ed as “Euro” or “€,” and Ghanaian currency is denoted as “Ghana Cedi” or “Ghana Cedis.” Income Taxes Income taxes comprise the provision for (or recovery of) taxes actually paid or payable and for future taxes. Future income taxes are computed using the asset and liability method whereby future income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements. Future income tax assets and liabilities are computed using income tax rates in effect when the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect on the future tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the period of substan- tive enactment. The provision for or the recovery of future taxes is based on the changes in future tax assets and li- abilities during the period. In estimating future income tax assets, a valuation allowance is provided to reduce the future tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. Net Income Per Share Basic income per share of common stock is calculated by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares out- standing during the period. In periods with earnings, the calculation of diluted net income per common share uses the treasury stock method to compute the dilutive effects of stock options, and other dilutive instruments. In periods of loss, diluted net income per share is equal to basic income per share. Revenue Recognition Revenue from the sale of metal is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, the price is determinable, the metal has been delivered, title and risk of ownership has passed to the buyer and collec- tion is reasonably assured. All of our gold is sent to a South African gold refiner who locates and arranges for the sale to a third party on the day of shipment from the mine site. The sales price is based on the London P.M. fix on the day of shipment. Title and risk of ownership pass to the buyer on the day doré is shipped from the mine sites. Stock Based Compensation Under the company’s common share option plan (see note 21), common share options may be granted to execu- tives, employees, consultants and non-employee direc- tors. Compensation expense for such grants is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as general and administrative expense, with a corresponding in- crease recorded in the Contributed Surplus account in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The expense is based on the fair values of the option at the time of grant and is recognized over the vesting periods of the respective options. Consideration paid to the company on exercise of options is credited to share capital. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 3 Leases Leases that transfer substantially all the benefits and risks of ownership to the company are recorded as capi- tal leases and classified as property, plant and equip- ment with a corresponding amount recorded with cur- rent and long-term debt. All other leases are classified as operating leases under which leasing costs are expensed in the period incurred. Financial Instruments Our financial instruments include cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, available for sale investments, accounts receivable, derivative contracts, accounts payable, ac- crued liabilities and current and long term debts. Each financial asset and financial liability instrument is initially measured at fair value, adjusted for any associated trans- action costs. In subsequent periods, the estimated fair values of financial instruments are determined based on our assessment of available market information and ap- propriate valuation methodologies including reviews of current interest rates, related market values and cur- rent pricing of financial instruments with comparable terms; however, these estimates may not necessarily be indicative of the amounts that could be realized or set- tled in a current market transaction. The carrying value of the convertible senior unsecured debentures is split to recognize the debt and equity components of the instrument. The debt component of the instrument is accreted to its maturity value through charges to income over the term of the notes based on the effective yield method. Financing costs associated with the issuance of debt are deferred, amortized over the term of the related debt using the effective yield method and presented as a reduction of the related debt. Financial assets, financial liabilities and derivative finan- cial instruments are classified into one of five catego- ries: held-to-maturity, available-for-sale, loans and re- ceivables, other financial liabilities and held-for-trading. All financial instruments classified as available-for-sale or held-for-trading are subsequently measured at fair value. Changes in the fair value of financial instruments designated as held-for-trading are charged or credited to the state- ment of operations for the relevant period, while chang- es in the fair value of financial instruments designated as available-for-sale, excluding impairments, are charged or credited to other comprehensive income until the instru- ment is realized. All other financial assets and liabili- ties are accounted for at cost or at amortized cost de- pending upon the nature of the instrument. After their initial fair value measurement, they are measured at am- ortized cost using the effective interest rate method. 5 4 | G o l d e n S t a r Following is a summary of the categories the Company has elected to apply to each of its significant financial instruments: Financial Instrument Cash and cash equivalents Restricted cash Marketable equity securities Accounts receivable Convertible senior unsecured debentures Accounts payable and accrued liabilities Debt facilities Derivatives Category Loans and receivables Loans and receivables Available-for-sale Loans and receivables Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities Held-for-trading Comprehensive Income Components of comprehensive income/loss consist of unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities and net income. Unrealized gains or losses on securities are net of any reclassification adjustments for realized gains or losses included in net income. Derivatives At various times we utilize foreign exchange and commodity price derivatives to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and gold prices, respec- tively. We do not employ derivative financial instruments for trading purposes or for speculative purposes. Our derivative instruments are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in the statement of operations at the end of each period in an account titled “Derivative mark-to-market gain/(loss)”. (“Section “Business Combinations” Recent Changes in Accounting Pronouncements In January 2009, the CICA issued Handbook Section 1582”). 1582, Section 1582 requires that all assets and liabilities of an acquired business will be recorded at fair value at ac- quisition. Obligations for contingent considerations and contingencies will also be recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. The standard also states that ac- quisition–related costs will be expensed as incurred and that restructuring charges will be expensed in the peri- ods after the acquisition date. Section 1582 applies pro- spectively to business combinations for which the ac- quisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period on or after January 1, 2011. Since we have adopted U.S. GAAP as of January 1, 2011, this new Canadian standard will have no impact on our financial statements. In January 2009, the CICA issued Handbook Section 1601 “Consolidations” (“Section 1601”), and section 1602 “Non-controlling Interests” (“Section 1602”). Section 1601 establishes standards for the preparation of con- solidated financial statements. Section 1602 establishes standards for accounting for a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary in consolidated financial statements subse- quent to a business combination. These standards apply to interim and annual consolidated financial statements relating to fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011. Since we have adopted U.S. GAAP as of January 1, 2011, this new Canadian standard will have no impact on our financial statements. The Canadian Accounting Standards Board (“AcSB”) issued Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants: Handbook (“CICA”) Section 3064, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” which replaces CICA 3062 and es- tablishes standards for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of goodwill and intangible assets. CICA 3064 expands on the criteria for recognition of intan- gible assets that can be recognized and applies to in- ternally-generated intangible assets as well as to pur- chased intangible assets. Section 3064 dictates that certain expenditures not meeting the recognition cri- teria of an intangible asset are expensed as incurred. Emerging “EIC” 27 issues committee decision (Revenues and Expenditures in the pre-operation pe- riod) is no longer applicable for entities that have ad- opted CICA 3064. Section 3064 became effective January 1, 2009 and required that we retrospectively adjust our financial statements to reflect the impact of the changes to the accounting for intangible assets. In response to this new standard, the accompanying December 31, 2010 financial statements and compara- tive period financials include the impact of the reclas- sification of certain 2005 plant start-up period costs to expense, such costs having been initially capitalized as Mining Property assets. Depreciation expense was decreased by $0.8 million in 2008. Future Guidance As explained above, Golden Star has adopted U.S. GAAP as of January 1, 2011, and thus future changes in GAAP in Canada will have no impact on our future US GAAP financial statements. Future changes in U.S. GAAP are discussed in note 27. 4. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS The carrying amounts and fair values of our financial assets and liabilities are as follows: Financial Assets Assets Cash and cash equivalents(1) Restricted cash(1) Accounts receivable(1) Category Loans and receivables Loans and receivables Loans and receivables Derivative Instrument — Riverstone Held-for-trading Available for sale investments(4) Available-for-sale Total financial assets As of December 31, 2010 Carrying Estimated Fair Value Value $ 178,018 $ 178,018 1,205 1,205 11,885 11,885 375 375 928 928 $ 192,411 $ 192,411 As of December 31, 2009 Carrying Estimated Fair Value Value $ 154,088 $ 154,088 3,804 3,804 7,021 7,021 158 158 181 181 $ 165,252 $ 165,252 Financial Liabilities Liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(1) Convertible senior unsecured debentures(2) (3) Revolving credit facility(2) Equipment financing loans(2) Total financial liabilities Category As of December 31, 2010 Carrying Estimated Value Fair Value As of December 31, 2009 Carrying Estimated Value Fair Value Other financial liabilities $ 88,457 $ 88,457 $ 62,412 $ 62,412 Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities Other financial liabilities 114,477 — 16,113 $ 219,047 108,763 — 15,715 $ 212,935 104,617 5,053 21,028 $ 193,110 101,024 2,543 20,998 $ 186,977 (1) Carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. (2) The fair values of the debt portion of the convertible senior unsecured debentures, the equipment financing loans, and the revolv- ing credit facility are determined by discounting the stream of future payments of interest and principal at the estimated prevailing market rates of comparable debt instruments. The carrying values of these liabilities are shown net of any capitalized loan fees. As of December 31, 2010, the revolving credit facility had nil outstanding and the related loan fees are being carried in other assets. (3) The carrying value of the convertible senior unsecured debentures is being accreted to maturity value through charges to in- come over their term based on the effective yield method. Financing costs allocated to the issuance of debt are deferred, amor- tized over the term of the related debt using the effective yield method and presented as a reduction of the related debt. (4) The fair value represents quoted market prices in an active market. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 5 The following tables illustrate the classification of the Company’s financial instruments within the fair value hierarchy as at December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009: The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are: • Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and • Level 3 — Inputs that are not based on observable market data. Available for sale investments Warrants Available for sale investments Warrants Gold forward contracts Financial assets measured at fair value as at December 31, 2010 Level 1 $ 928 — $ 928 Level 2 $ — 375 $ 375 Level 3 $ — — $ — Financial assets measured at fair value as at December 31, 2009 Level 1 $ 181 — — $ 181 Level 2 $ — 158 — $ 158 Level 3 $ — — — $ — Total $ 928 375 $ 1,303 Total $ 181 158 — $ 339 No financial liabilities are measured at fair value on the Canadian GAAP balance sheet as at December 31, 2010, or December 31, 2009. 5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT RISK EXPOSURE AND RISK MANAGEMENT The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument risks. The type of risk exposure and the way in which such exposure is managed is provided as follows: Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that we will encounter difficulty in meeting obligations associated with financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. We manage the liquidity risk inherent in these financial ob- ligations by preparing quarterly forecasts and annual long-term budgets which forecast cash needs and expected cash availability to meet future obligations. Typically these obligations are met by cash flows from operations and from cash on hand. Scheduling of capital spending and acquisitions of financial resources may also be employed, as needed and as available, to meeting the cash demands of our obligations. Our ability to repay or refinance our future obligations depends on a number of factors, some of which may be be- yond our control. Factors that influence our ability to meet these obligations include general global economic condi- tions, credit and capital market conditions, results of operations and the price of gold. Scheduled payments on outstanding debt as of December 31, 2010: Liabilities Equipment financing loans Principal Interest Capital leases Principal Interest Revolving credit facility Principal Interest Convertible debentures Principal Interest Total 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Maturity $ 7,224 989 $ 4,914 468 $ 2,991 164 $ 586 17 $ 2,601 151 — — 224 2 — — — — — — — 5,000 $ 15,965 125,000 5,000 $ 135,608 — — $ 3,155 $ — — — — — — 603 $ 2010 to 2014 2/28/2012 9/30/2012 11/30/2012 — — — — — — — — — Credit Risk Credit risk is the risk that one party to a financial instrument will cause a financial loss for the other party by failing to discharge an obligation. Our credit risk is primarily associated with liquid financial assets and derivatives. Our total financial liquid assets exposed to credit risk is $191 million as of December 31, 2010. We limit exposure to credit risk on liquid financial assets by holding our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and deposits at highly-rated financial institutions. During 2010, all of our excess cash was invested in funds that hold only U.S. treasury bills. We mitigate the credit risks of our derivatives by entering into derivative contracts with only high quality counterparties. Risks 5 6 | G o l d e n S t a r associated with gold trade receivables is considered minimal as we sell gold to a credit-worthy buyer who settles promptly within a week of receipt of gold bullion. Market Risk The significant market risk exposures include foreign currency exchange rate risk, interest rate risk and com- modity price risk. These are discussed further below. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk Foreign currency exchange rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates. The value of cash and cash equivalents denominated in foreign currencies fluctuates with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. While most of our currency is held in U.S. dollar accounts, we maintain various operating cash accounts in non–US dollar currencies. Appreciation of these non–US dollar currencies results in a foreign currency gain and a de- crease in non–US dollar currencies results in a loss. In the past, we have entered into forward purchase contracts for South African Rand, Euros and other currencies to hedge expected purchase costs of capital assets. As of December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, we had no currency related derivatives and $9.4 million and $4.3 million, re- spectively, of cash in foreign currency bank accounts. Interest Rate Risk Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate be- cause of changes in market interest rates. Our con- vertible senior unsecured debentures and the outstand- ing loans under the equipment financing facility are not subject to interest rate risk as they bear interest at a fixed rate and are not subject to fluctuations in interest rate. Our revolving credit facility has a variable interest rate of the higher of the applicable lender’s cost of funds (capped at 1.25% per annum above LIBOR) and LIBOR plus a margin of 5%. As of December 31, 2010, we had nil outstanding on this facility. We have not entered into any agreements to hedge against unfavorable changes in inter- est rates, but may in the future actively manage our expo- sure to interest rate risk. Commodity Price Risk Gold is our primary product, and as a result, changes in the price of gold could significantly affect our results of operations and cash flows. To reduce gold price volatility, we have at various times, entered into gold price deriva- tives. At December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, we did not hold any gold price derivatives and thus there were no financial instruments subject to gold price risk as of the period end. Information about derivative activ- ity within the periods can be found in note 14. 6. INVENTORIES Stockpiled ore In–process Materials and supplies Finished goods Total As of December 31, 2010 2,551 13,776 48,814 — 65,141 $ $ 2009 4,335 8,501 39,362 — 52,198 $ $ There were approximately 20,000 and 26,000 recover- able ounces of gold in the ore stockpile inventories shown above at December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2009, respectively. Stockpile inventories are short-term surge piles expected to be processed within the next 12 months. Bogoso/Prestea recognized a $2.0 million write down of its in-process inventory due to poor gold recov- ery from transition ore processed in the fourth quarter. 7. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE As of December 31, 2010 9,518 2,367 11,885 $ $ $ $ 2009 6,378 643 7,021 Value added tax refund Other Total 8. DEPOSITS Represents cash advances and payments for equipment and materials purchased by our mines which are not yet delivered on-site. 9. AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE INVESTMENTS As of December 31, 2010 Riverstone Resources Inc. As of December 31, 2009 Riverstone Resources Inc. Fair Value Shares Fair Value Shares Balance beginning of period Acquisitions OCI — unrealized gain/(loss) Balance end of period $ $ 181 128 619 928 700,000 600,000 — 1,300,000 $ $ 29 40 112 181 300,000 400,000 — 700,000 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 7 10. DEFERRED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS Consolidated capitalized expenditures on our exploration projects for the year ended December 31, 2010, were as follows: AFRICAN PROJECTS Ghana Sonfon — Sierra Leone Other Africa SOUTH AMERICAN PROJECTS Saramacca — Suriname(1) Paul Isnard — French Guiana(2) Total Deferred Exploration & Costs as of 12/31/2009 Capitalized Exploration Expenditures Transfer to Mining Properties Impairments (see Note 25) Deferred Exploration & Development Costs as of 12/31/2010 Other $ 5,935 $ 2,845 1,018 2,112 $ 1,426 — 1,151 2,000 $ 12,949 $ — — 3,538 $ — $ — — — — — $ — $ — — — $ — — 8,047 4,271 1,018 — — — $ — 1,151 (2,000) — (2,000) $ 14,487 Consolidated property expenditures on our exploration projects for the year ended December 31, 2009, were as follows: AFRICAN PROJECTS Ghana Sonfon — Sierra Leone Other Africa SOUTH AMERICAN PROJECTS Saramacca — Suriname(1) Paul Isnard — French Guiana(2) Total Deferred Exploration & Costs as of 12/31/2008 Capitalized Exploration Expenditures Transfer to Mining Properties Impairments (see Note 25) Deferred Exploration & Development Costs as of 12/31/2009 Other $ 4,437 $ 2,674 1,295 2,643 $ 171 13 (1,145) $ — — — $ — (290) — $ — — 5,935 2,845 1,018 781 4,526 $ 13,713 $ 370 263 3,460 $ — — (1,145) $ — (2,789) (3,079) $ 1,151 — — 2,000 — $ 12,949 (1) In November 2009 we entered into an agreement to sell our interest in the Saramacca joint venture to Newmont for approxi- mately $8.0 million. Proceeds of the sale have been put in escrow pending the receipt of required governmental approvals and certain additional customary conditions. (2) During the first quarter of 2010 all of our rights, title and interest in our exploration company that was operating in French Guiana were sold for approximately $2.1 million. 11. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT As of December 31, 2010 As of December 31, 2009 Bogoso/Prestea Bogoso sulfide plant Wassa/HBB Corporate & other Total Property, Plant and Equipment at Cost 84,507 $ $ Accumulated Depreciation (42,636) (50,988) (45,607) (775) 192,648 90,589 1,343 Property, Plant and Equipment Net Book Value 41,871 141,660 44,982 568 $ Property, Plant and Equipment at Cost 64,527 $ $ Accumulated Depreciation (36,434) (35,797) (33,792) (661) 189,426 83,468 1,118 Property, Plant and Equipment Net Book Value 28,093 153,629 49,676 457 $ $ 369,087 $ (140,006) $ 229,081 $ 338,539 $ (106,684) $ 231,855 There was no interest capitalized in new additions to Property, Plant and Equipment during the two years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. As of December 31, 2010, capital lease assets totaled $5.5 million with $0.7 million of accumulated depreciation for a net book value of $4.8 million. As of December 31, 2009, capital lease assets totaled $0.6 million with $0.1 million of accumulated depreciation for a net book value of $0.5 million. 5 8 | G o l d e n S t a r 12. MINING PROPERTIES As of December 31, 2010 As of December 31, 2009 Bogoso/Prestea Bogoso Sulfide Mampon Wassa / HBB Other Total Accumulated Amortization (37,902) (23,324) $ Mining Properties at Cost 87,274 $ 63,596 15,995 313,837 22,801 (155,189) (3,377) $ 503,503 $ (219,792) — $ Mining Properties, Net Book Value 49,372 40,272 15,995 158,648 19,424 $ 283,711 Accumulated Amortization (35,894) (14,959) $ Mining Properties at Cost 61,421 $ 57,314 15,914 281,662 17,844 (103,811) (3,377) $ 434,155 $ (158,041) — $ Mining Properties, Net Book Value 25,527 42,355 15,914 177,851 14,467 $ 276,114 There was no interest capitalized in new additions to Mining Properties during the two years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. Deferred betterment stripping costs shown in the table immediately below are included in the Mining Properties totals shown in the table above: Opening balance Additions to deferral Gross asset Amortization Net book value Wassa/HBB 2010 Bogoso/ Prestea $ 4,218 $ 9,491 13,709 (774) — $ 5,558 5,558 — $ 12,935 $ 5,558 $ Total 4,218 15,049 19,267 (774) 18,493 Wassa/HBB 2009 Bogoso/ Prestea $ — $ 4,218 4,218 — $ 4,218 $ — $ — — — — $ Total — 4,218 4,218 — 4,218 It is expected that Wassa’s deferred betterment strip- ping costs will be amortized in 2011 and 2012. Bogoso’s deferred betterment stripping costs are expected to be amortized between 2012 and 2015. 14. DERIVATIVES The derivative mark-to-market (gains)/losses recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are com- prised of the following amounts: 13. INTANGIBLE ASSET We, along with three other gold mining companies oper- ating in Ghana, organized a consortium that purchased and constructed a nominal 80 megawatt power station in Ghana. Construction was completed in 2008, and the plant has since generated power, adding its output to the Ghana national grid. Our share of the acquisition and construction costs totaled $12.4 million. At June 30, 2009, the four owners transferred ownership and opera- tional responsibility of the plant to the Ghana power au- thority. In response, at the end of the second quarter of 2009, our 25% ownership share in the power plant, with a net book value of $10.5 million, was transferred from fixed assets to intangible assets in our balance sheet. Our intangible asset represents a right to receive, from the Ghana national grid, an amount of electric power equal to one fourth of this plant’s power output over and above any rationing limit that might be imposed in the future by the Ghana national power authority. The intan- gible asset is being amortized over five years. As of December 31, 2010, the carrying value of the intangible asset was $7.4 million. Riverstone Resources, Inc. – warrants Forward currency purchasing contracts EURO Resources S.A. shares Gold forward price contracts Derivative (gain)/loss Realized (gain)/loss Unrealized (gain)/loss Derivative (gain)/loss $ For the years ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 $ (216) $ (139) $ 285 — — 124 — — (31) 1,066 3,677 $ 850 $ 3,538 $ $ 1,066 $ 3,677 $ (216) 850 $ 3,538 $ (139) 602 980 (995) 1,975 980 Riverstone Resources Inc. — Warrants In the first quarter of 2008, we received 2 million war- rants from Riverstone Resources Inc. (“Riverstone”) as partial payment for the right to earn an ownership inter- est in our exploration projects in Burkina Faso. These warrants are exercisable through January 2012 at prices between Cdn $0.40 and Cdn $0.45, depending on the timing of exercise. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 5 9 Gold Price Derivatives We held no gold price hedging instruments at the end of 2010. During the second quarter of 2010, we entered into contracts for 32,000 ounces at an average settlement price of $1,201.30 per ounce. These contracts expired in the second quarter, resulting in a $1.1 million realized loss. In 2009, we entered into a series of short-term (less than 90 days) gold price hedging contracts and recognized a $3.6 million loss for the year. In January 2011, we entered into a series of put and call contracts covering 76,800 ounces of future gold production between February and December 2011. The contracts are spread evenly in each week over this period and are structured as cashless col- lars with a floor of $1,200 per ounce and a cap of $1,457 per ounce. In early February 2011 we entered into a sec- ond set of put and call contracts covering 75,200 ounces of future gold production between February and December 2011. The contacts are spread evenly in each week during this period and are structured as cashless collars with a floor of $1,200 per ounce and a cap of $1,503 per ounce. 15. ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS At the end of each period, Asset Retirement Obligations (“ARO”) are equal to the present value of all estimated future costs required to remediate any environmental disturbances that exist as of the end of the period, using discount rates applicable at the time of initial recogni- tion of each component of the liability. Included in this liability are the costs of closure, reclamation, demolition and stabilization of the mines, processing plants, infra- structure, tailings storage facilities, waste dumps and ongoing post-closure environmental monitoring and maintenance costs. While the majority of these costs will be incurred near the end of the mines’ lives, it is expect- ed that certain on-going reclamation costs will be in- curred prior to mine closure. These costs are recorded against the asset retirement obligation liability as in- curred. At December 31, 2010, the total undiscounted amount of the estimated future cash needs was estimated to be $84.3 million. Discount rates typically range be- tween 8% and 10%. The schedule of payments required to settle the December 31, 2010, ARO liability extends through 2029. The changes in the carrying amount of the ARO during 2010 and 2009 are as follows: Balance at January 1 Accretion expense Additions and change in estimates Cost of reclamation work performed Balance at December 31 Current portion Long term portion For the years ended December 31, 2010 $ 31,969 2,802 2009 $ 31,656 2,165 19,885 133 (9,704) $ 44,952 $ 23,485 $ 21,467 (1,985) $ 31,969 $ 1,938 $ 30,031 The 2010 increase in current ARO liability as compared to 2009, is related to the cost of filling an exhausted pit and reclaiming the associated waste dump near the town of Prestea. 16. DEBT Current debt: Equipment financing loans Debt facility Capital lease As of December 31, 2010 2009 2008 $ 7,189 $ 9,691 $ 12,152 — — 2,825 279 626 — Total current debt $ 10,014 $ 9,970 $ 12,778 Long term debt: Revolving credit facility $ Equipment financing loans Capital lease — $ 2,543 $ — 8,526 11,028 18,911 — — — Convertible debentures 108,763 101,024 93,738 Total long term debt $ 117,289 $ 114,595 $ 112,949 Equipment Financing Credit Facility GSBPL and GSWL maintain a $35 million equipment fi- nancing facility with Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, with Golden Star as the guarantor of all amounts borrowed. The facility provides credit for new and used mining equipment. Amounts drawn under this facility are repayable over five years for new equipment and over two years for used equipment. The interest rate for each drawdown is fixed at the date of the draw-down using the Federal Reserve Bank 2-year or 5-year swap rate or London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 2.38%. At December 31, 2010, approximately $19.3 mil- lion was available to draw down. The average interest rate on the outstanding loans was approximately 7.4% at December 31, 2010. Each outstanding equipment loan is secured by the title of the specific equipment purchased with the loan until the loan has been repaid in full. See note 5 for a table of amounts payable under these loans. Capital Leases In February 2010, GSBPL accepted delivery of a nominal 20 megawatt power plant upon successful commission- ing of the power plant by its owner/operator. Upon ac- ceptance, a $4.9 million liability was recognized which is equal to the present value of future lease payments. The life of the lease is two years from the plant’s February 2010 in-service date. We are required to pay the owner/operator a minimum of $0.3 million per month on the lease, of which $0.23 million will be allocated to principal and in- terest on the recognized liability and the remainder of the monthly payments will be charged as operating costs. Convertible Debentures Interest on the $125 million aggregate principal amount of 4.0% convertible senior unsecured debentures due November 30, 2012, (the “Debentures”) is payable semi- annually in arrears on May 31 and November 30 of each year. The Debentures are, subject to certain limitations, convertible into common shares at a conversion rate of 200 shares per $1,000 principal amount of Debentures (equal to a conversion price of $5.00 per share) subject to adjustment under certain circumstances. The Debentures are not redeemable at our option. On maturity, we may, at our option, satisfy our repayment obligation by paying the principal amount of the Debentures in cash or, subject to certain limitations, by issuing that num- 6 0 | G o l d e n S t a r ber of our common shares obtained by dividing the princi- pal amount of the Debentures outstanding by 95% of the weighted average trading price of our common shares on the NYSE Amex stock exchange for the 20 consecutive trading days ending five trading days preceding the matu- rity date (the “Market Price”). Upon the occurrence of cer- tain change in control transactions, the holders of the Debentures may require us to purchase the Debentures for cash at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount plus ac- crued and unpaid interest. If 10% or more of the fair market value of any such change in control consideration con- sists of cash, the holders may convert their Debentures and receive a number of additional common shares, deter- mined as set forth in the Indenture. The Debentures are direct senior unsecured indebted- ness of Golden Star Resources Ltd., ranking equally and ratably with all our other senior unsecured indebtedness, and senior to all our subordinated indebtedness. None of our subsidiaries have guaranteed the Debentures, and the Debentures do not limit the amount of debt that we or our subsidiaries may incur. The Debentures were accounted for in accordance with EIC 164, “Convertible and other Debt Instruments with Embedded Derivatives”. Under this statement, the issu- ance date fair value of the Conversion feature is record- ed as equity. The issuance date fair value of the Company’s obligation to make principal and interest payments was estimated at $89.1 million and was record- ed as convertible senior unsecured debentures. The issu- ance date fair value of the holder’s conversion option was estimated at $35.9 million and was recorded as the “equity component of convertible debentures”. Fees to- taling $4.7 million relating to the issuance of these de- bentures were allocated pro-rata between deferred fi- nancing fees of $3.4 million and equity of $1.3 million. Periodic accretion of the liability portion of the loan has brought the December 31, 2010, balance to $110.0 mil- lion, before loan fees. See note 5 for a table of amounts payable under this loan. Revolving Credit Facility In August 2010, we amended and restated our revolving credit facility agreement (the “Facility Agreement”) to bring the total borrowing capacity under the facility from $30 million up to $45 million, and to reflect chang- es to the syndicate. All other material terms of the facility remain unchanged. The Facility Agreement is between Standard Chartered Bank, Golden Star Resources and our subsidiaries which own the Bogoso/Prestea, Wassa and HBB properties. The term of the Facility Agreement extends through September 30, 2012. The amount available under the Facility was reduced by $4.5 million on December 31, 2010, and will be further reduced by $9.0 million on December 31, 2011. The Facility bears interest at the high- er of LIBOR or the applicable lenders’ cost of funds rate (which is capped at 1.25% per annum above LIBOR), plus a margin of 5% per annum. As of December 31, 2010, the outstanding balance was nil. Covenants require that we meet certain financial ratios at the end of each quarter, including that in excess of 90% of our assets are retained within a group of subsidiaries whose common shares are pledged as collateral for amounts drawn under the revolv- ing credit facility. We were in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2010. 17. INCOME TAXES We recognize future tax assets and liabilities based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the substantively enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the taxes are paid or recovered. We provide a valuation allowance against future tax assets for which we do not consider realization of such assets to meet the required “more likely than not” standard. Our future tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2010, and 2009 include the following components: Future tax assets: Offering costs Non-capital loss carryovers Capital loss carryovers Mine property costs Reclamation costs Derivatives Unrealized loss Other Valuation allowance Future tax assets Future tax liabilities: Mine property costs Other Future tax liabilities Net future tax assets/(liabilities) As of December 31, 2009 2010 $ 1,338 171,007 513 9,700 9,406 (45) (7) 3,393 (109,072) 86,233 $ 1,567 172,199 449 9,882 6,160 16 (7) 3,571 (99,994) 93,843 106,332 357 106,689 107,483 357 107,840 $ (20,456) $ (13,997) The composition of our valuation allowance by tax juris- diction is summarized as follows: Canada U.S. Ghana Burkina Faso Total valuation allowance 2010 As of December 31, 2009 $ 41,343 $ 38,237 587 66,734 60,646 524 $ 109,073 $ 99,994 399 597 The income taxes (recovery)/expense includes the fol- lowing components: For the years ended December 31, 2008 2009 2010 Current Canada Foreign Future Canada Foreign Total $ — $ — $ 1,487 1,755 — 6,459 (19,127) $ 7,946 $ (17,372) $ — — — — (9,029) (9,029) 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 6 1 A reconciliation of expected income tax on net income before minority interest at statutory rates with the actual expenses (recovery) for income taxes is as follows: For the years ended December 31, Net income/(loss) before minority interest Statutory tax rate Tax expense/(benefit) at statutory rate Foreign tax rates Change in tax rates Non-taxable portion of capital (gains)/losses Expired loss carryovers Ghana investment allowance Non-deductible stock option compensation Non-deductible expenses Loss carryover not previously recognized Ghana property basis not previously recognized Change in future tax assets due to exchange rates Change in valuation allowance National Tax Levy Other Income tax expense/(recovery) During 2009, we recognized $4 million of share offering costs. Shareholders’ equity has been credited in the amounts of $1.2 million for the tax benefits of these de- ductions. In addition, in 2008 we recognized $3.3 million of unrealized loss on marketable equity securities. Other comprehensive income has been credited for the $1 mil- lion tax benefit of these future tax deductions. A $1.2 mil- lion valuation allowance has been provided in sharehold- ers’ equity for the net tax impact of the share offering costs. In addition, a $1 million valuation allowance has been provided in other comprehensive income for the net tax impact of the unrealized loss. At December 31, 2010, we had tax pool and loss carry- overs expiring as follows: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 Indefinite Total Canada — — — — 4,215 8,273 15,967 16,266 14,621 22,483 19,018 3,603 104,446 $ $ Ghana — — 32,545 46,294 — — — — — — — 488,805 567,644 $ $ $ $ 2010 943 28.5% 269 (7,916) 659 — — (761) 848 2,561 2,321 912 (1,864) 8,856 1,488 573 $ 7,946 $ $ 2009 (853) 29.0% (247) (6,951) 476 — — (63) 560 1,924 (2,849) (7,601) (4,018) (359) 1,756 — $ (17,372) 2008 $ (134,482) 29.5% $ (39,672) (6,435) 3,317 (392) 99 (1,288) 616 1,611 399 — 5,792 26,924 — — (9,029) $ 18. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Our commitments and contingencies include the following items: Environmental Bonding in Ghana In 2005, pursuant to a reclamation bonding agreement between the Ghana Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and GSWL, we bonded $3.0 million to cover future reclamation obligations at Wassa. To meet the bonding requirements, we established a $2.85 million letter of cred- it and deposited $0.15 million of cash with the EPA. Pursuant to a further bonding agreement between the EPA and GSBPL, we bonded $9.5 million in early 2006 to cover our rehabilitation and closure obligations at Bogoso/Prestea. To meet these requirements, we de- posited $0.9 million of cash with the EPA with the bal- ance covered by a letter of credit. In 2008, the GSBPL letter of credit was increased by $0.5 million to cover the Pampe mining areas. The cash deposits are recorded as Restricted Cash in our balance sheet. In 2008, Bogoso/Prestea resubmitted an updated draft of the Environmental Management Plan (“EMP”) to the EPA that included an updated estimate of the reclamation and closure costs prepared by a third party consultant. A consultant was commissioned to prepare the reclama- tion and closure cost estimate and the final EMP was sub- mitted to the EPA in February, 2009. Bogoso/Prestea has completed all the legal requirements and is waiting for the environmental certificate. In 2009, Wassa sub- mitted an updated draft EMP that covered Wassa opera- tions, including the Benso and Hwini-Butre mines, to the EPA that included an updated estimate of the reclama- tion and closure costs. The EPA has reviewed the EMP and their comments were included in the resubmission. GSWL has paid the certificate fees and the EPA is ex- pected to issue the certificate. 6 2 | G o l d e n S t a r Royalties Dunkwa Properties As part of the acquisition of the Dunkwa properties in August 2003, we agreed to pay the seller a net smelter return royalty on future gold production from the Mansiso and Asikuma properties. As per the acquisition agreement, there will be no royalty due on the first 200,000 ounces produced from Mampon which is lo- cated on the Asikuma property. The amount of the roy- alty is based on a sliding scale which ranges from 2% of net smelter return at gold prices at or below $300 per ounce and progressively increases to 3.5% for gold pric- es in excess of $400 per ounce. Government of Ghana During the first quarter of 2010, the Government of Ghana announced that it was amending its Mining Act 2006 to change the method of calculating mineral royal- ties payable to the Government effective in March 2010. The prior rules established a royalty rate of no less than 3% and no more than 6% of a mine’s total revenues, the exact amount being determined by each mine’s margin as defined in the law. Under the new law, the royalty has been set at a flat rate of 5% of mineral revenues. We were notified in October 2010 that the effective date has been extended to the end of March 2011. Our subsidiaries GSBPL and GSWL operate under tax stabilization agreements which govern, among other things, royalty rates and various tax rules. Accordingly, the applicability to GSBPL and GSWL of this new royalty legislation has not yet been determined. Benso Benso pays a $1.00 per ounce gold production royalty to former owners. Pampe Certain areas of the Pampe property are subject to a 7.5% net smelter return royalty. Prestea Underground Areas of the Prestea Underground below a point 150 me- ters below sea level are subject to a 2.5% net profits in- terest on future income. Ownership of the 2.5% net prof- it interest is currently held by the bankruptcy trustee overseeing liquidation of our former joint venture part- ner in the Prestea Underground. While we believe that the joint venture agreement provides for the 2.5% net profit interest, confirmation of this position has not been received from the bankruptcy trustee. Hwini-Butre As part of the agreement for the purchase of the Hwini- Butre properties, Golden Star agreed to pay B.D. Goldfields Ltd, Hwini-Butre’s former owner, $1.0 million if at least one million ounces of gold are produced and recovered in the first five years of production from the area covered by the Hwini-Butre prospecting license. Gold production was initiated at Hwini-Butre in May 2009. It is not possible at this time to know if future exploration work will increase Hwini-Butre’s reserves sufficiently to yield production of one million ounces prior to May 2014. Obuom In October 2007, we entered into an agreement with AMI Resources Inc. (“AMI”), which gives AMI the right to earn our 54% ownership position in the Obuom property in Ghana. Should AMI eventually obtain full rights to our posi- tion on the property and develop a gold mining operation at Obuom, we would receive from AMI a 2% net smelter return royalty on 54% of the property’s gold production. Goulagou and Rounga In October 2007, we entered into an option agreement with Riverstone Resources Inc. (“Riverstone”) whereby Riverstone has the right to acquire our 90% interest in the Goulagou and Rounga properties in Burkina Faso. To ex- ercise the option, Riverstone is required to spend Cdn$4 million on exploration programs on the Goulagou and Rounga properties over a four-year period, and may then purchase our interest for $18.6 million in cash or Riverstone common shares. We are entitled to receive up to 2 million shares of Riverstone over the term of the option, of which 1.3 million shares have been received as of December 31, 2010 (Note 9). In addition we received 2 million common share purchase warrants of Riverstone during 2008. The Riverstone purchase warrants have remaining exercise prices that range from Cdn$0.40 to Cdn$0.45. Litigation Ghana Crop Damage Action — On October 22, 2008, a Ghanaian court awarded plaintiffs a settlement of ap- proximately $1.9 million in damages against GSBPL in a legal action filed against GSBPL in 2000 related to a 1991 crop damage claim. The plaintiffs claimed that emissions from a now defunct processing plant at Bogoso, which was operated from 1991 to 1994, injured the plaintiffs co- coa trees and reduced their cocoa output. We appealed the judgment to the Ghana Supreme Court in 2009 which rendered its decision in August 2010 awarding 743,000 Ghanaian cedis (approximately $0.5 million) to the plaintiff of which $0.2 million had been deposited with the court in 2004 as a partial settlement, leaving an outstanding amount due of approximately $0.3 million, which was paid in September 2010, bringing this legal action to a close. Bogoso Power Plant During the first quarter of 2010, construction was com- pleted on a nominal 20 megawatt stand-by power plant at Bogoso. We have accounted for the new power facility as a 24 month capital lease (Note 16) beginning in February 2010. We also provided a letter of credit in fa- vor of the power plant provider during the construction period, and this letter expired during the second quarter of 2010. At expiry of the letter of credit, we procured a new letter of credit in favor of the plant owner/operator which will expire at the end of January 2012. At that time, the lease agreement transfers ownership of the power plant to us for no additional payment. 19. CAPITAL DISCLOSURES Our objectives when managing capital are to safeguard access to sufficient funding as needed to continue our acquisition and development of mineral properties and to maintain a flexible capital structure which optimizes the costs of capital at an acceptable level of risk. In the management of capital, we include the compo- nents of shareholders’ equity and debt. We manage the capital structure and make adjustments in light of chang- es in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the underlying assets. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, we may issue new shares, issue new debt, ac- quire or dispose of assets or adjust the amount of 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 6 3 Non-cash employee compensation expense recognized in the statements of operations with respect to the Plan are as follows: Total stock compensation expense during the year $ 2,975 $ 2,033 $ 2,088 2010 2009 2008 We granted 1,598,500, 1,760,000 and 1,964,000 options during 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We do not receive a tax deduction for the issuance of options and as a result, did not recognize any income tax benefit related to the stock compensation expense during 2010, 2009 and 2008. The fair value of options granted during 2010, 2009 and 2008 were estimated at the grant dates using the Black- Scholes option-pricing model based on the assumptions noted in the following table: Expected volatility Risk–free interest rate Expected lives Dividend yield 2010 68.67% to 77.37% 1.18% to 2.58% 2009 68.39% to 74.25% 1.88% to 2.94% 2008 47.52% to 67.78% 2.11% to 3.32% 6 to 9 years 0% 4 to 7 years 0% 4 to 7 years 0% Expected volatilities are based on the mean reversion ten- dency of the volatility of Golden Star’s shares. Golden Star uses historical data to estimate share option exercise and employee departure behavior is used in the Black–Scholes model. Groups of employees that have dissimilar histori- cal behavior are considered separately for valuation pur- poses. The expected term of the options granted repre- sents the period of time that the options granted are expected to be outstanding; the range given above re- sults from certain groups of employees exhibiting differ- ent post–vesting behaviors. The risk–free rate for periods within the contractual term of the option is based on the Canadian Chartered Bank administered interest rates in effect at the time of the grant. investments. Other than the revolving credit facility es- tablished in 2009, we have no restrictions or covenants on our capital structure as of December 31, 2010. Revolving credit facility covenants require that we meet certain financial ratios at the end of each quarter, includ- ing that in excess of 95% of our assets are retained within a group of specified subsidiaries whose common shares are pledged as collateral for amounts drawn under the revolving credit facility. We were in compliance with all covenants at December 31, 2010. In order to facilitate the management of capital require- ments, we prepare annual expenditure budgets which project expected cash and debt positions over several years and which are updated as necessary depending on various factors, including successful capital deployment and general industry conditions. The annual and updat- ed budgets are approved by the Board of Directors. In order to maximize cash available for development ef- forts, we do not pay dividends. Our cash investment pol- icy is to invest cash in highly liquid short-term interest- bearing investments with maturities of three months or less when acquired, selected with regards to the expect- ed timing of expenditures from continuing operations. 20. COST OF SALES Mining operations costs Change in inventories (costs from/(to) metals inventory) Mining related depreciation and amortization Accretion of asset retirement obligations Total cost of sales 2010 2008 $ 289,839 $ 243,568 $ 228,037 2009 (4,899) 3,023 9,670 100,648 114,274 60,445 2,803 778 $ 388,391 $ 363,030 $ 298,930 2,165 21. STOCK BASED COMPENSATION Stock Options We have one stock option plan, the Third Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan (the “Plan”) approved by shareholders in May 2010, under which options are granted at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Options granted are non-assignable and are exercisable for a period of ten years or such other period as stipulated in a stock option agreement between Golden Star and the optionee. Under the Plan, we may grant options to employees, consultants and directors of the Company or its subsidiaries for up to 25,000,000 shares, of which 11,004,446 are available for grant as of December 31, 2010, and the exercise price of each option is not less than the closing price of our shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange on the day prior to the date of grant. Options typically vest over periods ranging from immediately to three years from the date of grant. Vesting periods are determined at the discretion of the Board of Directors. 6 4 | G o l d e n S t a r A summary of our activity under the plan during 2010 follows: Outstanding as of December 31, 2009 Granted Exercised Forfeited, cancelled and expired Outstanding as of December 31, 2010 Exercisable at December 31, 2010 Weighted– Average Exercise Price (Cdn$) 3.19 3.77 2.11 4.27 3.35 3.48 Options (000) 7,283 1,599 (1,149) (1,009) 6,724 4,622 Weighted– Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value Cdn($000) 7.0 9.3 5.4 — 7.0 6.3 4,221 — 2,423 — 9,001 5,770 A summary of option activity under the Plan as of December 31, 2009, and changes during the year then ended is presented below: Outstanding as of December 31, 2008 Granted Exercised Forfeited, cancelled and expired Outstanding as of December 31, 2009 Exercisable at December 31, 2009 Weighted– Average Exercise Price (Cdn$) 3.23 1.96 1.94 3.06 3.19 3.46 Options (000) 7,478 1,760 (1,417) (538) 7,283 5,158 Weighted– Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) Aggregate intrinsic Value Cdn($000) 5.9 9.3 2.8 — 7.0 6.3 3,154 — (1,662) — 4,221 383 The number of options outstanding by strike price as of December 31, 2010, and 2009 is shown in the following tables: Range of exercise prices (Cdn$) 0 to 2.50 2.51 to 4.00 4.01 to 7.00 Range of exercise prices (Cdn$) 0 to 2.50 2.51 to 4.00 4.01 to 7.00 Number outstanding at December 31, 2010 (000) 1,472 3,965 1,287 6,724 Options outstanding Weighted– average remaining contractual life (years) 7.5 7.2 6.0 7.0 Weighted- average exercise price (Cdn$) 1.61 3.43 4.98 3.35 Options exercisable Number exercisable at December 31, 2010 (000) 804 2,845 973 4,622 Weighted- average exercise price (Cdn$) 1.53 3.44 5.10 3.48 Number outstanding at December 31, 2009 (000) 2,285 3,365 1,633 7,283 Options outstanding Weighted– average remaining contractual life (years) 7.5 7.1 6.0 7.0 Weighted- average exercise price (Cdn$) 1.54 3.43 4.98 3.19 Options exercisable Number exercisable at December 31, 2009 (000) 1,138 2,587 1,433 5,158 Weighted- average exercise price (Cdn$) 1.39 3.46 5.11 3.46 The weighted–average grant date fair value of share options granted during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 20 0 8 was Cdn$ 2 . 5 4 , Cdn$1 . 21 and Cdn$3 . 3 1 , respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 was Cdn$2.4 million, Cdn$1.7 million and Cdn$0.6 million, re- spectively. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 6 5 A summary of the status of non–vested options at December 31, 2010, and 2009 and changes during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, is presented below: 22. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE The following table provides a reconciliation between basic and diluted earnings per common share: Number of options (000) 2,125 1,599 (1,491) (131) 2,102 Weighted average grant date fair value (Cdn$) 1.49 2.54 1.94 1.73 1.90 Non-vested at January 1, 2010 Granted Vested Forfeited, cancelled and expired Non-vested at December 31, 2010 Net income/(loss) Weighted average num- ber of common shares (millions) Dilutive securities: Options Convertible notes Convertible debentures Warrants 2010 (8,281) 2009 2008 $ 16,519 $ (119,303) $ 258.0 237.2 235.7 — — — — 1.2 — — — — — — — 258.0 238.4 235.7 (0.032) $ 0.070 $ (0.506) (0.032) $ 0.069 $ (0.506) Weighted average number of diluted shares Basic earnings/(loss) per share Diluted earnings/(loss) per share $ $ In 2010 and 2008, 1.8 million and 1.1 million options were in the money, respectively, compared to the average stock price for the year. Number of options (000) 1,926 1,760 (1,386) (175) 2,125 Weighted average grant date fair value (Cdn$) 1.92 1.21 1.76 1.22 1.49 Non-vested at January 1, 2009 Granted Vested Forfeited, cancelled and expired Non-vested at December 31, 2009 As of December 31, 2010, there was a total unrecognized compensation cost of Cdn$2.5 million related to share- based compensation granted under the Plan. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years. The total fair values of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were Cdn$2.9 million, Cdn$2.4 million and Cdn$1.5 million, respectively. Stock Bonus Plan In December 1992, we established an Employees’ Stock Bonus Plan (the “Bonus Plan”) for any full-time or part- time employee (whether or not a director) of the Company or any of our subsidiaries who has rendered meritorious services which contributed to the success of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. The Bonus Plan provides that a specifically designated committee of the Board of Directors may grant bonus common shares on terms that it might determine, within the limitations of the Bonus Plan and subject to the rules of applicable regulatory au- thorities. The Bonus Plan, as amended, provides for the issuance of 900,000 common shares of bonus stock, of which 545,845 common shares had been issued as of December 31, 2010. No shares were issued to employees under the Bonus Plan during 2010, 2009 and 2008. 6 6 | G o l d e n S t a r 23. OPERATIONS BY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA The following segment and geographic data includes revenues based on product shipment origin and long-lived assets based on physical location. As of and for the year ended December 31, Africa Bogoso/ Prestea Wassa/ HBB Other America Corporate Total South 2010 Revenues Net income/(loss) Income tax (expense) benefit Capital expenditures Total assets 2009 Revenues Net income/(loss) Income tax (expense) benefit Capital expenditures Total assets 2008 Revenues Net income/(loss) Income tax (expense) benefit Capital expenditures Total assets $ 206,448 $ 226,245 $ — $ — $ 5,247 — 42,145 378,458 20,380 (7,946) 37,906 266,290 (1,575) — 3,637 9,395 4,463 — — 899 $ 181,820 $ 218,919 $ — $ — $ (3,883) — 11,077 347,974 55,490 17,372 36,739 272,019 (728) — 291 9,208 (3,629) — 638 9,412 $ 148,765 $ 108,590 $ — $ — $ (89,385) — 13,544 371,134 6,732 1,267 54,194 289,749 (15,822) 7,762 5,130 11,087 (1,047) — 1,439 12,112 26. ASSET IMPAIRMENTS (36,796) — $ 432,693 (8,281) (7,946) 83,777 801,455 — 89 146,413 (30,731) — $ 400,739 16,519 17,372 48,767 753,879 — 22 115,266 (19,781) — $ 257,355 (119,303) 9,029 74,427 694,299 — 120 10,217 24. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION In 2010, $1.0 million of cash was paid for taxes, down from $1.1 million paid in 2009. There was no cash paid for income taxes during 2008. In 2010, $7.1 million of cash was paid for interest, down from $7.6 million in 2009 and $7.9 million in 2008. In February 2010, GSBPL accepted delivery of a nominal 20 megawatt power plant upon successful commissioning of the power plant by its owner/operator. Upon accep- tance, a $4.9 million liability was recognized which is equal to the present value of future lease payments. In addition to the liability, a $4.9 million asset was placed in-service. See Note 16 for more discussions on capital leases. Asset Prestea Underground exploration property Prestea South — development property Niger — exploration properties Burkina Faso — exploration properties Ivory Coast — exploration property French Guiana — exploration properties Other Total 2010 2009 2008 $ — $ — $ 44,550 — — 1,815 — — 1,589 — — 18,886 — — 1,539 — — — — — $ 3,079 $ 68,379 2,789 290 $ 25. RELATED PARTIES During 2010, we obtained legal services from a firm to which one of our board members is of counsel. The cost of services incurred from this firm during 2010 and 2009 was $0.9 mil- lion and $0.6 million, respectively. Our board member did not personally provide any legal services to the Company during 2010 or 2009 nor did he benefit directly or indirectly from payments for the services performed by the firm. 2010 Asset Impairments None 2009 Asset Impairments French Guiana In late 2009, an agreement was reached to sell our French Guiana exploration properties. In response to the pending sales agreement, at December 31, 2009, the carrying value of the French Guiana exploration proper- ties was written down to the agreed sales price. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 6 7 2008 Asset Impairments Prestea Underground As of December 31, 2008, Bogoso/Prestea had incurred $44.6 million in drilling, maintenance, shaft refurbishment, dewatering and engineering study costs. A pre-feasibili- ty study prepared in 2008 indicated that substantial amounts of capital would be required to reopen the mine and the resulting operating cash flows would not materi- ally increase cash flows from Bogoso/Prestea’s existing surface mining operations. The pre-feasibility did not in- clude the additional costs of ongoing dewatering and maintenance costs of the underground mine outside of the active mining areas. Furthermore, the pre-feasibility study did not anticipate the sharp increases in mine op- erating costs during 2008 due to higher power, fuel, re- agents and labor costs. Based on the pre-feasibility study results, the increases in operating costs since the study was completed in 2008, especially in the cost of electric power, and due to the high costs of maintaining access to the underground workings, Bogoso/Prestea temporarily stopped its de- velopment activities at this project in late 2008. As a re- sult, the carrying value of the property was fully written down as of December 31, 2008, and an impairment charge of $44.6 million was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Prestea South Portions of the Prestea South properties near the town of Prestea were deemed impaired at the end of 2008 be- cause the cost of relocating homes and town site infra- structure which negated the economic benefit of the re- serves. The development costs of $1.8 million were written off and an impairment charge was recorded in the consolidated statements of operations. Niger Exploration Projects As of December 31, 2008, approximately $2.6 million had been spent on exploration work at the Deba and Tialkam gold projects in Niger since acquiring them from St. Jude in 2005. We plan to continue to hold these properties on a care and maintenance basis and evaluate various alternatives for them. In response to our decision to scale back near-term exploration activities, the proj- ects were written down by $1.6 million. Burkina Faso Exploration Projects The Goulagou/Rounga project was acquired in 2005, and a total of $18.2 million in purchase cost was allocat- ed to these projects at that time. Between then and December 31, 2008 an additional $1.1 million was spent on exploration at these two properties. A reevaluation of the economics of the project at the end of 2008 indicated that there was insufficient resources to proceed with development. Based on this analysis, the project was written off and an impairment charge re- corded in the consolidated statements of operations. Ivory Coast Exploration Projects Approximately $1.5 million was spent on exploration ef- forts at the Afema project in the Ivory Coast through the end of 2008. Exploration results failed to identify re- sources that warranted further work and the project was impaired and written off in 2008. 6 8 | G o l d e n S t a r 27. GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN THE UNITED STATES Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in Canada, which differ from U.S. GAAP. The effect of applying U.S. GAAP to our financial statements is shown below. (a) Consolidated Balance Sheets under U.S. GAAP As of December 31, 2010 2009 ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Accounts receivable Inventories (Note d4) Deposits Other current assets Total current assets Restricted cash Available-for-sale and long term investments Deferred exploration and development costs (Note d1) Property, plant and equipment (Note d2) Intangible assets Mining properties (Notes d2 and d4) Other assets (Note d3) Total assets LIABILITIES Current liabilities Long term debt (Note d6) Asset retirement obligations Future tax liability (Note d5) Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Share capital (Note d7) Contributed surplus (Note d6) Accumulated comprehensive income and other Deficit Total Golden Star Resources’ equity Noncontrolling interest Total equity Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ $ $ $ 178,018 11,885 65,204 5,865 1,522 262,494 1,205 928 — 228,367 7,373 250,620 2,239 753,226 123,084 155,878 21,467 15,678 316,107 — 693,487 16,560 1,959 (274,036) 437,970 (851) 437,119 753,226 $ $ $ $ 154,088 7,021 52,844 4,774 1,415 220,142 3,804 181 — 231,141 9,480 255,503 2,457 722,708 74,936 160,172 30,031 11,688 276,827 — 690,056 14,767 1,340 (262,806) 443,357 2,524 445,881 722,708 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 6 9 (b) Consolidated Statements of Operations under U.S. GAAP Net income/(loss) under Cdn GAAP Deferred exploration expenditures expensed under US GAAP (Notes d1 and d2) Reverse write offs of deferred exploration properties (Note d1) Reverse disposal of deferred exploration properties (Note d1) Derivative gain on non-US$ warrants Reverse depreciation on assets already written off for US GAAP (Note d2) Fair value adjustment on debentures (Note d6) Debt Accretion Reversal (Note d6) Expense betterment stripping under US GAAP (Note d4) Other Net income/(loss) under US GAAP before adjustments to income tax Income tax expense adjustment (Note d5) Net loss under US GAAP before adjustments to noncontrolling interest Net (income)/loss adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interest Net loss attributable to Golden Star Resources Basic and diluted net loss per share under US GAAP Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss under US GAAP Net loss under US GAAP Other comprehensive income — on marketable securities Comprehensive loss under US GAAP Comprehensive (income)/loss adjustment attributable to noncontrolling interest Comprehensive loss attributable to Golden Star Resources (c) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows under US GAAP Cash provided by (used in): Operating activities (Note d8) Investing activities (Note d8) Financing activities Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalent beginning of period Cash and cash equivalents end of period For the years ended December 31, 2010 2009 $ (8,281) $ 16,519 2008 restated (note 3) (119,303) $ (3,538) — 2,000 — 2,569 (3,208) 7,739 (15,632) — (18,351) 2,469 (15,882) 4,654 (11,229) (0.044) (15,882) 619 (15,263) 4,654 (10,610) (3,457) 3,076 — — 3,813 (31,181) 3,610 (3,571) 1,145 (10,046) 1,143 (8,903) (2,524) (11,427) (0.048) (8,903) 113 (8,790) (2,524) (11,314) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ (13,279) 43,420 — 954 488 11,438 6,197 — 1,229 (68,856) (348) (69,204) (4,513) (73,717) (0.313) (69,204) (4,737) (73,941) (4,513) (78,454) $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ For the years ended December 31, 2010 2009 2008 96,617 (61,550) (11,137) 23,930 154,088 178,018 $ $ 96,940 (41,661) 65,251 120,530 33,558 154,088 $ $ 16,764 (57,787) (1,173) (42,196) 75,754 33,558 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 7 0 | G o l d e n S t a r (d) Notes: (1) Under U.S. GAAP, exploration, acquisition (except for property purchase costs), and general and ad- ministrative costs related to exploration projects are charged to expense as incurred. For Cdn GAAP purposes, exploration, acquisition and direct gen- eral and administrative costs related to exploration projects have been capitalized by the company. In each subsequent period, the exploration, engineer- ing, financial and market information for each ex- ploration project is reviewed by management to determine if any of the capitalized costs are im- paired. If found impaired, the asset’s cost basis is reduced in accordance with Cdn GAAP provisions. Amounts written off in the current year under Cdn GAAP, which have previously been expensed under U.S. GAAP, result in an adjustment when reconcil- ing net income for the year. Amounts expensed in prior years for U.S. GAAP but sold in the current year are recognized as increases in the gains related to the amount still capitalized for Cdn GAAP. (2) Under U.S. GAAP, the initial purchase cost of mining properties is capitalized. Pre-acquisition costs and subsequent development costs incurred, until a final feasibility study is completed, are expensed in the period incurred. Under Cdn GAAP, the purchase costs of new mining properties as well as all develop- ment costs incurred after acquisition are eligible to be capitalized and are subsequently reviewed each period for impairment. If found impaired, the asset’s cost basis is reduced in accordance with Cdn GAAP provisions. Amounts written off in the current year under Cdn GAAP which have previously been ex- pensed under U.S. GAAP result in an adjustment when reconciling net income for the year. (3) Under U.S. GAAP, loan fees are capitalized as an asset and amortized over the life of loan. This amortized amount is netted against the loan liability for Cdn GAAP. (4) Under Cdn GAAP, expenditures for stripping costs (i.e., the costs of removing overburden and waste material to access mineral deposits) that can be shown to be a betterment of the mineral property are capitalized and subsequently amortized on a units-of-production basis over the mineral re- serves that directly benefit from the specific waste striping activity. U.S. GAAP has no provision of betterment stripping costs and as such, amounts capitalized for Cdn GAAP are reversed and ex- pensed for US GAAP. This adjustment also increas- es the operating costs used for the valuation of metals inventory for U.S. GAAP, resulting in a high- er value for metals inventory under U.S. GAAP. (5) While tax accounting rules are essentially the same under both U.S. and Cdn GAAP, tax account differ- ences can arise from differing treatment of various assets and liabilities. For example, most explora- tion expenditures and certain mine development cost are capitalized under Cdn GAAP and ex- pensed under U.S. GAAP, as explained in notes 1 and 2 above. An analysis of these differences indi- cates that there are larger potential tax benefits under U.S. GAAP than under Cdn GAAP in the GSBPL and GSWL tax jurisdiction. On January 1, 2007, we adopted the provisions of ASC topic 740 “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) for U.S. GAAP purposes. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the finan- cial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. ASC 740 requires that we recognize in our consolidated financial statements, only those tax positions that are “more-likely-than-not” of being sustained as of the adoption date, based on the technical merits of the position. As a result of the implementation of ASC 740, we performed a com- prehensive review of our material tax positions in accordance with recognition and measurement standards established by ASC 740. Based on this review the provisions of ASC 740 had no effect on our finan- cial position, cash flows or results of operations at either December 31, 2010 or December 31, 2009. We and our subsidiaries are subject to the follow- ing material taxing jurisdictions: Ghana, Canada and Burkina Faso. The tax years that remain open to examination by the Ghana Internal Revenue Service are years 2008 through 2010. The tax years that remain open to examination by Revenue Canada are years 2006 through 2009. All tax years remain open to examination in Burkina Faso. Our policy is to recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax benefits in general and ad- ministrative expense. In 2009 we accrued immate- rial penalties related to ongoing CRA Audits in Canada. All outstanding 2003, 2004 and 2005 Canadian tax audit issues were resolved in Canada at an amount less than the accrual made for the audits in 2009. (6) Under Cdn GAAP, the fair value of the conversion feature of convertible debt is classified as equity and the balance is classified as a liability. The liabil- ity portion is accreted each period in amounts which will increase the liability to its full face amount of the convertible instrument as of the ma- turity date. Accretion is recorded as interest ex- pense. For U.S. GAAP purposes, the entire amount of convertible debt is classified as a liability and recorded at fair value at the end of each period, with the change in fair value recorded in the state- ment of operations in accordance with ASC topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. (7) Numerous transactions since the Company’s orga- nization in 1992 have contributed to the difference in share capital versus the Cdn GAAP balance, includ- ing: (i) under U.S. GAAP, compensation expense was recorded for the difference between quoted market prices and the strike price of options grant- ed to employees and directors under stock option plans while under Cdn GAAP, recognition of com- pensation expense was not required; (ii) in May 1992 our accumulated deficit was eliminated through an amalgamation (defined as a quasi-re- organization under U.S. GAAP) — under U.S. GAAP the cumulative deficit was greater than the deficit under Cdn GAAP due to the past write-offs of cer- tain deferred exploration costs; and (iii) gains rec- ognized in Cdn GAAP upon issuances of subsidiar- ies’ shares are not allowed under U.S. GAAP. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 1  (8) Under U.S. GAAP, exploration expenditures and betterment stripping costs are treated as operating cash flows. Cdn GAAP treats certain exploration expenditures as investing cash flows (see note 1). This creates differences in the statement of cash flows. (9) The fair value hierarchy disclosure for financial as- sets and liabilities under U.S. GAAP also includes the convertible debt as it is measured at fair value as noted in Note d6. Available for sale investments Warrants Convertible senior unsecured debentures Available for sale investments Warrants Gold forward contracts Gold forward contracts Convertible senior unsecured debentures Level 1 Financial assets measured at fair value as at December 31, 2010 Total 928 375 $ 1,303 928 — 928 — 375 375 — — — Level 2 Level 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Level 1 Financial liabilities measured at fair value as at December 31, 2010 Total $ 147,779 147,779 Level 3 $ 147,779 147,779 — — — — Level 2 $ $ $ Level 2 Level 1 Financial assets measured at fair value as at December 31, 2009 Total 181 158 — 339 — 158 — 158 181 — — 181 — — — — Level 3 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Level 1 Financial liabilities measured at fair value as at December 31, 2009 Total $ — 144,651 $ 144,651 $ — 144,651 $ 144,651 — — — — — — Level 2 Level 3 $ $ $ $ The convertible senior unsecured debenture is recorded at fair market value for U.S. GAAP purposes only in this note. These debentures are valued based on discounted cash flows for the debt portion and based on a Black Scholes model for the equity portion. Inputs used to determine these values were: discount rate 8.91%, risk free interest rate of 1.67%, volatility of 57.5%, and a remaining life of 1.9 years. The December 31, 2010, volatility estimate incorporated other market data in addition to historical volatility, to estimate future volatility. Balance of December 31, 2009 (Gain) loss included in net income Balance at December 31, 2010 Fair value measurements using Level 3 inputs Convertible senior unsecured debentures $ 144,651 3,127 $ 147,779 Total $ 144,651 3,127 $ 147,779 Recently Adopted Standards In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2010-06, “Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements,” which amends Subtopic 820-10 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification to require new disclo- sures for fair value measurements and provides clarification for existing disclosures requirements. More specifically, this update required (a) an entity to disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 fair value measurements and to describe the reasons for the transfers; and (b) information about purchases, sales, issuances and settlements to be presented separately (i.e. present the activity on a gross basis rather than net) in the reconciliation for fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). This update clarified existing disclosure requirements for the level of disaggregation used for classes of assets and liabilities measured at fair value and requires disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. We adopted this new guidance since the first quarter of 2010 and it did not materially expand our consolidated financial statement footnote disclosures. In December 2007, FASB issued new standards for Non-controlling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements. This standard establishes accounting and reporting standards for the non-controlling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. It clarifies that a non-controlling interest in a subsidiary (minority interest) is an ownership interest in the consolidated entity that should be reported as equity in the Consolidated Financial Statements and separate from the parent company’s equity. Among other requirements, this statement requires consolidated net income to be reported at amounts that include the amounts attributable to both the parent and the 7 2 | G o l d e n S t a r non-controlling interest. It also requires disclosure, on the face of the Consolidated Statement of Operations, of the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the non-controlling interest. This standard became effective for us on January 1, 2009. Recently Issued Standards In April 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2101-12 which amends topic 718 “Compensation — Stock Compensation”. The amendment addresses the classification of an employee share-based payments awards with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which the underlying equity security trades, stating that a share-based award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity’s equity trades shall not be considered to contain a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, such an award is not to be classified as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. This new provision is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. While our stock option plan denominates option strike prices in Canadian dollars, a substantial portion of our common shares trade in Canada and thus it is expected that this new guidance will not affect our consolidated financial position, cash flows, nor results of operations upon adoption in 2011. 28. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) 2010 Quarters ended 2009 Quarters ended ($ millions, except per share data) Revenues Net income/(loss) Net earnings/(loss) per share Dec. 31 $ 105.4 (18.0) Sept. 30 Jun. 30 $ 103.7 $ 120.3 7.6 (1.8) Mar. 31 $ 103.3 3.9 Dec. 31 $ 117.4 19.5 Sept. 30 $ 103.8 (2.3) Jun. 30 $ 91.9 0.4 Mar. 31 $ 87.6 (1.1) Basic Diluted $ (0.070) $ (0.070) $ (0.007) $ (0.007) $ 0.030 $ 0.029 $ 0.015 $ 0.015 $ 0.083 $ (0.010) $ 0.082 $ (0.010) $ 0.002 $ (0.005) $ 0.002 $ (0.005) ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE There have been no disagreements with Pricewaterhouse-Coopers LLP, our auditors, regarding any matter of accounting principles or practices or financial statement disclosure. ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES EVALUATION OF DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES As of December 31, 2010, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Golden Star’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on the evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of December 31, 2010, disclosure controls and procedures were effective. 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 3 MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Management has concluded that the consolidated finan- cial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2010, and 2009 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the periods end- ed December 31, 2010, in accordance with Canadian gen- erally accepted accounting principles. The consolidated fi- nancial by have PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as stated in their report which expressed an unqualified opinion thereon. statements audited been MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING Management of Golden Star is responsible for establish- ing and maintaining adequate internal control over fi- nancial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act. Golden Star’s internal control over finan- cial reporting is a process designed under the supervi- sion of Golden Star’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance re- garding the reliability of financial reporting and the prep- aration of the Company’s financial statements for exter- nal reporting purposes in accordance with Canadian GAAP. As of December 31, 2010, management conduct- ed an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on its assessment using those criteria, manage- ment concluded that Golden Star maintained effec- tive internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. The effectiveness of Golden Star’s internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2010, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, as stated in their report, which appears herein. CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING There was no change in Golden Star’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 un- der the Exchange Act that occurred during the Company’s last fiscal quarter of 2010 that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect Golden Star’s internal control over financial reporting. ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION None. 74 | G o l d e n S t a r P A R T I I I ITEMS 10, 11, 12, 13 AND 14 In accordance with General Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by Part III is hereby incorporated by reference from our proxy circular to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. P A R T I V ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES The following documents are filed as part of this Report: 1. Financial Statements • Management’s Report • Auditors’ Report • Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 • Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 • Consolidated in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 Statements Changes of • Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 • Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 2. Financial Statement Schedules Financial Statement schedules have been omitted since they are either not required, are not applicable, or the required information is shown in the financial statements or related notes. 3. Exhibits 3(i) Incorporating Documents of the Company, includ- ing: Articles of Arrangement dated May 14, 1992, with Plan of Arrangement attached, with Certificate of Amendment with respect thereto dated May 15, 1992; Certificate of Amendment dated May 15, 1992, with Articles of Amendment; Certificate of Amendment dated March 26, 1993, with Articles of Amendment; Articles of Arrangement dated March 7, 1995, with Plan of Arrangement attached, with Certificate of Amendment with respect thereto dated March 14, 1995; Certificate of Amendment dated July 29, 1996, with Articles of Amendment; and Certificate of Amendment dated July 10, 2002, with Articles of Amendment (all incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2003); Articles of Amendment dated May 6, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i) of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year end- ed December 31, 2006)  3(ii) Bylaws of the Company, including: Bylaw Number One, amended and restated as of April 3, 2002 (incorpo- rated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Reg. No. 333- 102225) filed on December 27, 2002); Bylaw Number Two, effective May 15, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2003); and Bylaw Number Three, effective May 15, 1992 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2003); Amendment No. 1 to Bylaw Number One, effective March 9, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(ii) of the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333- 148296) filed on December 21, 2007) 4.1 Form of Specimen Certificate for Common Shares (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3/A (File No. 333-91666) filed on July 15, 2002) 4.2 Amended and Restated Shareholder’s Rights Plan dated as of May 6, 2010, between the Company and CIBC Mellon Trust Company, as rights agent (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2010) 4.3 Indenture dated November 8, 2007, between the Company and The Bank of New York for the Company’s 4.0% Convertible Senior Unsecured Debentures due November 30, 2012, (incorporat- ed by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007) 4.4 Form of Canadian Global Debenture dated November 8, 2007, for the Company’s 4.0% Convertible (in - corporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007) 4.5 Form of U.S. Global Debenture dated November 8, 2007, for the Company’s 4.0% Convertible Senior Unsecured Debentures (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007) 4.6 Registration Rights Agreement dated November 8, 2007, between the Company and BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. for the Company’s 4.0% Convertible Senior Unsecured Debentures (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2007) 10.1 Summary of Executive Management Performance Bonus Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2003) 10.2 Third Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Option Plan, dated May 6, 2010, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on May 12, 2010) 10.3 Form of Stock Option Agreement (Employee) 10.4 Form of Stock Option Agreement (Director) 10.5 Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and its officers and directors (incorpo- rated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Company’s Form 8-K filed on January 23, 2003) 10.6 Employees’ Stock Bonus Plan amended and restated to April 6, 2000, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000) 10.7 First Amendment to the Amended and restated Employment Agreement of Mr. Thomas G. Mair dated as of February 22, 2011, by and between Golden Star Management Services Company and Mr. Thomas G. Mair 10.8 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated effective April 1, 2008, between Golden Star Management Services Company and Mr. Thomas G. Mair (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter end- ed September 30, 2008) 10.9 Employment Agreement dated as of August 20, 2008 by and between Golden Star Management Services Company and John A. Labate (incorpo- rated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on August 26, 2008) 10.10 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated effective April 1, 2008, between Golden Star Management Services Company and Bruce Higson- Smith (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2008) 10.11 Amended and Restated Employment Agreement dated effective April 1, 2008, between Golden Star Resources Ltd. and Mitch Wasel (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on October 6, 2008) 10.12 Employment Agreement dated as of April 2, 2008, by and between Golden Star Management Services Company and D. Scott Barr (incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed April 7, 2008) 10.13 Agreements between the Company and its outside directors granting them options to purchase Guyanor Class “B” common shares, dated August 16, 2001, (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002) 10.14 Mining lease, dated August 16, 1988, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and Canadian Bogosu Resources Limited, relating to the Bogoso property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year end- ed December 31, 2005) 10.15 Mining lease, dated August 21, 1987, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and Canadian Bogosu Resources Limited, relating to the Bogoso property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005) 10.16 Mining lease, dated June 29, 2001, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and Bogoso Gold Limited, relating to the Prestea property (incor- porated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 8-K filed on March 6, 2002) 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 5  10.27 Letter Agreement dated October 10, 2007, be- tween the Company and Riverstone Resources Inc. for the purchase and sale of the Goulagou/Rounga Properties and Yantenga Holdings (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007) 10.28 Amended and Restated Credit Facility Agreement, dated May 1, 2009, between the Company andSt- dard Chartered Bank as Arranger, Original Lender, Agent, Security Trustee and Account Bank; with St. Jude Resources Ltd., First Canadian Goldfields Limited, Fairstar Ghana Limited, Golden Star (Bogoso/Prestea) Limited and Golden Star (Wassa) Limited as guarantors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2010) 14 Code of Ethics for Directors, Senior Executive and Financial Officers and Other Executive Officers (in- corporated by reference to Exhibit 14 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005) 21 Subsidiaries of the Company (incorporated by ref- erence to Exhibit 21 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007) 23 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP 31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer, as adopt- ed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer, as adopt- ed pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) 32.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) 10.17 Mining lease, dated September 17, 1992 between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and Satellite Goldfields Limited, with letter dated April 25, 2002 from the Ministry of Mines consenting to as- signment to Wexford Goldfields Ltd., relating to the Wassa property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004) 10.18 Mining lease dated June 29, 2001, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and Prestea Gold Resources, relating to the Prestea Underground property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004) 10.19 Mining lease, dated January 11, 2008, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and First Canadian Goldfields Limited relating to the Hwini- Butre property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008) 10.20 Mining lease, dated September 27, 2007, between the Government of the Republic of Ghana and First Canadian Goldfields Limited relating to the Benso property (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009) 10.21 Joint Operating Agreement, dated January 31, 2002, between Bogoso Gold Limited and Prestea Gold Resources Limited (incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 10.25 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002) 10.22 Memorandum of Agreement, dated March 14, 2002, among Prestea Gold Resources, Bogoso Gold Limited and others (incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 10.26 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002) 10.23 License Agreement, dated June 28, 2004, be- tween Biomin Technologies S.A. and Bogoso Gold Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10. 24 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005) 10.24 EPCM Services Agreement, dated April 16, 2006, between Bogoso Gold Limited, GRD Minproc (Pty) Limited and GRD Minproc Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006) 10.25 Medium Term Loan Agreement, dated October 11, 2006, between Ghana Limited, Cal Bank Ghana Limited and the Company (incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2006) 10.26 Management Services Agreement dated July 1, 2007, between the Company and Golden Star Manage- ment Services Company (incorporated by refer- ence to Exhibit 10.30 to the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007) 7 6 | G o l d e n S t a r SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report on Form 10-K to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. Golden Star Resources Ltd. Registrant By: /s/ Thomas G. Mair Thomas G. Mair President and CEO February 23, 2011 Date: Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the fol- lowing persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: By: / s/ Ian MacGregor Name: Title: Date: Ian MacGregor Director February 23, 2011 By: /s/ James E. Askew Name: James E. Askew Director Title: February 23, 2011 Date: By: /s/ Thomas G. Mair Name: Thomas G. Mair Title: President and Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer and director) February 23, 2011 Date: By: /s/ John A. Labate Name: John A. Labate Title: Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) February 23, 2011 Date: By: /s/ David K. Fagin Name: David K. Fagin Title: Date: Director February 23, 2011 By: /s/ Robert E. Doyle Name: Robert E. Doyle Director Title: February 23, 2011 Date: By: /s/ Michael Martineau Name: Michael Martineau Director Title: February 23, 2011 Date: By: /s/ Christopher M.T. Thompson Name: Christopher M.T. Thompson Title: Date: Director February 23, 2011 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 7 EXHIBIT 31.1 CERTIFICATION I, Thomas G. Mair, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Golden Star Resources Ltd.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial re- porting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its con- solidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial re- porting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally ac- cepted accounting principles; c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over fi- nancial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal con- trol over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ Thomas G. Mair Thomas G. Mair President and Chief Executive Officer February 23, 2011 7 8 | G o l d e n S t a r EXHIBIT 31.2 CERTIFICATION I, John A. Labate, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Golden Star Resources Ltd.; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial re- porting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its con- solidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial re- porting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally ac- cepted accounting principles; c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over fi- nancial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal con- trol over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. /s/ John A. Labate John A. Labate Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 23, 2011 2 0 1 0 A n n u a l R e p o r t | 7 9 EXHIBIT 32.1 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) I, Thomas G. Mair, President and Chief Executive Officer of Golden Star Resources Ltd., certify, to the best of my knowledge, based upon a review of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2010 of Golden Star Resources Ltd. that: (1) The Annual Report on Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the finan- cial condition and results of operations of Golden Star Resources Ltd. /s/ Thomas G. Mair Thomas G. Mair President and Chief Executive Officer February 23, 2011 EXHIBIT 32.2 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 (Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002) I, John A. Labate, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Golden Star Resources Ltd., certify, to the best of my knowledge, based upon a review of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2010 of Golden Star Resources Ltd. that: (1) The Annual Report on Form 10-K fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and (2) The information contained in the Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the finan- cial condition and results of operations of Golden Star Resources Ltd. /s/ John A. Labate John A. Labate Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 23, 2011 8 0 | G o l d e n S t a r Directors & Management Directors Chris M.T. Thompson 2, 3 Chairman of the Board of Directors Ian MacGregor 1, 2, 3*, 4 Tom Mair James Askew 4* Robert Doyle 1*, 3 David Fagin 1 Management Dr. Michael Martineau 2*, 4 1 audit committee 2 compensation committee 3 nominating and corporate governance committee 4 sustainability committee * committee chairman Tom Mair President and Chief Executive Officer Neale Laffin General Manager, Wassa Nigel Tamlyn General Manager, Bogoso/Prestea D. Scott Barr Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Bruce Higson-Smith Vice President Corporate Development John Labate Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Daniel Owiredu Vice President Operations, Ghana Mark Thorpe Vice President Sustainability Roger Palmer Vice President Finance and Controller S. Mitchel Wasel Vice President Exploration Karl Smith Vice President Technical Services Corporate Information Corporate Headquarters Ghana Office Investor Relations Contacts Golden Star Resources Ltd. 10901 W. Toller Drive, Suite 300 Littleton, CO 80127 U.S.A. Telephone: (303) 830-9000 (800) 553-8436 Toll-free: (303) 830-9094 Fax: Stock Exchange Listings Golden Star Resources Ltd. Level 2, No. 1 Milne Close Airport Residential Area P.O. Box 16075 KIA, Accra, Ghana NYSE Amex Stock Exchange Common stock: GSS Ghana Stock Exchange Common stock: GSR Toronto Stock Exchange Common stock: GSC Registrar and Transfer Agent Questions regarding the change of stock ownership, consolidation of accounts, lost certificates, change of address and other such matters should be directed to: Canadian Stock Transfer Company Attention: Shareholder Services P.O. Box 1900 Vancouver, British Columbia Canada V6C 3K9 GCB Share Registry Ghana Commercial Bank Thorpe Road/High Street P.O. Box 134 Accra, Ghana Telephone: +233 21 668712 +233 21 668656 +233 21 668712 Fax: Online inquiry: www.cibcmellon.com/investorinquiry Online access to shareholder data: http://www.cibcmellon.com/ AnswerLineRegistration E-mail: inquiries@cibcmellon.com Toll-free: (800) 387-0825 (Canada and U.S.—collect elsewhere) (416) 643-5500 (8:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. ET, Monday through Friday) y e l l e n n o D R R : r e t n i r P t r e t s o M p i l i h P : y h p a r g o t o h P . c n I , n g i s e D r e k r a B : n g i s e D Bruce Higson-Smith, Vice President Corporate Development Anne Hite, Investor Relations Manager Email: Toll-free: Website: www.gsr.com info@gsr.com (800) 553-8436 Auditors PricewaterhouseCoopers Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Annual Report On Form 10-K The Company’s 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K is contained herein. Exhibits to the Form 10-K will be available upon payment of the reproduction costs. Requests should be addressed to Corporate Headquarters. Annual Meeting Wednesday, May 11, 2011 at 2:00 p.m. ET at the St. Lawrence/Rideau Boardroom, 333 Bay Street, Suite 2400, Bay Adelaide Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 2T6, Canada. (800) 553-8436 www.gsr.com NYSE Amex: GSS Toronto Stock Exchange: GSC Ghana Stock Exchange: GSR 

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