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Great Western Mining Corporation PLC

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FY2022 Annual Report · Great Western Mining Corporation PLC
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Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 31 December 2022 
Registered number: 392620 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Annual Report and Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Contents 

Page 

Executive Chairman’s Statement…..….………….………………………………………………………….... 

…………………………..………..1 

Operations Report…….………………………….…………………….…….…………………………….…………. 

………………………….…………3 

Directors’ Biographies………………………………………………………………………………………………… 

……………..……………………..8 

Directors’ Report………………..………….………………………………………………………………………….. 

…………………………………….9 

Corporate Governance……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 

…………………………………..16 

Environmental, Social and Governance………………………………………………………………………. 

…………………………………..22 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities in respect of the Annual Report 
and the Financial Statements…………………….……………………..……………………………………..… 

…………………………………..23 

Independent Auditor’s Report….……………………………………..……………………………………….… 

……………………………….….24 

Consolidated Income Statement…………………………………………..………………………………….… 

………………………….…….…30 

Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income……..….…………………..……….…. 

…………………………………..30 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position………………..………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….31 

Company Statement of Financial Position………………………………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….32 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity………………..………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….33 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity……………………..………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….34 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows………………………….………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….35 

Company Statement of Cash Flows………………………………..………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….36 

Notes to the Financial Statements…………………………………………….…………………………….…. 

……………………………….….37 

Directors and Other Information………………………………………………………………………………… 

…………..………………………70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Executive Chairman’s Statement  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Dear Shareholder, 

Set out herewith are Great Western Corporation PLC’s Annual Report and Financial Statements for the year 
ended 31 December 2022. 

Great Western explores for, appraises and develops mineral resources on its claims in the state of Nevada, USA 
and currently has no revenues from its operations.  Accordingly, it is reporting a loss for the financial year of 
€792,293 for 2022 (2021: €535,960).  At the end of the year Great Western’s net current assets were €8,618,024 
(2021: €8,945,631) with no debt apart from trade creditors in the normal course of business. 

2022 was an active year for Great Western during which significant goals were accomplished.   

Early in the year we constructed a 14 km road to the high-altitude Mineral Jackpot Group of properties, enabling 
access for rigs, trucks and associated equipment.  Until then, access to the five historic gold and silver mines 
which make up Mineral Jackpot had been by a mule path, suitable only for quad bikes and very small tracked-
vehicles.  This road now provides access to numerous spoil heaps which we propose to exploit for secondary 
recovery of precious metals and it also allowed us to bring in a rig and drill four holes last summer, the first ever 
drilled in these historic mines.  Significantly, hole MJRC004 intercepted high grades of silver at a shallow depth 
and further drilling is planned to delineate a shallow vein which, if successful, could provide ore suitable for 
processing in a relatively short time. 

During the year, our plans for constructing a mill to produce gold and silver concentrates took a  major step 
forward  when  we  signed  a  50-50  joint  venture  agreement  with  Muletown  Enterprizes  LLC  (“Muletown”)  to 
construct a mill on land owned by Muletown in the settlement of Mina, close to a main highway and mid-way 
between our two main claim areas.  There has been a mill on this site in the past and it has a natural slope which 
is ideal for gravity separation.  A second phase will involve a contained chemical leaching process for further 
recovery of gold and silver.  Muletown will provide the land at a peppercorn rent and virtually all the milling 
equipment  will  come  from  its  own  inventory.    Great  Western  will  fund  site  construction,  upgrade  and 
modification of equipment and installation and commissioning of the plant.  The mill will operate as a profit 
centre  in  its  own  right  and  each  partner  will  batch-process  its  own  material  with  no  commingling,  paying  a 
throughput charge to the joint venture.  Great Western has spoil material for processing available at Mineral 
Jackpot and Olympic Gold, as well as significant tailings and a large unprocessed stockpile at Olympic Gold.  It is 
likely that the joint venture will subsequently buy in material from third parties as there is no other mill of this 
type  serving  the  area.    Part  of  the  new  capital  raised  by  the  Company  since  the  year  end  is  being  used  for 
construction of the mill, delayed by severe weather conditions and an extended winter but now under way.  

Before the year-end, our work on processing gold and silver from tailings and spoil heaps was further supported 
by  a  JORC-compliant  inferred  resource  report,  commissioned  for  the  OMCO  Mine  tailings,  together  with 
Exploration Targets for other material at both Olympic Gold and at Mineral Jackpot, further details of which are 
set out in the Operations Report on page 6. 

During spring and summer 2022, we conducted a reverse circulation (“RC”) drill programme on several of our 
prospects.  In addition to success at Mineral Jackpot, we carried out follow-up drilling at Rock House (Southern 
Alteration Zone), Trafalgar Hill and the OMCO Mine (the latter two both at Olympic Gold).  At Trafalgar Hill and 
Rock House, we were attempting to establish vein continuity from the gold intercepts encountered in 2021 but 
we have yet to achieve this and more work is needed.  Our drilling close to the OMCO Mine was much more 
successful and we believe that we have encountered an extension to the OMCO Mine vein itself which is an 
exciting development.  The OMCO Mine produced gold at high grades for several decades until the 1940s and 
operations terminated where the vein met a fault.  Although the fault is clearly present, it is a complex piece of 
fragmented geology and finding a continuation of the vein, on either side of the fault, presents a challenge which 
we  are  working  hard  to  overcome.    In  this  regard  the  successful  hole  drilled  last  year  may  be  considered  a 
breakthrough.   While the OMCO Mine produced gold at high grades, the mined vein itself is only about 200 
metres long.  Within the envelope we have been drilling, there is easily scope for one or two more productive 
veins of that size and our task is to find them if they exist. 

 1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Executive Chairman’s Statement (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Due to Nevada winter conditions, there is a close period when operations are not feasible.  At Great Western, 
we use this winter period for desktop work and over the past winter we greatly increased our knowledge, not 
only for gold and silver but also for the prospectivity of our copper assets which have been parked over the last 
three years but not forgotten. 

Since the year-end, we have (1) raised new capital of £800,000 (€913,242) before expenses, our first funding for 
nearly two years (2) drilled a diamond core follow-up hole at the OMCO Mine prospect (3) filed a final permit 
application for the construction of the processing mill with the Nevada Department of Environmental Protection 
(NDEP)  after prior consultation with NDEP on the critical issues and (4) began construction at the mill site. 

For our reported 2022 financial statements, we are pleased to welcome PKF O’Connor, Leddy & Holmes Limited 
as auditors to the company, who replace KPMG.  PKF’s appointment will be put to shareholders for approval at 
the forthcoming AGM.  We have enjoyed excellent working relations with KPMG over several years and I would 
like to take this opportunity to thank them for their services. 

Looking ahead, Great Western has three arms to its business:   

Firstly, the process mill which is due to be online in 2023 and producing the Company’s first ever revenues from 
the sale of gold and silver concentrates.  This will be an ongoing business which should also attract material for 
processing from third party sources in due course.  Until we have commissioned the plant and gained some 
operating experience, we do not propose to publish any revenue forecasts, but the objective of the mill is to 
provide revenues which, at a first stage, will fund the day-to-day operations of the company, while aiming for a 
greatly  expanded  business  model.  Each  joint  venture  partner  will  have  its  own  material  batch-processed 
separately through the mill, so participation in the joint venture will not result in any dilution in ownership of 
material from the Company’s own claims. 

Secondly,  we  are  aiming  to  develop  a  commercial  gold  and  silver  play  from  one  or  more  of  the  numerous 
prospects which we have identified and drilled up in the last few work seasons.   The leading candidates are (1) 
extensions to the vein at the OMCO Mine and (2) the shallow silver intercept encountered at Mineral Jackpot.  
We are also exploring other gold and silver prospects, with ongoing work at Trafalgar Hill and Rock House, so 
priorities may change. 

Finally, recent modelling work by the Company indicates that we may have a significant copper prospect on our 
claims beyond our JORC-compliant indicated and inferred resource.  Through extensive drilling, we have already 
established a resource of 4.28 million tonnes at a grade of 0.45% copper on our M2 claims in the Black Mountains 
group.    This  discovery  trends  in  a  NE-SW  axis,  open  at  both  ends,  but  there  is  also  scope  for  an  additional, 
undrilled  resource  within  the  area  of  resources  already  identified.  Copper  is  likely  to  become  a  significant 
industrial material in the years ahead and our copper prospects merit further drilling.  Establishing a resource 
two to three or four times larger than already identified would, on a rule of thumb basis, be large enough for a 
commercial development but doing justice to this prospect will require funding beyond Great Western’s current 
capabilities.   Therefore, funding options comprising the introduction of a joint venture partner, be it a direct 
investor at the project level or an industry partner, are being actively evaluated. 

Shareholders should note that Canada’s highly reputed Fraser Institute has recently published the results of a 
worldwide industry survey which concludes that the state of Nevada is the most attractive jurisdiction in the 
world for mining investment.  

In closing, on behalf of the Great Western team, I would like to thank you, our shareholders, for your support 
and particularly those shareholders who have been taking an active interest in our projects.  We will keep you 
informed on progress and hope to welcome you to the AGM in Dublin at 10 a.m. on 13 June 2023. 

Yours sincerely, 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 

Date: 17 May 2023

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Operations Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Principal activities, strategy and business model 
The principal activity of Great Western is to explore for and develop gold, silver, copper and other minerals. The 
Board aims to increase shareholder value by the systematic evaluation and exploitation of its existing assets in 
Mineral County, Nevada, USA and elsewhere as may become applicable. 

Great Western’s near-term objective is to develop small-scale, short lead-time gold and silver projects which can 
potentially  be  brought  into  production  under  the  control  of  the  Group.  These  projects  include  both  in  situ 
mineralisation and waste reprocessing opportunities. Great Western has entered into a joint venture with a local 
partner to enable near-term production. 

The  Group  is  also  focused  on  progressing  the  copper  projects  which  it  has  already  identified  and  enhanced 
through extensive drilling. Such projects have potential for the discovery of large mineralised systems which can 
be monetised over the longer term, possibly through joint ventures with third parties. 

Business development and performance 
During the twelve months ended 31 December 2022, Great Western carried out exploration across its entire 
portfolio of seven claim groups (six of which are 100% owned, one of which is held under an option agreement) 
in Nevada. 

As part of the annual claim renewal procedure, the Group renewed all its claims with effect from 1 September 
2022. Following renewal, the land position held by Great Western in Mineral County consists of 741 full and 
fractional unpatented claims, covering a total land area of approximately 61km². 

Review by Claim Group 

Olympic 
In 2020, the Company acquired an option to purchase the Olympic Gold Project, a group of 48 claims, located 
approximately 50 miles from Great Western’s original concessions but still within Mineral County. The purchase 
consideration of $150,000 is spread over four years during which time Great Western has full rights to all data 
and to conduct exploration and appraisal work.  Great Western may elect to bring forward the closing of the 
purchase by early-paying the schedule in full or it may exit the project at any time without penalty and without 
completing the payment schedule. Work is in progress on several potential prospects over this 800-acre site. 

The  Olympic  Gold  Project  lies  on  the  northern  flanks  of  the  Cedar  Mountain  Range,  on  the  eastern  edge  of 
Mineral County. It lies within the Walker Lane Fault Belt, at the intersection of two major mineral trends – the 
Rawhide-Paradise Peak trend and the Aurora-Round Mountain Trend. The mineral deposit style at Olympic is 
low-sulphidation epithermal banded quartz-gold vein. Historic production from the former Olympic Gold Mine 
totalled approximately 35,000 tonnes, at a grade of 25 grams/ton gold and 30 grams/ton silver, in the interwar 
period of 1918 to 1939. Based on its review of the historical data, Great Western believes that faulted offsets of 
the high-grade Olympic Vein remain to be discovered in the area and this forms one of the numerous target 
zones on the prospect. 

During 2022 several targets at Olympic were addressed with reverse circulation (“RC”) drilling near to the OMCO 
mine site and at the Trafalgar Hill prospect. In addition to the drilling, a drone orthophotography survey was 
flown to produce a precise digital topographic model, and bulk surface and auger samples were taken from 
various mine waste stores at the OMCO mine site.  

Drilling around the OMCO mine site was focused on possible unmined continuations of the vein on the west side 
of  the  fault.    This  proved  successful,  as  hole  OMRC015  intercepted  compatible  vein  material,  proving  up  a 
continuation of the OMCO vein.  OMCR0015 intercepted 6.10 metres grading at 2.682 grams/ton Au average 
starting at 38.10 metres in the hole, including 8.110 grams/ton Au  over 1.52 metres from 39.62  metres and 
1.747 grams/ton Au over 1.52 metres from 41.15 metres. Pursuing this vein will be a primary objective of the 
next drill campaign. 

 3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Operations Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Three holes were drilled at Trafalgar Hill on the Olympic claims. These holes, with an aggregate length of 436 
metres, were targeted at the shallower zone identified as prospective via positive results in 2021, in the southern 
part of the Trafalgar Hill zone. The Company has developed a geological model based on the 2021 drilling and 
was  able  to  predict  the  lithology  and  alteration features  intersected  in  the  three  holes  with  great  accuracy. 
Though intercepts identical in character to high-grade zones from 2021 occurred at the anticipated positions, 
only low-grade gold was intercepted this year. The best result at Trafalgar Hill was 21.33 m at 0.107 grams/ton 
Au starting at 83.82 m in hole OMRC013 (including 10.67 m at 0.127 grams/ton Au starting at 94.49 m). This is 
the longest zone of consistently anomalous gold yet intersected at Trafalgar Hill, and occurs in the southwestern-
most hole drilled, indicating the system continues and is open in this direction. 

Black Mountain 
The Black Mountain Group (“BM”) lies on a southwest trending spur ridge of the Excelsior Range of mountains 
and comprises 249 full and fractional claims covering approximately 20.7km². The BM group contains both Great 
Western’s copper  resource at M2  (covered under Copper Projects below) and the Mineral Jackpot prospect, 
where outcropping veins, vein workings and spoil heaps contain high-grade gold and silver.  

Although the five historic mines making up Mineral Jackpot produced gold and silver for some years before and 
after the turn  of the 19th-20th century, access had only been by mule track and  until this year none of the 
prospects had ever been drilled.  Great Western has carried out soil surveys over the last three years, collected 
rock chip samples and conducted magnetometry surveys, on foot where possible and by specialist drones in the 
less accessible areas.  A new 14 km road was constructed during the reporting period, with the dual objectives 
of providing access for a drill rig and a route for offloading numerous spoil heaps of mining waste for secondary 
recovery of gold and silver.  

Four holes were drilled at Mineral Jackpot in 2022.  One hole, MJRC004, intercepted a 7.62 metre zone from 
4.57 metres in the hole, grading at 180.94 grams/ton Ag and 0.315 grams/ton Au, contained within which was a 
high-grade silver zone hosted in quartz vein of 3.04 metres apparent thickness at 418.00 grams/ton Ag and 0.554 
grams/ton Au, starting at 6.10 meters drilled depth. There is scope for extensive further drilling at various targets 
on the Mineral Jackpot claims, but the immediate focus is likely to be on shallow drilling with a small rig in the 
vicinity of the recent discovery. 

Rock House 
The M7 gold-silver prospect lies within the Rock House (RH) group of claims. This area is accessible and lends 
itself to mining operations but was never mined in the past, its potential having only recently been identified 
through the interpretation of satellite imagery. It is a circular structure associated with a magnetic low, adjacent 
to the prolific Golconda thrust fault. The area is characterised by intense argillic and sericite alteration, along 
with silicification and oxidation, within basement siltstones and slates. Unlike many of Great Western’s other 
prospects,  the  RH  targets  were  virgin  territory  until  drilled  by  the  Company  in  2021.  While  past  workings 
represent  an  important  guide  for  exploration,  a  lack  of  any  previous  workings  does  not  rule  out  any 
mineralisation. Indeed, any discovery made in such ground will have the benefit of being entirely intact as its 
highest-grade and nearest-surface portions will not have been removed by previous mining operations.  

The Southern Alteration Zone was first drilled by Great Western in 2021, having been identified along with other 
prospects at Rock House through satellite imagery and then extensive soil and rock chip sampling.  In 2021, two 
holes  intersected  vein  material  grading  approximately  8  grams/ton  Au  and  2  grams/ton  Au  respectively.  
Ambitious step out drilling this year aimed to find a coalescing of several thin veins, but this was not achieved.  
However, assay results provided evidence of copper (see Copper Projects section below for more details) which 
had not been anticipated and drilling has constructively added to knowledge of the prospects which will be used 
in designing future drilling activity. 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Operations Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Huntoon 
A total of 107 full and 12 fractional claims surround the workings of the historic underground Huntoon gold mine 
and are prospective for gold, silver and copper mineralisation.  The claims are located on the northwest side of 
the Huntoon Valley, covering approximately 10km2.   

In 2022 drone magnetometry and orthophotography were conducted over Huntoon. For additional details on 
Huntoon, please see the Copper Projects section below.   

Jack Springs 
The  M5  gold  prospect  lies  within  the  JS  Group  in  altered  siliceous  host  rock,  exposed  beneath  Tertiary 
volcaniclastics for 1km. Gold, arsenic and antimony were all anomalous in samples taken along a northeasterly 
crest  of  the  central  ridge  at  M5  and  the  coincidence  of  anomalous  pathfinder  geochemistry  and  altered 
sediments strongly suggests the presence of sediment hosted disseminated gold mineralisation.  

The  M4  Copper-Gold  project  also  lies  within  the  JS  Group.  The  M4  copper  target  was  identified  through 
geophysical surveys, soil sampling and mapping of mineralised structures on surface. Great Western believes 
that the breccia vein intercepted in hole M4_05, along with other veins mapped at surface, could be offshoot 
structures in the roof of a buried sulphide orebody. In 2019 the Group received a drill permit to follow up on the 
exciting  discovery  in  hole  M4_05.  The  abundance  of  highly  prospective  targets  in  the  Company’s  portfolio, 
combined with rig availability issues, led to the JS projects being deferred during recent years. 

In 2022 drone magnetometry and orthophotography were conducted over Huntoon. Field visits and sampling 
were undertaken around the M4 prospect (see Copper Projects section below for more details). 

Eastside Mine 
The M8 copper prospect lies within the Eastside Mine (EM) claim group, named for the historic Eastside Mine 
where high-grade copper-oxide ore was mined from shallow underground workings during the First World War. 
Conoco  investigated  Eastside  as  a  copper  porphyry  prospect  in  the  early  1970s,  identifying  mineralisation 
consisting of substantial copper and molybdenum values, within a northeast trending graben structure. Drilling 
by Conoco at the southern end of this structure identified thick successions of alteration together with copper 
enrichment.  Conoco did not follow up on these results. The Company regards the northerly continuation of this 
structure to be a strong target for buried copper mineralisation, which remains untested. 

During  2021  an  induced  polarization  (IP)  survey  was  performed  at  EM  Group  and  the  results  were  highly 
encouraging. The key findings of this work were fault zones accompanied by high resistivity and chargeability 
features, correlating with observed surface stockwork veining, silicification, copper mineralisation and copper 
soil halos. 

A field reconnaissance visit was made to Eastside early in the year but due to the Company’s precious metal 
focus, and the range of other highly prospective projects, no further action was taken there in 2022. The next 
task at Eastside will be to drill at targets identified during the 2021 IP survey. 

Tun 
The M6 gold-silver prospect lies within the Tun Group. The M6 prospect is a parallel system of multiple, oxide 
and sulphide, gold-silver veins and veinlet stockworks. Supergene, high-grade ores have been mined in the past 
at M6 and the potential remains for deposits of shallow, oxidised stockworks in the immediate vicinity of the 
historic workings. 

In 2022 drone magnetometry and orthophotography were conducted over Tun and a field reconnaissance visit 
was made early in the year.  

 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Operations Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Planned Processing Operations 
Over the last two years, Great Western has been researching the optimum means of processing mining waste 
for recovery of gold and silver.  Originally this was planned to be a simple gravity separation process for spoil 
material from Mineral Jackpot, where there are 51 known spoil heaps.  The concept was expanded once work 
began in earnest on the newly acquired Olympic Gold Project option in 2021, where extensive tailings, spoil 
heaps  and  a  stockpile  of  material  had  been  mined  but  never  processed.    During  the  period  the  Company 
concluded a way forward and has now signed a 50-50 joint venture agreement with Muletown Enterprizes LLC, 
a Nevada based contractor, to construct a processing mill on private land owned by Muletown.  The joint venture 
company will be known as Western Milling LLC. 

Early in the year a second phase of auger drilling was conducted on the OMCO tailings pad, to test the depth 
and continuity of grade there. This work also provided a bulk sample for metallurgical test work, including cutting 
edge QEMSCAN grain and mineral mapping, which was conducted at a laboratory in Reno. This work confirmed 
the viability of the tailings for reprocessing.  

Great Western has engaged the services of an extensively experienced consulting metallurgist, who in 2021 
wrote a report on the Mineral Jackpot test work. This consultant oversaw the metallurgical test work on the 
Olympic Tailings samples conducted in 2022 and visited Nevada to engage with our venture partners and visit 
the proposed plant site. 

In the last quarter of 2022, Great Western commissioned a new resource estimate of its mine waste material. 
This resulted in an Inferred Resource and several Exploration Targets, all reported in accordance with JORC, as 
follows:  

•  An Inferred Resource of 31,000 tonnes, grading 1.6 grams/ton Au and 3.0 grams/ton Ag in tailings at 

Olympic Mine.  

•  An Exploration Target of 3,400 – 6,400 tonnes grading between 0.5 and 1.2 grams/ton Au and 1.2 and 

2.1 grams/ton Ag in the substrate beneath the tailings volume at the Olympic Mine. 

•  An Exploration Target of 9,000 – 12,000 tonnes grading between 0.9 and 2.4 grams/ton Au and 2.0 and 

5.1 grams/ton Ag in a coarse stockpile at Olympic Mine. 

•  An Exploration Target of 4,200 – 7,700 tonnes grading between 40 and 140 grams/ton Ag and 0.3 and 

0.3 grams/ton Au in spoil heaps at Mineral Jackpot.  

Overview of Copper Projects 
In addition to its gold and silver operations, Great Western has already drilled and established a partly inferred, 
partly  indicated  copper  resource  of  4.3  million  tonnes  at  a  grade  of  0.45%  at  its  M2  project  in  the  Black 
Mountains group.  This was a considerable achievement, with the potential to lead to the discovery of a much 
larger copper resource.  Great Western believes there is untested potential in both directions along strike, on a 
structure  of  up  to  5  km,  supported  by  historical  mine  workings  to  the  northeast,  and  an  IP  anomaly  to  the 
southwest. 

Great Western’s copper resource at the M2 project is complemented by copper potential on other claim groups: 

•  At  M4  in  Jack  Springs  claim  group,  approximately  4  km  from  the  M2  resource,  the  company  has 
previously  identified  copper  in  drill  intercepts  (21.18  m  at  0.35%  Cu  starting  at  106.22  m  in  hole 
M2_005, including 5.64 m at 0.48% Cu and 0.105 grams/ton Au starting at 106.22 m). During 2022, 
surface  showings  in  two  existing  hill-cut  trenches  were  mapped  and  continuously  chip  sampled, 
resulting in two 16 m zones at 0.2% and 0.28% Cu respectively. These surface results are separated 
from the drill intercept by around 140 m in 3D space, but whether they represent the same structure 
is not yet understood.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Operations Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

•  At Huntoon, situated 7 km west of M4, and 10 km southwest of M2, is another key copper prospect at 
which the Company, in the  past, drilled a single hole which assayed at 0.35% Cu over 27.4 metres. 
Huntoon also contains a sizable copper anomaly in soils associated with a shear zone, which has a clear 
magnetic signature identified on drone magnetometry conducted in early 2022.  Post mineralisation 
tertiary lavas obscure both the geochemical anomaly and the southwestern continuation of the linear 
anomaly associated with the shear zone. 

•  As referenced above, drilling at Rock House during the period beneath a surface gossan identified an 
underlying intercept of anomalous copper grades (12.19 m at 0.20 % Cu from 28.96 m in hole RHRC010, 
including 3.05 M @ 0.31% Cu from 36.58 m).  This is the first intercept of elevated copper at Rock House 
and was not the target for this drilling.  The copper zone remains open to the west and at depth. 
•  An  IP  survey  was  conducted  over  the  Eastside  Mine  group  of  claims  revealing  IP  anomalies  with 

promising copper potential and producing clear drill targets for future exploration.  
Finally, there is further copper potential at the Tun Claim Group. 

• 

A major copper project is too large an undertaking for a company of Great Western’s size and so a larger partner 
is being sought.  Although no firm decision has been made, Great Western may restart a limited drill programme 
to demonstrate the potential for resource expansion at M2, as well as reviewing exploration opportunities at 
the other claim groups to provide a broader base of copper potential for an incoming industry partner. 

Reclamation work 
The Company has undertaken significant reclamation work at Rock House, the OMCO Mine, the M2 Project and 
Sharktooth to ensure that regulatory commitments are met and to release permitted acreage ready for further 
drilling activity in 2023.  Submissions relating to the reclamation work have been made to regulatory authorities 
and the process is expected to be completed in 2023. 

Summary of 2022 Work Programme 

•  Drilling at Rock House, Olympic (including OMCO and Trafalgar Hill) and Mineral Jackpot, resulting in 

high grade intercepts in unmined portions of the OMCO vein and at Mineral Jackpot.  

•  Auger and bulk surface sampling at Olympic tailings, course stockpile and Mineral Jackpot spoil heaps. 
•  Metallurgical Test results on Olympic tailings from McClelland Laboratory 
• 
• 
• 
•  Drone magnetometry of Tun, Jack Springs, Huntoon claim groups, and Mineral Jackpot prospect. 
•  Drone orthophotography of Tun, Jack Springs, Huntoon and Olympic claim groups, and Mineral Jackpot 

Inferred resource in Olympic tailings, along with Exploration Targets in Olympic coarse stockpile. 
Exploration targets defined at Mineral Jackpot spoil heaps.  
Field visit by highly experienced metallurgist. 

prospect.  

•  Hill-cut chip sampling at M4. 

Looking Forward 
Great Western’s plans for 2023 are to follow up on the high-grade intercepts at Mineral Jackpot and the OMCO 
vein  and  to  focus  on  planning,  constructing  and  operating  the  proposed  process  mill  with  the  objective  of 
transitioning from pure exploration focus to a combination of exploration and commercial production.  

In addition to these main objectives, a diverse slate of field exploration activities is planned as a low-cost high-
impact method of improving prospects and targets in the company’s pipeline.  

Dr James Blight 
Exploration Manager 

Date: 17 May 2023 

.

 7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Biographies 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Brian Hall – Executive Chairman 

•  Chartered Accountant who became a member of the small team which landed the first commercial oil 

from the UK North Sea 

•  Over 40 years managing natural resources companies 
• 

Founded oil company Aminex PLC in 1991, took it to the LSE Premium List and managed its activities in 
8 countries, discovering and exploiting oil or gas on three continents 

•  Aminex is one of very few independent oil companies to have paid a Russia exit dividend 
• 

Joined the Great Western board in 2012, Chairman in 2013 and Executive Chairman in 2019 

Robert O’Connell – Operations Director 

•  Graduate of Texas Christian University 
• 
• 
• 

Trained oil and gas driller 
20 years’ operating experience in oil and mining 
Founder employee of Great Western, staked the original claims and oversaw 5,000 metres of drilling, 
resulting in an Inferred copper resource of 19,000 tonnes copper 
Fully familiar with all regulatory requirements in Nevada and has built trust and good working relations 
with both the host state and federal authorities 
Joined the Board of Great Western in 2006 

• 

• 

Max Williams – Finance Director and Company Secretary 

•  Chartered Accountant 
•  Nearly 30 years’ experience managing the finances of publicly-traded natural resources companies 
•  Until 2019 Financial Controller/Secretary and subsequently Finance Director of Aminex PLC, controlling 

the finances of a group operating in multiple jurisdictions 
Joined the Great Western Board in 2019 

• 

Andrew Hay – Senior Non-Executive Director 
•  Graduate of Oxford University 
•  Over 30 year banking career in London and New York 
• 
• 

Senior Adviser at Smith Square Partners, leading London corporate finance firm 
Formerly  Chairman  of  LGB  Corporate  Finance  and  before  that  built  and  led  the  corporate  finance 
business of Edmond de Rothschild in London 
Experience in debt and equity capital markets and international M&A 
Joined the Great Western Board in 2020 and is Chairman of Audit and Risk Committees 

• 
• 

20-year career as a mining specialist 

Alastair Ford – Non-Executive Director 
•  Graduate of Oxford University 
• 
•  Mining journalist on the Investors’ Chronicle 
• 
• 
•  Currently a Mining Affairs Consultant for ProactiveInvestors.com 
•  Non-Executive Director, Xtract Resources PLC 
• 

Editor of The Minesite.com 
Formerly, Chief Investment Officer at Mineral & Financial Investments PLC for six years 

Joined the Great Western Board in 2020 and is Chairman of Remuneration Committee 

Gemma Cryan – Non-Executive Director 

20-year experienced mineral exploration geologist 
Experienced in corporate affairs 
First Class Honours degree in Earth Sciences from the National University of Ireland 
Previously Geology Manager, Greatland Gold PLC 
Executive Director, Starvest PLC which supports early-stage mineral exploration ventures 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
•  Non-Executive Director, First Development Resources PLC 
• 

Joined the Great Western Board in 2021 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

The Directors present their report and audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2022 of 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries (“the Group”). 

Principal activity, business review and future developments 
The  Company  is  listed  on  the  Euronext  Growth  Market  of  Euronext  Dublin  and  the  Alternative  Investment 
Market (“AIM”) of the London Stock Exchange. 

The  Group’s  principal  activity is  the  exploration  for  and  mining  of  copper,  silver,  gold  and  other  minerals in 
Nevada,  U.S.A.  During  the  year,  expenditure  of  €963,765  (2021:  €689,252)  was  incurred  on  the  Group’s 
exploration assets including costs associated with the retention of the claims held by the Group.  

The Directors have reviewed the financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2022 and expect that it will 
be in a position to continue its planned activities for the foreseeable future. 

Results and dividends 
The consolidated income statement for the year ended 31 December 2022 and the consolidated statement of 
financial position as at that date are set out on page 30 and 31 respectively. The loss for the year amounted to 
€792,263 (2021: €535,960). All exploration and development costs to date have been capitalised. 

No dividends were paid during the year (2021: €Nil). 

Directors and Secretary and their interests 
In accordance with the articles of association, Alastair Ford and Max Williams retire from the Board by rotation 
and being eligible, offer themselves for re-election.  

The  Directors  who  held  office  at  31  December  2022  had  no  beneficial  interests  in  any  of  the  shares  of  the 
Company and Group companies other than Ordinary Shares in Great Western Mining Corporation PLC as follows: 

Director 

Gemma Cryan 
Alastair Ford 
Brian Hall 
Andrew Hay 
Robert O’Connell 
Max Williams 

(* Or date of appointment) 

17 May 2023 
- 
- 
172,500,000 
13,700,000 
34,170,490 
62,500,000 

Number of ordinary shares 
31 Dec 2022 
- 
- 
110,000,000 
13,700,000 
21,670,490 
50,000,000 

31 Dec 2021 
- 
- 
85,000,000 
13,700,000 
21,670,490 
50,000,000 

The Group operates a directors’ share option scheme and in addition to the interests disclosed above certain 
directors have options to acquire ordinary shares of €0.0001 each in Great Western Mining Corporation PLC. 
The Directors who held office at 31 December 2022 had the following beneficial interests in options over the 
Company’s Ordinary shares:  

 9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Directors and Secretary and their interests (continued) 

Name of Director 

Name of Director 

Holding at 1 
January 2022 

Granted  
during the year 

Exercised  
during the year 

Holding at 31 
December 2022 

Weighted 
average exercise 
price 

Gemma Cryan 
Alastair Ford 
Brian Hall 
Andrew Hay 
Robert O’Connell 
Max Williams 

6,000,000 
6,000,000 
19,666,667 
6,000,000 
26,000,000 
9,000,000 

3,000,000 
3,000,000 
10,000,000 
3,000,000 
10,000,000 
10,000,000 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

9,000,000 
9,000,000 
29,666,667 
9,000,000 
36,000,000 
19,000,000 

£0.00125 
£0.00125 
£0.00440 
£0.00125 
£0.00559 
£0.00111 

For the purposes of Section 305 of the Companies Act 2014 (Ireland), the aggregate gains by Directors on the 
exercise of share options during the year ended 31 December 2022 was €nil (2021: €nil). 

Since the year-end, Brian Hall, Robert O’Connell and Max Williams were granted 10,000,000 options each and 
Gemma Cryan, Alastair Ford and Andrew Hay were granted 3,000,000 options each.  The exercise price on grant 
was Stg0.09 pence per share. 

Under the terms of a placing on 13 November 2019, the Company granted warrants to placees in the ratio of one 
warrant for one Ordinary share subscribed for in the placing.  Certain Directors participated in the placing and 
those Directors that held office at 31 December 2022 had the following beneficial interest in warrants over the 
Company’s Ordinary shares: 

Name of Director 

Brian Hall 
Max Williams 

Holding at 1  
January 2022 
31,250,000 
31,250,000 

Lapsed  
during the year 
(31,250,000) 
(31,250,000) 

Exercised  
during the year 
- 
- 

Holding at 31 
December 2022 
- 
- 

The warrants had an exercise price of Stg 0.16 pence per ordinary share and lapsed on the third anniversary of 
grant, 13 November 2022. 

Transactions involving Directors 
There have been no contracts or arrangements of significance during the year in which Directors of the Company 
had an interest other than as disclosed in note 21 to the financial statements. 

Significant shareholders 
As of the date of this report, the following shareholders held 3% or more of the issued ordinary share capital of 
the Company:

Spreadex Ltd 
Brian Hall 
Andrew Webley 

Number of shares 
181,750,000 
172,500,000 
148,411,136 

Per cent 
3.97% 
3.77% 
3.24% 

The Directors are not aware of any other legal or beneficial shareholder with a holding of 3% or more of the 
share capital of the Company. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Share price 
The share price movement in the year ranged from a low of €0.0010/£0.00105 to a high of €0.0025/£0.0016 
(2021: €0.0010/£0.0010 to a high of €0.0050/£0.0029). The share price at the year-end was €0.0010/£0.00125 
(2021: €0.0015/£0.0013). 

Principal risks and uncertainties 
The  Board  regularly  reviews  the  risks  to  which  the  Group  is  exposed  and  ensures  through  its  meetings  and 
regular reporting that these risks are minimised as far as possible.  

Main trends and factors likely to impact future business performance 
The Group considers the general commodity cycle to be the key trend and factor that is likely to impact future 
business performance. The prices of gold, silver and copper weakened during 2022 but have strengthened during 
the early months of 2023.  The Board maintains a longer-term positive outlook for copper and precious metal 
fundamentals because: 

• 

• 

• 

Global mine supply remains constrained – declining grade and continued project deferrals forecast going 
forward. 
Further demand growth upside forecast through electric vehicles, renewable energy and infrastructure 
investment. 
Future base demand will not be met without significant investment and these investments take time to 
come to market. 

The Group considers the risk of climate change and the importance of maintaining a low carbon footprint.  At 
the Group’s current stage of development, the Board considers the carbon emissions are low but with plans to 
develop processing operations the Group will continue to monitor factors which impact the environment as well 
as investor and public sentiment. 

The principal risks and uncertainties facing the Group at this stage in its development and in the foreseeable 
future are detailed below together with risk mitigation strategies employed by the Board: 

Geological risk 
Mineral exploration - Mineral exploration is a high-risk activity and there can be no guarantee that the Group 
will identify a mineral resource that can be extracted economically.  

• 
• 
• 

The Board regularly reviews the exploration and development programmes. 
Activities are focused in Nevada, a jurisdiction that represents relatively low political and operational risk.  
Exploration  work  is  conducted  on  a  systematic  basis,  using  modern  geochemical  and  geophysical 
techniques and various drilling methods. 

Technical risk 
Resource risk - All mineral projects have risk associated with defined grade and continuity. Mineral reserves are 
always  subject  to  uncertainties  in  the  underlying  assumptions  which  include  geological  projection  and  price 
assumptions. 

• 

• 

At the appropriate time, resources and reserves are estimated by independent specialists on behalf of 
the  Group  in  accordance  with  accepted  industry  standards  and  codes.  The  Group  currently  reports 
resources in accordance with the JORC (2012) code. 
The directors are realistic in the use of metal and mineral price forecasts and impose rigorous practices 
in the QA/QC programmes that support its independent estimates. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Main trends and factors likely to impact future business performance (continued) 
Corporate risk 
Recruitment and Retention of Staff - the Group’s ability to execute its strategy is dependent on the skills and 
abilities of its people. 

• 

• 

The Board undertakes initiatives to foster good staff engagement and ensure that remuneration packages 
are competitive in the market. 
The Group relies on local contractors to provide exploration services.  High demand may give to delays in 
the work programme and increased prices. 

Occupational health and safety - the Group’s exploration activities are conducted in an extremely remote area 
of Nevada. 

• 
• 
• 

The Operations Director has been given specific responsibility for health and safety in the field.  
Every employee of the Group is committed to promoting and maintaining a safe working environment.  
The Board regularly reviews occupational health and safety policies and compliance with those policies. 

Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine - the Directors monitor global events and the potential impact on the Group’s 
operations.  Covid-19 continued to provide challenges in early 2022 and the Group adapted its work practices 
as required.  The Board considers that the risks and uncertainties arising from Covid-19 have largely disappeared 
although it will continue to monitor any changes.  The Board also monitor the impact of the war in Ukraine.  As 
the Group’s  operations are in Nevada, the Directors do not believe its activities have been affected but the 
impact on equity markets may give rise to sources of funding being limited or more expensive.   

• 

• 

To enable work on the Group’s assets, Great Western contracts local service providers to perform work 
overseen by the Group’s management.  This has enabled much of the work programme to be performed 
although some elements are delayed until the Group’s own staff can be on site. 
The Board monitors the availability and suitability of sources of funding to support the operations.  

Financial risks 
Commodity price risk - The principal commodities that are the focus the Group’s exploration and development 
efforts are subject to highly cyclical patterns in global demand and supply and consequently the price of those 
commodities is highly volatile. 

• 

The  Board  consistently  reviews  commodity  prices  and  trends  for  its  key  projects  throughout  the 
development cycle. 

Foreign exchange - Although the reporting currency is the Euro, which is the functional currency of the Company, 
the Group incurs expenditure in foreign currencies in the countries in which it operates. The Company holds 
funds in each currency to reduce risk.  The Company may also undertake fundraising activities in local currencies, 
thus creating foreign currency exposure. 

Corporate Governance Statement 
The Directors of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC recognise the importance of good corporate governance 
and have adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (“QCA Code”). The Board agrees 
to and endeavours to conform to the ten principles outlined in the QCA Code. Statements by the Directors in 
relation to the Company’s application of corporate governance principles, compliance with the principles of the 
QCA Code and the Group’s system of internal controls are set out on pages 16 to 22. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Remuneration committee 
The key policy objectives of the Remuneration Committee in respect of the Company’s executive Directors are: 

• 

• 

To  ensure  that  individuals  are  fairly  rewarded  for  their  personal  contributions  to  the  Group’s  overall 
performance; and 
To act as the committee ensuring that due regard is given to the interest of the Company’s shareholders 
and to the financial and commercial health of the Group. 

Directors’  remuneration  during  the  year  ended  31  December  2022,  excluding  share-based  payments  was  as 
follows: 

Executive Directors’ remuneration 
Brian Hall 
Robert O’Connell 
Max Williams 
Total executive Directors’ remuneration 

Non-executive Director fees 
Gemma Cryan (appointed 27 May 2021) 
Alastair Ford 
Andrew Hay 
Total non-executive Director’s fees 

Total Directors’ remuneration 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

87,950                        91,860 
             78,232 
78,000 
97,675 
87,950 
267,767 
253,900 

29,303 
14,066 
14,066 
57,435 

17,519 
14,364 
14,260 
46,143 

311,335 

313,910 

In  addition  to  Non-Executive  Directors’  fees,  Alastair  Ford  and  Andrew  Hay  are  each  contracted  with  GWM 
Operations Limited to provide consulting services for marketing and corporate finance respectively for which 
each received €15,245 in the period (2021: €14,535). 

Shareholders 
There is regular dialogue with shareholders and presentations are posted to the Company’s website from time 
to time. 

The Board encourages communication with shareholders throughout the year and welcomes their participation 
at general meetings. Where possible, all Board members attend the annual general meeting and are available 
to  answer  questions.  Separate  resolutions  are  proposed  on  substantially  different  issues  and  the  agenda  of 
business to be conducted at the annual general meeting includes a resolution to receive and consider the annual 
report and financial statements. The Chairman of each of the Board’s committees is available at the annual 
general meeting.  

The  Board  regards  the  annual  general  meeting  as  an  important  opportunity  for  shareholders,  Directors  and 
management to meet and exchange views. Notice of the annual general meeting together with the annual report 
and financial statements is sent to shareholders in accordance with the articles of association of the Company 
and details of the proxy votes for and against each resolution are announced after the result of the votes. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Internal control 
The  Directors  have  overall  responsibility  for  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  controls  and  the  setting  of 
appropriate policies on these controls. The Board regularly assures itself that the system is functioning and is 
effective in managing business risk. This system includes financial controls which enable the Board to meet its 
responsibilities for the integrity and accuracy of the Group’s accounting records. 

The key features of the system of internal controls are the following: 

• 

• 
• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Budgets are prepared for approval by executive management and inclusion in a Group budget approved 
by the Board; 
Expenditure and income are regularly compared to previously approved budgets; 
The Board establishes exploration and commodity risk policies as appropriate, for implementation by 
executive management; 
All commitments for expenditure and payments are compared to previously approved budgets and are 
subject to approval by personnel designated by the Board or by the Board of subsidiary companies; 
Regular management meetings take place to review financial and operational activities; 
Cash flow forecasting is performed on an ongoing basis to ensure efficient use of cash resources; 
Regular financial results are submitted to and reviewed by the Board; and 
The Directors, through the audit committee, consider the effectiveness of the Group’s system of internal 
financial control on an ongoing basis. 

Going concern 
The financial statements of the Group and Parent Company are prepared on a going concern basis.  

In order to assess the appropriateness of the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2022, the Directors have considered a time period of at least twelve months from the 
date of approval of these financial statements.   

The Group incurred an operating loss during the year ended 31 December 2022. As the Group is not generating 
revenues, an operating loss is expected for the next twelve months.  At the balance sheet date, the Group had 
cash and cash equivalents amounting to €0.14 million and the Company raised an additional amount of €0.86 
million  (net  of  transactions  expenses)  through  a  placing  in  January  2023.    The  future  of  the  Company  is 
dependent on the successful outcome of its exploration activities and implementation of revenue-generating 
operations. The Directors  believe that the Group’s ability to make additional capital expenditure  on its lode 
claims in Nevada will be assisted by the generation of first revenues from the reprocessing of historical spoil 
heaps and tailings and can be further assisted, if necessary, by raising additional capital, the deferral of planned 
expenditure  and  other  cost  saving  actions,  loan  facilities  for  revenue-generating  operations  or  from  future 
revenues. The Directors have taken into consideration the Company’s successful completion of placings and the 
exercise  of  warrants  and  options  since  2019,  including  the  placing  completed  in  January  2023,  to  provide 
additional cash resources.   

The Directors concluded that the Group will have sufficient resources to continue as a going concern for the 
future, that is for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of approval of the condensed consolidated 
financial statements.  

However, there exists a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt over the ability of the Group to 
continue as a going concern.  The Group may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the 
normal  course  of  business  if  it  is  unable  to  raise  funds  for  further  exploration  on  and  development  of  its 
exploration assets. The condensed consolidated statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and 
do not include any adjustments that would be necessary if this basis were inappropriate.” 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors’ Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Political and charitable donations 
The Company did not make any political or charitable donations during the year (2021: €Nil). 

Post balance sheet events 
On 30 January 2023, the Company granted a total of 52,000,000 share options with an exercise price of £0.0009 
per  share  and  an  option  life  of  seven  years.    The  options  vested  immediately  and  exercise  is  subject  to 
performance  conditions  being  a  minimum  50%  uplift  in  the  share  price.    Included  in  the  option  grant  were 
39,000,000  options  granted  to  directors.    Brian  Hall,  Robert  O’Connell  and  Max  Williams  were  granted 
10,000,000  options  each  and  Gemma  Cryan,  Alastair  Ford  and  Andrew  Hay  were  granted  3,000,000  options 
each.   

Accounting records 
The Directors believe that they have complied with the requirements of Sections 281 to 285 of the Companies 
Act  2014  with  regard  to  the  maintenance  of  adequate  accounting  records  by  employing  personnel  with 
appropriate expertise and by providing adequate resources to the financial function. The accounting records of 
the Company are maintained at 41 Ewell Downs Road, Epsom, Surrey, United Kingdom. 

Directors’ Compliance Statement  
The  Directors,  in  accordance  with  Section  225(2)  of  the  Companies  Act  2014,  acknowledge  that  they  are 
responsible for securing the Company’s compliance with certain obligations specified in that section arising from 
the Companies Act 2014, and tax laws (‘relevant obligations’). The Directors confirm that:  

• 

• 

• 

A compliance policy statement has been drawn up setting out the Company’s policies that in their opinion 
are appropriate with regard to such compliance;  
Appropriate arrangements and structures have been put in place that, in their opinion, are designed to 
provide reasonable assurance of compliance in all material respects with those relevant obligations; and 
A review has been conducted, during the financial year, of those arrangements and structures.  

Relevant audit information 
The Directors believe that they have taken all steps necessary to make themselves aware of any relevant audit 
information and have established that the Group’s statutory auditors are aware of that information.  In so far as 
they are aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Group’s statutory auditors are unaware. 

Auditors 
Pursuant to Section 383(2) of the Companies Act 2014, the auditor, PKF O’Connor, Leddy & Holmes Limited, 
Chartered Accountants, were appointed and will continue in office. 

For and on behalf of the Board 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 
Date: 17 May 2023 

Max Williams 
Finance Director 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

The Directors of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC recognise the importance of good corporate governance 
and have adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (“QCA Code”). The Board agrees 
to and endeavours to conform to the ten principles outlined in the QCA Code.  

The  Board  has  reviewed  the  principles  and  concluded  that  Great  Western  has  complied  with  the  QCA  Code 
during the course of the year except in relation to the following matters: 

• 

• 

• 

A performance evaluation of the Board, its Committees and its Directors was not undertaken during the 
year following the expansion of the Board and new members of the Committees being appointed.  The 
Board  recognises  that  a  formal  evaluation  process  is  required  and  expects  to  implement  a  formal 
procedure within the current year. 
Great  Western  does  not  have  at  least  two  independent  non-executive  directors.    The  Company  has 
granted options over the ordinary shares to each of the Non-Executive Directors.  The Board considers 
that the grant of options in conjunction with the Non-Executive Directors’ fees paid enable the Company 
to attract suitable candidates to the Board as the Company seeks to grow.  As detailed in Note 21 to the 
financial statements, Mr Ford and Mr Hay receive consulting fees for other services provided.  Other than 
the grant of options and consulting fees, the Board considers the three Non-Executive Directors are free 
from  any  business  relationships  of  circumstances  that  could  materially  affect  their  independent 
judgement. 
Mr Hall continues to hold the combined role of Executive Chairman as the Company has not appointed a 
Chief  Executive  Officer.  While  the  Board  supports  the  segregation  of  duties  between  the  roles  of 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, the Board currently believes the dual role provides more benefit 
to the Company during a period of growth, including the preservation of cash for exploration expenditure, 
and has accordingly strengthened the non-executive representation on the Board. 

Details of how the Company addresses the ten governance principles defined in the QCA Code are set out below 
and are found on the Company’s website in accordance with AIM Rule 26. 

1. Establish a strategy and business model which promote long-term value for shareholders 
Great Western is a natural resource company with the following strategy:  

• 

• 
• 
• 

Exploration  for  gold  and  silver  on  existing  licensed  acreage  to  establish  a  resource  with  a  view  to 
commercial exploitation. 
Exploitation of previously mined material to achieve early gold and silver sales. 
Expanding the search for precious metals into new areas such as the Olympic Gold Project. 
Developing substantial copper potential with a larger industry partner. 

Great Western is focused on its seven claim groups which offer the potential for exploiting (1) short term gold 
and  silver  deposits,  including  the  potential  to  reprocess  spoil  heaps  and  tailings  from  historical  mining 
operations,  and  (2)  long-term,  world-class  copper  deposits,  including  one  currently  held  under  an  option 
agreement, in Mineral County, Nevada.  Six of the properties are in the west of Mineral County and are 100% 
owned and operated. The Company also has an option to acquire a seventh property, the Olympic Gold Project, 
in the east of the county. All claim groups are hosted by the regional Walker Lane Structural Belt, the largest 
structural and metallogenic belt in Nevada, yet one of the least explored in recent times.   

The strategy is designed to promote long-term value for shareholders by enabling the Company to generate 
revenues from the exploitation of previously mined material and either to attract industry partners or otherwise 
raise finance to commercialise projects or to enable the crystallisation of value in the assets through farm-out 
or outright sale.   

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

The  Board  seeks  to  reduce  shareholder  risk  through  operating  in  regions  which  are  stable  and  provide  a 
commercially attractive environment.  The Company has operated in Nevada for over 15 years.   

The Board implements the strategy using its in-house technical expertise and operational experience assisted 
by the local communities, suppliers and service providers in Nevada.  The Board updates shareholders regularly 
on operations and reports on its strategy and the mitigation of challenges in its Annual Report and Half-Yearly 
Report. 

2. Seek to understand and meet shareholders needs and expectations 
The Board recognises that it is accountable to shareholders for the implementation of the Company’s strategy, 
performance and activities and is committed to providing effective communication with shareholders. 

The Company’s Executive Chairman, Brian Hall, is responsible for shareholder communications.  Any shareholder 
questions  may  be  emailed  for  the  attention  of  the  Company  using  the  form  on  the  Company’s  website  at: 
www.greatwesternmining.com/contact.    The  Annual  General  Meeting  is  considered  a  significant  forum  for 
dialogue with its shareholders.  All Directors expect to attend the Annual General Meeting in person or by dial-
in link. The Board supports measures to disseminate published news through social media, to provide additional 
opportunities for the Company to present information on activities and to liaise with shareholders outside the 
Annual General Meeting and informs shareholders of these opportunities as they arise. 

The  Executive  Chairman  and  Finance  Director  maintain  regular  contact  with  the  Company’s  advisers.  
Information on shareholder needs and expectations is shared with the Board. 

3. Take into account wider stakeholder and social responsibilities and their implications for long-term 
success 
The  Company’s  long-term  success  relies  on  good  relations  with  a  wide  range  of  stakeholders  both  internal 
(employees) and external (suppliers, sub-contractors, regulatory authorities, federal and state governments and 
local communities). 

The  Company’s  staff  is  a  key stakeholder  group  and  the  small  size  of  Great Western  ensures  that  Executive 
Directors and employees are in frequent communication with each other which assists in decision-making and 
the implementation of tasks. 

The Board acknowledges that the Company’s activities may have an impact on the environment.  The Board 
recognises  that  exploration  in  wilderness  areas  carries  a  responsibility  and  takes  very  seriously  the  need  to 
adhere to environmental and conservation legislation.  The Board ensures that the Company meets its regulatory 
and environmental responsibilities and works in accordance with the regulations for maintaining lode claims as 
set out by the Bureau of Land Management and the US Forest Service.  To this end the Company engages an 
expert environmental and planning company to ensure that actions taken today will not affect shareholder value 
later. The regulations require the Company to conduct reclamation work for any ground disturbance and such 
reclamation work is agreed and bonded in conjunction with the permitting of planned operations. 

The Board conducts the Company’s operations with the support of the local communities including suppliers 
and  contractors  with  the  required  skill  and  experience.    The  Board  also  recognises  its  ethical  and  legal 
responsibility to work with indigenous title communities to maintain relationships.  The Company ensures that 
it engages with indigenous title communities and external expert consultants in order to identify and preserve 
cultural heritage sites.  

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

4. Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the 
organisation 
Natural resource exploration is inherently high risk and the global market for minerals is cyclical. Each investor 
should consider the risks associated with an investment in exploration companies but the opportunities may 
provide potentially significant returns.  The Board believes that the Company’s range of assets in Nevada provide 
a material spread of risk enabling exploration for different minerals, primarily gold, silver and copper. The Board 
undertakes an annual review of the claims to assess the appropriateness of continued exploration on each claim 
group.  

The Board comprises Directors who provide a range of experience in natural resources and capital markets.  The 
Company operates in accordance with its Financial Position and Prospects Procedures to assist with corporate 
and financial governance. 

The Company maintains a risk register that identifies the key corporate, geological, technical and financial risks 
to which the Company is exposed.  The risk register is reviewed and if required updated at each Board meeting.  
The  impact  of  risks  is  mitigated  by:  the  recruitment  of  appropriately  qualified  and  experienced  staff  to  key 
financial,  technical  and  management  positions;  consideration  of  industry  risks  through  the  assessment  of 
exploration targets; cash flow management and treasury procedures; and regular management, Committee and 
Board meetings to review operating and financial activities. Insurance cover is arranged as appropriate. 

In  conjunction  with  the  preparation  and  approval  of  the  Annual  Report  and  Half-Yearly  Report,  the  Audit 
Committee conducts an in-depth review of financial and industry risks. 

5. Maintain the Board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair 
The Board 
The Board is responsible for the supervision and control of the Group and is accountable to the shareholders. 
The Board has reserved decision-making rights on a variety of matters including determining and monitoring 
business strategy for the Group; evaluating exploration opportunities and risks; approving all capital expenditure 
on exploration assets; approving budgets and monitoring performance against budgets; monitoring risks and 
controls; reviewing and monitoring executive management performance and considering and appointing new 
Directors and Company Secretary.  The Board has approved control procedures that assess and manage risk and 
ensure robust financial and operational management within the Group.  Day-to-day management is devolved to 
the Executive Directors, seeking approval from the Board on all significant financial and operational matters. 

The Board currently comprises three Executive Directors and three Non-Executive Directors.  Andrew Hay has 
been appointed the Senior Non-Executive Director. 

In  order  to  attract  Non-Executive  Directors  of  sufficient  experience  and  calibre,  the  Company  has  awarded 
options  in  accordance  with  the  Share  Option  Plan  to  each  of  the  Non-Executive  Directors.    The  QCA  Code 
recommends that Non-Executive Directors do not participate in option schemes but the Board considers the 
combination  of  Directors’  fees  and  options  to  be  appropriate  for  a  Company  of  Great  Western’s  size  and 
resources.  Two Non-Executive Directors also receive consulting fees for other services as set out in Note 21 to 
the financial statements. 

The Board has agreed to meet at least six times in each calendar year and during the year ended 31 December 
2022 met on seven occasions.  The Board met on one further occasion to consider and to approve the grant of 
options.  An agenda and supporting documentation are circulated in advance of each meeting. All the Directors 
bring  independent  judgement  to  bear  on  issues  affecting  the  Group  and  all  have  full  and  timely  access  to 
information necessary to enable them to discharge their duties. The Directors have a wide and varying array of 
experiences in the extractive industries. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Directors’ attendance at Board and Committee Meetings 

Number of meetings 

Gemma Cryan 
Alastair Ford 
Brian Hall 
Andrew Hay 
Robert O’Connell 
Max Williams 

Board  
(main) 
7 
Meetings  
attended 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 

Audit  
Committee 
2 
Meeting  
attended 
- 
2 
- 
2 
- 
- 

Remuneration 
Committee 
1 
Meetings  
Attended 
- 
1 
- 
1 
- 
- 

Nominations 
Committee 
1 
Meetings  
attended 
- 
1 
1 
1 
- 
- 

During 2022, Directors who were not Committee members attended meetings of the Committees by invitation 
and these details have not been included in the summary above.  The Remuneration Committee has not met 
since Gemma Cryan was co-opted to the Committee. 

Executive Chairman 
The Board acknowledges that the current appointment of an Executive Chairman, which combines the dual roles 
of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, is not in accordance with recommend best practice as set out in the 
QCA Code. However the Board believes that the appointment of an Executive Chairman is appropriate for the 
Company at this stage of its development and assists with the preservation of capital for use on exploration 
activities.    The  Board  considers  that  the  appointment  of  three  Non-Executive  Directors  with  a  range  of 
experience and knowledge provides effective balance for the composition of the Board.  

Board committees 
The Board has implemented a committee structure to assist in the discharge of its responsibilities. All committees 
have written terms of reference setting out their authority and duties. 

Audit committee 
The Audit Committee is comprised of two Non-Executive Directors, Andrew Hay (as Chairman of the Committee) 
and Alastair Ford. The Committee may examine any matters relating to the financial affairs of the Group and the 
Group’s audit. These include reviews of the published financial statements and announcements, internal control 
procedures, accounting procedures, accounting policies, the appointment, independence, objectivity, terms of 
reference and fees of external auditors and such other related functions as the Board may require. 

The Audit Committee met twice during the year to consider matters relating to the 2021 Annual Report and the 
2022 Half-Yearly Report. The Audit Committee reviews the necessity for an internal audit function. Based on the 
scale  of  the  Group’s  operations  and  close  involvement  of  the  Board  and  senior  management  in  setting  and 
monitoring controls, the Audit Committee is satisfied that an internal audit function is not currently required.  
The Audit Committee also considered and recommended the approach for the appointment of new auditors 
and oversaw the process.  The Audit Committee reviewed the proposals received and made its recommendation 
to the Board for approval. 

Nomination committee 
The Nomination Committee, which comprised Brian Hall (Chairman of the Committee) and two Non-Executive 
Directors, Alastair Ford and Andrew Hay.  The Committee meets at least once every year to lead the formal 
process of rigorous and transparent procedures for Board and Senior Management appointments and to make 
recommendations to the Board in accordance with best practice and other applicable rules and  regulations, 
insofar as they are appropriate to the Group at this stage in its development.   

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Remuneration committee 
The  Remuneration  Committee  comprised  of  two  Non-Executive  Directors,  Alastair  Ford  (Chairman  of  the 
Committee) and Andrew Hay during the year with Gemma Cryan co-opted on to the Committee from 31 January 
2022. The Committee determines the terms and conditions of employment and annual remuneration of the 
Executive Directors. It takes into consideration external data and comparative third-party remuneration and has 
access to professional advice outside the Group. The Remuneration Committee met once during the year. 

The key policy objectives of the Remuneration Committee in respect of the Company’s Executive Directors are: 

• 

• 

To  ensure  that  individuals  are  fairly  rewarded  for  their  personal  contributions  to  the  Group’s  overall 
performance; and 
To act as the Committee ensuring that due regard is given to the interest of the Company’s shareholders 
and to the financial and commercial health of the Group. 

6. Ensure that between them the Directors have the necessary up-to-date experience, skills and capabilities 
The  Directors  provide  a  diverse  range  of  skills  and  experience  spanning  technical,  geological,  financial  and 
operational disciplines relevant to the development and management of a natural resources public company 
and sufficient to enable the successful execution of the Company’s strategy. The Board comprises five men and 
one woman.   

Directors keep their skill sets up to date by attendance at, and participation in, various events organised by their 
respective industry sectors and by participation in continuing professional development courses. The Directors 
are also advised on relevant regulatory compliance and statutory matters through briefings primarily through 
the Company’s Nominated Adviser and external  legal adviser, and all Executive and Non-Executive Directors 
have access to the Company’s external advisers. 

The Board engages external geologists, metallurgists, environmental specialists and a number of other specialist 
consultants to produce the required surveys and reports required by the Company. There is an agreed procedure 
for Directors to take independent legal advice. The Company Secretary is responsible for ensuring that the Board 
procedures are followed and all Directors have direct access to the Company Secretary. 

The composition of the Board with respect to skills, experience and gender will be kept under review.  

7. Evaluate the Board performance based on clear relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement 
The  Company  does  not  currently  have  a  formal  evaluation  procedure  for  individual  Board  members  and 
therefore does not comply with the recommendations set out in the QCA Code.  

However the performance of the Executive Directors is informally evaluated by the Remuneration Committee.  
The conclusions are considered when determining changes in the executive remuneration levels but also with 
reference  to  the  Group’s  current  cash  position.  The  Remuneration  Committee  thereby  grants  options  in 
accordance with the Company’s Share Option Plan from time to time and where considered warranted.  The 
Board considers that the corporate governance policies it has currently in place for Board performance reviews 
is commensurate with the size and development stage of the Company. The Board recognises the change in the 
composition  of  the  Board  since  November  2019  and  will  develop  more  comprehensive  and  appropriate 
performance evaluations of its Board and to provide for Board succession planning. 

8. Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviour 
The Board believes in promoting and maintaining high ethical standards to support its strategy and to maximise 
shareholder value.    The Group’s corporate structure is considered appropriate for the size of Group.

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Matters considered by the Remuneration Committee, the Audit Committee and the Nominations Committee 
are recommended to the Board for approval by the full Board.  Each Committee meets in accordance with its 
Terms of Reference and is assisted by the Company Secretary as appropriate. 

The Company has instigated a range of policies to help generate a strong and open corporate culture, not only 
between Directors and staff but also with shareholders, suppliers, services providers and the communities within 
which the Company operates.  Since the year-end, the Board has reviewed and updated the Company’s financial 
position and prospects procedures and will be circulated to staff as appropriate.  Updated policies include: 

Whistleblowing policy 
The Company  has a whistleblowing policy which would enable employees, service providers and  other third 
parties to report and to take advice on any malpractice or illegal act or omission by others. 

Anti-bribery and corruption policy 
The Company’s Anti-Bribery and Corruption policy sets out the Company’s expectation that all employees and 
service providers to conduct their day-to-day business activities in a fair, honest and ethical manner.  

Health and safety policy 
The  Company  seeks  to  ensure  a  high  level  of  health,  safety  and  security  standards,  ensuring  staff  receive 
appropriate training to work safely in the potentially adverse conditions in Nevada.  The Company is committed 
to providing a safe working environment for employees and service providers and health and safety is a key risk 
identified in the Company’s risk register. 

Share dealing policy 
The Company has adopted a share dealing policy for Directors’ and employees’ dealings in securities which is 
appropriate  for  a  company  whose  securities  are  traded  on  AIM  and  the  Euronext  Growth  Market  and  is  in 
accordance with the requirements of the Market Abuse Regulation. The Company takes all reasonable steps to 
ensure compliance with the share dealing policy by the Directors and employees. 

9. Maintain governance structures and processes that are fit for purpose and support good decision-making 
by the Board 
The Board is responsible for all aspects of the Company’s activities.  The Executive Chairman is responsible for 
the effectiveness of the Board and for primary contact with shareholders with management of the Company’s 
business overseen by the by the Executive Directors. 

The Board has agreed a series of matters reserved for its decision and has approved terms of reference for the 
Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee and the Nominations Committee. The chair of each committee 
reports to the Board on the activities of that committee. 

The Executive Chairman has overall responsibility for corporate governance and for promoting high standards 
throughout the Company.  He chairs the Board, ensuring the Committees have appropriate terms of reference 
and  are  conducted  in  accordance  therewith,  considers  the  performance  of  individual  Directors,  provides 
leadership in the development of strategy and setting objectives, and is responsible for communication between 
the Company and its shareholders.  

The  three  Executive  Directors,  including  the  Executive  Chairman,  are  responsible  for  implementing  and 
delivering the strategy and operational decisions agreed by the Board, including the operational and financial 
decisions  required  in  the  day-to-day  management  of  the  company.  The  Non-Executive  Directors  contribute 
independent thinking and judgement through the application of external experience and knowledge, review and 
challenge the performance and recommendations of Executive management and ensure that the Company is 
conducted in accordance with the governance and risk framework approved by the Board. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

10. Communicate how the company is governed and performing by maintaining a dialogue with 
shareholders and other relevant stakeholders 
The Board recognises that it is accountable to shareholders for the implementation of the Company’s strategy, 
performance  and  activities  and  is  committed  to  providing  effective  communication  with  shareholders.    The 
Company  provides  regular  operational  updates  published  through  stock  exchange  announcements  and  the 
Company’s  website.  The  Annual  General  Meeting  is  considered  a  significant  forum  for  dialogue  with  its 
shareholders.  The Board supports measures to provide additional opportunities for the Company to disseminate 
published news through social media, to present information on activities and to liaise with shareholders outside 
the  Annual  General  Meeting  and  informs  shareholders  of  these  opportunities  as  they  arise.    The  Company 
provides summaries of the work undertaken by and the conclusions of the Audit Committee and Remuneration 
Committee in the Annual Report.  

By order of the Board 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 
Date: 17 May 2023 

Environmental, Social and Governance 
Great Western is aware of the potential impact that the Group’s activities may have on the environment and 
therefore complies with the local regulatory requirements as a minimum with regard to its own operations and 
operations conducted by previous holders of its claims.  

Environment 
The Group is committed to applying best practices, using current technology to design and manage the Group’s 
operations  to  minimise  the  impact  on  the  environment.    Where  possible  the  Group  will  utilise  existing 
equipment  and  infrastructure  to  reduce  the  impact  on  the  environment  and  reclaim  land  disturbed  by 
operations. 

Social 
The  Group  is  committed  to  engaging  with  local  communities  and  creating  opportunities  to  enable  those 
communities to participate in assisting the Group’s activities.  The Board also recognises its ethical and legal 
responsibility to work with indigenous title communities to maintain relationships.  The Company ensures that 
it engages with indigenous title communities and external expert consultants in order to identify and preserve 
cultural heritage sites. 

Governance 
The Board is committed to ensuring that the Group institutes and maintains the highest standards of safety, 
environmental, financial, and business ethics and reviews and adapts the Group’s policies accordingly. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities in respect of the Annual Report and the Financial Statements  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the Group and Company financial statements 
in accordance with applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare Group and Company financial statements for each financial year.  
As required by the AIM and Euronext Growth Rules, they are required to prepare the Group financial statements 
in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU.  The directors have elected to prepare the Company financial 
statements in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU and as applied in accordance with the Companies Act 
2014. 

Under company law the directors must not approve the Group and Company financial statements unless they 
are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities and financial position of the Group and 
Company and of the Group’s profit or loss for that year. In preparing each of the Group and Company financial 
statements, the directors are required to: 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

• 
•  make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
• 

state whether applicable Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements;  
assess  the  Group  and  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable, 
matters related to going concern; and 
use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or Company 
or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

• 

• 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy 
at any time the assets, liabilities, financial position of the Group and Company and the profit and loss of the 
Group  and  which  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the  provision  of  the 
Companies Act 2014. The directors are also responsible for taking all reasonable steps to ensure such records 
are kept by its subsidiaries which enable them to ensure that the financial statements of the Group comply with 
the provisions of the Companies Act 2014. They are responsible for such internal controls as they determine are 
necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud  or error, and have a general responsibility for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the 
Group, and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 
The directors are also responsible for preparing a directors’ report that complies with the requirements of the 
Companies Act 2014. 

The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  corporate  and  financial  information 
included  on  the  Company's  website.    Legislation  in  the  Republic  of  Ireland  governing  the  preparation  and 
dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

On behalf of the Board 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 

Date: 17 May 2023

Max Williams 
Finance Director 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report to the Members of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC   
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Opinion  

We have audited the financial statements of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2022 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive 
Income, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Financial Position, the Consolidated and Parent 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Cash Flows and 
notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting 
framework that has been applied in their preparation is Irish law and International Financial Reporting Standards 
(IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied 
in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2014. 

In our opinion:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent assets, 
liabilities and financial position as at 31 December 2022 and of the group’s and parent company’s loss 
for the year then ended;  
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by 
the European Union; 
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs  as 
adopted by the European Union and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 
2014; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies 
Act 2014.  

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (Ireland) (ISAs (Ireland)) and 
applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent 
company  in  accordance  with  ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  financial  statements  in 
Ireland, including the Ethical Standard issued by the Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority (IAASA) 
as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements.  

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion.  

Materiality uncertainty related to Going Concern 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director’s use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.  

We draw attention to note 2 in the financial statements concerning the group and parent’s ability to continue 
as a going concern. The Group incurred a loss for the year of € 792,263 (2021: loss of € 535,960) after exchange 
loss on retranslation of foreign operations of € 46,807 (2021: Gain of € 121,852) at the balance sheet date. The 
Group had net asset of € 8,618,024 (2021: € 8,945,631) and the Company had net assets of € 6,953,807 (2021: 
€ 8,929,566) at the  balance sheet date.  The going concern assumption of the group and parent company is 
dependent on the group and parent company obtaining additional finance to meet the working capital needs 
for a period of not less than twelve months from the date of approval of the financial statements.

24 

 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

These events and conditions, along with the other matters as set forth in note 2 to the financial statements, 
indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the group and parent company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.  

Our  evaluation  of  the  directors’  assessment  of  the  group’s  and  parent  company’s  ability  to  adopt  the  going 
concern basis of accounting included: 

•  Obtaining an understanding of the group and parent company’s relevant controls over the 

preparation and review of cash flow projections and assumptions used in the cash flow forecasts to 
support the going concern assumption and assessed the design and implementation of these controls; 
•  Challenging the key assumptions used in the cash flow forecasts by agreement to historical run rates, 

• 
• 

expenditure commitments and other supporting documentation; 
Testing the clerical accuracy of the cash flow forecasts; 
Sensitivity analysis on the cash flow forecasts to assess the amount of headroom available to the 
group and parent company based on its year end cash position; 

•  Assessment of the group and parent company’s ability to raise additional finance; and 
•  Assessment of the adequacy of the disclosures in the financial statements with a particular focus on 

appropriate disclosure of the key uncertainties relating to going concern. 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the 
relevant sections of this report. 

Our application of materiality  

The materiality applied to the group financial statements was € 116,400. This has been calculated using Gross 
Assets  benchmarks  which  we  have  determined,  in  our  professional  judgement,  to  be  the  most  appropriate 
benchmarks  within  the  financial  statements  relevant  to  the  members  of  the  Group  in  assessing  financial 
performance. The materiality applied to the parent company financial statements was € 61,187 based upon 3% 
of  Profit/(loss)  before  tax.  Performance  materiality  was  75%  of  overall  materiality  for  the  group  and  parent 
company. 

We report to the Audit Committee all corrected and uncorrected misstatements we identified through our audit 
in excess of €5,800 for the group and parent company. We evaluate any uncorrected misstatements against 
both  the  quantitative  measures  of  materiality  discussed  above  and  in  light  of  other  relevant  qualitative 
considerations in forming our opinion. 

An overview of the scope of our audit  

In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risk of material misstatement in the financial 
statements. In particular, we looked at areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgement by the 
directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain. We also addressed the risk of management 
override of controls, including among other matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that 
represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. 

The group and its two subsidiaries are accounted for from a central location in Surrey, United Kingdom.

25 

 
 
 
 
                                    
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Key audit matters  

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit 
of  the  financial  statements  of  the  current  period  and  include  the  most  significant  assessed  risks of  material 
misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the 
overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  

Key Audit Matter 

1.  Valuation  and  recoverability  of  intangible 
assets  –  Exploration  and  Evaluation  assets 
(refer note 11) 

The  group  carries  a  material  amount  of  intangible 
assets  in  relation  to  capitalised  costs  associated 
with  group’s  exploration  activities  in  both  the 
consolidated  balance  sheet  and  parent  company 
balance sheet. As a result, the following risks arise: 

-  Costs  may  have  been  incorrectly  capitalised  and 
not conform with all the 6 step criteria detailed in 
IAS 38.  

- The carrying value of the capitalised cost may be 
overstated  and  the  realisation  of  these  intangible 
assets is dependent on the discovery and successful 
development of mineral reserves, which is subject 
to  a  number  of  risks  and  uncertainties,  including 
obtaining  title  to  licences  and  the  ability  of  the 
group  to  raise  sufficient  finance  to  develop  the 
projects. 

-  There  is  a  significant  risk  in  relation  to  the 
recoverability  of 
the  E&E  assets  given  the 
judgement in determining whether an indication of 
impairment exists as per IFRS 6. 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit 
matter 

The  work  undertaken  to  mitigate  the  risks  were  as 
follows: 

•  We  reviewed  and  challenged  management’s 
assessment  of 
impairment  of  exploration 
activities,  considered  whether  there  are  any 
indicators of impairment as per IFRS 6. We found 
the  judgements  used  by  management  in  their 
impairment assessment were reasonable. 

•  We  verified  the  capitalised  exploration  costs 
meet the eligibility criteria detailed in IAS 38 for 
that given site. 

•  We  substantively  tested  additions  in  the  year 
back  to  supporting  documentation  to  include 
licences held by the group and parent company 
to identify terms and commitments in relation to 
those licences. 

•  We  also  considered  the  adequacy  of  the 
disclosures included in the financial statements 
in accordance with IFRS. 

•  We  reviewed  management’s  assessment  on 
budget  to  analyse  the  planned  expenditure  on 
each  claim  group  and 
flow 
forecasting to determine if the entity has enough 
funds to operate the exploration and evaluation 
activities. 

future  cash 

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Key Audit Matter 

How the scope of our audit addressed the key audit 
matter 

Recoverability  of  Amount  owed  to  subsidiary 
undertaking  of  GWM  Corporation  PLC  (refer 
note 12) 

The  work  undertaken  to  mitigate  the  risks  were  as 
follows: 

-  There 
is  a  risk  that  the  carrying  value  of 
intercompany  receivables  in  the  Great  Western 
Mining  Corporation  PLC 
financial 
statement  will  be  greater  than  the  estimated 
recoverable amount. 

company 

- There is a significant risk in relation to the carrying 
value to the investments and recoverability of the 
Intercompany  receivables  given  the 
level  of 
judgement in determining whether an indication of 
impairment exists and is reasonable. 

•  We  reviewed  management’s  assessment  of 
impairment computation and estimation policy, 
there  are  any  other 
considered  whether 
indicators  of 
the 
judgements  used  by  management 
in  their 
impairment assessment were reasonable. 

impairment.  We 

found 

•  We  challenged  management  assessment  by 
performing  detailed  audit  procedures  to  gain 
understanding  of  the  process  around  the 
recoverability. 

•  Comparing the Group net assets to the net assets 

of the company only accounts. 

•  We  also  considered  the  adequacy  of  the 
disclosures included in the financial statements 
in accordance with IFRS. 

Other information  

The  other  information  comprises  the  information  included  in  the  annual  report,  other  than  the  financial 
statements  and  our  auditor’s  report  thereon.  The  directors  are  responsible  for  the  other  information.  Our 
opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, except 
to the extent  otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we  do not express any  form of assurance conclusion 
thereon.  

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, 
in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material 
inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material 
misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the 
work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are 
required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2014  

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit, we report that:  

the information given in the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements 

• 
are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and 

• 

the directors’ report has been prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2014. 

We have obtained all the information and explanations which we consider necessary for the purpose of our 
audit. 

In our opinion, the accounting records of the Company were sufficient to permit the financial statements to be 
readily and properly audited and the financial statements are in agreement with the accounting records. 

Matters on which we are required to report by exception  

Based on the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the 
audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the directors' report.  

The Companies Act 2014 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion, the disclosures of directors’ remuneration 
and transactions required by Sections 305 to 312 of the Act are not made. We have nothing to report in this 
regard. 

Responsibilities of directors 

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  Directors’  Responsibilities  Statement,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of 
financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the 
group’s  and  the  parent  company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable,  matters 
related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to 
liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free 
from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our 
opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in 
accordance with ISAs (Ireland) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can 
arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably 
be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures 
in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, 
including fraud. Based on our understanding of the group and industry, we identified that the principal risks of 
non-compliance with laws and regulations related to those directly impacting the preparation of the financial 
statements, such as the Companies Act 2014 and the AIM Rules. There are no significant laws and regulations 
currently impacting the trading activities of the group other than compliance with normal business contractual 
terms. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

We  evaluated  management’s  incentives  and  opportunities  for  fraudulent  manipulation  of  the  financial 
statements,  and  determined  that  the  principal  risks  related  to  management  bias  through  judgements  and 
assumptions  in  significant  accounting  estimates, and  to  posting  inappropriate  journal  entries.  The  key  audit 
matters  section  of  our  report  explains  the  specific  procedures  performed  in  respect  of  the  valuation  and 
recoverability of intangible assets. 

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements (continued) 

Our audit procedures performed included: 

•  Discussions with and inquiry of management and those charged with governance in relation to known 

or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud; 

•  Review of minutes from board and other committee meetings; 
•  Challenging  assumptions  and  judgements  made  by  management  in  their  significant  accounting 

• 

estimates; 
Testing  the  appropriateness  of  journal  entries  and  other  adjustments,  and  evaluating  the  business 
rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal terms of business. 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including 
those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This 
risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions 
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. 
The  risk  is  also  greater  regarding  irregularities  occurring  due  to  fraud  rather  than  error,  as  fraud  involves 
intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the IAASA’s 
website at: https://www.iaasa.ie/Publications/Auditing-standards/ 

This description forms part of our auditor’s report.  

Use of our report 

This  report  is  made  solely  to  the  company’s  members,  as  a  body,  in  accordance  with  Section  391  of  the 
Companies Act 2014.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company’s members 
those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest 
extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the 
company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Keith Doyle 
For and on behalf of PKF O’Connor, Leddy & Holmes Limited 
Statutory Auditor 

Century House 
Harold’s Cross Road 
Dublin 6W 

Date:17 May 2023

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Consolidated Income Statement 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Continuing operations 
Administrative expenses 
Finance income 
Loss for the year before tax 

Income tax expense 

Loss for the financial year 

Loss attributable to: 

Equity holders of the Company 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

4 
5 

7 

(951,294) 
527 
(950,767) 

(536,178) 
218 
(535,960) 

158,504 
(792,263) 

- 
(535,960) 

(792,263) 

(535,960) 

Loss per share from continuing operations 
Basic and diluted loss per share (cent) 

8 

(0.0002) 

(0.001) 

All activities are derived from continuing operations. All losses are attributable to the owners of the Company. 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

Consolidated Statement of Other Comprehensive Income  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Loss for the financial year 

(792,263) 

(535,960) 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

Other comprehensive income 
Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss: 
Currency translation differences 

Total comprehensive expense for the financial year 
attributable to equity holders of the Company  

400,861 

400,861 

498,070 

498,070 

(391,402) 

(37,890) 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Intangible assets 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Equity 
Capital and reserves 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Share based payment reserve 
Foreign currency translation reserve 
Retained earnings 

Attributable to owners of the Company  

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Decommissioning provision 
Share warrant provision 
Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

10 

11 

13 

14 

18 
18 
19 

15 
16 
17 

76,635 

8,462,329 
8,538,964  

272,887 

145,197 
418,084  

72,170 

7,086,254 
7,158,424 

110,940 

2,042,547 
2,153,487 

8,957,048 

9,311,911 

357,751 
13,572,027 
368,709 
920,104 

(6,600,567) 
8,618,024 

357,751 
13,572,027 
318,621 
519,243 

(5,822,011) 
8,945,631 

8,618,024 

8,945,631 

207,603 
131,421 
- 
339,024 

146,642 
123,344 
96,294 
366,280 

339,024 

366,280 

8,957,048 

9,311,911 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 17 May 2023 and signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 

Max Williams 
Finance Director

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Company Statement of Financial Position  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investments in subsidiaries 

Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 

Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Equity 
Capital and reserves 
Share capital 
Share premium 
Share based payment reserve 
Retained earnings 

Attributable to owners of the Company  

Total equity 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Share warrant provision 
Total current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Total equity and liabilities 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

9 

12 

13 

14 

18 
18 
19 

15 
17 

500,001 

6,492,043 
6,992,044 

500,001 

6,923,355 
7,423,356 

35,049 

96,234 
131,283 

29,427 

1,761,270 
1,790,697 

7,123,327 

9,214,053 

357,751 
13,572,027 
368,709 

(7,344,680) 
6,953,807 

357,751 
13,572,027 
318,621 

(5,318,833) 
8,929,566 

6,953,807 

8,929,566 

169,520 
- 
169,520 

188,193 
96,294 
284,487 

169,520 

284,487 

7,123,327 

9,214,053 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 17 May 2023 and signed on its behalf by: 

Brian Hall 
Executive Chairman 

Max Williams 
Finance Director 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Share 
capital 
€ 

Share 
premium 
€ 
307,071  12,543,606 

Share 
based 
payment 
reserve 
€ 
559,420 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

45,455 

916,610 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
4,625 
- 
600 
- 
- 

- 
106,220 
- 
5,591 
- 
- 

20,709 
- 
(13,865) 
(4,777) 
(296,867) 
54,001 

50,680 

1,028,421 

(240,799) 

Foreign 
currency 
translation 
reserve 
€ 

Retained 
earnings 
€ 

Total 
€ 
21,173  (5,511,645)  7,919,625 

- 

(535,960) 

(535,960) 

498,070 

- 

498,070 

498,070 

(535,960) 

(37,890) 

- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

(69,206) 

892,859 

(20,709) 
- 
13,865 
4,777 
296,867 
- 

- 
110,845 
- 
6,191 
- 
54,001 

225,594  1,063,896 

357,751  13,572,027 

318,621 

519,243  (5,822,011)  8,945,631 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(792,263) 

(792,263) 

400,861 

- 

400,861 

400,861 

(792,263) 

(391,402) 

(13,707) 
63,795 

50,088 

- 
- 

- 

13,707 
- 

- 
63,795 

13,707 

63,795 

357,751  13,572,027 

368,709 

920,104  (6,600,567)  8,618,024 

Balance at 1 January 2021 
Total comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Currency translation 
differences 
Total comprehensive income 
for the year 
Transactions with owners, 
recorded directly in equity 
Shares issued 
Share warrants granted on  
Issue of shares 
Share warrants exercised 
Share warrants terminated 
Share options exercised 
Share options terminated 
Share options charge 
Total transactions with 
owners, recorded directly in  
equity 
Balance at 31 December 2021 

Total comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Currency translation 
differences 
Total comprehensive income 
for the year 
Transactions with owners, 
recorded directly in equity 
Share warrants terminated 
Share options charge 
Total transactions with 
owners, recorded directly  
in equity 
Balance at 31 December 2022 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Company Statement of Changes in Equity  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Balance at 1 January 2021 
Total comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year  
Transactions with owners, recorded 
directly in equity 
Shares issued 
Share warrants granted on issue 
of shares 
Share warrants exercised 
Share warrants terminated 
Share options exercised 
Share options terminate 
Share options charge 
Total transactions with owners, recorded 
directly in  
equity 
Balance at 31 December 2021 

Total comprehensive income 
Loss for the year 
Total comprehensive income for the year 
Transactions with owners, recorded 
directly in equity 
Share warrants terminated 
Share options charge 
Total transactions with owners, recorded 
directly in  
equity 
Balance at 31 December 2022 

Share 
capital 
€ 

Share 
premium 
€ 
307,071  12,543,606 

Share based 
payment 
reserve 
€ 
559,420 

- 
- 

- 
- 

45,455 

916,610 

- 
- 

- 

- 
4,625 
- 
600 
- 
- 

- 
106,220 
- 
5,591 
- 
- 

20,709 
- 
(13,865) 
(4,777) 
(296,867) 
54,001 

Retained 
earnings 
€ 
(3,738,254) 

Total 
€ 
9,671,843 

(1,806,173) 
(1,806,173) 

(1,806,173) 
(1,806,173) 

(69,206) 

892,859 

(20,709) 
- 
13,865 
4,777 
296,867 
- 

- 
110,845 
- 
6,191 
- 
54,001 

50,680 

1,028,421 

(240,799) 

225,594 

1,063,896 

357,751  13,572,027 

318,621 

(5,318,833) 

8,929,566 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 

- 
- 

(2,039,554) 
(2,039,554) 

(2,039,554) 
(2,039,554) 

(13,707) 
63,795 

13,707 
- 

- 
63,795 

50,088 

13,707 

63,795 

357,751  13,572,027 

368,709 

(7,344,680) 

6,953,807 

The accompanying notes on page 37 to 69 form an integral part of these financial statements.

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year 

Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Interest receivable and similar income 
Increase in trade and other receivables 
Decrease in trade and other payables 
Gain on revaluation of share warrants 
Equity settled share-based payment 
Net cash flows from operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities 
Expenditure on intangible assets 
Interest received 

Net cash from investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities 
Proceeds from the issue of new shares 
Proceeds from grant of warrants 
Commission paid from the issue of new shares 

Net cash from financing activities 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
Exchange rate adjustment on cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

(792,263) 

(535,960) 

10 
4 

19 

11 

4 

18 
17 
18 

14 

14 

- 
(527) 
(161,947) 
53,273 
(96,294) 
63,795 
(933,963) 

(956,077) 

527 
(955,550) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,889,513) 
(7,837) 

2,042,547 

145,197 

- 
(218) 
(11,036) 
13,055 
(330,708) 
54,001 
(810,866) 

(657,727) 

218 
(657,509) 

1,059,085 
191,364 
(69,206) 

1,181,243 

(287,132) 
42,507 

2,287,172 

2,042,547 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Company Statement of Cash Flows  
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss for the year 

Adjustments for: 
Interest receivable and similar income 
(Increase)/Decrease in trade and other receivables 
Increase in trade and other payables 
Increase in impairment provision 
Gain on revaluation of share warrants 
Equity settled share-based payment 
Net cash flows from operating activities 

Cash flow from investing activities 
Interest received 

Amounts advanced to subsidiary undertakings 

Net cash from investing activities 

Cash flow from financing activities 
Proceeds from the issue of new shares 
Proceeds from grant of warrants 
Commission paid from the issue of new shares 

Net cash from financing activities 

Decrease in cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year 

Notes 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

(2,039,553) 

(1,806,173) 

4 

19 

4 

18 
17 
18 

14 

14 

(517) 
(5,622) 
28,952 
1,607,700 
(96,294) 
63,795 
(441,539) 

(212) 
9,078 
6,397 
1,703,600 
(330,708) 
54,001 
(364,017) 

517 

(1,224,014) 
(1,223,497) 

212 

(1,047,019) 
(1,046,807) 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(1,665,036) 

1,761,270 

96,234 

1,059,085 
191,364 
(69,206) 

1,181,243 

(229,581) 

1,990,851 

1,761,270 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

1. 

Accounting policies 

Great Western Mining Corporation PLC (“the Company”) is a Company domiciled and incorporated in 
Ireland. The Company is listed on the Euronext Growth Market in Dublin and on AIM in London.  The 
Group  financial  statements  consolidate  the  individual  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  its 
subsidiaries (“the Group”). 

Basis of preparation 
The Group and the Company financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International 
Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the European Union (“EU”). 

Statement of compliance 
The Group financial statements have been prepared and approved by the Directors in accordance with 
International Financial Reporting Standards and their interpretations as adopted by the European Union 
(“EU IFRSs”). The individual financial statements of the Company have been prepared and approved by 
the  Directors  in  accordance  with  EU  IFRSs  and  as  applied  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the 
Companies  Act  2014  which  permits  a  Company  that  publishes  its  Company  and  Group  financial 
statements together, to take advantage of the exemption in Section 304 of the Companies Act 2014 from 
presenting  to  its  members  its  Company  income  statement  and  related  notes  that  form  part  of  the 
approved Company financial statements.  

The EU IFRSs applied by the Company and the Group in the preparation of these financial statements are 
those that were effective for accounting periods ending on or before 31 December 2022. 

New accounting standards and interpretations adopted 
Below is a list of standards and interpretations that were required to be applied in the year ended 31 
December 2022. There was no material impact to the financial statements in the current year from these 
standards set out below: 

• 

• 
• 
• 

• 

Amendment to IFRS 16: COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions beyond 30 June 2021 – effective 1 
April 2021 
Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract – effective 1 January 2022 
Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018-2020 – effective 1 January 2022 
Amendments to IAS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use – effective 
1 January 2022 
Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the Conceptual Framework – effective 1 January 2022 

New accounting standards and interpretations not adopted 
Standards endorsed by the EU that are not yet required to be applied but can be early adopted are set 
out  below.  None  of  these  standards  have  been  applied  in  the  current  period.  The  Group  is  currently 
assessing whether these standards will have a material impact in the financial statements. 

• 
• 

• 
• 

IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts – effective 1 January 2023 
Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2: Disclosure of Accounting Policies – effective 
1 January 2023 
Amendments to IAS 8: Definition of Accounting Estimate – effective 1 January 2023 
Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes: Deferred Tax Related to Assets and Liabilities Arising from 
a Single Transaction – effective 1 January 2023 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

New accounting standards and interpretations not adopted (continued) 
The following standards have been issued by the IASB but have not been endorsed by the EU, accordingly 
none of these standards have been applied in the current period and the Group is currently assessing 
whether these standards will have a material impact in the financial statements. 

• 

• 
• 
• 

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of liabilities as current or non-current – effective 1 January 
2024 
Amendments to IFRS 16: Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback – effective 1 January 2024 
Amendments to IAS 1: Non-current Liabilities with Covenants – effective 1 January 2024 
Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28: Sale and Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its 
Associate or Joint Venture – optional 

Functional and Presentation Currency 
The presentation currency of the Group and the functional currency of Great Western Mining Corporation 
PLC is the Euro (“€”) representing the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Group 
operates.   

Use of Estimates and Judgements 
The  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  conformity  with  IFRS  requires  management  to  make 
judgements,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  application  of  accounting  policies  and  the 
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The estimates and associated assumptions 
are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets 
and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  

In particular, significant areas of estimation uncertainty in applying accounting policies that have the most 
significant effect on the amount recognised in the financial statements are in the following area: 

• 
• 

Note 17 – Share warrants – financial liability.  
Note 19 – Share based payments, including share option and share warrant valuations. 

In particular, significant areas of critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most 
significant effect on the amount recognised in the financial statements are in the following areas:  

• 
• 

• 
• 

Note 11 – Intangible asset, consideration of impairment of carrying value of claim groups. 
Note 11 – Intangible asset, consideration of impairment relating to net assets being lower than 
market capitalisation. 
Note 12 – Amounts owed by subsidiary, expected credit loss. 
Note 16 – Decommissioning provision. 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Basis of Consolidation 
The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  Great  Western  Mining 
Corporation PLC and its subsidiary undertakings for the year ended 31 December 2022. 

Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group and cease to be 
consolidated from the date on which control is transferred out of the Group. Control exists when the 
Company is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the 
ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. Financial statements of subsidiaries are 
prepared for the same reporting year as the parent company.  

Upon  the  loss  of  control,  the  Group  derecognises  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  subsidiary,  and  no 
controlling interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit 
arising on the loss of control is recognised in the income statement. If the Group retains any interest in 
the  previous  subsidiary,  then  such  interest  in  measured  at  fair  value  at  the  date  control  is  lost. 
Subsequently, it is accounted for an equity-accounted investee or as an available for sale financial asset, 
depending on the level of influence retained. 

Intragroup balances and transactions, including any unrealised gains arising from intragroup transactions, 
are eliminated in preparing the Group financial statements. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same 
manner as unrealised gains except to the extent that there is evidence of impairment. 

Investments in Subsidiaries 
In the Company’s own statement of financial position, investments in subsidiaries are stated at cost less 
provisions for any impairment. 

Intangible Assets – Exploration and Evaluation Assets 
The Directors have designated that an individual exploration and evaluation asset is a group of claims 
which provide separate areas of interest in different geographic locations.  Each group of claims may 
comprise more than one area of exploration interest.  Exploration expenditure in respect of properties 
and licences not in production is capitalised and is carried forward in the statement of financial position 
under intangible assets in respect of each area of interest where: 

(i) 

(ii) 

the operations are ongoing in the area of interest and exploration or evaluation activities have not 
reached  a  stage  which  permits  a  reasonable  assessment  of  the  existence  or  otherwise  of 
economically recoverable reserves; and 
such costs are expected to be recouped through successful development and exploration of the 
area of interest or alternatively by its realisation. 

Exploration costs include licence costs, survey, geophysical and geological analysis and evaluation costs, 
costs  of  drilling  and  project-related  overheads.    Where  the  Company  undertakes  the  evaluation  and 
appraisal of historical waste material at surface, the costs of evaluation are capitalised in exploration and 
evaluation assets.  Capitalised exploration and evaluation expenditures are not amortised prior to the 
conclusion of exploration and appraisal activity. 

Exploration  and  evaluation  assets  will  be  reclassified  to  property,  plant  and  equipment  as  a  cash-
generating unit when a commercially viable reserve has been determined, all approvals and permits have 
been obtained.   On reclassification, the carrying value of the asset will be assessed for impairment and, 
where appropriate, the carrying value will be adjusted. If, after completion of exploration, evaluation and 
appraisal  activities  the  conditions  for  achieving  a  cash-generating  unit  are  not  met,  the  associated 
expenditures are written off to the income statement.

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Decommissioning Provision 
There is uncertainty around the cost of decommissioning as cost estimates can vary in response to many 
factors,  including  changes  to  the  relevant  legal  requirements,  the  emergence  of  new  technology  or 
experience  at  other  assets.  The  expected  timing,  work  scope  and  amount  and  currency  mix  of 
expenditure required may also change. Therefore, significant estimates and assumptions are made in 
determining the provision for decommissioning. Provision for environmental clean-up and remediation 
costs is based on current legal and contractual requirements, technology and management’s estimate of 
costs  with  reference  to  current  price  levels  and  the  estimated  costs  calculated  by  the  regulatory 
authorities.  

Impairment 
The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than deferred tax assets, are reviewed 
at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication 
exists,  then  the  amount  recoverable  from  the  assets  is  estimated.  For  intangible  assets  that  have 
indefinite lives or that are not yet available for use, the recoverable amount is estimated at each reporting 
date. 

Under IFRS 6, the following indicators are set out to determine whether an exploration and evaluation 
asset is required to be tested for impairment:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

the period for which the entity has the right to explore in the specific area has expired during 
the period or will expire in the near future, and is not expected to be renewed;  
substantive expenditure on further exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources in the 
specific area is neither budgeted nor planned;  
exploration  for  and  evaluation  of  mineral  resources  in  the  specific  area  have  not  led  to  the 
discovery of commercially viable quantities of mineral resources and the entity has decided to 
discontinue such activities in the specific area; and 
sufficient data exists to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to 
proceed, the carrying amount of the exploration and evaluation asset is unlikely to be recovered 
in full from successful development or by sale.  

The  list  is  not  exhaustive,  and  the  Group  also  considers  the  following  additional  tests:  current  cash 
available to the Group and its capacity to raise additional funds; commodity prices and markets; taxation 
and  the  regulatory  regime;  access  to  equipment,  materials  and  services;  and  the  comparison  of  the 
Group’s net assets with the market capitalisation of the Company.   

An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an asset or its cash-generating unit exceeds 
its recoverable amount. A cash-generating unit is the smallest identifiable asset Group that is expected 
to generate cash flows that is largely independent from other assets and Groups of assets. Impairment 
losses  are  recognised  in  the  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income.  Impairment  losses  recognised  in 
respect  of  cash-generating  units  are  allocated  first  to  reduce  the  carrying  amount  of  any  goodwill 
allocated to the units and then to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the unit (group of 
units) on a pro rata basis. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or cash generating unit is the greater of its value in use and its fair 
value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their 
present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of 
money and the risk specific to the asset. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Administrative expenses 
Administrative expenses, which exclude net finance costs, comprise the Group’s operating and corporate 
expenses.  All Group salaries and wages costs are charged to the income statement.  

Finance income 
Finance income comprises interest income, which is recognised in the income statement as it accrues 
using the effective interest rate method and foreign exchange gains. 

Taxation 
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognised in profit and 
loss except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in 
equity, in which case the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or equity respectively. 

Current corporation tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates 
enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of 
previous years. 

Special  tax  deductions  for  qualifying  expenditure  claimed  by  the  Group  are  in  accordance  with  the 
Research and Development Tax Incentive regime in the UK. The Group accounts for such allowances as 
tax credits, which reduces income tax payable and current tax expense. 

Deferred tax is recognised using the liability method, providing for temporary differences between the 
carrying  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  for  financial  reporting  purposes  and  the  amounts  used  for 
taxation  purposes.  Deferred  tax  is  not  recognised  for  the  following  temporary  differences:  the  initial 
recognition of goodwill, the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business 
combination  and  that  affects  neither  accounting  nor  taxable  profit,  and  differences  relating  to 
investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they probably will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 
Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to the temporary differences 
when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting 
date.  

A  deferred  tax  asset  is  recognised  to  the  extent that  it is  probable  that  future  taxable  profits  will  be 
available against which temporary difference can be utilised. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each 
reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will 
be realised.   

Additional income taxes that arise from the distribution of dividends are recognised at the same time as 
the liability to pay the related dividends is recognised. 

Employee Benefits 

i) 

Equity-Settled Share-Based Payments 
For  equity-settled  share-based  payment  transactions  (i.e.  the  issuance  of  share  options  in 
accordance with the Group’s share option scheme or share warrants granted in relation to services 
provided), the Group measures the services received by reference to the value of the option or 
other financial instrument at fair value at the measurement date (which is the grant date) using a 
recognised valuation methodology for the pricing of financial instruments (the binomial option 
pricing model). If the share options granted do not vest until the completion of a specified period 
of service, the fair value assessed at the grant date is recognised in the income statement over the 
vesting period as the services are rendered by employees with a corresponding increase in equity. 
For options granted with no vesting period, the fair value is recognised in the income statement 
at the date of the grant.  For share warrants granted in relation to services provided, the fair value 

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Employee Benefits (continued) 

is an issue cost and is accordingly recognised in retained earnings. The fair value of equity-settled 
share-based payments on exercise is released to the share premium account.  When equity settled 
share-based payments which have not been exercised reach the end of the original contractual 
life,  whether  share  options  or  share  warrants,  the  value  is  transferred  from  the  share  option 
reserve to retained earnings. 

ii) 

Defined Contribution Plans 
Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are expensed as the related service is 
provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that a cash refund or a 
reduction in future payments is available. 

Foreign Currencies 
Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  recorded  at  the  rate  of  exchange  ruling  at  the  date  of  the 
transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into the 
functional  currency  at  the  exchange  rate  ruling  at  the  reporting  date,  unless  specifically  covered  by 
foreign exchange contracts whereupon the contract rate is used. All translation differences are taken to 
the income statement with the exception of foreign currency differences arising on net investment in a 
foreign operation. These are recognised in other comprehensive income.  

Results and cash flows of non-Euro subsidiary undertakings are translated into Euro at average exchange 
rates for the year and the related assets and liabilities are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at 
the reporting date. Adjustments arising on translation of the results of non-Euro subsidiary undertakings 
at average rates, and on the restatement of the opening net assets at closing rates, are dealt with in a 
separate translation reserve within equity. Proceeds from the issue of share capital are recognised at the 
prevailing  exchange  rate  on  the  date  that  the  Board  of  Directors  ratifies  such  issuance;  and  foreign 
exchange movement arising between the date of issue and the date of receipt of funds is credited or 
charged to the income statement. 

The principal exchange rates used for the translation of results, cash flows and balance sheets into Euro 
were as follows:

1 GPD 
1 USD 

Average rate 
2021 

2022 

Spot rate at year end 
2021 
2022 

0.8526 
1.0530 

0.8600 
1.1853 

0.8869 
1.0666 

0.8403 
1.1326 

On loss of control of a foreign operation, accumulated currency translation differences are recognised in 
the income statement as part of the overall gain or loss on disposal.  

Share Capital 
Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of ordinary shares and share options are recognised 
as a reduction in equity. 

Earnings per Share 

The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) data for its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is 
calculated  by  dividing  the  profit  or  loss  attributable  to  ordinary  shareholders  of  the  Company  by  the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined 
by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to ordinary shareholders and the weighted average number of 
ordinary shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential ordinary share.

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  under  the  cost  model  are  stated  at  historical  cost  less  accumulated 
depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly 
attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating 
in the manner intended by management. 

Depreciation is provided on the following basis: 

Land and property   
Plant & machinery   
Motor vehicles 

- 
- 
- 

0% 
33.33% straight line 
33.33% straight line 

On  disposal  of  property,  plant  and  equipment,  the  cost  and  related  accumulated  deprecation  and 
impairments are removed from the financial statements and the net amounts less any proceeds are taken 
to the income statement. 

The  carrying  amounts  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  at  each  balance  sheet  date  to 
determine whether there is any indication of impairment.  An impairment loss is recognised whenever 
the carrying amount of an asset or its cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount.  Impairment 
losses are recognised in the income statement. 

Subsequent  costs  are  included  in  an  asset’s  carrying  amount  or  recognised  as  a  separate  asset,  as 
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to 
the Group and the cost of the replaced item can be measured reliably.  All other repair and maintenance 
costs are charged to the income statement during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Financial Instruments 
Cash and Cash Equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents in the Statement of Financial Position comprise cash at bank and in hand and 
short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less.  Bank overdrafts that are repayable 
on demand and form part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and 
cash equivalents for the purpose of Statement of Cash Flows. 

Trade and Other Receivables / Payables 
Except for the decommissioning provision and financial liabilities arising on the grant of share warrants, 
trade and other receivables and payables are stated at cost less impairment, which approximates fair 
value given the short-dated nature of these assets and liabilities. There are no expected credit losses on 
amounts due from subsidiaries and therefore no expected credit loss provision has been recognised. 

Financial assets – amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Financial assets are classified as measured at amortised cost when they are held in a business model the 
objective of which is to collect  contractual cash flows and the contractual cash flows represent solely 
payments of principal and interest. Such assets are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method if the time value of money is significant. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when 
the assets are derecognised or impaired and when interest is recognised using the effective interest rate 
method.  This  category  of  financial  assets  includes  trade  and  other  receivables  and  loans  provided  to 
subsidiary undertakings of the Company. 

Impairment of financial assets 
The expected credit loss model is applied for recognition and measurement of impairments in financial 
assets measured at amortised cost. The loss allowance for the financial asset is measured at an amount 
equal to the life-time expected credit losses. Changes in loss allowances are recognised in profit and loss.  

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Share Warrant Provision 
The fair value of an equity classified warrant is measured using the binomial option pricing model.  As the 
warrant price is in a different currency to the functional currency of the Company, the share warrant 
provision creates a financial liability.  The fair value is remeasured at each period end and any movement 
charged or credited to the income statement.  The fair value of the liability settled by the issue of shares 
is credited to the share premium account.  The fair value on exercise is credited to the share premium 
account.   

Provisions 
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a 
past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required 
to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of this obligation. Where the 
Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the 
reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. 
The  expense  relating  to  any  provision  is  presented  in  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive 
Income net of any reimbursement. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are 
discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. 
Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a 
finance cost. 

Contingencies 
A contingent liability is disclosed where the existence of an obligation will only be confirmed by future 
events or where the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with reasonable reliability. Contingent 
assets are not recognised but are disclosed where an inflow of economic benefit is probable. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

2. 

Going concern 

The financial statements of the Group and Parent Company are prepared on a going concern basis.  

In order to assess the appropriateness of the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements 
for the year ended 31 December 2022, the Directors have considered a time period of at least twelve 
months from the date of approval of these financial statements.   

The Group incurred an operating loss during the year ended 31 December 2022. As the Group is not 
generating revenues, an operating loss is expected for the next twelve months.  At the balance sheet 
date, the Group had cash and cash equivalents amounting to €0.14 million and the Company raised an 
additional amount of €0.86 million (net of transactions expenses) through a placing in January 2023.  The 
future  of  the  Company  is  dependent  on  the  successful  outcome  of  its  exploration  activities  and 
implementation of revenue-generating operations. The Directors believe that the Group’s ability to make 
additional  capital  expenditure  on  its  lode  claims  in  Nevada  will  be  assisted  by  the  generation  of  first 
revenues  from  the  reprocessing  of  historical  spoil  heaps  and  tailings  and  can  be  further  assisted,  if 
necessary, by raising additional capital, the deferral of planned expenditure and other cost saving actions, 
loan facilities for revenue-generating operations or from future revenues. The Directors have taken into 
consideration the Company’s successful completion of placings and the exercise of warrants and options 
since 2019, including the placing completed in January 2023, to provide additional cash resources.   

The Directors concluded that the Group will have sufficient resources to continue as a going concern for 
the future, that is for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of approval of the condensed 
consolidated financial statements.  

However, there exists a material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt over the ability of the Group 
to continue as a going concern.  The Group may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities 
in the normal course of business if it is unable to raise funds for further exploration on and development 
of its exploration assets. The condensed consolidated statements have been prepared on a going concern 
basis and do not include any adjustments that would be necessary if this basis were inappropriate. 

3. 

Segment information 

The Group has one principal reportable segment - Nevada, USA, which represents the exploration for and 
development of copper, silver, gold and other minerals in Nevada, USA. 

Other operations “Corporate Activities” includes cash resources held by the Group and other operational 
expenditure  incurred  by  the  Group.  These  assets  and  activities  are  not  within  the  definition  of  an 
operating segment. 

In the opinion of the Directors the operations of the Group comprise one class of business, being the 
exploration and development of copper, silver, gold and other minerals. The Group’s main operations are 
located  within  Nevada,  USA.  The  information  reported  to  the  Group’s  chief  executive  officer  (the 
Executive Chairman) who is the chief operating decision maker, for the purposes of resource allocation 
and assessment of segmental performance is particularly focussed on the exploration activity in Nevada. 

Information regarding the Group’s results, assets and liabilities is presented below. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

3. 

Segment information (continued) 

Segment results

Exploration activities - Nevada 
Corporate activities 
Consolidated loss before tax 

Segment assets 

Exploration activities - Nevada 
Corporate activities 
Consolidated total assets 

Segment liabilities

Exploration activities - Nevada 
Corporate activities 
Consolidated total Liabilities 

Revenue 

Loss 

2022 
€ 
- 
- 

- 

2021 
€ 
- 
- 

- 

2022 
€ 
(31,891) 
(918,876) 

(950,767) 

2021 
€ 
(22,156) 
(513,804) 

(535,960) 

2022 
€ 
8,819,118 
137,930 

8,957,048 

2021 
€ 
7,509,296 
1,802,615 

9,311,911 

2022 
€ 
173,590 
165,434 

339,024 

2021 
€ 
159,009 
207,271 

366,280 

Geographical information 
The Group operates in three principal geographical areas – Ireland (country of residence of Great Western 
Mining Corporation PLC), Nevada, USA (country of residence of Great Western Mining Corporation, Inc., 
a wholly owned subsidiary of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC) and the United Kingdom (country 
of  residence  of  GWM  Operations  Limited,  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  Great  Western  Mining 
Corporation PLC). 

The Group has no revenue. Information about the Group’s non-current assets by geographical location 
are detailed below: 

Nevada, USA – exploration activities 
Ireland 
United Kingdom 

2022 
€ 
8,538,964 
- 
- 

8,538,964 

2021 
€ 
7,158,424 
- 
- 

7,158,424 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

4. 

Finance income 

Bank interest receivable 

5. 

Statutory and other disclosures 

Share based payments 

Salaries 
Social security 

Director’s remuneration 
- 
- 
-  Defined contribution pension scheme 
- 
Auditor’s remuneration 
- 
-  Other assurance services 
-  Other non-audit services 
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash 
and cash equivalents 
Effects of revaluation of share warrants – 
financial liability 

Audit of the financial statements 

Group 
2022 
€ 
527 

527 

Group 
2021 
€ 
218 

218 

Company 
2022 
€ 
517 

517 

Company 
2021 
€ 
212 

212 

Group 
2022 
€ 

311,335 
34,101 
- 
43,269 

30,750 
- 
- 

Group 
2021 
€ 

Company 
2022 
€ 

Company 
2021 
€ 

313,910 
32,829 
- 
54,001 

40,900 
- 
8,810 

135,434 
13,165 
- 
43,269 

27,500 
- 
- 

124,375 
12,953 
- 
54,001 

36,900 
- 
8,810 

51,367 

(114,121) 

51,322 

(114,121) 

(96,294) 

(353,716) 

(96,294) 

(353,716) 

6. 

Employment 

Number of employees 
The average number of employees, including executive Directors, during the year was: 

Executive and non-Executive Directors 
Administration 

Group 
2022 
Number 
6 
3 

9 

Group 
2021 
Number 
6 
 2 

8 

Company 
2022 
Number 
6 
- 

6 

Company 
2021 
Number 
6 
- 

6 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

6. 

Employees (continued) 

Employees costs 
The employment costs, including executive Directors, during the year were charged to the income 
statement: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security 
Defined contribution pension scheme 
Share based payments 

7. 

Income tax - expense 

Current tax credit 
Adjustment for previous period 

Group 
2022 
€ 
480,197 
49,354 
3,361 
63,795 

596,707 

Group 
2021 
€ 
428,782 
44,640 
14,252 
 54,001 

541,675 

Company 
2022 
€ 
135,434 
13,165 
- 
63,795 

212,394 

Company 
2021 
€ 
124,375 
12,953 
- 
54,001 

191,329 

2022 
€ 
(61,142) 
(97,362) 

(158,504) 

2021 
€ 
- 
- 

- 

The income tax expense for the year can be reconciled to the accounting loss as follows: 

Loss before tax 

2022 
€ 
(950,767) 

2021 
€ 
(535,960) 

Income tax calculated at 12.5% (2021: 12.5%) 

(118,846) 

(66,995) 

Effects of: 
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

Income not taxable 
Losses carried forward 

Adjustment for UK research and development tax credit 
Income tax (credit)/expense 

21,107 
(12,037) 

109,776 
(158,504) 

(158,504) 

9,815 
(44,215) 

101,395 
- 

- 

The  tax  rate  used  for  the  year  end  reconciliations  above  is  the  corporation  rate  of  12.5%  payable  by 
corporate entities in Ireland on taxable profits under tax law in the jurisdiction of Ireland. 

At  the  statement  of  financial  position  date,  the  Group  had  unused  tax  losses  of  €7,616,147  (2021: 
€7,564,188) available for offset against future profits. No deferred tax asset has been recognised due to 
the unpredictability of future profit streams. Unused tax losses may be carried forward indefinitely. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

8. 

Loss per share 

Basic earnings per share 
The basic and weighted average number of ordinary shares used in the calculation of basic earnings per 
share are as follows: 

Loss for the year attribute to equity holders of the 
parent 

Number of ordinary shares at start of year 
Number of ordinary shares issued during the year 
Number of ordinary shares in issue at end of year 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the 
purposes of basic earnings per share 

Basic loss per ordinary share (cent) 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

(792,263) 

(535,960) 

  3,577,510,005  3,070,714,550 
506,795,455 
- 
  3,577,510,005  3,577,510,005 

  3,577,510,005  3,460,769,475 

(0.0002) 

(0.001) 

Diluted earnings per share 
There were no potentially dilutive ordinary shares that would increase the basic loss per share. 

9. 

Investments in subsidiaries 

Subsidiary undertakings - unlisted 
Investment cost 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

500,001 

500,001 

500,001 

500,001 

The Directors reviewed the recoverability of the investments and concluded there was no impairment 
and that the carrying value of these investments to be fully recoverable. 

At 31 December 2022, the Company had the following subsidiary undertakings: 

Name 

Incorporated in 

Main activity 

Holdings 

Great Western Mining Corporation Inc. 
GWM Operations Limited 

Nevada, U.S.A. 
UK 

Mineral Exploration 
Service Company 

100% 
100% 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

10. 

Property, plant and equipment 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Additions 
Exchange rate adjustment 
At 31 December 2021 
Additions 
Exchange rate adjustment 

At 31 December 2022 

Depreciation 
At 1 January 2021 
Depreciation charge for the year 
Exchange rate adjustment 
At 31 December 2021 
Depreciation charge for the year 
Exchange rate adjustment 

At December 2022 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2022 

At 31 December 2021 

Property, 
plant & 
equipment 
€ 

86,432 
- 
7,212 
93,644 
- 
5,795 

Total 
€ 

86,432 
- 
7,212 
93,644 
- 
5,795 

99,439 

99,439 

19,820 
- 
1,654 
21,474 
- 
1,330 

19,820 
- 
1,654 
21,474 
- 
1,330 

22,804 

22,804 

76,635 

76,635 

72,170 

72,170 

The net book value of €76,635 at 31 December 2022 (2021: €72,210) relates to the Group’s warehouse 
in Hawthorne, Nevada, and yard facility at Marietta, Nevada.  Motor vehicles, plant and machinery and 
were fully depreciated in the prior year.  The Directors have considered the carrying value of the assets 
and concluded that there is no impairment. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

11. 

Intangible assets 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Additions 
Cost of decommissioning 
Exchange rate adjustment 
At 31 December 2021 
Additions 
Cost of decommissioning 

Exchange rate adjustment 

At 31 December 2022 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2022 

At 31 December 2021 

Exploration 
and 
evaluation 
assets 
€ 

5,898,940 
689,252 
48,056 
450,006 
7,086,254 
963,765 
445 

411,865 

Total 
€ 

5,898,940 
689,252 
48,056 
450,006 
7,086,254 
963,765 
445 

411,865 

8,462,329 

8,462,329 

8,462,329 

8,462,329 

7,086,254 

7,086,254 

The Directors have reviewed the carrying value of the exploration and evaluation assets. These assets are 
carried at historical cost and have been assessed for impairment in particular with regards to specific 
indicators as set out in IFRS 6 ‘Exploration for and Evaluation of Mineral Resources’ relating to remaining 
licence or claim terms, likelihood of renewal, likelihood of further expenditures, possible discontinuation 
of activities over specific claims and available data which may suggest that the recoverable value of an 
exploration and evaluation asset is less than carrying amount. The Directors considered other factors in 
assessing potential impairment including cash available to the Group, commodity prices and markets, 
taxation  and  regulatory  regime  and  access  to  equipment.  The  Directors  also  considered  the  carrying 
amount of the Company’s net assets in relation to its market capitalisation. The Directors are satisfied 
that  no  impairment  is  required  as  at  31  December  2022.  The  realisation  of  the  intangible  assets  is 
dependent on the successful identification and exploitation of copper, silver, gold and other mineral in 
the Group’s licence area, including the potential to reprocess historical spoil heaps and tailings. This is 
dependent on several variables including the existence of commercial mineral deposits, availability of 
finance and mineral prices. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

12.  Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 

Company 

Cost 
At 1 January 2021 
Advances to subsidiary undertakings 
At 31 December 2021 
Advances to subsidiary undertakings 

At 31 December 2022 

Provisions for impairment 
At 1 January 2021 
Provision 
At 31 December 2021 
Provision 

At 31 December 2022 

Net book value 
At 31 December 2022 

At 31 December 2021 

Total 
€ 

7,600,098 
1,026,857 
8,626,955 

1,176,388 

9,803,343 

- 
1,703,600 
1,703,600 
1,607,700 

3,311,300 

6,492,043 

6,923,355 

Amounts  owed  by  subsidiary  undertakings  are  denominated  in  Euro,  interest  free  and  payable  on 
demand.  The Directors do not expect to call for repayment of these loans in the foreseeable future.  The 
loans  are  expected  to  be  repaid  from  future  revenues  generated  by  the  Group’s  mining  interests  in 
Nevada, USA.  

In accordance with IFRS 9, the Company has reviewed the amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings and 
calculated an expected credit loss equivalent to the lifetime expected credit loss.  As the loans are interest 
free and payable on demand, the Company applies no discount when calculating the expected credit loss 
as the effective interest rate is considered to be 0%.  Based on the calculation, the Directors have made 
an impairment provision of €1,607,700 as at 31 December 2022 (2021: €1,703,600).  The Directors believe 
the net carrying value of the amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings to be fully recoverable. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

13. 

Trade and other receivables 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Other debtors 
Tax credit receivable 
Prepayments 

Group 
2022 
€ 

85,169 
152,398 
35,320 

272,887 

Group 
2021 
€ 

Company 
2022 
€ 

Company 
2021 
€ 

81,249 
- 
29,691 

110,940 

- 
- 
35,049 

35,049 

- 
- 
29,427 

29,427 

All amounts above are current and there have been no impairment losses during the year (2021: €Nil).  

14. 

Cash and cash equivalents 

For the purposes the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash in 
hand, in bank and bank deposits with maturity of less than three months. The cash and cash equivalents 
are held with bank and financial institution counterparties, which are rated BBB+ to AA-. 

Group 
2022 
€ 

Group 
2021 
€ 

Company 
2022 
€ 

97,586 
47,611 

145,197 

287,170 
1,755,377 

2,042,547 

67,134 
29,100 

96,234 

Company 
2021 
€ 

23,315 
1,737,955 

1,761,270 

Cash in bank and in hand 
Short term bank deposit 

15. 

Trade and other payables 

Amounts falling due within one year: 
Trade payables 
Other payables 
Accruals 
Other taxation and social security 
Amounts payable to subsidiary 
undertakings 

Group 
2022 
€ 

45,716 
- 
146,778 
15,109 

Group 
2021 
€ 

46,140 
12,410 
64,633 
23,459 

Company 
2022 
€ 

Company 
2021 
€ 

11,923 
- 
92,511 
3,764 

11,313 
- 
56,654 
11,278 

- 

- 

207,603 

146,642 

61,322 

169,520 

108,948 

188,193 

The Group has financial risk management policies in place to ensure that payables are paid within the 
pre-agreed credit terms (see note 22).

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

16. 

Decommissioning provision 

Group 
2022 
€ 

Group 
2021 
€ 

Company 
2022 
€ 

Company 
2021 
€ 

Decommissioning provision 

131,421 

123,344 

- 

- 

The decommissioning provisions relate to undertakings by the Group to carry our reclamation work after 
the  completion  of  planned  work  permitted  by  the  regulator.    The  cost  of  the  reclamation  work  is 
estimated by the regulator in advance and the notice permitting operations to be conducted, together 
with the associated reclamation work, is effective for two years, subject to certain variations.  As the 
Group applies for approval of operations to be conducted within the current year where possible, the 
cost of decommissioning provision is treated as a current asset. 

17. 

Share warrants – financial liability 

The share warrants have been granted as rights to acquire additional new ordinary share of €0.0001 in 
accordance with the terms of placings completed in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 

The warrants are classified and accounted for as financial liabilities using Level 3 fair value measurement, 
with  any  change  in  fair  value  recorded  in  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement.    Level  3  fair  value 
recognises that the inputs for any asset or liability valuation are not based on observable market data. 

Group and Company  

At 1 January 2021 
Fair value of warrants at grant 
Released on exercise of warrants 
Movement in fair value of warrants liabilities 
At 31 December 2021 
Released on lapse of warrants 

Movement in fair value of warrants liabilities 

Number of 
warrants 

489,250,000 
  227,272,727 
(46,250,000) 
- 
  670,272,727 
(443,000,000) 

- 

Level 3  
Fair value 
€ 

255,654 
191,364 
(20,016) 
(330,708) 
96,294 
(47,536) 

(48,758) 

At 31 December 2022 

227,272,727 

- 

In April 2021, the Group granted warrants in connection with a share placing. 227,272,727 warrants were 
granted exercisable at £0.0030 each with immediate vesting and a contractual life of 2 years.  

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

17. 

Share warrants – financial liability (continued) 

Measure of fair values of warrants 
The fair value of the warrants issued has been measured using the binomial lattice option pricing model. 
There  are  no  service  or  non-market  performance  conditions  attached  to  the  arrangement  and  the 
warrants are considered to have vested immediately.  Expected volatility has been based on an evaluation 
of the historical volatility of the Company’s share price. The expected life is based on the contractual life 
of the warrants. 

In order to revalue the Level 3 fair value, the principal changes to the input assumptions relate to the 
expected volatility, which has been recalculated at the year-end, and the life expected life of each grant, 
which has been reduced to the  remaining life of each grant from the year-end date.  Accordingly the 
expected volatility on revaluation has decreased to a range for the grants of between 61% and 89% and 
the range of expected life reduced to approximately six months to one year and 4 months.  Other input 
assumptions remained in line with those at the original date of grant.  No sensitivity analysis has been 
provided as the results are not deemed material. 

The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at grant date of the warrants were as follows: 

Fair value at grand date 
Share price at grand date 
Exercise price 
Number of warrants granted 
Sub-optimal exercise factor 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Expected dividend 
Risk free interest rate 

Apr 2021 

£0.0007 
£0.0025 
£0.0030 
227,272,727 
1.5x 
109% 
2 years 
0% 
0.1% 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

18. 

Share capital 

Authorised at 1 January 2021 
Creation of Ordinary shares of €0.0001 each 
Authorised at 31 December 2021 

No of shares  Value of shares 
€ 

  5,000,000,000 
  2,000,000,000 
  7,000,000,000 

500,000 
200,000 
700,000 

Authorised at 1 January 2022 and 31 December 2022 

  7,000,000,000 

700,000 

Issued, called up and fully: 
At 1 January 2021 

Ordinary shares issued 
Ordinary shares issued on exercise 
of warrants 
Ordinary shares issued on exercise 
of options 
Released on exercise of warrants 

No of issued shares 
Ordinary shares 
of €0.0001 each 

Share  
capital 
€ 

Share 
premium 
€ 

Total 
capital 
€ 

3,070,714,550 

307,071 

12,543,606 

12,850,677 

454,545,455 

45,455 

916,610 

962,065 

46,250,000 

4,625 

86,203 

90,828 

6,000,000 
- 

600 
- 

5,591 
20,017 

6,191 
20,017 

At 31 December 2021 

3,577,510,005 

357,751 

13,572,027 

13,929,778 

Issued, called up and fully: 
At 1 January and 31 December 
2022 

3,577,510,005 

357,751 

13,572,027 

13,929,778 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

18. 

Share capital (continued) 

On 21 January 2021, the Company completed the issue of 15,000,000 new ordinary shares following the 
exercise of warrants granted in conjunction with the placing in July 2020. The exercise price was £0.0020 
(€0.0023) per ordinary share, raising gross proceeds of £30,000 (€33,850) and increasing share capital by 
€1,500. The premium arising on the issue amounted to €32,350. 

On 12 February 2021, the Company completed the issue of 31,250,000 new ordinary shares following the 
exercise of warrants granted in conjunction with the placing in November 2019. The exercise price was 
£0.0016 (€0.0018) per ordinary share, raising gross proceeds of £50,000 (€56,978) and increasing share 
capital by €3,125. The premium arising on the issue amounted to €53,853. 

On 15 February 2021, the Company completed the issue of 6,000,000 new ordinary shares following the 
exercise of options granted in April 2020. The exercise price was £0.0009 (€0.0010) per ordinary share, 
raising gross proceeds of £5,400 (€6,191) and increasing share capital by €600. The premium arising on 
the issue amounted to €5,591. 

On 13 April 2021, the Company completed a placing for 454,545,455 new ordinary shares of €0.0001 with 
227,272,727 warrants, whereby the placees received one new ordinary share and, for every two new 
ordinary shares received, a warrant giving the right to one additional new ordinary share of €0.0001 (“the 
Placing Share”).  Each Placing Share was issued at a price of £0.0022 (€0.0025) raising gross proceeds of 
£1,000,000  (€1,153,429)  and  increasing  share  capital  by  €45,455.  The  premium  arising  on  the  issue 
amounted to €916,610. The warrants were granted with an exercise price of £0.0030 and a fair value of 
€191,364.  The warrants remain unexercised at 31 December 2021.   

The Company did not issue shares during the year and accordingly there were no transaction expenses 
(31 December 2021: €69,206). No share warrants were exercised during the year, although the exercise 
of warrants during the year ended 31 December 2021 resulted in the release of 20,017 from the share 
warrant financial liability. 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

19. 

Share based payments 

Share options 
The Great Western Mining Corporation PLC operates a share options scheme, “Share Option Plan 2014”, 
which entitles directors and employees to purchase ordinary shares in the Company at the market value 
of a share on the award date, subject to a maximum aggregate of 10% of the issued share capital of the 
Company on that date. 

Measure of fair values of options 
The fair value of the options granted has been measured using the binomial lattice option pricing model. 
The input used in the measurement of the fair value at grant date of the options were as follows: 

Fair value at grant date 
Share price at grant date 
Exercise price 
Number of options granted 
Vesting conditions 
Expected volatility 
Sub-optimal exercise factor 
Expected life 
Expected dividend 
Risk free interest rate 

23 Feb 2022 

1 Nov 2021 

€0.0011 
€0.0016                        
€0.0016 
57,500,000 
Immediate 
107.8% 
4x 
7 years 
0% 
0.18% 

€0.0012 
€0.0017 
€0.0012 
18,000,000 
Immediate 
107% 
4x 
7 years 
0% 
0.1% 

During  the  year,  the  Group  recognised  a  total  expense  of  €63,795  (2021:  €54,001)  in  the  income 
statement relating to share options granted during the year. During the prior year, an amount of €4,777 
was released from the share options reserve to retained earnings on the exercise of 6,000,000 options 
granted in April 2020 and an amount of €296,867 was released from the share options reserve to retained 
earnings  representing the  fair  value  of  certain  options  terminated  originally granted  between  January 
2017 and April 2020. 

Number of 
options 

Average 
exercise price 

112,000,000 
18,000,000 
(6,000,000) 
(38,333,333) 

Stg0.64 p 
Stg0.123 p 
Stg0.09 p 
Stg0.98 p 

85,666,667 
57,500,000 

Stg0.62 p 
Stg0.13 p 

143,166,667 

143,166,667 

85,666,667 

Stg0.29 p 

Stg0.29 p 

Stg0.62 p 

Outstanding at 1 January 2021 
Granted 
Exercised 
Terminated 

Authorised at 31 December 2021 
Granted 

Outstanding at 31 December 2022 

Exercisable at 31 December 2022 

Exercisable at 31 December 2021 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

19. 

Share based payments (continued) 

Share options (continued) 
On  31  December  2022,  there  were  options  over  143,166,667  ordinary  shares  outstanding  (2021: 
85,666,667) which are exercisable at prices ranging from Stg0.09 pence to Stg1.6 pence and which expire 
at various dates up to February 2029. The weighted average remaining contractual life of the options 
outstanding is 4 years 9 months (2021: 4 years 10 months). 

Equity-settled warrants 

In April 2021, the Group granted broker warrants in connection with a share placing. 22,727,272 warrants 
were granted exercisable at £0.0030 each with immediate vesting and a contractual life of 2 years. 

Measure of fair values of warrants 
The fair value of the warrants issued has been measured using the binomial lattice option pricing model. 
There  are  no  service  or  non-market  performance  conditions  attached  to  the  arrangement  and  the 
warrants are considered to have vested immediately. 

The inputs used in the measurement of the fair values at grant date of the warrants were as follows 

Fair value at grand date 
Share price at grand date 
Exercise price 
Number of warrants granted 
Sub-optimal exercise factor 
Expected volatility 
Expected life 
Expected dividend 
Risk free interest rate 

Apr 2021 

€0.0009 
€0.0029 
€0.0022 
22,727,272 
1.5x 
109% 
2 years 
0% 
0.1% 

In July 2021, the broker warrants over 1,925,000 shares granted in July 2018 lapsed unexercised and the 
amount of €13,865 released from the share-based payment reserve to share premium. 

In  November  2022,  broker  warrants  granted  in  November  2020  over  20,000,000  shares  lapsed 
unexercised  and  an  amount  of  €13,707  released  from  the  share-based  payment  reserve  to  retained 
earnings.  

At 31 December 2021, the balance on the share-based payment reserve amounted to €368,709 (2021: 
€318,621). 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

20. 

Retained losses 

In accordance with Section 304 of the Companies Act 2014, the Company has not presented a separate 
income  statement.  Of  the  consolidated loss  after  taxation,  a loss  of  €2,039,355  for  the  financial year 
ended  31  December  2022  (2021:  loss  of  €1,806,173)  has  been  dealt  with  in  the  Company  income 
statement of Great Western Mining Corporation PLC. 

21. 

Related party transactions 

Intercompany transactions 
In  accordance  with  International  Accounting  Standards  24  –  Related  Party  Disclosures,  transactions 
between Group entities that have been eliminated on consolidation are not disclosed. 

The Company entered in the following transactions with its subsidiary companies: 

Balances at 31 December: 
Amounts owed by subsidiary undertakings 
Amounts owed to subsidiary undertakings 

2022 
€ 

2021 
€ 

6,492,043 
(61,322) 

6,923,355 
(108,948) 

Remuneration of key management personnel 
Details  of  the  directors’  remuneration  for  the  year  is  set  out  in  Note  5.  Information  about  the 
remuneration  of  each  director  is  shown  in  the  Remuneration  Report  on  page  13.  The  directors  are 
considered to be the Group’s key management personnel.  

Short-term benefits: 
Pension contributions 
Share-based payments 

2022 
€ 
311,335 
- 
43,269 
354,604 

2021 
€ 
313,910 
- 
54,001 

367,911 

The Group also entered into related party transactions with Andrew Hay Advisory Limited for corporate 
finance  advice  services  and  Sofabar  Consulting  Limited  for  marketing  services  which  are  companies 
connected with Andrew Hay and Alastair Ford respectively.  The companies each received €15,245 in the 
period (2021: €14,535). There was a €nil balance outstanding with both companies as at 31 December 
2022 (2021: €nil).  Details of the directors’ interests in the share capital of the Company are set out in the 
Directors’ Report on pages 9 to 10. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management 

Group 

A.  Accounting classifications and fair values 
The following table shows the carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities, 
including their levels in the fair value hierarchy. It does not include fair value information for financial 
assets  and  financial  liabilities  not  measured  at  fair  value  if  the  carrying  amount  is  a  reasonable 
approximation  of  fair  value.  The  Group  does  not  recognise  any  Level  1  fair  value  financial  assets  or 
liabilities. 

31 December 2022 

FVTPL 

€ 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
€ 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 

Carrying 
amount 
total 

Level 2 
Fair value 

Level 3 
Fair value 

€ 

€ 

€ 

€ 

Financial assets not measured 
at fair value 
Cash and cash equivalent 

Financial liabilities measured 
at fair value 
Share warrants 

Financial liabilities measured 
at fair value 
Decommissioning provision 
Trade and other payables 

- 

145,197 

- 

145,197 

145,197 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

- 

(131,421) 
(207,603) 
(339,024) 

(131,421) 
(207,603) 
(339,024) 

(131,421) 
(207,603) 
(339,024) 

- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

31 December 2021 

FVTPL 

€ 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
€ 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 

Carrying 
amount 
total 

Level 2 
Fair value 

Level 3 
Fair value 

€ 

€ 

€ 

Financial assets not measured 
at fair value 
Cash and cash equivalent 

-  2,042,547 

-  2,042,547  2,042,547 

€ 

- 

Financial liabilities measured 
at fair value 
Share warrants 

(96,294) 

Financial liabilities measured 
at fair value 
Decommissioning provision 
Trade and other payables 

- 
- 
- 

- 

- 
- 
- 

- 

(96,294) 

- 

(96,294) 

(123,344) 
(146,642) 
(269,986) 

(123,344) 
(146,642) 
(269,986) 

(123,344) 
(146,642) 
(269,986) 

- 
- 
- 

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Measurement of fair values 
A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for 
both  financial  and  non-financial  assets  and  liabilities.    Significant  valuation  issues  are  reported  to  the 
Group’s audit committee. 

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as 
possible. Fair values are categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used 
in the valuation techniques as follows. 

•  Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. 
•  Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or 

liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices). 

•  Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable 

inputs). 

Set out below are the major methods and assumptions used in estimating the fair values of the financial 
assets and liabilities set out in the table above: 

Cash and cash equivalents including short-term deposits 
For short-term deposits and cash and cash equivalents, all of which have a remaining maturity of less than 
three months, the nominal value is deemed to reflect the fair value. 

Share warrants 
For the financial liabilities from share warrants, the Level 3 fair value is based on the revaluation of the 
warrants  at  the  year-end,  including  the  changes  to  key  input  assumptions  for  expected  volatility  and 
expected exercise life. 

Decommissioning provision 
The fair value is based on expected costs determined in line with estimates provided by the regulator. 

Trade and other payables 
For the payables with a remaining maturity of less than six months or demand balances, the contractual 
amount payable less impairment provisions, where necessary, is deemed to reflect fair value. 

B.  Financial risk management 
The  Board  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  establishment  and  oversight  of  the  risk  management 
framework for each of the risks summarised below.  The Board receives regular reports at board meetings 
through which it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness of the 
objectives and policies it sets. 

The Group’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, 
to set appropriate risk limits and controls and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management 
policies  and  systems  are  reviewed  regularly  to  reflect  changes  in  market  conditions  and  the  Group’s 
activities. The Group, through its training and management standards and procedures, aims to maintain 
a disciplined and constructive control environment in which all employees understand their roles and 
obligations.   

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

The Group has exposure to the following risks arising from financial instruments:  

a)  Credit risk 
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument 
fails  to  meet  its  contractual  obligations.    The  Group’s  principal  credit  risk  arises  on  cash  and  cash 
equivalents, including deposits with banks.  The cash and cash equivalents are held with bank and financial 
institution counterparties, which are rated BBB+ to AA- by Fitch Ratings. 

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum credit 
exposure to credit risk is: 

Trade and other debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Group 
2022 
€ 
272,887 
145,197 

418,084 

Group 
2021 
€ 
110,940 
2,042,547 

2,153,487 

b) Liquidity risk 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with 
its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group’s objective 
when managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its 
liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable 
losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation. The Group closely monitors and manages its liquidity 
risk using both short and long-term cash flow projections.  Cash forecasts are regularly produced, and 
sensitivities run for different scenarios including changes to planned work programmes.  To date, the 
Group has relied on shareholder funding to finance its operations.  Board approval would be required for 
any borrowing facilities and the Group did not have any bank loan facilities at 31 December 2022 or 31 
December 2021. 

The expected maturity of the Group’s financial assets (excluding prepayments) as at 31 December 2022 
and 31 December 2021 was less than one month. 

The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  the  financial  liabilities  including  estimated  interest 
payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements: 

31 December 2022 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Accruals 
Share warrant provision 
Decommissioning provision 

Carrying 
amount 
€ 

Contractual 
cashflows 
€ 

45,716 
- 
146,778 
- 
131,421 
323,915 

45,716 
- 
146,778 
- 
131,421 
323,915 

0-6 
months 
€ 

45,716 
- 
146,778 
- 
- 
192,494 

6-12 
months 
€ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
131,421 
131,421 

1-2 
years 
€ 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

b) Liquidity risk (continued) 

31 December 2021 

Trade payables 
Other payables 
Accruals 
Share warrant provision 
Decommissioning provision 

Carrying 
amount 
€ 

Contractual 
cashflows 
€ 

46,140 
12,410 
64,633 
96,294 
123,344 
342,821 

46,140 
12,410 
64,633 
96,294 
123,344 
342,821 

0-6 
months 
€ 

46,140 
12,410 
64,633 
- 
- 
123,183 

6-12 
months 
€ 

- 
- 
- 
47,536 
123,344 
170,880 

1-2 
years 
€ 

- 
- 
- 
48,758 
- 
48,758 

c) Market risk 
Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices and indices will affect the Group’s income or the 
value of its holdings of financial instruments.  The Group has two principal types of market risk being 
foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. 

The Group’s operates in an industry with financial risks arising from changes in commodity prices.  At 
present the Group does not have revenue-generating operations but the Directors keep the requirement 
for  hedging  instruments  under  review.  During  the  year,  the  Group  did  not  enter  into  any  hedging 
transactions. 

Foreign currency risk 
The  Group  presentational  and  functional  currency  is  the  Euro.    The  Group  conducts  and  manages  its 
business in Euro, US Dollars and GB Pounds in accordance with liabilities of the parent company and 
subsidiary undertakings.  The Group therefore routinely purchases on the spot market the currencies of 
the countries in which it operates. From time to time certain transactions are undertaken denominated 
in other currencies. The risk is managed wherever possible by holding currency in Euro, US Dollars and 
GB Pounds.  During the years ended 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021, the Group did not utilise 
derivatives to manage foreign currency risk.  The Group also recognises translation risk on consolidation 
as a foreign currency risk. 

The  Group’s  exposure  to  transactional  foreign  currency  risk,  for  amounts  included  in  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and trade and other payables (as shown on the balance sheet), is as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other payables 

GB 
Pounds 
2022 
€ 
69,150 
(4,422) 

64,728 

US 
Dollars 
2022 
€ 
25,683 
- 

25,683 

GB Pounds 
Euro 
2021 
2022 
€ 
€ 
-  1,752,756 
(4,455) 
- 
-  1,748,301 

US 
Dollars 
2021 
€ 
- 
- 

- 

Euro 
2021 
€ 
- 
- 

- 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Foreign currency risk (continued) 
Sensitivity analysis 
A 10% strengthening or weakening in the value of sterling and the euro against the US dollar, based on 
the outstanding financial assets and liabilities at 31 December 2022 (2021: 10%), would have the following 
impact on the income statement. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, 
remain constant. 

Trade and other debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Tax impact 
After tax 

10%  
increase 
2022 
€ 

10% 
decrease 
2022 
€ 

9,483 
(888) 
8,595 
- 

8,595 

(9,483) 
888 
(8,595) 
- 

(8,595) 

10% 
increase 
2021 
€ 

175,276 
(446) 
174,830 
- 

174,830 

10% 
decrease 
2021 
€ 

(175,276) 
446 
(174,830) 
- 

(174,830) 

Interest rate risk 
The Group’s exposure to the risk of changes in market interest rates relates primarily to the Group and 
Company’s holdings of cash and short-term deposits. It is the Group and Company’s policy as part of its 
management of the budgetary process to place surplus funds on short term deposit from time to time 
where interest is earned.  The Group did not have any bank loan facilities at 31 December 2022 or 31 
December 2021. 

The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments at 31 December 2022 was 
as follows: 

Fixed 
rate 
2022 
€ 
- 
- 
- 

Floating 
rate 
2022 
€ 
47,611 
-  
47,611 

Total 
2022 
€ 

47,611 
- 
47,611 

Floating 
Fixed 
rate 
rate 
2021 
2021 
€ 
€ 
-  1,755,377 
- 
- 
-  1,755,377 

Total 
2021 
€ 

1,755,377 
- 
1,755,377 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Tax impact 

Cash flow sensitivity analysis 

The Company’s approach to the management of financial risk is as set out under the Group disclosures 
above.  The  accounting  classification  for  each  class  of  the  Company’s  financial  assets  and  financial 
liabilities, together with their fair values, is as follows: 

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Interest rate risk (continued) 
An increase of 500 basis points (2021: 100 basis points) or decrease of 500 basis points (2021: 1 basis 
point) in interest rates at the reporting date would have had the following effect on the income statement. 
This analysis assumes all other variables, in particular foreign currency, remain constant. 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Tax impact 
After tax 

500 bps  
increase 
2022 
€ 

500bps 
decrease 
2022 
€ 

238 
- 

238 

(238) 
- 

(238) 

100 bps 
increase 
2021 
€ 

17,554 
- 

17,554 

1 bps 
decrease 
2021 
€ 

(176) 
- 

(176) 

The Group has no interest bearing loans outstanding at 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2021. As 
there are no variable rate loans, there is no potential impact to profit and loss from a change in interest 
rates. 

Company 

A.  Accounting classifications and fair values 

The Company’s approach to the management of financial risk is as set out under the Group disclosures 
above. 

The  accounting  classification  for  each  class  of  the  Company’s  financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities, 
together with their fair values, is as follows: 

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued)

31 December 2022 

Financial assets  
measured at fair value 
Amounts owed by subsidiary 
undertakings 

Financial assets not 
measured at fair value 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities  
measured at fair value 
Share warrants 

Financial liabilities not 
measured at fair value 
Trade and other payables 

31 December 2021 

Financial assets  
measured at fair value 
Amounts owed by subsidiary 
undertakings 

Financial assets not 
measured at fair value 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities  
measured at fair value 
Share warrants 

Financial liabilities not 
measured at fair value 
Trade and other payables 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
€ 

FVTPL 
€ 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
€ 

Carrying 
amount 
total 
€ 

Level 2 
Fair value 
€ 

Level 3 
Fair value 
€ 

6,492,043 

- 

-  6,492,043 

-  6,492,043 

- 

96,234 

- 

96,234 

96,234 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(108,198) 

(108,198) 

(108,198) 

- 

- 

- 

Financial 
assets at 
amortised 
cost 
€ 

FVTPL 
€ 

Other 
financial 
liabilities 
€ 

Carrying 
amount 
total 
€ 

Level 2 
Fair value 
€ 

Level 3 
Fair value 
€ 

6,923,355 

- 

-  6,923,355 

-  6,923,355 

-  1,761,270 

-  1,761,270  1,761,270 

- 

(96,294) 

- 

- 

(96,294) 

- 

(96,294) 

- 

- 

(79,245) 

(79,245) 

(79,245) 

- 

The Company does not recognise any Level 1 fair value financial assets or liabilities. 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Measurement of fair values 
The Company’s basis for the measurement of fair values is as set out under the Group disclosures above. 

Amounts due from subsidiary companies 
The amounts due from subsidiary undertakings are technically repayable on demand and so the carrying 
value is deemed to reflect fair value. The estimation of other fair values is the same, where appropriate, 
as for the Group as set out in above. 

Risk exposures 
The Company’s operations expose it to the risks as set out for the Group above. 

This note presents information about the Company’s exposure to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk, 
the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk. Unless stated, the 
policy and process for measuring risk in the Company is the same as outlined for the Group above. 

Credit risk 
The carrying value of financial assets, net of impairment provisions, represents the Company’s maximum 
exposure at the balance sheet date.  The maximum credit exposure to credit risk is: 

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings 
Trade and other debtors 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Company 
2022 
€ 

6,492,043 
35,049 
96,234 
6,623,326 

Company 
2021 
€ 

6,923,355 
29,427 
1,761,270 
8,714,052 

At the balance sheet date, there was deemed to be a reduction in credit risk related to the loans due from 
subsidiary undertakings.  The loans are expected to be recovered from future revenues generated by the 
Group’s assets in Nevada, USA.  A lifetime expected credit loss was calculated and a partial impairment 
provision  of  €1,607,700  has  been  made  against  the  carrying  value  of  the  loans  due  from  subsidiary 
undertakings (2021: €1,703,600) (see note 12).  The expected credit loss calculation involved considering 
the  maximum  amount  exposed  to  default,  the  potential  loss  arising  on  default  and  the  probability  of 
default in the judgement of the Directors.  

The Directors are satisfied that no further impairment is considered to have occurred. 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Notes to the Financial Statements (continued), 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

22. 

Financial instruments and financial risk management (continued) 

Liquidity risk 
The liquidity risk for the Company is similar to that for the Group as set out above.  

The  following  are  the  contractual  maturities  of  the  financial  liabilities  including  estimated  interest 
payments and excluding the impact of netting agreements: 

31 December 2022 

Trade payables 
Accruals 
Share warrant provision 

31 December 2021 

Trade payables 
Accruals 
Share warrant provision 

Carrying 
amount 
€ 
11,923 
92,511 
- 
104,434 

Contractual 
cashflows 
€ 
11,923 
92,511 
- 
104,434 

0-6 
months 
€ 
11,923 
92,511 
- 
104,434 

Carrying 
amount 
€ 
11,313 
56,654 
96,294 
164,261 

Contractual 
cashflows 
€ 
11,313 
56,654 
96,294 
164,261 

0-6 
months 
€ 
11,313 
56,654 
- 
67,967 

6-12 
months 
€ 
- 
- 
- 
- 

6-12 
months 
€ 
- 
- 
47,536 
47,536 

1-2 
years 
€ 
- 
- 
- 
- 

1-2 
years 
€ 
- 
- 
48,758 
48,758 

Market risk 
The market risk for the Company is similar to that for the Group as set out above. The Company’s exposure 
to transactional foreign currency risk, including the associated sensitivities, is the same as the Group’s as 
set out above. 

23. 

Post balance sheet events 

On 30 January 2023, the Company granted a total of 52,000,000 share options with an exercise price of 
£0.0009 per share and an option life of seven years.  The options vested immediately and exercise is 
subject to performance conditions being a minimum 50% uplift in the share price.  Included in the option 
grant were 39,000,000 options granted to directors.  Brian Hall, Robert O’Connell and Max Williams were 
granted  10,000,000  options  each  and  Gemma  Cryan,  Alastair  Ford  and  Andrew  Hay  were  granted 
3,000,000 options each.   

24. 

Approval of financial statements 

The financial statements were approved by the Board on 17 May 2023.  

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors and Other Information 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Directors 

Registered office 

Secretary 

Auditor 

Bankers 

Registrar 

70 

Brian Hall (Executive Chairman) 
Max Williams (Finance Director) 
Robert O’Connell (Operations Director) 
Andrew Hay (Non-Executive Director) 
Alastair Ford (Non-Executive Director) 
Gemma Cryan (Non-Executive Director) 

1 Stokes Place 
St. Stephen’s Green 
Dublin DO2 DE03 
Ireland 

Max Williams 

PKF O’Connor, Leddy & Holmes Limited 
Chartered Accountants 
Century House 
Harold’s Cross Road 
Harold’s Cross 
Dublin D6W P993 
Ireland 

HSBC Bank PLC 
60 Queen Victoria Street 
London EC4N 4TR 
United Kingdom 

Bank of Ireland 
Custom House Quay 
Wexford 
Co. Wexford Y35 X602 
Ireland 

Wells Fargo Bank 
2070 Idaho Street 
Elko 
Nevada 89801 
U.S.A 

Computershare Investor Services (Ireland) Limited 
3100 Lake Drive 
Citywest Business Campus 
Dublin D24 AK82 
Ireland 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Great Western Mining Corporation PLC 

Directors and Other Information (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2022 

Solicitors 

AIM Nominated Advisor, Euronext Growth Advisor 
and Broker 

AIM Joint Broker 

Pinsent Masons 
1 Windmill Lane 
Dublin 2 
D02 F206 
Ireland 

Davy Corporate Finance 
Davy House 
49 Dawson Street 
Dublin 2 
Ireland 

S.P. Angel Corporate Finance LLP 
Prince Frederick House 
London W1S 2PP 
United Kingdom 

Registered number 

392620 

Date of incorporation 

20 October 2004 

Website 

www.greatwesternmining.com 

 71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
www.greatwesternmining.com