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Green Dot Corporation
Annual Report 2015

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FY2015 Annual Report · Green Dot Corporation
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2015

ANNUAL REPORT

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
__________________________________________________

FORM 10-K 

  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
OR

  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to

Commission file number 001-34819

GREEN DOT CORPORATION

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

95-4766827
(IRS Employer Identification No.)

3465 E. Foothill Blvd.
Pasadena, California 91107
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(626) 765-2000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Class A Common Stock, $0.001 par value
(Title of each class)

New York Stock Exchange
(Name of each exchange on which registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
__________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has 
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive 
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 
months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes 

 No 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained 
herein,  and  will  not  be  contained,  to  the  best  of  registrant’s  knowledge,  in  definitive  proxy  or  information  statements  incorporated  by 
reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting 
company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 
(Check one):

     Large accelerated filer 

Accelerated filer 

Non-accelerated filer 

Smaller reporting company 

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes 

 No 

The  aggregate  market  value  of  the  common  equity  held  by  non-affiliates  of  the  registrant  (assuming  for  these  purposes,  but  without 
conceding, that all executive officers, directors and 10% or greater stockholders are "affiliates" of the registrant) as of June 30, 2015, the 
last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was approximately $895.6 million (based on the closing 
sale price of the registrant's common stock on that date as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).

There were 50,113,873 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.001 per share (which number does not include 1,518,512 shares 
of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of Series A Convertible Junior Participating Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock) 
as of January 31, 2016.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement relating to the registrant’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be held on or about May 
23, 2016, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K where indicated.

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I.

Item 1.

Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 1A. Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Item 5.

Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Legal Proceedings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mine Safety Disclosures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART II.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases 
of Equity Securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 6.
Item 7.

Selected Financial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . .

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 8.

Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure . .

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 9B. Other Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

PART III.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 11.

Executive Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 12.

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 14.

Principal Auditor Fees and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Item 15.

PART IV.
Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Signature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Exhibit Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to 
the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed 
to  be  forward-looking  statements. These  statements  are  based  on  current  expectations,  estimates,  forecasts  and 
projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such 
as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” 
“endeavors,” “strives,” “may” and “assumes,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify 
forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, 
our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances 
are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are subject to risks, 
uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those identified below, under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk 
Factors,” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed 
in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for 
any reason.

In this report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, “Green Dot,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer 
to Green Dot Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, the term “GPR cards” refers to general purpose reloadable 
prepaid debit cards, the term “prepaid cards” refers to prepaid debit cards and the term “our cards” refers to our Green 
Dot-branded and co-branded GPR cards. In addition, “prepaid financial services” refers to GPR cards and associated 
reload services, a segment of the prepaid card industry.

ITEM 1. Business

Overview

PART I

Green Dot Corporation, along with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, is a pro-consumer financial technology innovator 
with a mission to provide a full range of affordable and accessible financial services to the masses. We are the largest 
provider of reloadable prepaid debit cards and cash reload processing services in the United States. We are also a 
leader in mobile technology and mobile banking with our award-winning GoBank mobile checking account and a top 
20 debit card issuer among all banks and credit unions in the country. Through our wholly-owned subsidiary, SBBT 
Holdings, LLC (“TPG”), we are also the largest processor of tax refund disbursements in the U.S. Our products and 
services are available to consumers through a large-scale "branchless bank" distribution network of more than 100,000
U.S. retail locations, thousands of neighborhood financial service center locations, online, in the leading app stores, 
and through approximately 25,000 tax preparation offices and leading online tax preparation providers.

The  combination  of  our  innovative  products  and  services,  broad  retail  distribution  and  proprietary  technology 
creates powerful network effects, which we believe enhance the value we deliver to our customers, our retail distributors 
and other participants in our network.

We were incorporated in Delaware in October 1999 as Next Estate Communications, Inc. and changed our name 
to Green Dot Corporation in October 2005. We completed our initial public offering of Class A common stock in July 
2010. In December 2011, we became a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as 
amended (the "BHC Act"), as a result of our acquisition of Bonneville Bancorp, the holding company of Bonneville 
Bank, a state-chartered Utah bank. The bank was subsequently renamed Green Dot Bank and we became a member 
bank of the Federal Reserve System. In 2014 and 2015, we made four acquisitions, including TPG, adding tax refund 
processing services to the range of products and services we provide.

Our principal executive offices are located at 3465 East Foothill Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91107, and our 
telephone number is (626) 765-2000. We maintain a website at www.greendot.com. We make available free of charge, 
on  or  through  our  website  via  the  Investor  Relations  section  at  ir.greendot.com,  our  annual  report  on  Form  10-K, 
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished 
pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material 
electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. References to website 
addresses in this report are intended to be inactive textual references only, and none of the information contained on 
our website is part of this report or incorporated in this report by reference.

Segments

As of December 31, 2014 and prior, our operations were organized within one reportable segment. As a result of 
acquisitions occurring in late 2014 and early 2015, we have realigned our operations into two reportable segments: 1) 
Account Services and 2) Processing and Settlement Services. We identify our reportable segments based on factors 
such as how we manage our operations and how our chief operating decision maker allocates resources amongst the 
business. Our chief operating decision maker organizes and manages our business primarily on the basis of product 
and service offerings and uses operating income to assess profitability.  Financial information regarding our segments 
and the products and services they provide are included in the information set forth in Item 7. Management’s Discussion 
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 23—Segment Information of the consolidated 
financial statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 

Our Business Model

Our  business  model  focuses  on  three  major  elements:  our  consumers;  our  products  and  services;  and  our 

distribution channels.

Our Consumers

We have designed our products and services to appeal primarily to consumers living in U.S. households that earn 

less than $75,000 annually across the following five consumer segments:

•  Unbanked — individuals who do not have a bank account;

•  Underbanked — individuals who may hold a bank account of one type or another, but do not maintain sufficient 
balances or hold a sufficient enough credit standing to allow that individual to engage fully in the bank's offerings;

•  Unhappily banked — individuals who hold a bank account, but are seeking alternative solutions to that account;

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•  New to banking — individuals who are coming of age or otherwise want or need a bank account, but have not 

acquired one;

•  Millennials — characterized as younger Americans who have grown up in a mobile-based, technology-driven 
world  and  who have  distinct expectations  and  attitudes  related  to  how  they  choose  and  consume  various 
products and services, including financial services.

Based on data from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, the Federal Reserve Bank, the U.S. 
Census, the Center for Financial Services Innovation and our proprietary data, we believe the addressable portions 
of these five consumer segments collectively represent a market opportunity of approximately 160 million people in 
the United States for our products and services.

Our Products and Services

Our principal products and services consist of branded and private label deposit account programs (collectively 

"Account Services"), and processing and settlement services. 

Account Services

Our  branded  deposit  account  programs  include  Green  Dot-branded  and  affinity-branded  general  purpose 
reloadable ("GPR") card accounts, checking accounts and open-loop gift cards. We also have the ability to provide 
private label GPR card accounts on behalf of a retailer or other third party entity. Private label cards generally bear the 
trademarks or logos of the retail distributor or business entity, and our trademark on the packaging and back of the 
card. These cards have the same features and characteristics as our Green Dot-branded GPR cards, and are accepted 
at the same locations. We typically are responsible for managing all aspects of these programs, including strategy, 
product design, marketing, customer service, operations and compliance with our subsidiary bank serving as the card's 
issuer. Currently, our only private label program is the Walmart MoneyCard.

Our GPR card accounts are prepaid debit accounts issued by Green Dot Bank (or other partner banks) with deposits 
on those cards insured by the FDIC. GPR cards are designed for general spending purposes and are reloadable for 
ongoing long-term use. 

To purchase a GPR card in a retail store location, consumers typically select the temporary GPR card from an in-
store display and pay the cashier a one-time purchase fee plus the initial amount they would like to load onto their 
card. Our GPR cards can also be obtained online and in the mail through our direct marketing efforts. Consumers then 
go online, use a mobile device, or call a toll-free number to register their personal information with us so that we can 
activate their card. As explained below, consumers can then reload their GPR cards using our processing and settlement 
services. Funds can also be loaded on the card via direct deposit of various disbursements, such as a customer’s 
payroll check.

Our GPR cards are issued as Visa- or MasterCard-branded cards and can be used by consumers at merchants 
that accept these brands. Our cardholders can also conduct cash withdrawal transactions at ATMs that accept our 
cards, which includes the substantial majority of ATMs located in the United States.

For regulatory compliance, risk management, operational and other reasons, our GPR cards are not anonymous 
and require the customer to provide us with their personal information necessary to ensure to the satisfaction of Green 
Dot Bank that it has a reasonable belief that it knows the true identity of its customers.

Checking Accounts. We offer innovative checking account products, such as GoBank, that allow customers to 
acquire and manage their checking account entirely through a mobile application available on smartphone devices. 
Our GoBank product is available nationwide via GoBank.com and through a downloadable app on leading app stores, 
as well as off the rack at Walmart stores nationwide. 

Open Loop Gift Cards. We offer general purpose, non-reloadable gift cards. These Visa- or MasterCard-branded 
gift cards can be used by consumers to make purchases wherever Visa or MasterCard is accepted. Funds loaded 
onto gift cards are not insured by the FDIC, nor is it required that the customer provide personal identifiable information 
in order to use the product.

Processing and Settlement Services

Our processing and settlement services include both our reload services and tax refund processing services.

Reload Services. We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers use our reload services through the Green 
Dot Network. We offer consumers affordable and convenient ways to reload any of our GPR cards and cards from 
more than 120 third-party prepaid card programs (our network acceptance members), and conduct other cash loading 
transactions through the Green Dot Network using retailers’ specially-enabled point of sale ("POS") devices. Consumers 

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can add funds directly to accounts we issue and accounts issued by our network acceptance members, to the extent 
those accounts are eligible to receive recurring deposits, through an automated POS swipe reload transaction. To 
complete transactions, consumers pay the cashier the desired amount to be reloaded, plus a service fee, and funds 
are  reloaded  onto  the  GPR  card  at  the  point  of  sale  without  further  action  required  on  the  part  of  the  consumer. 
Historically, consumers were also able to conduct cash loading transactions using our MoneyPak PIN product, which 
prior to 2014 was offered in all of the retail locations where our GPR cards were sold. We began phasing out the 
MoneyPak PIN product in 2014 and discontinued offering that product by the end of the first quarter of 2015. We plan 
to  introduce  a  next-generation  MoneyPak  product  in  the  first  half  of  2016  across  the  store  locations  of  our  retail 
distributors.  

Tax Refund Processing Services. We provide the processing technology that facilitates the receipt of a taxpayer's 
refund proceeds. We generate tax refund processing service revenues when a customer of a third party tax preparation 
company chooses to pay their tax preparation fee using our tax refund processing services, whereby we deduct the 
costs of the tax preparation service and our processing service from the taxpayer's refund, and remit the remaining 
net balance to the taxpayer per their instructions. 

Our Distribution Channels

We  achieve  broad  distribution  of  our  products  and  services  through  distribution  arrangements  with  more  than 
100,000 "brick and mortar" retail locations, digital and direct mail customer acquisition sources, and the leading app 
stores. Accounts issued by us or our network acceptance members can be reloaded at these brick and mortar retail 
locations. 

Most of our arrangements for brick and mortar retail locations have been in effect with our distributors for several 
years. These retail distributors have contracts with us, subject to termination rights, which expire at various dates 
through 2020. In general, our agreements with our retail distributors give us the right to offer GPR deposit account 
programs and reload services in their retail locations and require us to share with them by way of commissions the 
revenues generated through sales of these cards and reload services. We and the retail distributors generally also 
agree to certain marketing arrangements, such as promotions and advertising. 

  Our  Relationship  with  Walmart.  Walmart  is  our  largest  retail  distributor.  Green  Dot  Corporation  has  been  the 
provider of Walmart-branded GPR cards sold at Walmart since the initiation of the Walmart MoneyCard program in 
2007, and Green Dot Bank has been the issuer of those cards since early 2014. Pursuant to our agreement with 
Walmart, Green Dot designs and delivers the Walmart MoneyCard product and provides all ongoing program support, 
including network IT, regulatory and legal compliance, website functionality, customer service and loss management. 
Walmart displays and sells the cards and Green Dot Bank serves as the issuer of the cards and holds the associated 
FDIC-insured deposits. All Walmart MoneyCard products are reloadable exclusively on the Green Dot Network. In 
2013, we began offering our Green Dot-branded cards at Walmart, providing consumers the choice to purchase either 
Green  Dot-branded  cards  or  any  of  the  Walmart  MoneyCard  products,  and  during  the  fourth  quarter  of  2014,  our 
GoBank checking account product was launched and made available in a retail setting at Walmart. Our operating 
revenues derived from products and services sold at the store locations of Walmart represented approximately 46%, 
54%, and 64% of our total operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. 

The term of our Walmart MoneyCard agreement expires on May 1, 2020, with an automatic renewal clause for an 
additional period of two years, subject to certain terms as discussed in the agreement.  This agreement can in limited 
circumstances, such as our failure to meet agreed-upon service levels and certain changes in control, be terminated 
by Walmart on relatively short notice.

Direct Channels. An increasing portion of our account sales are generated from digital and direct mail customer 
acquisition sources and we expect this trend to accelerate over time. Customers who acquire our accounts through 
these channels and pass identity verification typically receive an unfunded card in the mail and then can reload the 
card either through a cash reload or an ACH deposit transaction. 

Network Acceptance Members. A large number of program managers that offer their own prepaid cards accept 
funds through the Green Dot Network. We provide reload services to more than 120 third-party prepaid card programs, 
including programs offered by UniRush and H&R Block. MasterCard’s RePower Reload Network also uses the Green 
Dot Network to facilitate cash reloads for its own member programs. In addition, we provide reload services to other 
kinds of financial services firms and their customers.

Tax Preparation Businesses. Our tax refund processing services are available to consumers through tax preparers 
in three core distribution channels: franchise tax preparers, independent tax preparers utilizing professional tax software, 
and taxpayers utilizing online tax preparation services. In general, our distribution agreements consist of revenue-
sharing arrangements under which we allow our channel partners to access and utilize our processing and settlement 

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technology as part of the tax preparation process. When our processing technology is utilized, a fee is paid by the 
consumer that is shared, subject to various terms of each particular distribution agreement, between the distribution 
partners and us.

Sales and Marketing

The primary objectives of our sales and marketing efforts are to educate consumers on the utility of our products 
and services in order to generate demand, and to instruct consumers on where they may purchase our products and 
services. We also seek to educate existing customers on the use of our products and services to encourage increased 
usage and retention of our products. We accomplish these objectives through various types of consumer-oriented 
marketing and advertising and by expanding our group of retail and other distributors to gain access to additional 
customers.

Marketing to Consumers

We market our products to a broad group of consumers, ranging from never-banked to fully-banked consumers. 
We are focusing our current sales and marketing efforts on acquisition of long-term users of our products, enhancing 
our brands and image, building market adoption and awareness of our products, improving customer retention, and 
increasing card usage. To achieve these objectives, we highlight to consumers the core benefits of our products and 
services and how the use of our products can solve their fundamental money management needs.

Marketing to Business Partners

We use a variety of marketing strategies to engage with our business partners, including retail distributors, tax 

preparation partners, and network acceptance members.

When marketing our prepaid financial services to potential new retail distributors, we highlight several key benefits, 
including our leading national brand, our in-store presence and merchandising expertise, our cash reload network, the 
profitability of our products to them and our commitment to support our brand through national marketing efforts. In 
addition, we communicate the peripheral benefits of our products, such as their ability to generate additional foot traffic 
and sales in their stores and higher average purchase amounts per transaction.  We engage in similar strategies when 
marketing to our tax preparation partners.

We market our reload network to a broad range of banks, third-party processors, program managers and others 
that have uses for our reload network’s cash transfer technology. When marketing to potential network acceptance 
members, we highlight the key benefits of our cash loading network, including the breadth of our distribution capabilities, 
our leadership position in the industry, the profitability of our products to them, consumer satisfaction owing to the 
consistency in the user experience and our ongoing support of our network's offerings through national marketing to 
consumers and retail partners.

Customer Service

We provide customer service through numerous technologies and channels for all of the products provided by our 
company to consumers. We utilize both in-house and third-party call centers, as well as Interactive Voice Response 
systems, web-based support and email support in our customer service efforts.

Seasonality

In  the  industries  for  prepaid  financial  services  and  tax  refund  processing,  companies  commonly  experience 
seasonal fluctuations in revenue. For example, in recent years, our results of operations for the first half of each year 
have been favorably affected by large numbers of taxpayers electing to receive their tax refunds via direct deposit on 
our cards, which caused our operating revenues to be typically higher in the first halves of those years than they were 
in the corresponding second halves of those years. Additionally, our tax refund processing services business is highly 
seasonal as it generates the substantial majority of its revenue in the first quarter, and substantially all of its revenue 
in the first half of each calendar year. We expect our revenue to continue to fluctuate based on seasonal factors that 
affect the prepaid financial services and tax refund processing industries as a whole.

Competition

Our core businesses include the offering of prepaid cards, checking accounts and financial transaction processing 
services to a wide range of consumers through broad, national distribution channels.  Consequently, we compete 
against companies across the retail banking, financial services, and transaction processing services industries. In 
addition to the direct competitors described below, we compete for access to retail distribution channels, allocation of 
shelf space within those retail distributors, and for the attention of consumers at the retail level and online.  Furthermore, 
many of our competitors are entities substantially larger in size, more highly diversified in revenue and substantially 
more established in age with significantly more broadly known brand awareness than ours.  As such, many of our 
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competitors can leverage their size, financial wherewithal, brand awareness, pricing power and technological assets 
to compete with us. 

Prepaid Card Issuance and Program Management

We offer branded and private label deposit account card programs that directly compete with other banks that 
issue prepaid cards and other program managers that provide turn-key services for prepaid card programs. Primary 
competitors in this business include traditional credit, debit and prepaid card account issuers and prepaid card program 
managers like Chase, USBank, American Express, First Data, NetSpend/TSYS, UniRush, InComm, Western Union, 
MoneyGram, and Blackhawk Network Inc. In addition, from time to time, new entrants introduce prepaid card products 
or other products that seek to target that similar customer that could increase competition in this market.

Reload Networks

We offer our POS swipe reload proprietary products, which enable cash loading and transfer services through our 
Green Dot Network. While we believe our Green Dot Network is the leading reload network for prepaid cards in the 
United States, a growing number of companies are attempting to establish and grow their own reload networks. In this 
market, new companies, or alliances among existing companies, may be formed that rapidly achieve a significant 
market position. Many of these companies are substantially larger than we are and have greater resources, larger and 
more diversified customer bases and greater name recognition than we do. Our primary competitors in the reload 
network services market are: Visa, Western Union, MoneyGram, Blackhawk Network, Inc., and InComm. Visa has 
broad brand recognition and a large base of merchant acquiring and card issuing banks. Western Union, MoneyGram, 
Blackhawk Network, Inc., and InComm each have a national network of retail and/or agent locations. In addition, we 
compete for consumers and billers with financial institutions that provide their retail customers with billing, payment 
and funds transfer services. Many of these institutions are substantially larger and have greater resources, larger and 
more diversified customer bases and greater brand recognition than we do.

Tax Refund Processing

Our tax refund processing services compete directly with similar processing technologies and settlement capabilities 
offered by companies such as Refundo, Refund Advantage, Republic Bank and others. Furthermore, other entities, 
like  Jackson  Hewitt  and  H&R  Block,  have  either  fully  or  partially  internally-developed  processing  and  settlement 
capabilities to self-provide services similar to ours.  It is possible that our current or potentially new distribution partners 
may seek to develop their own internal capabilities that compete with our tax refund processing services. 

Consumer Banking Services

With our GoBank product, we have expanded into the market for consumer checking accounts. In this market we 
compete against a wide range of both traditional and non-traditional banks, including the largest banks. Many of these 
banks have greater resources, larger and more diversified customer bases and greater brand recognition than we do. 
Many of these banks also have other assets that could give them an advantage, including broader ranges of product 
offerings and/or retail branch networks. We believe that our consumer checking account products are differentiated 
by their innovative technological features, innovative distribution model, consumer-friendly pricing, and branding. 

Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of patent, trademark and copyright laws and trade secret protections in the United States, 
as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to protect the intellectual property rights related to our 
products and services.

We own several trademarks, including Green Dot and GoBank. Through agreements with our network acceptance 
members, retail distributors and customers, we authorize and monitor the use of our trademarks in connection with 
their activities with us.

Our patent portfolio currently consists of eight patents and ten patent applications. The term of the patents we hold 
is, on average, twenty years. We feel our patents and applications are important to our business and help to differentiate 
our products and services from those of our competitors.

The industries in which we compete are characterized by rapidly changing technology, a large number of patents, 
and  frequent  claims  and  related  litigation  regarding  patent  and  other  intellectual  property  rights. There  can  be  no 
assurance that our patents and other proprietary rights will not be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented; that others 
will not assert intellectual property rights to technologies that are relevant to us; or that our rights will give us a competitive 
advantage. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent 
as the laws of the United States. The risks associated with patents and intellectual property are more fully discussed 
in “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” including the risk factors entitled “We must adequately protect our brand and the intellectual 

5

property rights related to our products and services and avoid infringing on the proprietary rights of others,” and “We 
must be able to operate and scale our technology effectively to manage any future growth.”

Regulation

Compliance  with  legal  and  regulatory  requirements  is  a  highly  complex  and  integral  part  of  our  day-to-day 
operations. Our products and services are generally subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations, including:

• 

anti-money laundering laws;

•  money transfer and payment instrument licensing regulations;

• 

• 

• 

• 

escheatment laws;

privacy and information safeguard laws;

banking regulations; and

consumer protection laws.

These laws are often evolving and sometimes ambiguous or inconsistent, and the extent to which they apply to 
us, our subsidiary bank or the banks that issue our cards, our retail distributors, our tax preparation partners, our 
network acceptance members or our third-party processors is at times unclear. Any failure to comply with applicable 
law - either by us or by the card issuing banks, retail distributors, tax preparation partners, network acceptance members 
or third-party processors, over which we have limited legal and practical control - could result in restrictions on our 
ability  to  provide  our  products  and  services,  as  well  as  the  imposition  of  civil  fines  and  criminal  penalties  and  the 
suspension or revocation of a license or registration required to sell our products and services.

We  continually  monitor  and  enhance  our  compliance  program  to  stay  current  with  the  most  recent  legal  and 
regulatory changes. We also continue to implement policies and programs and to adapt our business practices and 
strategies to help us comply with current legal standards, as well as with new and changing legal requirements affecting 
particular services or the conduct of our business generally. These programs include dedicated compliance personnel 
and training and monitoring programs, as well as support and guidance to our business partners on matters of regulatory 
compliance programs and best practices.

Anti-Money Laundering Laws

Our products and services are generally subject to federal anti-money laundering laws, including the Bank Secrecy 
Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act, and similar state laws. On an ongoing basis, these laws require us, among 
other things, to:

• 

• 

• 

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• 

• 

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report large cash transactions and suspicious activity;

screen transactions against the U.S. government’s watch-lists, such as the Specially Designated Nationals 
and Blocked Persons List maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control;

prevent the processing of transactions to or from certain countries, individuals, nationals and entities;

identify  the  dollar  amounts  loaded  or  transferred  at  any  one  time  or  over  specified  periods  of  time,  which 
requires the aggregation of information over multiple transactions;

gather and, in certain circumstances, report customer information;

comply with consumer disclosure requirements; and

register or obtain licenses with state and federal agencies in the United States and seek registration of our 
retail distributors and network acceptance members when necessary.

Anti-money laundering regulations are constantly evolving. We continuously monitor our compliance with anti-
money laundering regulations and implement policies and procedures in order to comply with the most current legal 
requirements. We cannot predict how these future regulations might affect us. Complying with future regulation could 
be expensive or require us to change the way we operate our business.

We are registered with the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or FinCEN, as a money services business. As 
a  result  of  being  so  registered,  we  have  established  anti-money  laundering  compliance  programs  that  include:  (i) 
internal  policies  and  controls;  (ii)  designation  of  a  compliance  officer;  (iii)  ongoing  employee  training  and  (iv)  an 
independent  review  function.  We  have  developed  and  implemented  compliance  programs  comprised  of  policies, 
procedures, systems and internal controls to monitor and address various legal requirements and developments. To 
assist  in  managing  and  monitoring  money  laundering  risks,  we  continue  to  enhance  our  anti-money  laundering 

6

compliance  program.  We  offer  our  services  largely  through  our  retail  distributor  and  network  acceptance  member 
relationships. We have developed an anti-money laundering training manual and a program to assist in educating our 
retail distributors on applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

Money Transmitter Licensing Regulations

We are subject to money transmitter licensing regulations. We have obtained licenses to operate as a money 
transmitter in 40 states, Puerto Rico and Washington, D.C. and have applied for licensure in one additional state after 
a change in their statute. The remaining U.S. jurisdictions either do not currently regulate money transmitters or have 
rendered a regulatory determination or a legal interpretation that the money services laws of that jurisdiction do not 
require us to obtain a license in connection with the conduct of our business. As a licensee, we are subject to certain 
restrictions and requirements, including reporting, net worth and surety bonding requirements and requirements for 
regulatory approval of controlling stockholders, agent locations and consumer forms and disclosures. Many states 
require that we must at all times maintain cash and highly rated investment securities in an amount equivalent to all 
outstanding settlement obligations. We are also subject to inspection by the regulators in the jurisdictions in which we 
are licensed, many of which conduct regular examinations.

Escheatment Laws

Unclaimed property laws of every U.S. jurisdiction require that we track certain information on our card products 
and services and that, if customer funds are unclaimed at the end of an applicable statutory abandonment period, the 
proceeds of the unclaimed property be remitted to the appropriate jurisdiction. We manage escheatment law compliance 
with respect to our card products and services and have an ongoing program to comply with those laws. Statutory 
abandonment periods applicable to our card products and services typically range from three to seven years.

Privacy and Information Safeguard Laws

In the ordinary course of our business, we collect certain types of data, which subjects us to certain privacy and 
information security laws in the United States, including, for example, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, or the GLB 
Act, and other laws or rules designed to regulate consumer information and mitigate identity theft. We are also subject 
to  privacy  laws  of  various  states.  These  state  and  federal  laws  impose  obligations  with  respect  to  the  collection, 
processing, storage, disposal, use and disclosure of personal information, and require that financial institutions have 
in place policies regarding information privacy and security. In addition, under federal and certain state financial privacy 
laws, we must provide notice to consumers of our policies and practices for sharing nonpublic information with third 
parties, provide advance notice of any changes to our policies and, with limited exceptions, give consumers the right 
to prevent use of their nonpublic personal information and disclosure of it to unaffiliated third parties. Certain state laws 
may, in some circumstances, require us to notify affected individuals of security breaches of computer databases that 
contain  their  personal  information. These  laws  may  also  require  us  to  notify  state  law  enforcement,  regulators  or 
consumer reporting agencies in the event of a data breach, as well as businesses and governmental agencies that 
own data. In order to comply  with the privacy  and  information safeguard  laws,  we have confidentiality/information 
security standards and procedures in place for our business activities and with network acceptance members and our 
third-party vendors and service providers. Privacy and information security laws evolve regularly, requiring us to adjust 
our compliance program on an ongoing basis and presenting compliance challenges.

Banking Regulations

We became a bank holding company in December 2011, as a result of our acquisition of Bonneville Bancorp, the 
holding company of Bonneville Bank, a state-chartered Utah bank, which was renamed Green Dot Bank after the 
acquisition. We and our subsidiary bank are extensively regulated under federal and state laws, which, in general, 
results in increased compliance costs and other expenses, as we and our subsidiary bank are required to undergo 
regular on-site examinations and to comply with additional reporting requirements. As a bank holding company, we 
are subject to the supervision of, and inspection by, the Federal Reserve Board and the State of Utah Department of 
Financial Institutions and are subject to certain regulations which, among other things, restrict our business and the 
activities in which we may engage. Our existing business activities and currently proposed business activities are not 
materially restricted by these regulations.

Activities. Federal laws restrict the types of activities in which bank holding companies may engage, and subject 
them to a range of supervisory requirements, including regulatory enforcement actions for violations of laws and policies. 
Bank holding companies may engage in the business of banking and managing and controlling banks, as well as 
closely related activities. In addition, financial holding companies may engage in a wider set of activities, including with 
respect to securities activities and investments in companies engaged in nonbanking activities. The business activities 
that we currently conduct are permissible activities for bank holding companies under U.S. law, and we do not expect 
the limitations described above will adversely affect our current operations or materially restrict us from engaging in 

7

activities that are currently contemplated by our business strategies. It is possible, however, that these restrictions 
could limit our ability to enter other businesses in which we may wish to engage at some time in the future. It is also 
possible that in the future these laws may be amended in ways, or new laws or regulations may be adopted, that 
adversely affect our ability to engage in our current or additional businesses.

Even if our activities are permissible for a bank holding company, as discussed under “— Capital Adequacy” below, 
the Federal Reserve Board has the authority to order a bank holding company or its subsidiaries to terminate any 
activity or to require divestiture of ownership or control of a subsidiary in the event that it has reasonable cause to 
believe that the activity or continued ownership or control poses a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or 
stability of the bank holding company or any of its bank subsidiaries.

Dividend Restrictions. Bank holding companies are subject to various restrictions that may affect their ability to 
pay dividends. Federal and state banking regulations applicable to bank holding companies and banks generally require 
that dividends be paid from earnings and, as described under “— Capital Adequacy” below, require minimum levels 
of capital, which limits the funds available for payment of dividends. Other restrictions include the Federal Reserve 
Board’s general policy that bank holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of net income 
available to stockholders for the preceding year or four quarters and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention 
is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition, including the needs of each of its 
bank subsidiaries. In the current financial and economic environment, the Federal Reserve Board has indicated that 
bank holding companies should carefully review their dividend policies and has discouraged dividend pay-out ratios 
that are at the 100% level unless both their asset quality and capital are very strong. A bank holding company also 
should not maintain a dividend level that places undue pressure on the capital of its bank subsidiaries, or that may 
undermine the bank holding company’s ability to serve as a source of strength for its bank subsidiaries. See “— Source 
of Strength” below.

Capital Adequacy.  Bank  holding  companies  and  banks  are  subject  to  various  requirements  relating  to  capital 
adequacy, including limitations on leverage. As a bank holding company that is a financial holding company, we are 
required to be “well-capitalized,” meaning we must maintain certain capital and leverage requirements. Our subsidiary 
bank is also subject to separate capital and leverage requirements that we have committed to with the Federal Reserve 
Board and Utah Department of Financial Institutions. As of December 31, 2015, we and our subsidiary bank are each 
“well-capitalized” under the above standards and presently exceed our respective capital and leverage commitments. 

Under the regulatory framework that Congress has established and bank regulators have implemented, banks are 
either  “well-capitalized,”  “adequately  capitalized,”  “undercapitalized,”  “significantly  undercapitalized”  or  “critically 
undercapitalized.” Banks are generally subject to greater restrictions and supervision than bank holding companies, 
and these restrictions increase as the financial condition of the bank worsens. For instance, a bank that is not well-
capitalized may not accept, renew or roll over brokered deposits without the consent of the FDIC. If our subsidiary 
bank were to become less than adequately capitalized, the bank would need to submit to bank regulators a capital 
restoration plan that was guaranteed by us, as its bank holding company. The bank would also likely become subject 
to further restrictions on activities, such as entering into new lines of business, or would be required to conduct activities 
that have the effect of limiting asset growth or preventing acquisitions. A bank that is undercapitalized would also be 
prohibited from making capital distributions, including dividends, and from paying management fees to its bank holding 
company  if  the  institution  would  be  undercapitalized  after  any  such  distribution  or  payment.  A  significantly 
undercapitalized institution would be subject to mandatory capital raising activities, restrictions on interest rates paid 
and transactions with affiliates, removal of management and other restrictions. The FDIC has only very limited discretion 
in dealing with a critically undercapitalized institution and is virtually required to appoint a receiver or conservator. As
of December 31, 2015, Green Dot Bank remained well-capitalized.  The Bank also met the definition of well-capitalized 
at its most recent examination date.

For more information on regulatory capital rules, capital composition and pending or proposed regulatory capital 
changes,  see “Management's  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations--Capital 
Management"  below  and Note  21  –  Regulatory  Requirements  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included 
herein, which are incorporated by reference in this Item 1.

Source of Strength. Under Federal Reserve Board policy, bank holding companies are expected to act as a source 
of strength to their bank subsidiaries and to commit resources to support each such subsidiary. This support may 
theoretically be required by the Federal Reserve Board at times when the bank holding company might otherwise 
determine not to provide it. As noted above, if a bank becomes less than adequately capitalized, it would need to submit 
an acceptable capital restoration plan that, in order to be acceptable, would need to be guaranteed by the parent 
holding company. In the event of a bank holding company’s bankruptcy, any commitment by the bank holding company 
to a federal bank regulator to maintain the capital of a subsidiary bank would be assumed by the bankruptcy trustee 

8

and entitled to a priority of payment. In addition, under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection 
Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, the Federal Reserve Board is required to adopt new regulations formally requiring 
bank holding companies to serve as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions. The Federal Reserve 
Board has not yet proposed rules to implement this requirement.

Acquisitions  of  Bank  Holding  Companies.  Under  the  BHC Act  and  the  Change  in  Bank  Control Act,  and  their 
respective implementing regulations, Federal Reserve Board approval is necessary prior to any person or company 
acquiring control of a bank or bank holding company, subject to certain exceptions. Control is conclusively presumed 
to exist if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities, and may be presumed to 
exist if a person acquires 10% or more of any class of voting securities. These restrictions could affect the willingness 
or ability of a third party to acquire control of us for so long as we are a bank holding company particularly if the third 
party was not also a bank holding company.

Deposit Insurance and Deposit Insurance Assessments. Deposits accepted by banks, such as our subsidiary bank, 
have  the  benefit  of  FDIC  insurance  up  to  the  applicable  limits. The  FDIC’s  Deposit  Insurance  Fund  is  funded  by 
assessments on insured depository institutions, the level of which depends on the risk category of an institution and 
the amount of insured deposits that it holds. These rates currently range from 2.5 to 45 basis points on deposits. The 
FDIC may increase or decrease the assessment rate schedule semi-annually, and has in the past required and may 
in the future require banks to prepay their estimated assessments for future periods. The Dodd-Frank Act changes the 
method of calculating deposit assessments, requiring the FDIC to assess premiums on the basis of assets less tangible 
stockholders’ equity. The FDIC has indicated that this change will likely result in a lower assessment rate because of 
the larger assessment base. Because of the current stress on the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund resulting from the 
banking crisis, those fees have increased and are likely to stay at a relatively high level.

Community Reinvestment Act. The Community Reinvestment Act of 1977, or CRA, and the regulations promulgated 
by the FDIC to implement the CRA are intended to ensure that banks meet the credit needs of their respective service 
areas,  including  low  and  moderate  income  communities  and  individuals,  consistent  with  safe  and  sound  banking 
practices. The CRA regulations also require the banking regulatory authorities to evaluate a bank’s record in meeting 
the needs of its service area when considering applications to establish new offices or consummate any merger or 
acquisition transaction. The federal banking agencies are required to rate each insured institution’s performance under 
the CRA and to make that information publicly available. Our subsidiary bank currently complies with the CRA through 
investments and other activities that are designed to benefit the needs of low and moderate income communities.

Restrictions on Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders. Transactions between a bank and its nonbanking affiliates 
are regulated by the Federal Reserve Board. These regulations limit the types and amount of these transactions, 
require certain levels of collateral for loans to affiliated parties and generally require those transactions to be on an 
arm’s-length basis. As a bank holding company, transactions between Green Dot Bank and us, including our nonbanking 
subsidiaries, are limited by these regulations, although we do not anticipate that these restrictions will adversely affect 
our  ability  to  conduct  our  current  operations  or  materially  prohibit  us  from  engaging  in  activities  that  are  currently 
contemplated by our business strategies.

Issuing Banks. All of the GPR cards that we provide and the Walmart gift cards we service are issued by Green 
Dot Bank or either a federally- or state-chartered third-party bank. Thus, we are subject to the oversight of the regulators 
for, and certain laws applicable to, these card issuing banks. These banking laws require us, as a servicer to the banks 
that issue our cards, to among other things, undertake compliance actions similar to those described under “Anti-
Money Laundering Laws” above and comply with the privacy regulations promulgated under the GLB Act as discussed 
under “Privacy and Information Safeguard Laws” above. Our subsidiary bank is subject to the additional regulatory 
oversight and legal obligations described above, in its capacity as issuing bank of our GPR cards.

Other. The policies of regulatory authorities, including the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve Board, have a 
significant  effect  on  the  operating  results  of  bank  holding  companies  and  their  subsidiaries.  Moreover,  additional 
changes to banking laws and regulations are possible in the near future. The Dodd-Frank Act made numerous changes 
to the regulatory framework governing banking organizations. Our costs and revenues could be negatively impacted 
as additional final rules of the Dodd-Frank Act are adopted.

Consumer Protection Laws

We are subject to state and federal consumer protection laws, including laws prohibiting unfair and deceptive 
practices, regulating electronic fund transfers and protecting consumer nonpublic information. We believe that we have 
appropriate procedures in place for compliance with these consumer protection laws, but many issues regarding our 
service have not yet been addressed by the federal and state agencies charged with interpreting the applicable laws.

9

In order to permit the direct deposit of Federal benefits and other Federal funds to our products, we comply with 
the requirements of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act of the Federal Reserve Board, or Regulation E, as they relate to 
payroll cards, including disclosure of the terms of our electronic fund transfer services to consumers prior to their use 
of the service, 21 days' advance notice of material changes, specific error resolution procedures and timetables, and 
limits on customer liability for transactions that are not authorized by the consumer.

In December 2014, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, or CFPB, issued a notice of proposed rulemaking 
requesting comment on proposed amendments to Regulation E, which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, 
and Regulation Z, which implements the Truth in Lending Act. The proposed rules seek to, among other things, create 
comprehensive consumer protections for prepaid financial products, create a new disclosure regime regarding fees 
charged for acquiring and using prepaid cards, and impose new requirements on any credit features associated with 
prepaid accounts. If the CFPB's rulemaking or other new regulations or laws result in changes in the way we are 
regulated, these regulations could expose us to increased regulatory oversight, more burdensome regulation of our 
business, and increased litigation risk, each of which could increase our costs and decrease our operating revenues.

Payment Networks

In order to provide our products and services, we, as well as our subsidiary bank, Green Dot Bank, are contracted 
members with Visa and MasterCard and, as a result, are subject to payment network rules that could subject us to a 
variety  of  fines  or  penalties  that  may  be  levied  by  the  payment  networks  for  certain  acts  or  omissions.  Visa  and 
MasterCard set the standards with which we and the card issuing banks must comply.

Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we had 1,012 employees, including 703 in general and administrative, 51 in sales and 
marketing, and 258 in research and product development. None of our employees is represented by a labor union or 
is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced any employment-related work stoppages 
and consider relations with our employees to be good. 

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ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

Risks Related to Our Business

Our operating results may fluctuate in the future, which could cause our stock price to decline.

Our quarterly and annual results of operations may fluctuate in the future as a result of a variety of factors, many 
of which are outside of our control. If our results of operations fall below the expectations of investors or any securities 
analysts  who  follow  our  Class A  common  stock,  the  trading  price  of  our  Class A  common  stock  could  decline 
substantially. Fluctuations in our quarterly or annual results of operations might result from a number of factors, including, 
but not limited to:

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• 

the timing and volume of purchases, use and reloads of our prepaid cards and other products and services;

the timing and volume of tax refunds processed by us, including the impact of any general delays in tax refund 
disbursements from the U.S. and State Treasuries;

the timing and success of new product or service introductions by us or our competitors;

seasonality in the purchase or use of our products and services;

changes in the level of interchange rates that can be charged;

fluctuations in customer retention rates;

changes in the mix of products and services that we sell;

changes in the mix of retail distributors through which we sell our products and services;

the timing of commencement, renegotiation or termination of relationships with significant retail distributors 
and network acceptance members;

the timing of commencement of new product development and initiatives that cause us to expand into new 
distribution channels, the timing of costs of existing product roll-outs to new retail distributors and the length 
of time we must invest in those new products, channels or retail distributors before they generate material 
operating revenues;

our ability to effectively sell our products through online and direct mail marketing initiatives;

our ability to obtain timely regulatory approval for strategic initiatives;

changes in our or our competitors’ pricing policies or sales terms;

significant changes in our risk policies and controls;

the amount and timing of costs related to fraud losses;

the  amount  and  timing  of  commencement  and  termination  of  major  advertising  campaigns,  including 
sponsorships;

the amount and timing of costs related to the development or acquisition of complementary businesses;

the amount and timing of costs of any major litigation to which we are a party;

the amount and timing of capital expenditures and operating costs related to the maintenance and expansion 
of our business, operations and infrastructure, including our investments in a processing solution to replace 
our current processing services provider;

accounting charges related to impairment of capitalized internal-use software, intangible assets and goodwill;

our ability to control costs, including third-party service provider costs and sales and marketing expenses in 
an increasingly competitive market;

volatility in the trading price of our Class A common stock, which may lead to higher or lower stock-based 
compensation expenses; and

changes  in  the  political  or  regulatory  environment  affecting  the  banking  or  electronic  payments  industries 
generally or the industries for prepaid financial services and tax refund processing specifically.

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The loss of operating revenues from Walmart or any of our largest retail distributors would adversely affect 

our business.

Historically, most of our operating revenues were derived from prepaid financial services sold at our four largest 
retail distributors. As a percentage of total operating revenues, operating revenues derived from products and services 
sold at the store locations of Walmart was approximately 46% for the year ended December 31, 2015. We expect that 
Walmart will continue to have a significant impact on our operating revenues in future years, particularly in our Account 
Services  segment. It  would  be difficult  to replace  Walmart  and  the  operating  revenues  derived  from products  and 
services sold at their stores. Accordingly, the loss of Walmart would have a material adverse effect on our business. 
In addition, any publicity associated with the loss of any of our large retail distributors could harm our reputation, making 
it more difficult to attract and retain consumers and other retail distributors, and could lessen our negotiating power 
with our remaining and prospective retail distributors.

Our contracts with our retail distributors have terms that expire at various dates through 2020, and they can in 
limited circumstances, such as our material breach or insolvency or, in the case of Walmart, our failure to meet agreed-
upon service levels, certain changes in control, and our inability or unwillingness to agree to requested pricing changes, 
be terminated by these retail distributors on relatively short notice. There can be no assurance that we will be able to 
continue our relationships with our largest retail distributors on the same or more favorable terms in future periods or 
that our relationships will continue beyond the terms of our existing contracts with them. Our operating revenues and 
operating results could suffer if, among other things, any of our retail distributors renegotiates, terminates or fails to 
renew, or to renew on similar or favorable terms, its agreement with us or otherwise chooses to modify the level of 
support it provides for our products.

Our base of tax preparation partners is concentrated and our success depends in part on our ability to 

retain existing partners. 

If one or more of our major tax preparation partners were to substantially reduce or stop offering our services to 
their customers, our business, operating results and financial condition would be harmed. Substantially all the revenues 
we generate from our tax refund processing services have come from sales through a relatively small number of tax 
preparation firms.  We do not have long-term contractual commitments from any of our current tax preparation partners 
and our tax preparation partners may elect to not renew their contracts with us with little or no advance notice. As a 
result, we cannot be assured that any of our current tax preparation partners will continue to partner with us past the 
terms in their current agreements. A termination of our relationships with certain tax preparation partners that provide 
commercial tax preparation software would result in lost revenue and the loss of the ability to secure future relationships 
with new or existing tax preparation firms that use such tax software.

Our future success depends upon the active and effective promotion of our products and services by retail 
distributors and tax preparation partners, but their interests and operational decisions might not always align 
with our interests.

Most of our operating revenues are derived from our products and services sold at the stores of our retail distributors. 
In addition, a large portion of our Processing and Settlement Services revenues are dependent on tax preparation 
partners as the revenues we generate from our tax refund processing services are largely derived from products and 
services sold through retail tax preparation businesses and income tax software providers. Revenues from our retail 
distributors and tax preparation partners depend on a number of factors outside our control and may vary from period 
to period. Because we compete with many other providers of products, including competing prepaid cards and tax 
refund  processing  services,  for  placement  and  promotion  of  products  in  the  stores  of  our  retail  distributors  or  in 
conjunction with the delivery of tax preparation services by our tax preparation providers, our success depends on our 
retail distributors and tax preparation partners and their willingness to promote our products and services successfully. 
In general, our contracts with these third parties allow them to exercise significant discretion over the placement and 
promotion of our products and services; they could give higher priority to the products and services of other companies 
for a variety of reasons.  Accordingly, losing the support of our retail distributors and tax preparation partners might 
limit or reduce the sales of our products and services. Our operating revenues and operating expenses may also be 
negatively affected by operational decisions by our retail distributors and tax preparation partners. For example, if a 
retail distributor reduces shelf space for our products or implements changes in its systems that disrupt the integration 
between its systems and ours, our product sales could be reduced or decline and we may incur additional merchandising 
costs to ensure our products are appropriately stocked. Similarly, for a variety of reasons, many of our tax preparation 
partners that provide commercial income tax preparation software offer their customers several types for tax refund 
processing services, including those of our competitors. Even if our retail distributors and tax preparation partners 
actively and effectively promote our products and services, there can be no assurance that their efforts will maintain 
or result in growth of our operating revenues.

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Our  operating  revenues  for  a  particular  period  are  difficult  to  predict,  and  a  shortfall  in  our  operating 

revenues may harm our results of operations.

Our operating revenues for a particular period are difficult to predict. Our total operating revenues may decline or 
grow at a slower rate than in prior periods.  Our ability to meet financial expectations could be adversely affected by 
various factors, such as the failure of our supply chain management efforts to increase revenues, delays in implementing 
revenue growth activities or the failure of these activities to generate expected revenues, and increased competition 
within the store locations of many of our largest retail distributors.

Our ability to increase card usage and cardholder retention and to attract new long-term users of our products can 
also have a significant effect on our operating revenues. We may be unable to generate increases in card usage, 
cardholder retention or attract new long-term users of our products for a number of reasons, including our inability to 
maintain our existing distribution channels, the failure of our cardholder retention and usage incentives to influence 
cardholder behavior, our inability to predict accurately consumer preferences or industry changes and to modify our 
products and services on a timely basis in response thereto, and our inability to produce new features and services 
that appeal to existing and prospective customers. As a result, our operating results could vary materially from period 
to period based on the degree to which we are successful in increasing card usage and cardholder retention and 
attracting long-term users of our products.

Either of the above factors could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results and financial 

condition.

Seasonal fluctuations in the use of our products and services impact our results of operations and cash 

flows.

Our results of operations and cash flows vary from quarter to quarter, and periodically decline, due to the seasonal 
nature of the use of our products and services. For example, in recent years, our results of operations for the first half 
of each year have been favorably affected by large numbers of taxpayers electing to receive their tax refunds via direct 
deposit on our cards, which caused our operating revenues to be typically higher in the first halves of those years than 
they were in the corresponding second halves of those years. Additionally, our tax refund processing services business 
is highly seasonal as it generates the substantial majority of its revenue in the first quarter, and substantially all of its 
revenue in the first half of each calendar year. To the extent that seasonal fluctuations become more pronounced, or 
are not offset by other factors, our results of operations and operating cash flows could fluctuate materially from period 
to period.

The industries in which we compete are highly competitive, which could adversely affect our operating 

results.

The prepaid financial services and tax refund services industries are highly competitive and include a variety of 
financial and non-financial services vendors. We expect conditions in the markets in which we compete will remain 
highly  competitive.  For  example,  Walmart,  CVS  and  others  have  been  selling  competitive  products  at  their  store 
locations for the past several years. Competition is expected to negatively impact our operating revenues, and could 
cause us to compete on the basis of price or increase our sales and marketing expenses, any of which would likely 
seriously harm our business, operating results and financial condition. Our current and potential competitors include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

prepaid card program managers, such as American Express, First Data, Total Systems Services, and traditional 
banks, such as J.P. Morgan Chase;

reload network providers, such as Visa, Western Union and MoneyGram; 

prepaid card distributors, such as InComm and Blackhawk Network; and

providers of tax refund processing services, including tax preparation businesses with their own internally-
developed products and services and independent providers, such as Republic Bank & Trust Company.

Some of these vendors compete with us in more than one of the vendor categories described above, while others 
are primarily focused in a single category. In addition, competitors in one category have worked or are working with 
competitors in other categories to compete with us. A portion of our cash transfer revenues is derived from reloads to 
cards managed by companies that compete with us as program managers. We also face actual and potential competition 
from retail distributors or from other companies, such as PayPal and Visa that have decided or may in the future decide 
to  compete,  or  compete  more  aggressively,  in  the  prepaid  financial  services  industry.    Similarly,  some  of  our  tax 
preparation partners have developed or may seek to develop their own products and services that compete with our 
tax refund processing services.

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We also compete with businesses outside of the prepaid financial services industry, including traditional providers 
of financial services, such as banks that offer demand deposit accounts and card issuers that offer credit cards, private 
label retail cards and gift cards. In particular, our GoBank product is designed to compete directly with banks by providing 
products  and  services  that  they  have  traditionally  provided.  These  and  other  competitors  in  the  larger  electronic 
payments industry are introducing new and innovative products and services, such as those involving radio frequency 
and proximity payment devices (such as contactless cards), e-commerce and mobile commerce, that compete with 
ours. We expect that this competition will continue as the prepaid financial services industry and the larger banking 
and electronic payments industry continues to rapidly evolve.  We also expect to compete with businesses outside the 
traditional tax refund processing services industry in the future as new entrants seek to develop software solutions 
that may replace the need for our tax refund processing services.

Many existing and potential competitors have longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we do. 
In addition, many of our existing and potential competitors are substantially larger than we are, may already have or 
could develop substantially greater financial and other resources than we have, may offer, develop or introduce a wider 
range of programs and services than we offer or may use more effective advertising and marketing strategies than we 
do  to  achieve  broader  brand  recognition,  customer  awareness  and  retail  penetration.  We  could  also  experience 
increased price competition. If this happens, we expect that the purchase and use of our products and services would 
decline. If price competition materially intensifies, we may have to increase the incentives that we offer to our retail 
distributors and our tax preparation partners and decrease the prices of our products and services, any of which would 
likely adversely affect our operating results.

Our long-term success depends on our ability to compete effectively against existing and potential competitors 
that seek to provide prepaid cards or other electronic payment products and services or tax refund processing services. 
If we fail to compete effectively against any of the foregoing threats, our revenues, operating results, prospects for 
future growth and overall business could be materially and adversely affected.

We make significant investments in products and services that may not be successful.

Our prospects for growth depend on our ability to innovate by offering new, and adding value to our existing, product 
and  service  offerings  and  on  our  ability  to  effectively  commercialize  such  innovations.  We  will  continue  to  make 
investments in research, development, and marketing for new products and services, including our secured credit card  
product, the Green Dot Money marketplace and our on-demand workforce solutions. Investments in new products and 
services  are  speculative.  Commercial  success  depends  on  many  factors,  including  innovativeness,  price,  the 
competitive environment and effective distribution and marketing. If customers do not perceive our new offerings as 
providing significant value, they may fail to accept our new products and services, which would negatively impact our 
operating revenues. We may not achieve significant operating revenues from new product and service investments 
for  a  number  of  years,  if  at  all.  Moreover,  new  products  and  services  may  not  be  profitable,  and  even  if  they  are 
profitable, operating margins for new products and services may not be as high as the margins we have experienced 
in the past.

Acquisitions or investments could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition.

We have in the past acquired, and we expect to acquire in the future, other businesses and technologies. The 
process of integrating an acquired business, product, service or technology can create unforeseen operating difficulties, 
expenditures and other challenges such as:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

increased regulatory and compliance requirements;

regulatory restrictions on revenue streams of acquired businesses;

implementation or remediation of controls, procedures and policies at the acquired company;

diversion of management time and focus from operation of our then-existing business to acquisition integration 
challenges;

coordination of product, sales, marketing and program, and systems management functions;

transition of the acquired company’s users and customers onto our systems;

retention of employees from the acquired company;

integration of employees from the acquired company into our organization;

integration  of  the  acquired  company’s  accounting,  information  management,  human  resource  and  other 
administrative systems and operations generally with ours;

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• 

• 

liability for activities of the acquired company prior to the acquisition, including violations of law, commercial 
disputes, and tax and other known and unknown liabilities; and

increased  litigation  or  other  claims  in  connection  with  the  acquired  company,  including  claims  brought  by 
terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties.

If we are unable to successfully integrate an acquired business or technology or otherwise address these difficulties 
and challenges or other problems encountered in connection with an acquisition, we might not realize the anticipated 
benefits of that acquisition, we might incur unanticipated liabilities or we might otherwise suffer harm to our business 
generally. Unanticipated costs, delays or other operational or financial problems related to integrating the acquired 
company and business with our company may result in the diversion of our management's attention from other business 
issues and opportunities. To integrate acquired businesses, we must implement our technology systems in the acquired 
operations and integrate and manage the personnel of the acquired operations. We also must effectively integrate the 
different cultures of acquired business organizations into our own in a way that aligns various interests, and may need 
to enter new markets in which we have no or limited experience and where competitors in such markets have stronger 
market positions.  Failures or difficulties in integrating the operations of the businesses that we acquire, including their 
personnel, technology, compliance programs, risk management systems, financial systems, distribution and general 
business operations and procedures, marketing, promotion and other relationships, may affect our ability to grow and 
may result in us incurring asset impairment or restructuring charges. Furthermore, acquisitions and investments are 
often speculative in nature and the actual benefits we derive from them could be lower or take longer to materialize 
than we expect.

To the extent we pay the consideration for any future acquisitions or investments in cash, it would reduce the 
amount  of  cash  available  to  us  for other  purposes.  Future  acquisitions  or  investments  could  also  result  in  dilutive 
issuances of our equity securities or the incurrence of debt, contingent liabilities, amortization expenses, or impairment 
charges against goodwill on our balance sheet, any of which could harm our financial condition and negatively impact 
our stockholders.

Fraudulent and other illegal activity involving our products and services could lead to reputational damage 
to  us,  reduce  the  use  and  acceptance  of  our  cards  and  reload  network,  reduce  the  use  of  our  tax  refund 
processing services, and may adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.

Criminals are using increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities involving prepaid cards, reload 
products or customer information. In addition, to the extent our checking account products become widely adopted by 
consumers, we expect that criminals will target our checking account products as well. Illegal activities involving our 
products and services often include malicious social engineering schemes, where people are asked to provide a prepaid 
card  or  reload  product  in  order  to  obtain  a  loan  or  purchase  goods  or  services.  Illegal  activities  may  also  include 
fraudulent payment or refund schemes and identity theft. We rely upon third parties for some transaction processing 
services, which subjects us and our customers to risks related to the vulnerabilities of those third parties. A single 
significant  incident  of  fraud,  or  increases  in  the  overall  level  of  fraud,  involving  our  cards  and  other  products  and 
services, could result in reputational damage to us, which could reduce the use and acceptance of our cards and other 
products and services, cause retail distributors or network acceptance members to cease doing business with us or 
lead to greater regulation that would increase our compliance costs. Fraudulent activity could also result in the imposition 
of  regulatory  sanctions,  including  significant  monetary  fines,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  business,  operating 
results and financial condition. Furthermore, to address the challenges we face with respect to fraudulent activity, we've 
implemented risk control mechanisms that have made it more difficult for all customers, including legitimate customers, 
to obtain and use our products and services. We believe it is likely that our risk control mechanisms may continue to 
adversely affect our new card activations from legitimate customers for the foreseeable future and that our operating 
revenues will be negatively impacted as a result.

As a bank holding company, we are subject to extensive and potentially changing regulation and may be 
required to serve as a source of strength for Green Dot Bank, which may adversely affect our business, financial 
position and results of operations.

As a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve 
Board and the State of Utah Department of Financial Institutions and must comply with applicable regulations and 
other commitments we have agreed to, including financial commitments in respect to minimum capital and leverage 
requirements.  If  we  fail  to  comply  with  any  of  these  requirements,  we  may  become  subject  to  formal  or  informal 
enforcement actions, proceedings, or investigations, which could result in regulatory orders, restrictions on our business 
operations or requirements to take corrective actions, which may, individually or in the aggregate, affect our results of 
operations and restrict our ability to grow. If we fail to comply with the applicable capital and leverage requirements, 
or if our subsidiary bank fails to comply with its applicable capital and leverage commitments, the Federal Reserve 

15

Board may limit our ability to pay dividends or fund stock repurchases, or if we become less than adequately capitalized, 
require us to raise additional capital. In addition, as a bank holding company and a financial holding company, we are 
generally prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any activities other than those permissible for bank holding 
companies and financial holding companies. This restriction might limit our ability to pursue future business opportunities 
which we might otherwise consider but which might fall outside the scope of permissible activities.

Moreover, in response to the financial crisis of 2008 and the Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, or 
the Dodd-Frank Act, banking supervisors in the United States continue to implement a variety of new requirements on 
banking entities. Some of these requirements apply or will apply directly to us or to our subsidiary bank, while certain 
requirements apply or will apply only to larger institutions. Although we cannot anticipate the final form of many of these 
regulations, how they will affect our business or results of operations, or how they will change the competitive landscape 
in which we operate, such regulations could have a material adverse impact on our business and financial condition, 
particularly if they make it more difficult for us or our retail distributors to sell our card products.

Changes in laws and regulations to which we are subject, or to which we may become subject, may increase 

our costs of operation, decrease our operating revenues and disrupt our business.

The provision of banking services, prepaid financial services and tax refund processing services is highly regulated 
and, from time to time, the laws and regulations affecting these industries, and the manner in which they are interpreted, 
are subject to change and legal action.  Accordingly, changes in laws and regulations or the interpretation or enforcement 
thereof may occur that could increase our compliance and other costs of doing business, require significant systems 
redevelopment, or render our products or services less profitable or obsolete, any of which could have an adverse 
effect  on  our  results  of  operations.  For  example,  we  could  face  more  stringent  anti-money  laundering  rules  and 
regulations, as well as more stringent licensing rules and regulations, compliance with which could be expensive and 
time consuming. In addition, adverse rulings relating to the industries in which we participate could cause our products 
and services to be subject to additional laws and regulations, which could make our products and services less profitable.

If additional regulatory requirements were imposed on the sale of our products and services and our bank, the 
requirements could lead to a loss of retail distributors or tax preparation partners, which, in turn, could materially and 
adversely impact our operations. Moreover, if our products are adversely impacted by the interpretation or enforcement 
of these regulations or we or any of our retail distributors or tax preparation partners were unwilling or unable to make 
any such operational changes to comply with the interpretation or enforcement thereof, we would no longer be able 
to sell our products and services through that noncompliant retail distributor or tax preparation partner, which could 
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

State and federal legislators and regulatory authorities are increasingly focused on the banking and consumer 
financial services industries, and may propose and adopt new legislation that could result in significant adverse changes 
in the regulatory landscape for financial institutions and financial services companies. In December 2014, the Consumer 
Financial  Protection  Bureau,  or  CFPB,  issued  a  notice  of  proposed  rulemaking  requesting  comment  on  proposed 
amendments to Regulation E, which implements the Electronic Fund Transfer Act and Regulation Z, which implements 
the Truth in Lending Act. The proposed rules seek to, among other things, create comprehensive consumer protections 
for prepaid financial products, create a new disclosure regime regarding fees charged for acquiring and using prepaid 
cards, and impose new requirements on any credit features associated with prepaid accounts. In November 2015, the 
CFPB updated their regulatory rulemaking agenda and anticipates a final rule in spring 2016. 

If the CFPB's rulemaking or other new regulations or laws result in changes in the way we are regulated, these 
regulations  could  expose  us  to  increased  regulatory  oversight,  more  burdensome  regulation  of  our  business,  and 
increased litigation risk, each of which could increase our costs and decrease our operating revenues. Furthermore, 
limitations placed on fees we charge or the disclosures that must be provided with respect to our products and services 
could  increase  our  costs  and  decrease  our  operating  revenues.  It  is  difficult  to  determine  with  any  certainty  what 
obligations the final rules, if any, might impose or what impact they might have on our business.

Changes in laws and regulations, or our failure to comply with existing laws and regulations, applicable 
to our tax refund-related services could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of 
operations, and financial condition.

We  derive  a  significant  portion  of  our  total  operating  revenues  and earnings from  tax  refund  processing  and 
settlement services. The tax preparation industry is regulated under a variety of statutes in addition to those regulations 
currently applicable to our legacy products and services, all of which are subject to change and which may impose 
significant  costs,  limitations  or  prohibitions  on  the  way  we  conduct  or  expand  our  tax  refund  processing  and 
related services.  In recent years, state legislators, state attorneys general, and regulators have increased their focus 
on the tax preparation industry including tax refund processing services and the use thereof by tax preparation firms.  
Laws making such services less profitable, or even unprofitable, could be passed in any state at any time or existing 

16

laws could expire or be amended, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results 
of  operations,  and  financial  condition.   State  regulators  have  broad  discretionary  power  and  may  impose  new 
requirements, interpret or enforce existing regulatory requirements in different ways or issue new administrative rules, 
even if not contained in state statutes, and state attorneys general could take actions, that affect the way we offer our 
tax refund-related services and may force us to terminate, modify, or cease our operations in particular states. State 
or Federal regulators could also impose rules that are generally adverse to our tax refund-related services. Any new 
requirements or rules, or new interpretations of existing requirements or rules, or failure to follow requirements or rules, 
or future lawsuits or rulings, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations, 
and financial condition.

We  operate  in  a  highly  regulated  environment,  and  failure  by  us,  the  banks  that  issue  our  cards,  the 
businesses that participate in our reload network, the banks that assist with our tax refund processing services, 
and our tax preparation partners to comply with applicable laws and regulations could have an adverse effect 
on our business, financial position and results of operations.

We operate in a highly regulated environment, and failure by us, the banks that issue our cards or the businesses 
that participate in our reload network to comply with the laws and regulations to which we are subject could negatively 
impact our business. We are subject to state money transmission licensing requirements and a wide range of federal 
and other state laws and regulations. In particular, our products and services are subject to an increasingly strict set 
of legal and regulatory requirements intended to protect consumers and to help detect and prevent money laundering, 
terrorist financing and other illicit activities.

Many of these laws and regulations are evolving, unclear and inconsistent across various jurisdictions, and ensuring 
compliance with them is difficult and costly. For example, with increasing frequency, federal and state regulators are 
holding  businesses  like  ours  to  higher  standards  of  training,  monitoring  and  compliance,  including  monitoring  for 
possible violations of laws by the businesses that participate in our reload network. Failure by us or those businesses 
to comply with the laws and regulations to which we are or may become subject could result in fines, penalties or 
limitations on our ability to conduct our business, or federal or state actions, any of which could significantly harm our 
reputation  with  consumers  and  other  network  participants,  banks  that  issue  our  cards  and  regulators,  and  could 
materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Changes in rules or standards set by the payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, or changes in 
debit network fees or products or interchange rates, could adversely affect our business, financial position 
and results of operations.

We are subject to association rules that could subject us to a variety of fines or penalties that may be levied by 
the card associations or networks for acts or omissions by us or businesses that work with us, including card processors, 
such as Total System Services, Inc and MasterCard PTS. The termination of the card association registrations held 
by  us  or  any  changes  in  card  association  or  other  debit  network  rules  or  standards,  including  interpretation  and 
implementation of existing rules or standards, that increase the cost of doing business or limit our ability to provide our 
products  and  services  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  operating  results  and  financial  condition.  In 
addition, from time to time, card associations increase the organization and/or processing fees that they charge, which 
could increase our operating expenses, reduce our profit margin and adversely affect our business, operating results 
and financial condition.

Furthermore, a substantial portion of our operating revenues is derived from interchange fees. For the year ended  
December 31,  2015,  interchange  revenues  represented  28.3%  of  our  total  operating  revenues,  and  we  expect 
interchange revenues to continue to represent a significant percentage of our total operating revenues. The amount 
of interchange revenues that we earn is highly dependent on the interchange rates that the payment networks set and 
adjust from time to time. 

The enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act required the Federal Reserve Board to implement regulations that have 
substantially limited interchange fees for many issuers. While the interchange rates that may be earned by us and our 
subsidiary bank are exempt from the limitations imposed by the Dodd-Frank Act, there can be no assurance that future 
regulation or changes by the payment networks will not impact our interchange revenues substantially. If interchange 
rates decline, whether due to actions by the payment networks or future regulation, we would likely need to change 
our fee structure to offset the loss of interchange revenues. However, our ability to make these changes is limited by 
the terms of our contracts and other commercial factors, such as price competition. To the extent we increase the 
pricing of our products and services, we might find it more difficult to acquire consumers and to maintain or grow card 
usage and customer retention, and we could suffer reputational damage and become subject to greater regulatory 
scrutiny. We also might have to discontinue certain products or services. As a result, our total operating revenues, 
operating results, prospects for future growth and overall business could be materially and adversely affected.

17

Our actual operating results may differ significantly from our guidance.

From time to time, we may issue guidance in our quarterly earnings conference calls, or otherwise, regarding our 
future performance that represents our management’s estimates as of the date of release. This guidance, which includes 
forward-looking statements, is based on projections prepared by our management. These projections are not prepared 
with a view toward compliance with published guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and 
neither our independent registered public accounting firm nor any other independent expert or outside party compiles 
or examines the projections. Accordingly, no such person expresses any opinion or any other form of assurance with 
respect to those projections.

Projections are based upon a number of assumptions and estimates that, while presented with numerical specificity, 
are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of 
which are beyond our control, and are based upon specific assumptions with respect to future business decisions, 
some of which will change. While we have stated and we intend to continue to state possible outcomes as high and 
low ranges that are intended to provide a sensitivity analysis as variables are changed, we can provide no assurances 
that actual results will not fall outside of the suggested ranges.

The principal reason that we release guidance is to provide a basis for our management to discuss our business 
outlook with analysts and investors. We do not accept any responsibility for any projections or reports published by 
any of these persons.

Guidance is necessarily speculative in nature, and it can be expected that some or all of the assumptions underlying 
the guidance furnished by us will prove to be incorrect or will vary significantly from actual results. For example, on a 
number  of  occasions  in  2014  and  2015  we  adjusted  our  revenue  guidance  when  actual  results  varied  from  our 
assumptions. Accordingly, our guidance is only an estimate of what management believes is realizable as of the date 
of release. Actual results will vary from our guidance and the variations may be material. In light of the foregoing, 
investors are urged not to rely upon our guidance in making an investment decision with respect to our Class A common 
stock.

Any failure to implement our operating strategy successfully or the occurrence of any of the events or circumstances 
set forth in this Item 1A could result in our actual operating results being different from our guidance, and such differences 
may be adverse and material.

We receive important services from third-party vendors. Replacing them would be difficult and disruptive 

to our business.

Some services relating to our business, including fraud management and other customer verification services, 
transaction processing and settlement, card production, and customer service, are outsourced to third-party vendors.  
We also depend on third-party banks to assist with our tax refund processing services.  It would be difficult to replace 
some of our third-party vendors in a timely manner if they were unwilling or unable to provide us with these services 
during the term of their agreements with us and our business and operations could be adversely affected.  In particular, 
due to the seasonality in our business, any material service interruptions or service delays with key vendors during  
the tax season could result in losses that have an even greater adverse effect on that business than would be the case 
with our overall business.

Our business could suffer if there is a decline in the use of prepaid cards as a payment mechanism or 

there are adverse developments with respect to the prepaid financial services industry in general.

As the prepaid financial services industry evolves, consumers may find prepaid financial services to be less attractive 
than traditional or other financial services. Consumers might not use prepaid financial services for any number of 
reasons, including the general perception of our industry. For example, negative publicity surrounding other prepaid 
financial service providers could impact our business and prospects for growth to the extent it adversely impacts the 
perception of prepaid financial services among consumers. If consumers do not continue or increase their usage of 
prepaid cards, including making changes in the way prepaid cards are loaded, our operating revenues may remain at 
current levels or decline. Predictions by industry analysts and others concerning the growth of prepaid financial services 
as an electronic payment mechanism may overstate the growth of an industry, segment or category, and you should 
not  rely  upon  them.  The  projected  growth  may  not  occur  or  may  occur  more  slowly  than  estimated.  If  consumer 
acceptance of prepaid financial services does not continue to develop or develops more slowly than expected or if 
there is a shift in the mix of payment forms, such as cash, credit cards, traditional debit cards and prepaid cards, away 
from our products and services, it could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

18

A data security breach could expose us to liability and protracted and costly litigation, and could adversely 

affect our reputation and operating revenues.

We and our retail distributors, tax preparation partners, network acceptance members, third-party processors and 
the  merchants  that  accept  our  cards  receive,  transmit  and  store  confidential  customer  and  other  information  in 
connection with the sale and use of our products and services. Our encryption software and the other technologies 
we use to provide security for storage, processing and transmission of confidential customer and other information 
may not be effective to protect against data security breaches by third parties. The risk of unauthorized circumvention 
of our security measures has been heightened by advances in computer capabilities and the increasing sophistication 
of hackers. Our retail distributors, tax preparation partners, network acceptance members, third-party processors and 
the merchants that accept our cards also may experience similar security breaches involving the receipt, transmission 
and storage of our confidential customer and other information. Improper access to our or these third parties’ systems 
or databases could result in the theft, publication, deletion or modification of confidential customer and other information.

A data security breach of the systems on which sensitive cardholder or other customer or end-customer data and 
account information are stored could lead to fraudulent activity involving our products and services, reputational damage 
and claims or regulatory actions against us. If we are sued in connection with any data security breach, we could be 
involved in protracted and costly litigation. If unsuccessful in defending that litigation, we might be forced to pay damages 
and/or change our business practices or pricing structure, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our 
operating revenues and profitability. We would also likely have to pay (or indemnify the banks that issue our cards for) 
fines, penalties and/or other assessments imposed by Visa or MasterCard as a result of any data security breach. 
Further,  a  significant  data  security  breach  could  lead  to  additional  regulation,  which  could  impose  new  and  costly 
compliance obligations. In addition, a data security breach at one of the third-party banks that issue our cards or at 
our retail distributors, tax preparation partners, network acceptance members, third-party processors or the merchants 
that accept our cards could result in significant reputational harm to us and cause the use and acceptance of our cards 
or other products and services to decline, either of which could have a significant adverse impact on our operating 
revenues  and  future  growth  prospects.  Moreover,  it  may  require  substantial  financial  resources  to  address  and 
remediate any such breach, including additional costs for replacement cards, manufacturing, distribution, re-stocking 
fees, fraud monitoring and other added security measures, amongst others, which could have a significant adverse 
impact on our operating results.

Litigation or investigations could result in significant settlements, fines or penalties.

We are subject to regulatory oversight in the normal course of our business, and have been and from time to time 
may be subject to regulatory or judicial proceedings or investigations.  The outcome of securities class actions and 
other  litigation  and  regulatory  or  judicial  proceedings  or  investigations  is  difficult  to  predict.  Plaintiffs  or  regulatory 
agencies or authorities in these matters may seek recovery of very large or indeterminate amounts, seek to have 
aspects of our business suspended or modified or seek to impose sanctions, including significant monetary fines. The 
monetary  and  other  impact  of  these  actions,  litigations,  proceedings  or  investigations  may  remain  unknown  for 
substantial periods of time. The cost to defend, settle or otherwise resolve these matters may be significant. Further, 
an unfavorable resolution of litigation, proceedings or investigations against us could have a material adverse effect 
on our business, operating results, or financial condition. In this regard, such costs could make it more difficult to 
maintain the capital, leverage and other financial commitments at levels we have agreed to with the Federal Reserve 
Board and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions.  If regulatory or judicial proceedings or investigations were 
to be initiated against us by private or governmental entities, adverse publicity that may be associated with these 
proceedings or investigations could negatively impact our relationships with retail distributors, tax preparation partners, 
network acceptance members and card processors and decrease acceptance and use of, and loyalty to, our products 
and  related  services,  and  could  impact  the  price  of  our  Class A  common  stock.  In  addition,  such  proceedings  or 
investigations could increase the risk that we will be involved in litigation. The outcome of any such litigation is difficult 
to predict and the cost to defend, settle or otherwise resolve these matters may be significant. For the foregoing reasons, 
if regulatory or judicial proceedings or investigations were to be initiated against us by private or governmental entities, 
our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected or our stock price could decline.

We must adequately protect our brand and our intellectual property rights related to our products and 

services and avoid infringing on the proprietary rights of others.

The Green Dot, GoBank and TPG brands are important to our business, and we utilize trademark registrations 
and other means to protect them. Our business would  be harmed  if we were unable  to protect our brand against 
infringement and its value was to decrease as a result.

We rely on a combination of patent, trademark and copyright laws, trade secret protection and confidentiality and 
license agreements to protect the intellectual property rights related to our products and services. We currently have 

19

eight patents outstanding and ten patents pending. Although we generally seek patent protection for inventions and 
improvements that we anticipate will be incorporated into our products and services, there is always a chance that our 
patents  or  patent  applications  could  be  challenged,  invalidated  or  circumvented,  or  that  an  issued  patent  will  not 
adequately cover the scope of our inventions or improvements incorporated into our products or services. Additionally, 
our patents could be circumvented by third-parties.

Recent and proposed changes to U.S. patent laws and rules may also affect our ability to protect and enforce our 
intellectual property rights. For example, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act transitions the manner in which patents 
are issued and changes the way in which issued patents are challenged. The long-term impact of these changes are 
unknown, but this law could cause a certain degree of uncertainty surrounding the enforcement and defense of our 
issued patents, as well as greater costs concerning new and existing patent applications.

We may unknowingly violate the intellectual property or other proprietary rights of others and, thus, may be subject 
to claims by third parties. These assertions may increase over time as a result of our growth and the general increase 
in the pace of patent claims assertions, particularly in the United States. Because of the existence of a large number 
of patents in the mobile technology field, the secrecy of some pending patents, and the rapid rate of issuance of new 
patents,  it  is  not  economically  practical  or  even  possible  to  determine  in  advance  whether  a  product  or  any  of  its 
elements infringes or will infringe on the patent rights of others. Regardless of the merit of these claims, we may be 
required to devote significant time and resources to defending against these claims or to protecting and enforcing our 
own rights. We might also be required to develop a non-infringing technology or enter into license agreements and 
there can be no assurance that licenses will be available on acceptable terms and conditions, if at all. Some of our 
intellectual property rights may not be protected by intellectual property laws, particularly in foreign jurisdictions. The 
loss of our intellectual property or the inability to secure or enforce our intellectual property rights or to defend successfully 
against an infringement action could harm our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

We are exposed to losses from customer accounts.

Fraudulent activity involving our products may lead to customer disputed transactions, for which we may be liable 
under  banking  regulations  and  payment  network  rules.  Our  fraud  detection  and  risk  control  mechanisms  may  not 
prevent all fraudulent or illegal activity. To the extent we incur losses from disputed transactions, our business, results 
of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Additionally, our cardholders can incur charges in excess of the funds available in their accounts, and we may 
become liable for these overdrafts. While we decline authorization attempts for amounts that exceed the available 
balance in a cardholder’s account, the application of card association rules, the timing of the settlement of transactions 
and the assessment of the card’s monthly maintenance fee, among other things, can result in overdrawn accounts.

Maintenance fee assessment overdrafts occur as a result of our charging a cardholder, pursuant to the card’s 
terms and conditions, the monthly maintenance fee at a time when he or she does not have sufficient funds in his or 
her account. Our remaining overdraft exposure arises primarily from late-posting. A late-post occurs when a merchant 
posts a transaction within a payment network-permitted timeframe but subsequent to our release of the authorization 
for that transaction, as permitted by card association rules. Under card association rules, we may be liable for the 
amount of the transaction even if the cardholder has made additional purchases in the intervening period and funds 
are no longer available on the card at the time the transaction is posted.

We consider overdrawn account balances to be our receivables due from cardholders. We maintain reserves to 
cover the risk that we may not recover these receivables due from our cardholders, but our exposure may increase 
above these reserves for a variety of reasons, including our failure to predict the actual recovery rate accurately. To 
the extent we incur losses from overdrafts above our reserves or we determine that it is necessary to increase our 
reserves substantially, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely 
affected.

An impairment charge of goodwill or other intangibles could have a material adverse impact on our financial 

condition and results of operations.

Because we have grown in part through acquisitions, our net goodwill and intangible assets represent a significant 
portion of our consolidated assets. Our net goodwill and intangible assets were $473.8 million as of December 31, 
2015. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, we are required to test the 
carrying value of goodwill and intangible assets at least annually or sooner if events occur that indicate impairment 
could exist. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, including a 
significant  sustained  decline  in  a  reporting  unit’s  fair  value,  legal  and  regulatory  factors,  operating  performance 
indicators, competition and other factors.  

20

U.S. GAAP requires us to assign and then test goodwill at the reporting unit level.  If over a sustained period of 
time we experience a decrease in our stock price and market capitalization, which may serve as an estimate of the 
fair value of our reporting unit, this may be an indication of impairment.  If the fair value of our reporting unit is less 
than its net book value, we may be required to record goodwill impairment charges in the future.  In addition, if the 
revenue and cash flows generated from any of our other intangible assets is not sufficient to support its net book value, 
we may be required to record an impairment charge.  The amount of any impairment charge could be significant and 
could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations for the period in which the 
charge is taken.

If we are unable to keep pace with the rapid technological developments in our industry and the larger 
electronic  payments  industry  necessary  to  continue  providing  our  network  acceptance  members  and 
cardholders with new and innovative products and services, the use of our cards and other products and 
services could decline.

The electronic payments industry is subject to rapid and significant technological changes, including continuing 
advancements in the areas of radio frequency and proximity payment devices (such as contactless cards), e-commerce 
and mobile commerce, among others. We cannot predict the effect of technological changes on our business. We rely 
in part on third parties, including some of our competitors and potential competitors, for the development of, and access 
to, new technologies. We expect that new services and technologies applicable to our industry will continue to emerge, 
and these new services and technologies may be superior to, or render obsolete, the technologies we currently utilize 
in  our  products  and  services. Additionally,  we  may  make  future  investments  in,  or  enter  into  strategic  alliances  to 
develop,  new  technologies  and  services  or  to  implement  infrastructure  change  to  further  our  strategic  objectives, 
strengthen our existing businesses and remain competitive. However, our ability to transition to new services and 
technologies  that  we  develop  may  be  inhibited  by  a  lack  of  industry-wide  standards,  by  resistance  from  our  retail 
distributors, network acceptance members, third-party processors or consumers to these changes, or by the intellectual 
property rights of third parties. Our future success will depend, in part, on our ability to develop new technologies and 
adapt to technological changes and evolving industry standards. These initiatives are inherently risky, and they may 
not be successful or may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face settlement risks from our retail distributors, which may increase during an economic downturn.

The majority of our business is conducted through retail distributors that sell our products and services to consumers 
at their store locations. Our retail distributors collect funds from the consumers who purchase our products and services 
and then must remit these funds directly to accounts established for the benefit of these consumers at the banks that 
issue our cards. The remittance of these funds by the retail distributor takes on average two business days. If a retail 
distributor becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to remit proceeds to our card issuing 
bank  from  the  sales  of  our  products  and  services,  we  are  liable  for  any  amounts  owed  to  our  customers. As  of 
December 31, 2015, we had assets subject to settlement risk of $69.2 million. Given the possibility of recurring volatility 
in global financial markets, the approaches we use to assess and monitor the creditworthiness of our retail distributors 
may be inadequate, and we may be unable to detect and take steps to mitigate an increased credit risk in a timely 
manner.

Economic downturns could result in settlement losses, whether or not directly related to our business. We are not 
insured against these risks. Significant settlement losses could have a material adverse effect on our business, results 
of operations and financial condition.

Economic, political and other conditions may adversely affect trends in consumer spending.

The electronic payments industry, including the prepaid financial services segment within that industry, depends 
heavily upon the overall level of consumer spending. If conditions in the United States become uncertain or deteriorate, 
we may experience a reduction in the number of our cards that are purchased or reloaded, the number of transactions 
involving our cards and the use of our reload network and related services. A sustained reduction in the use of our 
products  and  related  services,  either  as  a  result  of  a  general  reduction  in  consumer  spending  or  as  a  result  of  a 
disproportionate reduction in the use of card-based payment systems, would materially harm our business, results of 
operations and financial condition.

Our business is dependent on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of computer network systems and 

data centers.

Our ability to provide reliable service to customers and other network participants depends on the efficient and 
uninterrupted operation of our computer network systems and data centers as well as those of our retail distributors, 
network acceptance members and third-party processors. Our business involves movement of large sums of money, 
processing of large numbers of transactions and management of the data necessary to do both. Our success in our 

21

branded and private label account programs, as well as our processing and settlement services, depends upon the 
efficient and error-free handling of the money that is a) collected by our retail distributors and remitted to network 
acceptance members or the banks that issue our cards and b) remitted from the IRS and states to taxpayers, tax refund 
preparation partners and the third party processors. We rely on the ability of our employees, systems and processes 
and  those  of  the  banks  that  issue  our  cards,  our  retail  distributors,  tax  refund  preparation  partners,  our  network 
acceptance members and third-party processors to process and facilitate these transactions in an efficient, uninterrupted 
and error-free manner. Their failure to do so could materially and adversely impact our operating revenues and results 
of operations, particularly during the tax season, when we derive substantially all of operating revenues for our tax 
refund processing services and a significant portion of our other operating revenues.

In the event of a breakdown, a catastrophic event (such as fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications 
failure or physical break-in), a security breach or malicious attack, an improper operation or any other event impacting 
our systems or processes, or those of our vendors, or an improper action by our employees, agents or third-party 
vendors, we could suffer financial loss, loss of customers, regulatory sanctions and damage to our reputation. The 
measures we have taken, including the implementation of disaster recovery plans and redundant computer systems, 
may not be successful, and we may experience other problems unrelated to system failures. We may also experience 
software defects, development delays and installation difficulties, any of which could harm our business and reputation 
and expose us to potential liability and increased operating expenses. Some of our contracts with retail distributors, 
including our contract with Walmart, contain service level standards pertaining to the operation of our systems, and 
provide the retail distributor with the right to collect damages and potentially to terminate its contract with us for system 
downtime exceeding stated limits. If we face system interruptions or failures, our business interruption insurance may 
not be adequate to cover the losses or damages that we incur.

We must be able to operate and scale our technology effectively to manage any future growth.

Our ability to continue to provide our products and services to network participants, as well as to enhance our 
existing  products  and  services  and  offer  new  products  and  services,  is  dependent  on  our  information  technology 
systems. If we are unable to manage the technology associated with our business effectively, we could experience 
increased costs, reductions in system availability and losses of our network participants. Any failure of our systems in 
scalability and functionality would adversely impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our future success depends on our ability to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize key personnel.

Our future success will depend, to a significant extent, on our ability to attract, integrate, retain and recognize key 
personnel, namely our management team and experienced sales, marketing and program and technology development 
personnel. Replacing departing key personnel can involve organizational disruption and uncertainty. We must retain 
and  motivate  existing  personnel,  and  we  must  also  attract,  assimilate  and  motivate  additional  highly-qualified 
employees. We may experience difficulty in managing transitions and assimilating our newly-hired personnel, which 
may adversely affect our business. Additionally, continued activist shareholder activities involving our company could 
make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel. Competition for qualified management, sales, marketing 
and program and technology development personnel can be intense. Competitors have in the past and may in the 
future attempt to recruit our top management and employees. If we fail to attract, integrate, retain and incentivize key 
personnel, our ability to manage and grow our business could be harmed.

We might require additional capital to support our business in the future, and this capital might not be 

available on acceptable terms, or at all.

If our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents balances and any cash generated from operations are not sufficient 
to meet our future cash requirements, we will need to access additional capital to fund our operations. We may also 
need to raise additional capital to take advantage of new business or acquisition opportunities. We may seek to raise 
capital by, among other things:

• 

• 

• 

issuing additional shares of our Class A common stock or other equity securities;

issuing debt securities; and

borrowing funds under a credit facility.

We may not be able to raise needed cash in a timely basis on terms acceptable to us or at all. Financings, if 
available, may be on terms that are dilutive or potentially dilutive to our stockholders. The holders of new securities 
may also receive rights, preferences or privileges that are senior to those of existing holders of our Class A common 
stock. In addition, if we were to raise cash through a debt financing, the terms of the financing might impose additional 
conditions or restrictions on our operations that could adversely affect our business. If we require new sources of 

22

financing but they are insufficient or unavailable, we would be required to modify our operating plans to take into account 
the limitations of available funding, which would harm our ability to maintain or grow our business.

The occurrence of catastrophic events could damage our facilities or the facilities of third parties on which 

we depend, which could force us to curtail our operations.

We  and  some  of  the  third-party  service  providers  on  which  we  depend  for  various  support  functions,  such  as 
customer service and card processing, are vulnerable to damage from catastrophic events, such as power loss, natural 
disasters, terrorism and similar unforeseen events beyond our control. Our principal offices, for example, are situated 
in southern California near known earthquake fault zones. If any catastrophic event were to occur, our ability to operate 
our business could be seriously impaired. In addition, we might not have adequate insurance to cover our losses 
resulting  from  catastrophic  events  or  other  significant  business  interruptions. Any  significant  losses  that  are  not 
recoverable under our insurance policies, as well as the damage to, or interruption of, our infrastructure and processes, 
could seriously impair our business and financial condition.

If  we  fail  to  maintain  proper  and  effective  internal  controls,  our  ability  to  produce  accurate  financial 
statements on a timely basis could be impaired, which could result in a loss of investor confidence in our 
financial reports and have an adverse effect on our stock price.

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting 
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial 
statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. If we are unable to maintain adequate internal control 
over financial reporting, we might be unable to report our financial information on a timely basis and might suffer adverse 
regulatory consequences or violate NYSE listing standards. There could also be a negative reaction in the financial 
markets due to a loss of investor confidence in us and the reliability of our financial statements. We have in the past 
and  may  in  the  future  discover  areas  of  our  internal  financial  and  accounting  controls  and  procedures  that  need 
improvement. Our internal control over financial reporting will not prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control 
system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the 
objectives of the control system will be met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation 
of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company 
will be detected. If we are unable to maintain proper and effective internal controls, we may not be able to produce 
accurate financial statements on a timely basis, which could adversely affect our ability to operate our business and 
could result in regulatory action, and could require us to restate, our financial statements. Any such restatement could 
result in a loss of public confidence in the reliability of our financial statements and sanctions imposed on us by the 
SEC.

Changes in accounting standards or inaccurate estimates or assumptions in the application of accounting 

policies could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and 
results of operations. Some of these policies require use of estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported 
value of our assets or liabilities and results of operations and are critical because they require management to make 
difficult, subjective and complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. If those assumptions, estimates 
or judgments were incorrectly made, we could be required to correct and restate prior period financial statements. 
Accounting  standard-setters  and  those  who  interpret  the  accounting  standards  (such  as  the  Financial Accounting 
Standards Board, the SEC, banking regulators and our independent registered public accounting firm) may also amend 
or even reverse their previous interpretations or positions on how various standards should be applied. These changes 
can be difficult to predict and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of 
operations. In some cases, we could be required to apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in the need 
to revise and republish prior period financial statements.

Our debt agreements contain restrictive covenants and financial ratio tests that restrict or prohibit our 
ability to engage in or enter into a variety of transactions. If we fail to comply with these covenants or tests, 
our indebtedness under these agreements could become accelerated, which could adversely affect us.

In  October  2014  we  entered  into  a  $225.0  million  term  credit  agreement  with  Bank  of America,  N.A.,  as  an 
administrative agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other lenders. This agreement contains various 
covenants that may have the effect of limiting, among other things, our ability and the ability of certain of our subsidiaries 
to: merge with other entities, enter into a transaction resulting in a change in control, create new liens, incur additional 
indebtedness, sell assets outside of the ordinary course of business, enter into transactions with affiliates (other than 
subsidiaries) or substantially change the general nature of our and our subsidiaries’ business, taken as a whole, make 
certain investments, enter into restrictive agreements, or make certain dividends or other distributions. These restrictions 

23

could limit our ability to take advantage of financing, merger, acquisition or other opportunities, to fund our business 
operations or to fully implement our current and future operating strategies.

Under the agreement, we have agreed to maintain compliance with a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and 
a minimum consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.75 and 1.25, respectively, at the end of any fiscal quarter.  
Our ability to meet these financial ratios and tests will be dependent upon our future performance and may be affected 
by events beyond our control (including factors discussed in this “Risk Factors" section). If we fail to satisfy these 
requirements, our indebtedness under these agreements could become accelerated and payable at a time when we 
are unable to pay them. This would adversely affect our ability to implement our operating strategies and would have 
a material adverse effect on our financial condition.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

The price of our Class A common stock may be volatile.

In the recent past, stocks generally, and financial services company stocks in particular, have experienced high 
levels of volatility. The trading price of our Class A common stock has been highly volatile since our initial public offering 
and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations. The trading price of our Class A common stock depends on a 
number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and 
may not be related to our operating performance. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our 
Class A common stock include the following:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

significant volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of financial services company stocks;

actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations or fluctuations in our operating results;

actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or the recommendations of any securities analysts 
who follow our Class A common stock;

actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape 
generally;

the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC;

business disruptions and costs related to shareholder activism;

litigation and investigations or proceedings involving us, our industry or both or investigations by regulators 
into our operations or those of our competitors;

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles;

general economic conditions; 

changes to the indices in which our Class A common stock is included; and

sales of shares of our Class A common stock by us or our stockholders.

In the past, many companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have become subject 
to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against 
us could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention from other business concerns, which could 
seriously harm our business.

Our business could be negatively affected by activist shareholder activities, including a proxy contest for 

the election of directors at our annual meeting, if any.

On January 25, 2016, Harvest Capital Strategies ("Harvest") delivered a letter to our Board of Directors that, among 
other things, called for the resignation or replacement of two of our Class III directors, the class whose term expires 
at our 2016 annual meeting of stockholders.  Should Harvest or another stockholder launch a proxy contest for the 
election of directors at our annual meeting, our business could be adversely affected by the proxy contest because it:

•  may require us to incur significant legal fees and proxy solicitation expenses;

•  may require significant time and attention from management and the board of directors and direct their attention 

away from our operations;

• 

could interfere with our ability to identify or pursue strategic alternatives;

24

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

could give rise to perceived uncertainties as to our future direction;

could adversely affect our relationships with key business partners and regulators;

could result in loss of current or potential business opportunities;

could make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified personnel; and

could result in individuals being elected to our board of directors to pursue a particular agenda, which may 
adversely affect our ability to implement our business strategy and create stockholder value.

Our charter documents, Delaware law and our status as bank holding company could discourage, delay 
or prevent a takeover that stockholders consider favorable and could also reduce the market price of our 
stock.

Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of 
our company. These provisions could also make it more difficult for stockholders to nominate directors for election to 
our board of directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions, among other things:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

provide for non-cumulative voting in the election of directors;

provide for a classified board of directors;

authorize our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to issue preferred stock with terms determined 
by our board of directors and to issue additional shares of our Class A common stock;

limit the voting power of a holder, or group of affiliated holders, of more than 24.9% of our common stock to 
14.9%;

provide that only our board of directors may set the number of directors constituting our board of directors or 
fill vacant directorships;

prohibit stockholder action by written consent and limit who may call a special meeting of stockholders; and

require advance notification of stockholder nominations for election to our board of directors and of stockholder 
proposals.

These and other provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as provisions under Delaware 
law, could discourage potential takeover attempts, reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future 
for shares of our Class A common stock and result in the trading price of our Class A common stock being lower than 
it otherwise would be.

In  addition  to  the  foregoing,  under  the  BHC Act  and  the  Change  in  Bank  Control Act,  and  their  respective 
implementing regulations, Federal Reserve Board approval is necessary prior to any person or company acquiring 
control of a bank or bank holding company, subject to certain exceptions. Control, among other considerations, exists 
if an individual or company acquires 25% or more of any class of voting securities, and may be presumed to exist if a 
person acquires 10% or more of any class of voting securities. These restrictions could affect the willingness or ability 
of a third party to acquire control of us for so long as we are a bank holding company.

If securities analysts do not continue to publish research or reports about our business or if they publish 
negative evaluations of our Class A common stock,  the trading price  of our Class A common stock  could 
decline.

We expect that the trading price for our Class A common stock will be affected by any research or reports that 
securities analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of the analysts who currently cover us or our 
business downgrade their evaluations of our Class A common stock, the price of our Class A common stock would 
likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company, we could lose visibility in the market 
for our Class A common stock, which in turn could cause our stock price to decline.

25

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None

ITEM 2. Properties

Our headquarters is located in Pasadena, California where we lease approximately 140,000 square feet. We own 
the  real  property  where  our  subsidiary  bank's  only  office  is  located  in  Provo,  Utah.  Through  our  wholly  owned 
subsidiaries, we lease office facilities in Birmingham, Alabama; San Diego, California; San Ramon, California; Austin, 
Texas; and Shanghai, China.  We also lease additional technology development and sale and support offices in Tampa, 
Florida; Bentonville, Arkansas; Palo Alto, California; and Westlake Village, California. We believe that our existing and 
planned facilities are adequate to support our existing operations and that, as needed, we will be able to obtain suitable 
additional facilities on commercially reasonable terms.

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

26

PART II

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities

Market Information

Our Class A common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol “GDOT.” The following table sets forth for the 

periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share of our Class A common stock as reported on the NYSE. 

Year ended December 31, 2015

Fourth Quarter

Third Quarter

Second Quarter

First Quarter

Year ended December 31, 2014

Fourth Quarter

Third Quarter

Second Quarter

First Quarter

Holders of Record

Low

High

$

15.83

$

15.91

14.59

13.87

$

19.76

$

16.57

16.53

19.22

19.27

20.94

21.62

20.79

24.47

23.52

20.32

26.87

As  of  January 31,  2016,  we  had  140  holders  of  record  of  our  Class A  common  stock.  The  actual  number  of 
stockholders is greater than this number of record holders, and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners, but 
whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not 
include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividends

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock, and we do not currently intend to pay 
any cash dividends on our Class A common stock for the foreseeable future. As a bank holding company, the Federal 
Reserve Board’s risk-based and leverage capital requirements, as well as other federal laws applicable to banks and 
bank holding companies, could limit our ability to pay dividends. We expect to retain future earnings, if any, to fund 
the development and future growth of our business. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends on our Class A common 
stock is limited by restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our existing credit 
facility.  Any future determination to pay dividends on our Class A common stock, if permissible, will be at the discretion 
of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our financial condition, operating results, current 
and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

Share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2015 was as follows (in millions, except 

per share amounts):

Period

October 1, 2015 to October 31, 2015

November 1, 2015 to November 30, 2015

December 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 (2) 

Total

Total Number of
Shares Purchased

Average Price Paid
Per Share (1)

—

—

$

16.49

—

—

0.1

0.1

27

Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans
or Programs

Approximate Dollar
Value of Shares
That May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs (3)

— $

—

0.1

0.1

$

110

110

108.3

108.3

(1) The average price paid per share is calculated on a trade date basis and excludes commission.

(2) In December 2015, we entered into a $10 million agreement to repurchase shares under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.  Of this amount, 
we repurchased approximately $1.7 million, or 0.1 million shares, in December 2015, and the remainder was completed in January 2016.  
Under this agreement, we repurchased a total of approximately 0.6 million shares at an average price of $16.15.

(3) The approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs is reduced by the $40 million that reflects 
the aggregate value of the stock held back by Bank of America Merrill Lynch pending final settlement of our accelerated share repurchase 
agreements with this firm. See Note 11 - Stockholders’ Equity to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein.

Through December 31, 2015, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $150 million of common 
stock.  As of December 31, 2015, we had repurchased 1.9 million shares of our common stock in the aggregate at an 
average  price  of  $17.20  per  share  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of  $41.7  million  since  inception  of  the  stock 
repurchase program, and the remaining authorized amount for stock repurchases under this program was $108.3 
million with no termination date.

Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise 
subject to the liabilities under that section and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing of 
Green Dot Corporation under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

The graph and table below compare the cumulative total stockholder return of Green Dot Corporation Class A 
common stock, the Russell 2000 Index, the S&P Small Cap 600 Index and the S&P 500 Financials Index for the period 
beginning on the close of trading on the NYSE on December 31, 2010 and ending on the close of trading on the NYSE 
on December 31, 2015. The graph assumes a $100 investment in our Class A common stock and each of the indices, 
and the reinvestment of dividends. 

28

The comparisons in the graph and table below are based on historical data and are not intended to forecast the 

possible future performance of our Class A common stock.

Total Return to Shareholders
(Includes reinvestment of dividends)

Company/ Index

Green Dot Corporation

Russell 2000

S&P Smallcap 600

S&P Financials

Base Period
12/31/10

$

$

$

$

100

100

100

100

$

$

$

$

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

55

96

101

83

$

$

$

$

22

111

118

107

$

$

$

$

44

155

166

145

$

$

$

$

36

162

176

167

$

$

$

$

29

155

172

164

29

ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data

The following tables present selected historical financial data for our business. This information should be read in 
conjunction with Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and 
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report. The selected consolidated financial data in this 
section is not intended to replace the financial statements and is qualified in its entirety by the consolidated financial 
statements and related notes.

We  derived  the  statements  of  operations  data  for  the  years  ended  December 31,  2015,  2014,  and  2013, 
respectively, and the balance sheet data as of December 31, 2015, and 2014 from our audited consolidated financial 
statements  included  in  Item  8  of  this  report.  We  derived  the  statements  of  operations  data  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2012 and 2011, and balance sheet data as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, from our audited 
consolidated financial statements not included in this report. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of our 
results to be expected in any future period.

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

Operating revenues:

Card revenues and other fees

Processing and settlement service revenues

Interchange revenues

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation(1)

Total operating revenues

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing expenses

Compensation and benefits expenses(2)

Processing expenses

Other general and administrative expenses

Total operating expenses

Operating income

Interest income

Interest expense

Other income

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

Net income

Income attributable to preferred stock

Net income allocated to common stockholders

Basic earnings per common share:

Class A common stock

Basic weighted-average common shares issued and
outstanding:

Class A common stock

Diluted earnings per common share:

Class A common stock

Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and
outstanding:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

318,083

$

253,155

$

227,227

$

224,745

$

209,489

179,289

178,040

183,359

171,757

(8,932)

(8,722)

601,552

573,621

182,614

196,523

(2,520)

694,700

230,441

168,226

102,144

134,560

635,371

59,329

4,737

(5,944)

—

58,122

19,707

38,415

(1,102)

235,227

123,083

79,053

105,200

542,563

58,989

4,064

(1,276)

7,129

68,906

26,213

42,693

(4,842)

165,232

164,559

(8,251)

546,285

209,870

114,930

77,445

71,900

218,370

127,287

89,856

88,976

524,489

474,145

49,132

3,440

(72)

—

52,500

18,460

34,040

(5,360)

72,140

4,074

(76)

—

76,138

28,919

47,219

(7,599)

134,143

141,103

(17,337)

467,398

168,747

87,671

70,953

56,578

383,949

83,449

910

(346)

—

84,013

31,930

52,083

(554)

$

$

37,313

$

37,851

$

28,680

$

39,620

$

51,529

0.73

$

0.92

$

0.78

$

1.11

$

1.24

51,332

40,907

35,875

34,499

39,956

$

0.72

$

0.90

$

0.76

$

1.07

$

1.19

Class A common stock

51,875

41,770

37,156

35,933

42,065

For the periods presented above, as applicable, we grouped the components of Class B common stock basic 
earnings per common share, or EPS, and diluted EPS with Class A common stock, as if they were one class, to conform 
to the current period presentation. 

30

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(3)

$

777,922

$

728,805

$

426,591

$

297,225

$

238,359

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

As of December 31,

(In thousands)

Investment securities, available-for-sale

Settlement assets(4)

Loans to bank customers

Total assets

Deposits

Obligations to customers(4)

Settlement obligations(4)

Long-term debt

Total liabilities

Total stockholders' equity

___________

181,539

69,165

6,279

120,431

148,694

6,550

1,691,448

1,614,288

652,145

565,401

61,300

5,074

100,686

1,028,126

663,322

98,052

4,484

121,651

985,298

628,990

198,744

183,787

37,004

6,902

875,474

219,580

65,449

4,839

—

473,225

402,249

36,127

7,552

725,728

198,451

46,156

3,639

—

397,964

327,764

31,210

27,355

10,036

425,859

38,957

—

27,355

—

172,663

253,196

(1)  Represents the recorded fair value of the shares for which our right to repurchase lapsed during the specified period pursuant 
to  the  terms  of  the  agreement  under  which  we  issued  2,208,552  shares  of  our  Class A  common  stock  to  Walmart.  See 
“Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key components of our results 
of operations — Operating revenues — Stock-based retailer incentive compensation” for more information. 

(2)  Includes stock-based compensation expense of $27.0 million, $20.3 million, $14.7 million, $12.7 million, and $9.5 million for 

the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011.

(3)  Includes $5.8 million, $4.2 million, $3.0 million, $0.6 million, and $12.9 million of restricted cash as of December 31, 2015, 
2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011, respectively. Also includes $0.0 million, $0.5 million, $0.1 million, $3.0 million and $2.4 million of 
federal funds sold as of December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

(4)  Our retail distributors collect customer funds for purchases of new cards and reloads at the point of sale and then remit these 
funds directly to bank accounts established for the benefit of these customers by the banks that issue our cards. During the 
third quarter of 2012, our retail distributors began remitting these funds to our subsidiary bank as we transitioned our card 
issuing program with Synovus Bank to our subsidiary bank. During the first quarter of 2014, we transitioned our card issuing 
program with GE Capital Bank to our subsidiary bank. Our retail distributors’ remittance of these funds takes an average of 
two business days. Settlement assets represent the amounts due from our retail distributors for customer funds collected at 
the point of sale that have not yet been received by our subsidiary bank. Obligations to customers represent customer funds 
collected from or to be remitted by our retail distributors for which the underlying products have not been activated. Settlement 
obligations represent the customer funds received by our subsidiary bank that are due to third-party card issuing banks upon 
activation.

31

ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are 
subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the 
“Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed to be 
forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections 
about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” 
“anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “endeavors,” 
“strives,” “may” and “assumes,” variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-
looking  statements.  In  addition,  any  statements  that  refer  to  projections  of  our  future  financial  performance,  our 
anticipated growth and trends in our businesses, and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are 
forward-looking  statements.  Readers  are  cautioned  that  these  forward-looking  statements  are  subject  to  risks, 
uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those identified below, under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk 
Factors,” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in 
any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for 
any reason.

In this Annual Report, unless otherwise specified or the context otherwise requires, “Green Dot,” “we,” “us,” and 

“our” refer to Green Dot Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

Green Dot Corporation, along with its wholly owned subsidiaries, is a pro-consumer financial technology innovator 
with a mission to reinvent personal banking for the masses. We are the largest provider of reloadable prepaid debit 
cards and cash reload processing services in the United States. We are also a leader in mobile technology and mobile 
banking with our award-winning GoBank mobile checking account. Additionally, we are the largest processor of tax 
refund  disbursements  in  the  U.S.  Our  products  and  services  are  available  to  consumers  through  a  large-scale 
"branchless bank" distribution network of more than 100,000 U.S. locations, including retailers, neighborhood financial 
service center locations and tax preparation offices, as well as online, in the leading app stores and through leading 
online tax preparation providers.

Financial Results and Trends

Our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

Total operating revenues

Total operating expenses

Net income

Total operating revenues

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

Change

%

(In thousands, except percentages)

694,700

635,371

38,415

601,552

542,563

42,693

93,148

92,808

(4,278)

15.5 %

17.1 %

(10.0)%

Total  operating  revenues  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  increased  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014, primarily due to increases in revenues contributed from our acquisitions, offset by decreases in 
revenues due to the discontinuation of our MoneyPak PIN product in early 2015.   Within our Account Services segment, 
card revenues and other fees and interchange revenues increased, driven primarily by sales of prepaid cards under 
programs  acquired  through  our  acquisitions  of  companies  focused  on  online  and  direct-to-consumer  marketing 
channels.  Within  our  Processing  and  Settlement  Services  segment,  revenues  increased  as  a  result  of  tax  refund 
processing revenues generated during the first six months of 2015, despite a significant decline in our cash transfer 
revenues, primarily as a result of the discontinuation of our MoneyPak PIN product.

As a result of the discontinuation of our MoneyPak PIN product during the first quarter of 2015, our cash transfer 
revenues have declined on a year-over-year basis in absolute dollars and as a percentage of total operating revenues. 
While it is difficult to precisely quantify the full extent to which our business has been impacted by the discontinuation 
of our MoneyPak PIN product, we believe the discontinuation has adversely impacted the performance of our key 
metrics during the year ended December 31, 2015, such as the number of active cards in our portfolio, gross dollar 
volume and purchase volume.

We experienced a decline in revenue associated with the Walmart MoneyCard program during the years ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2014 due primarily to lower fee products introduced under the program and a decline in the 

32

number of active cards.  As a result, our 2015 revenues from this program have declined on a year-over-year basis 
due primarily to the impact of lower fee cards comprising a larger portion of our overall active card portfolio. 

Total operating expenses

Total  operating  expenses  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2015  increased  compared  to  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014 due to increases in compensation and benefits expenses, processing expenses and other general 
and administrative expenses, which in each case increased as a percentage of total revenues.  These increases in 
operating expenses were offset by reductions in total sales and marketing expenses. 

Compensation and benefits expenses increased due to an increase in our employee headcount as a result of our 
acquisitions made in the fourth quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 2015 and an increase in employee stock based 
compensation. Our processing expenses increased primarily due to year-over-year growth in purchase volume and 
the related increase in costs incurred with our payment networks. Other general and administrative expenses increased 
primarily  due  to  increases  in  depreciation  and  amortization  of  property  and  equipment,  amortization  of  acquired 
intangible  assets,  impairment  charges  associated  with  internally  developed  software,  and  other  general  and 
administrative operating costs associated with our acquisitions made in the fourth quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 
2015.  These increases were offset primarily by a decrease in losses from customer disputes and changes in the fair 
value of our contingent consideration. Sales and marketing expenses decreased due to a decrease in variable costs, 
primarily sales commissions, partially offset by increases in advertising costs. Despite the increase in the commission 
rate we pay Walmart, as discussed below, the decrease in our variable costs was driven by period-over-period declines 
in units sales of our products and services. 

As previously announced, we renewed our Walmart MoneyCard agreement in June 2015. The term of the agreement 
is retroactive to May 1, 2015 and expires on May 1, 2020, with an automatic renewal clause for an additional period 
of two years, subject to certain terms as discussed in the agreement. Revenues generated under the MoneyCard 
program have represented a substantial portion of our total operating revenues. Under this new agreement, the sales 
commission rate we pay to Walmart for the MoneyCard program increased from the prior agreement. Consequently, 
our sales and marketing expenses during the second half of 2015 have been and for the first half of 2016 will be 
materially impacted by the increased commission rate, despite the fact that our sales and marketing expenses declined 
in 2015, as compared to 2014.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded an $8.2 million favorable adjustment for the fair value of 
contingent consideration related to our acquisitions. We recorded the change in fair value as a component of other 
general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statements of operations. The impact that this contingent 
consideration will have on our 2016 financial results will depend upon the financial performance of certain acquired 
subsidiaries.

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 was $19.7 million, compared to $26.2 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2014. Income tax expense decreased primarily as a result of generating lower income before 
income taxes and an overall lower effective tax rate. 

Key Metrics

We review a number of metrics to help us monitor the performance of, and identify trends affecting, our business. 

We believe the following measures are the primary indicators of our quarterly and annual revenues.

Number of Cash Transfers — represents the total number of reload transactions that we conducted through our 
retail distributors in a specified period. We processed 38.88 million, 50.13 million, and 49.52 million reload transactions 
for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We review this metric as a measure of the size 
and scale of our retail cash reload network, as an indicator of customer engagement and usage of our products and 
services, and to analyze cash transfer revenue, which is a key component of our financial performance.

Number of Tax Refunds Processed — represents the total number of tax refunds processed in a specified period. 
We processed 10.68 million tax refund transactions for the year ended December 31, 2015.  We had no tax refund 
transactions processed for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 since we did not acquire TPG until the fourth 
quarter of 2014. We review this metric as a measure of the size and scale of our tax refund processing platform and 
as an indicator of customer engagement and usage of our products and services.

Number of Active Cards — represents the total number of GPR cards and checking accounts in our portfolio that 
had a purchase, reload or ATM withdrawal transaction during the previous 90-day period. We had 4.50 million, 4.72 
million, and 4.49 million active cards outstanding as of December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We review 
this metric as a measure of the overall size and scale of our GPR card portfolio and an indicator of customer engagement 
and usage of our products and services.

33

Gross Dollar Volume — represents the total dollar volume of funds processed and settled by our consolidated 
enterprise, excluding tax refunds processed. Our gross dollar volume was $22.0 billion, $19.8 billion, and $18.7 billion
for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We review this metric as a measure of the size 
and scale of our processing infrastructure and as an indicator of customer engagement and usage of our products and 
services.

Purchase Volume — represents the total dollar volume of purchase transactions made by customers using our 
GPR, checking account and gift card products. This metric excludes the dollar volume of ATM withdrawals. Our purchase 
volume was $16.1 billion, $14.2 billion, and $13.4 billion for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, 
respectively. We use this metric to analyze interchange revenue, which is a key component of our financial performance.

Key components of our results of operations

Operating Revenues

We classify our operating revenues into the following four categories:

Card Revenues and Other Fees — Card revenues consist of monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees, new card fees 
and  other  revenues.  We  charge  maintenance  fees  on  GPR  cards  and  checking  accounts,  such  as  GoBank,  to 
cardholders on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in our cardholder agreements. We charge ATM 
fees to cardholders when they withdraw money at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in our 
cardholder agreements. We charge new card fees, if applicable, when a consumer purchases a GPR card, gift card, 
or a checking account product. Other revenues consist primarily of revenue associated with our gift card program, 
transaction-based fees and fees associated with optional products or services, which we offer to cardholders from time 
to time. 

Our aggregate monthly maintenance fee revenues vary primarily based upon the number of active cards in our 
portfolio and the average fee assessed per account. Our average monthly maintenance fee per active account depends 
upon the mix of products in our portfolio at any given point in time and upon the extent to which fees are waived based 
on various incentives provided to customers in an effort to encourage higher usage and retention. Our aggregate ATM 
fee revenues vary based upon the number of cardholder ATM transactions and the average fee per ATM transaction. 
The average fee per ATM transaction depends upon the mix of products in our portfolio at any given point in time and 
the extent to which cardholders use ATMs within our free network that carry no fee for cash withdrawal transactions. 
Our aggregate new card fee revenues vary based upon the number of GPR cards and checking accounts activated 
and the average new card fee. The average new card fee depends primarily upon the mix of products that we sell 
since there are variations in new account fees based on the product and/or the location or source where our products 
are purchased. Our aggregate other fees vary primarily based upon account sales of all types, gift card sales, purchase 
transactions and the number of active accounts in our portfolio.

Processing and Settlement Service Revenues — Processing and settlement service revenues consist of cash 
transfer revenues and tax refund processing service revenues. We earn cash transfer revenues when consumers fund 
their cards through a reload transaction at a Green Dot Network retail location. Our aggregate cash transfer revenues 
vary based upon the mix of locations where reload transactions occur, since reload fees vary by location. We earn tax 
refund processing service revenues when a customer of a third party tax preparation company chooses to pay their 
tax preparation fee through the use of our tax refund processing services.

Interchange Revenues — We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchant’s bank, which are 
based on rates established by the payment networks, when customers make purchase transactions using our products. 
Our aggregate interchange revenues vary based primarily on the number of active cards in our portfolio, the average 
transactional volume of the active cards in our portfolio and on the mix of cardholder purchases between those using 
signature identification technologies and those using personal identification numbers and the corresponding rates.

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation — In May 2010, we issued to Walmart 2,208,552 shares of our Class A 
common stock, subject to our right to repurchase them at $0.01 per share upon a qualifying termination of our prepaid 
card program agreement with Walmart. Prior to May 2015, we recognized each month the fair value of the 36,810 
shares issued to Walmart as to which our right to repurchase lapsed using the then-current fair market value of our 
Class A  common  stock.  We  recorded  the  fair  value  recognized  as  stock-based  retailer  incentive  compensation,  a 
contra-revenue component of our total operating revenues. Beginning in May 2015, we no longer record stock-based 
retailer compensation as a result of our repurchase right lapsing completely.  There is no additional stock-based retailer 
compensation under the terms of the renewed Walmart MoneyCard agreement.  

34

Operating Expenses

We classify our operating expenses into the following four categories:

Sales and Marketing Expenses — Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of the sales commissions we 
pay to our retail distributors and brokers, advertising and marketing expenses, and the costs of manufacturing and 
distributing card packages, placards and promotional materials to our retail distributors and personalized GPR and 
GoBank cards to consumers who have activated their cards. We generally establish sales commission percentages 
in long-term distribution agreements with our retail distributors, and aggregate sales commissions are determined by 
the number of prepaid cards, checking account products and cash transfers sold at their respective retail stores and, 
in certain cases, by the revenue generated from the ongoing use of those cards. We incur advertising and marketing 
expenses for television, online and in-store promotions. Advertising and marketing expenses are recognized as incurred 
and typically deliver a benefit over an extended period of time. For this reason, these expenses do not always track 
changes in our operating revenues. Our manufacturing and distribution costs vary primarily based on the number of 
GPR and GoBank accounts activated by consumers.

Compensation and Benefits Expenses —  Compensation and benefits expenses represent the compensation and 
benefits that we provide to our employees and the payments we make to third-party contractors. While we have an in-
house customer service function, we employ third-party contractors to conduct call center operations, handle routine 
customer service inquiries and provide consulting support in the area of IT operations and elsewhere. Compensation 
and benefits expenses associated with our customer service and loss management functions generally vary in line 
with the size of our active card portfolio, while the expenses associated with other functions do not.

Processing Expenses — Processing expenses consist primarily of the fees charged to us by the payment networks, 
which process transactions for us, the third-party card processor that maintains the records of our customers' accounts 
and processes transaction authorizations and postings for us, and the third-party banks that issue our accounts. These 
costs generally vary based on the total number of active accounts in our portfolio and gross dollar volume transacted 
by those accounts. Also included in processing expenses are bank fees associated with our tax refund processing 
services. Bank fees generally vary based on the total number of tax refund transfers processed.

Other General and Administrative Expenses — Other general and administrative expenses consist primarily of 
professional  service  fees,  telephone  and  communication  costs,  depreciation  and  amortization  of  our  property  and 
equipment  and  intangible  assets,  changes  in  contingent  consideration,  transaction  losses  (losses  from  customer 
disputed  transactions,  unrecovered  customer  purchase  transaction  overdrafts  and  fraud),  rent  and  utilities,  and 
insurance. We incur telephone and communication costs primarily from customers contacting us through our toll-free 
telephone numbers. These costs vary with the total number of active cards in our portfolio, as do losses from customer 
disputed  transactions,  unrecovered  customer  purchase  transaction  overdrafts  and  fraud.  Costs  associated  with 
professional  services,  depreciation  and  amortization  of  our  property  and  equipment,  amortization  of  our  acquired 
intangible  assets,  rent  and  utilities  vary  based  upon  our  investment  in  infrastructure,  business  development,  risk 
management and internal controls and are generally not correlated with our operating revenues or other transaction 
metrics.    

Income Tax Expense

Our income tax expense consists of the federal and state corporate income taxes accrued on income resulting 

from the sale of our products and services.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated 
financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts 
of  assets,  liabilities,  revenues,  costs  and  expenses  and  related  disclosures.  We  base  our  estimates  on  historical 
experience, current circumstances and various other assumptions that our management believes to be reasonable 
under the circumstances. In many instances, we could reasonably use different accounting estimates, and in some 
instances changes in the accounting estimates are reasonably likely to occur from period to period. Accordingly, actual 
results could differ significantly from the estimates made by our management. To the extent that there are differences 
between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flows will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to 
understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving 
management’s judgments and estimates.

35

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when the price is fixed or determinable, persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the 

product is sold or the service is performed, and collectibility of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured.

We defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over the period commensurate with our 
service obligation to our customers. We consider the service obligation period to be the average card lifetime. We 
determine the average card lifetime for each pool of homogeneous products (e.g., products that exhibit the same 
characteristics such as nature of service and terms and conditions) based on company-specific historical data. Currently, 
we determine the average card lifetime separately for our GPR cards and gift cards. For our GPR cards, we measure 
the card lifetime as the period of time, inclusive of reload activity, between sale (or activation) of a card and the date 
of the last positive balance on that card. We analyze GPR cards activated between six and thirty months prior to each 
balance sheet date. We use this historical look-back period as a basis for determining our average card lifetime because 
it provides sufficient time for meaningful behavioral trends to develop. Currently, our GPR cards have an average card 
lifetime of five months. The usage of gift cards is limited to the initial funds loaded to the card. Therefore, we measure 
these gift cards’ lifetime as the redemption period over which cardholders perform the substantial majority of their 
transactions. Currently, gift cards have an average lifetime of five months. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. 
Average card lifetimes may vary in the future as cardholder behavior changes relative to historical experience because 
customers are influenced by changes in the pricing of our services, the availability of substitute products, and other 
factors.

We  also  defer  and  expense  commissions  paid  to  retail  distributors  related  to  new  card  sales  ratably  over  the 

average card lifetime, which is currently five months for our GPR cards and five months for gift cards.

We report our different types of revenues on a gross or net basis based on our assessment of whether we act as 
a principal or an agent in the transaction. To the extent we act as a principal in the transaction, we report revenues on 
a  gross  basis.  In  concluding  whether  or  not  we  act  as  a  principal  or  an  agent,  we  evaluate  whether  we  have  the 
substantial risks and rewards under the terms of the revenue-generating arrangements, whether we are the party 
responsible for fulfillment of the services purchased by the cardholders, and other factors. For most of our significant 
revenue-generating arrangements, including GPR and gift cards, we recognize revenues on a gross basis. As it relates 
to our tax refund processing services, we act as an agent in these transactions and record revenues on a net basis.

Generally, customers have limited rights to a refund of the new card fee or a cash transfer fee. We have elected 
to recognize revenues prior to the expiration of the refund period, but reduce revenues by the amount of expected 
refunds, which we estimate based on actual historical refunds.

On  occasion,  we  enter  into  incentive  agreements  with  our  retail  distributors  and  offer  incentives  to  customers 
designed to increase product acceptance and sales volume. We record these incentives, including the issuance of 
equity instruments, as a reduction of revenues and recognize them over the period the related revenues are recognized 
or as services are rendered, as applicable.

Stock-Based Compensation

We record employee stock-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value. For stock options 
and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, we base compensation expense on fair values estimated 
at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, including restricted stock units, we 
base  compensation  expense  on  the  fair  value  of  our  Class  A  common  stock  at  the  grant  date.  We  recognize 
compensation expense for awards with only service conditions that have graded vesting schedules on a straight-line 
basis over the vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon continued service to our company. 

For performance based awards, we recognize compensation cost for the restricted stock units if and when we 
conclude it is probable that the performance will be satisfied, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date 
fair value of the stock. We reassess the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjust compensation expense 
based on the probability assessment.  For market based restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on 
the fair value estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation or similar lattice model. We recognize 
compensation expense over the requisite service period regardless of the market condition being satisfied, provided 
that the requisite service has been provided, since the estimated grant date fair value already incorporates the probability 
of outcomes that the market condition will be achieved.

We measure the fair value of equity instruments issued to non-employees as of the earlier of the date a performance 
commitment has been reached by the counterparty or the date performance is completed by the counterparty. We 
determine the fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model or the fair value of our Class A common stock, 
as applicable, and recognize related expense in the same periods that the goods or services are received.

36

Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts

Our cardholder accounts may become overdrawn as a result of maintenance fee assessments or from purchase 
transactions  that  we  honor,  in  each  case  in  excess  of  the  funds  in  the  cardholder’s  account.  While  we  decline 
authorization attempts for amounts that exceed the available balance in a cardholder’s account, the application of card 
association rules, the timing of the settlement of transactions and the assessment of the card’s monthly maintenance 
fee,  among  other  things,  can  result  in  overdrawn  accounts.  Overdrawn  account  balances  are  deemed  to  be  our 
receivables due from cardholders, and we include them as a component of accounts receivable, net, on our consolidated 
balance  sheets.  We  generally  recover  overdrawn  account  balances  from  those  cardholders  that  perform  a  reload 
transaction.  In  addition,  we  recover  some  overdrawn  account  balances  related  to  purchase  transaction  through 
enforcement of payment network rules, which allow us to recover the amounts from the merchant where the purchase 
transaction was conducted. However, we are exposed to losses from any unrecovered overdrawn account balances. 
The probability of recovering these amounts is primarily related to the number of days that have elapsed since an 
account  had  activity,  such  as  a  purchase, ATM  transaction  or  fee  assessment.  Generally,  we  recover  50-60%  of 
overdrawn account balances in accounts that have had activity in the last 30 days, less than 15% in accounts that 
have had activity in the last 30 to 60 days, and less than 10% when more than 60 days have elapsed.

We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts. We classify overdrawn accounts into age groups 
based on the number of days since the account last had activity. We then calculate a reserve factor for each age group 
based on the average recovery rate for the most recent six months. These factors are applied to these age groups to 
estimate our overall reserve. We rely on these historical rates because they have remained relatively consistent for 
several years. When more than 90 days have passed without any activity in an account, we consider recovery to be 
remote and charge off the full amount of the overdrawn account balance against the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn 
accounts. Our actual recovery rates and related estimates thereof may change in the future in response to factors such 
as customer behavior, product pricing and features that impact the frequency and velocity of reloads and other deposits 
to such accounts.

We  include  our  provision  for  uncollectible  overdrawn  accounts  related  to  maintenance  fees  and  purchase 
transactions as an offset to card revenues and other fees and in other general and administrative expenses, respectively, 
in our consolidated statements of operations.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

We review the recoverability of goodwill at least annually or whenever significant events or changes occur, which 
might impair the recovery of recorded costs. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating 
that  the  carrying  value  of  our  goodwill  may  not  be  recoverable,  include  a  decline  in  our  stock  price  and  market 
capitalization, declines in the market conditions of our products, reductions in our future cash flow estimates, and 
significant adverse industry or economic market trends, amongst others. We test for impairment of goodwill by assessing 
various qualitative factors with respect to developments in our business and the overall economy and calculating the 
fair value of a reporting unit using the discounted cash flow method, as necessary. In the event that the carrying value 
of assets is determined to be unrecoverable, we would estimate the fair value of the reporting unit and record an 
impairment  charge  for  the  excess  of  the  carrying  value  over  the  fair  value.  The  estimate  of  fair  value  requires 
management to make a number of assumptions and projections, which could include, but would not be limited to, future 
revenues, earnings and the probability of certain outcomes.

Intangible and other long lived-assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or 
changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Certain factors which may occur 
and indicate that an impairment exists include, but are not limited to the following: significant underperformance relative 
to expected historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of the underlying 
assets; and  significant  adverse  industry or market  economic  trends.  In  reviewing  for impairment,  we  compare  the 
carrying value of such assets to the estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected from the use of the assets 
and their eventual disposition. In the event that the carrying value of assets is determined to be unrecoverable, we 
would estimate the fair value of the assets and record an impairment charge for the excess of the carrying value over 
the fair value. The estimate of fair value requires management to make a number of assumptions and projections, 
which could include, but would not be limited to, future revenues, earnings and the probability of certain outcomes. 
During  the  three  months  ended  December 31,  2015,  we  completed  our  annual  goodwill  impairment  test  as  of 
September 30, 2015. Based on the results of step one of the annual goodwill impairment test, we determined that step 
two was not required for each of our reporting units as their fair values exceeded their carrying values indicating there 
was no impairment.  No impairment charges were recognized related to goodwill or intangible assets for the years 
ended  December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013.

37

Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 

Operating Revenues

The  following  table  presents  a  breakdown  of  our  operating  revenues  among  card  revenues  and  other  fees, 

processing and settlement service revenues and interchange revenues, as well as contra-revenue items:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

Operating revenues:

Card revenues and other fees

Processing and settlement service revenues

Interchange revenues

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Total operating revenues

$

$

318,083

182,614

196,523

(2,520)

694,700

45.8% $

26.3

28.3

(0.4)

100.0% $

253,155

179,289

178,040

(8,932)

601,552

42.1%

29.8

29.6

(1.5)

100.0%

Card  Revenues  and  Other  Fees  —  Card  revenues  and  other  fees  totaled  $318.1  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015, an increase of $64.9 million, or 26%, from the comparable period in 2014. The increase was 
primarily the result of a higher volume of monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees and transaction fees of $26.7 million, 
$16.8 million and $10.4 million, respectively, driven by our recent acquisitions of companies focused on online and 
direct-to-consumer marketing channels. Card revenues and other fees also increased as a result of period-over-period 
growth in revenue per active card, driven by favorable customer behavior in all of our prepaid card portfolios. 

Processing  and  Settlement  Service  Revenues  —  Processing  and  settlement  service  revenues  totaled  $182.6 
million for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $3.3 million, or 2%, from the comparable period in 2014.  
We generated $70.0 million in tax refund processing services, for which there were minimal revenues for the comparable 
period in 2014. The revenues generated from our tax refund processing services were offset by a period-over-period 
decline of 22% in the number of cash transfers sold or $66.6 million, due to the discontinuation of our MoneyPak PIN 
product during the first quarter of 2015.

Interchange Revenues — Interchange revenues totaled $196.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, 
an increase of $18.5 million, or 10%, from the comparable period in 2014. The increase was primarily the result of 
period-over-period growth of 13% in purchase volume, partially offset by a slight decline in the effective interchange 
rate we earn on purchase volume. This average rate decline was the result of a shift in the mix of payment networks 
and payment types and can fluctuate period to period.

Stock-based Retailer Incentive Compensation — Stock-based retailer incentive compensation was $2.5 million
for the year ended December 31, 2015, a decrease of $6.4 million, or 72%, from the comparable period in 2014. 
Beginning in May 2015, we no longer recorded stock-based retailer compensation as a result of our repurchase right 
lapsing completely.

Operating Expenses

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses among sales and marketing, compensation 

and benefits, processing, and other general and administrative expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing expenses

Compensation and benefits expenses

Processing expenses

Other general and administrative expenses

Total operating expenses

$

$

230,441

168,226

102,144

134,560

635,371

38

33.2% $

24.2

14.7

19.4

91.5% $

235,227

123,083

79,053

105,200

542,563

39.1%

20.5

13.1

17.5

90.2%

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales  and  Marketing  Expenses  —  Sales  and  marketing  expenses  totaled  $230.4  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015, a decrease of $4.8 million, or 2% from the comparable period in 2014. Despite the increased 
sales commission rate we pay to Walmart under the new agreement, sales commissions decreased as a result of a 
period-over-period decline in the number of active cards in our portfolio and a decrease in our cash transfer revenues. 
This decrease was partially offset by an increase in advertising and marketing expenses of $3.3 million due to our 
acquired subsidiaries that focus on online and direct-to-consumer marketing channels. 

Compensation and Benefits Expenses — Compensation and benefits expenses totaled $168.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $45.1 million or 37%, from the comparable period in 2014. This increase 
was due to increases of $35.8 million in employee salaries and related benefits, $6.7 million in stock based compensation 
and $2.7 million in third party contractor expenses, each primarily driven by our acquisitions from the fourth quarter of 
2014 and first quarter of 2015.

Processing Expenses — Processing expenses totaled $102.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, an 
increase of $23.0 million, or 29% from the comparable period in 2014. This increase was due to our growth in period-
over-period purchase volume of 13%, primarily attributable to our acquisitions from the fourth quarter of 2014 and first 
quarter of 2015, offset by an increase in volume incentives from the payment networks.

Other General and Administrative Expenses — Other general and administrative expenses totaled $134.6 million
for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $29.4 million, or 28%, from the comparable period in 2014. 
This increase was primarily driven by increases of $18.7 million in amortization of acquired intangibles, $6.1 million in 
depreciation and amortization of property and equipment, and $5.9 million in impairment charges associated with 
certain  capitalized  internal-use  use  software.  Other  general  and  administrative  expenses  were  also  impacted  by 
increases in general overhead expenses incurred during the normal course of operations and our acquisitions of $5.3 
million, our provision for overdrawn accounts of $3.4 million, and telecommunication expenses of $2.9 million. The 
overall increases in other general and administrative expenses was partially offset by an $8.2 million gain associated 
with the change in the fair value of contingent consideration, and decreases of $7.7 million in losses from customer 
disputed transactions and professional services of $1.3 million.

Income Tax Expense

The following table presents a breakdown of our effective tax rate among federal, state and other:

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

General business credits

Employee stock-based compensation

Transaction costs

Other

Effective tax rate

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

35.0%

0.4

(0.9)

0.8

(2.1)

0.7

33.9%

35.0%

1.1

(1.3)

0.7

1.8

0.7

38.0%

Our income tax expense decreased by $6.5 million to $19.7 million in the year ended December 31, 2015 from 
the comparable period in 2014 due to an decrease in income before income taxes and an decrease in our effective 
tax rate by 4.1 percentage points from 38.0% to 33.9%. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2014 is primarily attributable to transaction costs. 

Results of Operations by Segment 

Refer  to  Note  23—Segment  Information  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  related  notes  in  Item  8. 

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this report.

39

 
 
Comparison of Consolidated Results for the Years Ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 

Operating Revenues

The  following  table  presents  a  breakdown  of  our  operating  revenues  among  card  revenues  and  other  fees, 

processing and settlement service revenues and interchange revenues, as well as contra-revenue items:

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2013

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

Operating revenues:

Card revenues and other fees

Processing and settlement service revenues

Interchange revenues

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Total operating revenues

$

$

253,155

179,289

178,040

(8,932)

601,552

42.1% $

29.8

29.6

(1.5)

100.0% $

227,227

183,359

171,757

(8,722)

573,621

39.6%

32.0

29.9

(1.5)

100.0%

Card  Revenues  and  Other  Fees  —  Card  revenues  and  other  fees  totaled  $253.2  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014, an increase of $26.0 million, or 11%, from the comparable period in 2013. The increase was 
primarily the result of higher monthly maintenance fees of $17.9 million, driven by growth in the number of active cards 
in our portfolio and favorable mix impacts, as a greater proportion of these fees were derived from our Green Dot-
branded products, which have a higher average maintenance fee. The monthly maintenance fee increase also benefited 
from $5.6 million of additional fee revenue from the removal of courtesy fee waivers on certain accounts during the 
first quarter of 2014. Card revenues and other fees also increased due to an increase of $5.0 million in transaction-
based fees, driven by growth in the number of our products with this type of fee structure, and an increase of $4.1 
million in new card fee revenues, driven by period-over-period growth in new cards activated.

Processing  and  Settlement  Service  Revenues  —  Processing  and  settlement  service  revenues  totaled  $179.3 
million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of $4.1 million, or 2%, from the comparable period in 2013. 
Although we had period-over-period growth of 1% in the number of cash transfers sold, we had a greater number of 
fee-free cash transfers as compared to the same period in 2013. The increase in fee-free cash transfers was driven 
by customer adoption of one of our products at Walmart. 

Interchange Revenues — Interchange revenues totaled $178.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, an 
increase of $6.2 million, or 4%, from the comparable period in 2013. The increase was primarily the result of period-
over-period growth of 6% in purchase volume, partially offset by a slight decline in the effective interchange rate we 
earn on purchase volume. This average rate decline was the result of a shift in the mix of payment networks and 
payment types.

Stock-based Retailer Incentive Compensation — Stock-based retailer incentive compensation was $8.9 million
for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $0.2 million, or 2%, from the comparable period in 2013. Our 
right to repurchase lapsed as to 441,720 shares issued to Walmart during the year ended December 31, 2014. We 
recognized the fair value of the shares using the then-current fair market value of our Class A common stock. The 
increase was the result of a higher average stock price in the year ended December 31, 2014 compared with the 
corresponding period in 2013.

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Expenses

The following table presents a breakdown of our operating expenses among sales and marketing, compensation 

and benefits, processing, and other general and administrative expenses:

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2013

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

Amount

% of Total
Operating Revenues

(In thousands, except percentages)

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing expenses

Compensation and benefits expenses

Processing expenses

Other general and administrative expenses

Total operating expenses

$

$

235,227

123,083

79,053

105,200

542,563

39.1% $

20.5

13.1

17.5

90.2% $

218,370

127,287

89,856

88,976

524,489

38.1%

22.2

15.7

15.4

91.4%

Sales  and  Marketing  Expenses  —  Sales  and  marketing  expenses  totaled  $235.2  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2014, an increase of $16.8 million, or 8% from the comparable period in 2013. This increase was primarily 
the result of an increase of $18.5 million in sales commissions and $1.9 million of additional costs of manufacturing 
and distributing card packages, driven by period-over-period growth in new cards activated and a 1%  increase in the 
number of cash transfers sold. The cost of manufacturing and distributing card packages also increased as we rolled 
out new products, including the GoBank product at Walmart. Sales and marketing expenses were partially offset by a 
decrease in overall advertising expenses of $3.6 million.

Compensation and Benefits Expenses — Compensation and benefits expenses totaled $123.1 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of $4.2 million or 3%, from the comparable period in 2013. This decrease was 
primarily the result of an increase to our overall capitalization rate associated with internally-developed software and 
the absence of retention-based incentives associated with our acquisition of Loopt for the year ended December 31, 
2014, which had favorable impacts of $9.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively. Compensation and benefits expenses 
also decreased as a result of a decline of $4.7 million in third-party contractor expenses. These favorable impacts were 
offset by increases of $10.4 million in employee salaries and related benefits and $5.6 million in employee stock-based 
compensation due to growth in employee headcount and increases in incentive based awards to retain key employees.

Processing Expenses — Processing expenses totaled $79.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a 
decrease of $10.8 million, or 12% from the comparable period in 2013. This decrease was primarily due to a reduction 
of $9.5 million in fees paid to third-party issuing banks as we transitioned our card issuing program with GE Capital 
Retail Bank to Green Dot Bank in February 2014.

Other General and Administrative Expenses — Other general and administrative expenses totaled $105.2 million
for the year ended December 31, 2014, an increase of $16.2 million, or 18%, from the comparable period in 2013. This 
increase  was  primarily  the  result  of  a  $6.7  million  increase  in  professional  services,  primarily  associated  with  our 
acquisitions, a $5.5 million increase in depreciation and amortization of property and equipment associated with our 
investment in technology to support our new product launches and infrastructure, a $4.6 million increase in transaction 
losses, primarily associated with customer disputed transactions and a $4.4 million increase in amortization of acquired 
intangibles. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $5.2 million in impairment charges for the comparable 
period.  During 2013 these impairment charges were associated with capitalized internal-use software we determined 
were no longer viable.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Tax Expense

The following table presents a breakdown of our effective tax rate among federal, state and other:

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

General business credits

Employee stock-based compensation

Transaction costs

Other

Effective tax rate

Year Ended December 31,

2014

2013

35.0%

1.1

(1.3)

0.7

1.8

0.7

38.0%

35.0%

(0.2)

(2.3)

1.4

—

1.2

35.1%

Our income tax expense increased by $7.8 million to $26.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2014 from the 
comparable period in 2013 due to an increase in income before income taxes and an increase in our effective tax rate 
by 2.9 percentage points from 35.1% to 38.0%. The increase in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 
31,  2014  as  compared  to  the  year  ended  December  31,  2013  is  primarily  attributable  to  certain  non-deductible 
transaction costs incurred during the year and fewer general business credits. We recognized a discrete benefit in the 
first quarter of 2013 related to the reinstatement of 2012 general business credits.

Capital Management

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were categorized as "well capitalized" under the regulatory framework. 
There were no conditions or events since December 31, 2015 which management believes would have changed our 
category as "well capitalized." Our capital ratios and related regulatory requirements were as follows:

Green Dot Corporation:

Tier 1 leverage

Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Bank:

Tier 1 leverage

Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Corporation:

Tier 1 leverage

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Bank:

Tier 1 leverage

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

December 31, 2015

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory 
Minimum (1)

"Well-capitalized" 
Minimum (1)

(In thousands, except ratios)

347,801

347,801

347,801

349,396

152,737

152,737

152,737

153,164

25.9%

70.7%

70.7%

71.1%

20.4%

132.2%

132.2%

132.5%

4.0%

4.5%

6.0%

8.0%

15.0%

4.5%

6.0%

8.0%

n/a

n/a

6.0%

10.0%

15.0%

6.5%

8.0%

10.0%

December 31, 2014

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory 
Minimum (1)

"Well-capitalized" 
Minimum (1)

(In thousands, except ratios)

200,917

200,917

201,368

135,786

135,786

136,237

21.3%

45.4%

45.5%

17.9%

70.6%

70.8%

4.0%

5.5%

8.0%

15.0%

5.5%

8.0%

n/a

6.0%

10.0%

15.0%

6.0%

10.0%

(1) The tier 1 leverage regulatory minimum and well-capitalized minimum ratios for banks is 4% and 5%, respectively.  Our subsidiary bank is
subject to separate tier 1 leverage requirements that we have committed to with the Federal Reserve Board and Utah Department of
Financial Institutions.

42

 
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources

The following table summarizes our major sources and uses of cash for the periods presented:

Total cash provided by (used in)

Operating activities

Investing activities

Financing activities

Increase in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and federal funds sold

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands)

$

$

156,720

$

69,217

$

(175,718)

66,489

(187,346)

419,146

47,491

$

301,017

$

122,508

(53,396)

57,918

127,030

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 we financed our operations primarily through our 
cash flows from operations.  Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, we financed certain 
investing activities through our borrowings under our senior credit facility.  At December 31, 2015, our primary source 
of liquidity was unrestricted cash and cash equivalents totaling $772.1 million. We also consider our $181.5 million of 
investment securities available-for-sale to be highly-liquid instruments. 

We use trend and variance analysis as well as our detailed budgets and forecasts to project future cash needs, 
making adjustments to the projections when needed. We believe that our current unrestricted cash and cash equivalents 
and cash flows from operations, and borrowing capacity under our senior credit facility will be sufficient to meet our 
working capital, stock repurchase and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next year. Thereafter, we may 
need to raise additional funds through public or private financings or borrowings. Any additional financing we require 
may not be available on terms that are favorable to us, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of 
equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity 
securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common 
stock and our Series A convertible junior participating non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock. No assurance can be 
given that additional financing will be available or that, if available, such financing can be obtained on terms favorable 
to our stockholders and us.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our $156.7 million of net cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 principally 
resulted from $38.4 million of net income, adjusted for certain non-cash operating expenses of $91.2 million, and an 
increase in our net changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $27.1 million, driven primarily by an increase in 
our accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and income taxes receivable. Our $69.2 million of net cash provided by 
operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2014 principally resulted from $42.7 million of net income, adjusted 
for certain non-cash operating expenses of $67.4 million, offset by a decrease of $48.7 million in amounts due to card 
issuing banks for overdrawn accounts, primarily related to payments to GE Capital Retail Bank to settle our liability 
associated with overdrawn cardholder account balances. Our $122.5 million of net cash provided by operating activities 
in the year ended December 31, 2013 principally resulted from $34.0 million of net income, adjusted for certain non-
cash operating expenses of $62.0 million and an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $26.9 million
related primarily to the timing of escheatment and refund liabilities.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our $175.7 million of net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 reflects payments 
for business acquisitions of $65.2 million, net of cash acquired, payments for acquisition of property and equipment 
of purchases of $47.8 million, and purchases of available-for-sale investment securities, net of proceeds from sales 
and maturities, of $62.7 million. Our $187.3 million of net cash used in investing activities in the year ended December 31, 
2014 reflects payments for business acquisitions of $227.0 million, net of cash acquired, and payments for acquisition 
of property and equipment of $39.3 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of available-for-sale 
investment securities, net of purchases, of $77.2 million. Our $53.4 million of net cash used in investing activities in 
the year ended December 31, 2013 reflects payments for acquisition of property and equipment of $35.7 million and 
purchases of available-for-sale investment securities, net of sales and maturities, of $16.0 million. 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Our $66.5 million of net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2015 was primarily 
the result of increases of $86.7 million of deposits to customers associated with our GPR card program and $45.4 
million in obligations to customers, offset by $22.5 million in repayments of our note payable and $41.0 million used 

43

 
 
 
for our stock repurchase program. Our $419.1 million of net cash provided by financing activities in the year ended 
December 31, 2014 was primarily the result of $345.8 million of deposits, proceeds of $150.0 million associated with 
our term loan and and proceeds and excess tax benefits of $13.9 million associated with equity award activities.  These 
were offset by decreases of $79.4 million in obligations to customers. Our $57.9 million of net cash provided by financing 
activities  for  the  year  ended  December 31,  2013  was  the  result  of  $21.1  million  of  deposits  and  $19.6  million  of 
obligations to customers associated with our GPR card program, and proceeds and excess tax benefits of $18.7 million 
associated with equity award activities.

Commitments

We anticipate that we will continue to purchase property and equipment as necessary in the normal course of our 
business. The amount and timing of these purchases and the related cash outflows in future periods is difficult to 
predict and is dependent on a number of factors including the hiring of employees, the rate of change of computer 
hardware and software used in our business and our business outlook. During 2016, we intend to continue to invest 
in  new  products  and  programs,  new  features  for  our  existing  products  and  IT  infrastructure  to  scale  and  operate 
effectively to meet our strategic objectives. 

We have used cash to acquire businesses and technologies and we anticipate that we may continue to do so in 
the future. The nature of these transactions makes it difficult to predict the amount and timing of such cash requirements. 
We may also be required to raise additional financing to complete future acquisitions.

Additionally, we may need to make ongoing cash contributions to our subsidiary bank, Green Dot Bank, to maintain 
its capital, leverage and other financial commitments at levels we have agreed to with our regulators. For example, in 
connection with the transition of our card issuing program with GE Capital Retail Bank to Green Dot Bank in February 
2014, we contributed approximately $50 million in capital to Green Dot Bank and we settled our liability associated 
with overdrawn cardholder account balances, which is included in our consolidated balance sheet as "amounts due 
to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts." Additionally, our investment securities may act as short-term collateral 
to Green Dot Bank to satisfy any requirements associated with its legal lending limit.

Senior Credit Facility

In October 2014, we entered into a $225 million credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative 
agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and other lenders party thereto. The agreement provides for (i) a $75 
million five-year revolving facility (the “Revolving Facility”) and (ii) a five-year $150 million term loan facility (the “Term 
Facility” and, together with the Revolving Facility, the “Senior Credit Facility”).  At our election, loans made under the 
credit agreement bear interest at (1) a LIBOR rate or (2) a base rate as defined in the agreement, plus an applicable 
margin  (3.17%  as  of  December 31,  2015).    The  balance  outstanding  on  the  Term  Facility  was  $121.7  million  at 
December 31, 2015, net of deferred financing fees.  Quarterly principal payments of $5.6 million are payable on the 
loans  under  the Term  Facility. The  loans  made  under  the Term  Facility  mature  and  all  amounts  then  outstanding 
thereunder are payable on October 23, 2019. There were no borrowings on the Revolving Facility at  December 31, 
2015.  We are also subject to certain financial covenants, which include maintaining a minimum fixed charge coverage 
ratio and a maximum consolidated leverage ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter, as defined in the agreement, as 
amended. At December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

Share Repurchase Program

In  June  2015,  we  announced  that  our  Board  of  Directors  had  authorized  a  stock  repurchase  program. As  of 
December 31, 2015, our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to $150 million of common stock 
under this program. The stock repurchase program will continue until otherwise suspended, terminated or modified at 
any time for any reason by our Board of Directors.

In September 2015, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement ("ASR") with a financial institution 
to repurchase shares of our common stock as part of our repurchase program. Under the ASR agreement, in exchange 
for an up-front payment of $40 million, we received an initial delivery of approximately 1.8 million shares on September 
4, 2015 based on the then current market price of our stock.  The ASR settled in January 2016 and the total number 
of shares repurchased was approximately 2.3 million at an average price of $17.08 per share. 

In  December  2015,  we  entered  into  a  $10  million  agreement  to  repurchase  shares  under  Rule10b5-1  of  the 
Exchange Act. As of December 31, 2015, we repurchased approximately $1.7 million, or 0.1 million shares, at an 
average share price of $16.49 under this plan.  The remaining repurchases under this agreement were completed in 
January 2016.  In total, we received approximately 0.6 million shares at an average price of $16.15 under this agreement.

44

As  of December 31,  2015,  the  remaining  authorized  amount  under  the  current  authorization  totaled 
approximately $108.3 million, after giving effect to our share repurchases during the year. We expect to continue to 
repurchase shares of our Class A common stock at a rate of $50 million annually. 

Contractual Obligations

Our  contractual  commitments  will  have  an  impact  on  our  future  liquidity. The  following  table  summarizes  our 
contractual  obligations,  including  both  on  and  off-balance  sheet  transactions  that  represent  material  expected  or 
contractually  committed  future  obligations,  at  December 31,  2015.  We  believe  that  we  will  be  able  to  fund  these 
obligations through cash generated from operations and from our existing cash balances. 

Long-term debt obligations

Capital lease obligations

Operating lease obligations

Purchase obligations(1)

Total

___________

Payments Due by Period

Total

Less than 1
Year

1-3 Years

3-5 Years

(In thousands)

More than 5
Years

$

127,500

$

22,500

$

45,000

$

60,000

$

769

43,627

51,644

385

8,352

29,101

384

12,924

21,633

—

11,363

910

—

—

10,988

—

$

223,540

$

60,338

$

79,941

$

72,273

$

10,988

(1)  Primarily future minimum payments under agreements with vendors and our retail distributors. See Note 19-Commitments and 

Contingencies of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated 
organizations or financial partnerships, such as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been 
established  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  off-balance  sheet  arrangements  or  other  contractually  narrow  or  limited 
purposes.

45

Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies

As discussed in Part I, Item 1. Business, we became a bank holding company in December 2011. This section 
presents information required by the SEC’s Industry Guide 3, “Statistical Disclosure by Bank Holding Companies.” 
The tables in this section include Green Dot Bank information only. 

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

The  following  table  presents  average  balance  data  and  interest  income  and  expense  data  for  our  banking 
operations, as well as the related interest yields and rates for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 and 
average balance data for the period ended December 31, 2013:

2015

Interest 
income/
interest 
expense

Average
balance

Year ended December 31,

Yield/
rate

Average
balance

2014

Interest
income/
interest
expense

(In thousands, except percentages)

Assets

Interest-bearing assets

Loans (1)

$

7,014

$

739

10.5% $

7,154

$

Taxable investment
securities

Non-taxable investment
securities

Federal reserve stock

Federal funds sold

Cash

Total interest-bearing assets

Non-interest bearing assets

108,122

903

3,855

468

676,400

796,762

66,828

1,179

19

234

1

1,734

3,906

1.1

2.1

6.1

0.2

0.3

0.5%

53,280

1,029

3,481

380

642,608

707,932

64,632

553

506

22

213

1

1,606

2,901

Period ended
December 31,

2013

Yield/
rate

Average
balance

7.7% $

7,676

0.9

2.1

6.1

0.3

0.2

0.4%

Total assets

$

863,590

$

772,564

$

Liabilities

Interest-bearing liabilities

Negotiable order of
withdrawal (NOW)

Savings deposits

Time deposits,
denominations greater than
or equal to $100

Time deposits,
denominations less than
$100

Total interest-bearing liabilities

Non-interest bearing liabilities

Total liabilities

Total stockholders' equity

$

1,025

$

8,181

5,576

1,874

16,656

696,176

712,832

150,758

1

11

44

12

68

0.1% $

1,338

$

0.1

0.8

0.6

0.4%

6,820

5,735

1,806

15,699

626,110

641,809

130,755

1

10

38

15

64

0.1% $

0.1

0.7

0.8

0.4%

Total liabilities and stockholders'
equity

$

863,590

$

772,564

$

396,138

Net interest income/yield on
earning assets

___________

$

3,838

0.1%

$

2,837

0.0%

(1)  Non-performing loans and leases are included in the respective average loan and lease balances. Income, if any, on such 

loans and leases is recognized on a cash basis.

46

19,415

1,539

1,603

1,561

310,552

342,346

53,792

396,138

1,607

6,231

5,825

2,288

15,951

314,002

329,953

66,185

The following table presents the rate/volume variance in interest income and expense for the year ended 

December 31, 2015:

Loans

Taxable investment securities

Non-taxable investment securities

Federal reserve stock

Federal funds sold

Cash

Negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW)

Savings deposits

Time deposits, denominations greater than or equal to $100

Time deposits, denominations less than $100

___________

$

$

$

$

Total Change in
Interest Income/
Expense

December 31, 2015

Change Due to
Rate (1)

(In thousands)

$

228

$

(85)

—

(2)

—

33

192

667

(3)

21

—

128

1,005

$

174

$

— $

— $

—

6

(2)

(2)

—

—

4

$

(2) $

Change Due to
Volume (1)

(36)

752

(3)

23

—

95

831

—

2

6

(2)

6

(1)  The change in interest income and expense not solely due to changes in volume or rate has been allocated on a pro-rata basis 

to the volume and rate columns.

Investment Portfolio

The  following  table  presents  the  amortized  cost  and  fair  value  of  Green  Dot  Bank’s  investment  portfolio  at 

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

December 31, 2013

Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

Amortized
Cost

Fair Value

(In thousands)

Corporate bonds

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

$

30,186

$

30,147

$

27,107

$

27,069

$

28,718

$

28,730

—

100,206

854

—

99,781

865

—

36,251

908

—

36,220

920

245

4,169

1,672

245

4,002

1,679

Total fixed-income securities

$

131,246

$

130,793

$

64,266

$

64,209

$

34,804

$

34,656

The following table shows the scheduled maturities, by amortized cost, and average yields for Green Dot Bank’s 

investment portfolio at December 31, 2015:

Due in one year
or less

Due after one
year through
five years

Due after five
years through
ten years

Due after ten
years

Total

Corporate bonds

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Total fixed-income securities

Weighted-average yield

$

$

(In thousands, except percentages)

23,390

$

6,796

$

— $

— $

—

—

—

534

23,390

$

7,330

$

—

320

320

100,206

—

30,186

100,206

854

$

100,206

$

131,246

0.85%

1.00%

4.21%

1.36%

1.25%

47

Loan Portfolio

The aggregate loan portfolio carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, totaled $6.7 million at 
December 31, 2015 or a 4% decrease compared to December 31, 2014. The following table shows the composition 
of Green Dot Bank’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013:

Residential

Commercial

Installment

Total loans

Loans on nonaccrual status

Loans past due 90 days or more

Total TDR

As of December 31,

2015

2014

2013

$

$

$

(In thousands)

3,863

$

3,861

$

313

2,529

697

2,436

6,705

$

6,994

$

664

$

189

$

19

166

4

158

3,383

1,474

2,509

7,366

473

—

296

The following table presents a maturity distribution for loan categories as of December 31, 2015:

Residential

Fixed rate

Commercial

Fixed rate

Installment

Fixed rate

Total loans

Due in one year
or less

Due after one year
through five years

Due after five
years

Total

(In thousands)

$

$

1,319

$

1,907

$

637

$

3,863

294

466

2,079

$

19

1,972

3,898

$

—

91

728

$

313

2,529

6,705

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses totaled $0.4 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014. Our allowance for loan losses 
is established based on the credit characteristics and risk inherent in our loan portfolio, as well as the identification of 
certain impaired loans and the specific reserves we apply to cover their potential losses. Refer to Note 2 - Summary 
of Significant Accounting Policies in Item 8 of this report for our accounting policy on allowance for loan losses. 

48

Allowance for loan losses:

  Beginning balance

    Loans charged off:

      Commercial

      Residential

      Installment

  Total

    Recoveries of loans previously charged off:

      Commercial

      Residential

      Installment

  Total

Net loans charged off

Provision for allowance for loan losses

Ending balance

Allowance for loan losses to loans outstanding at year-end

Net charge-offs to average loans

Total (reduction of) provision for credit losses to average loans

Recoveries to gross charge-offs

Allowance for loan losses as a multiple of net charge-offs

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

(In thousands, except percentages)

$

444

$

464

—

—

44

44

10

4

50

64

(20)

(38)

426

$

6.3 %

0.60 %

(0.52)%

0.87 %

9.68

$

—

—

66

66

10

4

12

26

40

20

444

6.3%

0.93%

0.28%

0.37%

6.73

At December 31, 2015, the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of impaired and TDR 

loans totaled $0.7 million. Of these loans, $0.2 million have a specific allowance.

The components of our allowance for loan losses, by category, are as follows:

Loan category:

  Commercial

  Residential

  Installment

Total

Loan Portfolio Concentrations

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Allowance

% of Loans

Allowance

% of Loans

(In thousands, except percentages)

$

$

9

119

298

426

2.1% $

27.9

70.0

100.0% $

25

139

280

444

5.6%

31.3

63.1

100.0%

Green Dot Bank, our subsidiary bank, operates at a single office in Provo, Utah located in the Utah County area. 
As of December 31, 2015, approximately 93.4% of our borrowers resided in the state of Utah and approximately 40.2%
in the city of Provo. Consequently, this loan portfolio is susceptible to any adverse market or environmental conditions 
that may impact this specific geographic region.

49

Deposits

The following table shows Green Dot Bank’s average deposits and the annualized average rate paid on those 

deposits for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

December 31, 2013

Average
Balance

Weighted-
Average
Rate

Average
Balance

Weighted-
Average
Rate

Average
Balance

Weighted-
Average
Rate

(In thousands, except percentages)

Interest-bearing deposit accounts

Negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW)

$

Savings deposits

Time deposits, denominations greater
than or equal to $100

Time deposits, denominations less than
$100

Total interest-bearing deposit accounts

Non-interest bearing deposit accounts

1,025

8,181

5,576

1,874

16,656

589,601

0.1% $

0.1

0.9

1.0

0.5%

1,054

7,034

5,321

1,806

15,215

469,661

—% $

0.1

0.9

0.7

0.4%

Total deposits

$

606,257

$

484,876

$

0.1%

0.1

0.9

0.6

0.5%

1,607

6,230

5,414

2,698

15,949

50,151

66,100

The  following  table  shows  the  scheduled  maturities  for  Green  Dot  Bank’s  time  deposits  portfolio  greater  than 

$100,000 at December 31, 2015:

Less than 3 months

3 through 6 months

6 through 12 months

Greater than 12 months

Key Financial Ratios

December 31, 2015

(In thousands)

$

$

316

1,151

799

4,002

6,268

The following table shows certain of Green Dot Bank’s key financial ratios for the years ended December 31, 2015,  

2014, and 2013:

Net return on assets

Net return on equity

Equity to assets ratio

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

December 31, 2013

1.2%

6.9

17.5

1.3%

7.5

16.9

1.1%

6.5

16.7

ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential for economic losses from changes in market factors such as foreign currency exchange 
rates, credit, interest rates and equity prices. We believe that we have limited exposure to risks associated with changes 
in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices. We have no significant foreign operations. We do 
not hold or enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest rates

We do not consider our cash and cash equivalents or our investment securities to be subject to significant interest 

rate risk due to their short duration.

As of December 31, 2015, we had a $121.7 million term loan outstanding under our $225.0 million credit agreement.  
Refer to Note 10 — Note Payable to the Consolidated Financial Statements included herein for additional information. 
Our term loan and revolving credit facility are, and are expected to be, at variable rates of interest and expose us to 
interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase 
even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income would decrease. Although any short-term 
borrowings under our revolving credit facility would likely be insensitive to interest rate changes, interest expense on 
short-term borrowings will increase and decrease with changes in the underlying short-term interest rates. Assuming 
our credit agreement is drawn up to its maximum borrowing capacity of $225.0 million, based on the applicable LIBOR 
and margin in effect as of December 31, 2015, each quarter point of change in interest rates would result in a $0.6 

50

million change in our annual interest expense. We actively monitor our interest rate exposure and our objective is to 
reduce, where we deem appropriate to do so, fluctuations in earnings and cash flows associated with changes in 
interest rates. In order to accomplish this objective, we may enter into derivative financial instruments, such as forward 
contracts and interest rate hedge contracts only to the extent necessary to manage our exposure. We do not hold or 
enter into derivatives or other financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Credit and liquidity risk

We do have exposure to credit and liquidity risk associated with the financial institutions that hold our cash and 
cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash,  available-for-sale  investment  securities,  settlement  assets  due  from  our  retail 
distributors that collect funds and fees from our customers, and amounts due from our issuing banks for fees collected 
on our behalf.

We manage the credit and liquidity risk associated with our cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale investment 
securities and amounts due from issuing banks by maintaining an investment policy that restricts our correspondent 
banking relationships to approved, well capitalized institutions and restricts investments to highly liquid, low credit risk 
assets. Our policy has limits related to liquidity ratios, the concentration that we may have with a single institution or 
issuer and effective maturity dates as well as restrictions on the type of assets that we may invest in. The management 
Asset Liability Committee is responsible for monitoring compliance with our Capital Asset Liability Management policy 
and related limits on an ongoing basis, and reports regularly to the audit committee of our board of directors.

Our exposure to credit risk associated with our retail distributors is mitigated due to the short time period, currently 
an average of two days that retailer settlement assets are outstanding. We perform an initial credit review and assign 
a  credit  limit  to  each  new  retail  distributor.  We  monitor  each  retail  distributor’s  settlement  asset  exposure  and  its 
compliance with its specified contractual settlement terms on a daily basis and assess their credit limit and financial 
condition on a periodic basis. Our management's Enterprise Risk Management Committee is responsible for monitoring 
our retail distributor exposure and assigning credit limits and reports regularly to the audit committee of our board of 
directors.

51

ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 
and 2013  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 
2014 and 2013  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013  . . . .

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Page

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

All financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not 
present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included 
in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

52

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Green Dot Corporation

We have audited Green Dot Corporation's (the Company) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework)  (the  COSO  criteria).  Green  Dot  Corporation's 
management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment 
of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Report of Management 
on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal 
control over financial reporting based on our audit. 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining 
an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing 
and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing 
such  other  procedures  as  we  considered  necessary  in  the  circumstances.  We  believe  that  our  audit  provides  a 
reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect 
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions 
are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate.

In  our  opinion,  Green  Dot  Corporation  maintained,  in  all  material  respects,  effective  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the COSO criteria.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States), the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements 
of operations, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in 
the period ended December 31, 2015 of Green Dot Corporation and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed 
an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Los Angeles, California
February 29, 2016 

53

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Green Dot Corporation

We  have  audited  the  accompanying  consolidated  balance  sheets  of  Green  Dot  Corporation  (the  Company)  as  of 
December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes 
in stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. These 
financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion 
on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether 
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence 
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement 
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

In  our  opinion,  the  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the  consolidated 
financial  position  of  Green  Dot  Corporation  at  December 31,  2015  and  2014,  and  the  consolidated  results  of  its 
operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with 
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States), Green Dot Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated February 29, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion 
thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Los Angeles, California
February 29, 2016

54

December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands, except par value)

$

772,128

$

1

5,793

49,106

69,165

42,153

30,511

6,434

975,291

—

132,433

6,279

6,416

78,877

14,509

3,864

473,779

GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Assets

Current assets:

Unrestricted cash and cash equivalents

Federal funds sold

Restricted cash

Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value

Settlement assets

Accounts receivable, net

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Income tax receivable

Total current assets

Restricted cash

Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value

Loans to bank customers, net of allowance for loan losses of $426 and $444 as of December 31, 2015 and
2014, respectively

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Property and equipment, net

Deferred expenses

Net deferred tax assets

Goodwill and intangible assets

Total assets

Current liabilities:

Accounts payable

Deposits

Obligations to customers

Settlement obligations

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

$

$

1,691,448

$

37,186

$

Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts

Other accrued liabilities

Deferred revenue

Note payable

Total current liabilities

Other accrued liabilities

Note payable

Net deferred tax liabilities

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies (Note 19)

Stockholders’ equity:

Convertible Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value: 10 shares authorized as of December 31, 2015
and 2014; 2 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and 2014

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2015 and 2014;
50,502 and 51,146 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively

Additional paid-in capital

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Total stockholders’ equity

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

652,145

61,300

5,074

1,067

87,635

22,901

20,966

888,274

37,894

100,686

1,272

1,028,126

2

51

379,376

284,108

(215)

663,322

See notes to consolidated financial statements

$

1,691,448

$

55

724,158

480

2,015

46,650

148,694

48,917

22,458

16,290

1,009,662

2,152

73,781

6,550

6,034

77,284

17,326

4,299

417,200

1,614,288

36,444

565,401

98,052

4,484

1,224

79,137

24,418

20,966

830,126

31,495

121,651

2,026

985,298

2

51

383,296

245,693

(52)

628,990

1,614,288

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

318,083

$

253,155

$

Operating revenues:

Card revenues and other fees

Processing and settlement service revenues

Interchange revenues

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Total operating revenues

Operating expenses:

Sales and marketing expenses

Compensation and benefits expenses

Processing expenses

Other general and administrative expenses

Total operating expenses

Operating income

Interest income

Interest expense

Other income

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

Net income

Income attributable to preferred stock

Net income available to common stockholders

Basic earnings per common share:

Diluted earnings per common share:

Basic weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding:

Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding:

$

$

$

182,614

196,523

(2,520)

694,700

230,441

168,226

102,144

134,560

635,371

59,329

4,737

(5,944)

—

58,122

19,707

38,415

(1,102)

37,313

0.73

0.72

51,332

51,875

$

$

$

179,289

178,040

(8,932)

601,552

235,227

123,083

79,053

105,200

542,563

58,989

4,064

(1,276)

7,129

68,906

26,213

42,693

(4,842)

37,851

$

0.92

0.90

$

$

40,907

41,770

227,227

183,359

171,757

(8,722)

573,621

218,370

127,287

89,856

88,976

524,489

49,132

3,440

(72)

—

52,500

18,460

34,040

(5,360)

28,680

0.78

0.76

35,875

37,156

See notes to consolidated financial statements

56

 
 
GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Net income

Other comprehensive loss

Unrealized holding losses, net of tax

Comprehensive income

2015

Year Ended December 31,

2014

(In thousands)

2013

38,415

$

42,693

$

34,040

(163)

38,252

$

(5)

42,688

$

(153)

33,887

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements

57

GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Convertible Preferred
Stock

Class A Common
Stock

Class B Common
Stock

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Shares

Amount

Additional
Paid-in
Capital

Retained
Earnings

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)

Total
Stockholders'
Equity

(In thousands)

$

158,656

$

168,960

$

106

$

327,764

Balance at December 31, 2012

7

$

Common stock issued under stock plans, net of
withholdings and related tax effects

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Conversion of Class B common stock by
stockholders

Net income

Other comprehensive loss

Balance at December 31, 2013

Common stock issued under stock plans, net of
withholdings and related tax effects
Stock-based compensation

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

—

—

—

—

—

—

7

—

—

—

$

7

—

—

—

—

—

—

7

—

—

—

Conversion of preferred stock

(5)

(5)

Issuance of shares related to acquisitions

Net income

Other comprehensive loss

Balance at December 31, 2014

Common stock issued under stock plans, net of
withholdings and related tax effects
Stock-based compensation

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Shares issued in business combination

Repurchases of Class A common stock

Net income

Other comprehensive loss

Balance at December 31, 2015

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

$

$

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

31,798

$

620

—

—

5,311

—

—

37,729

$

1,487

—

—

5,345

6,585

—

—

51,146

$

798

—

—

514

(1,956)

—

—

50,502

$

31

1

—

—

6

—

—

38

1

—

—

5

7

—

—

51

1

—

—

1

(2)

—

—

51

4,197

$

1,114

—

—

(5,311)

—

—

4

2

—

—

(6)

—

—

17,170

14,703

8,722

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

34,040

—

— $

— $

199,251

$

203,000

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

10,680

20,329

8,932

—

144,104

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

42,693

—

—

—

—

—

—

(153)

(47) $

—

—

—

—

—

—

(5)

17,173

14,703

8,722

—

34,040

(153)

402,249

10,681

20,329

8,932

—

144,111

42,693

(5)

— $

— $

383,296

$

245,693

$

(52) $

628,990

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(2,059)

27,011

2,520

10,258

(41,650)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

38,415

—

— $

— $

379,376

$

284,108

$

—

—

—

—

—

—

(163)

(215) $

(2,058)

27,011

2,520

10,259

(41,652)

38,415

(163)

663,322

See notes to consolidated financial statements

58

GREEN DOT CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

2015

Year Ended December 31,

2014

(In thousands)

2013

$

38,415

$

42,693

$

34,040

Operating activities

Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment

Amortization of intangible assets

Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts

Employee stock-based compensation

Stock-based retailer incentive compensation

Amortization of premium on available-for-sale investment securities

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Amortization of deferred financing costs

Impairment of capitalized software

Deferred income tax (benefit) expense

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Accounts receivable, net

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Deferred expenses

Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities

Amounts due to card issuing banks for overdrawn accounts

Deferred revenue

Income tax receivable

Other, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Investing activities

Purchases of available-for-sale investment securities

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale securities

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities

(Increase) decrease in restricted cash

Payments for acquisition of property and equipment

Net principal collections on loans

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired

Net cash used in investing activities

Financing activities

Borrowings from note payable

Repayments of borrowings from note payable

Borrowings on revolving line of credit

Repayments on revolving line of credit

Proceeds from exercise of options

Excess tax benefits from exercise of options

Taxes paid related to net share settlement of equity awards

Net increase in deposits

Net increase (decrease) in obligations to customers

Contingent consideration payments

Repurchase of Class A common stock

Deferred financing costs

Net cash provided by financing activities

38,509

23,205

63,294

27,011

2,520

1,167

(8,200)

1,535

5,881

(406)

(54,450)

(5,766)

2,817

13,179

(157)

(1,617)

9,995

(212)

156,720

(195,132)

84,435

47,953

(199)

(47,837)

271

(65,209)

(175,718)

—

(22,500)

30,001

(30,001)

3,832

222

(5,124)

86,744

45,372

(1,071)

(40,986)

—

66,489

32,454

4,530

38,273

20,329

8,932

1,105

(698)

289

—

463

(30,479)

1,086

(1,887)

1,167

(48,706)

(319)

29

(44)

69,217

(212,446)

153,265

136,425

1,360

(39,338)

352

(226,964)

(187,346)

150,000

—

—

—

9,960

3,945

(3,224)

345,821

(79,442)

(242)

—

(7,672)

419,146

301,017

423,621

724,638

1,276

21,602

$

$

$

26,971

128

47,273

14,703

8,722

778

—

—

5,216

5,464

(48,198)

5,069

(2,929)

26,915

(794)

5,260

(6,097)

(13)

122,508

(274,072)

173,135

84,969

(2,336)

(35,742)

650

—

(53,396)

—

—

—

—

15,926

2,748

(1,501)

21,129

19,616

—

—

—

57,918

127,030

296,591

423,621

73

16,351

Net increase in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and federal funds sold

Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and federal funds sold, beginning of 
year

Unrestricted cash, cash equivalents, and federal funds sold, end of year

Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

47,491

724,638

772,129

4,410

9,892

$

$

$

$

$

$

See notes to consolidated financial statements

59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 1—Organization

Green Dot Corporation (“we,” “us” and “our” refer to Green Dot Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries) is 
a pro-consumer technology innovator with a mission to reinvent personal banking for the masses. Our products and 
services include: Green Dot MasterCard and Visa-branded prepaid debit cards and several co-branded reloadable 
prepaid card programs, collectively referred to as our GPR cards; Visa-branded gift cards; checking account products, 
such as GoBank, an innovative checking account developed for use via mobile phones that is available at Walmart 
and online; our proprietary swipe reload products referred to as our cash transfer products, which enable cash loading 
and transfer services through our Green Dot Network; and tax refund processing services designed to facilitate the 
secure receipt of a customer's income tax refund. 

Our products and services are available to consumers through a large-scale "branchless bank" distribution network 
of  more  than  100,000  U.S.  locations,  including  retailers,  neighborhood  financial  service  center  locations  and  tax 
preparation offices, as well as online, in the leading app stores and through leading online tax preparation providers. 
The Green Dot Network enables consumers to use cash to reload our prepaid debit cards or to transfer cash to any 
of our Green Dot Network acceptance members, including competing prepaid card programs and other online accounts. 
We are also the tax refund processing service provider for several leading consumer tax preparation companies.

We market our products and services to consumers in the United States. Our products are issued by our wholly-
owned subsidiary, Green Dot Bank and third-party issuing banks including The Bancorp Bank and Sunrise Banks, 
N.A. We also have multi-year distribution arrangements with many large and medium-sized retailers, including Walmart, 
Walgreens, CVS, Rite Aid, 7-Eleven, Kroger, Kmart, and Dollar Tree, and with various industry resellers, including  
Blackhawk Network and InComm. We refer to participating retailers collectively as our “retail distributors.” Our tax 
refund processing services are integrated into the offerings of partnering tax software companies, which enables us 
to serve approximately 25,000 independent online and in-person tax preparers and accountants nationwide.

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

Our  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  results  of  Green  Dot  Corporation  and  our  wholly-owned 
subsidiaries. We prepared the accompanying consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles in the United States of America, or GAAP. We eliminate all significant intercompany balances 
and  transactions  in  consolidation.  We  include  the  results  of  operations  of  acquired  companies  from  the  date  of 
acquisition.

Use of Estimates and Assumptions

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions 
that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes. We base 
our  estimates  and  assumptions  on  historical  factors,  current  circumstances,  and  the  experience  and  judgment  of 
management. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from those 
estimates.

Unrestricted Cash and Cash Equivalents and Federal Funds Sold

We  consider  all  unrestricted  highly  liquid  investments  with  an  original  maturity  of  three  months  or  less  to  be 
unrestricted cash and cash equivalents. Federal funds sold consist of unsecured overnight advances of excess balances 
in our bank reserve account and are included in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents on our consolidated statements 
of cash flows.

Investment Securities

Our investment portfolio is primarily comprised of fixed income securities. We classify these securities as available-
for-sale and report them at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, included in accumulated 
other comprehensive  income, a component  of stockholders’  equity. We classify investment securities  with original 
maturities greater than 90 days, but less than or equal to 365 days as current assets.

60

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

We regularly evaluate each fixed income security where the value has declined below amortized cost to assess 
whether the decline in fair value is other-than-temporary. In determining whether an impairment is other-than-temporary, 
we consider the severity and duration of the decline in fair value, the length of time expected for recovery, the financial 
condition of the issuer, and other qualitative factors, as well as whether we either plan to sell the security or it is more-
likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost. If the impairment of 
the investment security is credit-related, an other-than-temporary impairment is recorded in earnings. We recognize 
non-credit-related impairment in accumulated other comprehensive income. If we intend to sell an investment security 
or believe we will more-likely-than-not be required to sell a security, we record the full amount of the impairment as an 
other-than-temporary impairment.

Interest on fixed income securities, including amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, is included in 

interest income.

Obligations to Customers and Settlement Assets and Obligations

At the point of sale, our retail distributors collect customer funds for purchases of new cards and balance reloads 
and then remit these funds directly to the banks that issue our cards. During the first quarter of 2014, we transitioned 
our card issuing program with GE Capital Bank to our subsidiary bank. Our retail distributors’ remittance of these funds 
takes an average of two business days.

Settlement assets represent the amounts due from our retail distributors for customer funds collected at the point 
of sale that have not yet been received by our subsidiary bank. Obligations to customers represent customer funds 
collected from (or to be remitted by) our retail distributors for which the underlying products have not been activated.   
Once the underlying products have been activated, the customer funds are reclassified as deposits in a bank account 
established  for  the  benefit  of  the  customer.  Settlement  obligations  represent  the  customer  funds  received  by  our 
subsidiary bank that are due to third-party card issuing banks upon activation.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts  receivable  is  comprised  principally  of  receivables  due  from  card  issuing  banks,  overdrawn  account 
balances due from cardholders, trade accounts receivable, fee advances and other receivables. We record accounts 
receivable net of reserves for estimated uncollectible accounts. Receivables due from card issuing banks primarily 
represent revenue-related funds held at the third-party card issuing banks related to our gift card program that have 
yet to be remitted to us. These receivables are generally collected within a short period of time based on the remittance 
terms in our agreements with the third-party card issuing banks. Fee advances represent short-term advances to in-
person tax return preparation companies made prior to and during tax season. These advances are collateralized by 
their clients' tax preparation fees and are generally collected within a short period of time as the in-person tax preparation 
companies begin preparing and processing their clients' tax refunds.

Overdrawn Account Balances Due from Cardholders and Reserve for Uncollectible Overdrawn Accounts

Our cardholder accounts may become overdrawn as a result of maintenance fee assessments or from purchase 
transactions that we honor, in excess of the funds in a cardholder’s account. We are exposed to losses from any 
unrecovered overdrawn account balances. We establish a reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts. We classify 
overdrawn accounts into age groups based on the number of days that have elapsed since an account last had activity, 
such as a purchase, ATM transaction or maintenance fee assessment. We calculate a reserve factor for each age 
group based on the average recovery rate for the most recent six months. These factors are applied to these age 
groups to estimate our overall reserve. When more than 90 days have passed without activity in an account, we write 
off the full amount of the overdrawn account balance. We include our provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts 
related to maintenance fees and purchase transactions as an offset to card revenues and other fees and in other 
general and administrative expenses, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Restricted Cash

At December 31, 2015 and 2014, restricted cash primarily consists of funds held in an escrow account under the 
terms of a purchase agreement related to one of our business acquisitions, as well as funds required to collateralize 
outstanding letters of credit related to our corporate facility lease. Additionally, we collect funds in advance from certain 
retail distributors, which are recorded as restricted cash. 

61

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Loans to Bank Customers

We report loans measured at historical cost at their outstanding principal balances, net of any charge-offs, and for 

purchased loans, net of any unaccreted discounts. We recognize interest income as it is earned.

Nonperforming Loans

Nonperforming loans generally include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. We generally place 
loans on nonaccrual status when they are past due 90 days or more. We reverse the related accrued interest receivable 
and apply interest collections on nonaccrual loans as principal reductions; otherwise, we credit such collections to 
interest income when received. These loans may be restored to accrual status when all principal and interest is current 
and full repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected.

We consider a loan to be impaired when it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according 
to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Once we determine a loan to be impaired, we measure the impairment 
based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. We may 
also measure impairment based on observable market prices, or for loans that are solely dependent on the collateral 
for  repayment,  the  estimated  fair  value  of  the  collateral  less  estimated  costs  to  sell.  If  the  recorded  investment  in 
impaired loans exceeds this amount, we establish a specific allowance as a component of the allowance for loan losses 
or by adjusting an existing valuation allowance for the impaired loan.

Allowance for Loan Losses 

We establish an allowance for loan losses to account for estimated credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio. For 
the portfolio of loans, our estimate of inherent losses is separately calculated on an aggregate basis for groups of loans 
that are considered to have similar credit characteristics and risk of loss. We analyze historical loss rates for these 
groups and then adjust the rates for qualitative factors which in our judgment affect the expected inherent losses. 
Qualitative considerations include, but are not limited to, prevailing economic or market conditions, changes in the loan 
grading and underwriting process, changes in the estimated value of the underlying collateral for collateral dependent 
loans,  delinquency  and  nonaccrual  status,  problem  loan  trends,  and  geographic  concentrations.  We  separately 
establish specific allowances for impaired loans based on the present value of changes in cash flows expected to be 
collected, or for impaired loans that are considered collateral dependent, the estimated fair value of the collateral. 

Property and Equipment

We  carry  our  property  and  equipment  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  amortization.  We  generally 
compute depreciation on property and equipment using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the 
assets, except for land, which is not depreciated. We generally compute amortization on tenant improvements using 
the straight-line method over the shorter of the related lease term or estimated useful lives of the improvements. We 
expense expenditures for maintenance and repairs as incurred.

We capitalize certain internal and external costs incurred to develop internal-use software during the application 
development stage. We also capitalize the cost of specified upgrades and enhancements to internal-use software that 
result in additional functionality. Once a development project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its 
intended use, we begin depreciating these costs on a straight-line basis over the internal-use software’s estimated 
useful life.

The estimated useful lives of the respective classes of assets are as follows:

Land

Building

Computer equipment, furniture and office equipment

Computer software purchased

Capitalized internal-use software

Tenant improvements

N/A

30 years

3-4 years

3 years

2-7 years

Shorter of the useful life or the lease term

62

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Impairment of Long Lived Assets

We  evaluate  long-lived  assets  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in  circumstances  indicate  that  the 
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of expected undiscounted future cash flows from an 
asset is less than the carrying amount of the asset, we estimate the fair value of the assets. We measure the loss as 
the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its fair value calculated using the present value of estimated net 
future cash flows. We recorded impairment charges of $5.9 million and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 
2015 and 2013, respectively, associated with capitalized internal-use software we determined to no longer be utilized 
and  any  remaining  carrying  value  was  written  off.  These  impairment  charges  are  included  in  other  general  and 
administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. There were no such impairment charges for 
the year ended December 31, 2014. 

Business Acquisitions

We allocate the purchase price of business acquisitions to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on 
their estimated fair value. The excess of the purchase price over estimated fair value of the net identifiable assets is 
allocated to goodwill. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities requires various assumptions and estimates. 
These estimates and assumptions are refined with adjustments recorded to goodwill as information is gathered and 
final  valuations  are  completed  over  a  one-year  measurement  period. The  changes  in  these  estimates  or  different 
assumptions used in determining these estimates could impact the amount of assets, including goodwill, and liabilities 
recorded on our consolidated balance sheet and could impact our operating results subsequent to such acquisition.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill is the purchase premium after adjusting for the fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized 
but is reviewed for potential impairment on an annual basis, or when events or circumstances indicate a potential 
impairment, at the reporting unit level.  A reporting unit, as defined under applicable accounting guidance, is an operating 
segment or one level below an operating segment, referred to as a component. We may in any given period bypass 
the  qualitative  assessment  and  proceed  directly  to  a  two-step  method  to  assess  and  measure  impairment  of  the 
reporting  unit's  goodwill.  We  first  assess  qualitative  factors  to  determine  whether  it  is  more  likely-than-not  (i.e.,  a 
likelihood of more than 50 percent) that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. This step serves 
as the basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step quantitative impairment test. The first step 
of the quantitative impairment test involves a comparison of the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying 
amount, including goodwill. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the 
reporting unit is not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, 
then the second step of the quantitative impairment test must be performed. The second step compares the implied 
fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with its carrying amount to measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. 

The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a 
business combination. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of that 
goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

For  intangible  assets  subject  to  amortization,  we  recognize  an  impairment  loss  if  the  carrying  amount  of  the 
intangible asset is not recoverable and exceeds its estimated fair value. The carrying amount of the intangible asset 
is considered not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use of 
the asset.

No impairment charges were recognized related to goodwill or intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 

2015, 2014 and 2013.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which is 
our best estimate of the pattern of economic benefit, based on legal, contractual, and other provisions. The estimated 
useful lives of the intangible assets, which consist primarily of customer relationships and trade names, range from 
5-15 years.

63

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Amounts Due to Card Issuing Banks for Overdrawn Accounts

Third-party card issuing banks fund overdrawn cardholder account balances on our behalf. Amounts funded are 
due from us to the card issuing banks based on terms specified in the agreements with the card issuing banks. Generally, 
we expect to settle these obligations within two months. In February 2014, we completed the transition of all outstanding 
customer deposits associated with our GPR card program with GE Capital Retail Bank to Green Dot Bank. In conjunction 
with this transition, we paid approximately $50 million to GE Capital Retail Bank to settle all of our previously accrued 
liabilities outstanding at the time of transition associated with overdrawn cardholder account balances.

Fair Value

Under applicable accounting guidance, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or 
paid to transfer a liability. As such, fair value reflects an exit price in an orderly transaction between market participants 
on the measurement date.

We determine  the fair values  of our  financial  instruments  based  on  the  fair  value hierarchy  established  under 
applicable accounting guidance, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the 
use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The following describes the three-level hierarchy:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities 
include debt and equity securities and derivative contracts that are traded in an active exchange market, as well as 
certain U.S. Treasury securities that are highly liquid and are actively traded in over-the-counter markets.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted 
prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market 
data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities 
with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments. This category generally includes 
U.S. government and agency mortgage-backed fixed income securities and corporate fixed income securities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the overall 
fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments for which the determination 
of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. The fair value for such assets and liabilities is 
generally  determined  using  pricing  models,  market  comparables,  discounted  cash  flow  methodologies  or  similar 
techniques that incorporate the assumptions a market participant would use in pricing the asset or liability. This category 
generally includes certain private equity investments and certain asset-backed securities.

Revenue Recognition

Our operating revenues consist of card revenues and other fees, processing and settlement service revenues and 
interchange  revenues.  We  recognize  revenue  when  the  price  is  fixed  or  determinable,  persuasive  evidence  of  an 
arrangement exists, the product is sold or the service is performed, and collectability of the resulting receivable is 
reasonably assured.

Card revenues and other fees consist of monthly maintenance fees, ATM fees, new card fees and other revenues. 
We charge maintenance fees on a monthly basis pursuant to the terms and conditions in the applicable cardholder 
agreements. We recognize monthly maintenance fees ratably over the month for which they are assessed. We charge 
ATM fees to cardholders when they withdraw money at certain ATMs in accordance with the terms and conditions in 
our cardholder agreements. We recognize ATM fees when the withdrawal is made by the cardholder, which is the same 
time our service is completed and the fees are assessed. We charge new card fees when a consumer purchases a 
new card in a retail store. We defer and recognize new card fee revenues on a straight-line basis over our average 
card lifetime, which is currently five months for both our GPR and our gift cards. We determine the average card lifetime 
based on our recent historical data for comparable products. We measure card lifetime for our GPR cards as the period 
of time, inclusive of reload activity, between sale (or activation) of the card and the date of the last positive balance. 
We measure the card lifetime for our gift cards as the redemption period during which cardholders perform the substantial 
majority of their transactions. We reassess average card lifetime quarterly. We report the unearned portion of new card 
fees as a component of deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. Other revenues consist primarily of 
revenue associated with our gift card program, transaction-based fees and fees associated with optional products or 
services,  which  we  offer  to  cardholders  from  time-to-time.  We  generally  recognize  these  revenues  as  purchase 
transactions occur or when the underlying services are completed.

64

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Our  processing  and  settlement  services  consist  of  cash  transfer  revenues  and  tax  refund  processing  service 
revenues. We generate cash transfer revenues when consumers purchase our cash transfer products (reload services) 
in a retail store. We recognize these revenues when the cash transfer transactions are completed, generally within 
two business days from the time of sale of these products. We earn tax refund processing service revenues when a 
customer of a third party tax preparation company chooses to pay their tax preparation fee through the use of our tax 
refund processing services. We recognize tax refund processing service revenues as we remit tax return proceeds to 
the taxpayer. 

We earn interchange revenues from fees remitted by the merchant’s bank, which are based on rates established 
by the payment networks, such as Visa and MasterCard, when cardholders make purchase transactions using our 
cards. We recognize interchange revenues as these transactions occur.

We report our different types of revenues on a gross or net basis based on our assessment of whether we act as 
a principal or an agent in the transaction. To the extent we act as a principal in the transaction, we report revenues on 
a  gross  basis.  In  concluding  whether  or  not  we  act  as  a  principal  or  an  agent,  we  evaluate  whether  we  have  the 
substantial risks and rewards under the terms of the revenue-generating arrangements, whether we are the party 
responsible for fulfillment of the services purchased by the cardholders, among other factors. For all of our significant 
revenue-generating  arrangements,  including  GPR  and  gift  cards,  we  record  revenues  on  a  gross  basis  with  the 
exception of our tax refund processing service revenues which are recorded on a net basis.

Generally, customers have limited rights to a refund of a new card fee or a cash transfer fee. We have elected to 
recognize revenues prior to the expiration of the refund period, but reduce revenues by the amount of expected refunds, 
which we estimate based on actual historical refunds.

On  occasion,  we  enter  into  incentive  agreements  with  our  retail  distributors  and  offer  incentives  to  customers 
designed to increase product acceptance and sales volume. We record incentive payments, including the issuance of 
equity instruments, as a reduction of revenues and recognize them over the period the related revenues are recognized 
or as services are rendered, as applicable.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of sales commissions, advertising and marketing expenses, and 
the costs of manufacturing and distributing card packages, placards, promotional materials to our retail distributors’ 
locations and personalized GPR cards to consumers who have activated their cards.

We pay our retail distributors and brokers commissions based on sales of our prepaid debit cards and cash transfer 
products in their stores. We defer and expense commissions related to new cards sales ratably over the average card 
lifetime, which is currently five months for both our GPR and our gift cards. Absent a new card fee, we expense the 
related commissions immediately. We expense commissions related to cash transfer products when the cash transfer 
transactions  are  completed.  We  expense  costs  for  the  production  of  advertising  as  incurred.  The  cost  of  media 
advertising is expensed when the advertising first takes place. We record the costs associated with card packages 
and placards as prepaid expenses, and we record the costs associated with personalized GPR cards as deferred 
expenses. We recognize the prepaid cost of card packages and placards over the related sales period, and we amortize 
the deferred cost of personalized GPR cards, when activated, over the average card lifetime.

Included in sales and marketing expenses are advertising and marketing expenses of $10.1 million, $6.8 million
and $10.4 million and shipping and handling costs of $2.8 million, $3.1 million and $4.0 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Also included in sales and marketing expenses were liabilities that 
we incurred for use tax to various states related to purchases of materials since we do not charge sales tax to customers 
when new cards or cash transfer transactions are purchased.

Employee Stock-Based Compensation

We record employee stock-based compensation expense based on the grant-date fair value. For stock options 
and stock purchases under our employee stock purchase plan, or ESPP, we base compensation expense on fair values 
estimated at the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. For stock awards, including restricted stock 
units,  we  base  compensation  expense  on  the  fair  value  of  our  common  stock  at  the  grant  date.  We  recognize 
compensation expense for awards with only service conditions that have graded vesting schedules on a straight-line 
basis over the vesting period of the award. Vesting is based upon continued service to our company.

65

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

At times, we have issued performance based and market based restricted stock units to our executive officers. 
For performance based awards, we recognize compensation cost for the restricted stock units if and when we conclude 
it is probable that the performance will be satisfied, over the requisite service period based on the grant-date fair value 
of the stock. We reassess the probability of vesting at each reporting period and adjust compensation expense based 
on the probability assessment.  For market based restricted stock units, we base compensation expense on the fair 
value estimated at the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation or similar lattice model. We recognize compensation 
expense over the requisite service period regardless of the market condition being satisfied, provided that the requisite 
service has been provided, since the estimated grant date fair value already incorporates the probability of outcomes 
that the market condition will be achieved.      

Income Taxes

Our income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred income tax expense. Current income tax expense 
approximates taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period. Deferred income tax expense results from the changes 
in  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  during  the  periods.  These  gross  deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  represent 
decreases or increases in taxes expected to be paid in the future because of future reversals of temporary differences 
between the basis of assets and liabilities as measured by tax laws and their basis as reported in our consolidated 
financial statements. We also recognize deferred tax assets for tax attributes such as net operating loss carryforwards 
and tax credit carryforwards. We record valuation allowances to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts we conclude 
are more likely-than-not to be realized in the foreseeable future. 

We recognize and measure income tax benefits based upon a two-step model: 1) a tax position must be more 
likely-than-not to be sustained based solely on its technical merits in order to be recognized, and 2) the benefit is 
measured as the largest dollar amount of that position that is more likely-than-not to be sustained upon settlement. 
The difference between the benefit recognized for a position and the tax benefit claimed on a tax return is referred to 
as an unrecognized tax benefit. We accrue income tax related interest and penalties, if applicable, within income tax 
expense.

Earnings Per Common Share

We  apply  the  two-class  method  in  calculating  earnings  per  common  share,  or  EPS,  because  our  preferred 
stockholders are entitled to participate with our common stockholders in the distributions of earnings through dividends. 
The two-class method requires net income, after deduction of any preferred stock dividends, deemed dividends on 
preferred stock redemptions, and accretions in the carrying value on preferred stock, to be allocated between each 
class or series of common and preferred stockholders based on their respective rights to receive dividends, whether 
or not declared. Basic EPS is then calculated by dividing net income allocated to each class of common stockholders 
by the respective weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding.

We divide adjusted net income for each class of common stock by the respective weighted-average number of 
the common shares issued and outstanding for each period plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of outstanding 
stock options, restricted stock units, outstanding warrants, shares to be purchased under our employee stock purchase 
plan and the dilution resulting from the conversion of convertible securities, if applicable. We exclude the effects of 
convertible securities, outstanding warrants and stock options from the computation of diluted EPS in periods in which 
the effect would be anti-dilutive. We calculate dilutive potential common shares using the treasury stock method, if-
converted method and the two-class method, as applicable.

Regulatory Matters and Capital Adequacy

As a bank holding company, we are subject to comprehensive supervision and examination by the Federal Reserve 
Board and must comply with applicable regulations, including minimum capital and leverage requirements. If we fail 
to  comply  with  any  of  these  requirements,  we  may  become  subject  to  formal  or  informal  enforcement  actions, 
proceedings,  or  investigations,  which  could  result  in  regulatory  orders,  restrictions  on  our  business  operations  or 
requirements to take corrective actions, which may, individually or in the aggregate, affect our results of operations 
and restrict our ability to grow. If we fail to comply with the applicable capital and leverage requirements, or if our 
subsidiary bank fails to comply with its applicable capital and leverage requirements, the Federal Reserve Board may 
limit our or Green Dot Bank's ability to pay dividends. In addition, as a bank holding company and a financial holding 
company, we are generally prohibited from engaging, directly or indirectly, in any activities other than those permissible 
for bank holding companies and financial holding companies. This restriction might limit our ability to pursue future 
business opportunities which we might otherwise consider but which might fall outside the scope of permissible activities. 

66

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

We may also be required to serve as a “source of strength” to Green Dot Bank if it becomes less than adequately 
capitalized.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Recognition and Measurement of 
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825) ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 revises the classification and 
measurement of investments in certain equity investments and the presentation of certain fair value changes for certain 
financial liabilities measured at fair value. ASU 2016-01 requires the change in fair value of many equity investments 
to be recognized in net income.  The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 
15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of the ASU may result in a cumulative adjustment to retained 
earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact of the provisions of ASU 
2016-01, however, we do not expect the adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial 
statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes ("ASU 
2015-17"). ASU 2015-17 requires that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as noncurrent on the balance 
sheet. The ASU is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, but early adoption is 
permitted. We elected to early adopt this standard as of December 31, 2015 to simplify the presentation of our deferred 
income taxes and applied the guidance retrospectively to all periods presented. This change resulted in a  reclassification 
of approximately $2.0 million in our net deferred tax assets and liabilities on our December 31, 2014 consolidated 
balance sheet. We do not deem the early adoption of the ASU to have a material impact on our consolidated financial 
statements for all periods presented. 

In  September  2015,  the  FASB  issued ASU  No.  2015-16,  Business  Combination  (Topic  805):  Simplifying  the 
Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments ("ASU 2015-16").  ASU 2015-16 requires adjustments to provisional 
amounts  that  are  identified  during  the  measurement  period  to  be  recognized  in  the  reporting  period  in  which  the 
adjustment amounts are determined. This includes any effect on earnings from changes in depreciation, amortization, 
or other income effects as a result of changes to provisional amounts calculated as if the accounting had been completed 
at the acquisition date. In addition, the amendments in the ASU require an entity to disclose the nature and amount of 
measurement-period adjustments recognized in the current period that would have been recorded in previous reporting 
periods if the adjustments had been recognized as of the acquisition date. The amendments are effective for annual 
and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. We have elected to early adopt 
the provisions of ASU 2015-16 as of December 31, 2015. The adoption of the ASU had no material impact on our 
consolidated financial statements. 

In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-05, Customer's Accounting for Fees Paid in a Cloud Computing 
Arrangement  ("ASU  2015-05").   This ASU provides  guidance  to  customers  about  whether  a  cloud  computing 
arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the customer 
should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software 
licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the 
arrangement  as  a  service  contract.  The  new  guidance  does  not  change  the  accounting  for  service  contracts.  
ASU 2015-05 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015. The adoption 
of the ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. 

In April  2015,  the  FASB  issued ASU  No.  2015-03, Simplifying  the  Presentation  of  Debt  Issuance  Costs ("ASU 
2015-03") which changes the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. ASU 2015-03 requires an 
entity to present such costs in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the related debt liability rather than as an 
asset. Amortization  of  the  costs  will  continue  to  be  reported  as  interest  expense. The ASU  is  effective  for  annual 
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. The new guidance will be applied 
retrospectively to each prior period presented. We have elected to early adopt the provisions of ASU 2015-03 as of 
December 31, 2015. The adoption of the ASU resulted in a reclassification of approximately $5.8 million and $7.4 
million on our December 31, 2015 and 2014 consolidated balance sheets, respectively, between prepaid and other 
assets and our total note payable outstanding. Of these amounts, approximately $1.5 million is netted against the 
current portion of our note payable outstanding for all periods presented. The adoption of the ASU was not deemed 
to have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets. 

67

Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("ASU 2014-09"), which 
supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of ASU 2014-09 is to 
recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the 
consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 defines a five step 
process  to  achieve  this  core  principle  and,  in  doing  so,  more  judgment  and  estimates  may  be  required  within  the 
revenue recognition process than are required under existing GAAP. Under ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts 
with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of Effective Date, the revenue standard is effective for annual periods beginning 
after  December  15,  2017,  and  interim  periods  therein,  using  either  of  the  following  transition  methods:  (i)  a  full 
retrospective approach reflecting the application of the standard in each prior reporting period with the option to elect 
certain practical expedients, or (ii) a retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially adopting ASU 2014-09 
recognized at the date of adoption (which includes additional footnote disclosures). Early adoption is permitted for 
periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We are currently evaluating the impact of our pending adoption of ASU 
2015-14 and ASU 2014-09 on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 3—Business Acquisitions

AccountNow, Inc.

In January 2015, we completed the acquisition of AccountNow, Inc. ("AccountNow"). We issued approximately 
514,000 shares of our Class A common stock on the date of close and the remainder of the consideration in cash for 
a  total  purchase  price  of  approximately  $78.7  million.  AccountNow's  results  of  operations  are  included  in  our 
consolidated  statements  of  operations  following  the  acquisition  date.  We  have  not  presented  pro-forma  results  of 
operations because the effect of this acquisition was not material to our financial results. 

At the time of acquisition, we recorded a preliminarily estimate for the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed based on facts and circumstances available at the time.  The assets and liabilities acquired consisted of $3.3 
million in cash and cash equivalents, $4.1 million in accounts and other receivables, $6.4 million in prepaid and other 
assets and $12.8 million in accrued liabilities.  Additionally, we recorded a preliminary estimate of goodwill and intangible 
assets for $61.6 million and $16.1 million, respectively. Transaction costs associated with this acquisition were not 
material.

During the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded a purchase price adjustment of $1.2 million to increase goodwill 
and reduce our deferred tax assets based on additional information not available at the time of acquisition. We may 
adjust  this  allocation  after  obtaining  more  information  regarding,  among  other  things,  asset  valuations,  liabilities 
assumed, and revisions to preliminary estimates over the measurement period not to exceed 12 months from the date 
of acquisition.

SBBT Holdings, LLC

On October 23, 2014, we completed our acquisition of SBBT Holdings, LLC ("TPG"), a provider of integrated tax 
refund  processing  services.  TPG's  services  are  integrated  into  the  offerings  of  the  nation's  leading  tax  software 
companies, which enables TPG to serve approximately 25,000 independent tax preparers and accountants nationwide. 
This transaction was accounted for as a business combination, and allowed us to expand into TPG's core customer 
segment by adding tax refund processing services for tax filers through distribution partnerships with many of America’s 
largest and best known tax preparation companies and independent tax preparers.

In connection with the acquisition, total consideration amounted to approximately $358.5 million, which included 
cash, stock and contingent consideration. We financed the transaction with $204.5 million in cash, of which $150.0 
million was raised from our Term Facility, as discussed in Note 10 — Note Payable, and 6.1 million shares of our Class 
A common stock at a closing price of $21.86 (of which 1.1 million shares were deposited in an escrow fund to serve 
as a source of payment of any indemnification obligations). 

Additionally, the transaction terms include a potential $80.0 million cash earn-out payable to the former owners of 
TPG based on TPG meeting certain pre-determined performance targets. The earn-out period spans from July to June 
each fiscal year from 2015 to 2017. Certain performance targets must be achieved each fiscal year in order to earn a 
corresponding portion of the cash earn-out. For fiscal year 2015, these performance targets were not met, and therefore 
no cash earn-out payments were made. 

68

Note 3—Business Acquisitions (continued)

The following table summarizes the purchase price consideration. 

Cash, including proceeds from Term Loan

Fair value of shares of Class A common stock issued

Fair value of contingent consideration

Total consideration

The allocation of the initial purchase price was as follows:

Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable, net

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Property and equipment, net

Intangible assets

Goodwill

Total assets:

Liabilities:

Accounts payable and other liabilities

Other liabilities

Total liabilities:

Net assets acquired

$

$

$

Consideration

(In thousands)

204,471

134,074

20,000

358,545

October 23, 2014

(In thousands)

2,154

1,883

642

5,590

251,500

100,892

362,661

2,045

2,071

4,116

$

358,545

Goodwill of $100.9 million represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimate of the fair value of the 
underlying identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The goodwill arises from the 
opportunity for synergies and economies of scale from the combined companies, and expanding our reach into TPG's 
core  customer  segment  by  adding  our  financial  products  and  services. Although  the  goodwill  is  not  amortized  for 
financial  reporting  purposes,  it  is  anticipated  that  substantially  all  of  the  goodwill  will  be  deductible  for  federal  tax 
purposes over the statutory period of 15 years.  During the year ended December 31, 2015, we recorded a subsequent 
purchase accounting adjustment for approximately $0.6 million for additional identified accrued liabilities that existed 
at the time of acquisition, with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. As of December 31, 2015, the measurement 
period for our purchase accounting  related to TPG was closed. 

Intangible assets consist primarily of customer relationships and trade name of $215.0 million and $36.5 million, 

respectively.  Each are amortized over their estimated useful lives of 15 years.

The operating results for the period from October 24, 2014 to December 31, 2014 of TPG are included in our 
consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014. Revenues and net losses for this period 
were $0.4 million and $7.6 million, respectively.  TPG did not contribute a material amount of revenue during this period 
because TPG earns substantially all of its revenues and income during the tax season (January through April). 

We incurred transaction costs of approximately $6.2 million in connection with the acquisition, which are included 
in other general and administrative expenses on our consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 
31, 2014.

69

Note 3—Business Acquisitions (continued)

Unaudited pro forma financial information

The following unaudited pro forma summary financial results present the consolidated results of operations as if 
the acquisition of TPG had occurred as of January 1, 2013, after the effect of certain adjustments, including interest 
expense on the debt used to fund the purchase, amortization of certain identifiable intangible assets, income and 
expense items not attributable to ongoing operations and related tax effects. The unaudited pro forma condensed 
consolidated  statement  of  operations  does  not  include  any  adjustments  for  any  restructuring  activities,  operating 
efficiencies or cost savings.  The pro forma results have been presented for comparative purposes only and are not 
indicative of what would have occurred had the TPG acquisition been made as of January 1, 2013, or of any potential 
results which may occur in the future.

Net revenues

Net income attributable to common stock

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Basic weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding

Diluted weighted-average common shares issued and outstanding

Other

December 31,

2014

2013

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

681,506

60,458

1.32

1.30

45,863

46,726

655,060

40,439

0.96

0.94

42,008

43,289

We also completed two other business acquisitions during 2014 for an aggregate cash consideration of $25.5 
million, equity consideration of $10.0 million, consisting of 0.5 million shares of our Class A common stock, and contingent 
consideration of $4.1 million. Of the total consideration, we allocated $16.5 million to goodwill, $22.2 million to intangible 
assets and $0.9 million to net assets acquired, including $1.6 million of cash acquired. The intangible assets consist 
primarily of customer relationships that will be amortized over 5 to 10 years. These acquisitions were not material, 
individually or in the aggregate.

70

 
Note 4—Investment Securities

Our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

December 31, 2015

Corporate bonds

Commercial paper

U.S. Treasury notes

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

Total investment securities

December 31, 2014

Corporate bonds

Commercial paper

U.S. Treasury notes

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

Total investment securities

Amortized cost

Gross unrealized
gains

Gross unrealized
losses

Fair value

(In thousands)

$

33,201

$

— $

(47) $

6,504

17,541

4,034

100,131

1,954

18,725

3

—

—

195

11

—

(2)

(16)

(19)

(554)

(65)

(57)

33,154

6,505

17,525

4,015

99,772

1,900

18,668

$

$

182,090

$

209

$

(760) $

181,539

40,433

$

7,648

14,782

2,950

35,420

5,555

13,727

4

1

5

—

119

61

—

$

(48) $

—

(16)

—

(177)

(21)

(12)

40,389

7,649

14,771

2,950

35,362

5,595

13,715

$

120,515

$

190

$

(274) $

120,431

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, the gross unrealized losses and fair values of available-for-sale investment 

securities that were in unrealized loss positions were as follows:

Less than 12 months

12 months or more

Fair value

Unrealized
loss

Fair value

Unrealized
loss

Total
fair value

Total
unrealized loss

(In thousands)

December 31, 2015

Corporate bonds

Commercial paper

U.S. Treasury notes

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

Total investment securities

December 31, 2014

Corporate bonds

U.S. Treasury notes

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

$

20,416

$

(22) $

10,679

$

(25) $

31,095

$

4,322

17,525

4,015

53,634

—

18,668

(2)

(16)

(19)

(410)

—

(57)

—

—

—

21,518

1,035

—

—

—

—

(144)

(65)

—

4,322

17,525

4,015

75,152

1,035

18,668

118,580

$

(526) $

33,232

$

(234) $

151,812

$

33,348

$

(48) $

— $

— $

33,348

$

6,068

21,495

—

12,254

(16)

(163)

—

(12)

—

1,143

419

—

—

(14)

(21)

—

6,068

22,638

419

12,254

$

$

Total investment securities

$

73,165

$

(239) $

1,562

$

(35) $

74,727

$

(47)

(2)

(16)

(19)

(554)

(65)

(57)

(760)

(48)

(16)

(177)

(21)

(12)

(274)

We did not record any other-than-temporary impairment losses during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 
2014 on our available-for-sale investment securities. We do not intend to sell these investments and we have determined 
that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these investments before recovery of their amortized 
cost bases, which may be at maturity.

71

Note 4—Investment Securities (continued)

As of December 31, 2015, the contractual maturities of our available-for-sale investment securities were as follows:

Due in one year or less

Due after one year through five years

Due after five years through ten years

Due after ten years

Mortgage and asset-backed securities

Total investment securities

Amortized cost

Fair value

$

$

(In thousands)

49,146

$

12,668

320

1,100

118,856

182,090

$

49,106

12,634

324

1,035

118,440

181,539

The expected payments on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities may not coincide with their contractual 

maturities because the issuers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Note 5—Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable, net consisted of the following:

Overdrawn account balances due from cardholders

Reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts

Net overdrawn account balances due from cardholders

Trade receivables

Reserve for uncollectible trade receivables

Net trade receivables

Receivables due from card issuing banks

Fee advances

Other receivables

Accounts receivable, net

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

$

(In thousands)

10,198

$

(7,999)

2,199

10,644

(58)

10,586

8,852

11,621

8,895

$

42,153

$

14,412

(11,196)

3,216

8,265

(16)

8,249

28,349

6,545

2,558

48,917

Activity in the reserve for uncollectible overdrawn accounts consisted of the following:

Balance, beginning of period

Provision for uncollectible overdrawn accounts:

Fees

Purchase transactions

Charge-offs

Balance, end of period

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands)

11,196

$

10,363

$

15,677

55,595

7,699

(66,491)

34,057

4,216

(37,440)

7,999

$

11,196

$

45,048

2,225

(52,587)

10,363

$

$

72

 
 
 
 
Note 6—Loans to Bank Customers

The following table presents total outstanding loans, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, and a summary 

of the related payment status:

30-59 Days
Past Due

60-89 Days
Past Due

90 Days or
More Past
Due

Total Past
Due

Total Current or
Less Than 30 Days
Past Due

Total
Outstanding

(In thousands)

December 31, 2015

Residential

Commercial

Installment

Total loans

Percentage of outstanding

December 31, 2014

Residential

Commercial

Installment

Total loans

$

$

$

$

— $

— $

— $

— $

3,863

$

—

2

2

—

—

$

— $

19

—

19

$

19

2

21

$

294

2,527

6,684

$

3,863

313

2,529

6,705

—%

—%

0.3%

0.3%

99.7%

100.0%

— $

— $

— $

— $

3,861

$

—

1

1

$

—

3

3

$

—

4

4

$

—

8

8

$

697

2,428

6,986

$

3,861

697

2,436

6,994

Percentage of outstanding

—%

—%

0.1%

0.1%

99.9%

100.0%

Nonperforming Loans

The following table presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our nonperforming 
loans. See Note 2–Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further information on the criteria for classification 
as nonperforming.

Residential

Commercial

Installment

Total loans

Credit Quality Indicators

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

$

$

(In thousands)

366

$

19

279

664

$

54

31

104

189

We closely monitor and assess the credit quality and credit risk of our loan portfolio on an ongoing basis. We 
continuously review and update loan risk classifications. We evaluate our loans using non-classified or classified as 
the primary credit quality indicator. Classified loans are those loans that have demonstrated credit weakness where 
we  believe  there  is  a  heightened  risk  of  principal  loss,  including  all  impaired  loans.  Classified  loans  are  generally 
internally categorized as substandard, doubtful, or loss, consistent with regulatory guidelines.

The table below presents the carrying value, gross of the related allowance for loan losses, of our loans within the 

primary credit quality indicators related to our loan portfolio:

Residential

Commercial

Installment

Total loans

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Non-Classified

Classified

Non-Classified

Classified

$

$

(In thousands)

3,404

$

459

$

3,604

$

294

2,173

5,871

$

19

356

834

635

2,306

$

6,545

$

257

62

130

449

73

Note 6—Loans to Bank Customers (continued)

Impaired Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings

When, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, we grant a concession for other 
than an insignificant period of time to a borrower that we would not otherwise consider, the related loan is classified 
as a Troubled Debt Restructuring, or TDR. Our TDR modifications related to extensions of the maturity dates at a 
stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk. The following table presents our 
impaired loans and loans that we modified as TDRs as of December 31, 2015 and 2014:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Unpaid Principal
Balance

Carrying Value

Unpaid Principal
Balance

Carrying Value

Residential

Commercial

Installment

$

24

$

257

241

(In thousands)

$

19

19

128

97

$

270

367

Allowance for Loan Losses

Activity in the allowance for loan losses consisted of the following:

54

31

104

475

—

(25)

14

464

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

$

$

(In thousands)

444

$

464

$

(38)

(44)

64

20

(66)

26

426

$

444

$

Balance, beginning of period

Provision (benefit) for loans

Loans charged off

Recoveries of loans previously charged off

Balance, end of period

 Note 7—Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

Land

Building

Computer equipment, furniture, and office equipment

Computer software purchased

Capitalized internal-use software

Tenant improvements

Less accumulated depreciation and amortization

Property and equipment, net

December 31,

2015

2014

$

(In thousands)

$

205

605

45,508

16,900

113,721

9,914

186,853

(107,976)

$

78,877

$

205

605

45,525

20,363

89,023

9,172

164,893

(87,609)

77,284

Depreciation and amortization expense was $38.5 million, $32.5 million and $27.0 million for the years ended 
December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Included in those amounts are depreciation expense related to 
internal-use software of $23.0 million, $18.4 million and $15.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014
and  2013,  respectively.  We  recorded  impairment  charges  of  $5.9  million  and  $5.2  million  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2015 and 2013, respectively, associated with capitalized internal-use software we determined to no 
longer be utilized and any remaining carrying value was written off. There were no such impairment charges for the 
year ended December 31, 2014. The net carrying value of capitalized internal-use software was $47.6 million and 
$39.8 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

74

 
Note 8—Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill and intangible assets on our consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following:

Goodwill

Intangible assets, net

Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

Balance, beginning of period

Acquisitions

Adjustments related to final purchase accounting

Balance, end of period

December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands)

208,079

$

265,700

473,779

$

144,662

272,538

417,200

December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands)

144,662

$

64,713

(1,296)

208,079

$

27,250

117,412

—

144,662

$

$

$

$

During the three months ended December 31, 2015, we completed our annual goodwill impairment test as of 
September 30, 2015. Based on the results of step one of the annual goodwill impairment test, we determined that step 
two was not required for each of our reporting units as their fair values exceeded their carrying values indicating there 
was no impairment.

Intangible Assets

The gross carrying amounts and accumulated amortization related to intangibles assets were as follows:

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Gross
Carrying
Value

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Book
Value

(In thousands)

Gross
Carrying
Value

Accumulated
Amortization

Net Book
Value

(In thousands)

Weighted
Average
Useful Lives

(Years)

Customer relationships

$

251,273

$

(23,862) $

227,411

$

236,387

$

(4,039) $

232,348

Trade names

Patents

Other

38,586

3,000

964

(3,353)

(273)

(635)

35,233

2,727

329

37,385

3,000

937

(546)

—

(586)

36,839

3,000

351

Total intangible assets

$

293,823

$

(28,123) $

265,700

$

277,709

$

(5,171) $

272,538

13.9

14.5

11.0

9.3

Amortization expense on finite-lived intangibles, a component of other general and administrative expenses, was 
$23.2 million, $4.5 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. 
None of our intangible assets were considered impaired as of December 31, 2015 or 2014. 

The  following  table  shows  our  estimated  amortization  expense  for  intangible  assets  for  each  of  the  next  five 

succeeding years and thereafter :

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Thereafter

Total

75

December 31,

(In thousands)

$

$

23,047

23,029

23,028

22,860

18,853

154,883

265,700

 
 
Note 9—Deposits

Deposits are categorized as non-interest or interest-bearing deposits as follows:

Non-interest bearing deposit accounts

GPR deposits

Other demand deposits

Total non-interest bearing deposit accounts

Interest-bearing deposit accounts

Negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW)

Savings

Time deposits, denominations greater than or equal to $100

Time deposits, denominations less than $100

Total interest-bearing deposit accounts

Total deposits

December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands)

$

610,652

$

23,644

634,296

851

8,848

6,268

1,882

17,849

$

652,145

$

529,779

19,631

549,410

905

7,985

5,263

1,838

15,991

565,401

The scheduled contractual maturities for total time deposits are presented in the table below:

Due in 2016

Due in 2017

Due in 2018

Due in 2019

Due in 2020

Total time deposits

Note 10—Note Payable

December 31,

(In thousands)

$

$

3,483

2,561

455

338

1,313

8,150

In October 2014, we entered into a $225.0 million credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as an administrative 
agent, Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, and the other lenders party thereto. The credit agreement provides for 
1) a $75.0 million five-year revolving facility (the "Revolving Facility") and 2) a five-year $150.0 million term loan facility 
("Term Facility" and, together with the Revolving Facility, the "Senior Credit Facility"). The credit agreement also includes 
an accordion feature that, subject to securing additional commitments from existing lenders or new lending institutions, 
will allow us to increase the aggregate amount of these facilities by up to an additional $50.0 million. We drew the 
entire Term Facility on October 23, 2014, and used the proceeds to finance our acquisition of SBBT Holdings, LLC, 
as discussed in Note 3 — Business Acquisitions. We use the proceeds of any borrowings under the Revolving Facility 
for working capital and other general corporate purposes, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the credit 
agreement.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, our outstanding debt consisted of the following, net of deferred financing 

costs of $5.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively:

Term facility

Revolving facility

Total notes payable

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

$

$

(In thousands)

121,652

$

—

121,652

$

142,617

—

142,617

76

Note 10—Note Payable (continued)

Interest and other fees

At our election, loans made under the credit agreement bear interest at 1) a LIBOR rate (the “LIBOR Rate") or 2) 
a base rate determined by reference to the highest of (a) the Bank of America prime rate, (b) the United States federal 
funds rate plus 0.50% and (c) a daily rate equal to one-month LIBOR rate plus 1.0% (the “Base Rate"), plus in either 
case an applicable margin. The applicable margin for borrowings depends on our total leverage ratio and varies from 
2.50% to 3.00% for  LIBOR  Rate  loans  and 1.50% to 2.00% for  Base  Rate  loans.  The  effective  interest  rate  on 
borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2015 was 3.17%.  Interest expense related to our Senior Credit Facility 
was $4.3 million and $0.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

We also pay a commitment fee, which varies from 0.30% to 0.40% per annum on the actual daily unused portions 
of the Revolving Facility. Letter of credit fees are payable in respect of outstanding letters of credit at a rate per annum 
equal to the applicable margin for LIBOR Rate loans.

Maturity and payments

The  Revolving  Facility  matures,  the  commitments  thereunder  terminate,  and  all  amounts  then  outstanding 

thereunder are payable on October 23, 2019.

Quarterly principal payments of $5.6 million are payable on the loans under the Term Facility. The loans made 

under the Term Facility mature and all amounts then outstanding thereunder are payable on October 23, 2019.

The following table sets forth future annual contractual principal payment commitments as of December 31, 2015:

2016

2017

2018

2019

Total

December 31,

(In thousands)

$

$

22,500

22,500

22,500

60,000

127,500

We have the option to prepay the borrowings under the Senior Credit Facility without premium or penalty (other 
than customary breakage costs). The credit agreement requires us to repay certain amounts outstanding thereunder 
with (1) net cash proceeds of certain asset sales or other dispositions that exceed certain thresholds, to the extent 
such  proceeds  are  not  reinvested  or  committed  to  be  reinvested  in  the  business  in  accordance  with  customary 
reinvestment provisions and (2) net cash proceeds of the incurrence of certain indebtedness. Borrowings under the 
Senior Credit Facility are guaranteed by each of our domestic subsidiaries (the "Guarantor"), other than certain excluded 
subsidiaries (including bank subsidiaries) and subject to certain other exceptions set forth in the credit agreement.  
Obligations under the Senior Credit Facility are secured by first priority liens on, and security interests in, substantially 
all of our assets and each Guarantor, subject to certain customary exceptions. 

Covenants and restrictions

The Senior Credit Facility contains customary representations and warranties relating to us and our subsidiaries. 
The Senior Credit Facility also contains certain affirmative and negative covenants including negative covenants that 
limit  or  restrict,  among  other  things,  liens,  indebtedness,  investments  and  acquisitions,  mergers  and  fundamental 
changes, asset sales, restricted payments, changes in the nature of the business, transactions with affiliates and other 
matters customarily restricted in such agreements.  We must maintain a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio and a 
maximum  consolidated  leverage  ratio  at  the  end  of  each  fiscal  quarter,  as  set  forth  in  the  credit  agreement. At 
December 31, 2015, we were in compliance with all such covenants.

If an event of default shall occur and be continuing under the Senior Credit Facility, the commitments may be 
terminated and the principal amounts outstanding under the Senior Credit Facility, together with all accrued unpaid 
interest and other amounts owing in respect thereof, may be declared immediately due and payable. 

77

Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity

Convertible Preferred Stock

In  December  2011,  we  filed  a  restated  Certificate  of  Incorporation  that  authorized  10,085  shares  of  Series A 
Convertible  Junior  Participating  Non-Cumulative  Perpetual  Preferred  Stock,  or  Series A  Preferred  Stock.  We  then 
entered into and completed a share exchange with a significant shareholder, whereby 6,859,000 shares of our Class 
B common stock were exchanged for 6,859 shares of our newly created series of preferred stock.

During  the  year  ended  December 31,  2014,  5,345 shares  of  Series  A  Convertible  Junior  Participating  Non-
Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock converted into 5,345,000 shares of Class A Common Stock. As of December 31, 
2015  and  2014,  1,515  shares  were  outstanding.  Our  Certificate  of  Incorporation  specified  the  following  rights, 
preferences, and privileges for our Series A preferred stockholders.

Voting

Series A Preferred Stock is non-voting, subject to limited exceptions.

Dividends

Holders of shares of the Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive ratable dividends (on an as-converted 
basis, taking into account the conversion rate applicable to the Series A Preferred Stock at the time) only as, if and 
when any dividends are paid in respect of our Class A Common Stock.

Liquidation

In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of our company (excluding a Reorganization 
Event (defined below)), of the assets of our company or the proceeds thereof legally available for distribution to our 
stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of our Class A Common Stock and any Series A Preferred 
Stock outstanding at that time after payment to the holders of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock of an amount per 
share equal to (i) $0.01 plus (ii) any dividends on our Series A Preferred Stock that have been declared but not paid 
prior to the date of payment of such distribution.

In connection with any merger, sale of all or substantially all of the assets or other reorganization involving our 
company (a “Reorganization Event”) and in which our Class A Common Stock is converted into or exchanged for cash, 
securities or other consideration, holders of shares of our Series A Preferred Stock will be entitled to receive ratable 
amounts (on an as-converted basis, taking into account the conversion rate applicable to Series A Preferred Stock at 
the time) of the same consideration as is payable to holders of our Class A Common Stock pursuant to a Reorganization 
Event.

Conversion

Our Series A Preferred Stock is not convertible into any other security except that it converts into Class A Common 
Stock if it is transferred by a holder (i) in a widespread public distribution, (ii) in a private sale or transfer in which the 
transferee acquires no more than 2% of any class of voting shares of our company, (iii) to a transferee that owns or 
controls  more  than  50%  of  the  voting  shares  of  our  company  without  regard  to  any  transfer  from  the  transferring 
shareholder or (iv) to our company. Each share of Series A Preferred Stock so transferred will automatically convert 
into  1,000  shares  (subject  to  appropriate  adjustment  for  any  stock  split,  reverse  stock  split,  stock  dividend, 
recapitalization or other similar event) of our Class A Common Stock. 

Common Stock

In August 2013, the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B Common Stock declined to less than 10% of 
the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. 
Pursuant to the terms of Article V of our Certificate of Incorporation, the issued and outstanding shares of our Class 
B common stock automatically converted into shares of our Class A common stock. Following this automatic conversion, 
there is now only a single class of our common stock outstanding.

Our  Certificate  of  Incorporation  specifies  the  following  rights,  preferences,  and  privileges  for  our  common 

stockholders.

Voting

Holders of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share.

78

Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

We have not provided for cumulative voting for the election of directors in our restated Certificate of Incorporation. 
In addition, our Certificate of Incorporation provides that a holder, or group of affiliated holders, of more than 24.9% of 
our  common  stock  may  not  vote  shares  representing  more  than  14.9%  of  the  voting  power  represented  by  the 
outstanding shares of our Class A common stock.

Dividends

Subject to preferences that may apply to any shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of 
outstanding shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available at the 
times and in the amounts that our board of directors may determine. In the event a dividend is paid in the form of shares 
of common stock or rights to acquire shares of common stock, the holders of Class A common stock will receive Class 
A common stock, or rights to acquire Class A common stock, as the case may be.

Liquidation

Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the assets legally available for distribution to our stockholders 
would be distributable ratably among the holders of our Class A common stock and any participating preferred stock 
outstanding at that time after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding shares of our preferred 
stock and payment of other claims of creditors.

Preemptive or Similar Rights

Our Class A common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights or subject to redemption. 

Non-Employee Stock-Based Payments

Shares Subject to Repurchase

In May 2010, we amended our commercial agreement with Walmart, our largest retail distributor, and GE Money 
Bank. The agreement commenced on May 1, 2010 with a five-year term. As an incentive to amend our prepaid card 
program agreement, we issued Walmart 2,208,552 shares of our Class A common stock. These shares were subject 
to  our  right  to  repurchase  them  at  $0.01  per  share  upon  termination  of  our  agreement  with  Walmart  other  than  a 
termination arising out of our knowing, intentional and material breach of the agreement. Our right to repurchase the 
shares lapsed with respect to 36,810 shares per month over the five-year term of the agreement. Our right to repurchase 
shares lapsed completely during the year ended December 31, 2015, and therefore, there were no shares subject to 
our repurchase right as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2014 there were 147,192 shares of Class A common 
stock issued to Walmart subject to our repurchase right. 

Registration Rights Agreements

      Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 27, 2010 as amended

We are a party to a Ninth Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of May 27, 2010, as 
amended (the "Registration Rights Agreement") with certain of our investors, pursuant to which we have granted those 
persons or entities the right to register shares of common stock held by them under the Securities Act of 1933, as 
amended, or the Securities Act. Holders of these rights are entitled to demand that we register their shares of common 
stock under the Securities Act so long as certain conditions are satisfied and require us to include their shares of 
common stock in future registration statements that may be filed, either for our own account or for the account of other 
security holders exercising registration rights. In addition, after an initial public offering, these holders have the right 
to request that their shares of common stock be registered on a Form S-3 registration statement so long as certain 
conditions are satisfied and the anticipated aggregate sales price of the registered shares as of the date of filing of the 
Form S-3 registration statement is at least $1.0 million. The foregoing registration rights are subject to various conditions 
and limitations, including the right of underwriters of an offering to limit the number of registrable securities that may 
be included in an offering. The registration rights terminate as to any particular shares on the date on which the holder 
sells such shares to the public in a registered offering or pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We are generally 
required to bear all of the expenses of these registrations, except underwriting commissions, selling discounts and 
transfer taxes.

79

Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

We are not obligated under the Registration Rights Agreement to transfer consideration, whether in cash, equity 
instruments,  or  adjustments  to  the  terms  of  the  financial  instruments  that  are  subject  to  the  registration  payment 
arrangement,  to  the  investors,  if  the  registration  statement  is  not  declared  effective  within  the  specified  time  or  if 
effectiveness of the registration statement is not maintained.

The Registration Rights Agreement expired pursuant to its terms in July 2015.

Registration Rights Agreement dated as of October 23, 2014

We are party to a Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2014, with certain persons listed on 
Exhibit A thereto (the “New Registration Rights Agreement”), which we entered into in connection with our acquisition 
of TPG. The terms of the New Registration Rights Agreement grant the selling stockholders (and their successors and 
permitted assigns who hold shares of our Class A common stock in accordance with the New Registration Rights 
Agreement) certain rights with respect to the registration of their shares under the Securities Act. We were required to 
file a Form S-3 shelf registration statement to register the shares of Class A common stock issued in the acquisition 
of TPG as soon as reasonably practicable after the closing of the acquisition and to cause the registration statement 
to be declared effective within 75 days of the closing of the merger.  We filed the Form S-3 registration statement with 
the SEC on December 12, 2014. Subject to certain exceptions, we must keep the Form S-3 registration statement 
continuously effective until the earlier of (x) the date following the second anniversary of the closing of the acquisition 
on which there remain fewer than 1,840,001 registrable securities (i.e., approximately 30% of the aggregate shares 
of our common stock issued in the acquisition) and (y) the 30 month anniversary of the acquisition closing.

The New Registration Rights Agreement grants holders holding at least $30 million of registrable securities the 
right to cause us to effect up to two underwritten offerings under the Form S-3 registration statement of, in each case, 
registrable securities having an aggregate offering price of at least $30 million. The foregoing registration rights are 
subject to various conditions and limitations, including the right of underwriters of an offering to limit the number of 
registrable securities that may be included in an offering. The registration rights under the New Registration Rights 
Agreement will terminate as to any particular shares on the date on which the holder sells such shares to the public 
in a registered offering or pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We will generally pay all expenses, other than 
underwriting discounts and commissions, transfer taxes and the fees and disbursements of more than one counsel 
for the selling stockholders, incurred in connection with the registration described above. 

Refer to Note 3 — Business Acquisitions for additional information regarding our acquisition of TPG.

Comprehensive Income

The tax impact on unrealized losses on investment securities available-for-sale for the years ended December 31, 

2015, 2014 and 2013 was approximately $0.3 million, $0.0 million and $0.1 million,  respectively.

Stock Repurchase Program

In June 2015, our Board of Directors authorized a repurchase of shares of our Class A Common Stock in an amount 
up to $150 million under a stock repurchase program ("Repurchase Program") with no expiration date. The Repurchase 
Program may be carried out at the direction of management, subject to the limitations set forth in Rule 10b-18 of the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ("Exchange Act") and other legal requirements, and any further limitations that may 
be established by the Board of Directors. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases, block trades, 
and in negotiated private transactions. The stock may be repurchased on an ongoing basis and will be subject to the 
availability of stock, general market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses for capital and our financial 
performance. As  of  December 31,  2015  we  have  repurchased  $41.7  million  of  Class A  Common  Stock  under  the 
Repurchase Program. 

In September 2015, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase ("ASR") agreement with a financial institution 
to repurchase shares of our common stock as part of our repurchase program. Under the ASR agreement, in exchange 
for an up-front payment of $40 million, we received an initial delivery of approximately 1.8 million shares on September 
4, 2015 based on the then current market price of our stock.  The ASR agreement was accounted for in two separate 
transactions: 1) a retirement of the initial shares received from the repurchase and 2) a forward stock purchase contract 
indexed to our own stock for the unsettled portion of the ASR. We recorded treasury stock of $32 million, which reflects 
the value of the initial shares received from the financial institution and an $8 million decrease to additional paid-in 
capital, which reflects the implied value of the forward contract for the shares withheld by the financial institution.  The 
ASR met all of the applicable criteria for equity classification, and therefore were not accounted for as derivative

80

Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity (continued)

instruments. During the quarter ended December 31, 2015, we retired the 1.8 million shares repurchased under the 
ASR agreement, but they remain authorized for registration and issuance in the future.

 The final number of shares received upon settlement for the ASR is determined based on the volume-weighted 
average price of our common stock over the term of the agreement less an agreed upon discount and subject to 
adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the ASR. Upon settlement, we will either receive additional shares 
from the financial institution or we may be required to deliver additional shares or cash to the financial institution, at 
our election. The ASR agreement was settled in full on January 2, 2016 and the total number of shares repurchased 
was approximately 2.3 million at an average price of $17.08 per share. 

In  connection  with  the  Repurchase  Program,  we  entered  into  a  repurchase  plan  in  December  2015  under 
Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act for $10 million. The timing, nature and amount of purchases depend on a variety of 
factors, including market conditions and the volume limit defined by Rule 10b-18. As of December 31, 2015, we had 
repurchased a total of 0.1 million shares at an average price of $16.49 per share for a total cost of $1.7 million under 
this plan.  Repurchases under this 10b5-1 plan were completed in January 2016.  Total repurchases under this plan 
amounted to approximately 0.6 million shares at an average price of $16.15.

 The initial repurchase of our shares resulted in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate 

the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted earnings per share.

Note 12—Employee Stock-Based Compensation

Employee Stock-Based Compensation

In January 2001, we adopted the 2001 Stock Plan. The 2001 Stock Plan provided for the granting of incentive 
stock options, nonqualified stock options and other stock awards. Options granted under the 2001 Stock Plan generally 
vest over four years and expire five years or ten years from the date of grant. This stock plan is no longer in effect with 
the automatic conversion of all Class B Common Stock to Class A Common Stock in August 2013 as noted within Note 
11—Stockholders’ Equity.

In June 2010, our board of directors adopted, and in July 2010 our stockholders approved, the 2010 Equity Incentive 
Plan, which replaced our 2001 Stock Plan, and the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. The 2010 Equity Incentive 
Plan authorizes the award of stock options, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units, 
performance shares and stock bonuses. Options granted under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan generally vest over 
four years and expire five years or ten years from the date of grant. The 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan enables 
eligible employees to purchase shares of our Class A common stock periodically at a discount. Our 2010 Employee 
Stock Purchase Plan is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal 
Revenue Code. 

Upon adoption, we reserved 2,000,000 shares and 200,000 shares of our Class A common stock for issuance 
under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, respectively. The number of shares 
reserved for issuance under our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and our 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan automatically 
increases on the first day of January of each of 2011 through 2014 and 2011 through 2018, respectively, by up to a 
number of shares equal to 3% of the total outstanding shares our Class A common stock as of the immediately preceding 
December 31st. Our board of directors or its compensation committee may reduce the amount of the annual increase 
under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan or 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan in any particular year. At our 2014 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders, our stockholders approved amendments to our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan to increase the 
number of shares reserved for issuance by 3,400,000 shares. Approximately 2.4 million shares are available for grant 
under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2015.

Stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013 includes expense related to 
awards of stock options and restricted stock units and purchases under the 2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. 
Total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit were as follows: 

Total stock-based compensation expense

Related income tax benefit

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands)

27,011

$

8,602

20,329

$

6,949

14,703

4,007

$

81

Note 12—Employee Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

Excluding non-plan equity awards granted in 2013, options and restricted stock units granted on or after July 21, 
2010 are issued under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan and options granted prior to July 21, 2010 were issued under 
the 2001 Stock Plan, the predecessor to our 2010 Equity Incentive Plan. We have reserved shares of our Class A 
common stock for issuance under the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan.

The following table summarizes stock options and restricted stock units granted:

Stock options granted

Weighted-average exercise price

Weighted-average grant-date fair value

Restricted stock units granted

Weighted-average grant-date fair value

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands, except per share data)

$

$

$

—

— $

— $

1,980

16.34

$

106

20.92

10.75

$

$

2,035

19.49

$

2,236

18.88

7.20

1,272

22.16

We estimated the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using the following weighted-average 

assumptions:

Risk-free interest rate

Expected term (life) of options (in years)

Expected dividends

Expected volatility

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

—%

—

—

—%

1.8%

5.79

—

54.0%

1.2%

5.86

—

43.4%

Determining the fair value of stock-based awards at their respective grant dates requires considerable judgment, 
including estimating expected volatility and expected term (life). We based our expected volatility on the historical 
volatility of comparable public companies over the option’s expected term. We calculated our expected term based on 
the simplified method, which is the mid-point between the weighted-average graded-vesting term and the contractual 
term. The simplified method was chosen as a means to determine expected term as we have limited historical option 
exercise experience as a public company. We derived the risk-free rate from the average yield for the five-and seven-
year zero-coupon U.S. Treasury Strips. We estimate forfeitures at the grant date based on our historical forfeiture rate 
and revise the estimate, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 was as follows:

Options

Weighted-Average
Exercise Price

Weighted-Average 
Remaining 
Contractual Life 
(in Years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic Value

(In thousands, except per share data and years)

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

Options granted

Options exercised

Options canceled

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Vested or expected to vest at December 31, 2015

Exercisable at December 31, 2015

3,622

$

—

(98)

(176)

3,348

$

3,320

2,679

18.91

—

12.55

21.40

18.97

18.96

18.99

5.70

5.68

5.33

$

$

$

5,921

5,907

5,351

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $0.5 million, $14.0 million and $17.9 million for the years ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. 

82

 
 
 
 
Note 12—Employee Stock-Based Compensation (continued)

Restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 was as follows:

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

Restricted stock units granted

Restricted stock units canceled

Restricted stock units vested

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Shares

Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value

(In thousands)

2,752

1,980

$

$

(493) $

(793) $

3,446

$

20.18

16.14

19.31

20.12

17.99

The total fair value of shares vested for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $14.0 million, 

$8.2 million and $4.5 million, respectively, based on the price of our Class A common stock on the vesting date. 

As of December 31, 2015, there was $5.3 million and $45.7 million of aggregate unrecognized compensation cost 
related to unvested stock options and restricted stock units, respectively, expected to be recognized in compensation 
expense in future periods, with a weighted-average period of 1.44 years and 2.67 years, respectively. 

Stock-Based Retailer Incentive Compensation

As discussed in Note 11 — Stockholders’ Equity, we issued Walmart 2,208,552 shares of our Class A common 
stock. We recognize the fair value of 36,810 shares each month over the five-year term of the commercial agreement. 
An early expiration of our right to repurchase as described above would, however, result in the recognition of the fair 
value of all the shares still subject to repurchase on the date of the expiration. We currently assess an early expiration 
of our repurchase right to be remote. We record the fair value recognized as stock-based retailer incentive compensation, 
a contra-revenue component of our total operating revenues. We recognize monthly the fair value of the shares for 
which our right to repurchase has lapsed using the then-current fair market value of our Class A common stock. We 
recognized $2.5 million, $8.9 million and $8.7 million of stock-based retailer incentive compensation for the years ended 
December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. Our repurchase right lapsed completely in April 2015, and we no 
longer recorded stock-based compensation beginning in May 2015.

Note 13—Income Taxes

The components of income tax expense included in our consolidated statements of operations were as follows:

Current:

Federal

State

Foreign

Current income tax expense

Deferred:

Federal

State

Foreign

Deferred income tax expense

Income tax expense

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands)

$

18,988

$

24,382

$

1,104

21

20,113

(138)

(287)

19

(406)

1,368

—

25,750

760

(224)

(73)

463

$

19,707

$

26,213

$

11,880

1,116

—

12,996

6,776

(1,312)

—

5,464

18,460

83

 
 
Note 13—Income Taxes (continued)

Income tax expense differs from the amount computed by applying the statutory federal income tax rate to income 

before income taxes. The sources and tax effects of the differences are as follows:

U.S. federal statutory tax rate

State income taxes, net of federal benefit

General business credits

Employee stock-based compensation

Transaction costs

Other

Effective tax rate

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

35.0%

0.4

(0.9)

0.8

(2.1)

0.7

33.9%

35.0%

1.1

(1.3)

0.7

1.8

0.7

35.0%

(0.2)

(2.3)

1.4

—

1.2

38.0%

35.1%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 as compared to the year ended 

December 31, 2014 is primarily attributable to transaction costs. 

The tax effects of temporary difference that give rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities 

were as follows:

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforwards

Stock-based compensation

Reserve for overdrawn accounts

Accrued liabilities

Tax credit carryforwards

Other

Gross deferred tax assets

Valuation allowance

Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

Deferred tax liabilities:

Internal-use software costs

Property and equipment, net

Deferred expenses

Intangible assets

Gift card revenue

Other

Total deferred tax liabilities

Net deferred tax assets

December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands)

$

$

$

$

14,726

$

12,535

3,162

6,206

2,592

2,531

41,752

—

41,752

$

17,955

$

1,669

4,730

10,623

4,183

—

39,160

2,592

$

15,172

9,317

4,422

5,866

3,131

2,151

40,059

—

40,059

14,880

3,924

5,856

3,467

7,951

1,708

37,786

2,273

We establish a valuation allowance when we consider it more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred 
tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2015, we did not have a valuation allowance on any of our deferred 
tax assets as we believed it was more-likely-than-not that we would realize the benefits of our deferred tax assets.

We are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, and various state tax authorities. Our 
consolidated federal income tax returns for five-months ended December 31, 2009 and the years ended December 
31, 2010, 2011 and 2012 are currently under examination by the IRS. We remain subject to examination of our federal 
income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014. We generally remain subject to examination of 
our various state income tax returns for a period of four to five years from the respective dates the returns were filed.

As of December 31, 2015, we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $46.2 million and $35.1 
million for federal and state tax purposes, respectively, which will be available to offset future income. If not used, these 
carryforwards will expire between 2017 and 2035. In addition, we have state business tax credits of approximately 

84

 
 
Note 13—Income Taxes (continued)

$5.8 million that can be carried forward indefinitely and other state business tax credits of approximately $0.9 million
that will expire 2025.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had a liability of $7.4 million and $6.2 million, respectively, for unrecognized 
tax benefits related to various federal and state income tax matters excluding interest, penalties and related tax benefits. 
The reconciliation of the beginning unrecognized tax benefits balance to the ending balance is as follows:

Beginning balance

Increases related to positions taken during prior years

Increases related to positions taken during the current year

Ending balance

The total amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if
recognized, would affect the effective tax rate

$

$

$

2015

Year Ended December 31,

2014

(In thousands)

2013

6,189

$

759

423

7,371

$

3,724

$

856

1,609

6,189

$

1,481

931

1,312

3,724

7,371

$

6,189

$

3,724

We  recognized  accrued  interest  and  penalties  related  to  unrecognized  tax  benefits  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, of approximately $0.2 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Note 14—Earnings per Common Share

In August 2013, the issued and outstanding shares of our Class B Common Stock declined to less than 10% of 
the aggregate number of issued and outstanding shares of our Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. 
Pursuant to the terms of Article V of our Certificate of Incorporation, the issued and outstanding shares of our Class 
B common stock automatically converted into shares of our Class A common stock. Following this automatic conversion, 
there is now only a single class of our common stock outstanding. 

The calculation of basic and diluted EPS was as follows:

Basic earnings per Class A common share

Net income

Income attributable to preferred stock

Income attributable to other classes of common stock

Net income allocated to Class A common stockholders

Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding

Basic earnings per Class A common share

Diluted earnings per Class A common share

Net income allocated to Class A common stockholders

Re-allocated earnings

Diluted net income allocated to Class A common stockholders

Weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding

Dilutive potential common shares:

Stock options

Restricted stock units

Employee stock purchase plan

Diluted weighted-average Class A shares issued and outstanding

Diluted earnings per Class A common share

$

$

$

$

$

$

85

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands, except per share data)

38,415

$

42,693

$

(1,102)

(21)

37,292

$

51,332

0.73

$

(4,842)

(349)

37,502

$

40,907

0.92

$

37,292

$

37,502

$

11

37,303

$

51,332

94

37,596

$

40,907

293

243

7

640

220

3

51,875

0.72

$

41,770

0.90

$

34,040

(5,360)

(642)

28,038

35,875

0.78

28,038

172

28,210

35,875

1,078

203

—

37,156

0.76

 
 
Note 14—Earnings per Common Share (continued)

For  the  periods  presented,  we  excluded  all  shares  of  convertible  preferred  stock  and  certain  stock  options 
outstanding, which could potentially dilute basic EPS in the future, from the computation of diluted EPS as their effect 
was anti-dilutive. The following table shows the weighted-average number of anti-dilutive shares excluded from the 
diluted EPS calculation:

Class A common stock

Options to purchase Class A common stock

Restricted stock units

Conversion of convertible preferred stock

Total options, restricted stock units and convertible preferred stock

Note 15—Fair Value Measurements

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

2013

(In thousands)

650

31

1,518

2,199

598

15

5,282

5,895

994

39

6,859

7,892

We determine  the fair values  of our  financial  instruments  based  on  the  fair  value hierarchy  established  under 
applicable accounting guidance which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the 
use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs used to measure fair value. 

For more information regarding the fair value hierarchy and how we measure fair value, see Note 2–Summary of 

Significant Accounting Policies.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, our assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis were as 

follows:

December 31, 2015

Assets

Corporate bonds

Commercial paper

U.S. Treasury notes

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

Total assets

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

December 31, 2014

Assets

Corporate bonds

Commercial paper

U.S. Treasury notes

Agency securities

Mortgage-backed securities

Municipal bonds

Asset-backed securities

Total assets

Liabilities

Contingent consideration

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total Fair Value

(In thousands)

— $

33,154

$

— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,505

17,525

4,015

99,772

1,900

18,668

—

—

—

—

—

—

33,154

6,505

17,525

4,015

99,772

1,900

18,668

— $

181,539

$

— $

181,539

— $

— $

13,889

$

13,889

— $

40,389

$

— $

—

—

—

—

—

—

7,649

14,771

2,950

35,362

5,595

13,715

—

—

—

—

—

—

40,389

7,649

14,771

2,950

35,362

5,595

13,715

— $

120,431

$

— $

120,431

— $

— $

23,160

$

23,160

86

$

$

$

$

$

$

 
 
Note 15—Fair Value Measurements (continued)

We based the fair value of our fixed income securities held as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 on quoted prices 
in active markets for similar assets. We had no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 assets or liabilities during 
the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

The following table presents changes in our contingent consideration payable for the years ended December 31, 

2015 and 2014, which is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy:

Balance, beginning of period

Issuance

Payments of contingent consideration

Purchase accounting adjustment

Change in fair value of contingent consideration

Balance, end of period

Note 16—Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Year Ended December 31,

2015

2014

(In thousands)

23,160

$

—

(1,071)

—

(8,200)

—

24,500

(242)

(400)

(698)

13,889

$

23,160

$

$

The following describes the valuation technique for determining the fair value of financial instruments, whether or 

not such instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Short-term Financial Instruments

Our short-term financial instruments consist principally of unrestricted and restricted cash and cash equivalents, 
federal funds sold, settlement assets and obligations, and obligations to customers. These financial instruments are 
short-term in nature, and, accordingly, we believe their carrying amounts approximate their fair values. Under the fair 
value hierarchy, these instruments are classified as Level 1.

Investment Securities

The fair values of investment securities have been derived using methodologies referenced in Note 2–Summary 
of Significant Accounting Policies. Under the fair value hierarchy, our investment securities are classified as Level 2.

Loans

We determined the fair values of loans by discounting both principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected 
using a discount rate commensurate with the risk that we believe a market participant would consider in determining 
fair value. Under the fair value hierarchy, our loans are classified as Level 3.

Deposits

The fair value of demand and interest checking deposits and savings deposits is the amount payable on demand 
at the reporting date. We determined the fair value of time deposits by discounting expected future cash flows using 
market-derived rates based on our market yields on certificates of deposit, by maturity, at the measurement date. Under 
the fair value hierarchy, our deposits are classified as Level 2.

Contingent Consideration

The fair value of contingent consideration obligations are estimated through valuation models designed to estimate 
the probability of such contingent payments based on various assumptions.  Estimated payments are discounted using 
present value techniques to arrive at an estimated fair value.  Our contingent consideration payable is classified as 
Level  3  because  we  use  unobservable  inputs  to  estimate  fair  value,  including  the  probability  of  achieving  certain 
earnings thresholds and appropriate discount rates. Changes in fair value of contingent consideration are recorded 
through operating expenses.

Note Payable

The  fair  value  of  our  note  payable  is  based  on  borrowing  rates  currently  required  of  loans  with  similar  terms,  
maturity and credit risk.  The carrying amount of our note payable approximates fair value because the base interest 
rate charged varies with market conditions and the credit spread is commensurate with current market spreads for 
issuers of similar risk.  The fair value of the note payable is classified as a Level 2 liability in the fair value hierarchy.

87

Note 16—Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying values and fair values of certain financial instruments that were not carried at fair value, excluding 
short-term  financial  instruments  for  which  the  carrying  value  approximates  fair  value,  at  December 31, 
2015 and 2014 are presented in the table below.

Financial Assets

Loans to bank customers, net of allowance

Financial Liabilities

Deposits

Note payable

$

$

$

Note 17—Concentrations of Credit Risk

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

Carrying Value

Fair Value

Carrying Value

Fair Value

(In thousands)

6,279

$

5,847

$

6,550

$

5,399

652,145

121,652

$

$

652,060

121,652

$

$

565,401

142,617

$

$

565,345

142,617

Financial instruments that subject us to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of unrestricted cash and cash 
equivalents, restricted cash, investment securities, accounts receivable, loans and settlement assets. We deposit our 
unrestricted cash and cash equivalents and our restricted cash with regional and national banking institutions that we 
periodically monitor and evaluate for creditworthiness. Credit risk for our investment securities is mitigated by the types 
of investment securities in our portfolio, which must comply with strict investment guidelines that we believe appropriately 
ensures the preservation of invested capital. Credit risk for our accounts receivable is concentrated with card issuing 
banks and our customers, and this risk is mitigated by the relatively short collection period and our large customer 
base. We do not require or maintain collateral for accounts receivable. We maintain reserves for uncollectible overdrawn 
accounts and uncollectible trade receivables. With respect to our loan portfolio, approximately 93.4% of our borrowers 
reside in the state of Utah and approximately 40.2% in the city of Provo. Consequently, this loan portfolio is susceptible 
to any adverse market or environmental conditions that may impact this specific geographic region. Credit risk for our 
settlement assets is concentrated with our retail distributors, which we periodically monitor.

Note 18—Defined Contribution Plan

On  January  1,  2004,  we  established  a  defined  contribution  savings  plan  under  Section  401(k)  of  the  Internal 
Revenue Code. Employees who have attained at least 21 years of age are generally eligible to participate in the plan 
on the first day of the calendar month following the month in which they commence service with us. Participants may 
make pre-tax contributions to the plan from their eligible earnings up to the statutorily prescribed annual limit on pre-
tax contributions under the code. We may contribute to the plan at the discretion of our board of directors. In March 
2014, employer contributions were reinstated equal to 25% of the first 5% of a participant's eligible compensation. Our 
contributions are allocated in the same manner as that of the participant’s elective contributions. We made contributions 
to the plan of $0.9 million, $0.5 million, and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, 
respectively. Effective January 1, 2013, our board elected to suspend discretionary employer matching contributions. 
Amounts recognized for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to employer matching contributions for the 2012 
plan year that were not paid until 2013.

Note 19—Commitments and Contingencies

In December 2011, we entered into a ten-year office lease for 140,000 square feet of office space in Pasadena, 
California. This facility serves as our corporate headquarters. The initial term of the lease is ten years and is scheduled 
to expire  on October 31,  2022. Through our  wholly owned  subsidiaries,  we also lease  various  office  facilities  and 
maintain smaller administrative or project offices. Our total rental expense for these and former leases amounted to 
$8.8 million, $5.4 million and $5.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

88

Note 19—Commitments and Contingencies (continued)

At December 31, 2015, the future minimum aggregate rental commitment under all operating leases and minimum 

annual payments through various agreements with vendors and retail distributors was as follows:

Year ending December 31,

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Thereafter

Total of future commitments

Operating Leases

Vendor/Retail Distributor
Commitments

(In thousands)

8,352

$

7,136

5,788

5,618

5,745

10,988

43,627

$

29,101

14,359

7,274

910

—

—

51,644

$

$

In the event we terminate our processing services agreement for convenience, we are required to pay a single 
lump sum equal to any minimum payments remaining on the date of termination.  These future minimum obligations 
are included in our vendor and retail distributor commitments.

We monitor the laws of all 50 states to identify state laws or regulations that apply (or may apply) to our products 
and services. We have obtained money transmitter licenses (or similar such licenses) where applicable, based on 
advice of counsel or when we have been requested to do so. If we were found to be in violation of any laws and 
regulations governing banking, money transmitters, electronic fund transfers, or money laundering in the United States 
or abroad, we could be subject to penalties or could be forced to change our business practices.

In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various legal proceedings. We review these actions on an 
ongoing basis to determine whether it is probable and estimable that a loss has occurred and use that information 
when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We have not established reserves or possible ranges of losses related 
to these proceedings because, at this time in the proceedings, the matters do not relate to a probable loss and/or the 
amounts are not reasonably estimable.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, we received net cash proceeds of $6.4 million in connection with the 
settlement of a lawsuit. We recorded this settlement, net of legal costs incurred in connection with the litigation, as 
other income on our consolidated statements of operations.

From time to time we enter into contracts containing provisions that contingently require us to indemnify various 
parties against claims from third parties. These contracts primarily relate to: (i) contracts with our card issuing banks, 
under which we are responsible to them for any unrecovered overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts; (ii) certain real estate 
leases, under which we may be required to indemnify property owners for environmental and other liabilities, and other 
claims arising from our use of the premises; (iii) certain agreements with our officers, directors, and employees, under 
which we may be required to indemnify these persons for liabilities arising out of their relationship with us; and (iv) 
contracts under which we may be required to indemnify our retail distributors, suppliers, vendors and other parties with 
whom  we  have  contracts  against  claims  arising  from  certain  of  our  actions,  omissions,  violations  of  law  and/or 
infringement of patents, trademarks, copyrights and/or other intellectual property rights.

Generally, a maximum obligation under these contracts is not explicitly stated. Because the obligated amounts 
associated with these types of agreements are not explicitly stated, the overall maximum amount of the obligation 
cannot be reasonably estimated. With the exception of overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts, historically, we have not 
been required to make payments under these and similar contingent obligations, and no liabilities have been recorded 
for these obligations in our consolidated balance sheets.

For additional information regarding overdrafts on cardholders’ accounts, refer to Note 5 — Accounts Receivable.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we had $1.5 million outstanding in standby letters of credit related to our 

corporate facility lease. 

89

Note 20—Significant Customer Concentration

A credit concentration may exist if customers are involved in similar industries, economic sectors, and geographic 
regions. Our retail distributors operate in similar economic sectors but diverse domestic geographic regions. The loss 
of a significant retail distributor could have a material adverse effect upon our card sales, profitability, and revenue 
growth.

Revenue Concentrations

Revenues derived from our products sold at retail distributors constituting greater than 10% of our total operating 

revenues were as follows:

Walmart

Year Ended December 31,

2015

46%

2014

54%

2013

64%

Excluding stock-based retailer incentive compensation of $2.5 million, $8.9 million, and $8.7 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively, revenues derived from our products sold at retail distributors 
constituting greater than 10% of our total operating revenues were as follows:

Walmart

Year Ended December 31,

2015

46%

2014

55%

2013

65%

No  other  retail  distributor  made  up  greater  than  10%  of  our  total  operating  revenues  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013. 

Unit Concentrations

The concentration of GPR cards activated (in units) and the concentration of sales of cash transfer products (in 

units) derived from our products sold at our four largest retail distributors was as follows:

Concentration of GPR cards activated (in units)

Concentration of sales of cash transfer products (in units)

Settlement Asset Concentrations

Year Ended December 31,

2015

61%

81%

2014

70%

83%

2013

82%

87%

Settlement assets derived from our products sold at our four largest retail distributors comprised the following 

percentages of the settlement assets recorded on our consolidated balance sheets:

Walmart

Three other largest retail distributors, as a group

December 31, 2015

December 31, 2014

62%

9%

22%

6%

90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Note 21—Regulatory Requirements

Our subsidiary bank, Green Dot Bank, is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System and our primary regulator 
is the Federal Reserve Board. We are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal 
banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators 
that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on our financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines, 
we must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities and certain off-
balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are 
also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors.

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014, we were categorized as "well capitalized" under the regulatory framework. 
There were no conditions or events since December 31, 2015 which management believes would have changed our 
category as "well capitalized." Our capital ratios and related regulatory requirements were as follows:

Green Dot Corporation:

Tier 1 leverage

Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Bank:

Tier 1 leverage

Common equity Tier 1 capital

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Corporation:

Tier 1 leverage

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

Green Dot Bank:

Tier 1 leverage

Tier 1 capital

Total risk-based capital

December 31, 2015

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory 
Minimum (1)

"Well-capitalized" 
Minimum (1)

(In thousands, except ratios)

347,801

347,801

347,801

349,396

152,737

152,737

152,737

153,164

25.9%

70.7%

70.7%

71.1%

20.4%

132.2%

132.2%

132.5%

4.0%

4.5%

6.0%

8.0%

15.0%

4.5%

6.0%

8.0%

n/a

n/a

6.0%

10.0%

15.0%

6.5%

8.0%

10.0%

December 31, 2014

Amount

Ratio

Regulatory 
Minimum (1)

"Well-capitalized" 
Minimum (1)

(In thousands, except ratios)

200,917

200,917

201,368

135,786

135,786

136,237

21.3%

45.4%

45.5%

17.9%

70.6%

70.8%

4.0%

5.5%

8.0%

15.0%

5.5%

8.0%

n/a

6.0%

10.0%

15.0%

6.0%

10.0%

(1) The tier 1 leverage regulatory minimum and well-capitalized minimum ratios for banks is 4% and 5%, respectively.  Our subsidiary bank is
subject to separate tier 1 leverage requirements that we have committed to with the Federal Reserve Board and Utah Department of
Financial Institutions.

91

Note 22— Selected Unaudited Quarterly Financial Information

The following tables set forth a summary of our quarterly financial information for each of the four quarters in 2015 

and 2014:

Total operating revenues

Total operating expenses

Operating (loss) income

Interest expense, net

(Loss) income before income taxes

Income tax (benefit) expense

Net (loss) income

(Loss) earnings per common share

Basic

Class A common stock

Diluted

Class A common stock

$

$

$

$

2015

Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

(In thousands, except per share data)

150,928

$

146,360

$

170,247

$

162,707

(11,779)

(321)

(12,100)

(6,027)

148,066

163,329

(1,706)

(337)

(2,043)

(2,222)

6,918

(431)

6,487

2,991

(6,073) $

179

$

3,496

$

(0.12) $

(0.12) $

0.07

$

0.06

$

— $

— $

2014

Total operating revenues

Total operating expenses

Operating income

Interest (expense) income, net

Other income

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

Net (loss) income

(Loss) earnings per common share

Basic

Class A common stock

Diluted

Class A common stock

Note 23—Segment Information

Q4

Q3

Q2

Q1

$

150,609

$

144,659

$

147,016

$

(In thousands, except per share data)

150,339

270

(148)

760

882

1,727

(845) $

131,331

13,328

965

6,369

20,662

6,771

125,284

21,732

1,010

—

22,742

8,399

13,891

$

14,343

$

(0.02) $

0.30

$

0.32

$

(0.02) $

0.30

$

0.31

$

$

$

$

227,165

161,269

65,896

(118)

65,778

24,965

40,813

0.77

0.76

159,269

135,609

23,660

961

—

24,621

9,316

15,305

0.34

0.33

As of December 31, 2014 and prior, our operations were within one reportable segment. As a result of acquisitions 
occurring in the fourth quarter of 2014 and first quarter of 2015, we realigned our operations into two reportable segments 
during 2015: 1) Account Services and 2) Processing and Settlement Services. We identified our reportable segments 
based on factors such as how we manage our operations and how our chief operating decision maker views results. 
Our chief operating decision maker organizes and manages our business primarily on the basis of product and service 
offerings and uses operating income to assess profitability.

The Account Services segment consists of revenues and expenses derived from our branded and private label 
deposit account programs. These programs include our Green Dot-branded and affinity-branded GPR card accounts, 
private label GPR card accounts, checking accounts and open-loop gift cards. The Processing and Settlement Services 
segment consists of revenues and expenses derived from reload services through the Green Dot Network and our tax 
refund processing services. The Corporate and Other segment primarily consists of unallocated corporate expenses, 
depreciation and amortization, intercompany eliminations and other costs that are not considered when management

92

Note 23—Segment Information (continued)

evaluates segment performance. We do not evaluate performance or allocate resources based on segment asset data, 
and therefore such information is not presented.

The following table presents certain financial information for each of our reportable segments for the year-ended 
ended December 31, 2015. We have determined that it is impracticable to restate segment information for the year  
ended December 31, 2014, as well as to provide disclosures under both the old basis and new basis of reporting for 
certain items. Therefore, no such disclosures are presented.

Account Services

Processing and
Settlement Services

Corporate and Other

Total

Year Ended December 31, 2015

(In thousands)

Operating revenues

Operating expenses

Operating income

$

$

531,410

$

195,000

$

(31,710) $

440,669

133,539

90,741

$

61,461

$

61,163

(92,873) $

694,700

635,371

59,329

93

ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreement With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures — Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and 
Chief  Financial  Officer,  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in 
Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 13d-15(e)), and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange 
Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) at the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation of our 
disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, at 
the end of such period, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to 
be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and 
reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our 
management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions 
regarding required disclosure.

Report of management on internal control over financial reporting — Our management is responsible for establishing 
and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 
15d-15(f)) for Green Dot Corporation. Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief 
Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). 

Our  management  concluded  that,  as  of  December 31,  2015,  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 

effective based on these criteria. 

Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an unqualified opinion on the 
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, which is included in Part II, Item 
8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Change in internal control over financial reporting — There was no material change in our internal control over 
financial  reporting  (as  defined  in  Exchange  Act  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f))  during  the  three  months  ended 
December 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over 
financial reporting.

Limitations  on  Effectiveness  of  Controls  —  Our  management,  including  our  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief 
Financial Officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal controls will prevent all 
errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not 
absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must 
reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their 
costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance 
that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our company have been detected.

ITEM 9B. Other Information

None.

94

ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

PART III

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 12. Securities Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2015.

ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2016 Annual 
Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the end of the year ended December 31, 2015.

95

ITEM 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:

1. Financial Statements

PART IV

The Index to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report is incorporated herein by reference as the 
list of financial statements required as part of this report.

2. Financial Statement Schedules

All financial statement schedules have been omitted, since the required information is not applicable or is not 
present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included 
in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

3. Exhibits: The following exhibits are filed as part of or furnished with this annual report on Form 10-K as applicable:

The exhibit list in the Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference as the list of exhibits required as part of 
this report.

96

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report 

to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SIGNATURE

Date:

February 29, 2016

Green Dot Corporation

By:
Name:

Title:

/s/ Steven W. Streit

Steven W. Streit
Chairman, President, Chief Executive Officer

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS that each individual whose signature appears below constitutes 
and appoints Steven W. Streit, John C. Ricci, and Mark Shifke, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-
in-fact and agents with full power of substitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all 
capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto 
and  other  documents  in  connection  therewith,  with  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission,  granting  unto  said 
attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and 
thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she 
might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, 
or his, her or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done or by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the 

following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature

Title

Date

By:

/s/ Steven W. Streit

Name: Steven W. Streit

By:

/s/ Mark Shifke

Name: Mark Shifke

By:
Name:

/s/ Jess Unruh
Jess Unruh

By:

/s/ Kenneth C. Aldrich

Name: Kenneth C. Aldrich

By:

/s/ Samuel Altman

Name: Samuel Altman

Chairman, President, and Chief Executive
Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

February 29, 2016

Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial
Officer)

February 29, 2016

Chief Accounting Officer (Principal
Accounting Officer)

February 29, 2016

Director

Director

February 29, 2016

February 29, 2016

By:

  /s/ Glinda Bridgforth Hodges

Director

February 29, 2016

Name: Glinda Bridgforth Hodges

By:

/s/ Mary J. Dent

Name: Mary J. Dent

Director

February 29, 2016

By:

/s/ Timothy R. Greenleaf

Director

February 29, 2016

Name: Timothy R. Greenleaf

By:

  /s/ Michael J. Moritz

Name: Michael J. Moritz

Director

February 29, 2016

By:

  /s/ George T. Shaheen

Director

February 29, 2016

Name: George T. Shaheen

97

 
The following documents are filed as exhibits to this report:

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit
Number
2.1^

Exhibit Title
Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of September
17, 2014 by and among the Registrant, Patriot Merger
Sub LLC, SBBT Holdings, LLC, Platform TPG LLC, solely
in its capacity as the initial Holder Representative
thereunder, and the certain persons delivering joinder
agreements therewith.

Incorporated by Reference

Form
8-K

Date
September 17,
2014

Number
2.01

Filed
Herewith

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.1

10.1*

10.2*

10.3*

10.4*

10.5

10.6†

10.7

10.8

10.9

Tenth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
of the Registrant.

S-1(A2)

April 26, 2010

3.02

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Registrant.

S-1(A4)

June 29, 2010

Certificate of Designations of Series A Convertible Junior
Participating Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock of
Green Dot Corporation dated as of December 8, 2011.

8-K

December 14,
2011

3.04

3.01

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of October 23,
2014, by and among the Registrant and the persons listed
on Exhibit A thereto.

Form of Indemnity Agreement.

Second Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Plan and
forms of notice of stock option grant, stock option
agreement and stock option exercise letter.

2010 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended, and forms of
notice of stock option grant, stock option award
agreement, notice of restricted stock award, restricted
stock agreement, notice of stock bonus award, stock
bonus award agreement, notice of stock appreciation right
award, stock appreciation right award agreement, notice
of restricted stock unit award, restricted stock unit award
agreement, notice of performance shares award and
performance shares agreement.

8-K

October 24, 2014

4.01

S-1(A4)

June 29, 2010

S-1(A3)

June 2, 2010

10.01

10.02

8-K

May 23, 2014

10.01

2010 Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

S-1(A4)

June 29, 2010

10.19

Lease Agreement between the Registrant and Wells REIT
II - Pasadena Corporate Park L.P., dated December 5,
2011

Amended and Restated Walmart MoneyCard Program
Agreement dated as of May 1, 2015 by and among the
Registrant, Green Dot Bank, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,
Walmart Stores Texas L.P., Wal-Mart Louisiana, LLC, Wal-
Mart Stores Arkansas, LLC, Wal-Mart Stores East, L.P.
and Wal-Mart Puerto Rico, Inc.

Credit Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2014, by and
between the Registrant, Bank of America, N.A., and the
other lenders party thereto.

First Amendment to Credit Agreement and Consent, dated
as of February 12, 2015, by and between the Registrant,
Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, Bank of America,
N.A., and other lenders party thereto.

Second Amendment to Credit Agreement and Consent,
dated as of December 11, 2015, by and between the
Registrant, Bank of America, N.A., and other lenders party
thereto.

10-K

February 29, 2012

10.8

10-Q

August 10, 2015

10.01

8-K

October 24, 2014

10.1

X

X

10.10*

Form of Executive Severance Agreement.

S-1(A2)

April 26, 2010

10.11*

Performance-based restricted stock units award
agreement between the Registrant and Steven W. Streit.

10-Q

May 11, 2015

10.12

10.9

98

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit
Number

10.12*

Exhibit Title

Performance-based restricted stock units award
agreement between the Registrant and Konstantinos
Sgoutas.

10.13*

Green Dot Corporation Corporate Transaction Policy

10.14*

2015 Executive Officer Incentive Bonus Plan

10.15*

Letter agreement regarding terms of transition, separation
and consultancy, dated November 9, 2015, between the
Registrant and Grace T. Wang.

Form

10-Q

8-K

10-K

23.1

24.1

31.1

31.2

32.1

32.2

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered
public accounting firm.

Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this
Annual Report on Form 10-K).

Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Mark Shifke, Chief Financial Officer,
pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted
pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.

Certification of Steven W. Streit, Chief Executive Officer
and Chairman of the Board of Directors, pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification of Mark Shifke, Chief Financial Officer,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant
to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document**

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document**

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
Document**

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
Document**

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document**

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
Document**

________________

Date

Number

Filed
Herewith

May 11, 2015

10.10

April 9, 2015

10.01

March 2, 2015

10.2

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

^ 

*  

** 

†  

Schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Green Dot hereby undertakes to furnish 
supplementally copies of any of the omitted schedules and exhibits upon request by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration 
statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act"), are deemed not 
filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("Exchange Act"), and otherwise are not subject 
to liability under those sections. The Interactive Data File will be filed by amendment to this Form 10-K within 30 days of the filing date of 
this Form 10-K, as permitted by Rule 405(a)(2)(ii) of Regulation S-T.

Registrant has omitted portions of the referenced exhibit and filed such exhibit separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
pursuant to a grant of confidential treatment under Rule 406 or Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Securities Act or Rule 24b-2 promulgated 
under the Exchange Act.

99

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Steven W. Streit 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Green Dot Corporation

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Steven W. Streit
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Mark L. Shifke
Chief Financial Officer

Konstantinos Sgoutas
Chief Revenue Officer

Kuan Archer
Chief Operating Officer 

Lewis B. Goodwin
CEO, Green Dot Bank

John C. Ricci
General Counsel

INVESTOR RELATIONS
ir@greendot.com

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED 
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Ernst & Young LLP, Los Angeles

STOCK LISTING & SYMBOL
New York Stock Exchange Symbol: GDOT

Kenneth C. Aldrich
President
The Aldrich Company

J. Chris Brewster
Former Chief Financial Officer
Cardtronics, Inc.

Glinda Bridgforth Hodges
Personal Finance Expert and Consultant
Bridgforth Financial & Associates LLC

Rajeev V. Date
Managing Partner
Fenway Summer LLC

Mary J. Dent
General Counsel
Insikt, Inc.

Timothy R. Greenleaf
Managing Director
Fairmont Capital, Inc.

William I. Jacobs
Chairman
Global Payments, Inc.

Michael J. Moritz
Managing Member
Sequoia Capital

George T. Shaheen
Retired, current Chairman 
Korn/Ferry International

 
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CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
3465 E. Foothill Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91107
Telephone: (626) 765-2000
www.greendot.com

©2016 Green Dot Corporation.