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GSTechnologies Ltd

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FY2020 Annual Report · GSTechnologies Ltd
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GSTECHNOLOGIES LIMITED 
formerly known as Golden Saint Technologies Limited 

ANNUAL REPORT 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

ANNUAL REPORT 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

CONTENTS 

Directors’ Statement 

Consolidated Statement of Profit or loss and 
Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 

PAGE 

1 - 6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 

11 - 30 

Directors’ Remuneration Report 

Parent Company Statement of Financial Position 

Parent Company Statement of Changes in Equity 

Auditor’s Report 

31 

32 

33 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Board of Directors 

Tone Goh, Executive Chairman 

Pierre Fourie, GST’s Group MD, has deployed his strategic mind in  
helping me guide the development of the GST businesses towards  
ever-stronger, value creating, growth (resigned 31 June 2019) 

Raphael Teo’s technical expertise has influenced all parts of the  
engineering and installation teams’ work 

William Knight brings an invaluable source of reliable counsel to  
our Board (resigned 2 December 2019) 

Malcolm Groat is a pillar of support for our company, bringing  
decades of high-level financial skill and experience to our senior team 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Directors’ Report 

The Directors present their Annual Report on the affairs of the Group, together with the financial 

statements and auditor’s report, for the year ending 31 March 2020. 

Principal Activities 

GST provides optimal wireless, electronic cabling, security, and other solutions to clients operating in 

the infrastructure development space.  GST builds on the profitable ICT business of its Singaporean 

subsidiary  EMS  Wiring  Systems,  which  has  been  supplying  governments  and  large  private 

organisations  with  intelligent  building  solutions  for  the  last  30  years.    GST's  strategy  is  to  develop 

solutions to meet the needs of the ICT industry, acting on the surging opportunities in the technology 

and innovation  sectors  -  data  Centres,  intelligent  buildings, smart cities  and the  Internet of  Things - 

particularly targeting emerging markets where the demand for ICT infrastructure is increasing rapidly. 

Business Review 

A review of the business during the period and to date, including comments on future developments, is 

contained on the Strategic Report. 

Dividends 

The Board believes that the interests of all stakeholders are best served by retaining capital within the 

Company and maintaining greater flexibility to be able to take advantage of, looking forward, the 

many attractive investment and business development opportunities open to GST at this time and over 

the next few years. GST is looking to generate long term value for customers and shareholders in a 

sustainable manner. As a result, GST’s dividend policy for this financial year is not to pay dividends 

to shareholders but rather meet their interests by creating value that leads to capital growth. 

Subsequent Events 

There were no subsequent events for the year ended 31 March 2020. 

Financial Instruments 

The Group’s financial instruments primarily comprise cash, cash equivalents, and other instruments 

such  as  trade  receivables  and  payables,  which  arise  directly  from  its  operations.  Note  24  to  the 

accounts gives details of the Group’s risks and policies regarding financial instruments. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Directors’ statement as to disclosure of information to the auditor 

The Directors at the date of approval of this report confirm that: 

- 

- 

to the best of their knowledge and belief, there is no relevant audit information of which the 

Group’s auditor is unaware and 

the  Directors  have  taken  all  the  steps  that  might  reasonably  be  expected  to  have  taken  as  a 

Director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish 

that the Group’s auditor is aware of that information. 

On behalf of the Board 

Tone Goh 

Executive Chairman 

11 September 2020 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

15 September 2020 

GSTechnologies Limited 

("GST", the “Group” or the "Company") 

Results for the year ended 31 March 2020 

Golden  Saint  Technologies  Limited  (LSE:  GST),  the  integrated  information  and  communication 
technology infrastructure solutions provider, is pleased to announce the Company's results for the year 
ended 31 March 2020. 

Period Highlights 

 

 

 

  Introduction of new product from Mitel telephone solutions   

  Continuous expansion of operations in Asia Pacific, US and Germany 

  IS-EMS investment withdrawn; no longer a subsidiary 

Post Highlights 

 

Signed a DeepAlert SAAS agreement with DeepAlert Limited for AI security, real-time 
video analytics 

  Development of Smart Innovation for IoT, security, and energy efficiency applications 

Chairman’s Statement 

I am pleased, on behalf of the Board of Directors of GST, to present our annual results for the year 
ended 31 March 2020 to our valuable shareholders. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all businesses in ways no one could have imagined when I was 
writing my Chairman’s statement this time last year. 

I am truly proud of our 100 strong team of dedicated staff members across all of the areas in which we 
operate. Our customers have relied on the critical ICT connectivity services we provide more than ever 
before. The determination, execution and devotion from the whole GST team has enabled our many 
clients  in  banking,  medical  and  government  sectors,  in  essential  services,  to  function  and  succeed 
during this intense period of need. I am pleased to report that none of our GST staff have so far been 
infected by the awful corona virus. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

The Company continues to prioritise the health, safety and wellbeing of its staff, clients and partners, 
adhering  to  strict  government  guidelines  on  social  distancing  and  all  other  COVID-19  preventive 
measures. 

Throughout  the  entire  FY20,  GST  have  had  continual  success  in  implementing  the  Company’s  4i 
Vision - infrastructure innovation integration intelligence, which will remain the Company's long-term 
direction, developing lucrative relationships with both vendors and potential customers. This has been 
particularly  the  case  in  the  Company’s  infrastructure  integration  core  competence,  catering  for  data 
center next generation solutions. 

I am aware as I write this in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, that there's talk of uncertainty and 
unprecedented  change. While  we don’t yet know how deep the COVID-19 economic downturn  will 
be, nor how long it will last, we are sure that the years immediately ahead of us will be more difficult 
for many businesses than the stable conditions we have enjoyed over the last decade. 

GST will not be spared from those difficulties and challenges. 

On a brighter note, GST intends to grow and profit from the resultant growth in technology industries 
and the info communications sector in particular, which must and shall continue to expand in the new 
normal  world  where  many  will  work  and  study  from  home.  Faster,  secured  and  more  efficient  data 
centers  are  required  and  the  forecast  is  for  robust  growth  in  the  coming  decades.  GST  intends  to 
capitalise on these opportunities worldwide. 

EMS  is  celebrating  its  30th  anniversary  since  inception  and  the  business  has  been  through  several 
severe  global  economic  downturns  during  that  time  and  survived,  only  to  become  stronger.  We  are 
optimistic for the future and have confidence in remaining profitable and delivering shareholder value 
in the coming years. 

I  would  like  to  take  this  opportunity  to  express  my  upmost  gratitude  to  all  GST  team  members, 
suppliers, partners, customers and our valued shareholders for their trust and support. 

Tone Kay Kim GOH  
Chairman 

FINANCIAL REVIEW  

Income Analysis  

1.  For  the  12-month  period  ended  31  March  2020  the  Company  reports  revenue  of  US$4.5 
million (2019: US$6.6 million). The Group’s loss before tax for the financial year is US$0.27 
million,  a  reduction  of  US$0.11  million  compared  to  the  loss  incurred  in  previous  financial 
year (2019: US$0.38 million). 
 The operating income has decreased by 32% partially due to the effects of COVID-19 with 
corresponding  operating  expenses  also  decreased  by  a  similar  percentage to  US$4.8  million 
(2019: US$7.1 million). 

2. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

DIRECTORS’ STATEMENT  
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Balance Sheet Analysis  

1.  Net  assets  at  31  March  2020  amounted  to  US$1.9  million  (2019:  US$2.3  million).  This 
decrease is largely due to the overall reduction in current assets significantly contributed by 
reduced sales that led to reduced cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, and 
work in progress amounting to US$1.6 million, a reduction of 44% compared to the preceding 
financial year. 

2.  However,  the  acid  test  ratio  (current  assets,  excluding  inventories/current  liabilities)  has 

improved to 3.0 as compared to 2.1 in the preceding financial year. 

As  at  31  March  2020,  the  Group  had  an  available  cash  balance  of  US$0.6  million,  a  decrease  of 
US$0.3 million from the preceding financial year (2019: US$0.9 million). 

The Directors believe that the Group is in a stable financial position and able to expand and grow its 
current operations and meet all its current liabilities. 

Enquiries 

The Company 

Tone Goh, Executive Chairman 

Singapore  +65 6444 2988 

Financial PR & Investor Relations 

IFC Advisory Limited 

London 

+44 20 3934 6636 

Tim Metcalfe / Graham Herring / Heather Armstrong 

About GST 

GST provides optimal wireless, electronic cabling, security, and other solutions to clients operating in 
the infrastructure development space.  GST builds on the profitable ICT business of its Singaporean 
subsidiary  EMS  Wiring  Systems,  which  has  been  supplying  governments  and  large  private 
organisations  with  intelligent  building  solutions  for  the  last  30  years.    GST's  strategy  is  to  develop 
solutions to meet the needs of the ICT industry, acting on the surging opportunities in the technology 
and  innovation  sectors  -  data  centres,  intelligent  buildings, smart  cities  and  the  Internet  of  Things  - 
particularly targeting emerging markets where the demand for ICT infrastructure is increasing rapidly. 

For more information please see: https://gstechnologies.co.uk/ 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Notes

2020
US$'000

2019
US$'000

Net operating income
Sales
Other income

Net operating expense
Continuing Operations
Foreign exchange loss
Impairment of Goodwill
Operating (loss)/profit
Income tax expense
Net (loss)/profit for the year

6

Other comprehensive income
Movement in foreign exchange reserve

Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the period

Net Loss for the period atttributable to:
Equity holders for the parent
Non-controlling interest

Total comprehensive loss for the period atttributable to:
Equity holders for the parent
Non-controlling interest

21

(Loss)/Earnings per share attributable to members
of the Parent
Basic (loss) per share
Diluted (loss) per share

10
10

4,527
25
4,552

(4,803)
(4)

-
(255)
(20)
(275)

(188)

(463)

(275)
-

(463)
-

(0)
(0)

6,662
25
6,687

(6,700)
(6)
(350)
(369)
(17)
(385)

(678)

(1,063)

(385)
-

(1,063)
-

(0)
(0)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                     
                    
                         
               
                    
               
                    
                     
                          
                   
                      
                
                      
                   
                        
                 
                      
                 
                      
                
                   
                 
                      
                   
                        
                 
                    
                   
                        
                     
                          
                     
                          
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
As at 31 March 2020 

Notes

2020
US$'000

2019
US$'000

ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Work in progress
Inventories
Total current assets

Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible Assets
Total non-current assets

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY
Share Capital
Reserves
Retained Earnings
Total Equity

11
12
15
13

14
16

19

Equity attributable to owners of the parent

Non-controlling equity interest

20

LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
Trade and other payables

Non-current Liabilities
Lease Liabilities

Total Liabilities
TOTAL EQUITY & LIABILITIES

21 & 14

14

561
1,201
247
312
2,320

295
6
301

2,621

1,804
(866)
947
1,885

1,885

-
1,885

674

62

736
2,621

871
2,142
550
315
3,878

177
6
183

4,061

1,804
(678)
1,222
2,348

2,348

-
2,348

1,713

-

1,713
4,061

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                      
                      
                    
                    
                      
                      
                      
                      
                   
                   
                      
                      
                          
                          
                      
                      
                   
                   
                    
                    
                     
                     
                      
                    
                   
                   
                    
                    
                       
                       
                   
                   
                      
                    
                        
                       
                      
                   
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Notes

2020
US$'000

2019
US$'000

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Loss before taxation from operations
Adjustments:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Exchange loss
Gain on disposal
Operating loss before working capital changes

Decrease/ (increase) in inventories
Decrease / (increase) in trade and other receivables
(Decrease )/ Increase in trade and other payables
Net cash flow (used in)/from operating activities

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Addition property, plant and equipment
Addition in capital work in progress
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
Net cash flow from investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds of ordinary share issue
Forex reserves
Principal elements of lease payments
Net cash flow from financing activities

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

12

(255)

104
4
(4)
(151)

3
941
(1,039)
(95)

(232)
301
4
73

-
(188)
52
(136)

(310)

871
561

(385)

36
6
(2)
(345)

(301)
(960)
1,151
(455)

(76)
(343)
15
(404)

1,620
(678)
-
942

83

788
871

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                  
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                     
                     
                 
                 
                       
                  
                   
                  
               
                 
                   
                 
                  
                    
                   
                  
                       
                     
                     
                  
                    
                 
                  
                  
                     
                    
                  
                   
                  
                     
                   
                   
                   
                   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

2020 CONSOLIDATED

Balance at 1 April 2019
Comprehensive Income 

Shareholder 
Capital
US$'000 

FX 
Reserve 
US$'000 

Retained 
Earnings
US$'000 

Total
US$'000

1,804

(678)

1,222

2,348

Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss for the year

-
-
1,804

-
(188)
(866)

(275)
-
947

(275)
(188)
1,885

Transactions with owners in their 
capacity as owners:

Shares issued during the year

-

-

-

-

Balance at 31 March 2020

1,804

(866)

947 

1,885

2019 CONSOLIDATED

Balance at 1 April 2018
Comprehensive Income 

Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss for the year 
Total comprehensive loss for the year

Transactions with owners in their 
capacity as owners:

Issue of share capital on acquisition
Shares issued during the year
Share issue costs

Shareholder 
Capital

US$'000 

FX 
Reserve 

US$'000 

Retained 
Earnings

US$'000 

Total

US$'000

181

-
-
181 

1,171
1,121
(669)
1,623

-

1,607

1,788

-
(678)
(678)

(385)
-
1,222

-

-

-

-

(385)
(678)
725 

1,171
1,121
(669)
1,623

Balance at 31 March 2019

1,804

(678)

1,222

2,348

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.  

  10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
           
           
         
         
             
 
              
            
      
 
             
 
             
             
            
            
             
             
          
             
 
              
             
             
           
           
            
         
            
 
             
         
         
             
 
              
            
            
             
 
             
             
            
             
  
             
          
              
            
          
            
              
             
          
             
            
            
              
             
          
           
           
         
         
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

1.  General Information 

1.1  Corporate information  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  GSTechnologies  Ltd  (‘the  company”)  and  its  subsidiaries 
(collectively  referred  to  as  “the  Group”)  for  the  financial  year  ended  31  March  2020  were  authorised  for 
issue in accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 11 September 2020. The shares of the Company are 
publicly traded on London Stock Exchange. 

The registered office of GSTECHNOLOGIES Ltd, the ultimate parent of the Group, is Intertrust Corporate 
Services (BVI) Limited, Ritter House, Wickhams Cay II, Tortola , BVI VG1110.  

The principal activity of the Group is data infrastructure, storage and technology services. 

2.  Basis of preparation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Group  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International 
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as 
adopted  by  the  European Union  (EU)  as  they  apply  to  the  financial  statements  of  the  Group  for  the  year 
ended 31 March 2020.  

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention basis, except for 
certain financial instruments that have been measured at fair value. The consolidated financial statements are 
presented in US dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand except when otherwise indicated.  

2.1  Consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group as at 31 March 2020, 
and for the period then ended.  

Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the date on which the Group obtains 
control, and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases.  

The  financial  statements  of  the  subsidiaries  are  prepared  for  the  same  reporting  period  as  the 
GSTechnologies Ltd. (parent company), using consistent accounting.  

All  intra-group  balances,  transactions,  unrealised  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  intra-group  transactions 
and dividends are eliminated in full.  

Total comprehensive income within a subsidiary is attributed to the non-controlling interest even if it results 
in a deficit balance. A change ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for 
as an equity transaction.  

Business Combinations  
Business  combinations  occur  where  an  acquirer  obtains  control  over  one  or  more  businesses.  A  business 
combination  is  accounted  for  by  applying  the  acquisition  method,  unless  it  is  a  combination  involving 
entities or businesses under common control. The business combination will be accounted for from the date 
that  control is attained,  whereby  the  fair  value  of the  identifiable assets acquired  and liabilities (including 
contingent liabilities) assumed is recognised (subject to certain limited exceptions).  

When measuring the  consideration  transferred in  the business combination,  any asset  or liability  resulting 
from a contingent consideration arrangement is also included. Subsequent to initial recognition, contingent  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

2.  Basis of preparation (continued) 

consideration classified as equity is not re-measured and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within 
equity. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability is re-measured in each reporting period to 
fair value, recognising any change to fair value in profit or loss, unless the change in value can be identified 
as existing at acquisition date.  

All  transaction  costs  incurred  in  relation  to  business  combinations  are  expensed  to  the  statement  of 
comprehensive  income.  The  acquisition  of  a  business  may  result  in  the  recognition  of  goodwill  or  a  gain 
from a bargain purchase.  

3.  Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions  

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements, 
estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  disclosure  of 
contingent  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements,  and  the  reported  amounts  of 
revenues and  expenses during the  reporting period.  Estimates  and  assumptions are  continuously evaluated 
and are based on management’s experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are 
believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the  circumstances.  However,  actual  outcomes  would  differ  from  these 
estimates if different assumptions were used and different conditions existed.  

In  particular,  the  Group  has  identified  the  following  areas  where  significant  judgements,  estimates  and 
assumptions are required, and where actual results were to differ, may materially affect the financial position 
or financial results reported in future periods. Further information on these and how they impact the various 
accounting policies is located in the relevant notes to the consolidated financial statements.  

Going concern  

This report has been prepared on the going concern basis, which contemplates the continuation of normal 
business  activity  and  the  realisation  of  assets  and  the  settlement  of  liabilities  in  the  normal  course  of 
business.  

At 31 March 2020, the Group held cash reserves of $561,000 (2019: $871,000).  

The Directors are confident that the Group will generate revenue from data and technology services which 
will contribute to cash flow in the next 6-month period.  

On  this  basis,  the  Directors  believe  that  there  are  sufficient  funds  to  meet  the  Group’s  working  capital 
requirements.  

The Group recorded a loss of $272,000 for the year ended 31 March 2020 and had net assets of $1,888,000 
as at 31 March 2020 (2019: loss of $385,000 and net assets of $2,348,000).  

Accruals  

Management have used judgement and prudence when estimating certain accruals for contractor claims. The 
accruals recognised are based on work performed but are before settlement.  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

3.  Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued) 

Contingencies  

By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail 
to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the 
exercise  of significant  judgement  and  the  use  of  estimates  regarding  the  outcome  of  future  events.  Please 
refer to Note 22 for further details.  

The preparation of the Company’s financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates 
and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues,  expenses,  assets  and  liabilities,  and  the 
disclosure of contingent liabilities at the end of each reporting period. Uncertainty about these assumptions 
and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of the asset 
or liability affected in the future periods. 

Judgements made in applying accounting policies 

Management  is  of  the  opinion  that  there  are  no  significant  judgements  made  in  applying  accounting 
estimates and policies that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities within the next financial year. 

Key sources of estimation uncertainty 

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the 
reporting  period  are  discussed  below.  The  Company  based  its  assumptions  and  estimates  on  parameters 
available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future 
developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising beyond the control of 
the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.  

Provision for expected credit losses (ECL) on trade receivables and contract assets 

ECLs  are  unbiased  probability-weighted  estimates  of  credit  losses  which  are  determined  by  evaluating  a 
range of possible outcomes and taking into account past events, current conditions and assessment of future 
economic conditions. 

The  Company  uses  a  provision  matrix  to  calculate  ECLs  for  trade  receivables  and  contract  assets.  The 
provision rates are based on days past due for groupings of various customer segments that have similar loss 
patterns.  The  provision  matrix  is  initially  based  on  the  Company’s  historical  observed  default  rates.  The 
Company  will  calibrate  the  matrix  to  adjust  historical  credit  loss  experience  with  forward-looking 
information. At every reporting date, historical default rates are updated and changes in the forward- looking 
estimates are analysed. 

The  assessment  of  the  correlation  between  historical  observed  default  rates,  forecast  economic  conditions 
and  ECLs  is  a  significant  estimate.  The  amount  of  ECLs  is  sensitive  to  changes  in  circumstances  and  of 
forecast  economic  conditions.  The  Company’s  historical  credit  loss  experience  and  forecast  of  economic 
conditions may also not be representative of customer’s actual default in the future.  

The carrying amount of the Company’s trade receivables at the end of the reporting period is disclosed in 
Note 12 to the financial statements. 

Revenue recognition 

The Company uses the percentage-of-completion method to account for its contract revenue. The stage of 
completion is measured in accordance with the accounting policy stated in Note 5. Significant assumptions 
are required in determining the stage of completion, the extent of the contract cost incurred, the estimated 
total  contract  cost  and  the  recoverability  of  the  contracts.  In  making  these  assumptions,  management  has 
relied on past experience and the work of specialists. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

3.  Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions (continued) 

Significant  judgement  is  also  required  to  assess  allowance  made  for  foreseeable  losses,  if  any,  where  the 
contract cost incurred for any job exceeds its contract sum. The carrying amounts of contract balances at the 
reporting date are disclosed in Note 12 to the financial statements. 

Allowance for inventory obsolescence 

The  Company  reviews  the  ageing  analysis  of  inventories  at  each  reporting  date,  and  makes  provision  for 
obsolete and slow moving inventory items identified that are no longer suitable for sale. The net realisable 
value for such inventories are estimated based on the most reliable evidence available at the reporting date. 
These estimates take into consideration market demand, competition, selling price and cost directly relating 
to  events  occurring  after  the  end  of  the  financial  year  to  the  extent  that  such  events  confirm  conditions 
existing at the end of the financial year. Possible changes in these estimates could result in revisions to the 
valuation  of  inventories.  The  carrying  amounts  of  the  Company’s  inventories  at  the  reporting  date  are 
disclosed in Note 13 to the financial statements.  

4.  Adoption of new and amended standards and interpretations 

IFRS  16  was  adopted  as  from  April  1,  2019.  All operating  lease  contracts,  with  limited  exceptions,  were 
recognised on the balance sheet by recognising right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities at the 
transition date. Group applied the modified retrospective transition method, and consequently comparative 
information is not restated. 

At the adoption date, additional lease liabilities were recognised for leases previously classified as operating 
leases  applying  IAS  17.  These lease  liabilities  were measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease 
payments  and  discounted using  entity-specific  incremental  borrowing  rates  at April  1, 2019.  In  general, a 
corresponding right-of-use asset was recognised for an amount equal to each lease liability, adjusted by the 
amount of any prepaid or accrued lease payments relating to the specific lease contract, as recognised on the 
balance  sheet  at  March  31,  2019.  As  a  practical  expedient  the  recognition  exemption  for  leases  with  a 
remaining term of less than 12 months from the adoption date was applied upon adoption. 

Compared  with  the  previous  accounting  for  operating  leases  under  IAS  17,  the  application  of  the  new 
standard  has  a  significant  impact  on the  classification  of expenditures  and  cash  flows.  It  also  impacts  the 
timing of expenses recognised in the statement of income. With effect from 2019, expenses related to leases 
previously classified as operating leases are presented under ‘Depreciation, depletion and amortisation’ and 
‘Interest expense’.  

5.  Summary of significant accounting policies 

Plant and equipment  

Plant and equipment are shown at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The initial cost 
of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the 
asset into operation, any incidental cost of purchase, and associated borrowing costs. The purchase price or 
construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire 
the asset. Directly attributable costs include employee benefits, professional fees and costs of testing whether 
the asset is functioning properly. Capitalised borrowing costs include those that are directly attributable to 
the construction of mining and infrastructure assets.  

Property,  plant  and equipment  relate  to  plant,  machinery,  fixtures  and  fittings  and  are  shown  at  historical 
cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.  

The depreciation rates applied to each type of asset are as follows:  
Plant and machinery 
Motor Vehicles  
Fixtures and fittings 
Lease Improvements 

 2 to 10 years  
 2 to 10 years  
 3 years  
 5 years  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Plant and equipment (continued) 

Subsequent expenditure is capitalised when it is probable that future economic benefits from the use of the 
asset will be increased. All other subsequent expenditure is recognised as an expense in the period in which 
it is incurred. Assets that are replaced and have no future economic benefit are derecognised and expensed 
through profit or loss. Repairs and maintenance which neither materially add to the value of assets nor  

appreciably  prolong  their  useful  lives  are  charged  against  income.  Gains/  losses  on  the  disposal  of  fixed 
assets are credited/charged to income. The gain or loss is the difference between the net disposal proceeds 
and the carrying amount of the asset.  

The asset’s residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation are reviewed at each reporting period 
and adjusted prospectively if appropriate.  

Inventories  

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value 

Financial instruments 

These accounting policies are applied on and after the initial application date of FRS 109/IFRS 9, 1 April 
2018: 
(a)  Financial assets 

(i) Classification, initial recognition and measurement  

The Company classifies its financial assets into the following measurement categories: 
amortised  cost;  fair  value  through  other  comprehensive  income  (FVOCI);  and  fair  value  through 
profit or loss (FVPL).  

Financial  assets  are  recognised  when,  and  only  when  the  entity  becomes  party  to  the  contractual 
provisions of the instruments. 

At initial recognition, the Company measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a 
financial asset not at FVPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the 
financial assets. Transaction costs of financial assets carried at FVPL are expensed in profit or loss. 

Trade receivables are measured at the amount of consideration to which the Company expects to be 
entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts 
collected  on  behalf  of  third  party,  if  the  trade  receivables  do  not  contain  a  significant  financing 
component at initial recognition. 

(ii) Subsequent measurement  

Debt instruments 

Subsequent  measurement  of  debt  instruments  depends  on  the  Company’s  business  model  for 
managing the asset and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the asset. The Company only has 
debt instruments at amortised cost. 

Financial  assets  that  are  held  for  the  collection  of  contractual  cash  flows  where  those  cash  flows 
represent solely payments of principal and interest are measured at amortised cost. Financial assets 
are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less impairment. Gains and  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Financial Instruments (continued) 

losses are recognised in profit or loss when the assets are derecognised or impaired, and through the 
amortisation process. 

Debt  instruments  of  the  Company  comprise  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  trade  and  other 
receivables. 

Equity instruments 

On initial recognition of an investment in equity instrument that is not held for trading, the Company 
may  irrevocably  elect  to present subsequent  changes  in  fair  value  in  other  comprehensive  income 
which will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss. Dividends from such investments are to 
be  recognised  in  profit  or  loss  when  the  Company’s  right  to  receive  payments  is  established.  For 
investments in equity instruments which the Company has not elected to present subsequent changes 
in fair value in other comprehensive income, changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.  

(iii)Derecognition 

A financial asset is derecognised where the contractual right to receive cash flows from the asset has 
expired.  On  derecognition  of  a  financial  asset  in  its  entirety,  the  difference  between  the  carrying 
amount  and  the  sum  of  the  consideration received  and  any  cumulative  gain  or  loss  that  had  been 
recognised in other comprehensive income for debt instruments is recognised in profit or loss. 

(b)  Financial liabilities 

(i)  Initial recognition and measurement 

Financial  liabilities  are  recognised  when,  and  only  when,  the  Company  becomes  a  party  to  the 
contractual provisions of the financial instrument. The Company determines the classification of its 
financial liabilities at initial recognition. 

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value plus in the case of financial liabilities not 
at FVPL, directly attributable transaction costs. 

(ii)  Subsequent measurement 

After initial recognition, financial liabilities that are not carried at FVPL are subsequently measured 
at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  method.  Gains  and  losses  are  recognised  in  profit  or 
loss when the liabilities are derecognised, and through the amortisation process. 

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other payables.  

(iii) Derecognition 

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or 
cancelled  or  expires.  On  derecognition,  the  difference  between  the  carrying  amounts  and  the 
consideration paid is recognised in profit or loss. 

Offsetting 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount presented in the statement of financial position 
when, and only when, the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle on a 
net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Cash and cash equivalents  

Cash  and  cash  equivalents  comprise  cash  balances  and  short-term  deposits  that  are  readily  convertible  to 
known amount of cash and that are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value, and are used 
by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments. For the purpose of the statement of cash 
flows, pledged deposits are excluded whilst bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and that form an 
integral part of the Company’s cash management are included in cash and cash equivalents. 

Impairment  

Financial Assets 

These accounting policies are applied on and after the initial application date of FRS 109/IFRS 9, 1 April 
2018: 

The Company recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at 
FVPL  and  contract  assets.  ECLs  are  based  on  the  difference  between  the  contractual  cash  flows  due  in 
accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Company expects to receive, discounted at an 
approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from 
the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms. 

ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase 
in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that 
are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has 
been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is recognised for credit 
losses  expected  over  the  remaining  life  of  the  exposure,  irrespective  of  timing  of  the  default  (a  lifetime 
ECL). 

For trade receivables and contract assets, the Company applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. 
Therefore, the Company does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based 
on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Company has established a provision matrix that is based on its 
historical  credit  loss  experience,  adjusted  for  forward-looking  factors  specific  to  the  debtors  and  the 
economic environment which could affect debtors’ ability to pay. 

The Company considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are past due for more than 90 
days.  However,  in  certain  cases,  the  Company  may  also  consider  a  financial  asset  to  be  in  default  when 
internal or external information indicates that the Company is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual 
amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Company. A financial asset 
is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows. 

Non-financial assets 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than inventories, are reviewed at each 
reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then  
the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. An impairment loss is recognised if the carrying amount of an 
asset or its related cash-generating unit (CGU) exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. 

The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to 
sell.  For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  the  recoverable  amount  is  determined  on  an  individual  asset 
basis unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets. 
If  this  is  the  case,  the  recoverable  amount  is  determined  for  the  CGU  to  which  the  asset  belongs.  If  the 
recoverable  amount  of  the  asset  (or  CGU)  is  estimated  to  be  less  than  its  carrying  amount,  the  carrying 
amount of the asset (or CGU) is reduced to its recoverable amount. 

The difference between the carrying amount and recoverable amount is recognised as an impairment loss in 
profit or loss. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Impairment (continued) 

An  impairment  loss  for  an  asset  other  than  goodwill  is  reversed  only  if,  there  has  been  a  change  in  the 
estimates used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount since the last impairment loss was recognised. 
The carrying amount of this asset is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount 
does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortisation 
or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. 

A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill is recognised in profit or loss. 

Trade and other payables  

Trade and other payables are non-derivative financial liabilities that  are not quoted in an active market. It 
represents  liabilities  for  goods  and  services  provided  to  the  Group  prior  to  the  year  end  and  which  are 
unpaid.  These  amounts  are  unsecured  and  have  7-30  day  payment  terms.  Trade  and  other  payables  are 
presented as current liabilities unless payment is not during within 12 months from the reporting date. They 
are recognised initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method.  

Interest-bearing loans and borrowings  

Interest-bearing loans and borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. 
Borrowings  are  subsequently  carried  at  amortised  cost  using  the  effective  interest  (EIR)  method.  The  fair 
value  implies  the  rate  of  return  on  the  debt  component  of  the  facility.  This  rate  of  return  reflects  the 
significant risks attaching to the facility from the lenders’ perspective.  

Determination of Fair Values 

A number of the Company’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for 
both  financial  and  non-financial  assets  and  liabilities.  Fair  values  have  been  determined  for  measurement 
and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further information about the 
assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability. 

Trade and other receivables 

The  fair  values  of  trade  and  other  receivables  are  estimated  as  the  present  value  of  future  cash  flows, 
discounted at the market rate of interest at the measurement date. Current receivables with no stated interest 
rate  are  measured  at  the  original  invoice  amount  if  the  effect  of  discounting  is  immaterial.  Fair  value  is 
determined at initial recognition and, for disclosure purposes, at each annual reporting date.  

Non-derivative financial liabilities 

Non-derivative  financial  liabilities  are  measured  at  fair  value  at  initial  recognition  and  for  disclosure 
purposes,  at  each  annual  reporting  date.  Fair  value  is  calculated  based  on  the  present  value  of  future 
principal and interest cash flows, discounted at the market rate of interest at the measurement date.  

Other financial assets and liabilities 

The carrying amount of financial assets and liabilities with a maturity of less than one year is assumed to 
approximate their fair values. 

Provisions 

Provisions are measured at the present value of management’s best estimate of the expenditure required to 
settle  the  present  obligation  at  the  end  of  the  reporting  period.  The  discount  rate  used  to  determine  the 
present value is a pre-tax amount that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money, and  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Provisions (continued) 

the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as 
interest expense.  

Finance income  

Interest income is made up of interest received on cash and cash equivalents.  

Income tax 

Tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax is recognised in profit or loss 
except  to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  a  business  combination,  or  items  recognised  directly  in  equity  or  in 
other comprehensive income. 

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax 
rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of 
previous years. 

Deferred income tax is provided using the balance sheet method on temporary differences at the reporting 
date  between  the  tax  bases  of  assets  and  liabilities  and  their  carrying  amounts  for  financial  reporting 
purposes.  

Deferred  income  tax  liabilities  are  recognised  for  all  taxable  temporary  differences.  Deferred  income  tax 
assets  are  recognised  for  all  deductible  temporary  differences,  carry  forward  of  unused  tax  credits  and 
unused  tax  losses,  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profit  will  be  available  against  which  the 
deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses, can be 
utilised, except:  

• In respect of deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, deferred income 
tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that the temporary differences will reverse in 
the  foreseeable  future and taxable  profit  will  be  available  against  which  the  temporary differences  can  be 
utilised.  

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  income  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  the  end  of  each  reporting  period  and 
reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all 
or  part  of  the  deferred  income  tax  asset  to  be  utilised.  Unrecognised  deferred  income  tax  assets  are 
reassessed at the end of each reporting period and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable 
that future taxable profit will be available to allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.  

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the year 
when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted 
or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.   

Deferred income tax assets and deferred income tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists 
to set off current tax assets against current income tax liabilities and the deferred income taxes relate to the 
same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Foreign currencies  

i)  Functional and presentation currency  

The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  US  dollars,  which  is  the  Group’s  presentation 
currency.  

ii)  Transaction and Balances  

Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  initially  recorded  in  the  functional  currency  at  the  respective 
functional  currency  rates  prevailing  at  the  date  of  the  transaction.  Monetary  assets  and  liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the spot rate of exchange ruling at the reporting 
date. All differences are taken to the profit or loss, should specific criteria be met.  

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated 
using the exchange rate as at the date of the initial transaction. Non-monetary items measured at fair 
value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was 
determined.  

iii)  Group Companies  

The  results  and  financial  position  of  foreign  operations  (none  of  which  has  the  currency  of  a 
hyperinflationary economy) that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are 
translated into the presentation currency as follows:  

• Assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented as translated at the closing rate 
at the date of the statement of financial position.  
•  Income  and  expenses  for  each  income  statement  and  statement  of  profit  or  loss  and  other 
comprehensive  income  are  translated  at  average  exchange  rates  (unless  this  is  not  a  reasonable 
approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transactions dates, in which case 
income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions), and  
• All resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income  

Revenue Recognition  

These accounting policies are applied on and after the initial application date of FRS 115/IFRS 15, 1 April 
2018: 

Revenue is measured based on the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in exchange 
for transferring  promised  goods  or  services to  a customer,  excluding amounts collected  on behalf  of third 
parties. 

Revenue  is  recognised  when  the  Company  satisfies  a  performance  obligation  by  transferring  a  promised 
good  or  service  to  the  customer,  which  is  when  the  customer  obtains  control  of  the  good  or  service.  A 
performance obligation may be satisfied at a point in time or over time. The amount of revenue recognised is 
the amount allocated to the satisfied performance obligation. 

Rendering of services 

Revenue from rendering of services is recognised as performance obligations are satisfied. Payments are due 
from  customers  based  on the  agreed  billing  milestone  stipulated  in the  contracts  or  based  on the  amounts 
certified by the customers. 

Where performance obligations are satisfied over time as work progresses, revenue is recognised 
progressively based on the percentage of completion method. The stage of completion is assessed by  

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

5. 

Summary of significant accounting policies (continued) 

Revenue Recognition (continued) 

reference  to  the  cost  incurred  relative  to  total  estimated  costs  (input  method).  The  related  costs  are 
recognised in profit or loss when they are incurred, unless they relate to future performance obligations. 

If the value of services rendered for the contract exceeds payments received from the customer, a contract 
asset  is  recognised  and  presented  separately  on  the  balance  sheet.  The  contract  assets  are  transferred  to 
receivables  when  the  entitlement  to  payment  becomes  unconditional.  If  the  amounts  invoiced  to  the 
customer exceeds the value of services rendered, a contract liability is recognised and separately presented in 
the statement of financial position. 

 Interest Income  

Interest income is recognised using the effective interest method. When a receivable is impaired, the Group 
reduces the carrying amount to its recoverable amount, being the estimated future cash flow discounted at 
the  original  effective  interest  rate  of  the  instrument,  and  continues  unwinding  the  discount  as  interest 
income.  

Contract assets and liabilities 

Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s rights to consideration for work completed but not billed 
at  the  reporting  date  on  project  work.  Contract  assets  are  transferred  to  trade  receivables  when  the  rights 
become unconditional. This usually occurs when the Company invoices the customer. 

Contract liabilities primarily relate to advance consideration received from customers and progress billings 
issued in excess of the Company’s rights to the consideration. 

6.  Net Operating Expenses 

2020

US$'000

2019

US$'000

Continuing Operations
Costs of goods sold
Employee Cost
Travel Expenses
Admin Expense
Lease Expenses
Distribution, Advertising and promotion
General Expenses
Depreciation of property plant and equipment
Interest expense on leases
Occupancy costs
Income tax expense

1,420
2,645
40
354
71
93
44
104
10
22
20
4,823

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

3,147
2,793
78
327
111
107
78
39
-
19
17
6,716

  21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
                     
                
                     
                    
                         
                  
                        
                    
                        
                    
                        
                    
                         
                  
                         
                    
                        
                    
                         
                    
                         
               
                    
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

7.  Key management personnel 

Directors’ emoluments 

8.  Employee cost 

Wages and salaries 
Wages and salaries – Cost of sales 
Total  

9.  Earnings per share 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

327 

370 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

1,178 
529 
1,707 

1,177 
561 
1,738 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

Loss for the period attributable to members 

(275) 

(385) 

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit 
attributable to owners of the Parent by the weighted average 
number of ordinary share in issue during the year. 

Basic weighted average number of ordinary 
shares in issue 

Basic earnings per share-cents 

Diluted earnings per share-cents 

10.  Segment Reporting 

669,126,659 

669,126,659 

(0.00) 

(0.00) 

(0.00) 

(0.00) 

The consolidated entity’s operating segments have been determined with reference to the monthly 
management accounts used by the chief operating decision maker to make decisions regarding the 
consolidated entity’s operations and allocation of working capital. 

Due to the size and nature of the consolidated entity, the Board as a whole has been determined as the 
chief operating decision maker. 

The consolidated entity operates in one business segment, being information data technology and 
infrastructure. 

The revenues and results are those of the consolidated entity as a whole and are set out in the 
statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income. The segment assets and liabilities of 
this segment are those of the consolidated entity and are set out in the Statement of Financial 
Position. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

11.  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash at bank 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

561 

871 

Cash at bank balance includes US$52,849.49 pledged to the bank as security for banker guarantee given 
to customer. 

12.  Trade and Other Receivables 

Trade receivables 
Other Receivables 

13.  Inventories  

Inventories  
Less: Allowance for inventory obsolescence 

2020 
US$’000 

878 
323 
1,201 

2019 
US$’000 

1,889 
253 
2,142 

2020 
 US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

602 
(290) 
312 

605 
(290) 
315 

The movement in the allowance for inventory obsolescence is as follows: 

Balance at beginning of year 
Write-back of allowance for inventory obsolescence 
Balance at end of year 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

290 
0 
290 

322 
(32) 
290 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

14.  Property, plant and equipment 

Accumulated depreciation

As at 31 March 2018
Charge for the year
Adjustments
As at 31 March 2019

-
-
-

               -   

Charge for the year
Adjustments for disposal
As at 31 March 2020

-

55

55

46
12
(34)
25

14
-

39

372
8

380

21
-
401

112
15
(33)
94

14
(33)
75

530
35
(67)
498

104
(33)
569

Net book value
As at 31 March 2019

               -   

                  13 

              67 

              97 

            177 

As at 31 March 2020

            114 

                    7 

            101 

              73 

            295 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
                  
             
             
             
             
                  
                
              
              
             
                 
             
             
                  
             
              
             
              
                  
              
              
             
             
                 
             
             
             
              
                  
             
              
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

14. Property, Plant and equipment (continued) 

(i) Lease liabilities recognised in the balance sheet 
The balance sheet shows the following amounts relating to leases liabilities:

Current
Non-current

(ii) Amounts recognised in the statement of profit or loss 
The statement of profit or loss shows the following amounts relating to leases:

Depreciation 
Interest expense

15.  Work in progress 

Contract assets 
Contract liabilities 

              55 
              62 
117

55
10
65

               -   
               -   

-

-
-
-

2020 
           US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

247 
- 

595 
(45) 

The  contract  assets  primarily  relate  to  the  Company’s  rights  to  consideration  for  work  completed  but  not 
billed at the reporting date. If the value of services rendered exceeds payments received from the customer, a 
contract asset is recognised and presented separately. The contract asset is transferred to receivables when 
the entitlement to payment becomes unconditional. 

The  contract  liabilities  primarily  relate  to  advance  consideration  received  from  customers  for  contract 
revenue. If the amounts invoiced to the customer exceeds the value of services rendered, a contract liability 
is recognised and presented separately. 

The  changes  in  contract  balances  are  due  to  the  differences  between  the  agreed  payment  schedule  and 
progress of project work. 

16. 

Intangible Assets 

Cost as at 1 April and 31 March  

Fair value : 
As at 1 April 

As at 31 March  

There was no impairment during the period. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

6 

6 
6 

6 

6 
6 

  25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
            
             
              
             
              
             
              
             
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

17. 

Subsidiaries 

Details of the Company’s subsidiaries at 31 March 2020 are as follows: 

Name of Subsidiary  

Place of 
Incorporation 

Proportion of 
Ownership 
Interest 

Proportion 
of Voting 
Power 

Golden Saint Technologies 
(Australia) Pty Ltd 

Australia 

EMS Wiring Systems Pte. Ltd 

Singapore 

100 

100 

100 

100 

18. 

Taxation 

Unrecognised tax losses 
Where the realisation of deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable profits, losses carried 
forward are recognised only to the extent that business forecasts predict that such profits will be 
available to the companies in which losses arose. 

The parent, GSTechnologies Ltd, is not liable to corporation tax in BVI, so it has no provision for 
deferred tax. However, GSTechnologies (Australia) Pty Ltd is liable to tax in Australia and EMS is 
liable for tax in Singapore. 

Current income tax  
Adjustments for prior year 

Deferred tax expenses  

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

11 
- 
11 
9 
20 

5 
- 
5 
11 
16 

The tax expense on the results of the financial year for the Company varies from the amount of 
income tax determined by applying the Singapore statutory rate of income tax on Company’s profit. 

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.  

  26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

19. 

Share capital and reserves 

The share capital of the Company is denominated in UK Pounds Sterling. Each allotment during 
the period was then translated into the Group’s functional currency, US Dollars at the spot rate on 
the date of issue. 

Authorised  
Ordinary shares 

Issued and Fully Paid – Common Shares 
At 31 December 2013 

Issued during the period 1 January 2014 to 30 June 
2014 
At 30 June 2014 

Issued during the period 1 July 2014 to 31 
December 2014 
At 31 December 2014 

Issued during the period 1 January 2015 to 30 June 
2015 
At 30 June 2015 

Issued during the period 1 July 2015 to 31 
December 2015 
At 31 December 2015 

Issued during the period 1 January 2016 to 30 June 
2016 
At 30 June 2016 

Issued during the period 1 July 2016 to 31 
December 2016 
At 31 December 2016 

Issued during the period 1 January 2017 to 30 June 
2017 

At 30 June 2017 
Issued during the period 1 July 2017 to 31 
December 2017 
At 31 December 2017 
Issued during the period 1 January 2018 to 31 
March 2018 

At 31 March 2018 
Elimination of shares on reverse take over 
Existing shares on acquisition 
Issued during the period 1 April to 31 March 
2019 
At 31 March 2020 

Number of 
Shares 

US$ 

420,172,001  

48,753,609 

- 

- 

420,172,001  

48,753,609 

60,124,397  

1,326,007 

480,296,398  

50,079,616 

639,946,772  

2,119,902 

1,120,243,170  

52,199,518 

1,006,785,674  

660,195 

2,127,028,884  

52,859,713 

2,374,694,364  

1,825,971 

4,501,723,248  

54,685,684 

1,333,333,333  

391,587 

5,835,056,581  

55,077,271 

2,987,200,001  

812,370 

8,822,256,582  
2,927,714,286  

11,749,970,868  
1,220,333,332  

55,868,865 
947,135 

56,816,000 
259,000 

12,970,304,200  
(12,970,304,200)  
259,406,084  
736,075,918  

57,075,000 
(57,075,000) 
- 
1,623,000 

995,482,002  

  1,623,000 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

20. 

Non-controlling equity interest 

All entities within the group are currently 100% owned and accordingly a non-controlling interest 
does not arise. 

21. 

Trade and other payables 

Trade payables 
Accruals  
Other payables 
Lease liabilities 

2020 
US$’000 

2019 
US$’000 

389 
211 
19 
55 
674 

1365 
291 
57 
                       - 
1,713 

Trade payables are non-interest bearing and are normally settled on 60-days terms. 

22. 

Commitments and Contingencies 

The Group is subject to no material commitments or contingent liabilities. 

23. 

Related party transactions 

During the period 1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020, there were no related party transactions 

             other than loans between wholly owned subsidiaries. 

24. 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks. The Group’s Board provides certain 
specific  guidance  in  managing  such  risks,  particularly  as  relates  to  credit  and  liquidity  risk.  Any 
form  of  borrowings  requires  approval  from  the  Board  and  the  Group  does  not  currently  use  any 
derivative  financial  instruments  to  manage  its  financial  risks.  The  key  financial  risks  and  the 
Group’s major exposures are as follows: 

Credit risk 

The maximum exposure to credit risk is represented by the carrying amount of the financial assets. 
In relation to cash and cash equivalents, the Group limits its credit risk with regards to bank deposits 
by  only  dealing  with  reputable  banks.  In  relation  to  sales  receivables,  the  Group’s  credit  risk  is 
managed  by  credit  checks  for  credit  customers  and  approval  of  letters  of  credit  by  the  Group’s 
advising bank. 

Foreign Currency Risk 
Currency  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  value  of  a  financial  instrument  will  fluctuate  due  to  changes  in 
foreign exchange rates.  The company is exposed to currency risk on sales and purchases, that are 
denominated in foreign currencies. 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

24.       Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) 

variables held constant on the statement of comprehensive income (due to the fair value of currency 
sensitive  nontrading  monetary  assets  and  liabilities).  A  positive  amount  in  the  table  reflects  a 
potential net increase in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. 

25. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall 
due. Numbers in the table below represent the gross, contractual, undiscounted amount payable in 
relation to the financial liabilities. 

The Group monitors its risk to a shortage of funds using a combination of cash flow forecasts, 
budgeting and monitoring of operational performance. 

On 
Demand 
US$’000 

Less than 
three 
months 
US$’000 

Three to 
twelve 
months 
US$’000 

One to five 
years 
US$’000 

Total 
US$’000 

As at 31 March 2020: 
Trade and other payables 

480 

194 

- 

674 

26. 

Operating lease commitments 

Capital  includes  equity  attributable  to  the  equity  holders  of  the  parent.  Refer  to  the  statement  of 
changes in equity for quantitative information regarding equity. 

The Group’s primary objectives when managing capital are to safeguard its ability to continue as a 
going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders. For details of the capital managed by the 
Group as at 31 March 2020, please see Note 14. 

The Group is not subject to any externally imposed capital requirements. 

27. 

Capital management 

The Company manages its capital to ensure that it will be able to continue as a going concern while 
maximising the returns to shareholders through the optimisation of the debt and equity balance. 

Capital consists of total equity. 

The directors review the capital structure on an ongoing basis. As a part of the review, the directors 
consider  the  cost  of  capital  and  the  risks  associated  with  each  class  of  capital.  Based  on  the 
recommendation of the directors, the Company will balance its overall capital structure through the 
payment  of  dividends,  new  share  issues  as  well  as  the  issue  of  new  debts  or  the  redemption  of 
existing debt. 

There were no changes in the Company’s approach to capital management during the year. 

The Company is registered with the Building and Construction Authority and is required to maintain 
certain  minimum  capital  and  net  worth.  The  Company  has  complied  with  the  applicable  capital 
requirements for the financial years ended 31 March 2020 and 31 March 2019. 

29 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

28. 

Interest rate risk 

Interest  rate  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  fair  value  or  future  cash  flows  of  a  financial  instrument  will 
fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. A sensitivity analysis is not presented, as all 
borrowing  costs  have  been  capitalised  as  at  31  March  2020;  therefore,  profit  or  loss  and  equity 
would have not been affected by changes in the interest rate. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD. 

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

Directors’ Renumeration 

Policy and practice 
The Group operates on a strictly “capital efficient’ approach and therefore director’s renumeration has been 
based on conservative market matching rates in order to act in the best interest of the company during the 
growth  phase.  At  this  time,  outside  of  the  existing  shareholdings,  there  are  no  performance  components 
included in directors’ renumeration. A renumeration committee has been formed to oversee this aspect of the 
Group’s operations.  

Remuneration  Committee  is  chaired  by  Mr.  Malcolm  Groat  and  the  rest  of  the  board  as  participating 
members  and are responsible  for determining and  reviewing  compensation arrangements  for  all  Executive 
Directors.  

The remuneration Committee is undertaking a strategic review of the structure of the director renumeration 
to  ensure  that  the  correct  mix  of  fixed  renumeration  and  performance-related  incentives  are  provided  to 
maintain the Company’s competitiveness in the corporate marketplace. 

Contracts 
Directors’ renumeration in its various forms was historically agreed by the Executive Chairman but is now 
overseen exclusively by the renumeration committee.  

All contracts are continuous until terminated by either party. 

Amounts of emoluments & compensation 

Director's Name 

Tone Goh 

Raphael Teo 

Pierre Fourie 

William Knight 

Malcolm Groat 

Total 

On behalf of the Board 

Tone Goh 
Executive Chairman 
11 September 2020 

 Salary  

 CPF  

 Total  

 US$'000  

 US$'000  

 US$'000  

110 

158 

12 

29 

5 

314 

4 

9 

13 

114 

167 

12 

29 

5 

327 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD - BVI 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
As at 31 March 2020 

ASSETS

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Trade and other receivables
Inventories
Total current assets

Non-current assets
Intangible Assets
Intercompany loan
Total non-current assets

TOTAL ASSETS

EQUITY
Share Capital
Reserves
Retained Earnings
Total Equity

LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities
Trade and other payables
Total Liabilities
TOTAL EQUITY & LIABILITIES

2020
US$'000

3
1
299
304

6
29
35

338

58,698
-
(58,476)
222

117
117
338

In accordance with section 408 of the UK Companies Act 2006, the Company is availing itself of the exemption 
from presenting its individual statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. The Company’s loss 
for the financial year as determined in accordance with IFRS is US$362,300.84. The Company had no operating 
cash flows in the period, and therefore no cash flow statement has been prepared. 

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
                          
                          
                      
                      
                          
                        
                        
                      
                  
                       
                 
                      
                      
                      
                      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GSTECHNOLOGIES LTD - BVI 

PARENT COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
For the financial year ended 31 March 2020 

2020 CONSOLIDATED

Shareholder 
Capital
US$'000

 Reserves

US$'000

Retained 
Earnings
US$'000

Total

US$'000

Balance at 1 April 2019
Comprehensive Income 
Loss for the year
Other comprehensive loss for the year
Total comprehensive loss for the year

58,698

-

(58,032)

-
-
58,698

-
(82)
(82)

(362)
-
(58,394)

666

(362)
(82)
222

Transactions with owners in their 
capacity as owners:

Shares issued during the year

-

-

-

-

Balance at 31 March 2020

58,698

(82)

(58,394)

222

33