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Hawaiian Electric Industries

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FY2021 Annual Report · Hawaiian Electric Industries
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*

Years ended December 31 
(in millions, except per share amounts)

2021

2020

2019

Operating income1 

 $

 386 

 $

 311 

$

 348 

Net income (loss) for common stock by segment

Electric utility

Bank1

Other

Net income for common stock1

Diluted earnings per common share1

 178 

101 

 (33 )

 246 

 2.25 

 169 

58 

 (29 )

 198 

 1.81 

 157 

89 

 (28 )

 218 

 1.99 

Return on average common equity1 

 10.4 %

 8.6 %

 9.8 %

Dividends per common share 

1.36

1.32

1.28

Annual dividend yield2

 3.3 %

 3.7 %

 2.7 %

Common shares (in millions)

December 31

Weighted-average — basic

Weighted-average — diluted

109.3

109.3

109.6

109.2

109.1

109.4

109.0

108.9

109.4

 
HEI

S&P 500  
Index

Edison  
Electric  
Institute (EEI) 
Index

KBW  
Regional  
Banking  
Index

2021

21.3

28.7

17.1

36.6

3-Year

24.9

100.4

45.6

54.4

5-Year

48.7

133.4

68.6

29.7

10-Year

132.3

362.6

183.0

225.2

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Acting on Climate Change and Advancing  
Energy Independence

The  HEI  family  of  companies  is  uniquely  positioned  to 
advance Hawai‘i’s energy independence and statewide 
response to the global climate crisis. As providers of critical 
infrastructure and services, our companies play essential 
roles in transitioning Hawai‘i away from fossil fuels and 
toward a net-zero economy. Our utility, Hawaiian Electric, 
anchors these efforts, as it works to directly decarbonize 
Hawai‘i’s power and ground transportation sectors while 
enhancing the resilience of our grid and our communities 
to the impacts of climate change. In addition to advancing 
economic development and affordability, our bank, American 
Savings Bank, is helping address climate change by providing 
financing  for  customers  to  invest  in  clean  energy  and 
resilience projects and by improving sustainability across 
its banking operations. Our infrastructure investment platform, 
Pacific Current, invests in innovative projects to help Hawai‘i 
achieve its climate ambitions and a more sustainable future. 

We have already made tremendous progress on our plans 
to replace fossil fuels with renewable generation. Buoyed 
by a full year of geothermal production and an increase in 
private rooftop solar, Hawaiian Electric achieved a consolidated 
renewable portfolio standard (RPS) of 38.4% in 2021, up 
from 34.5% the year before. This puts us well ahead of 
schedule to achieve Hawai‘i’s statutory goal of 40% RPS by 
2030. We have reduced the use of oil for power generation 
by 113 million gallons, or 25%, since 2008, helping keep 
electricity rates in check and reducing customer bill volatility. 
Over the past decade, Hawaiian Electric has nearly quadrupled 
the amount of renewable energy on its system. And together 
with our customers, in 2021 we reached over 1 gigawatt 
(GW) of installed solar capacity, most of it customer-owned. 
This is a major milestone considering the peak load of our 
five-island system is approximately 1.6 GW. 

In  2021  Hawaiian  Electric  also  committed  to  reducing 
carbon emissions from power generation1 to 70% below 
2005 levels by 2030 and to achieving or exceeding net-
zero carbon emissions from power generation2 by 2045. 
We view it as our kuleana (responsibility) to set ambitious 
climate goals and plans, and by doing so, to inspire and 
enable  other  sectors  of  the  economy  to  take  action  to 
reduce carbon emissions.  

Hawaiian Electric will achieve its 2030 goal by adding at 
least one more gigawatt of renewable energy capacity by 
the end of the current decade, adding 50,000 rooftop solar 
systems to the 93,000 already on our system, using more 
grid-scale and customer-owned energy storage, retiring 
and reducing the use of fossil fuel generating units and 
ending the use of coal in Hawai‘i in September 2022 when 
our contract with the third-party owned coal plant expires. 
To reach our 2045 net-zero goal, we’ll also need to pursue 
emerging technologies along with cost-effective, low- or 
zero-emission fuels like biofuels and green hydrogen. 

1  Applies to greenhouse gases (GHGs) in stack emissions from utility-owned generation and from 
independent power producer generation on Hawaiian Electric’s system.

2

2  See footnote 1.

The Hawaiian Electric Declaration presents our aspiration that 
by 2025, Hawaiian Electric shall be one of the most progressive 
and  highest-performing  companies  in  the  world,  serving  the 
energy needs of each person in Hawai‘i with purpose, compassion, 
empathy and aloha for each other and the natural environment. 
This  declaration  is  intended  to  drive  us  to  higher  levels  of 
achievement, guiding our daily decisions and actions as we build 
a sustainable Hawai‘i in which our children and grandchildren, 
our communities, our customers and our fellow employees will 
thrive together. 

Hawaiian Electric’s Ambition

Most Progressive and 
Forward-Thinking 
Energy Company in 
the World

Highest Performance  

in Customer Service, 

Operational Excellence, 
and Financial Results

Human-Centered 
Internally and 
Community-

Centered Externally

malama  
hawai‘i

A Company of and for 
Hawai‘i, Relentlessly 

Dedicated to Serving  
the People and Caring for  

its Environment

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SUSTAINABLE
HAWAI‘I

2022 Environmental  |  Social  |  Governance Report

ESG. At HEI, environmental, social and 
gove r nance  (ESG)  pr inciple s  and 
sustainability have long been fundamental 
values, so much so that we’ve often said 
that ESG is in our DNA. We’re committed 
to transparency and providing information 
to allow customers, community leaders, 
investors  and  other  stakeholders  to 
understand  how  our  strategies  and 
operations advance our ESG objectives. 
To read our ESG report, visit hei.com/esg. 

“Life’s most persistent and 
urgent question is, ‘What are 
you doing for others?’” 

–Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

HEI Foundation Report 
2021

CATALYST

To learn more, 
please visit us at 
hei.com/foundation

Please be kind to the 
environment and recycle. 

3

“Hawaiian Electric strives to be one of the most progressive and highest performing 
companies in the world, serving the energy needs of each person in Hawai‘i with purpose, 
compassion, empathy, and aloha for our fellow humans and our natural environment.”

Hawaiian Electric
In  2021,  Hawaiian  Electric  worked  hard  to  harness  cost 
efficiencies, enabling it to deliver strong financial results while 
providing  significant  customer  savings  and  advancing  our 
ambitious climate action plan. We also made significant progress 
on our 2021-2025 strategic plan, which centers on three pillars 
– creating customer value, strengthening our foundation and 
building a stronger Hawai‘i: 

•    We  delivered  $8  million  in  customer  savings  from  cost 
efficiencies,  and  supported  customers  who  faced  financial 
challenges during the pandemic. We accomplished the latter 
through bill relief programs – including a $2 million bill credit 
program and extended and deferred payment plans – and by 
facilitating customer use of government assistance.

•  In  June  2021  we  successfully  transitioned  to  the  new 
performance-based  regulation  (PBR)  framework,  which  we 
worked with the Public Utilities Commission and numerous 
stakeholders to create. Our focus now is on continued execution 
under  PBR  to  increase  operational  efficiencies,  improve 
customer experience and advance clean energy initiatives. 

Shelee M. T. Kimura
Hawaiian Electric  
President and CEO

•    We  launched  programs  giving  customers  more  options  to 
benefit  from  the  clean  energy  transition,  including  Battery 
Bonus  to  incentivize  customer-owned  energy  storage  and 
Quick Connect to enable customers to interconnect solar and 
battery systems to the grid faster. This work also helped us 
earn  a  financial  reward  under  PBR  –  a  win-win-win  for  our 
company, our customers and our efforts to reduce fossil fuel 
usage and address climate change.

•    In recognition of the critical importance of our workforce and 
culture,  we  implemented  new  leadership  development 
programs, continued to promote equity and inclusion within 
our  diverse  employee  base,  and  successfully  concluded 
negotiations with our union, leading to ratification of a new 
three-year contract.

•    We showed continued climate leadership, committing to the 
ambitious carbon reduction goals discussed earlier in this letter. 

•    We made great strides in our electrification of transportation 
strategy, which is crucial to reducing fossil fuel usage, greenhouse 
gas emissions and the per-unit cost of energy for customers. Our 
e-bus make-ready and commercial electric vehicle (EV) charging 
rate pilot programs have now been approved. We also filed an 
application to dramatically expand our public EV charging network.

On January 1, 2022, Shelee Kimura became Hawaiian Electric’s 
first female president and CEO. Since joining Hawaiian Electric 
in 2014, Kimura has held numerous senior leadership positions 
in  the  company,  including  senior  vice  president  for  customer 
service and public affairs and senior vice president for business 
development and strategy. Kimura was instrumental in developing 
Hawaiian  Electric’s  2015-2020  transformation  strategy,  which 
helped  guide  the  leap  from  a  traditional  utility  model  to  a 
transformative clean energy leader in the industry. Prior to joining 
Hawaiian Electric, Kimura spent 10 years at HEI, leading corporate 
finance and investments, investor relations and strategic planning. 
Kimura  was  born  and  raised  in  Hawai‘i,  and  is  the  mother  of 
three children. 

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38.4%

1,019 MW

RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD (RPS)

TOTAL SOLAR CAPACITY

21% 

OF RESIDENTIAL CUSTOMERS 
WITH ROOFTOP SOLAR 

37% 

OAHU SINGLE-FAMILY HOMES 
WITH ROOFTOP SOLAR 

91% 

OF NEW ROOFTOP SOLAR INSTALLED 
IN 2021 WITH BATTERY STORAGE 

99.98%

RELIABILITY
Average service availability

Information as of December 2021 unless otherwise indicated.

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“As I reflect on the last two years, I am extremely proud of the way American Savings Bank 
“As I reflect on the last two years, I am extremely proud of the way American Savings Bank 
teammates stepped up to tackle the challenges presented by the pandemic while navigating 
teammates stepped up to tackle the challenges presented by the pandemic while navigating 
the numerous other issues that transpired. It’s never been clearer that everything we do at 
the numerous other issues that transpired. It’s never been clearer that everything we do at 
ASB stems from the deep care we feel for our customers, community and each other.”

Ann C. Teranishi
American Savings Bank 
President and CEO

American Savings Bank
American Savings Bank has performed very well through the 
pandemic,  demonstrating  the  value  of  its  conservative 
management  approach,  strong  credit  quality,  and  low-cost 
funding base. It continues to produce solid earnings that provide 
efficient capital to support our consolidated, investment-grade 
capital structure and growing dividends to HEI shareholders.

American Savings Bank’s 2021 results reflected improved credit 
quality in Hawai‘i’s recovering economy, growth in the bank’s 
earning assets (loans and investments), and fees we earned 
from supporting customers with Paycheck Protection Program 
(PPP) loans. 

The bank’s solid financial performance in 2021 was matched with 
robust execution on a number of strategies and key initiatives:

•    Customers’ reliance on online and other self-service options 
grew dramatically through the pandemic. While ASB had already 
embarked on an ambitious digital transformation, we accelerated 
our efforts to support the shift in customer digital adoption. 
We completed our ATM re-fleet, expanded online and mobile 
options for our customers and opened four new digital centers 
– the first of their kind in Hawai‘i – all to make banking easy 
anytime, anywhere. In our digital centers, customers are assisted 
in-person  and  virtually  as  they  learn  about  digital  banking 
solutions, while continuing to receive the warm and responsive 
service they expect from ASB. 

•    Supporting Hawai‘i’s economy and affordability for those who 

live here continued to be a central focus for ASB in 2021:

- We implemented the second and third rounds of PPP loans, 
deploying $551 million in PPP funding to support businesses 
and  their  employees  since  2020,  achieved  mortgage 
production volume of $1.2 billion – on par with our record in 
2020 – and grew our commercial real estate loan portfolio, 
all of which support our local economy.

-  We’re  proud  of  our  teammates’  efforts  to  build  on  the 
momentum  from  2020  and  once  again  lead  the  Hawai‘i 
Restaurant  Card  –  Business  Holiday  Card  program.  The 
statewide  campaign  resulted  in  the  sale  of  14,000  cards, 
totaling over $750,000, in direct support of our restaurant 
and food supply industries.

-  We also launched the ASB Financial Education program – a 
comprehensive  online  resource  center  featuring  helpful 
information on debt management, budgeting, credit scores 
and  other  topics.  In  addition,  our  knowledgeable  bank 
teammates regularly host seminars on financial topics, such 
as purchasing a home, saving and investing, managing credit, 
planning for retirement, insuring against losses and preventing 
fraud. They also speak on personal financial responsibility and 
entrepreneurship at local schools and youth organizations. 

In May of 2021, Ann Teranishi was promoted to become American Savings Bank’s 
president and CEO. As the bank’s former executive vice president of operations, 
Teranishi was responsible for delivering operational improvements to enhance overall 
customer experience. She played a key role in transitioning ASB from more traditional 
branch-centric  operations  to  online  and  other  self-service  options,  which  have 
become increasingly popular with customers during the pandemic. Teranishi was 
also responsible for developing an enterprise-wide compliance program, leading 
the  retail  credit  team  to  best-in-class  fulfillment  times  for  consumer  loans,  and 
heading strategic initiatives to enhance ASB’s quality of customer service. Teranishi 
was born and raised in Hawai‘i, and is the mother of two children.

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Pacific Current
Pacific Current made steady progress in its mission to accelerate 
Hawai‘i’s  sustainable  future  by  supporting  and  developing 
projects that advance the state’s ambitious environmental and 
economic goals. In 2021 Pacific Current continued to evaluate 
additional  opportunities  to  grow  its  portfolio  of  sustainable 
infrastructure  facilities,  increased  deployment  of  EverCharge 
electric vehicle charging systems to accelerate electrification 
of transportation in Hawai‘i, and made its first investment in the 
water sector with a small water-energy purchase agreement 
project. These efforts help to keep money in the state by investing 
local capital into local projects and local communities. In addition, 
Pacific Current helps build Hawai‘i’s talent base by partnering 
with  and  promoting  local  companies  participating  in  the 
sustainable infrastructure transition.

Honoring Our Past, Building Our Future
As we review the milestones of the last year and look toward 
the future, we honor Connie Lau, who served the HEI companies 
for 37 years before retiring at the end of 2021. Under Connie’s 
leadership, American Savings Bank went from a thrift to a full-
service  community  bank  that  is  consistently  ranked  among 
Hawai‘i’s best places to work, Hawaiian Electric has become 
a recognized leader in transitioning off fossil fuels and reducing 
carbon emissions, and Pacific Current was established to help 
realize a sustainable future for Hawai‘i. 

In  partnership  with  our  Board,  Connie  cultivated  leadership 
throughout our companies – creating opportunities for many 
to develop their talents and strengthen our businesses in the 
process. I am a beneficiary of this initiative, and am honored 
to count among my colleagues Shelee Kimura, who in 2022 
succeeded me as president and CEO of Hawaiian Electric, and 
Ann Teranishi, who in 2021 was appointed president and CEO 
of  American  Savings  Bank.  Together  with  our  3,600  fellow 
employees,  we’re  grateful  to  Connie  for  her  leadership  and 
long-standing service to our companies and Hawai‘i.

Forward Thinking, Forward Acting
We’re committed to doing our part to build a future for Hawai‘i 
that is economically, environmentally and socially sustainable. 
We’re  acutely  aware  that  continued  success  will  require 
teamwork, discipline, imagination and thoughtful action as we 
meet the challenges that lie ahead.

On behalf of our employees, our leadership and our Board, I 
wish to thank you, our shareholders, for your confidence and 
support of the important work we are doing. Together with you, 
and through the integrated efforts of our companies, we will 
achieve our aim to put Hawai‘i at the forefront of clean energy, 
to  create  a  sustainable  and  growing  local  economy,  and  to 
empower our families and communities to flourish.

Me ke aloha pumehana – with warm regards,

Scott W. H. Seu
HEI President and  
Chief Executive Officer 

From everyone at HEI, mahalo Connie for your leadership.

Connie Lau joined the HEI family of companies in 1984 and held the top post at HEI from 2006 to 
2021. She served as president and CEO of American Savings Bank from 2001 to 2008, and prior to 
that, held key leadership positions at HEI and Hawaiian Electric. 

Her career with HEI and its subsidiaries spanned numerous leadership roles and included spearheading 
key initiatives that transformed the companies. In 2008, she signed the agreement with the governor 
and other leaders that set the course for Hawaiian Electric’s clean energy transition as part of the 
Hawai‘i Clean Energy Initiative. She also led the transformation of American Savings Bank from a thrift 
institution to a full-service community bank that is now the third largest bank in the state.

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Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
2021 Annual Report to Shareholders

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K 

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Exact Name of Registrant
as Specified in Its Charter
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Commission
File Number
1-8503
1-4955

State of Hawaii 

I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.
99-0208097
99-0040500

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)

1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2900, Honolulu, Hawaii  96813 - Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI)

1001 Bishop Street, Suite 2500, Honolulu, Hawaii  96813 - Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (Hawaiian Electric)

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

 Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

 (808) 543-5662 - HEI

(808) 543-7771 - Hawaiian Electric

Not applicable 

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Registrant
Hawaiian Electric 
Industries, Inc.

Title of each class
Common Stock, Without Par Value

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Registrant
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Trading Symbol
HE

Name of each exchange
on which registered
New York Stock Exchange

Title of each class
None
Cumulative Preferred Stock

 Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☒

No ☐

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 

Yes ☐

No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☒

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been 
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☒

No ☐

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 

Yes ☒

No ☐

                                                               
                                                               
        
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to 
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to submit such files).

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☒

No ☐

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 

Yes ☒

No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting 
company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” 
and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Hawaiian Electric 
Industries, Inc.:
Large accelerated filer ☒ Smaller reporting company ☐ Large accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company
Accelerated filer
☐ Emerging growth company
Non-accelerated filer ☐

☐ Emerging growth company ☐ Accelerated filer

Hawaiian Electric 
Company, Inc.:

Non-accelerated filer ☒

☐

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying 
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☐

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its 
internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public 
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

☒

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☒

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Yes ☐

No ☒

Aggregate market value
of the voting and non-
voting common equity
held by non-affiliates of
the registrants as of
June 30, 2021

Number of shares of common stock
outstanding of the registrants as of

June 30, 2021

February 11, 2022

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. 
(Without Par Value)

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 
($6-2/3 Par Value)

$4,621,670,518

109,311,034

109,311,785

None

17,324,376

17,753,533

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Hawaiian Electric’s Exhibit 99.1, consisting of:

Hawaiian Electric’s Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Part III
Hawaiian Electric’s Executive Compensation—Part III
Hawaiian Electric’s Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters—
   Part III
Hawaiian Electric’s Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence—Part III
Hawaiian Electric’s Principal Accounting Fees and Services—Part III

Selected sections of Proxy Statement of HEI for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed-Part III

This combined Form 10-K represents separate filings by Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Hawaiian 
Electric Company, Inc. Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by each 
registrant on its own behalf. Hawaiian Electric makes no representations as to any information not relating 
to it or its subsidiaries.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Glossary of Terms

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Item 1.

Item 1A.

Item 1B.

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Business

Risk Factors

Unresolved Staff Comments

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Information About Our Executive Officers (HEI)

PART I

PART II

Item 5.

Item 6.

Item 7.

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities
[Reserved]

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Item 8.

Item 9.

Item 9A.

Item 9B.

Item 9C

Item 10.

Item 11.

Item 12.

Item 13.

Item 14.

Item 15.

Item 16.

Signatures

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Controls and Procedures

Other Information

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

PART III 

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Executive Compensation

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

PART IV

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

Form 10-K Summary

Page

ii

v

1

20

34

34

34

34

35

36

36

37

77

80

179

179

180

180

180

181

182

182

183

183

183

195

i

Defined below are certain terms used in this report:

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Terms

ABO
ACL

AES Hawaii
AFS
AFUDC
AOCI
APBO
ARA
ARO
ASB
ASB Hawaii

ASC
ASU
Btu
CARES Act
CBRE

CERCLA
Company

Consolidated Financial 
Statements

Definitions

Accumulated benefit obligation
Allowance for credit losses as determined under the credit loss standard (ASU No. 2016-13, adopted by 
the Company on January 1, 2020), which requires the measurement of lifetime expected credit losses 
for financial assets held at the reporting date (based on historical experience, current conditions and 
reasonable and supportable forecasts)

AES Hawaii, Inc.
Available-for-sale
Allowance for funds used during construction
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Accumulated postretirement benefit obligation
Annual revenue adjustment
Asset retirement obligations
American Savings Bank, F.S.B., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ASB Hawaii Inc.
ASB Hawaii, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and the parent 

company of American Savings Bank, F.S.B.

Accounting Standards Codification
Accounting Standards Update
British thermal unit
The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act enacted March 27, 2020
Community-based renewable energy

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
When used in Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. sections and in the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements, “Company” refers to Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and its direct and indirect 
subsidiaries, including, without limitation, Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries (listed 
under Hawaiian Electric); ASB Hawaii, Inc. and its subsidiary, American Savings Bank, F.S.B.; Pacific 
Current, LLC and its subsidiaries (listed under Pacific Current); and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc. .

When used in Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. sections, “Company” refers to Hawaiian Electric 

Company, Inc. and its direct subsidiaries.

HEI’s or Hawaiian Electric’s Consolidated Financial Statements, including notes, in Item 8 of this Form 

10-K

Consumer Advocate

Division of Consumer Advocacy, Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs of the State of Hawaii

D&O
DBF
DER
Dodd-Frank Act
DOH
DRAC
DRIP
DSM
ECRC
EIP
EPA
EPRM
EPS
ERISA
ERL
ERP/EAM
ESG
ESM
Exchange Act
FASB
FDIC

Decision and order from the PUC
State of Hawaii Department of Budget and Finance
Distributed energy resources
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010
State of Hawaii Department of Health
Demand response adjustment clause
HEI Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan
Demand side management
Energy cost recovery clause
2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended
Environmental Protection Agency - federal
Exceptional Project Recovery Mechanism
Earnings per share
Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended
Environmental Response Law of the State of Hawaii
Enterprise Resource Planning/Enterprise Asset Management
Environmental, Social & Governance
Earnings Sharing Mechanism
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Financial Accounting Standards Board
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

ii

 
 
Terms

Definitions

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)

federal
FERC
FHLB
FHLMC
FICO
Fitch
FNMA
FRB
GAAP
GHG
GNMA
Gramm Act
Hamakua Energy
Hawaii Electric Light

Hawaiian Electric

U.S. Government
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Federal Home Loan Bank
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Fair Isaac Corporation
Fitch Ratings, Inc.
Federal National Mortgage Association
Federal Reserve Board
Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
Greenhouse gas
Government National Mortgage Association
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999
Hamakua Energy, LLC, an indirect subsidiary of Pacific Current
Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc., an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and 

parent company of Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc., Maui Electric Company, Limited and 
Renewable Hawaii, Inc. Uluwehiokama Biofuels Corp. was dissolved effective as of July 14, 2020

Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 

Results of Operations in Item 7 of this Form 10-K

HEI

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc., direct parent company of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., ASB 

Hawaii, Inc., Pacific Current, LLC and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc.

HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement

Selected sections of Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Hawaiian Electric 
Industries, Inc. to be filed after the date of this Form 10-K and not later than 120 days after December 
31, 2021, which are incorporated in this Form 10-K by reference

HEI’s MD&A

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and 

HEIRSP

HELOC

HPOWER
HSFO
HTM
IPP
Ka‘ie‘ie Waho
Kalaeloa
kW
kWh
LSFO
LTIP
Maui Electric
Mauo
MBtu
MD&A
Moody’s
MPIR
MSR
MW
MWh
NA
NII
NPBC
NPPC
O&M
OCC
OPEB

Results of Operations in Item 7 of this Form 10-K

Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan

Home equity line of credit
City and County of Honolulu with respect to a power purchase agreement for a refuse-fired plant
High sulfur fuel oil
Held-to-maturity
Independent power producer
Ka‘ie‘ie Waho Company, LLC, a subsidiary of Pacific Current
Kalaeloa Partners, L.P.
Kilowatt/s (as applicable)
Kilowatt-hour/s (as applicable)
Low sulfur fuel oil
Long-term incentive plan
Maui Electric Company, Limited, an electric utility subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Mauo, LLC, a subsidiary of Pacific Current
Million British thermal unit
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Moody’s Investors Service’s
Major Project Interim Recovery
Mortgage servicing right
Megawatt/s (as applicable)
Megawatt-hour/s (as applicable)
Not applicable
Net interest income
Net periodic benefits costs
Net periodic pension costs
Other operation and maintenance
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Postretirement benefits other than pensions

iii

 
 
Terms

Definitions

GLOSSARY OF TERMS (continued)

OTS
Pacific Current

PBO
PBR
PCB
PGV
PIMs
PPA
PPAC
PUC
PURPA
PV
QF
QTL
RAM
RBA
Registrant
REIP
RFP
RHI
ROACE
RORB
RPS
S&P
SEC
See

SLHCs
SPRBs
SSM
state
Tax Act

TDR
TOOTS
ULSD

Utilities

VIE

Office of Thrift Supervision, Department of Treasury
Pacific Current, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of HEI and parent company of Hamakua Holdings, 
LLC, Mauo, LLC, Alenuihaha Developments, LLC, Ka‘ie‘ie Waho Company, LLC, Ka‘aipua‘a, LLC, 
Upena, LLC and Mahipapa, LLC

Projected benefit obligation
Performance-based regulation
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Puna Geothermal Venture
Performance incentive mechanisms
Power purchase agreement
Purchased power adjustment clause
Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii
Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
Photovoltaic
Qualifying Facility under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978
Qualified Thrift Lender
Revenue adjustment mechanism
Revenue balancing account
Each of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Renewable Energy Infrastructure Program
Request for proposals
Renewable Hawaii, Inc., a wholly-owned nonregulated subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.
Return on average common equity
Return on rate base
Renewable portfolio standards
S&P Global Ratings
Securities and Exchange Commission
Means the referenced material is incorporated by reference (or means refer to the referenced section in 

this document or the referenced exhibit or other document)

Savings & Loan Holding Companies
Special Purpose Revenue Bonds
Shared Savings Mechanism
State of Hawaii
2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (H.R. 1, An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the 

concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018)

Troubled debt restructuring
The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc., a wholly-owned inactive subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
Ultra-low sulfur diesel

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. and Maui Electric Company, 

Limited

Variable interest entity

iv

 
 
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report and other presentations made by Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI) and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 
(Hawaiian Electric) and their subsidiaries contain “forward-looking statements,” which include statements that are predictive in 
nature, depend upon or refer to future events or conditions and usually include words such as “will,” “expects,” “anticipates,” 
“intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “predicts,” “estimates” or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future 
financial performance, ongoing business strategies or prospects or possible future actions are also forward-looking statements. 
Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, 
uncertainties and the accuracy of assumptions concerning HEI and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company), the performance of 
the industries in which they do business and economic, political and market factors, among other things. These forward-looking 
statements are not guarantees of future performance and actual results and financial condition may differ materially from those 
indicated in the forward-looking statements.

Risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in 

forward-looking statements and from historical results include, but are not limited to, the following:

• international, national and local economic and political conditions—including the state of the Hawaii tourism, defense and 

construction industries; the strength or weakness of the Hawaii and continental U.S. real estate markets (including the fair value 
and/or the actual performance of collateral underlying loans held by ASB, which could result in higher loan loss provisions and 
write-offs); decisions concerning the extent of the presence of the federal government and military in Hawaii; the implications 
and potential impacts of future Federal government shutdowns, including the impact to our customers’ ability to pay their 
electric bills and/or bank loans and the impact on the state of Hawaii economy; the implications and potential impacts of U.S. 
and foreign capital and credit market conditions and federal, state and international responses to those conditions; the potential 
impacts of global and local developments (including global economic conditions and uncertainties, unrest, terrorist acts, wars, 
conflicts, political protests, deadly virus epidemic or other crisis); the effects of changes that have or may occur in U.S. policy, 
such as with respect to immigration and trade; and pandemics;

• the extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including the duration, spread, severity and any recurrence of the 

COVID-19 pandemic due to new variants or insufficient vaccinations, the duration and scope of related government orders and 
restrictions, the impact on our employees, customers and suppliers, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the overall 
demand or ability to pay for the Company’s goods and services, all of which could be affected by the pace of distribution, 
administration, and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines over the short- and long-term, as well as the proportion of the population 
vaccinated;

• ability to adequately address risks and capitalize on opportunities related to our environmental, social and governance (ESG) 
priority areas, which currently include decarbonization, economic health and affordability, reliability and resilience, secure 
digitalization, diversity, equity and inclusion, employee engagement, and climate-related risks and opportunities;

• citizen activism, including civil unrest, especially in times of severe economic depression and social divisiveness, which could 
negatively impact customers and employees, impair the ability of the Company and the Utilities to operate and maintain their 
facilities in an effective and safe manner, and citizen or stakeholder activism that could delay the construction, increase project 
costs or preclude the completion, of third-party or Utility projects that are required to meet electricity demand, resilience and 
reliability objectives and renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and other climate-related goals;

• the effects of future actions or inaction of the U.S. government or related agencies, including those related to the U.S. debt 
ceiling or budget funding, monetary policy, trade policy and tariffs, energy and environmental policy, and other policy and 
regulatory changes advanced or proposed by President Biden and his administration;

• weather, natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, lightning strikes, lava flows and the increasing effects of 

climate change, such as more severe storms, flooding, droughts, heat waves, and rising sea levels) and wildfires, including their 
impact on the resilience and reliability and cost of the Company’s and Utilities’ operations and the economy;

• the timing, speed and extent of changes in interest rates and the shape of the yield curve, which could result in lower portfolio 

yields and net interest margin, or higher borrowing costs;

• the ability of the Company and the Utilities to access the credit and capital markets (e.g., to obtain commercial paper and other 

short-term and long-term debt financing, including lines of credit, and, in the case of HEI, to issue common stock) under volatile 
and challenging market conditions, and the potential higher cost of such financings, if available;

• the risks inherent in changes in the value of the Company’s pension and other retirement plan assets and ASB’s securities 

available for sale, and the risks inherent in changes in the value of the Company’s pension liabilities, including changes driven 
by interest rates and mortality improvements;

• changes in laws, regulations (including tax regulations), market conditions, interest rates and other factors that result in changes 

in assumptions used to calculate retirement benefits costs and funding requirements;

• the impact of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act which became Public Law No.: 115-174 on 

May 24, 2018, and its associated rules and regulations;

• increasing competition in the banking industry from traditional financial institutions as well as from non-traditional providers of 
financial services, including financial service subsidiaries of commercial and manufacturing companies (e.g., increased price 

v

competition for deposits, or an outflow of deposits to alternative investments or platforms, which may have an adverse impact on 
ASB’s cost of funds);

• the potential delay by the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC) in considering (and potential disapproval of 
actual or proposed) renewable energy proposals and related costs; reliance by the Utilities on outside parties such as the state, 
independent power producers (IPPs) and developers; and uncertainties surrounding technologies, solar power, wind power, 
biofuels, environmental assessments required to meet RPS and other climate-related goals; the impacts of implementation of the 
renewable energy proposals on future costs of electricity and potential penalties imposed by the PUC for delays in the 
commercial operations of renewable energy projects;

• the ability of the Utilities to develop, implement and recover the costs of implementing the Utilities’ action plans included in 

their updated Power Supply Improvement Plans, Demand Response Portfolio Plan, Distributed Generation Interconnection Plan, 
Grid Modernization Plans, and business model changes, which have been and are continuing to be developed and updated in 
response to the orders issued by the PUC, the PUC’s April 2014 statement of its inclinations on the future of Hawaii’s electric 
utilities and the vision, business strategies and regulatory policy changes required to align the Utilities’ business model with 
customer interests and the state’s public policy goals, and subsequent orders of the PUC;

• the ability of the Utilities to recover undepreciated cost of fossil fuel generating units, if they are required to be retired before the 

end of their expected useful life;

• capacity and supply constraints or difficulties, especially if generating units (utility-owned or IPP-owned) fail or measures such 
as demand-side management, distributed generation, combined heat and power or other firm capacity supply-side resources fall 
short of achieving their forecasted benefits or are otherwise insufficient to reduce or meet peak demand;

• fuel oil price changes, delivery of adequate fuel by suppliers and the continued availability to the electric utilities of their energy 

cost recovery clauses (ECRCs);

• the continued availability to the electric utilities or modifications of other cost recovery mechanisms, including the purchased 
power adjustment clauses (PPACs), annual revenue adjustment (ARA) and pension and postretirement benefits other than 
pensions (OPEB) tracking mechanisms, and the continued decoupling of revenues from sales to mitigate the effects of declining 
kilowatt-hour sales;

• the ability of the Utilities to recover increasing costs and earn a reasonable return on capital investments not covered by the 
annual revenue adjustment (ARA), while providing the customer dividend required by performance-based regulation (PBR);

• the ability of the Utilities to achieve performance incentive goals currently in place;
• the impact from the PUC’s implementation of PBR for the Utilities pursuant to Act 005, Session Laws 2018, including the 

potential addition of new performance incentive mechanisms (PIMs), third-party proposals adopted by the PUC in its 
implementation of PBR, and the implications of not achieving performance incentive goals;

• the impact of fuel price levels and volatility on customer satisfaction and political and regulatory support for the Utilities; 
• the risks associated with increasing reliance on renewable energy, including the availability and cost of non-fossil fuel supplies 
for renewable energy generation and the operational impacts of adding intermittent sources of renewable energy to the electric 
grid;

• the growing risk that energy production from renewable generating resources may be curtailed and the interconnection of 
additional resources will be constrained as more generating resources are added to the Utilities’ electric systems and as 
customers reduce their energy usage;

• the ability of IPPs to deliver the firm capacity anticipated in their power purchase agreements (PPAs); 
• the potential that, as IPP contracts near the end of their terms, there may be less economic incentive for the IPPs to make 

investments in their units to ensure the availability of their units;

• the ability of the Utilities to negotiate, periodically, favorable agreements for significant resources such as fuel supply contracts 

and collective bargaining agreements and avoid or mitigate labor disputes and work stoppages;

• new technological developments that could affect the operations and prospects of the Utilities and ASB or their competitors such 
as the commercial development of energy storage and microgrids and banking through alternative channels, including use of 
digital currencies, which could include a central bank digital currency;

• cybersecurity risks and the potential for cyber incidents, including potential incidents at HEI, its third-party vendors, and its 

subsidiaries (including at ASB branches, electric utility plants and IPP-owned facilities) and incidents at data processing centers 
used, to the extent not prevented by intrusion detection and prevention systems, anti-virus software, firewalls and other general 
IT controls;

• failure to achieve remaining cost savings commitment related to the management audit committed savings of $33 million over 

the 2021 to 2025 multi-year rate period (MRP); 

• federal, state, county and international governmental and regulatory actions, such as existing, new and changes in laws, rules and 

regulations applicable to HEI, the Utilities and ASB (including changes in taxation and tax rates, increases in capital 
requirements, regulatory policy changes, environmental laws and regulations (including resulting compliance costs and risks of 
fines and penalties and/or liabilities), the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, governmental fees and assessments (such as 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessments), and potential carbon pricing or “cap and trade” legislation that may 
fundamentally alter costs to produce electricity and accelerate the move to renewable generation);

vi

• developments in laws, regulations and policies governing protections for historic, archaeological and cultural sites, and plant and 

animal species and habitats, as well as developments in the implementation and enforcement of such laws, regulations and 
policies;

• discovery of conditions that may be attributable to historical chemical releases, including any necessary investigation and 

remediation, and any associated enforcement, litigation or regulatory oversight;

• decisions by the PUC in rate cases and other proceedings (including the risks of delays in the timing of decisions, adverse 

changes in final decisions from interim decisions and the disallowance of project costs as a result of adverse regulatory audit 
reports or otherwise);

• decisions by the PUC and by other agencies and courts on land use, environmental and other permitting issues (such as required 

corrective actions, restrictions and penalties that may arise, such as with respect to environmental conditions or RPS);

• potential enforcement actions by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Federal Reserve Board (FRB), the 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and/or other governmental authorities (such as consent orders, required corrective 
actions, restrictions and penalties that may arise, for example, with respect to compliance deficiencies under existing or new 
banking and consumer protection laws and regulations or with respect to capital adequacy);

• the risks associated with the geographic concentration of HEI’s businesses and ASB’s loans, ASB’s concentration in a single 
product type (i.e., first mortgages) and ASB’s significant credit relationships (i.e., concentrations of large loans and/or credit 
lines with certain customers);

• changes in accounting principles applicable to HEI and its subsidiaries, including the adoption of new U.S. accounting standards, 

the potential discontinuance of regulatory accounting related to PBR or other regulatory changes, the effects of potentially 
required consolidation of variable interest entities (VIEs), or required finance lease or on-balance-sheet operating lease 
accounting for PPAs with IPPs;

• downgrades by securities rating agencies in their ratings of the securities of HEI and Hawaiian Electric and their impact on 

results of financing efforts;

• faster than expected loan prepayments that can cause a decrease in net interest income and portfolio yields, an acceleration of the 

amortization of premiums on loans and investments and the impairment of mortgage-servicing assets of ASB;

• changes in ASB’s loan portfolio credit profile and asset quality and/or mix, which may increase or decrease the required level of 

provision for credit losses, allowance for credit losses (ACL) and charge-offs;

• changes in ASB’s deposit cost or mix which may have an adverse impact on ASB’s cost of funds;
• unanticipated changes from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference rate, which may 

include adverse impacts to the Company’s cost of capital, loan portfolio and interest income on loans;

• the final outcome of tax positions taken by HEI and its subsidiaries;
• the risks of suffering losses and incurring liabilities that are uninsured (e.g., damages to the Utilities’ transmission and 

distribution system and losses from business interruption) or underinsured (e.g., losses not covered as a result of insurance 
deductibles or other exclusions or exceeding policy limits), and the risks associated with the operation of transmission and 
distribution assets and power generation facilities, including public and employee safety issues, and assets causing or 
contributing to wildfires; 

• the ability of the Company’s non-regulated subsidiary, Pacific Current, LLC (Pacific Current), to achieve its performance and 

growth objectives, which in turn could affect its ability to service its non-recourse debt;

• the Company’s reliance on third parties and the risk of their non-performance, which has increased due to the impact from the 

COVID-19 pandemic; and

• other risks or uncertainties described elsewhere in this report (e.g., Item 1A. Risk Factors) and in other reports previously and 

subsequently filed by HEI and/or Hawaiian Electric with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the report, presentation or filing in which they are made. Except to the 

extent required by the federal securities laws, HEI, Hawaiian Electric, ASB, Pacific Current and their subsidiaries undertake no 
obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral and whether as a result of new 
information, future events or otherwise.

vii

ITEM 1. 

BUSINESS

HEI Consolidated

PART I

HEI and subsidiaries and lines of business.  HEI is a holding company with its subsidiaries principally engaged in electric 
utility, banking, and non-regulated renewable/sustainable infrastructure businesses operating in the State of Hawaii. As a 
holding company with no significant operations of its own, HEI’s sources of funds are dividends or other distributions from its 
operating subsidiaries, borrowings, and sales of equity. The rights of HEI and its creditors and shareholders to participate in any 
distribution of the assets of any of HEI’s subsidiaries are subject to the prior claims of the creditors and preferred shareholders 
of such subsidiary, except to the extent that claims of HEI in its capacity as a creditor are recognized as primary. The abilities of 
certain of HEI’s subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to HEI are subject to contractual and regulatory 
restrictions (see Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements). HEI is headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii and has three 
reportable segments—Electric utility, Bank, and Other.

Electric Utility.  Hawaiian Electric and its operating utility subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (Hawaii 
Electric Light) and Maui Electric Company, Limited (Maui Electric), are regulated electric public utilities that provide essential 
electric service to approximately 95% of Hawaii’s population through the operation of five separate grids that serve 
communities on the islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Molokai. See also “Electric utility” section below. 

Bank.  ASB is one of the largest financial institutions in the State of Hawaii (based on total assets), with assets totaling 
approximately $9.2 billion as of December 31, 2021. ASB provides a wide array of banking and other financial services to 
Hawaii consumers and businesses. See also “Bank” section below.

Other.  The “Other” segment is composed of HEI’s corporate-level operating, general and administrative expenses and the 

results of Pacific Current, LLC (Pacific Current). Pacific Current was formed in September 2017 to focus on investing in non-
regulated clean energy and sustainable infrastructure in the State of Hawaii to help reach the state’s sustainability goals. See 
also “Electric utility—Hawaii Electric Light firm capacity PPAs” section below and Note 2 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for additional information on Pacific Current activities. The “Other” segment also includes ASB Hawaii, Inc. (ASB 
Hawaii) (a holding company), which owns ASB, and The Old Oahu Tug Service, Inc. (TOOTS), which is inactive.

Additional information.  For additional information about HEI, see HEI’s MD&A, HEI’s “Quantitative and Qualitative 

Disclosures about Market Risk” and HEI’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s website address is www.hei.com, where annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, 

current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports (last 10 years) are made available free of charge in the 
Investor Relations section as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the 
SEC (and available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov). The information on the Company’s website is not incorporated by 
reference in this annual report on Form 10-K unless, and except to the extent, specifically incorporated herein by reference. HEI 
and Hawaiian Electric intend to continue to use HEI’s website as a means of disclosing additional information. Accordingly, 
investors should routinely monitor such portions of HEI’s website, in addition to following HEI’s, Hawaiian Electric’s and 
ASB’s press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Investors may also wish to refer to the PUC 
website at dms.puc.hawaii.gov/dms in order to review documents filed with and issued by the PUC. No information at the PUC 
website is incorporated herein by reference, and the Company has no control over its accuracy or completeness.

Regulation.  HEI and Hawaiian Electric are each holding companies within the meaning of the Public Utility Holding 
Company Act of 2005 and implementing regulations, which requires holding companies and their subsidiaries to grant the 
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) access to books and records relating to FERC’s jurisdictional rates. FERC 
granted HEI and Hawaiian Electric a waiver from its record retention, accounting and reporting requirements, effective 
May 2006.

HEI is subject to an agreement entered into with the PUC (the PUC Agreement) which, among other things, requires PUC 

approval of any change in control of HEI. The PUC Agreement also requires HEI to provide the PUC with periodic financial 
information and other reports concerning intercompany transactions and other matters. It also prohibits the electric utilities from 
loaning funds to HEI or its nonutility subsidiaries and from redeeming common stock of the electric utility subsidiaries without 
PUC approval. Further, the PUC could limit the ability of the electric utility subsidiaries to pay dividends on their common 
stock. See also Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and “Electric utility—Regulation” below. 

In October 2021, Pacific Current requested informal guidance from the PUC regarding application of the affiliate 
transaction requirements (ATRs) to certain investments. In response, in January 2022, the PUC issued guidance (Order No. 
38186, Docket No. 2018-0065) providing that, if Pacific Current acquires or invests in an unaffiliated entity that has been 
awarded a power purchase agreement with the Utilities through the Stage 1 or 2 RFPs, such entity would become an “Affiliate” 

1

or “Affiliate-Related Entity” under the ATRs, and any wholesale power transactions between the entity and the Utilities, 
including under the awarded power purchase agreement, would require PUC review and approval. Such a requirement may 
impact Pacific Current’s competitiveness in acquiring and investing in new utility-scale projects in the Utilities’ service 
territory and thereby impact the pace and extent of Pacific Current’s growth. Pacific Current is still reviewing the guidance and 
has not yet determined its impact. 

HEI and ASB Hawaii are subject to Federal Reserve Board (FRB) regulation, supervision and reporting requirements as 
savings and loan holding companies. As a result of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act, supervision and regulation of HEI 
and ASB Hawaii, as thrift holding companies, moved to the FRB, and supervision and regulation of ASB, as a federally 
chartered savings bank, moved to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) in July 2011. In the event the OCC has 
reasonable cause to believe that any activity of HEI or ASB Hawaii constitutes a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness 
or stability of ASB, the OCC is authorized to impose certain restrictions on HEI, ASB Hawaii and/or any of their subsidiaries. 
Possible restrictions include precluding or limiting: (i) the payment of dividends by ASB; (ii) transactions between ASB, HEI 
or ASB Hawaii, and their subsidiaries or affiliates; and (iii) any activities of ASB that might expose ASB to the liabilities of 
HEI and/or ASB Hawaii and their other affiliates. See also Note 14 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (Gramm Act) permitted banks, insurance companies and investment firms to 
compete directly against each other, thereby allowing “one-stop shopping” for an array of financial services. Although the 
Gramm Act further restricted the creation of so-called “unitary savings and loan holding companies” (i.e., companies such as 
HEI whose subsidiaries include one or more savings associations and one or more nonfinancial subsidiaries), the unitary 
savings and loan holding company relationship among HEI, ASB Hawaii and ASB is “grandfathered” under the Gramm Act so 
that HEI and its subsidiaries will be able to continue to engage in their current activities so long as ASB maintains its qualified 
thrift lender (QTL) status test discussed under “Bank—Regulation—Qualified thrift lender test.” ASB met the QTL test at all 
times during 2021; however, the failure of ASB to satisfy the QTL test in the future could result in a need for HEI to divest 
ASB. Under the Gramm Act, any proposed sale of ASB would have to satisfy applicable statutory and regulatory requirements 
and potential acquirers of ASB would most likely be limited to companies that are already qualified as, or capable of qualifying 
as, either a traditional savings and loan association holding company or a bank holding company, or as one of the authorized 
financial holding companies permitted under the Gramm Act. 

HEI is also affected by provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to corporate governance and executive compensation, 
including provisions requiring shareholder “say on pay” and “say on pay frequency” votes, mandating additional disclosures 
concerning executive compensation and compensation consultants and advisors and further restricting proxy voting by brokers 
in the absence of instructions. See “Bank—Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A for a discussion of effects of the Dodd-
Frank Act on HEI and ASB.

Environmental regulation.  HEI and its subsidiaries are subject to federal and state statutes and governmental regulations 
pertaining to water quality, air quality and other environmental factors. See the “Environmental regulation” discussions in the 
“Electric utility” and “Bank” sections below, and Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Human Capital Resources. 

Employees.  The Company had total and full-time employees as follows:

December 31

2021

2020

2019

HEI and Pacific Current
Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries
ASB

Total
employees
49 
2,504 
1,096 
3,649 

Full-time
employees
49 
2,469 
1,079 
3,597 

Total
employees
49 
2,636 
1,084 
3,769 

Full-time
employees
49 
2,579 
1,064 
3,692 

Total
employees

50 
2,720 
1,139 
3,909 

Full-time
employees
50 
2,675 
1,111 
3,836 

The employees of HEI and its direct and indirect subsidiaries, other than the electric utilities, are not covered by any 

collective bargaining agreement. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1260 represents roughly half of the 
Utilities’ workforce covered by a collective bargaining agreement that expires on October 31, 2024.

Diversity & inclusion.  The diversity of the Company’s workforce, which includes diversity of people, backgrounds, 

experiences, thoughts and perspectives, gives the Company an advantage that helps guide the Company’s decision-making and   
its ability to meet its customers’ and community’s needs. Additionally, because the Company’s businesses operate exclusively 
in Hawaii, which is one of the most racially diverse states in the U.S., the Company believes it is important that its workforce 
reflects this diversity. The diversity information that follows is based on total employees, including employees on long-term 
leave, part-time employees and temporary employees.

2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diversity representation

HEI5

Hawaiian Electric

ASB

Female
 33.3% 
 81.8% 
 67.3% 

Racially 
diverse1
 55.6% 
 72.7% 
 83.7% 

Female
 40.0% 
 28.3% 
 28.7% 

Racially 
diverse1
 66.7% 
 84.5% 
 90.3% 

Executives2
Leaders3
All workforce4
1  Racially diverse defined as all races/ethnicities that are not ‘White’ (as defined by the EEO-1 categories)
2  Executives includes EE0-1 category 1.1-Executive/Sr. Level Officials
3  Leaders includes EE0-1 category 1.2-First/Mid-Level Officials
4  All Workforce includes EE0-1 categories 1.1-Executive/Sr. Level Officials, 1.2-First/ Mid-Level Officials, 2-Professionals, 3-Technicians, 
4-Sales Workers, 5-Administrative Support Workers, 6-Craft Workers, 7-Operatives, 8-Laborers and Helpers, 9-Service Workers
5 Includes Pacific Current employees

Racially 
diverse1
 80.0% 
 82.2% 
 89.0% 

Female
 40.0% 
 64.3% 
 66.0% 

Racial composition 

White

Asian

Black

Hispanic

Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander

American Indian or Alaska Native

Hawaii1
 21.5% 

 38.1% 

 1.8% 

 10.7% 

 9.9% 

 0.2% 

HEI2

 16.3% 

 57.1% 

 2.0% 

 2.0% 

 6.1% 

 2.0% 

Diversity-All workforce

Hawaiian Electric
 9.7% 

 52.8% 

 0.5% 

 4.6% 

 10.6% 

 0.3% 

ASB

 11.0% 

 58.9% 

 1.1% 

 4.7% 

 14.2% 

 0.3% 

 9.8% 
Two or more races
1  Source: 2019 U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey-Data Profile. While 2020 experimental estimates (pandemic-related) were 

 17.8% 

 21.5% 

 14.5% 

available at the time of analysis, 2019 data was used to maintain consistency with previous analyses. U.S. Census Bureau guidance 
recommends against comparing 2020 experimental estimates with standard estimates.

2  Includes Pacific Current employees

Employee development & training.  In order to meet the changing demands of the industries in which the Company 
operates, address the needs of the Company's stakeholders, and design and carry out the Company's strategies, it is crucial for 
the Company’s workforce to be highly skilled in their areas of focus. As such, the Company prioritizes specific skill 
enhancement training as well as industry and leadership development programs. 

Hawaiian Electric.  Hawaiian Electric offers Hawaiian Electric and HEI holding company employees skills and 

professional training programs, including leadership development courses, employee development courses, technical training, 
apprenticeship programs, operational, environmental compliance, cybersecurity awareness and required safety training. 
Hawaiian Electric also offers tailored leadership development programs, including supervisor training to transition new 
supervisors to critical operational, administrative, and leadership roles as well as leadership and employee assessments geared 
to improve productivity and effectiveness in the workplace. Leadership development metrics are included in executive and 
management incentive plans. Learning and development initiatives are integrated with annual performance evaluations to 
reinforce development as integral parts of individual performance goals. Annual succession planning ensures the identification 
and development of successors, high potential individuals, and nurtures a leadership pipeline.

ASB.  ASB invests in continuous training and development of its employees. Curriculum includes technical banker 

training programs that cover all aspects of banking laws, banking operations, new product and service offerings, legal and 
regulatory compliance and company procedures and ethics. The Bank delivers company-wide financial education, empowering 
its employees to make wise personal decisions to help meet their financial goals and provide valuable customer guidance. ASB 
offers opportunities for all employees to grow and build their careers, through a multitude of soft skills training and leadership 
programs, including Leadership Forums, Trust, Emotional Intelligence, Embracing and Driving Change, Diversity and 
Inclusion, and Respect in the Workplace. ASB further invests in leadership development through their leadership cohort 
programs, designed to help employees grow professionally and personally, enhance their leadership skills, and broaden their 
understanding of the banking industry. These include Rise, a 6-month development experience for mid-level managers, and 
Leadership Academy, a robust 12-15 month program for well-established leaders. Offerings are delivered in online, instructor-
led, and on-the-job learning formats. ASB’s focus on meaningful growth and development opportunities positions the Bank to 
recruit and retain top talent. 

Safety and health.  As a key priority, the Company strives to create workplace environments where employees feel 

physically and emotionally safe. For the Utility, safety is of paramount importance due to the inherent risks involved in certain 
aspects of its operations and the critical importance to the State of Hawaii of maintaining the electrical grid. During the 

3

COVID-19 pandemic, the Company has continued to modify its operations and policies to align with guidance from the Centers 
of Disease Control and Prevention and the Hawaii Department of Health. The Company also monitors the rates of infection 
within the state and makes adjustments, accordingly, to limit the risk of transmission in the workplace and ensure the health of 
the Company’s employees.

Hawaiian Electric.  Hawaiian Electric is committed to maintaining a strong safety culture. Due to the nature of its 

operations, safety is of paramount importance. Management strives to provide visible leadership and strategic direction for the 
health and safety management system and programs in their area of responsibility. This leadership and direction help to build 
and maintain a strong safety culture and drive safety improvement, allocates adequate resources to enable implementation of 
safety programs and holds leaders accountable for the implementation of safety programs and resulting health and safety 
performance. Executive compensation is tied to achievement of quantified severity and total case incident rate targets (TCIR). 
These targets reward improvements in workplace safety, promote employee well-being, and reduce expenses. Hawaiian Electric 
promotes a safety culture that aims for zero incidents through all employees taking ownership of safety for themselves, their co-
workers, contractors, and the public. More information on such targets is available in HEI’s annual proxy statement. Hawaiian 
Electric also provides a variety of programs and benefits that support employee physical, financial and emotional well-being.  
These programs include access to fitness and yoga classes, online corporate wellness activities and education, gym and group 
fitness discounts, and financial well-being classes.

ASB.  ASB is committed to supporting the continued health and safety of its employees through a wellness program 

which takes a holistic approach to improving the health and well-being of its employees by focusing on all aspects of wellness 
including nutrition, fitness, mindfulness and finances. ASB also encourages participation in the program through its annual 
bank-wide step and weight loss challenges and community charity walks. ASB also offers outdoor and virtual fitness classes, 
including high intensity interval training and yoga. ASB’s employees can also participate in a program which allows employees 
to enjoy national fitness center chains or workout in their homes at a reduced price. To further support ASB’s employees’ well-
being, ASB rewards everyone who completes an annual preventative health screening with a Wellness Holiday, offers a robust 
employee assistance program, and provides many family friendly benefits, including generous and gender-neutral parental 
leave.  

Workforce Stability.  The Company’s employees are its greatest asset and the Company strives to create a highly desirable 

place to work.  

Hawaiian Electric.  Hawaiian Electric seeks to provide compensation and benefits that are comprehensive, market-
competitive, and internally equitable to attract, engage, and retain highly skilled employees. Hawaiian Electric believes that 
employee engagement is key to creating a desirable, inclusive, rewarding place to work and conducts employee engagement 
surveys on a regular cycle, and, more recently, change management surveys to assess and support the organizations’ 
adaptability to change. Hawaiian Electric is expanding its strategic workforce planning initiative to build its workforce to 
support future transformation plans. 

ASB.  ASB seeks to attract, develop, and retain high performers who not only excel at their jobs but who also align 
with ASB’s priorities and objectives. ASB strives to provide competitive pay and benefits and an award-winning culture that 
attracts top talent. ASB regularly conducts anonymous employee surveys to gather feedback on their work experience. Topics 
covered include confidence in company leadership, career growth opportunities, diversity and inclusion, and suggestions on 
how to create a great place to work. Survey results are shared with leaders, who prioritize actions and activities in response to 
feedback to drive meaningful improvements in employee engagement. ASB’s talent management process is integrated into its 
business process and its human capital management strategy is part of its business strategy. ASB’s investment in creating a 
great place to work and innovative, inclusive programs have resulted in it being recognized both locally and nationally for its 
workplace culture.  

Properties.  HEI leases office space from nonaffiliated lessors in downtown Honolulu under leases that expire in 
December 2022. See “Electric Utility” and “Bank” sections for a description of properties they own and lease.

Hamakua Energy, LLC (Hamakua Energy), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Current, which is included in 
the “Other” segment, owns a 60-MW dual-train combined-cycle facility and a total of approximately 93 acres located on the 
Hamakua coast on the island of Hawaii. Its power plant is situated on approximately 59 acres and the remaining 34 acres 
includes surrounding parcels of which 30 acres are located on the ocean front. Ka‘ie‘ie Waho Company, LLC (Ka‘ie‘ie Waho), a 
wholly owned subsidiary of Pacific Current, owns a 6-MW solar photovoltaic facility located on approximately 20 acres on the 
southern coast of the island of Kauai. 

Electric utility

Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries and service areas.  Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric (Utilities) 
are regulated operating electric public utilities engaged in the production, purchase, transmission, distribution and sale of 
electricity on the islands of Oahu; Hawaii; and Maui, Lanai and Molokai, respectively. 

4

In 2021, the electric utilities’ revenues and net income amounted to approximately 89% and 72% respectively, of HEI’s 

consolidated revenues and net income, compared to approximately 88% and 86% in 2020 and approximately 89% and 72% in 
2019, respectively. 

The islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Molokai have a combined population estimated at 1.3 million, or 
approximately 95% of the total population of the State of Hawaii, and comprise a service area of 5,815 square miles. The 
principal communities served include Honolulu (on Oahu), Hilo and Kona (on Hawaii) and Wailuku and Kahului (on Maui). 
The service areas also include numerous suburban communities, resorts, U.S. Armed Forces installations and agricultural 
operations. In November 2020, the PUC approved Hawaiian Electric’s acquisition of the electric distribution systems serving 
12 U.S. Army installations on Oahu, including Schofield Barracks, Wheeler Army Airfield, Tripler Army Medical Center, Fort 
Shafter and Army housing areas. 

The state has granted Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric nonexclusive franchises, which authorize 

the Utilities to construct, operate and maintain facilities over and under public streets and sidewalks. Each of these franchises 
will continue in effect for an indefinite period of time until forfeited, altered, amended or repealed.

Climate change action plan.  The Utilities have set an aggressive goal to cut carbon emissions from power generation 70% by 
2030, compared with 2005 levels. The emissions covered by this goal include stack emissions from generation owned by 
Hawaiian Electric and independent power producers (IPPs) who sell electricity to the Utilities. In addition, the Utilities have 
committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions from power generation by 2045 or sooner. These commitments are aligned 
with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommendation of no more than 1.5°C average global warming to avoid 
potentially devastating climate events.

Key elements of the 2030 plan to reduce emissions include:

•  The closing of the state’s last coal plant in 2022 upon expiry of the PPA
•  Adding nearly 50,000 rooftop solar systems, more than a 50% increase, compared to the approximately 90,000 systems 

online in 2021

•  Retiring at least six fossil-fueled generating units and significantly reducing the use of others as new renewable 

resources come online

•  Adding additional renewable energy projects capable of generating a total of at least 1 gigawatt beyond resources in 

place in 2021, including shared solar (community-based renewable energy)

•  Using more grid-scale and customer-owned energy storage
•  Expanding geothermal resources
•  Creating innovative programs that provide customers incentives for using clean, lower-cost energy at certain times of 

the day and using less fossil-fueled energy at night

By 2030, Hawaiian Electric’s renewable portfolio standard is expected to exceed 70%, with renewable resources available 

to provide close to 100% of the electricity generated on Hawaii Island and in Maui County. Achieving the 70% carbon 
emissions reduction by 2030 is highly dependent on the successful completion of renewable IPP projects under Phase 1, Phase 
2 and other RFPs.

After 2030, progress on elimination of carbon from power generation assumes continued use of proven resources, 

including wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric, biofuels and energy storage, along with the development of new technologies. 
Those technologies may include offshore wind, green hydrogen, wave energy and carbon-capture—all currently under 
development around the world—as well as other solutions that will emerge. A diverse portfolio of resources will also enhance 
resilience to climate-related events.

5

 
Sales of electricity.

Years ended December 31

2021

2020

2019

(dollars in thousands)
Hawaiian Electric

Hawaii Electric Light

Maui Electric

* As of December 31.

Customer 
accounts*

Electric sales 
revenues

Customer 
accounts*

Electric sales 
revenues

Customer 
accounts*

Electric sales 
revenues

308,721  $ 

1,772,183 

307,378  $ 

1,592,463 

306,368  $ 

1,784,982 

88,103 

73,788 

375,775 

359,648 

87,357 

73,304 

329,195 

317,872 

86,576 

72,522 

360,019 

372,034 

470,612  $ 

2,507,606 

468,039  $ 

2,239,530 

465,466  $ 

2,517,035 

Regulatory mechanisms.  Base electric rates are set in rate cases, and on April 29, 2020, the PUC issued an order 
terminating the mandatory triennial rate case cycle in anticipation of the performance-based regulation framework (PBR 
Framework). The regulatory framework in effect in 2020 included a number of mechanisms designed to provide utility financial 
stability during the transition toward the state’s 100% renewable energy goals. For example, under the sales decoupling 
mechanism, the Utilities are allowed to recover from customers, target test year revenues, independent of the level of kilowatt-
hour (kWh) sales, which declined measured on an annual basis from 2008 to 2018, as privately-owned distributed energy 
resources have been added to the grid and energy efficiency measures have been put into place. 

On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a D&O in Phase 2 of the PBR proceeding, establishing a new PBR Framework for 

the Utilities. The PBR Framework includes, among other matters, a five-year multi-year rate plan with an index-driven annual 
revenue adjustment (ARA), which replaces the RAM, modification of the MPIR mechanism (renamed Exceptional Project 
Recovery Mechanism (EPRM)) to include deferred and operation and maintenance (O&M) expense projects and to permit the 
Utilities to include the full amount of approved costs in the EPRM for recovery in the first year the project goes into service, 
pro-rated for the portion of the year the project is in service, and continuation of (i) the revenue balancing account, (ii) the 
pension and other postretirement benefit tracking mechanisms, and (iii) energy cost recovery clause, purchased power 
adjustment clause, and other recovery mechanisms. See “Commitments and contingencies-Regulatory proceedings-
Performance-based regulation framework” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A summary of these regulatory mechanisms, most of which have been either maintained, modified, or approved under PBR 

as noted, is as follows:

Mechanism
Sales decoupling

Annual Revenue 
Adjustment (ARA)

Exceptional Project 
Recovery Mechanism 
(EPRM)

Energy cost recovery 
clause (ECRC) and 
purchased power 
adjustment clause 
(PPAC)

Performance 
incentive mechanism 
(PIM) / Shared 
Savings Mechanism 
(SSM)

Pension and other 
post-employment 
benefit trackers

Renewable energy 
infrastructure 
program

Expedited Pilot 
Process

Description
Provides predictable revenue stream by fixing net 
revenues at the level approved in last rate case 
(revenues not linked to kWh sales)

Annually adjusts revenue levels during a Multi-Year 
Rate Period, determined by formula which includes an 
inflation factor, a predetermined productivity 
adjustment (currently set at zero), adjustments for 
exceptional circumstances not in the Utilities’ control 
and a customer dividend.

Reduces regulatory lag and permits recovery of 
revenues for net costs of approved eligible projects 
placed in service during the Multi-Year Rate Period 
through the revenue balancing account (RBA) that is 
not provided for by other effective tariffs, the ARA, 
Performance Incentive Mechanism (PIMS) or Shared 
Savings Mechanisms (SSMs).

Allows for timely recovery of fuel and purchased 
power costs to reduce earnings volatility. Symmetrical 
fossil fuel cost risk-sharing (98% customer/2% utility) 
mechanism established for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii 
Electric Light and Maui Electric capped at $2.5 
million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million annually, 
respectively.

Annually adjusts revenue to recover from or credit 
customers for specific areas of the Utilities’ 
performance measured against the PUC’s approved 
targets.

Allow tracking of pension and other post-employment 
benefit costs and contributions above or below the cost 
included in rates in a separate regulatory asset/liability 
account

PBR Framework (effective June 2021)
Maintained under PBR

Replaced the Revenue Adjustment Mechanism (RAM) 
effective June 1, 2021. The transition to the ARA 
includes the continuation of the 2020 RAM revenue 
adjustment. 

Formerly known as the Major Projects Interim 
Recovery adjustment mechanism (MPIR). The EPRM 
was modified to include recovery of both capital and 
O&M expenses and to permit the Utilities to include 
the full amount of approved costs for recovery in the 
first year that projects are placed into service, pro-rated 
for the portion of the year that projects are in service.

Maintained under PBR

Maintained under PBR with a portfolio of SSMs and 
new PIMs added to encourage acceleration in 
renewables, grid services, interconnection, low-to-
moderate income energy efficiency, and advanced 
metering infrastructure and allows for financial 
rewards for exemplary performance.

Maintained under PBR

Permits recovery of renewable energy infrastructure 
projects through a surcharge

Maintained under PBR

Fosters innovation by establishing an expedited 
implementation process for pilots that test new 
technologies, programs, business models and other 
arrangements. Proposed pilots are subject to PUC 
approval with a total annual cap of $10 million.

Approved under PBR to allow for timely cost recovery 
of annual expenditures of approved pilot projects 
through an adjustment to target revenues. 

Earnings Sharing 
Mechanism (ESM)

Protects the Utilities and customers from excessive 
earnings or losses, as measured by the Utilities’ 
achieved rate making ROACE.

Maintained under PBR, adjusted to reflect a 
symmetrical ESM for achieved rate making ROACE 
outside of a 300 basis points dead band above or below 
the current authorized ROACE of 9.5% for each of the 
Utilities. 

Seasonality.  kWh sales of the Utilities follow a seasonal pattern, but they do not experience extreme seasonal variations 
experienced by some electric utilities on the U.S. mainland. In Hawaii, kWh sales tend to increase in the warmer, more humid 
months as a result of increased demand for air conditioning, and with cloudy and rainy weather due to lower production by 
privately owned customer photovoltaic (PV) systems. In 2021, kWh sales increased compared to the prior year due to the 
easing of pandemic related restrictions and increased domestic travel to Hawaii, which in turn increased the demand for 
electricity.

Significant customers.  The Utilities derived approximately 11% of their operating revenues in each of 2021, 2020 and 
2019 from the sale of electricity to various federal government agencies. Hawaiian Electric continues to work with various 
federal agencies to implement measures that will help them achieve their energy efficiency, resilience and clean energy 
objectives.

7

Selected consolidated electric utility operating statistics.

Years ended December 31

MWh sales (thousands)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other

MWh net generated and purchased (thousands)

Net generated
Purchased

MWh customer-sited solar (thousands)
RPS (%)
Losses and system uses (%)
Energy supply (December 31)
Net generating capability—MW
Firm and other purchased capability—MW1

Net peak demand—MW2
Btu per net kWh generated
Average fuel oil cost per MBtu (cents)
Customer accounts (December 31)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other

Electric revenues (thousands)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other

Average revenue per kWh sold (cents)

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

2,491.6 
2,572.5 
3,174.3 
22.7 
8,261.1 

4,501.0 
4,153.7 
8,654.7 
1,418.0 
38.4 
4.3 

1,738 
540 
2,278 
1,471 
10,988 
1,305.4 

414,713 
54,373 
698 
828 
470,612 

2,525.4 
2,456.0 
3,118.0 
20.8 
8,120.2 

4,629.2 
3,896.2 
8,525.4 
1,325.8 
34.5 
4.5 

1,737 
517 
2,254 
1,471 
10,834 
1,028.7 

412,484 
54,035 
694 
826 
468,039 

2,439.3 
2,793.0 
3,467.2 
40.5 
8,740.0 

4,972.7 
4,168.6 
9,141.3 
1,224.6 
28.4 
4.2 

1,737 
517 
2,254 
1,601 
10,860 
1,337.6 

409,689 
54,233 
700 
844 
465,466 

2,410.8 
2,810.8 
3,425.1 
42.1 
8,688.8 

4,966.4 
4,139.3 
9,105.7 
948.4 
26.7 
4.4 

1,739 
517 
2,256 
1,598 
10,826 
1,420.2 

407,505 
54,075 
696 
813 
463,089 

2,334.5 
2,867.9 
3,443.3 
44.7 
8,690.4 

4,888.4 
4,247.1 
9,135.5 
862.6 
26.8 
4.7 

1,673 
551 
2,224 
1,584 
10,812 
1,114.3 

406,241 
53,732 
656 
1,596 
462,225 

$ 

843,655  $ 
802,878 
853,293 
7,780 

691,857 
766,921 
776,808 
12,009 
$  2,507,606  $  2,239,530  $  2,517,035  $  2,526,207  $  2,247,595 

770,135  $ 
708,180 
754,775 
6,440 

791,398  $ 
829,000 
884,722 
11,915 

788,028  $ 
843,326 
882,443 
12,410 

30.35 
33.86 
31.21 
26.88 
34.19 

27.58 
30.50 
28.83 
24.21 
31.01 

Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Other
Residential statistics
Average annual use per customer account (kWh)
Average annual revenue per customer account
Average number of customer accounts
1 Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) with 34.6 MW of firm capacity went offline due to lava flow on Hawaii Island since May 2018, but
returned to service with firm capacity of 13 MW in the first quarter of 2021 and ramped up to 23.9 MW in the second quarter and continued 
to provide 23.9 MW for the remainder of 2021.
2 Sum of the net peak demands on all islands served, noncoincident and nonintegrated.

5,779 
1,713 
403,983 

6,022 
2,039  $ 

6,145 
1,874  $ 

5,967 
1,936  $ 

5,923 
1,936  $ 

413,725 

410,973 

408,768 

407,044 

$ 

28.80 
32.44 
29.68 
25.52 
29.39 

29.07 
32.69 
30.00 
25.76 
29.47 

25.86 
29.64 
26.74 
22.56 
26.82 

8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Generation statistics.  The following table contains certain generation statistics as of and for the year ended December 31, 
2021. The net generating and firm purchased capability available for operation at any given time may be more or less than 
shown because of capability restrictions or temporary outages for inspection, maintenance, repairs or unforeseen circumstances.

Hawaiian 
Electric 

 Island of
 Oahu

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light 

Island of
 Hawaii

Maui Electric

Island of
 Maui

Island of
Lanai

Island of
Molokai

Total

Net generating and firm purchased capability 
(MW) as of December 31, 20211

Conventional oil-fired steam units

Diesel internal combustion engine

Simple-cycle combustion turbines

Dual train combined-cycle unit

Biodiesel internal combustion engine
Firm contract power2

Net peak demand (MW)3
Reserve margin

Annual load factor

999.5 

— 

230.8 

— 

57.4 

456.5 

  1,744.2 

  1,072.0 

 61.6% 

 68.5% 

50.1 

29.5 

46.3 

56.3 

— 

83.9 

266.1 

193.9 

 37.2% 

 65.5% 

35.9 

96.8 

— 

113.6 

— 

— 

246.3 

193.4 

 30.7% 

 61.3% 

MWh net generated and purchased (thousands)

  6,435.8 

  1,112.1 

  1,038.6 

— 

9.4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

9.4 

6.1 

— 

9.8 

2.2 

— 

— 

— 

12.0 

5.8 

1,085.5 

145.5 

279.3 

169.9 

57.4 

540.4 

2,278.0 

1,471.2 

 54.1% 

 68.2% 

36.4 

 106.9% 

 62.6% 

 54.8% 

 67.2% 

31.8 

8,654.7 

1 Hawaiian Electric units at normal ratings; Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric units at reserve ratings.
2 Nonutility generators - Hawaiian Electric: 208 MW (Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., oil-fired), 180 MW (AES Hawaii, Inc., coal-fired) and 68.5 

MW (HPOWER, refuse-fired); Hawaii Electric Light: 60 MW (Hamakua Energy, oil-fired). Hawaii Electric Light also has a firm capacity 
PPA with PGV for 34.6 MW that went offline due to lava flow on Hawaii Island since May 2018, but returned to service with firm capacity 
of 13 MW in the first quarter of 2021 and ramped up to 23.9 MW in the second quarter. PGV’s capability of 23.9 MW has been 
incorporated into the utility’s firm contract power capability as of December 31, 2021.

3 Noncoincident and nonintegrated.

Generating reliability and reserve margin.  Hawaiian Electric serves the island of Oahu and Hawaii Electric Light serves the 
island of Hawaii. Maui Electric has three separate electrical systems—one each on the islands of Maui, Molokai and Lanai. 
Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric have isolated electrical systems that are not currently interconnected 
to each other or to any other electrical grid and, thus, each maintains a higher level of reserve generation and cost structure than 
is typically carried by interconnected mainland U.S. utilities, which are able to share reserve capacity. These higher levels of 
reserve margins are required to meet peak electric demands, to provide for scheduled maintenance of generating units 
(including the units operated by IPPs relied upon for firm capacity) and to allow for the forced outage of the largest generating 
unit in the system.

Nonutility generation.  The Utilities have supported state and federal energy policies which encourage the development of 
renewable energy sources that reduce the use of fuel oil as well as the development of qualifying facilities. The Utilities’ 
renewable energy sources and potential sources range from wind, solar, photovoltaic, geothermal, wave and hydroelectric 
power to energy produced by municipal waste and other biofuels.

The rate schedules of the electric utilities contain ECRCs and PPACs that allow them to recover costs of fuel and purchase 

power expenses. 

In addition to the firm capacity PPAs described below, the electric utilities also purchase energy on an as-available basis 
directly from nonutility generators and through its Feed-In Tariff programs. The electric utilities also receive renewable energy 
from customers under its Net Energy Metering and Customer Grid Supply programs.

The PUC has allowed rate recovery for the firm capacity and purchased energy costs for the electric utilities’ approved firm 

capacity and as-available energy PPAs.

Hawaiian Electric firm capacity PPAs.  Hawaiian Electric currently has three major PPAs that provide a total of 456.5 MW 

of firm capacity, representing 26% of Hawaiian Electric’s total net generating and firm purchased capacity on the Island of 
Oahu as of December 31, 2021. 

9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In March 1988, Hawaiian Electric entered into a PPA with AES Hawaii, Inc. (AES Hawaii), a Hawaii-based, indirect 
subsidiary of The AES Corporation. The agreement with AES Hawaii, as amended, provides that, for a period of 30 years 
beginning September 1992 and ending on September 1, 2022, Hawaiian Electric will purchase 180 megawatts (MW) of firm 
capacity. The AES Hawaii coal-fired cogeneration plant utilizes a “clean coal” technology. See “Commitments and 
contingencies–Power purchase agreements–AES Hawaii, Inc.” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for an 
update regarding this PPA. 

Under a 1988 PPA, as amended, Hawaiian Electric is committed to purchase 208 MW of firm capacity from Kalaeloa 
Partners, L.P. (Kalaeloa). The Kalaeloa facility, which is a Qualifying Facility (QF), is a combined-cycle operation, consisting 
of two oil-fired combustion turbines burning low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO) and a steam turbine that utilizes waste heat from the 
combustion turbines. The PPA term ended on May 23, 2016; however, the parties were in negotiations for a new agreement and 
the PPA automatically extended on a month-to-month basis while the parties were negotiating in good faith. The parties 
executed an Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement on October 29, 2021, which among other provisions extends 
the term for ten contract years after the effective date. The Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement was filed with 
the PUC on November 24, 2021 for review and approval.

Hawaiian Electric also entered into a PPA in March 1986 and a firm capacity amendment in April 1991 with the City and 

County of Honolulu with respect to a refuse-fired plant (HPOWER). Under the PPA, as amended and restated, Hawaiian 
Electric is committed to purchase 68.5 MW of firm capacity annually up until the PPA expires on April 2, 2033.

Hawaii Electric Light firm capacity PPAs.  Hawaii Electric Light has two major PPAs that provide a total of 83.9 MW of 

firm capacity, representing 32% of Hawaii Electric Light’s total net generating and firm purchased capacity on the Island of 
Hawaii as of December 31, 2021. 

In October 1997, Hawaii Electric Light entered into an agreement with Encogen, which was succeeded by Hamakua 
Energy Partners, L. P. (HEP). The agreement requires Hawaii Electric Light to purchase up to 60 MW (net) of firm capacity for 
a period of 30 years, expiring on December 31, 2030. The dual-train combined-cycle facility consists of two oil-fired 
combustion turbines and a steam turbine that utilizes waste heat from the combustion turbines, which primarily burns naphtha 
(a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons) and, starting in late 2019, biodiesel (comprising approximately 21% of the fuel mix in 2021). 
In November 2017, Hamakua Energy, an indirect subsidiary of HEI, purchased the plant from HEP. 

Hawaii Electric Light has a 35-year PPA, as amended, with Puna Geothermal Venture (PGV) for 34.6 MW of firm 

capacity from its geothermal steam facility, which will expire on December 31, 2027. However, the PGV facility went offline in 
May 2018 due to lava flow on Hawaii Island. In March 2019, Hawaii Electric Light entered into a Rebuild Agreement with 
PGV, which sets forth the parties’ respective responsibilities associated with restoration of the facility. The Rebuild Agreement 
shall govern the terms until PGV becomes fully operational. In December 2019, Hawaii Electric Light entered into an Amended 
and Restated PPA with PGV to, among other things, extend the term by 25 years to 2052 and expand the firm capacity capable 
of being delivered to 46 MW, subject to PUC approval. PGV returned to service at a level providing limited output without firm 
capacity in the fourth quarter of 2020 and is currently providing 23.9 MW of capacity. See “New renewable PPAs” in the 
“Developments in renewable energy efforts” section in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A. 

In May 2012, Hawaii Electric Light signed a PPA with Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC (Hu Honua) for 21.5 MW of renewable, 

dispatchable firm capacity fueled by locally grown biomass on the island of Hawaii. This PPA was approved by the PUC in 
December 2013, however, the approval was appealed. The Supreme Court of Hawaii issued a decision remanding the matter to 
the PUC for further proceedings. See “Commitments and contingencies–Power purchase agreements–Hu Honua Bioenergy, 
LLC” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for an update regarding this PPA. 

Maui Electric firm capacity PPAs.  Maui Electric has no firm capacity PPAs. 

Fuel oil usage and supply.  The rate schedules of the Utilities include ECRCs under which electric rates (and consequently the 
revenues of the electric utility subsidiaries generally) are adjusted for changes in the weighted-average price paid for fuel oil 
and certain components of purchased power, and the relative amounts of company-generated power and purchased power. See 
discussion of rates and issues relating to the ECRC below under “Rates,” and “Material estimates and critical accounting 
policies–Revenues” in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A.

Hawaiian Electric’s steam generating units consume LSFO and Hawaiian Electric’s combustion turbine peaking units 
consume diesel, including Hawaiian Electric’s Campbell Industrial Park generating facility which recently converted from B99 
grade biodiesel to diesel. Hawaiian Electric’s Schofield Generating Station consumes mostly B99 grade biodiesel, but is 
permitted to also burn ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).

10

Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s steam generating units burn high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO) and Hawaii Electric 

Light’s and Maui Electric’s Maui combustion turbine generating units burn diesel. Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s 
Maui, Molokai, and Lanai diesel engine generating units burn ULSD. 

See “Fuel contracts” in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A.

The following table sets forth the average cost of fuel oil used by Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui 

Electric to generate electricity in 2021, 2020 and 2019:

2021
2020
2019

Hawaiian Electric

$/Barrel

¢/MBtu

Hawaii Electric Light
¢/MBtu
$/Barrel

Maui Electric

Consolidated

$/Barrel

¢/MBtu

$/Barrel

¢/MBtu

79.10 
62.06 
81.02 

1,275.9 
1,003.7 
1,304.8 

80.52 
63.21 
81.96 

1,333.9 
1,048.3 
1,354.0 

83.45 
66.81 
86.58 

1,404.0 
1,122.7 
1,454.8 

80.06 
63.00 
82.17 

1,305.4 
1,028.7 
1,337.6 

The average per-unit cost of fuel oil consumed to generate electricity for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and 

Maui Electric reflects a different volume mix of fuel types and grades as follows:

2021
2020
2019

Hawaiian Electric

% LSFO % Biodiesel/Diesel
7 
6 
7 

93 
94 
93 

Hawaii Electric Light
% HSFO
41 
39 
44 

% Diesel
59 
61 
56 

Maui Electric

% HSFO
22 
24 
24 

% Diesel
78 
76 
76 

The prices that Hawaiian Electric and Hawaii Electric Light pay for purchased energy from certain older nonutility 
generators are generally linked to the price of oil. The AES Hawaii energy prices vary primarily with an inflation index. The 
energy prices for Kalaeloa, which purchases LSFO from Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (PAR), vary primarily with the price of 
Asian crude oil. On December 31, 2019, Hawaii Electric Light and PGV entered into an Amended and Restated Power 
Purchase Agreement, which delinks the pricing for energy delivered from the facility from fossil fuel prices. Hamakua Energy’s 
energy prices vary primarily with the cost of naphtha.

The Utilities estimate that 67% of the net energy they generate will come from fossil fuel oil in 2022 compared to 63% in 

2021. Hawaiian Electric generally maintains an average system fuel inventory level equivalent to 47 days of forward 
consumption. Hawaiian Electric is targeting to increase inventory level equivalent to 59 days in 2022 in response to the 
expiration of the PPA with AES Hawaii on September 1, 2022. Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric generally maintain an 
average system fuel inventory level equivalent to approximately one month’s supply of both HSFO and diesel. The PPAs with 
AES Hawaii and Hamakua Energy require that they maintain certain minimum fuel inventory levels.

Rates.  Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric are subject to the regulatory jurisdiction of the PUC with 
respect to rates, issuance of securities, accounting and certain other matters. See “Regulation” below.

General rate increases require the prior approval of the PUC after public and contested case hearings. Rates for Hawaiian 
Electric and its subsidiaries include ECRCs, and PPACs. Under current law and practices, specific and separate PUC approval 
is not required for each rate change pursuant to automatic rate adjustment clauses previously approved by the PUC. Public 
Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (PURPA) requires the PUC to periodically review the adjustment clauses related to 
energy cost of electric and gas utilities in the state, and such clauses, as well as the rates charged by the utilities generally, are 
subject to change. PUC approval is also required for all surcharges and adjustments before they are reflected in rates.

See “Material estimates and critical accounting policies–Revenues” in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A and “Most recent rate 

proceedings,” and “Utility projects” under “Commitments and contingencies” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements.

Competition.  See “Competition” in Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A.

Regulation.  The PUC regulates the rates, issuance of securities, accounting and certain other aspects of the operations of 
Hawaiian Electric and its electric utility subsidiaries. See the previous discussion under “Rates” and the discussions under 
“Most recent rate proceedings” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On September 15, 2014, the State of Hawaii and the U.S. Department of Energy executed a Memorandum of 

Understanding (MOU) recognizing that Hawaii is embarking on the next phase of its clean energy future. The MOU provides 
the framework for a comprehensive, sustained effort to better realize its vast renewable energy potential and allow Hawaii to 
push forward in three main areas: the power sector, transportation and energy efficiency. This next phase is focused on 

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
stimulating deployment of clean energy infrastructure as a catalyst for economic growth, energy system innovation and test bed 
investments.

Energy efficiency.  The PUC issued an order on January 3, 2012 approving a framework for Energy Efficiency 

Portfolio Standards (EEPS) that set 2008 as the initial base year for evaluation and linearly allocated the 2030 goal to interim 
incremental reduction goals of 1,375 GWH by 2015 and 975 GWH by each of the years 2020, 2025 and 2030. Pursuant to the 
PUC’s EEPS framework, the PUC has contracted with a public benefits fee administrator to operate and manage energy 
efficiency programs, and any incentive and/or penalty mechanisms applicable solely to the public benefit fee administrator and 
related to the achievement of the goals are at the discretion of the PUC.  

The Division of Consumer Advocacy’s 2019 Compliance Resolution Fund Report states that Hawaii continues to progress 
towards its 2030 Renewable Portfolio Standards and EEPS goals. The EEPS has contributed to lower kWh sales; however, the 
implementation of sales decoupling has delinked sales and revenues. See “Regulatory mechanisms” above. 

Electrification of Transportation.  In June 2018, the PUC initiated a proceeding to review the Utilities’ Electrification 
of Transportation (EoT) Strategic Roadmap, which provided an economic analysis for light duty electric vehicles on the island 
of Oahu, Maui and Hawaii. In July 2019 the Utilities filed a study analyzing data regarding the critical backbone for electric 
vehicle charging needs in their service territories. In October 2019, the Utilities filed their EoT Workplan, establishing a 
schedule to continue implementation of the EoT roadmap with a focus on EV rate design and make-ready charging 
infrastructure in the near-term. The Utilities followed through on the EoT Workplan in 2020, with three filings: the electric bus 
make ready infrastructure pilot, Charge Ready Hawaii commercial infrastructure pilot, and two commercial EV rates, EV-J and 
EV-P. The electric bus make ready infrastructure pilot, EV-J and EV-P, and Charge Ready Hawaii commercial infrastructure 
pilot were approved by the PUC on May 7, 2021, December 30, 2021 and January 24, 2022, respectively, and will launch in the 
first and fourth quarters of 2022. In August 2020, the Utilities committed to electrifying 100% of its class 1 vehicles (sedans, 
SUVs and light trucks) by 2035. 

Renewable Portfolio Standards.  In 2015, Hawaii’s RPS law was amended to require electric utilities to meet an RPS 
of 15%, 30%, 40%, 70% and 100% by December 31, 2015, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2045, respectively. Energy savings resulting 
from energy efficiency programs do not count toward the RPS since 2014 (only electrical generation using renewable energy as 
a source counts). The Utilities’ also exceeded the 30% RPS target for 2020, achieving an RPS of 34.5%, and in 2021, achieved 
an RPS of 38.4%.

Affiliate transactions.  Certain transactions between HEI’s electric public utility subsidiaries (Hawaiian Electric, 

Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric) and HEI and affiliated interests (as defined by statute) are subject to regulation by the 
PUC. 

In December 1996, the PUC issued an order in a docket to review the relationship between HEI and Hawaiian Electric and 

the effects of that relationship on the operations of Hawaiian Electric. The order required Hawaiian Electric to continue to 
provide the PUC with periodic status reports on its compliance with the PUC Agreement (pursuant to which HEI became the 
holding company of Hawaiian Electric). Hawaiian Electric files such status reports annually. In the order, the PUC also required 
the Utilities to present a comprehensive analysis of the impact that the holding company structure and investments in nonutility 
subsidiaries have on a case-by-case basis on the cost of capital to each utility in future rate cases and remove any such effects 
from the cost of capital. The Utilities have made presentations in their subsequent rate cases to support their positions that there 
was no evidence that would modify the PUC’s finding that Hawaiian Electric’s access to capital did not suffer as a result of 
HEI’s involvement in nonutility activities and that HEI’s diversification did not permanently raise or lower the cost of capital 
incorporated into the rates paid by Hawaiian Electric’s utility customers.

In December 2018, the PUC established a set of requirements governing transactions and sharing of information between 

the Utilities and its affiliates (Affiliate Transaction Requirements, ATRs), which was subsequently modified and clarified in 
January 2019 following the Utilities’ motion for reconsideration. The PUC stated the intent of the ATRs is to establish 
safeguards to avoid potential market power benefits and cross-subsidization between regulated and unregulated activities. The 
requirements include rules on interactions with affiliates, information handling, business development, political activities, 
promotional activities, sales of products and services, and employee sharing restrictions. The ATRs include implementing an 
internal code of conduct, a compliance plan, including policies and procedures to comply with the requirements, and having an 
audit conducted every three years that examines the compliance with the requirements. Penalties for non-compliance depend on 
the severity of the violation, and can range from daily fines to divestiture of the Utilities by the holding company.

Other regulations.  The Utilities are not subject to regulation by the FERC under the Federal Power Act, except under 

Sections 210 through 212 (added by Title II of PURPA and amended by the Energy Policy Act of 1992), which permit the 
FERC to order electric utilities to interconnect with qualifying cogenerators and small power producers, and to wheel power to 
other electric utilities. Title I of PURPA, which relates to retail regulatory policies for electric utilities, and Title VII of the 

12

Energy Policy Act of 1992, which addresses transmission access, also apply to the Utilities. The Utilities are also required to 
file various operational reports with the FERC.

Because they are located in the State of Hawaii, Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries are exempt by statute from 

limitations set forth in the Powerplant and Industrial Fuel Use Act of 1978 on the use of petroleum as a primary energy source.

See also “HEI–Regulation” above.

Environmental regulation.  Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, like other utilities, are subject to 

periodic inspections by federal, state and, in some cases, local environmental regulatory agencies, including agencies 
responsible for the regulation of water quality, air quality, hazardous and other waste and hazardous materials. These 
inspections may result in the identification of items needing corrective or other action. Except as otherwise disclosed in this 
report (see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A, and Notes 1 and  3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements), the Utilities believe that 
each subsidiary has appropriately responded to environmental conditions requiring action and that, as a result of such actions, 
such environmental conditions will not have a material adverse effect on the capital expenditures, earnings and competitive 
position of the Utilities.

Water quality controls.  The generating stations, substations and other utility facilities operate under federal and state 

water quality regulations and permits, including, but not limited to, the Clean Water Act National Pollution Discharge 
Elimination System (governing point source discharges, including wastewater and storm water discharges) and the Safe 
Drinking Water Act Underground Injection Control (regulating disposal of wastewater into the subsurface).

Oil pollution controls.  The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA) establishes programs that govern actual or threatened oil 
releases and imposes strict liability on responsible parties for clean-up costs and damages to natural resources and property. The 
federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations under OPA require certain facilities that use or store oil to prepare 
and implement Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plans in order to prevent releases of oil to navigable 
waters of the U.S. Certain facilities are also required to prepare and implement Facility Response Plans (FRPs) to ensure 
prompt and proper response to releases of oil. The utility facilities that are subject to SPCC Plan and FRP requirements have 
prepared and implemented SPCC Plans and FRPs.

Air quality controls.  The Clean Air Act (CAA) establishes permitting programs to reduce air pollution. The CAA 

amendments of 1990, established the federal Title V Operating Permit Program (in Hawaii known as the Covered Source 
Permit program) to ensure compliance with all applicable federal and state air pollution control requirements. The 1977 CAA 
Amendments established the New Source Review (NSR) permitting program, which affect new or modified generating units by 
requiring a permit to construct under the CAA and the controls necessary to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

Title V operating permits have been issued for all of the Utilities’ affected generating units.

Hazardous waste and toxic substances controls.  The operations of the electric utility are subject to EPA regulations 

that implement provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Comprehensive Environmental 
Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA, also known as Superfund), the Superfund Amendments and 
Reauthorization Act (SARA), and the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

RCRA underground storage tank (UST) regulations require all facilities that use USTs for storing petroleum products to 
comply with established leak detection, spill prevention, standards for tank design and retrofits, financial assurance, operator 
training, and tank decommissioning and closure requirements. All of the Utilities’ USTs currently meet the applicable 
requirements.

The Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act under SARA Title III requires the Utilities to report 
potentially hazardous chemicals present in their facilities in order to provide the public with information so that emergency 
procedures can be established to protect the public in the event of hazardous chemical releases. Since January 1, 1998, the 
steam electric industry category has been subject to Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) reporting requirements.

The TSCA regulations specify procedures for the handling and disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a compound 
found in some transformer and capacitor dielectric fluids. The TSCA regulations also apply to responses to releases of PCBs to 
the environment. The Utilities have instituted procedures to monitor compliance with these regulations and have implemented a 
program to identify and replace PCB transformers and capacitors in their systems. On October 22, 2021, the EPA published its 
proposed rule entitled “Alternate PCB Extraction Methods and Amendments to PCB Cleanup and Disposal Regulations” in the 
Federal Register. The EPA is proposing to expand options for the methods used to characterize and verify the cleanup of PCBs, 
and amend the performance-based disposal option along with other amendments to improve the implementation of the 
regulations, clarify ambiguity, and correct technical errors. The EPA comments period closed on January 20, 2022.

13

Hawaii’s Environmental Response Law (ERL), as amended, governs releases of hazardous substances, including oil, to the 
environment in areas within the state’s jurisdiction. Responsible parties under the ERL are jointly, severally, and strictly liable 
for a release of a hazardous substance. Responsible parties include owners or operators of a facility where a hazardous 
substance is located and any person who at the time of disposal of the hazardous substance owned or operated any facility at 
which such hazardous substance was disposed.

The Utilities periodically discover leaking oil-containing equipment such as USTs, piping, and transformers. Each 
subsidiary reports releases from such equipment when and as required by applicable law and addresses the releases in 
compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

Additional information.  For additional information about Hawaiian Electric, see Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A, Hawaiian 
Electric’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and Hawaiian Electric’s Consolidated Financial 
Statements, including the Notes thereto. 

Properties.  As of December 31, 2021, the Utilities’ ownership in generating assets was as follows:

Property

Hawaiian Electric:

Waiau1
Kahe1
Campbell Industrial Park (CIP)1
Honolulu Power Plant1
Schofield Generating Station2
West Loch PV Project3
Hawaii Electric Light4:

Shipman

Waimea

Keahole

Puna

Hill/Kanoelehua

Distributed generators at substation sites

Maui Electric5:

Kahului

Maalaea

Miki Basin

Palaau

Location 
(island)

Principal Fuel Type

Generating 
Capacity (MW)

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii

Hawaii

Maui

Maui

Lanai

Molokai

LSFO / Diesel

LSFO

Diesel

N/A

Biodiesel / ULSD

Renewable (Solar)

N/A

ULSD

Diesel / ULSD

HSFO / Diesel

HSFO / ULSD

ULSD

HSFO

Diesel / ULSD

ULSD

ULSD

480.8

620.5

129.0

—

49.4

20.0

—

7.5

77.6

36.7

55.4

5.0

35.9

210.4

9.4

12.0

Status

Active

Active

Active

Deactivated in 2014

Active

Active

Retired in 2015

Active

Active

Active

Active

Active

Active

Active

Active

Active

1 The four plants are situated on Hawaiian Electric-owned land having a combined area of 542 acres.
2 Hawaiian Electric has a 35-year land lease on 8.13 acres, effective September 1, 2016 (with an option to extend an additional 10 years), with the Department 
of the Army.
3 Hawaiian Electric has a 37-year land lease on 102 acres, effective July 1, 2017, with the Secretary of the Navy.
4 The plants are situated on Hawaii Electric Light-owned land having a combined area of approximately 44 acres. The distributed generators are located within 
Hawaii Electric Light-owned substation sites having a combined area of approximately four acres.
5 The four plants are situated on Maui Electric-owned land having a combined area of 60.7 acres.

14

As of December 31, 2021, the Utilities’ ownership in fuel storage facilities was as follows:

Facility

Hawaiian Electric:

Barbers Point Tank Farm

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Hawaii Electric Light1:

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Maui Electric2:

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Generation sites - various (in aggregate)

Location 
(island)

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Oahu

Hawaii

Hawaii

Maui

Maui

Fuel Type

LSFO

LSFO

Diesel

Biodiesel

HSFO

Diesel

HSFO

Diesel

Capacity (barrels 
in thousands)

Generation Serviced

1,000

770

132

11

48

82

81

95

Kahe, Waiau

Various

Various

Various

Various

Various

Various

Various

1 There are an additional 19,200 barrels of diesel and 24,770 barrels of HSFO storage capacity for Hawaii Electric Light-owned fuel off-site at Island Energy 
Services, LLC-owned terminalling facilities.
2 There are an additional 56,358 barrels of diesel oil storage capacity off-site at Aloha Petroleum, Ltd-owned terminalling facilities.

Other properties.  The Utilities own overhead transmission and distribution lines, underground cables, pole (some jointly) 

and metal high voltage towers. Electric lines are located over or under public and nonpublic properties. 

Hawaiian Electric owns a total of 132 acres of land on which substations, transformer vaults, distribution baseyards and the 
Kalaeloa cogeneration facility are located. Hawaiian Electric also owns buildings and approximately 11.6 acres of land located 
in Honolulu, which house its operating and engineering departments. It also leases an office building and certain office spaces 
in Honolulu, land for office spaces and storage in Pearl City, and a warehousing center in Kapolei.

Hawaii Electric Light owns 6 acres of land in Kona, which is used for a baseyard, and one acre of land in Hilo, which 
houses its accounting, customer services and administrative offices. Hawaii Electric Light also leases 3.7 acres of land for its 
baseyard in Hilo under a lease expiring in 2030. In addition, Hawaii Electric Light owns a total of approximately 100 acres of 
land, and leases a total of approximately 8.5 acres of land, on which hydro facilities, substations and switching stations, 
microwave facilities and transmission lines are located. The deeds to the sites located in Hilo contain certain restrictions, but the 
restrictions do not materially interfere with the use of the sites for public utility purposes.

Maui Electric’s administrative offices, as well as its engineering and distribution departments, are situated on 9.1 acres of 

Maui Electric-owned land in Kahului. Maui Electric also owns approximately 18 acres of land which house some of its 
substations, leases approximately 3,600 square feet of land for its telecommunication and microwave facilities, leases 
approximately 6,000 square feet of land at Kahului Harbor for pipeline purposes, and leases 17,958 square feet of land at 
Puunene for the Puunene Substation. Maui Electric also owns approximately 89 acres of undeveloped land at Waena, Palaau, 
and Kahului. Fuel storage facilities are located on Maui Electric-owned properties at Kahului Baseyard, Kahului Power Plant, 
Maalaea Power Plant, Miki Basin, Palaau, and Hana. Two, 1-MW stand-by diesel generators are located within the Maui 
Electric-owned land at Hana Substation.  

See “Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries and service areas” above for a discussion of the nonexclusive franchises of 

Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries. 

See “Generation statistics” above for a further discussion of some of the electric utility properties.

Bank

General.  ASB is one of the largest financial institutions headquartered in the State of Hawaii with assets of $9.2 billion and 
deposits of $8.2 billion, as of December 31, 2021. ASB is a full-service community bank that serves both consumer and 
commercial customers and operates 42 branches on the islands of Oahu (29), Maui (6), Hawaii (4), Kauai (2), and Molokai (1).

In 2021, ASB’s revenues and net income amounted to approximately 11% and 41% of HEI’s consolidated revenues and net 

income, respectively, compared to approximately 12% and 29% in 2020 and approximately 11% and 41% in 2019.

At the time of HEI’s acquisition of ASB, HEI agreed with the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS), Department of 

Treasury’s predecessor regulatory agency, that ASB’s regulatory capital would be maintained at a level of at least 6% of ASB’s 
total liabilities, or at such greater amount as may be required from time to time by regulation. Under the agreement, HEI’s 

15

obligation to contribute additional capital to ensure that ASB would have the capital level required by the OTS was limited to a 
maximum aggregate amount of approximately $65.1 million. As of December 31, 2021, as a result of certain HEI contributions 
of capital to ASB over the years, HEI’s maximum obligation under the agreement to contribute additional capital has been 
reduced to approximately $28.3 million. ASB is subject to OCC regulations on dividends and other distributions and ASB must 
receive a letter from the FRB communicating the OCC’s and FRB’s non-objection to the payment of any dividend ASB 
proposes to declare and pay to ASB Hawaii and HEI. In addition to OCC oversight, federal law and Federal Reserve Board 
policy require that HEI, as a savings and loan holding company, serve as a source of financial and managerial strength for any 
FDIC-insured depository institution that it controls. Accordingly, if ASB were to be in financial distress or to otherwise be 
viewed by the regulators as in unsatisfactory condition, HEI could be required to provide additional capital or liquidity support 
or take other action, in support of ASB.

Lending activities. See Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for the composition of ASB’s loan portfolio.

Origination, purchase and sale of loans.  Generally, residential and commercial real estate loans originated by ASB are 
collateralized by real estate located in Hawaii. For additional information, including information concerning the geographic 
distribution of ASB’s mortgage-backed securities portfolio and the geographic concentration of credit risk, see Note 15 of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements. The demand for loans is primarily dependent on the Hawaii real estate market, business 
conditions, interest rates and loan refinancing activity.

Residential mortgage lending.  ASB originates fixed rate and adjustable rate loans secured by single family residential 
property, including investor-owned properties, with maturities of up to 30 years. ASB’s general policy is to require private 
mortgage insurance when the loan-to-value ratio of the property exceeds 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase 
price at origination. For non-owner-occupied residential property purchases, the loan-to-value ratio typically may not exceed 
75% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination.

Construction and development lending.  ASB provides fixed rate loans for the construction of one-to-four unit residential 

and commercial properties. Construction loan projects are typically short term in nature. Construction and development 
financing generally involves a higher degree of credit risk than long-term financing on improved, occupied real estate. 
Accordingly, construction and development loans are generally priced higher than loans collateralized by completed structures. 
ASB’s underwriting, monitoring and disbursement practices with respect to construction and development financing are 
designed to ensure sufficient funds are available to complete construction projects. See “Bank—Loan portfolio risk elements” 
in HEI’s MD&A and “Multifamily residential and commercial real estate lending” below.

Multifamily residential and commercial real estate lending.  ASB provides permanent financing and construction and 
development financing collateralized by multifamily residential properties (including apartment buildings) and collateralized by 
commercial and industrial properties (including office buildings, shopping centers and warehouses) for its own portfolio as well 
as for participation with other lenders. Commercial real estate lending typically involves long lead times to originate and fund. 
As a result, production results can vary significantly from period to period.

Consumer lending.  ASB offers a variety of secured and unsecured consumer loans. Loans collateralized by deposits are 

limited to 90% of the available account balance. ASB offers home equity lines of credit, clean energy loans, secured and 
unsecured VISA cards (through a third party issuer), checking account overdraft protection and other general purpose consumer 
loans.

Commercial lending.  ASB provides both secured and unsecured commercial loans to business entities. This lending 

activity is designed to diversify ASB’s asset structure, shorten maturities, improve rate sensitivity of the loan portfolio and 
attract commercial checking deposits. ASB offers commercial loans with terms generally up to ten years.

Loan origination fee and servicing income.  In addition to interest earned on residential mortgage loans, ASB receives 
income from servicing loans, for late payments and from other related services. Servicing fees are received on loans originated 
and subsequently sold by ASB where ASB acts as collection agent on behalf of third-party purchasers.

ASB charges the borrower at loan settlement a loan origination fee. See “Loans” in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial 

Statements.

Deposits and sources of funds.  Deposits continue to be the largest source of funds for ASB for use in lending, meeting 
liquidity requirements and making investments, and are affected by market interest rates, competition and management’s 
responses to these factors. While deposits have increased by $785 million in 2021 in part due to PPP loan proceeds and 
consumer economic impact payments from the CARES Act stimulus program, deposit retention and sustained growth will 
remain challenging in the current environment due to the low level of short-term interest rates. ASB borrows on a short-term 
basis to compensate for seasonal or other reductions in deposit flows. ASB may borrow on a longer-term basis to support 
expanded lending or investment activities. Advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of Des Moines and securities 

16

sold under agreements to repurchase continue to be additional sources of funds, but they are a higher cost funding source than 
deposits.

Competition.  The banking industry in Hawaii is highly competitive. At December 31, 2021, there were 7 financial institutions 
insured by the FDIC headquartered in the State of Hawaii. While ASB is one of the largest financial institutions in Hawaii, 
based on total assets, ASB faces vigorous competition for deposits and loans from two larger banking institutions based in 
Hawaii and from smaller institutions that heavily promote their services in niche areas, such as providing financial services to 
small and medium-sized businesses, as well as national financial services organizations. Competition for loans and deposits 
comes primarily from other savings institutions, commercial banks, credit unions, securities brokerage firms, money market and 
mutual funds and other investment alternatives. ASB faces additional competition in seeking deposit funds from various types 
of corporate and government borrowers, including insurance companies. Competition for origination of mortgage loans comes 
primarily from mortgage banking and brokerage firms, commercial banks, other savings institutions, insurance companies and 
real estate investment trusts. These entities may have a physical presence in the State of Hawaii or operate from out of state and 
provide online services. See also “Bank—Executive overview and strategy” in HEI’s MD&A.

To remain competitive and continue building core franchise value, ASB continues to develop and introduce new products 

and services to meet the needs of its consumer and commercial customers. Additionally, the banking industry is constantly 
changing and ASB is making the investment in its people and technology necessary to adapt and remain competitive. 

The primary factors in ASB’s competition for mortgage and other loans are the competitive interest rates and loan 

origination fees it charges, the wide variety of loan programs it offers and the quality and efficiency of the services it provides 
to borrowers and the business community. ASB believes that it is able to compete for such loans primarily through the 
competitive interest rates and loan fees it charges, the type of mortgage loan programs it offers and the efficiency and quality of 
the services it provides to individual borrowers and the business community.

The primary factors in competing for deposits are interest rates, the quality and range of services offered, marketing, 
convenience of locations, hours of operation, availability and functionality of other non-branch channels such as online and 
mobile banking and perceptions of the institution’s financial soundness and safety. To compete effectively, ASB offers a 
variety of savings and checking accounts at competitive rates, convenient business hours, convenient branch locations with 
interbranch deposit and withdrawal privileges at each branch, convenient automated teller machines and other banking options 
including online and mobile banking platforms. ASB also conducts advertising and promotional campaigns.

ASB has been diversifying its loan portfolio from single-family home mortgages to higher-spread, shorter-duration 
consumer, commercial and commercial real estate loans. The origination of consumer, commercial and commercial real estate 
loans involves risks and other considerations different from those associated with originating residential real estate loans. For 
example, the sources and level of competition may be different and credit risk is generally higher than for residential mortgage 
loans. These different risk factors are considered in the underwriting and pricing standards and in the allowance for credit losses 
established by ASB for its consumer, commercial and commercial real estate loans. 

Regulation.  ASB, a federally chartered saving bank, is subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by the 
Department of Treasury, OCC and the FDIC, and is subject to reserve requirements established by the Board of Governors of 
the Federal Reserve System. Regulation by these agencies focuses in large measure on the adequacy of ASB’s capital and the 
results of periodic “safety and soundness” examinations conducted by the OCC. In addition, ASB’s holding companies are 
subject to the regulatory supervision of the FRB. See “HEI Consolidated–Regulation” above.

Changes to Community Bank Leverage Ratio. In April 2020, the federal bank regulatory agencies issued two interim final 

rules to implement Section 4012 of the CARES Act, which requires the agencies to temporarily lower the community bank 
leverage ratio to 8 percent. The two rules modify the community bank leverage ratio framework so that:

•

•

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020 and until the end of 2020, a banking organization that has a leverage ratio of 8 
percent or greater and meets certain other criteria may elect to use the community bank leverage ratio framework; and
Community banking organizations will have until January 1, 2022 before the community bank leverage ratio 
requirement is re-established at greater than 9 percent.

Under the interim final rules, the community bank leverage ratio requirement was 8 percent beginning in the second quarter 

of 2020 and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5 percent for calendar year 2021, and 9 percent thereafter. The interim 
final rules also maintained a two-quarter grace period for a qualifying community banking organization whose leverage ratio 
falls no more than 1 percent below the applicable community bank leverage ratio.

In the second quarter of 2020, ASB had adopted the community bank leverage ratio framework and reported its Tier 1 
leverage ratio only. Beginning in the third quarter of 2021, ASB began reporting all of the required capital ratios as the Bank 
did not meet the requirements of the community bank leverage ratio framework. With Tier 1 leverage, common equity, Tier 1 

17

capital and total capital ratios of 7.9%, 13.3%, 13.3% and 14.3%, respectively as of December 31, 2021, ASB’s regulatory 
capital ratios exceeded the minimum regulatory capital requirements of 4.0%, 4.5%, 6.0% and 8.0%, respectively.

See “Bank—Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A for the final capital rules under the Basel III regulatory capital 

framework.

Examinations.  ASB is subject to periodic “safety and soundness” examinations and other examinations by the OCC. 

In conducting its examinations, the OCC utilizes the Uniform Financial Institutions Rating System adopted by the Federal 
Financial Institutions Examination Council, which system utilizes the “CAMELS” criteria for rating financial institutions. The 
six components in the rating system are: Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management, Earnings, Liquidity and Sensitivity to 
market risk. The OCC examines and rates each CAMELS component. An overall CAMELS rating is also given, after taking 
into account all of the component ratings. A financial institution may be subject to formal regulatory or administrative direction 
or supervision such as a “memorandum of understanding” or a “cease and desist” order following an examination if its 
CAMELS rating is not satisfactory. An institution is prohibited from disclosing the OCC’s report of its safety and soundness 
examination or the component and overall CAMELS rating to any person or organization not officially connected with the 
institution as an officer, director, employee, attorney or auditor, except as provided by regulation. The OCC also regularly 
examines ASB’s information technology practices and its performance under Community Reinvestment Act measurement 
criteria.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended, addresses the safety and soundness of the deposit insurance system, 
supervision of depository institutions and improvement of accounting standards. Pursuant to this Act, federal banking agencies 
have promulgated regulations that affect the operations of ASB and its holding companies (e.g., standards for safety and 
soundness, real estate lending, accounting and reporting, transactions with affiliates and loans to insiders).

Deposit insurance coverage.  The Federal Deposit Insurance Act, as amended, and regulations promulgated by the FDIC, 

govern insurance coverage of deposit accounts. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act permanently raised the current standard 
maximum deposit insurance amount to $250,000. Generally, the amount of all deposits held by a depositor in the same capacity 
(even if held in separate accounts) is aggregated for purposes of applying the insurance limit.

See “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a 

discussion of FDIC deposit insurance assessment rates.

Recent legislation and issuances.  See “Bank–Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A.

Affiliate transactions.  Significant restrictions apply to certain transactions between ASB and its affiliates, including HEI 

and its direct and indirect subsidiaries. For example, ASB is prohibited from making any loan or other extension of credit to an 
entity affiliated with ASB unless the affiliate is engaged exclusively in activities which the FRB has determined to be 
permissible for bank holding companies. There are also various other restrictions which apply to certain transactions between 
ASB and certain executive officers, directors and insiders of ASB. ASB is also barred from making a purchase of or any 
investment in securities issued by an affiliate, other than with respect to shares of a subsidiary of ASB.

Financial derivatives and interest rate risk.  ASB is subject to OCC rules relating to derivatives activities, such as interest 
rate swaps, interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments. See “Derivative financial instruments” in Note 4 of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of interest rate lock commitments and forward commitments used by ASB. 
Currently ASB does not use interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk, but may do so in the future. Generally speaking, the 
OCC rules permit financial institutions to engage in transactions involving financial derivatives to the extent these transactions 
are otherwise authorized under applicable law and are safe and sound. The rules require ASB to have certain internal 
procedures for handling financial derivative transactions, including involvement of the ASB Board of Directors.

Management believes ASB’s interest rate risk processes are aligned with the Interagency Advisory on Interest Rate Risk 

Management and appropriate with earnings and capital levels, balance sheet complexity, business model and risk tolerance.

Liquidity.  OCC regulations require ASB to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure safe and sound operations. ASB’s 
principal sources of liquidity are customer deposits, borrowings, the maturity and repayment of portfolio loans and securities 
and the sale of loans into secondary market channels. ASB’s principal sources of borrowings are advances from the FHLB of 
Des Moines and securities sold under agreements to repurchase from broker/dealers. ASB is approved by the FHLB of Des 
Moines to borrow an amount of up to 35% of assets to the extent it provides qualifying collateral and holds sufficient FHLB of 
Des Moines stock. As of December 31, 2021, ASB’s unused FHLB of Des Moines borrowing capacity was approximately 
$2.0 billion. ASB utilizes growth in deposits, advances from the FHLB of Des Moines and securities sold under agreements to 
repurchase to fund maturing and withdrawable deposits, repay maturing borrowings, fund existing and future loans and make 
investments. As of December 31, 2021, ASB had loan commitments, undisbursed loan funds and unused lines and letters of 

18

credit of $1.9 billion. Management believes ASB’s current sources of funds will enable it to meet these obligations while 
maintaining liquidity at satisfactory levels.

Supervision.  The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991 (the FDICIA) establishes a statutory 

framework that is triggered by the capital level of a financial institution and subjects it to progressively more stringent 
restrictions and supervision as capital levels decline. The prompt corrective action capital requirements establish thresholds for 
varying degrees of oversight and intervention by regulators. Declines in levels of capital, depending on their severity, will result 
in increasingly stringent mandatory and discretionary regulatory consequences. Capital levels may decline for any number of 
reasons, including reductions that would result if there were losses from operations, deterioration in collateral values or the 
inability to dispose of real estate owned (typically acquired by foreclosure). The regulators have substantial discretion in the 
corrective actions they might direct and could include restrictions on dividends and other distributions that ASB may make to 
HEI (through ASB Hawaii) and the requirement that ASB develop and implement a plan to restore its capital. The OCC 
rules implement the system of prompt corrective action. In particular, the rules define the relevant capital measures for the 
categories of “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” and “critically 
undercapitalized.” As of December 31, 2021, ASB was “well-capitalized.”

Interest rates.  FDIC regulations restrict the ability of financial institutions that are undercapitalized to offer interest rates 
on deposits that are significantly higher than the rates offered by competing institutions. As of December 31, 2021, ASB was 
“well capitalized” and thus not subject to these interest rate restrictions.

Qualified thrift lender test.  ASB is a “qualified thrift lender” (QTL) under its federal thrift charter and, in order to maintain 

this status, ASB is required to maintain at least 65% of its assets in “qualified thrift investments,” measured on a monthly 
average basis in 9 out of the previous 12 months, which include housing-related loans (including mortgage-backed securities) as 
well as certain small business loans, education loans, loans made through credit card accounts and a basket (not exceeding 20% 
of total assets) of other consumer loans and other assets. Institutions that fail to maintain QTL status are subject to various 
penalties, including limitations on their activities. In ASB’s case, the activities of HEI, ASB Hawaii and HEI’s other 
subsidiaries would also be subject to restrictions if ASB failed to maintain its QTL status, and a failure or inability to comply 
with those restrictions could effectively result in the required divestiture of ASB. As of December 31, 2021, and at all times 
during 2021, ASB was a qualified thrift lender.

Federal Home Loan Bank System.  ASB is a member of the FHLB System, which consists of 11 regional FHLBs, and 
ASB’s regional bank is the FHLB of Des Moines. The FHLB System provides a central credit facility for member institutions. 
Historically, the FHLBs have served as the central liquidity facilities for savings associations and sources of long-term funds 
for financing housing. At such time as an advance is made to ASB or renewed, it must be collateralized by collateral from one 
of the following categories: (1) fully disbursed, whole first mortgages on improved residential property, or securities 
representing a whole interest in such mortgages; (2) securities issued, insured or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any 
agency thereof; (3) FHLB deposits; and (4) other real estate-related collateral that has a readily ascertainable value and with 
respect to which a security interest can be perfected. The aggregate amount of outstanding advances collateralized by such other 
real estate-related collateral may not exceed 300% of ASB’s capital.

 ASB’s required holding in the stock of the FHLB is both membership and activity-based. Membership is based on a 
percentage of total assets (0.12%) while the portion related to activity is based on a percentage of outstanding activity, mainly 
advances (4%). As of December 31, 2021, ASB was required and owned capital stock in the FHLB of Des Moines in the 
amount of $10.0 million.

Community Reinvestment.  The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) requires financial institutions to help meet the credit 

needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income areas, consistent with safe and sound lending practices. The 
OCC will consider ASB’s CRA record in evaluating an application for a new deposit facility, including the establishment of a 
branch, the relocation of a branch or office, or the acquisition of an interest in another bank. ASB currently holds a 
“satisfactory” CRA rating.

Other laws.  ASB is subject to federal and state consumer protection laws which affect deposit and lending activities, such 
as the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures 
Act, the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and several federal and state financial privacy acts intended to protect consumers’ 
personal information and prevent identity theft, such as the Gramm Act and the Fair and Accurate Transactions Act. ASB is 
also subject to federal laws regulating certain of its lending practices, such as the Flood Disaster Protection Act, and laws 
requiring reports to regulators of certain customer transactions, such as the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act 
and the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act. ASB’s relationship with Cetera 
Investment Services LLC and Cetera Investment Advisers LLC is also governed by regulations adopted by the FRB under the 
Gramm Act, which regulate “networking” relationships under which a financial institution refers customers to a broker-dealer 

19

for securities services and employees of the financial institution are permitted to receive a nominal fee for the referrals. These 
laws may provide for substantial penalties in the event of noncompliance.

Proposed legislation.  See the discussion of proposed legislation in “Bank–Legislation and regulation” in HEI’s MD&A.

Environmental regulation.  ASB may be subject to the provisions of Comprehensive Environmental Response, 
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), Hawaii Environmental Response Law (ERL) and regulations promulgated 
thereunder, which impose liability for environmental cleanup costs on certain categories of responsible parties. CERCLA and 
ERL exempt persons whose ownership in a facility is held primarily to protect a security interest, provided that they do not 
participate in the management of the facility.

Additional information.  For additional information about ASB, see the sections under “Bank” in HEI’s MD&A, HEI’s 
“Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” and HEI’s Consolidated Financial Statements, including Note 4 
thereto.

Properties.  ASB owns or leases several office buildings in Honolulu and owns land on which a number of its branches are 
located.

The following table sets forth the number of bank branches owned and leased by ASB by island:

December 31, 2021

Oahu
Maui
Hawaii
Kauai
Molokai

Number of branches
Leased

Total

Owned

10 
2 
3 
1 
— 
16 

19 
4 
1 
1 
1 
26 

29 
6 
4 
2 
1 
42 

As of December 31, 2021, the net book value (NBV) of branches and office facilities was $175 million ($168 million 

represents the NBV of the land and improvements for the branches and office facilities owned by ASB and $7 million 
represents the NBV of ASB’s leasehold improvements). As of December 31, 2020, the NBV of branches and office facilities 
was $180 million ($174 million represents the NBV of the land and improvements for the branches and office facilities owned 
by ASB and $6 million represents the NBV of ASB’s leasehold improvements). The leases expire on various dates through 
December 2040, but many of the leases have extension provisions.

As of December 31, 2021, ASB owned 122 automated teller machines.

In January and February 2022, ASB closed three branches (one each on the islands of Oahu, Maui and Hawaii) that are 

owned by the Bank.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS

The businesses of HEI and its subsidiaries involve numerous risks which, if realized, could have a material and adverse 
effect on the Company’s financial statements. For additional information for certain risk factors enumerated below and other 
risks of the Company and its operations, see “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” above and HEI’s 
MD&A, HEI’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” the Notes to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements, Hawaiian Electric’s MD&A and Hawaiian Electric’s “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market 
Risk.”

Holding company and company-wide risks.

COVID-19—Our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations are being and could continue to be 
adversely impacted by the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.  Due to the numerous country, state, city and local 
jurisdictions that have imposed “shelter-in-place” orders or other restrictions in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including 
travel restrictions that directly impact the Hawaii economy, economic activity in the state has been adversely impacted. While 
many restrictions have been subsequently lifted as vaccination rates increased and new daily case counts moderated, leading to 
improved economic conditions, new COVID-19 variants, such as Omicron, could require a reinstatement of restrictions that 
would threaten the ongoing economic recovery. Until the economy recovers more broadly, the Utilities expect that demand for 
electricity will remain muted and past due accounts receivables at the Utilities could remain at an elevated level, which has an 
impact on liquidity. While the Utilities expect to recover the difference between PUC approved target revenues and recorded 
adjusted revenues (regardless of the level of kWh sales) through the revenue balancing account under the decoupling 
mechanism based on estimated sales, starting on January 1st of the following year, the collection occurs on a lagged basis. If the 

20

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
difference to be collected, which needs to be financed in the interim, exceeds the Utilities’ current liquidity sources, there can 
be no assurance that the Utilities will be able to secure additional liquidity sources at a reasonable cost, or at all, or if the 
difference becomes so large that it would result in a significant increase in customer bills, whether the PUC will allow recovery 
of such difference through the revenue balancing account. In addition to lower and lagged collections, the COVID-19 pandemic 
has also resulted in higher costs and expenses. While the Utilities have been granted deferral treatment of certain COVID-19 
related costs, such as higher bad debt expense, non-collection of late payment fees, higher financing costs, sequestration costs 
for mission-critical employees and other costs and expenses, there can be no assurance that the PUC will grant recovery of such 
costs, and such costs could be material. Additionally, in light of the significant impact that economic conditions have had on 
residents and businesses in the state, a stipulated settlement between Hawaiian Electric and the Division of Consumer 
Advocacy of the Department of Commerce and Consumer Affairs, reflecting no base rate increase, was submitted in the 
Hawaiian Electric 2020 test year rate case, and approved by the PUC in October 2020. While the Utilities were successful in 
offsetting the no base rate increase with corresponding cost decreases in 2021, such reduction of cost in future periods is not 
assured and, therefore, the inability to achieve targeted cost savings could adversely affect the Utilities’ results of operations in 
future periods. 

ASB’s net interest income has also been adversely impacted by lower interest rates across the curve, which are influenced 

by economic conditions. Accordingly, an extended economic slowdown could have a significant continuing impact on its net 
interest income. In addition, while economic conditions improved in 2021, COVID-19 variants, such as Omicron, could lead to 
an extended economic slowdown that may affect the ability of borrowers to make payments on their loans, which would have 
an adverse impact on ASB’s provision for credit losses. 

While the Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to continue to operate through this crisis, there can be no 
assurance that sufficient liquidity will be available if the slowdown in economic activity continues for an extended period of 
time or worsens from current levels. 

The Company continues to closely monitor the situation and will continue to take appropriate actions to operate its 

businesses and protect its workforce while serving customers and the community. If the current weakness in economic activity 
persists for an extended period of time or worsens from current levels, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company. 
These effects could include, but are not limited to:

• Disruptions or restrictions on employees’ ability to work effectively due to illness, travel restrictions, quarantines, 

shelter-in-place orders or other limitations.

• The inability of customers, IPPs, contractors, suppliers, creditors and other business partners to fulfill their obligations 

due to various factors, including, but not limited to, supply chain disruptions, labor shortages and wage inflation, 
which could result in unanticipated project costs. For example, several IPPs have declared force majeure, citing the 
pandemic, which could potentially result in significant project delays or project cancellations. In addition, several of 
the recently procured renewable projects have experienced delays or have been declared null and void by the 
independent power producers due to a number of issues, including supply chain disruptions.

• Disruption and volatility in the global credit and financial markets, which may increase the cost of capital and could 

adversely impact access to capital for the Company and its customers and suppliers.

• Further deterioration in economic conditions, or an extension of slow economic activity, which negatively impacts the 
Company’s earnings and liquidity, could also result in an impairment in the carrying value of goodwill or long-lived 
assets. 

• Actions taken or may be taken, or decisions made or may be made by the Company, as a consequence of the 

COVID-19 pandemic, may result in legal claims or litigation against the Company.

Due to the unprecedented nature of the pandemic and the significant uncertainty it creates, including the unknown severity 
and duration of the pandemic and the resulting impact it may have on Hawaii businesses and residents of the state, which could 
also be affected by the pace of distribution, administration, and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine against variants, as well as 
the proportion of the population vaccinated and boosted, the Company is unable to predict the full extent of the future impact on 
the Company’s businesses at this time, and those impacts could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of 
operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Holding Company Risk—HEI is a holding company that derives its income from its operating subsidiaries and depends on 
the ability of those subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to HEI and on its own ability to raise capital.  HEI 
is a legal entity separate and distinct from its various subsidiaries. As a holding company with no significant operations of its 
own, HEI’s cash flows and consequent ability to service its obligations and pay dividends on its common stock is dependent 
upon its receipt of dividends or other distributions from its operating subsidiaries and its ability to issue common stock or other 
equity securities and to incur additional debt. The ability of HEI’s subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to 
HEI, in turn, is subject to the risks associated with their operations and to contractual and regulatory restrictions, including:

21

•

•

•

•

•

•

the provisions of an HEI agreement with the PUC, which could limit the ability of HEI’s principal electric public 
utility subsidiary, Hawaiian Electric, to pay dividends to HEI in the event that the consolidated common stock equity 
of the Utilities falls below 35% of total capitalization of the electric utilities;
the provisions of an HEI agreement entered into with federal bank regulators in connection with its acquisition of its 
bank subsidiary, ASB, which requires HEI to contribute additional capital to ASB (up to a maximum amount of 
additional capital of $28.3 million as of December 31, 2021 under the Regulatory Capital Maintenance/Dividend 
Agreement dated May 26, 1988, between HEI, HEIDI (HEI Diversified Inc.) and the Federal Savings and Loan 
Insurance Corporation) upon request of the regulators in order to maintain ASB’s regulatory capital at the level 
required by regulation;
obligations under federal law and Federal Reserve Board policy, which require that a savings and loan holding 
company serve as a source of financial and managerial strength for any FDIC-insured depository institution that it 
controls, and accordingly, if ASB were to be in financial distress or to otherwise be viewed by the regulators as in 
unsatisfactory condition, HEI could be required to provide additional capital or liquidity support or take other action, 
in support of ASB;
the minimum capital and capital distribution regulations of the OCC that are applicable to ASB and capital regulations 
that become applicable to HEI and ASB Hawaii;
the receipt of a letter from the FRB communicating the OCC’s and the FRB’s non-objection to the payment of any 
dividend ASB proposes to declare and pay to ASB Hawaii and HEI; and
the provisions of preferred stock resolutions and debt instruments of HEI and its subsidiaries.

Credit and Capital Market Risk—The Company, and its credit rating, is subject to risks associated with the Hawaii 

economy (in the aggregate and on an individual island basis), volatile U.S. capital markets and changes in the interest rate and 
credit market environment that have or could result in higher retirement benefit plan funding requirements, declines in ASB’s 
interest rate margins and investment values, higher delinquencies and charge-offs in ASB’s loan portfolio and restrictions on 
the ability of HEI or its subsidiaries to borrow money or issue securities.  The two largest components of Hawaii’s economy are 
tourism and the federal government (including the military). Because the core businesses of HEI’s subsidiaries are providing 
local public electric utility services (through Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries) and banking services (through ASB) in 
Hawaii, the Company’s operating results are significantly influenced by: Hawaii’s economy, which in turn is influenced by 
economic conditions in the mainland U.S. (particularly California) and Asia (particularly Japan) as a result of the impact of 
those conditions on tourism; by the impact of interest rates on the construction and real estate industries and by the impact of 
federal government spending in Hawaii, which can be affected by world conditions; and, from time to time, the expiration of 
federal government appropriations bills. In addition, the Hawaii economy could be directly or indirectly affected by 
implications and potential impacts of U.S. and foreign capital and credit market conditions and federal, state and international 
responses to those conditions and the potential impacts of global and local developments (including economic conditions and 
uncertainties; unrest, terrorist acts, wars, conflicts, political protests, deadly virus epidemic, pandemics, or other crisis; the 
effects of changes that have or may occur in U.S. policy, such as with respect to immigration and trade).

HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s securities ratings only reflect the view, at the time the ratings are issued, of the applicable 
rating agency. There is no assurance that any such credit rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that such 
rating will not be lowered, suspended or withdrawn entirely by the applicable rating agency if, in such rating agency’s 
judgment, circumstances, such as current, past or future effects or events so warrant. Any such lowering, suspension or 
withdrawal of any rating may have an adverse effect on the availability of capital to the Company or the market price or 
marketability of HEI’s and/or Hawaiian Electric’s securities, which could increase the cost of capital of HEI and Hawaiian 
Electric, and such increased costs, including interest charges, under HEI’s and/or Hawaiian Electric’s debt securities and credit 
facilities, would result in reductions in HEI’s consolidated net income in future periods. Further, if HEI’s or Hawaiian Electric’s 
commercial paper ratings were to be downgraded, HEI and Hawaiian Electric might not be able to sell commercial paper and 
might be required to draw on more expensive bank lines of credit or to defer capital or other expenditures. Neither HEI nor 
Hawaiian Electric management can predict future rating agency actions or their effects on the future cost of capital of HEI or 
Hawaiian Electric. Such ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any securities; such ratings may be subject to 
revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies; and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other 
rating.

Changes in the U.S. capital markets can also have significant effects on the Company. For example, pension funding 
requirements are affected by the market performance of the assets in the master pension trust maintained for pension plans, and 
by the discount rate used to estimate the service and interest cost components of net periodic pension cost and value obligations. 
The Utilities’ pension tracking mechanisms help moderate pension expense; however, a significant reduction in the discount 
rate or in the value of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan assets could result in a substantial increase in the gap 
between the projected benefit obligations under the plans and the value of plan assets, resulting in increases in funding 
requirements.

22

 
Because the earnings of ASB depend primarily on net interest income, interest rate risk is a significant risk of ASB’s 
operations. HEI and the Utilities are also exposed to interest rate risk primarily due to their periodic borrowing requirements, 
the discount rate used to determine pension funding requirements and the possible effect of interest rates on the electric utilities’ 
rates of return. Interest rates are sensitive to many factors, including general economic conditions and the policies of 
government and regulatory authorities. HEI cannot predict future changes in interest rates, nor be certain that interest rate risk 
management strategies it or its subsidiaries have implemented will be successful in managing interest rate risk.

Interest rate risk also represents a market risk factor affecting the fair value of ASB’s investment securities. Increases and 

decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate into decreases and increases in the fair values of those instruments, 
respectively. Disruptions in the credit markets, a liquidity crisis in the banking industry or increased levels of residential 
mortgage delinquencies and defaults may result in decreases in the fair value of ASB’s investment securities and an 
impairment, requiring ASB to write down its investment securities. As of December 31, 2021, ASB’s investment in U.S. 
Treasury, federal agency obligations, and mortgage-backed securities have an implicit guarantee from the U.S. government.

Geographic Concentration Risk—The Company is subject to the risks associated with the geographic concentration of its 
businesses and current lack of interconnections that could result in service interruptions at the Utilities or higher default rates 
on loans held by ASB.  The business of the Utilities is concentrated on the individual islands they serve in the State of Hawaii. 
Their operations are more vulnerable to service interruptions than that of many U.S. mainland utilities because none of the 
systems of the Utilities are interconnected with the systems on the other islands they serve. Because of this lack of 
interconnections, it is necessary to maintain higher generation reserve margins than are typical for U.S. mainland utilities to 
help ensure reliable service. Service interruptions, including in particular extended interruptions that could result from a natural 
disaster or terrorist activity, could adversely impact the revenues and costs of some or all of the Utilities.

Substantially all of ASB’s consumer loan customers are Hawaii residents. A significant portion of the commercial loan 
customers are also located in Hawaii. While a majority of customers are on Oahu, ASB also has customers on the neighbor 
islands (whose economies have been weaker than Oahu’s economy during the last economic downturn). Substantially all of the 
real estate underlying ASB’s residential and commercial real estate loans are located in Hawaii. These assets may be subject to 
a greater risk of default than other comparable assets held by financial institutions with other geographic concentrations in the 
event of adverse economic, political or business developments or natural disasters affecting Hawaii and affect the ability of 
ASB’s customers to make payments of principal and interest on their loans.

Competitive and Technological Risk—Increasing competition and technological advances could cause HEI’s businesses to 

lose customers or render their operations obsolete.  The banking industry in Hawaii, and certain aspects of the electric utility 
industry, are competitive. The success of HEI’s subsidiaries in meeting competition and responding to technological advances 
will continue to have a direct impact on HEI’s consolidated financial performance. For example:

•

•

ASB, one of the largest financial institutions in the state, is in direct competition for deposits and loans not only with 
two larger institutions that have substantial capital, technology and marketing resources, but also with smaller Hawaii 
institutions and other U.S. institutions, including credit unions, mutual funds, mortgage brokers, finance companies, 
non-traditional providers of financial services and investment banking firms. Larger financial institutions may have 
greater access to capital at lower costs, which could impair ASB’s ability to compete effectively. New or significant 
advances in technology (e.g., significant advances in internet or mobile banking) or customer adoption of alternative 
banking channels could render the operations of ASB less competitive or obsolete. 
The Utilities face competition from IPPs; customer self-generation, with or without cogeneration; customer energy 
storage; and the potential formation of community-based, cooperative ownership or municipality structures for 
electrical service on all islands it serves. With the exception of certain identified projects, the Utilities are required to 
use competitive bidding to acquire a future generation resource unless the PUC finds competitive bidding to be 
unsuitable. The PUC sets policies for distributed generation interconnection agreements and standby rates. The results 
of competitive bidding, competition from IPPs, customer self-generation, and potential cooperative ownership or 
municipality structures for electric utility service, and the rate at which technological developments facilitating 
nonutility generation of electricity, combined heat and power technology, off-grid microgrids, and customer energy 
storage may render the operations of the Utilities less competitive or outdated and adversely affect the Utilities and 
the results of their operations. 

Cybersecurity Risk—The Company may be subject to information technology and operational system failures, network 
disruptions, cyber attacks and breaches in data security that could adversely affect its businesses and reputation. The Company 
and its subsidiaries rely on information technology systems, some of which are managed or hosted by third party service 
providers, to manage its business data, communications, and other business processes. Such information technology systems 
may be vulnerable to cyberattacks or other security incidents, which could result in unauthorized access to confidential data, 
ransomware demands or disruptions to operations. In addition, there is increasing cybersecurity risk associated with the broad 

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adoption of a remote working environment as a result of the pandemic. If the Company is unable to prevent or adequately 
respond to and resolve an incident, it may have a material impact on the Company’s operations or business reputation.

Utilities.  The Utilities rely on evolving and increasingly complex operational and information systems, networks and 

other technologies, which are interconnected with the systems and network infrastructure owned by third parties to support a 
variety of business processes and activities, including procurement and supply chain, invoicing and collection of payments, 
customer relationship management, human resource management, the acquisition, generation and delivery of electrical service 
to customers, and to process financial information and results of operations for internal reporting purposes and to comply with 
regulatory financial reporting and legal and tax requirements. The Utilities use their systems and infrastructure to create, collect, 
store, and process sensitive information, including personal information regarding customers, employees and their dependents, 
retirees, and other individuals. Despite the Utilities security measures, all of their systems are vulnerable to disability, failures 
or unauthorized access caused by natural disasters, cybersecurity incidents, security breaches, user error, unintentional defects 
created by system changes, military or terrorist actions, power or communication failures or similar events. Any such failure 
could have a material adverse impact on the Utilities’ ability to process transactions and provide service, as well the Utilities’ 
financial condition and results of operations. Further, a data breach involving theft, improper disclosure, or other unauthorized 
access to or acquisition of confidential information could subject the Utilities to penalties for violation of applicable privacy 
laws, claims by third parties, and enforcement actions by government agencies. A data breach could also reduce the value of 
proprietary information, and harm the reputation of the Utilities.

As noted by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, the utility industry is continuing to experience an increase in the 
frequency and sophistication of cybersecurity incidents. The Utilities’ systems have been, and will likely continue to be, a target 
of attacks. Further, the Utilities’ operational networks may be subject to new cybersecurity risks due to modernizing and 
interconnecting existing infrastructure with new technologies and control systems, including those owned by third parties.  
Although the Utilities have not experienced a material cybersecurity breach to date, such incidents may occur and may have a 
material adverse effect on the Utilities and the Company in the future. In order to address cybersecurity risks to their 
information systems, the Utilities maintain security measures designed to protect their information technology systems, network 
infrastructure and other assets. The Utilities actively monitor developments in the area of cybersecurity and are involved in 
various related government and industry groups, and brief the Company’s Board quarterly on relevant cybersecurity issues. 
Although the Utilities continue to make investments in their cybersecurity program, including personnel, technologies, cyber 
insurance and training of Utilities personnel, there can be no assurance that these systems or their expected functionality will be 
implemented, maintained, or expanded effectively; nor can security measures completely eliminate the possibility of a 
cybersecurity breach. The Utility maintains cyber liability insurance that covers certain damages caused by cyber 
incidents. However, there is no guarantee that adequate insurance will continue to be available at rates the Utility believes are 
reasonable or that the costs of responding to and recovering from a cyber incident will be covered by insurance or recoverable 
in rates. If the Utilities’ cybersecurity measures were to be breached, the Utilities could suffer financial loss, business 
disruptions, liability to customers, regulatory intervention or damage to their reputations.

Due to the size, scope and complexity of the Utilities’ business, the development and maintenance of information 

technology systems to process and track information is critical and challenging. The Utilities often rely on third-party vendors 
to host, maintain, modify, and update its systems and these third-party vendors could cease to exist, fail to establish adequate 
processes to protect the Utilities systems and information, experience supply chain compromises or other internal or external 
security incidents. In addition, the Utilities are pursuing complex business transformation initiatives, which include the 
implementation of new systems and the upgrade or replacement of existing systems. Significant system changes increase the 
risk of system interruptions. Although the Utilities maintain change control processes to mitigate this risk, system interruptions 
may occur. Further, delay or failure to complete the integration of information systems and processes may result in delays in 
regulatory cost recovery, or the failure to realize the benefits anticipated to be derived from these initiatives.

The Utilities have disaster recovery plans in place to protect their businesses from information technology service 
interruptions. The disaster recovery plans, however, may not be successful in preventing the loss of customer data, service 
interruptions and disruptions to operations or damage to important facilities. If any of these systems fail to operate properly or 
becomes disabled and the Utilities’ disaster recovery plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, the Utilities 
could suffer financial loss, business disruptions, liability to customers, regulatory intervention or damage to their reputations, 
any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Utilities’ and the Company’s financial condition and results of 
operations.

ASB.  ASB is highly dependent on its ability to process, on a daily basis, a large number of transactions and relies 

heavily on communication and information systems, including those of third-party vendors and other service providers. 
Communication and information system failures can result from a variety of risks including, but not limited to, events that are 
wholly or partially out of ASB’s control, such as communication line integrity, weather, terrorist acts, natural disasters, 
accidental disasters, unauthorized breaches of security systems, energy delivery systems, cyberattacks and other events.

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ASB is under continuous threat of loss due to cyberattacks, especially as ASB continues to expand customer capabilities to 
utilize the Internet and other digital channels to transact business. Two of the most significant cyberattack risks that ASB faces 
are e-fraud and loss of sensitive customer data. Loss from e-fraud occurs when cybercriminals extract funds directly from 
customers’ or ASB’s accounts using fraudulent schemes that may include Internet-based funds transfers. ASB has been subject 
to e-fraud incidents historically. Loss of sensitive customer data are attempts to steal sensitive customer data, such as account 
numbers and social security numbers, through unauthorized access to computer systems, including computer hacking. Such 
attacks are less frequent, but could present significant reputational, legal and regulatory costs if successful. Intrusion detection 
and prevention systems, anti-virus software, firewalls and other general information technology controls have been put in place 
to detect and prevent cyberattacks or information system breaches. A disaster recovery plan has been developed in the event of 
a natural disaster, security breach, military or terrorist action, power or communication failure or similar event. The disaster 
recovery plan, however, may not be successful in preventing the loss of customer data, service interruptions, disruptions to 
operations or damage to important facilities. Although ASB devotes significant resources to maintain and regularly upgrade its 
systems and processes that are designed to protect the security of ASB’s computer systems, software, networks and other 
technology assets and the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information belonging to ASB and its customers, there 
can be no assurance that such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be 
adequately corrected by ASB or its vendors.

If any of these systems fail to operate properly or become disabled even for a brief period of time, ASB could suffer 
financial loss, business disruptions, liability to customers, regulatory intervention or damage to its reputation, any of which 
could have a material adverse effect on ASB’s and the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Uninsured Losses—HEI’s businesses could suffer losses that are uninsured due to a lack of affordable insurance coverage, 

unavailability of insurance coverage or limitations on the insurance coverage the Company does have.  In the ordinary course 
of business, HEI and its subsidiaries purchase insurance coverages (e.g., property and liability coverages) to protect against loss 
of, or damage to, their properties and against claims made by third parties and employees for property damage or personal 
injuries. However, the protection provided by such insurance is limited in significant respects and, in some instances, there is no 
coverage. Some of the insurance coverages have substantial deductibles or has limits on the maximum amounts that may be 
recovered. In common with other companies in its line of business, the Utilities’ overhead and underground transmission and 
distribution systems (with the exception of substation buildings and contents), which have a replacement value roughly 
estimated at $8 billion, are largely not insured against loss or damage because the amount of transmission and distribution 
system insurance capacity is limited and the premiums are cost prohibitive. Similarly, the Utilities have no business interruption 
insurance as the premiums for such insurance would be cost prohibitive, particularly since the Utilities are not interconnected to 
other systems. If a hurricane or other uninsured catastrophic natural disaster were to occur, and if the PUC did not allow the 
affected Utilities to recover from ratepayers restoration costs and revenues lost from business interruption, the lost revenues and 
repair expenses could result in a significant decrease in HEI’s consolidated net income or in significant net losses for the 
affected periods.

ASB generally does not obtain credit enhancements, such as mortgagor bankruptcy insurance, but does require standard 

hazard and hurricane insurance and may require flood insurance for certain properties. ASB is subject to the risks of borrower 
defaults and bankruptcies, special hazard losses not covered by the required insurance and the insurance company’s inability to 
pay claims on existing policies.

Environmental Regulation—Increased federal and state environmental regulation will require an increasing commitment 

of resources and funds and could result in construction delays or penalties and fines for non-compliance. HEI and its 
subsidiaries are subject to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations relating to air quality, water quality, 
hazardous substances, waste management, natural resources and health and safety, which regulate, among other matters, the 
operation of existing facilities, the construction and operation of new facilities and the proper cleanup and disposal of hazardous 
and toxic wastes and substances. These laws and regulations could result in increased capital, operating, and other costs. HEI or 
its subsidiaries are currently involved in investigatory or remedial actions at current, former or third-party sites and there is no 
assurance that the Company will not incur material costs relating to these sites. In addition, compliance with these legal 
requirements requires the Utilities to commit significant resources and funds toward, among other things, environmental 
monitoring, installation of pollution control equipment and payment of emission fees. These laws and regulations, among other 
things, require that certain environmental permits be obtained in order to construct or operate certain facilities, and obtaining 
such permits can entail significant expense and cause substantial construction delays. Also, these laws and regulations may be 
amended from time to time, including amendments that increase the burden and cost of compliance. For example, emission and/
or discharge limits may be tightened, more extensive permitting requirements may be imposed and additional substances may 
become regulated. In addition, significant regulatory uncertainty exists regarding the impact of federal or state greenhouse gas 
emission limits and reductions.

25

If HEI or its subsidiaries fail to comply with environmental laws and regulations, even if caused by factors beyond their 
control, that failure may result in civil or criminal penalties and fines or the cessation of operations that could have a material 
adverse on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. 

Electric utility risks.

The following risks are generally specific to Hawaiian Electric, but could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s 

consolidated results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. 

Regulatory Risk—Actions of the PUC are outside the control of the Utilities and could result in inadequate or untimely rate 
increases, in rate reductions or refunds or in unanticipated delays, expenses or writedowns in connection with the construction 
of new projects.  The rates the Utilities are allowed to charge for their services and the timeliness of permitted rate increases are 
among the most important items influencing the Utilities’ results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The PUC has 
broad discretion over the rates that the Utilities charge their customers. On December 23, 2020, as part of the D&O establishing 
a new PBR Framework, there will be a five-year Multi-year Rate Period (MRP) during which there will be no general rate 
cases. In the fourth year of the MRP, the PUC will comprehensively review the PBR Framework to determine if any 
modifications or revisions are appropriate. 

Any adverse decision by the PUC concerning the level or method of determining electric utility rates at the end of the 
multi-year rate period including the items and amounts that may be included in rate base, the returns on equity or rate base 
found to be reasonable, the potential consequences of exceeding or not meeting such returns, the denial of exceptional project 
recovery applications during the multi-year rate period, adverse impact of adjustments made to the PBR Framework, decisions 
on recovery of exogenous items under the PBR Framework, or any prolonged delay in rendering a decision in a rate or other 
proceeding could have a material adverse effect on Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated results of operations, financial condition 
and liquidity.

To improve the timing and certainty of the recovery of their costs, the Utilities have proposed and/or received approval of 
various cost recovery mechanisms, including an ECRC (includes a PUC-ordered 98%/2% risk-sharing split between customers 
and the Utilities for fossil fuel price variations from baseline prices, with a current annual aggregate exposure cap of +/- $3.7 
million), a PPAC, and pension and OPEB tracking mechanisms, as well as a decoupling mechanism, an exceptional project 
recovery mechanism (EPRM) (formerly major project interim recovery (MPIR) adjustment mechanism), and a Renewable 
Energy Infrastructure Program (REIP) surcharge. A change in, or the elimination of, any of these cost recovery mechanisms, 
could have a material adverse effect on the Utilities. See “Regulatory mechanisms” in Electric Utility’s Business.

Under the new PBR Framework, the Utilities’ annual revenue adjustment (ARA) includes a customer dividend consisting 
of a negative adjustment of 0.22% compounded annually and a flow through of the “pre-PBR” savings commitment from the 
management audit recommendations developed in the 2020 test year rate case. The ability of the Utilities to recover increasing 
costs and earn a reasonable return on capital investments not covered by the annual revenue adjustment (ARA) or not achieving 
the customer dividend and cost savings commitment could have a material adverse effect on the Utilities. Under the new PBR 
Framework, the existing PIMs continue, and the PUC established new PIMs and is working on additional PIMs with 
stakeholders. Not meeting the PIMs that have penalties for not achieving performance incentive goals or PIMs that would 
contribute to the Utilities’ ability to achieve their allowed ROACEs could have a material adverse effect on the Utilities. 

Based on the current operations of the Utilities and regulatory framework, including the impact of the newly approved PBR 

Framework, the Utilities continue to follow regulatory accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 980. 
Continued accounting in this manner requires that certain criteria relating to the recoverability of such costs through rates be 
met, including achieved financial results that support the recovery of costs. If events or circumstances should change, such that 
the criteria are no longer satisfied, the Utilities expect that their regulatory assets (amounting to $566 million as of 
December 31, 2021), net of regulatory liabilities (amounting to $997 million as of December 31, 2021), would be charged to the 
statement of income in the period of discontinuance. See “Performance-based regulation framework” in Note 3 of the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Utilities could be required to refund to their customers, with interest, revenues that have been or may be received under 
interim rate orders in their rate case proceedings and other proceedings, if and to the extent they exceed the amounts allowed in 
final orders.

Many public utility projects require PUC approval and various permits (e.g., environmental and land use permits) from 
other governmental agencies. Difficulties in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, the necessary approvals or permits, or any 
adverse decision or policy made or adopted, or any prolonged delay in rendering a decision, by an agency with respect to such 
approvals and permits, can result in significantly increased project costs or even cancellation of projects. In the event a project 
does not proceed, or if the PUC disallows cost recovery for all or part of a project, or if project costs exceed caps imposed by 

26

 
the PUC in its approval of the project, project costs may need to be written off in amounts that could result in significant 
reductions in Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated net income. 

There is significant uncertainty around the potential impacts related to the recent surge in COVID-19 and the variant 
strains. See risk factor, “COVID-19—Our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations are being and could 
continue to be adversely impacted by the ongoing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic” in the “Holding company and company-
wide” risk factor section for a discussion regarding the risks related to the recovery of deferred COVID-19 costs and expenses.

Weather Conditions Risk—Electric utility operations are significantly influenced by weather conditions and natural 

disasters.  The Utilities’ results of operations can be affected by the weather and natural disasters. Weather conditions, 
particularly temperature and humidity, directly influence the demand for electricity. In addition, severe weather and natural 
disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis, lava flows and lightning storms, some of which may become more severe 
or frequent as a result of global climate changes, have occurred in the past and will likely continue to occur in the future. When 
these events occur, they can cause outages and property damage and require the Utilities to incur significant additional expenses 
that may not be recoverable.

Climate Change Risk—Electric utility operations may be significantly influenced by climate change.  While the timing, 

extent and ultimate effects of climate change cannot be determined with any certainty, climate change is predicted to result in 
sea level rise, which could potentially impact coastal and other low-lying areas (where much of the Utilities’ electric 
infrastructure is sited), and could cause erosion of beaches, saltwater intrusion into aquifers and surface ecosystems, higher 
water tables and increased flooding and storm damage due to heavy rainfall. The effects of climate change on the weather (for 
example, floods, hurricanes, heat waves or drought conditions, the latter of which could increase wildfire risk), sea levels, and 
water availability and quality, all have the potential to materially adversely affect the results of operations, financial condition 
and liquidity of the Utilities. For example, severe weather and its related impacts could cause significant harm to the Utilities’ 
physical facilities. 

Third Party Performance Risk—Electric utility operations depend heavily on third-party suppliers of fuel and purchased 
power.  The Utilities rely on fuel suppliers and shippers, and IPPs to deliver fuel and power, respectively, in accordance with 
contractual agreements. Approximately 67% of the net energy generated or purchased by the Utilities in 2021 was generated 
from the burning of fossil fuel oil, and purchases of power by the Utilities provided about 48% of their total net energy 
generated and purchased for the same period. Failure or delay by fuel suppliers and shippers to provide fuel pursuant to existing 
contracts, or failure by a major IPP to deliver the firm capacity anticipated in its PPA, could disrupt the ability of the Utilities to 
deliver electricity, affect the Utilities’ maintenance schedules that could affect future reliability and require the Utilities to incur 
additional expenses to meet the needs of their customers that may not be recoverable. In addition, as the IPP contracts near the 
end of their terms, there may be less economic incentive for the IPPs to make investments in their units to ensure the 
availability of their units. Also, as these contractual agreements end, the Utilities may not be able to purchase fuel and power on 
terms equivalent to the current contractual agreements.

Capacity Risk—The capacity provided by the Utilities’ generating resources and third-party purchased power may not be 

sufficient to meet customers’ energy requirements.  The Utilities rely upon their generating resources and purchased power from 
third parties to meet their customers’ energy requirements. The Utilities update their evaluation of long-term generation 
capacity every three years to determine the Utilities’ ability to meet reasonably expected demands for service and provide 
reasonable reserves for emergencies and other unplanned events. These evaluations are impacted by a variety of factors, 
including customer energy demand, energy conservation and efficiency initiatives, economic conditions, and weather patterns. 
If the capacity provided by the Utilities’ generating resources and third-party purchased power is not adequate relative to 
customer demand, the Utilities may have to contract to buy more power from third parties, invest in additional generating 
facilities over the long-term, or extend the operating life of existing utility units. Any failure to meet customer energy 
requirements could negatively impact the satisfaction of the Utilities’ customers, which could have an adverse impact on the 
Utilities’ business, reputation and results of operations. 

Stakeholder Activism Risk—Electric utility and third-party purchased power projects may be significantly impacted by 

stakeholder activism.  The potential impact of stakeholder activism could increase total utility project costs, and delay the 
permitting, construction and overall timing or preclude the completion of third-party or utility projects that are required to meet 
electricity demand, resilience and reliability objectives, and RPS and other climate related goals. If a utility project cannot be 
completed, the project costs may need to be written off in amounts that could result in significant reductions in Hawaiian 
Electric’s consolidated net income and negatively impact its financial condition and liquidity. 

Operational Risk—Electric utility generating facilities are subject to operational risks that could result in unscheduled 

plant outages, unanticipated and/or increased operation and maintenance expenses and increased power purchase costs.  
Operation of electric generating facilities involves certain risks which can adversely affect energy output and efficiency levels. 
Included among these risks are facility shutdowns or power interruptions due to insufficient generation or a breakdown or 

27

failure of equipment or processes. In addition, operations could be negatively impacted by interruptions in fuel supply, inability 
to negotiate satisfactory collective bargaining agreements when existing agreements expire or other labor disputes, inability to 
comply with regulatory or permit requirements, disruptions in delivery of electricity, operator error and catastrophic events such 
as earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, fires, explosions, lava flows, floods or other similar occurrences affecting the Utilities’ 
generating facilities or transmission and distribution systems.

Legislative Risk—The Utilities may be adversely affected by new legislation or administrative actions.  Congress, the 
Hawaii legislature and governmental agencies periodically consider legislation and other initiatives that could have uncertain or 
negative effects on the Utilities and their customers. Congress, the Hawaii legislature and governmental agencies have adopted, 
or are considering adopting, a number of measures that will significantly affect the Utilities, as described below.

Renewable Portfolio Standards law.  In 2015, Hawaii’s RPS law was amended to require electric utilities to meet an 

RPS of 15%, 30%, 40%, 70% and 100% by December 31, 2015, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2045 respectively. Energy savings 
resulting from energy efficiency programs do not count toward the RPS after 2014. The Utilities are committed to achieving 
these goals and met the 2015 and 2020 RPS; however, due to the exclusion of energy savings in calculating RPS after 2014 and 
risks such as potential delays in IPPs being able to deliver contracted renewable energy, it is possible the Utilities may not attain 
the required renewable percentages in the future, and management cannot predict the future consequences of failure to do so 
(including potential penalties to be assessed by the PUC). On December 19, 2008, the PUC approved a penalty of $20 for every 
MWh that an electric utility is deficient under Hawaii’s RPS law. The PUC noted, however, that this penalty may be reduced, in 
the PUC’s discretion, due to events or circumstances that are outside an electric utility’s reasonable control, to the extent the 
event or circumstance could not be reasonably foreseen and ameliorated, as described in the RPS law and in an RPS framework 
adopted by the PUC. In addition, the PUC ordered that the Utilities will be prohibited from recovering any RPS penalty costs 
through rates.

Renewable energy.  In 2007, a measure was passed by the Hawaii legislature stating that the PUC may consider the 

need for increased renewable energy in rendering decisions on utility matters. Due to this measure, it is possible that, if energy 
from a renewable source is more expensive than energy from fossil fuel, the PUC may still approve the purchase of energy from 
the renewable source, resulting in higher costs.

Global climate change and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.  National and international concern about climate 

change and the contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (including carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of 
fossil fuels) to climate change have led to federal legislative and regulatory proposals and action by the state of Hawaii to 
reduce GHG emissions. 

In July 2007, the State Legislature passed Act 234, which requires a statewide reduction of GHG emissions by January 1, 
2020 to levels at or below the statewide GHG emission levels in 1990. On June 20, 2014, the Governor signed the final rules 
required to implement Act 234 and these rules went into effect on June 30, 2014. In general, Act 234 and the GHG rule require 
affected sources that have the potential to emit GHGs in excess of established thresholds to reduce their GHG emissions by 
16% below 2010 emission levels by 2020. In accordance with state requirements, the Utilities submitted an Emissions 
Reduction Plan (ERP) to the DOH on June 30, 2015, with the most recent revision filed on June 9, 2020, to reflect the 
partnership established between the Utilities and several IPPs. In this plan, the partnership committed to a 16% reduction in 
GHG emissions in accordance with the rule, which the partnership achieved in 2017 in advance of the 2020 requirement. The 
DOH issued the air permits incorporating the ERP including provisions to address the period of unavailability of the PGV 
facility on Hawaii Island. It is expected that with the advent of additional renewable projects and the application to the PUC 
with respect to the expansion of the PPA for the PGV project, the goals should be attainable. 

Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 269-6(b) requires that “in making determinations of the reasonableness of the costs 
pertaining to electric or gas utility system capital improvements and operations, the PUC shall explicitly consider, quantitatively 
or qualitatively, the effect of the state’s reliance on fossil fuels on price volatility, export of funds for fuel imports, fuel supply 
reliability risk, and greenhouse gas emissions.” Based on HRS § 269-6(b) and recent case law discussing the scope of this 
section, the Utilities are performing GHG analyses to quantitatively or qualitatively describe the GHG emissions of proposed 
projects that are submitted to the PUC for approval.

In June 2018, House Bill 2182 was signed into law as Act 15 and took effect on July 1, 2018. Among its provisions, Act 15 
aligned the state’s clean energy and carbon sequestration efforts with climate initiative goals and established a statewide carbon 
neutral goal by 2045. Under this Act, efforts would be made to “sequester more atmospheric carbon and greenhouse gases than 
emitted within the state as quickly as practicable, but no later than 2045.” The Hawaii Climate Change Mitigation and 
Adaptation Commission, administratively placed under the State Department of Land and Natural Resources, was charged with 
endeavoring to achieve the target, and giving consideration to the impact of its plans, decisions and strategies on the state’s 
ability to attain the goal. The general functions, duties and powers of the Hawaii Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 
Commission are set forth in HRS § 225P-3. To achieve its mandates, the Hawaii Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 

28

Commission may recommend plans, decisions and strategies that could have an impact on various entities including the 
Utilities. 

The Utilities have taken, and continue to identify opportunities to take, direct action to reduce GHG emissions from their 

operations, including, but not limited to, supporting demand-side management programs that foster energy efficiency, using 
renewable resources for energy production and purchasing power from IPPs generated by renewable resources, and burning 
renewable biodiesel at selected Hawaiian Electric and Maui Electric generating units. In November 2021, the Utilities 
committed to a 70% reduction in power generation GHG emissions by 2030 compared to a 2005 baseline and achievement of 
net zero carbon emissions from power generation by 2045. While the reduction is not mandated by law, the Utilities could 
suffer reputational harm if it fails to achieve its commitments, which may negatively impact its business.

The foregoing legislation or legislation that now is, or may in the future be, proposed, such as potential carbon “cap and 
trade” legislation that, if applicable, may fundamentally alter costs to produce electricity and accelerate the move to renewable 
generation, present risks and uncertainties for the Utilities.

Renewable Transition Risk—The Utilities may be subject to increased operational challenges and their results of 
operations, financial condition and liquidity may be adversely impacted in meeting the commitments and objectives of clean 
energy initiatives, Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) and other climate related goals.  The far-reaching nature of the 
Utilities’ renewable energy commitments and the RPS and other climate related goals present risks to the Company. Among 
such risks are: (1) the potential delay by the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC) in considering (and 
potential disapproval of actual or proposed) renewable energy proposals and related costs; (2) the dependence on outside 
parties, such as the state, developers and third-party suppliers of renewable purchased energy, which if the Utilities are 
unsuccessful in negotiating purchased power agreements with such IPPs or if a major IPP delays or fails to deliver the 
anticipated capacity and/or energy in its purchased power agreement, could impact the Utilities’ achievement of their 
commitments to RPS and other climate related goals, eligibility for performance incentive mechanisms associated with the 
speed of increasing renewable generation, the ability to retire fossil fuel units, and/or the Utilities’ ability to deliver reliable 
service; (3) delays in acquiring or unavailability of non-fossil fuel supplies for renewable generation; (4) the impact of 
intermittent power to the electrical grid and reliability of service if appropriate supporting infrastructure is not installed or does 
not operate effectively; (5) the inability to recover the undepreciated cost of fossil fuel generating units if they are required to be 
retired before the end of their expected useful life; (6) uncertainties surrounding current and future renewable technologies, 
such as solar power, wind power, biofuels, battery storage, hydro, hydrogen, as well as related environmental assessments 
required to meet RPS and other climate related goals; (7) the impacts of implementation of the renewable energy proposals on 
future costs of electricity and potential penalties imposed by the PUC for delays in the commercial operations of renewable 
energy projects; (8) the likelihood that the Utilities may need to make substantial investments in related infrastructure, which 
could result in increased borrowings and, therefore, materially impact the financial condition and liquidity of the Utilities; (9) 
the imputed debt related to the pending renewable power purchase agreements under the stage 1 and stage 2 RFPs could result 
in a credit rating downgrade for the Utilities and the Company; and (10) the commitment to support a variety of initiatives, 
which, if approved by the PUC, may have a material impact on the results of operations and financial condition of the Utilities 
depending on their design and implementation. These initiatives include, but are not limited to, programs to enable more 
customer-sited generation. The implementation of these or other programs may adversely impact the results of operations, 
financial condition and liquidity of the Utilities.

Retirement of the AES coal plant—Hawaiian Electric’s ability to deliver reliable power could be impacted by the 
availability of AES’ coal plant for the remainder of the PPA term and by the availability of other generating units with the 
planned retirement of AES’ coal plant. The AES coal plant provides 180 MW of capacity (approximately 10% of generation) 
on Oahu and is scheduled for retirement on September 1, 2022. The availability of the AES coal plant as well as the availability 
of other IPP and utility units directly affects Hawaiian Electric’s maintenance schedules for its own and other IPP generation 
resources, which in turn could impact Hawaiian Electric’s ability to provide reliable service to its customers. On September 1, 
2022, the PPA with AES will terminate and will not be renewed, which will require replacement capacity from other generating 
resources. Hawaiian Electric believes its plans, including contingency plans, are adequate to ensure reliable service through the 
transition period. These plans include the anticipated addition of ten renewable energy/storage projects, reserve capacity from 
existing generation sources, the acceleration of maintenance work during periods with anticipated higher reserve levels, 
multiple demand response/distributed energy resources programs and a proposed battery project. However, if there were 
unexpected issues with existing generation, or Hawaiian Electric is not able to implement its plans for replacement generation 
after September 1, 2022, it could disrupt the ability of Hawaiian Electric to deliver reliable service, result in financial loss that 
may not be recoverable, cause business disruptions, result in liability to customers, invite regulatory intervention or result in 
damage to Hawaiian Electric’s reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Utilities’ and the 
Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

29

Bank risks.

The following risks are generally specific to ASB, but could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated 

results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Interest Rate Risk—Fluctuations in interest rates could result in lower net interest income, impair ASB’s ability to 

originate new loans or impair the ability of ASB’s adjustable-rate borrowers to make increased payments or cause such 
borrowers to repay their adjustable-rate loans.  Interest rate risk is a significant risk of ASB’s operations. ASB’s net interest 
income consists primarily of interest income received on fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans, mortgage-backed securities and 
investments, less interest expense consisting primarily of interest paid on deposits and other borrowings. Interest rate risk arises 
when earning assets mature or when their interest rates change in a time frame different from that of the costing liabilities. 
Changes in market interest rates, including changes in the relationship between short-term and long-term market interest rates 
(e.g., a flat or an inverted yield curve) or between different interest rate indices, and the duration and severity of the changes in 
market interest rates can impact ASB’s net interest margin. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.” 

Although ASB pursues an asset-liability management strategy designed to mitigate its risk from changes in market interest 

rates, unfavorable movements in interest rates could result in lower net interest income. Residential 1-4 family fixed-rate 
mortgage loans comprised about 42% of ASB’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2021 and do not re-price with movements in 
interest rates. ASB continues to face a challenging interest rate environment. Increases in market interest rates could have an 
adverse impact on ASB’s cost of funds. Higher market interest rates could lead to higher interest rates paid on deposits and 
other borrowings. Significant increases in market interest rates, or the perception that an increase may occur, could adversely 
affect ASB’s ability to originate new loans and grow. An increase in market interest rates, especially a sudden increase, could 
also adversely affect the ability of ASB’s adjustable-rate borrowers to meet their higher payment obligations. If this occurred, it 
could cause an increase in nonperforming assets and charge-offs. Conversely, a decrease in interest rates or a mismatching of 
maturities of interest sensitive financial instruments could result in an acceleration in the prepayment of loans and mortgage-
backed securities and impact ASB’s ability to reinvest its liquidity in similar yielding assets.

LIBOR Sunset Transition Risk—Changes in the method for determining London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and the 

potential replacement of LIBOR may affect our loan portfolio and interest income on loans.  On July 27, 2017, the United 
Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), which regulates LIBOR, announced that it intends to phase out LIBOR by the 
end of 2021. On March 5, 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (IBA), as administrator of LIBOR, publicly 
announced that it intends to cease publication of one week and two month USD LIBOR tenors on December 31, 2021 and the 
remaining USD LIBOR tenors on June 30, 2023. The U.S. Federal Reserve, in conjunction with the Alternative Reference 
Rates Committee, a steering committee composed of large U.S. financial institutions, announced replacement of U.S. dollar 
LIBOR with a new index calculated by short-term repurchase agreements, backed by U.S. Treasury securities called the 
Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). ASB has loans and other financial instruments with rates that are either directly or 
indirectly tied to LIBOR. Failure to adequately manage this transition process with our customers could adversely impact the 
Bank’s reputation.

ASB has formed a cross-functional project team to oversee the transition. The project team reports to Management and the 

Board on a periodic basis. The project team is organized around key work streams which cover products, systems and 
operational processes impacted by the transition as well as client communication. The project team has completed an inventory 
of existing LIBOR-indexed products, which are monitored on an ongoing basis. In addition, the project team has retired all 
LIBOR-based originations as of December 31, 2021 and continues to offer floating rate loans with alternative indices, including 
SOFR. ASB will continue to monitor legacy contracts and will continue the orderly transition away from LIBOR by June 30, 
2023 in accordance with the OCC and other federal financial institution regulatory agencies’ statement on LIBOR transition.

Credit Risk—ASB’s allowance for credit losses may not cover actual loan losses. ASB’s allowance for credit losses is 
ASB’s estimate of lifetime expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit and is based 
on a continuing assessment of:

•
•
•
•
•

existing risks in the loan portfolio;
historical loss experience with ASB’s loans;
changes in collateral value; 
current conditions (for example, economic conditions, real estate market conditions and interest rate environment) and;
reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount.

If ASB’s actual loan losses exceed its allowance for credit losses, it may incur losses, its financial condition may be 
materially and adversely affected, and additional capital may be required to enhance its capital position. In addition, various 
regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, regularly review the adequacy of ASB’s allowance. These 
agencies may require ASB to establish additional allowances based on their judgment of the information available at the time of 

30

their examinations. No assurance can be given that ASB will not sustain loan losses in excess of present or future levels of its 
allowance for credit losses.

Operational Risk—ASB’s operations are affected by factors that are beyond its control, that could result in lower revenues, 

higher expenses or decreased demand for its products and services.  ASB’s results of operations depend primarily on the 
income generated by the supply of, and demand for, its products and services, which primarily consist of loans and deposit 
services. ASB’s revenues and expenses may be adversely affected by various factors, including:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

local, regional, national and other economic and political conditions that could result in declines in employment and 
real estate values, which in turn could adversely affect the ability of borrowers to make loan payments and the ability 
of ASB to recover the full amounts owing to it under defaulted loans;

the ability of borrowers to obtain insurance and the ability of ASB to place insurance where borrowers fail to do so, 
particularly in the event of catastrophic damage to collateral securing loans made by ASB;

faster than expected loan prepayments that can cause an acceleration of the amortization of premiums on loans and 
investments and the impairment of mortgage servicing assets of ASB;

changes in ASB’s loan portfolio credit profiles and asset quality, which may increase or decrease the required level of 
allowance for credit losses;

technological disruptions affecting ASB’s operations or financial or operational difficulties experienced by any outside 
vendor on whom ASB relies to provide key components of its business operations, such as business processing, 
network access or internet connections;

events of default and foreclosure of loans whereby ASB becomes the owner of mortgage properties that presents 
environmental risk or potential clean up liability;

the impact of legislative and regulatory changes, including changes affecting capital requirements, increasing oversight 
of and reporting by banks, or affecting the lending programs or other business activities of ASB;

additional legislative changes regulating the assessment of overdraft, interchange and credit card fees, which can have 
a negative impact on noninterest income;

public opinion about ASB and financial institutions in general, which, if negative, could impact the public’s trust and 
confidence in ASB and adversely affect ASB’s ability to attract and retain customers and expose ASB to adverse legal 
and regulatory consequences;

increases in operating costs (including employee compensation expense and benefits and regulatory compliance costs), 
inflation and other factors, that exceed increases in ASB’s net interest, fee and other income; and

the ability of ASB to maintain or increase the level of deposits, ASB’s lowest costing funds.

Banking Regulatory Risk—Banking and related regulations could result in significant restrictions being imposed on ASB’s 

business or in a requirement that HEI divest ASB.  ASB is subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by the 
Department of Treasury, the OCC and the FDIC, and is subject to reserve requirements established by the Board of Governors 
of the Federal Reserve System. In addition, the FRB is responsible for regulating ASB’s holding companies, HEI and ASB 
Hawaii. The regulatory authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and 
examination policies to address not only ASB’s compliance with applicable banking laws and regulations, but also capital 
adequacy, asset quality, management ability and performance, earnings, liquidity and various other factors.

Under certain circumstances, including any determination that ASB’s relationship with HEI results in an unsafe and 
unsound banking practice, these regulatory authorities have the authority to restrict the ability of ASB to transfer assets and to 
make distributions to its shareholders (including payment of dividends to HEI), or they could seek to require HEI to sever its 
relationship with or divest its ownership of ASB. Payment by ASB of dividends to HEI may also be restricted by the OCC and 
FRB under its prompt corrective action regulations or its capital distribution regulations if ASB’s capital position deteriorates. 
In order to maintain its status as a QTL, ASB is required to maintain at least 65% of its assets in “qualified thrift investments.” 
Institutions that fail to maintain QTL status are subject to various penalties, including limitations on their activities. In ASB’s 
case, the activities of HEI and HEI’s other subsidiaries would also be subject to restrictions, and a failure or inability to comply 
with those restrictions could effectively result in the required divestiture of ASB. Federal legislation has also been proposed in 
the past that could operate to eliminate the thrift charter or the grandfathered status of HEI as a unitary thrift holding company, 
which in turn would result in a required divestiture of ASB. In the event of a required divestiture, federal law substantially 
limits the types of entities that could potentially acquire ASB.

Bank Regulatory Risk - Heightened regulatory requirements if ASB’s total assets exceed $10 billion.  As of December 31, 
2021, ASB had total assets of approximately $9.2 billion and it is possible that total assets could exceed $10 billion in the near 
future. The Dodd-Frank Act and its implementing regulations impose enhanced supervisory requirements on financial 
institutions with more than $10 billion in total assets. For financial institutions with more than $10 billion in total assets, such 
requirements include, among other things:

31

Increased capital leverage, liquidity and risk management standards;

Examinations by the CFPB for compliance with federal consumer financial protection laws and regulations; and

• Applicability of Volcker Rule requirements and restrictions;
•
•
•
The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (EGRRCPA), which was enacted in 2018, 
amended the Dodd-Frank Act to raise the $10 billion stress testing threshold to $250 billion, among other things. The federal 
financial regulators issued final rules in 2019 to increase the threshold for these stress testing requirements from $10 billion to 
$250 billion, consistent with the EGRRCPA.

Limits on interchange fees on debit cards (Durbin Amendment)

ASB is already subject to limits for its interchange fees on debit cards as the Bank’s parent company, HEI, has total assets 

exceeding $10 billion and the Durbin Amendment did not exclude unitary thrift holding companies from the threshold for 
holding company assets subject to interchange fee limits.

Federal financial regulators may require ASB to take actions to prepare for compliance with the foregoing requirements 
before it exceeds $10 billion in total assets. ASB’s regulators may consider its preparation for compliance with these regulatory 
requirements when examining the Bank’s operations or considering any request for regulatory approval. ASB may, therefore, 
incur compliance costs before it reaches $10 billion in total assets and may be required to maintain the additional compliance 
procedures even if the Bank does not grow at the anticipated rate or at all.

Failure to comply with these new requirements may negatively impact the results of ASB’s operations and financial 
condition. To ensure compliance, the Bank may be required to invest significant resources, which may necessitate hiring 
additional personnel and implementing additional internal controls. These additional compliance costs may have a material 
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Legislative Risk—Legislative and regulatory initiatives could have an adverse effect on ASB’s business.  From time to time, 

new legislative and other regulatory initiatives are enacted, which could have an adverse effect on ASB’s business. For 
example, the Dodd-Frank Act, which became law in July 2010, has had a substantial impact on the financial services industry. 
Failure to comply with laws, regulations or policies could result in sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties and/
or reputational damage, which could have a material adverse effect on ASB’s business, results of operations, financial condition 
and liquidity.

Product Concentration Risk—A large percentage of ASB’s loans and securities are collateralized by real estate, and 
adverse changes in the real estate market and/or general economic or other conditions may result in loan losses and adversely 
affect the Company’s profitability.  As of December 31, 2021 approximately 83% of ASB’s loan portfolio was comprised of 
loans primarily collateralized by real estate, most of which was concentrated in the State of Hawaii. During 2021, ASB’s home 
equity lines of credit (HELOC) decreased 13% and the residential 1-4 family portfolios increased by 7%, comprising 73% of 
total real estate loans. ASB’s financial results may be adversely affected by changes in prevailing economic conditions, either 
nationally or in the state. ASB had been pursuing a strategy that included expanding its commercial, commercial real estate and 
consumer lines of business. Commercial and commercial real estate loans have a higher risk profile than residential loans. 
Though both commercial and commercial real estate loans have shorter terms and earn higher spreads than residential mortgage 
loans, these loan types generally entail higher underwriting and other service costs and present greater credit risks than 
traditional residential mortgages. Commercial loans are secured by the assets of the business and, upon default, any collateral 
repossessed may not be sufficient to repay the outstanding loan balance. In addition, loan collections are dependent on the 
borrower’s continuing financial stability and, thus, are more likely to be affected by current economic conditions and adverse 
business developments. Commercial real estate properties tend to be unique and are more difficult to value than residential real 
estate properties. Commercial real estate loans may not be fully amortizing, meaning that they have a significant principal 
balance or “balloon” payment due at maturity. In addition, commercial real estate properties, particularly industrial and 
warehouse properties, are generally subject to relatively greater environmental risks than noncommercial properties and to the 
corresponding burdens and costs of compliance with environmental laws and regulations. Also, there may be costs and delays 
involved in enforcing rights of a property owner against tenants in default under terms of leases with respect to commercial 
properties. For example, a tenant may seek protection under bankruptcy laws, which could result in termination of the tenant’s 
lease.

ASB also has a national syndicated lending portfolio where ASB is a participant in credit facilities agented by established 

and reputable national lenders. Management selectively chooses each deal based on conservative credit criteria to ensure a high-
quality, well diversified portfolio. In the event the borrower encounters financial difficulties and ASB is unable to sell its 
participation interest in the loan in the secondary market, ASB is typically reliant on the originating lender for managing any 
loan workout or foreclosure proceedings that may become necessary. Accordingly, ASB has less control over such proceedings 
than loans it originates and may be required to accommodate the interests of other participating lenders in resolving 

32

delinquencies or defaults on participated loans, which could result in outcomes that are not fully consistent with ASB’s 
preferred strategies. In addition, a significant proportion of ASB’s syndicated loans are originated in states other than Hawaii 
and are subject to the local regional and regulatory risks specific to those states.

Similar to the national syndicated lending portfolio, ASB does not service commercial loans in which it has participation 
interests rather than being the lead or agent lender and is subject to the policies and practices of the agent lender, who is the loan 
servicer, in resolving delinquencies or defaults on participated loans.

The consumer loan portfolio primarily consists of personal unsecured loans with risk-based pricing. Repayment is based on 
the borrower’s financial stability as these loans have no collateral and there is less assurance that ASB will be able to collect all 
payments due under these loans or have sufficient collateral to cover all outstanding loan balances.

General Risk Factors.

ESG Risk—Increased scrutiny and changing stakeholder expectations with respect to our environmental, social and 
governance (ESG) programs may result in increased costs and expenses and may expose the Company to new or incremental 
risks.  Companies across all industries, including HEI, face increasing stakeholder scrutiny related to ESG practices. These 
stakeholders include investors, customers, consumers, employees, lenders and other stakeholders, and in recent years, certain 
stakeholders have placed increasing importance on the impact and social cost of their investments. This increased focus and 
activism related to ESG may hinder the cost of, or access to, capital or financing as these investors or lenders may elect to 
increase their required returns on capital offered to the company, reallocate capital or not commit capital as a result of their 
assessment of a company’s ESG profile. Additionally, if the Company fails to adapt, or is perceived to have failed in addressing 
investor, lender, and other stakeholder ESG expectations or standards, which continue to evolve, or if the Company fails to 
fully and accurately report its progress on ESG initiatives, the Company may suffer reputational damage and its business or 
financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Human Capital Risk—HEI’s businesses may be unable to attract, hire, engage and retain a highly skilled and diverse 
workforce, including senior management, which could affect the Company’s execution of its growth strategy and profitability 
and adversely affect its future performance. The skill and experience of the Company’s employees, particularly with respect to 
the senior management team, are vital to the Company’s success. The management teams of HEI’s businesses have significant 
industry experience and would be difficult to replace. Failure to attract, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly qualified and 
diverse employee talent, to develop and implement adequate succession plans for the senior management team, or to maintain a 
successful work culture that fosters collaboration, innovation, and communications could disrupt the Company’s operations and 
adversely affect its businesses and its future success. In addition, a variety of economic and social factors are exacerbating the 
current labor supply shortage, which may make it difficult to staff critical positions, retain key employees, and could result in 
significantly higher costs to maintain appropriate staffing levels with the right talent. The inability to fill these positions or a 
delay in staffing these positions could have a significant impact on the Company’s initiatives and strategies, which in turn 
would adversely affect the Company’s businesses and their future prospects.

Inflation Risk—The Company’s costs and expenses could increase as a result of inflationary pressures and such increases 

may not be fully offset by an increase in revenues. A variety of economic and social factors have recently driven inflation to 
levels above the Federal Reserve Board’s long-term target of 2%. Long-term inflationary pressures could result in higher labor, 
commodities, materials and supplies, outside services and capital costs, among others, that may not fully be offset by an 
increase in revenues, which would adversely affect the Company’s profitability and results of operations. For example, while 
the Utilities’ annual revenue adjustment mechanism provides for an annual inflationary adjustment, recent months’ annualized 
rates of inflation have surpassed the rate of the last inflationary adjustment for the Utilities’ target revenues. To the extent the 
Utilities increase in actual expenses exceeds the amount provided by the last inflationary adjustment and the Utilities are unable 
to offset such excess with other efficiencies or cost savings, the Utilities’ profitability could be adversely impacted. Similarly, to 
the extent that higher labor and other costs at ASB, due to inflation or other factors, is not fully offset by an increase in non-
interest income or net interest income, which is dependent on interest rates, the shape of the yield curve, earning assets growth 
and low-cost deposit liabilities, the Bank’s profitability and results of operations would be adversely impacted.

Pension Liability Risk—HEI and Hawaiian Electric and their subsidiaries may incur higher retirement benefits expenses 
and have and will likely continue to be subject to substantial liabilities for retirement benefits.  Retirement benefits expenses 
and cash funding requirements could increase in future years depending on numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the 
performance of the U.S. equity markets, trends in interest rates and health care costs, plan amendments, mortality 
improvements, new laws relating to pension funding and changes in accounting principles. For the Utilities, however, 
retirement benefits expenses, as adjusted by the pension and postretirement benefits other than pensions (OPEB) tracking 
mechanisms, have been an allowable expense for rate-making purposes.

33

Tax Legislation Risk—Adverse tax rulings or developments or changes in tax legislation could result in significant 

increases in tax payments and/or expense.  Governmental taxing authorities could challenge a tax return position taken by HEI 
or its subsidiaries and if the taxing authorities prevail, HEI’s consolidated tax payments and/or expense, including applicable 
penalties and interest, could increase significantly. Additionally, changes in tax legislation or IRS interpretations could increase 
the Company’s tax burden and adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.

Litigation Risk—The Company could be subject to the risk of uninsured losses in excess of its accruals for litigation 
matters.  HEI and its subsidiaries are involved in routine litigation in the ordinary course of their businesses, most of which is 
covered by insurance (subject to policy limits and deductibles). However, other litigation may arise that is not routine or 
involves claims that may not be covered by insurance. Because of the uncertainties associated with litigation, there is a risk that 
litigation against HEI or its subsidiaries, even if vigorously defended, could result in costs of defense and judgment or 
settlement amounts not covered by insurance and in excess of reserves established in HEI’s consolidated financial statements.

Changes in Accounting Estimates Risk—Changes in accounting principles and estimates could affect the reported amounts 

of the Company’s assets and liabilities or revenues and expenses.  HEI’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Changes in accounting principles (including the possible 
adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards or new U.S. accounting standards), or changes in the Company’s 
application of existing accounting principles, could materially affect the financial statement presentation of HEI’s or the 
Utilities’ consolidated results of operations and/or financial condition. Further, in preparing the consolidated financial 
statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, 
the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ 
significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the amounts 
reported for electric utility revenues; allowance for credit losses; income taxes; investment securities, property, plant and 
equipment; regulatory assets and liabilities; derivatives; pension and other postretirement benefit obligations; and contingencies 
and litigation.

Changes in accounting principles can also impact HEI’s consolidated financial statements. For example, if management 
determines that a PPA requires the consolidation of the IPP in the financial statements, the consolidation could have a material 
effect on Hawaiian Electric’s and HEI’s consolidated financial statements, including the recognition of a significant amount of 
assets and liabilities and, if such a consolidated IPP were operating at a loss and had insufficient equity, the potential 
recognition of such losses.  

ITEM 1B.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

HEI:  None.

Hawaiian Electric:  Not applicable.

ITEM 2. 

PROPERTIES

HEI and Hawaiian Electric:  See the “Properties” sections under “HEI,” “Electric utility” and “Bank” in Item 1. Business 
above.

ITEM 3. 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

HEI and Hawaiian Electric:  HEI and Hawaiian Electric (including their direct and indirect subsidiaries) may be involved in 
ordinary routine PUC proceedings, environmental proceedings and/or litigation incidental to their respective businesses. See the 
descriptions of legal proceedings (including judicial proceedings and proceedings before the PUC and environmental and other 
administrative agencies) in “Item 1. Business,” in HEI’s MD&A and in the Notes 3 and 4 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements. The outcomes of litigation and administrative proceedings are necessarily uncertain and there is a risk that the 
outcome of such matters could have a material adverse effect on the financial position, results of operations or liquidity of HEI 
or one or more of its subsidiaries for a particular period in the future.

ITEM 4.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

HEI and Hawaiian Electric:  Not applicable.

34

INFORMATION ABOUT OUR EXECUTIVE OFFICERS (HEI)

The executive officers of HEI are listed below. Mss. Kimura and Teranishi are officers of HEI subsidiaries rather than of 

HEI, but are deemed to be executive officers of HEI under SEC Rule 3b-7 promulgated under the 1934 Exchange Act. HEI 
executive officers serve from the date of their initial appointment and are reappointed annually by the HEI Board (or annually 
by the applicable HEI subsidiary board), and thereafter are appointed for one-year terms or until their successors have been duly 
appointed and qualified or until their earlier resignation or removal. HEI executive officers may also hold offices with HEI 
subsidiaries and affiliates in addition to their current positions listed below.

Name

Scott W. H. Seu

Age

56

Business experience for last 5 years and prior positions with the Company

HEI President and Chief Executive Officer since 1/22
HEI Director since 1/22
ASB Chairman of the Board since 1/22
ASB Hawaii Director since 1/22

·  Hawaiian Electric President and Chief Executive Officer, 2/20 to 12/21
·  Hawaiian Electric Director, 2/20 to 12/21
·  Hawaiian Electric Senior Vice President, Public Affairs, 1/17 to 2/20
·  Hawaiian Electric Vice President, System Operation, 5/14 to 12/16
·  Hawaiian Electric Vice President, Energy Resources and Operations, 1/13 to 4/14
·  Hawaiian Electric Vice President, Energy Resources, 8/10 to 12/12
·  Hawaiian Electric Manager, Resource Acquisition Department, 3/09 to 8/10
·  Hawaiian Electric Manager, Energy Projects Department, 5/04 to 3/09
·  Hawaiian Electric Manager, Customer Installations Department, 1/03 to 5/04
·  Hawaiian Electric Manager, Environmental Department, 4/98 to 12/02
·  Hawaiian Electric Principal Environmental Scientist, 1/97 to 4/98
·  Hawaiian Electric Senior Environmental Scientist, 5/96 to 12/96
·  Hawaiian Electric Environmental Scientist, 8/93 to 5/96

Gregory C. Hazelton

57

HEI Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since 4/17

·  HEI Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, 3/18 to 11/19
·  HEI Senior Vice President, Finance, 10/16 to 4/17
·  Prior to rejoining the Company in 2016:  Northwest Natural Gas Company, Senior Vice President, 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, 2/16 to 9/16, and Northwest Natural Gas Company, Senior 
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, 6/15 to 2/16

·  HEI Vice President, Finance, Treasurer and Controller, 8/13 to 6/15

·   Prior to joining the Company in 2013:  UBS Investment Bank, Managing Director, Global Power 

& Utilities Group 3/11 to 5/13

HEI Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Chief Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary 
since 1/20

·  HEI Vice President - Legal & Administration and Corporate Secretary, 10/16 to 12/19
·  HEI Associate General Counsel, 3/11 to 10/16

Kurt K. Murao

52

Shelee M. T. Kimura

48

Hawaiian Electric President and Chief Executive Officer since 1/22

·  Hawaiian Electric Senior Vice President, Customer Service and Public Affairs, 3/21 to 12/21
·  Hawaiian Electric Senior Vice President, Customer Service, 2/19 to 3/21
·  Hawaiian Electric Senior Vice President, Business Development & Strategic Planning, 1/17 to 2/19
·  Hawaiian Electric Vice President, Corporate Planning & Business Development, 5/14 to 1/17
·  HEI, Manager, Investor Relations, Strategic Planning & Budget, 11/09 to 5/14
·  HEI Director, Corporate Finance and Investments, 8/04 to 11/09

Ann C. Teranishi

47

ASB President and Chief Executive Officer since 5/21
ASB Director since 5/21

·  ASB Executive Vice President, Operations, 2/18 to 5/21
·  ASB Senior Vice President, Director of Operations, 1/17 to 1/18
·  ASB Senior Vice President, Customer Experience, 5/14 to 1/17
·  ASB Senior Vice President, Director of Retail Credit Management, 4/13 to 4/14
·  ASB Senior Vice President, Director of Consumer Credit Management, 4/11 to 4/13
·  ASB Senior Vice President, Director of Regulatory Compliance, 9/07 to 3/11

Family relationships; executive arrangements

There are no family relationships between any HEI executive officer and any other HEI executive officer or any HEI 
director or director nominee. There are no arrangements or understandings between any HEI executive officer and any other 
person pursuant to which such executive officer was selected.

35

PART II

ITEM 5.  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND 

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

HEI:

Certain of the information required by this item is disclosed in Note 14, “Regulatory restrictions on net assets” and “Equity 

compensation plan information” under “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and 
Related Stockholder Matters” of this Form 10-K. 

HEI’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “HE.” The total number of 
holders of record of HEI common stock (i.e., registered holders) as of February 11, 2022, was 5,194. On February 11, 2022, the 
HEI Board of Directors approved a 1 cent increase in the quarterly dividend from $0.34 per share to $0.35 per share, starting 
with the dividend in the first quarter of 2022. HEI currently expects to maintain the dividend at its present level; however, the 
HEI Board of Directors evaluates the dividend quarterly and considers many factors in the evaluation including, but not limited 
to, the Company’s results of operations, the long-term prospects for the Company, and the current and expected future 
economic conditions.

Purchases of HEI common shares were made during the fourth quarter to satisfy the requirements of certain plans as 

follows:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period*
October 1 to 31, 2021
November 1 to 30, 2021
December 1 to 31, 2021
Total

Total Number
of Shares 
Purchased **

Average
Price Paid
per Share **

22,403  $ 
14,067 
168,420 
204,890 

40.70 
40.39 
40.52 

 Total Number of Shares 
Purchased as Part of 
Publicly Announced Plans 
or Programs
—
—
—
—

Maximum Number (or Approximate 
Dollar Value) of Shares that May 
Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans 
or Programs
NA
NA
NA
NA

NA  Not applicable.
*   Trades (total number of shares purchased) are reflected in the month in which the order is placed.
**  The purchases were made to satisfy the requirements of the DRIP, the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan (HEIRSP), 
and the ASB 401(k) Plan for shares purchased for cash or by the reinvestment of dividends by participants under those plans and none of 
the purchases were made under publicly announced repurchase plans or programs. Average prices per share are calculated exclusive of 
any commissions payable to the brokers making the purchases for the DRIP, the HEIRSP and the ASB 401(k) Plan. Of the “Total number 
of shares purchased,” 173,484 of the 204,890 shares were purchased for the DRIP; 25,794 of the  204,890 shares were purchased for the 
HEIRSP; and the remaining of the 5,612 shares were purchased for the ASB 401(k) Plan. The repurchased shares were issued for the 
accounts of the participants under registration statements registering the shares issued under these plans.

Hawaiian Electric:

Since a corporate restructuring on July 1, 1983, all the common stock of Hawaiian Electric has been held solely by its 
parent, HEI, and is not publicly traded. Accordingly, information required with respect to “Market information” and “holders” 
is not applicable to Hawaiian Electric.

The dividends declared and paid on Hawaiian Electric’s common stock for the quarters of 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

Quarters ended
(in thousands)
March 31
June 30
September 30
December 31
Total

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

27,925  $ 
27,925 
27,925 
27,925 
111,700  $ 

26,784 
26,784 
26,784 
26,782 
107,134 

Also, see “Liquidity and capital resources” in HEI’s MD&A.

See the discussion of regulatory and other restrictions on dividends or other distributions in Note 14 of the Consolidated 

Financial Statements.

ITEM 6. 

[RESERVED]

36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITEM 7.  MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF 

OPERATIONS

HEI and Hawaiian Electric (in the case of Hawaiian Electric, only the information related to Hawaiian Electric and its 
subsidiaries):

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes 

that appear in Item 8 of this report. For information on factors that may cause HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s actual future 
results to differ from those currently contemplated by the relevant forward-looking statements, see “Cautionary Note 
Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the front of this report and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. The general discussion of 
HEI’s consolidated results should be read in conjunction with the Electric utility and Bank segment discussions that follow. 
HEI Consolidated

Executive overview and strategy.  HEI is a holding company with operations primarily focused on Hawaii’s electric utility 
and banking sectors. In 2017, HEI formed Pacific Current to make investments in non-regulated renewable energy and 
sustainable infrastructure projects. HEI has three reportable segments—Electric utility, Bank, and Other.

Electric utility.  Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric (Utilities) are regulated operating electric 

public utilities engaged in the production, purchase, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity on the islands of Oahu; 
Hawaii; and Maui, Lanai and Molokai, respectively.

Bank.  ASB is a full-service community bank serving both consumer and commercial customers in the State of Hawaii and 

has 42 branches on the islands of Oahu (29), Maui (6), Hawaii (4), Kauai (2), and Molokai (1).

Other.  The Other segment comprises the results of Pacific Current, which invests in non-regulated clean energy and 

sustainable infrastructure in the State of Hawaii to help reach the state’s sustainability goals, and HEI’s corporate-level 
operating, general and administrative expenses.

A major focus of HEI’s financial strategy is to grow core earnings/profitability at the Utilities, Bank and Pacific Current in 

a controlled risk manner and optimize operating, capital and tax efficiencies in order to support its dividend and deliver 
shareholder value. Together, HEI’s unique combination of power, sustainable investments, and financial services companies 
provides the Company with a strong balance sheet and the financial resources to invest in the strategic growth of its 
subsidiaries, while providing an attractive dividend for investors.

Recent developments—COVID-19.  The Company remains focused on the continued safety and well-being of customers, 
employees, their families and the community. The Company’s mandatory work-from-home policy remains in effect for certain 
employees and this policy has not impaired the Company’s ability to serve customers and maintain effective internal controls 
over financial reporting. For personnel that cannot perform their work remotely, the Company has maintained safety protocols 
and policies to keep employees safe, while at the same time ensuring the reliability and resilience of its operations.

The Hawaii economy began to improve in the second half of 2021 as case counts declined and vaccination rates increased. 
However, the economic recovery experienced a setback early in the third quarter as the declining trend of daily COVID-19 case 
counts reversed and began a rapid increase, setting a pandemic high at that time, exceeding approximately 900 cases per day (7-
day average) in early September. As a result of the rising cases, a number of preventative policies were enacted by state, county 
and private entities, which included limiting group sizes for indoor and outdoor activities, mandatory vaccinations or adherence 
to regular testing protocols, and proof of vaccination or negative COVID-19 test for entry into certain indoor venues under the 
state’s Safe Access program. Additionally, the governor of the State of Hawaii made an announcement in late August, 
recommending that tourists postpone their visit to Hawaii. These measures contributed to a significant decline in new cases, 
leading to a 7-day average of approximately 100 cases in early December.

Following the detection of the Omicron variant in Hawaii in early December, case counts have increased rapidly, reaching 

a high of approximately 4,666 new daily cases (7-day average) as of January 19, 2022. Since then, case counts have declined 
rapidly, reaching a 7-day average daily case count of 256 as of February 22, 2022. Although the severity of the Omicron variant 
appears to be significantly lower than the Delta variant, the higher case counts have led to an increase in hospitalizations. 

Despite the case count spike from the Omicron variant, the state remains open for business. The Hawaii Safe Travels 
Program, allows domestic transpacific passengers to avoid mandatory quarantine with proof of vaccination or a negative 
COVID test taken within 72 hours prior to the flight into Hawaii. On January 3, 2022, the state reduced the mandatory 
quarantine period from ten days to five days, consistent with the guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Hawaii vaccinations have steadily increased with over 75% of the state’s population fully vaccinated as of February 10, 

2022 and 36% of those fully vaccinated received a third shot.

37

Tourism numbers remain below pre-pandemic levels, primarily due to a delayed recovery in international travel. However, 

domestic travel has recovered significantly and are nearing pre-pandemic levels, with January 2022 average daily passenger 
counts at approximately 92% of January 2020 average daily passenger counts. Although the Hawaii economy experienced a 
temporary setback with the Delta and Omicron variants, the Company expects that the Hawaii economy will continue to 
improve in 2022. In 2021, kWh sales remained below pre-pandemic levels, but were 1.7% higher than 2020 due to increased 
economic activity following the loosening of restrictions and an increase in tourism. While the level of kWh sales does not 
affect Utility revenues due to decoupling, it may increase or decrease the price per kWh paid by customers. See “Decoupling” 
in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the decoupling mechanism.

At the Bank, due to favorable credit trends and continued improvement in the economic environment, ASB recorded a 

$25.8 million negative provision for credit losses in 2021 compared to a provision for credit losses of $50.8 million in 2020. 
Net interest income increased $3.7 million to $237.2 million in 2021 due to higher earning assets, primarily related to growth in 
the investment securities portfolio that was principally funded by the growth in deposits. The higher net interest income from 
the higher average earning asset balances, PPP income, and lower funding costs was partly offset by the impact of a decrease in 
loan portfolio balances and lower earning asset yields as a result of the low interest rate environment.

For further discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Utilities and the Bank, see “Recent Developments
—COVID-19” in the Electric Utility and Bank sections below. There has been no material impact on the “Other” segment and 
Pacific Current as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic as the primary businesses of Pacific Current are supported by PPAs that 
provide for contractual cash flows with credit-worthy counterparties.

For a discussion regarding the impact of the economic conditions caused by the pandemic on the Company’s liquidity and 

capital resources, see discussion under “Financial Condition–Liquidity and capital resources,” contained in each of the “HEI 
Consolidated,” “Electric utility” and “Bank” sections of this MD&A.

Environmental, Social & Governance.  At HEI, environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles and sustainability 
have long been embedded within all aspects of the Company’s activities and integral to the Company’s efforts to create value 
for all of its stakeholders. With all of its operations isolated in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, the Company’s long-term health 
and financial performance is inextricably linked with the strength of the Hawaii economy, its communities, and the 
environment. That is why long-term shareholder and broader stakeholder value are both served by the Company’s mission to be 
a catalyst for a better Hawaii. 

In 2021, the Company identified a number of priorities that reflect the essential connection between the health of Hawaii’s 

environment, economy and communities and HEI’s long-term success. The key ESG priorities the Company is working to 
advance include:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

decarbonizing the Company’s operations and the broader Hawaii economy;

promoting Hawaii’s economic health and improving affordability for all residents;

ensuring reliability and resilience as the Company navigates the clean energy transition and adapts to a changing 
climate;

advancing digitalization of the Company’s operations to better serve customers and increase efficiency while protecting 
against cyber-security challenges;

promoting diversity, equity and inclusion both within the Company and in the ways the Company interacts with and 
impacts external stakeholders;

increasing employee engagement; and 

identifying and integrating climate-related risks and opportunities throughout the Company’s planning and decision-
making. 

The Company has also focused on ensuring that ESG considerations are appropriately integrated into governance 

structures, strategies and risk management. This includes:

•

Integration of Board oversight of important ESG matters into its existing governance structures and processes. This 
includes full Board review of ESG-related strategies, Audit & Risk Committee oversight of ESG risks, Compensation & 
Human Capital Management Committee responsibility for ESG-related compensation matters and human capital 
management and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee responsibility for ensuring an appropriate board 
governance framework is in place with respect to ESG.

• Robust ESG expertise among board members, including directors with direct experience in renewable energy, climate 

change policy and strategy, environmental management and sustainable investing.

• Expanded ESG goals as part of HEI and Utility executive incentive compensation.

• ESG considerations explicitly woven into strategic planning efforts and enterprise risk management processes.

38

The Company is committed to transparency and providing information to allow customers, community leaders, investors 

and other stakeholders understand how the Company’s strategies and operations advance ESG objectives and contribute to 
long-term stakeholder value creation. 

The Company issued its first ESG report in September 2020. The report encompassed ESG policies, principles and results 
reported during 2019 across the Company’s two primary operating subsidiaries, Hawaiian Electric and ASB, and was aligned 
with Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) guidance—using the electric utilities standard for Hawaiian Electric, 
and the commercial banks, commercial finance, and mortgage finance standards for ASB. On April 22, 2021, the Company 
issued its second ESG report. This report continues to include SASB disclosures for Hawaiian Electric and ASB and 
incorporates disclosures regarding risks and opportunities related to climate change, as well as associated risk management and 
governance processes, based on recommendations from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures. It also 
outlines key impacts for the Company under two climate scenarios, including a scenario targeted to limit global temperature rise 
to 2 degrees Celsius or lower. The Company’s ESG reports can be found at www.hei.com/esg.

HEI consolidated results of operations.

(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Revenues
Operating income
Net income for common stock
Net income (loss) by segment:

Electric utility
Bank
Other

Net income for common stock
Basic earnings per share
Diluted earnings per share
Dividends per share
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (millions)
Dividend payout ratio

2021 % change

2020 % change

2019

$  2,850 
386 
246 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

178 
101 
(33) 
246 
2.25 
2.25 
1.36 
109.3 

 60% 

 10  $  2,580 
311 
 24 
198 
 24 

 5  $ 
 76 
 (12) 
 24  $ 
 24  $ 
 24  $ 
 3  $ 
 — 

169 
58 
(29) 
198 
1.81 
1.81 
1.32 
109.1 

 73% 

 (10)  $  2,874 
348 
 (10) 
218 
 (9) 

 8  $ 

 (35) 
 (4) 
 (9)  $ 
 (10)  $ 
 (9)  $ 
 3  $ 
 — 

157 
89 
(28) 
218 
2.00 
1.99 
1.28 
108.9 

 64% 

In 2021, net income for HEI common stock increased 24% to $246 million ($2.25 diluted earnings per share), compared to 
$198 million ($1.81 diluted earnings per share) in 2020, due to $44 million higher net income at ASB and $8 million higher net 
income at the Utilities, partially offset by $4 million higher net loss at the “other” segment. The increase in ASB’s 2021 net 
income compared to 2020 was primarily due to a negative provision for credit losses as a result of improved credit quality as 
the local economy improved significantly from the prior year. Results for 2020 included the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic 
on the local and national economy, which resulted in higher provision for credit losses, lower net interest income due to a lower 
yield curve and additional noninterest expenses. The increase in the Utilities’ 2021 net income compared to 2020 was 
principally due to higher RAM and ARA revenues, which included the customer dividend and an offset of management audit 
savings delivered to customers and delivery of Hawaiian Electric ERP benefits commitment completed in 2020, partially offset 
by higher operating expenses. See “Electric utility,” “Bank,” and “HEI Consolidated—Other segment” sections below for 
additional information on year-to-year fluctuations.

The Company’s effective tax rate (combined federal and state income tax rates) was higher at 20% in 2021, compared to 
17.0% in 2020, primarily due to an increase in income before income taxes in 2021, which reduces the rate impact of certain tax 
items, lower amortization in 2021 of the Utilities’ regulatory liability related to certain excess deferred income taxes resulting 
from the Tax Act’s decrease in the federal income tax rate and a decrease in excess tax benefits related to share-based awards in 
2021. The factors leading to an increase in the effective tax rate were partially offset by higher nontaxable bank-owned life 
insurance and federal research and developments tax credit claims in 2021.

For a discussion of 2019 results, please refer to the “HEI consolidated results of operations” section in Item 7, 
“Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—HEI Consolidated,” in the 
Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. 

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other segment.  The “other” business segment (loss)/income includes results of the stand-alone corporate operations of 

HEI, ASB Hawaii, and Pacific Current.

(in millions)
Revenue1
Operating loss1

Interest expense & 
other

Income tax benefit 

2021

2020

$ 

4  $ 

Increase
(decrease)
3 

1  $ 

Increase in other sales at Pacific Current subsidiaries.

Primary reason(s)

(22) 

(19) 

(3)  Higher HEI corporate operating loss ($25 million in 2021 vs. $22 million 

in 2020) primarily due to an increase in incentive compensation. Pacific 
Current’s operating income was comparable ($3 million in 2021 and 
2020).

(22) 

(21) 

(1)  Interest expense & other in 2021 was slightly higher than in 2020 

primarily due to higher interest expense at Pacific Current.

11 

11 

— 

Income tax benefits were comparable in 2021 and 2020, but the income 
tax benefit in 2021 reflects a lower effective tax rate, offset by an 
increase in pretax losses 

Net loss

$ 

(33)  $ 

(29)  $ 

(4) 

1   Hamakua Energy’s sales to Hawaii Electric Light (a regulated affiliate) are eliminated in consolidation. 

Economic conditions.  The statistical data in this section is from public third-party sources that management believes to be 
reliable (e.g., Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism (DBEDT), University of Hawaii Economic 
Research Organization (UHERO), Department of Health of the State of Hawaii, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of 
Labor and Industrial Relations (DLIR), Hawaii Tourism Authority (HTA), Honolulu Board of REALTORS® and national and 
local news media).

Hawaii’s tourism industry, a significant driver of Hawaii’s economy, suffered dramatically with a 73.8% reduction in total 
visitor arrivals in 2020 compared with 2019. Starting October 15, 2020, the state launched its Safe Travels Program that allows 
travelers to avoid the mandatory 14-day quarantine if they test negative for COVID-19 within 72 hours of departure. Effective 
July 8, 2021, domestic visitors can now bypass the mandatory quarantine or COVID-19 test by providing proof of vaccination. 
Since the launch of the Safe Travels Program, total daily passenger arrivals have steadily improved, but remain below pre-
pandemic levels. For the fourth quarter of 2021, the average daily passenger count was 249.3% higher than the comparable 
period in the prior year, but still 22.2% below 2019. The recovery in total passenger counts from the low levels in 2020 thus far 
has been driven by domestic travelers, with international travelers remaining at low levels due to higher restrictions for 
international travelers, depending on country of origin. In December 2021, domestic passenger counts were down 0.3% 
compared to 2019 pre-COVID-19 levels, while international passenger counts were down 89.7% compared to 2019 pre-
COVID-19 levels.

Hawaii’s seasonally adjusted unemployment rate in December 2021 was 5.7%, which was substantially lower compared to 

the December 2020 rate of 10.3%. The national unemployment rate in December 2021 was 3.9% compared to 6.7% in 
December 2020. Hawaii’s unemployment rate is expected to continue to improve now that restrictions on travel have been 
reduced significantly and increased vaccination rates should enable further reductions in business restrictions. 

Hawaii real estate activity through December 2021, as indicated by Oahu’s home resale market, drove an increase in the 
median sales price of 9.2% for condominiums and 19.3% for single-family homes compared to the same period in 2020, with 
the December median single-family home price tying a record of $1,050,000 set in August. The number of closed sales was up 
53.1% for condominiums and up 17.9% for single-family residential homes in 2021 compared to 2020.

Hawaii’s petroleum product prices reflect supply and demand in the Asia-Pacific region and the price of crude oil in 
international markets. The price of crude oil gradually increased during the 4th quarter of 2020 and the trend has continued 
during the first ten months of 2021. 

At its December 15, 2021 meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decided to maintain the federal funds 

rate target range of 0%-0.25%. The FOMC plans to continue to maintain an accommodative stance of monetary policy to 
achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the long run. The Federal Reserve stated that it will 
decrease its holdings of Treasury securities and agency mortgage-backed securities at least at the current pace to sustain smooth 
market functioning and help foster accommodative financial conditions, thereby supporting the flow of credit to households and 
businesses.

The most recent forecast by UHERO, which was issued on December 17, 2021, forecasts full year 2021 real GDP growth 

of 5.8%, increase in total visitor arrivals of 149.2%, increase in real personal income of 0.8%, and an unemployment rate of 
7.7%. This forecast reflects improvement of Hawaii’s economy after experiencing a downturn due to the Delta variant of 
COVID-19; however, the Omicron variant has set a new record in new daily virus cases and led to implementation of increased 
international travel restrictions. The international market is still anticipated to gradually return in 2022 once the Omicron 

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
situation clears. Real GDP growth in 2022 is forecasted to be 2.7% supported by a 22.8% increase in total visitor arrivals in 
2022 to 8.3 million visitors and a decrease in the unemployment rate to 5.4%. However, a full economic recovery is still 
forecasted to be several years out and dependent on the ability to adapt to new COVID-19 threats.

The Company expects economic conditions to improve going forward; however, it is difficult to predict the future path of 
the pandemic. If economic conditions worsen from current levels or remain depressed for an extended period of time, it could 
have a material unfavorable impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations in 2022. 

See also “Recent Developments—COVID-19” in the “Electric utility” and “Bank” sections below for further discussion of 

the economic impact caused by the pandemic.

Liquidity and capital resources.  As of December 31, 2021, HEI and Hawaiian Electric had approximately $54 million 

and nil of commercial paper outstanding, respectively, and Hawaiian Electric had $52 million of cash and cash equivalents.

As of December 31, 2021, there was no balance on HEI’s revolving credit facility and the available committed capacity 
under the revolving credit facility was $175 million (see Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements). As of December 31, 
2021, there was no balance on Hawaiian Electric’s revolving credit facility and the available committed capacity under the 
revolving credit facility was $200 million. On April 19, 2021, the term of Hawaiian Electric’s $75 million 364-day revolving 
credit agreement expired and was not renewed. As of December 31, 2021, ASB’s unused FHLB borrowing capacity was 
approximately $2.0 billion and ASB had unpledged investment securities of $2.5 billion that were available to be used as 
collateral for additional borrowing capacity.

As of December 31, 2021, the total amount of available borrowing capacity (net of commercial paper outstanding) under 

the Company’s committed lines of credit was approximately $321 million, which was a decrease of approximately $39 million 
compared to December 31, 2020.

The Company believes that its cash and cash equivalents, expected operating cash flow from subsidiaries, existing credit 

facilities, and access to the capital markets will be sufficient to meet the Company’s cash requirements over the next twelve 
months and beyond based on its current business plans. However, the Company expects that its liquidity will continue to be 
moderately impacted at the Utilities due to ongoing COVID-19 impacts to the local economy. For the Utilities, the elevated 
level of unemployment in the state and the moratorium on customer disconnections (which ended on May 31, 2021) have 
resulted in higher accounts receivable balances and bad debt expense and may result in higher write-offs in the future. As of 
December 31, 2021, approximately $38 million of the Utilities’ accounts receivables were 30 days past due. Of the over 30 
days past due amounts, approximately 30% were on payment plans. The Company commenced its disconnection process on a 
tiered basis, starting in the third quarter of 2021, targeting the oldest and largest balances first, which is expected to reduce 
delinquent accounts receivable balances over time as payments are made. In addition to the cash flow impact from delayed 
collection of accounts receivable, lower kWh sales relative to the level of kWh sales approved in the last rate case generally 
result in delayed timing of cash flows, resulting in higher working capital requirements (see “Recent Developments—
COVID-19” in the Electric utility section below). At this time, the delay in customer cash collections has not significantly 
affected the Company’s liquidity. The Company is prepared to address, if needed, the potential financing requirement related to 
the delayed timing of customer collections. 

At ASB, liquidity remains at satisfactory levels, largely due to U.S. economic stimulus programs implemented as a result of 

COVID-19 that led to a substantial increase in customer deposits, which grew 11% and 18% in 2021 and 2020, respectively. 
ASB’s cash and cash equivalents was $251 million as of December 31, 2021, compared to $293 million as of December 31, 
2020. ASB remains well above the “well capitalized” level under the FDIC Improvement Act prompt correction action capital 
category, and while the economic outlook has improved and is expected to continue to improve, there are still COVID-19 
related business restrictions that remain in place that could create ongoing uncertainty regarding COVID-19’s impact on loan 
performance and the allowance for credit losses (see “Recent Developments — COVID-19” in the Bank section below).

To preserve and enhance the Company’s liquidity position and address higher working capital requirements, in light of the 
significant and ongoing uncertainty regarding the potential scale and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the 
global, national and local economy, the Company completed a number of financing actions in 2021.

•

•

On May 14, 2021, HEI and Hawaiian Electric each entered into a separate agreement with a syndicate of nine financial 
institutions (the HEI Facility and Hawaiian Electric Facility, respectively, and together, the Facilities), to amend and 
restate their respective previously existing unsecured revolving credit agreements. The committed capacity under the 
HEI Facility was increased to $175 million from $150 million and its term was extended to May 14, 2026. On 
February 18, 2022, the PUC approved Hawaiian Electric's request to extend the term of the $200 million Hawaiian 
Electric Facility to May 14, 2026 from May 13, 2022.

On September 29, 2021, HEI executed a $125 million private placement utilizing a delayed draw feature, which allows 
HEI to draw $75 million and $50 million at any time on or before December 29, 2021 and November 15, 2022, 
respectively. On December 29, HEI drew $75 million, the proceeds of which were primarily used to invest in the 

41

Utilities’ equity and support its capital expenditure program. Proceeds from the remaining $50 million are expected to 
be used to refinance a portion of HEI’s $150 million long-term notes maturing in November 2022 or for other general 
corporate purposes. The ability to draw at any time prior to the November 15, 2022 date will provide additional 
liquidity in the interim period. The notes bear interest at a weighted average rate of 3.10% and have a weighted 
average maturity of 15.7 years. 

If further liquidity is deemed necessary, which is not contemplated at this time, the Utilities could also reduce the pace of 

capital spending related to non-essential projects. Additionally, the Company has the option to issue new shares rather than 
purchase currently outstanding shares on the open market to satisfy share issuances under its Dividend Reinvestment and Stock 
Purchase Plan (DRIP) program. The estimated amount of equity capital that could be raised by issuing new shares, rather than 
utilizing open market purchases, is estimated to be approximately $30 million on an annual basis, based on historical demand, 
but such future amount is dependent on a number of factors, including, without limitation, future share prices, number of 
shares/participants in the DRIP program, and the amount of new investment in HEI’s stock by DRIP participants.

HEI material cash requirements.  HEI’s material cash requirements include: capital expenditures, labor and benefit costs, 

O&M expenses, fuel and purchase power costs, and debt and interest payments at the Utilities; investments in loans and 
investment securities at the Bank; labor and benefits costs, shareholder dividends and debt and interest payments at HEI; and 
HEI equity contributions to support Pacific Current’s sustainable infrastructure investments. Forecasted HEI consolidated “net 
cash used in investing activities” (excluding “investing” cash flows from ASB) for 2022 through 2026 consists primarily of the 
net capital expenditures of the Utilities principally related to maintaining and modernizing the grid to allow for the integration 
of more renewable energy, improved customer reliability, greater system efficiency and enhanced resilience. The Utilities’ 
capital expenditures are estimated to range from $2.0 billion to $2.2 billion over the next five years and are expected to be 
funded primarily through a combination of retained earnings and proceeds from debt issuance, and if required, contributions of 
equity from HEI to maintain the Utilities’ equity capitalization at approximately 58% (see also discussion regarding other 
material cash requirements under “Financial Condition–Liquidity and capital resources,” contained in the “Electric utility” and 
“Bank” sections below). In addition to the funds required for the Utilities’ construction programs and debt maturities, with 
respect to HEI, over the next five years, approximately $150 million will be required in 2022, $50 million in 2023, and $50 
million in 2025 to repay maturing debt. Debt maturities are expected to be repaid with the proceeds from the issuance of 
commercial paper, bank borrowings, other medium- or long-term debt, issuance of common stock and/or dividends from 
subsidiaries. Additional debt and/or equity financing may be utilized to invest in the Utilities, Bank or Pacific Current; to pay 
down commercial paper or other short-term borrowings; to pay interest costs; or to fund unanticipated expenditures not 
included in the 2022 through 2026 forecast, such as increases in the costs of, or an acceleration of, the construction of capital 
projects of the Utilities or unanticipated utility capital expenditures. In addition, existing debt may be refinanced prior to 
maturity with additional debt or equity financing (or both).

42

Selected short-term and long-term contractual obligations and commitments.  Information about payments under the 

specified contractual obligations and commercial commitments of HEI and its subsidiaries was as follows:

December 31, 2021

(in millions)
Contractual obligations
Investment in qualifying affordable housing projects
Time certificates
Short-term borrowings
Other bank borrowings
Long-term debt

Interest on CDs, other bank borrowings, short-term loan and long-term debt

Operating leases

PPAs classified as leases

Other operating leases

Service bureau contract, maintenance agreements and other 
Hawaiian Electric open purchase order obligations1
Hawaiian Electric fuel oil purchase obligations (estimate based on fuel oil 
price at December 31)

Hawaiian Electric power purchase–minimum fixed capacity charges not 
classified as leases
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions
Total (estimated)

Less than
1 year

1-3
years

3-5
years

More than
5 years

Total

$ 

—  $ 
276 
54 
88 
223 

34  $ 
107 
— 
— 
169 

27  $ 
38 
  — 
  — 
234 

2  $ 
3 
— 
— 
1,707 

94 

46 

18 

20 

93 

8 

163 

149 

780 

8 

37 

27 

39 

7 

27 

17 

8 

9 

  — 

4 

38 

7 

— 

— 

63 
424 
54 
88 
2,333 

1,186 

65 

120 

71 

140 

17 

30 
— 
950  $ 

60 
8 

60 
  — 
661  $  567  $ 

157 
— 
2,698  $ 

307 
8 
4,876 

$ 

1

Includes contractual obligations and commitments for capital expenditures and expense amounts.

The table above does not include other categories of obligations and commitments, such as deferred taxes, certain trade 
payables, amounts that will become payable in future periods under collective bargaining and other employment agreements 
and employee benefit plans, and potential refunds of amounts collected from ratepayers (e.g., under the earnings sharing 
mechanism). As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the assets held in trusts to satisfy the obligations of the Company’s 
retirement benefit plans did not exceed the retirement benefit plans’ benefit obligation. Minimum funding requirements for 
retirement benefit plans have not been included in the tables above; however, see Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for 2022 estimated contributions. 

See Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of fuel and power purchase commitments. See Note 4 

of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a further discussion of ASB’s commitments.

Operating activities provided net cash of $376 million in 2021 and $429 million in 2020. Investing activities used net cash 

of $1,180 million in 2021 and $1,414 million in 2020. In 2021, net cash used in investing activities was primarily due to 
purchases of available-for-sale and  held-to-maturity investment securities, capital expenditures, and purchases of stock from 
Federal Home Loan Bank, partly offset by receipt of repayments from available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment 
securities, proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investment securities, net decrease in loans held for investment,  proceeds 
from sale of residential loans and redemption of stock from Federal Home Loan Bank. In 2020, net cash used in investing 
activities was primarily due to purchases of available-for-sale investment securities, capital expenditures, net increase in loans 
held for investment and purchases of held-to-maturity investment securities and stock from Federal Home Loan Bank, partly 
offset by receipt of repayments from available-for-sale and held-to-maturity investment securities, redemption of stock from 
Federal Home Loan Bank and proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investment securities.

Financing activities provided net cash of $756 million in 2021 and $1,116 million in 2020. In 2021, net cash provided by 
financing activities included net increases in deposits and proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, partly offset by payment of 
common and preferred stock dividends, repayment of long-term debt, short-term debt and net decreases in short-term 
borrowings. In 2020, net cash provided by financing activities included net increases in deposits and proceeds from issuance of 
long-term debt, short-term debt and other bank borrowings, partly offset by payment of common and preferred stock dividends, 
repayment of long-term debt, short-term debt and other bank borrowings and net decreases in short-term borrowings and other 
bank borrowing with original maturities of three months or less. 

For a discussion of 2019 operating, investing and financing activities, please refer to the “Liquidity and capital resources” 

section in Item 7, “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—HEI 
Consolidated,” in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other than capital contributions from their parent company, intercompany services (and related intercompany payables and 
receivables), Hawaiian Electric’s periodic short-term borrowings from HEI (and related interest) and the payment of dividends 
to HEI, the electric utility and bank segments are largely autonomous in their operating, investing and financing activities. (See 
the electric utility and bank segments’ discussions of their cash flows in their respective “Liquidity and capital resources” 
sections below.) During 2021, Hawaiian Electric, ASB (through ASB Hawaii) and Hamakua Energy paid cash dividends to HEI 
of $112 million, $59 million and $1 million, respectively.

A portion of the net assets of Hawaiian Electric and ASB is not available for transfer to HEI in the form of dividends, loans 
or advances without regulatory approval. In the absence of an unexpected material adverse change in the financial condition of 
the electric utilities or ASB, such restrictions are not expected to significantly affect the operations of HEI, its ability to pay 
dividends on its common stock or its ability to meet its debt or other cash obligations. See Note 14 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

The Company believes that its ability to generate cash, both internally from electric utility and banking operations and 
externally from issuances of equity and debt securities, as well as bank borrowings, is adequate to maintain sufficient liquidity 
to fund its contractual obligations and commercial commitments, its forecasted capital expenditures and investments, its 
expected retirement benefit plan contributions and other short-term and long-term material cash requirements. However, the 
COVID-19 pandemic continues to be an evolving situation, and the Company cannot predict the extent or duration of the 
outbreak, the future effects that it will have on the global, national or local economy, including the impact on the Company’s 
cost of capital and its ability to access additional capital, or the future impacts on the Company’s financial position, results of 
operations, and cash flows. See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in Part I for further discussion of risks and uncertainties.

The consolidated capital structure of HEI (excluding deposit liabilities and other bank borrowings) was as follows:

December 31
(dollars in millions)
Short-term borrowings—other than bank
Long-term debt, net—other than bank
Preferred stock of subsidiaries
Common stock equity

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

54 
2,322 
34 
2,391 
4,801 

 1%  $ 
 48 
 1 
 50 
 100%  $ 

129 
2,119 
34 
2,338 
4,620 

 3% 
 46 
 1 
 50 
 100% 

HEI’s commercial paper borrowings and line of credit facility were as follows:

(in millions)
Commercial paper
Line of credit draws
Undrawn capacity under HEI’s line of credit facility1
1    On May 14, 2021, HEI amended and restated its previously existing revolving unsecured credit agreement to increase the capacity to $175 million from 

54  $ 
— 
175 

56  $ 
— 
— 

65 
— 
150 

$ 

Year ended December 31, 2021
Average
balance

End-of-period
balance

December 31, 
2020

$150 million and extend its term to May 14, 2026.  See Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note:  This table does not include Hawaiian Electric’s separate commercial paper issuances and line of credit facilities and draws, which are disclosed 
below under “Electric utility—Liquidity and capital resources” below. The maximum amount of HEI’s short-term commercial paper borrowings in 2021 
was $129 million.

HEI utilizes short-term debt, typically commercial paper, to support normal operations, to refinance commercial paper, to 

retire long-term debt, to pay dividends and for other temporary requirements, including short-term financing needs of its 
subsidiaries. HEI also periodically makes short-term loans to Hawaiian Electric to meet Hawaiian Electric’s cash requirements, 
including the funding of loans by Hawaiian Electric to Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, but no such short-term loans to 
Hawaiian Electric were outstanding as of December 31, 2021. HEI periodically utilizes long-term debt, historically unsecured 
indebtedness, to fund investments in and loans to its subsidiaries to support their capital improvement or other requirements, to 
repay long-term and short-term indebtedness and for other corporate purposes. As of December 31, 2021, HEI’s debt maturities 
in 2022 include $150 million of long-term debt that matures in November 2022. HEI has partially prefunded $50 million of this 
maturity through the $125 million private placement completed in September 2021. See Notes 5 and 6 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements for a brief description of the Company’s loans. 

44

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The rating of HEI’s commercial paper and debt securities could significantly impact the ability of HEI to sell its 

commercial paper and issue debt securities and/or the cost of such debt. As of February 11, 2022, the Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch), 
Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) and S&P Global Ratings (S&P) ratings of HEI were as follows:

Long-term issuer default, long-term and issuer credit, respectively
Commercial paper
Outlook

Fitch Moody’s
WR*
BBB
P-2
F3
Stable
Stable

S&P
BBB-
A-3
Stable

*   Moody’s long-term debt rating was withdrawn because HEI does not currently have any outstanding, publicly traded debt. Moody’s continues to rate 

Hawaiian Electric’s long-term debt. See ‘Electric utility–Liquidity and capital resources’ below.

Note: The above ratings reflect only the view, at the time the ratings are issued or affirmed, of the applicable rating agency, from whom an explanation of 
the significance of such ratings may be obtained. Such ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any securities; such ratings may be subject to 
revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies; and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

There were no new issuances of common stock through the HEI DRIP, HEIRSP or the ASB 401(k) Plan in 2021, 2020, or 

2019 and HEI satisfied the share purchase requirements of the DRIP, HEIRSP and ASB 401(k) Plan through open market 
purchases of its common stock. 

Off-balance sheet arrangements.  Although the Company and the Utilities have certain off-balance sheet arrangements, 
management has determined that it has no off-balance sheet arrangements that either have, or are reasonably likely to have, a 
current or future effect on the Company’s and the Utilities’ financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or 
expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors, including the 
following types of off-balance sheet arrangements:

1.

2.

3.

4.

obligations under guarantee contracts,

retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity or similar arrangements that serve as 
credit, liquidity or market risk support to that entity for such assets,

obligations under derivative instruments, and

obligations under a material variable interest held by the Company or the Utilities in an unconsolidated entity that 
provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to the Company or the Utilities, or engages in leasing, 
hedging or research and development services with the Company or the Utilities.

Material estimates and critical accounting policies.  In preparing financial statements, management is required to make 
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change include the amounts reported for pension and other 

postretirement benefit obligations; contingencies and litigation; income taxes; regulatory assets and liabilities; electric utility 
unbilled revenues; allowance for credit losses; fair value; and asset retirement obligations (AROs). Management considers an 
accounting estimate to be material if it requires assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made 
and changes in the assumptions selected could have a material impact on the estimate and on the Company’s results of 
operations or financial condition.

In accordance with SEC Release No. 33-8040, “Cautionary Advice Regarding Disclosure About Critical Accounting 
Policies,” management has identified the accounting policies it believes to be the most critical to the Company’s financial 
statements—that is, management believes that the policies discussed below are both the most important to the portrayal of the 
Company’s results of operations and financial condition, and currently require management’s most difficult, subjective or 
complex judgments. The policies affecting both of the Company’s two principal segments are discussed below and the policies 
affecting just one segment are discussed in the respective segment’s section of “Material estimates and critical accounting 
policies.” Management has reviewed the material estimates and critical accounting policies with the HEI Audit & Risk 
Committee and, as applicable, the Hawaiian Electric Audit & Risk Committee.

For additional discussion of the Company’s accounting policies, see Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and 

for additional discussion of material estimates and critical accounting policies, see the electric utility and bank segment 
discussions below under the same heading.

Pension and other postretirement benefits obligations.  The Company’s benefit obligations and reported costs of providing 

retirement benefits are dependent upon numerous factors resulting from actual plan experience and assumptions about future 
experience. For example, retirement benefits costs are impacted by actual employee demographics (including age and 
compensation levels), the level of contributions to the plans, earnings and realized and unrealized gains and losses on plan 
assets, and changes made to the provisions of the plans. Costs may also be significantly affected by changes in key actuarial 

45

assumptions, including the expected return on plan assets, the discount rate and mortality. The Company’s accounting for 
retirement benefits under the plans in which the employees of the Utilities participate is also adjusted to account for the impact 
of decisions by the PUC. Changes in obligations associated with the factors noted above may not be immediately recognized as 
costs on the income statement, but generally are recognized in future years over the remaining average service period of plan 
participants.

The discount rate used to calculate the Company’s benefit obligations is a significant assumption that affects the 

Company’s benefit obligations. As of December 31, 2021, the discount rate for HEI and the Utilities’ qualified pension plan 
was 3.05%. Based on various assumptions in Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, sensitivities of the projected 
benefit obligation (PBO) and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO) as of December 31, 2021, associated with 
a change in the discount rate, were as follows and constitute “forward-looking statements”:

Actuarial assumption

(dollars in millions)

Pension benefits

Discount rate

Other benefits

Discount rate

Change in assumption
in basis points

Impact on HEI 
Consolidated
PBO or APBO

Impact on Consolidated 
Hawaiian Electric
PBO or APBO

+/-50

+/-50

$(211)/$241

$(199)/$228

$(14)/$16

$(14)/$16

Also, see Notes 1 and 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Contingencies and litigation.  The Company is subject to proceedings (including PUC proceedings), lawsuits and other 

claims. Management assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments in or outcomes of these matters as well as potential 
ranges of probable losses, including costs of investigation. A determination of the amount of reserves required, if any, for these 
contingencies is based on an analysis of each individual case or proceeding often with the assistance of outside counsel. The 
required reserves may change in the future due to new developments in each matter or changes in approach in dealing with 
these matters, such as a change in settlement strategy.

In general, environmental contamination treatment costs are charged to expense, unless it is probable that the PUC would 
allow such costs to be recovered through future rates, in which case such costs would be capitalized as regulatory assets. Also, 
environmental costs are capitalized if the costs extend the life, increase the capacity, or improve the safety or efficiency of 
property; the costs mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination; or the costs are incurred in preparing the property 
for sale.

See Notes 1, 3 and 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income taxes.  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the financial 

reporting bases and the tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities using tax rates expected to be in effect when such 
deferred tax assets or liabilities are realized or settled. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the 
generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. 

Management evaluates its potential exposures from tax positions taken that have or could be challenged by taxing 
authorities. These potential exposures result because taxing authorities may take positions that differ from those taken by 
management in the interpretation and application of statutes, regulations and rules. Management considers the possibility of 
alternative outcomes based upon past experience, previous actions by taxing authorities (e.g., actions taken in other 
jurisdictions) and advice from its tax advisors. Management believes that the Company’s provision for tax contingencies is 
reasonable. However, the ultimate resolution of tax treatments disputed by governmental authorities may adversely affect the 
Company’s current and deferred income tax amounts.

See Note 12 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Following are discussions of the electric utility and bank segments. Additional segment information is shown in Note 2 of 

the Consolidated Financial Statements. The discussion concerning Hawaiian Electric should be read in conjunction with its 
consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.

Electric utility

Executive overview and strategy.  The Utilities provide electricity on all the principal islands in the state, other than Kauai, to 
approximately 95% of the state’s population, and operate five separate grids. The Utilities’ mission is to provide innovative 
energy leadership for Hawaii, to meet the needs and expectations of customers and communities, and to empower them with 
affordable, reliable and clean energy. The goal is to create a modern, resilient, flexible, and dynamic electric grid that enables 
an optimal mix of distributed energy resources, such as private rooftop solar, demand response, and grid-scale resources to 

46

enable the creation of smart, sustainable, resilient communities and achieve its decarbonization goals that are aligned with the 
statutory goal of 100% renewable energy by 2045.

Recent developments—COVID-19.  

See also Recent developments—COVID-19 in HEI’s MD&A.

Starting in early December, new COVID-19 case counts, which now include the Omicron variant, started to increase and 

reached a high of 4,666 cases per day (7-day average) on January 19, 2022. Since then, case counts have declined rapidly, 
reaching a 7-day average daily case count of 256 as of February 22, 2022. Although case counts have increased, the severity of 
the disease appears to be lower than the Delta variant. As a result, the state and counties have generally not reinstituted the same 
restrictions that were put in place to manage the Delta variant. The economy remains open for business and the mandatory 
quarantine period for travelers who have not been vaccinated or who have not provided evidence of a negative COVID test has 
been reduced to five days. For the full year 2021, driven by the broader reopening of the economy, the demand for electricity 
has increased 1.7% from 2020 levels; however, the full year 2021 kWh sales are still 5.5% below the pre-pandemic level of 
kWh sales in 2019. 

While the Utilities’ electric energy revenues have not been significantly impacted due to the decoupling mechanism, which 
allows recovery of the difference between PUC approved target revenues and recorded adjusted revenues regardless of the level 
of kWh sales, the timing of customer collections would be delayed (or accelerated) if the level of kWh sales decreases below 
(or increases above) the estimated kWh sales. See “Decoupling” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a 
discussion of decoupling. As part of the annual review cycle, the Utilities submit bi-annual decoupling filings (fall and spring 
revenue report) to the PUC. The fall revenue report requests recovery by the utility (or refund to customers) of the difference 
between recorded adjusted revenues and target revenues under the RBA. The difference is collected or refunded through an 
adjustment to customer rates in the following year based on estimated sales, starting on January 1st of that following year, 
which has an impact on the timing of the Utilities’ cash flow. Additionally, although the Utilities’ decoupling mechanism 
allows for collection under the RBA, the RBA balance accrues interest only at the short-term debt rate from the last rate case 
(2.5% for Hawaiian Electric, 3.75% for Hawaii Electric Light and 3.0% for Maui Electric). As of December 31, 2021, the RBA 
balance was approximately $28.5 million, compared to $7.6 million as of December 31, 2020. The billed accounts receivable 
balance, net of allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2021, was $187 million, or 26.4% higher, than the billed 
account receivable balance as of December 31, 2020, due in part to higher fuel prices resulting in higher bills. The past due 
accounts receivable balance increased by $19 million, or 38%, since December 31, 2020 with a corresponding increase in the 
number of accounts past due by approximately 13% for the same period. The increase in accounts receivables was primarily 
driven by higher fuel prices, as well as lower cash receipts associated with the auto-enrollment of customers in payment plans, 
starting in July 2021 through mid-September 2021, under which the past due balances are recovered over a 12-18 month period. 
While the moratorium on customer disconnections ended on May 31, 2021, the Utilities initially focused its efforts on working 
with customers to enroll in payment plans and seek other bill assistance for customers through funding from non-profit 
organizations, as well as state and county relief programs. Starting in September 2021, the Utilities have begun the 
disconnection process for those customers that have not enrolled in payment plans or that have not adhered to their payment 
plans, beginning with the largest and oldest amounts in arrears. At this time, the delay in customer cash collections has not 
significantly affected the Utilities’ liquidity. The Utilities are prepared to address, if needed, the financing requirement related 
to the delayed timing of cash flows collected under the decoupling mechanism through the RBA and the modest slowing or 
reduction in accounts receivable collections from customers. See “Financial Condition—Liquidity and capital resources” for 
additional information.

The Utilities provide an essential service to the State of Hawaii, and have continued to operate to protect the health and 
safety of employees and customers and to ensure system reliability, and have been following the Governor’s directive that the 
Utilities take necessary measures to ensure they can operate in the normal course. The Utilities have also implemented certain 
aspects of their business continuity plans, which includes the activation of its Incident Management Team to closely manage the 
response to the pandemic and have implemented practices related to employee and facilities hygiene in order to ensure the 
reliability and resilience of their operations. 

In the second quarter of 2020, the PUC approved the deferral of certain COVID-19 related costs, such as higher bad debt 

expense, higher financing costs, non-collection of late payment fees, increased personal protective equipment costs, and 
sequestration costs for mission-critical employees. As of December 31, 2021, these cumulative costs, which have been deferred 
and recorded as a regulatory asset, totaled approximately $27.8 million (see also discussion under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and 
“Regulatory assets for COVID-19 related costs” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements). The Utilities currently 
have approval to defer COVID-19 related costs through December 31, 2021 and will be seeking recovery of the deferred costs 
in a separate proceeding at a future date. Looking forward, while the distribution and administration of the COVID-19 vaccine 
has allowed for fewer restrictions and a broader reopening of the Hawaii economy, a worsening of COVID-19 case counts with 
the Omicron or other variants or a  prolonged period of current or more severe COVID-19 restrictions could adversely affect the 
ability of the Utilities’ contractors, suppliers, IPPs, and other business partners to perform or fulfill their obligations timely, or 

47

at all, or require modifications to existing contracts, which could adversely affect the Utilities’ business, increase expenses, and 
impact the Utilities’ ability to achieve their RPS and other climate related goals. Additionally, while the state’s aggressive 
response to the pandemic has managed to control the spread of the coronavirus, the measures taken have had a negative 
economic impact on the state’s businesses and residents, which may influence the PUC’s actions regarding future rate increases. 
See “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part II for additional discussion of risks.

For a discussion regarding the impact of the economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the Utilities’ 

liquidity and capital resources, see discussion under “Financial Condition–Liquidity and capital resources.” 

Performance-based regulations.  On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a D&O (PBR D&O) approving a new performance-
based regulation framework (PBR Framework). See “Regulatory proceedings” under “Commitments and contingencies” in 
Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Transition to a decarbonized and sustainable energy future.  The Utilities are fully committed to leading and enabling 
pathways to a decarbonized and sustainable energy future for Hawaii. The Utilities believe that a holistic approach to 
decarbonization is needed, and that such a strategy requires achieving the Utilities’ decarbonization and renewable energy 
commitments, facilitating and promoting beneficial electrification, and deploying carbon removal and offsets, among other 
levers, to reduce statewide emissions. 

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Utilities set a goal to cut carbon emissions from power generation 70% by 2030, 

compared to a 2005 baseline. The emissions covered by this goal include stack emissions from generation owned by Hawaiian 
Electric and IPPs who sell electricity to the Utilities. The 2030 commitment would provide a significant portion of the reduction 
the entire Hawaii economy needs to meet the U.S. target of cutting carbon emissions by at least 50% economy-wide by 2030. 
Hawaiian Electric has also committed to achieving net zero carbon emissions from power generation by 2045 or sooner. Key 
elements of the 2030 plan include the closure of the state’s last coal-fired IPP plant in 2022 upon expiry of the PPA, increasing 
rooftop solar by more than 50% over 2021 levels, retiring six fossil fuel generating units, adding at least 1 GW of renewable 
generation to what was already in place in 2021, increasing grid-scale and customer-owned storage, expanding geothermal 
resources, and creating customer incentives for using clean, lower-cost energy at certain times of the day and using less fossil-
fueled energy at night. The retirement of fossil-fueled generating units to achieve the Utilities’ 70% decarbonization goal is 
consistent with state policy and supported by Hawaii State law. See “Forecast of capital expenditures—Liquidity and capital 
resources” for a discussion of potential capital expenditures related to decarbonization efforts.

On September 1, 2022, the last coal-fired IPP plant in the state, providing approximately 10% of Oahu’s generation, will 

cease operations, removing a significant amount of GHG emissions from the Utilities’ generation mix. The plant’s aging 
infrastructure could lead to more unscheduled outages compared to historic performance, which may impact system reliability. 
See “Retirement of the AES coal plant” in the “Risk Factor” section for additional information on the transition risks.  

In anticipation of the retirement of the coal-fired IPP plant, the Utilities have developed plans, including contingency plans, 

to ensure reliable service through the transition period. These plans include the anticipated addition of ten renewable energy/
storage projects, reserve capacity from existing generation sources, the acceleration of maintenance work during periods with 
anticipated higher reserve levels, multiple demand response/distributed energy resources programs and a proposed battery 
project. However, future events, including unexpected issues with existing generation, or supply chain issues and inflationary 
pressures, as well as federal policies related to solar panel imports, among other factors, delay in the commercial operation of 
new generation resources, could disrupt the ability of the Utilities to deliver reliable service. Also, see the “Developments in 
renewable energy efforts—New renewable PPAs” section below.

Hawaii’s renewable portfolio standard law requires electric utilities to meet an RPS of 30%, 40%, 70% and 100% by 

December 31, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2045, respectively. Hawaii law has also established a target of sequestering more 
atmospheric carbon and greenhouse gases than emitted within the state by 2045. The Utilities’ strategies and plans are fully 
aligned in meeting these targets.

The Utilities have made significant progress on the path to clean energy and have been successful in achieving RPS goals. 
The Utilities reached its 2015 RPS goal two years early and exceeded the 30% RPS target for 2020, achieving an RPS of 34.5% 
that year. In 2021, the Utilities achieved an RPS of 38.4%. The Utilities will continue to actively procure additional renewable 
energy post-2021 and expect to meet or exceed the next statutory RPS goal of 40% in advance of the 2030 compliance 
year. (See “Developments in renewable energy efforts” below). 

If the Utilities are not successful in meeting the RPS targets as mandated by law, the PUC could assess a penalty of $20 for 
every MWh that an electric utility is deficient. Based on the level of electricity sales in 2021, a 1% shortfall in meeting the 2030 
RPS requirement of 40% would translate into a penalty of approximately $1.7 million. The PUC has the discretion to reduce the 
penalty due to events or circumstances that are outside an electric utility’s reasonable control, to the extent the event or 
circumstance could not be reasonably foreseen and ameliorated. In addition to penalties under the RPS law, failure to meet the 

48

mandated RPS targets would be expected to result in a higher proportion of fossil fuel-based generation than if the RPS target 
had been achieved, which in turn would be expected to subject the Utilities to limited commodity fossil fuel price exposure 
under a fuel cost risk-sharing mechanism. The fuel cost risk-sharing mechanism apportions 2% of the fuel cost risk to the 
utilities (and 98% to ratepayers) and has a maximum exposure (or benefit) of $3.7 million. Conversely, the Utilities have 
incentives under PIMs that provide a financial reward for accelerating the achievement of renewable generation as a percentage 
of total generation, including customer supplied generation. The Utilities may earn a reward for the amount of system 
generation above the interpolated statutory RPS goal at $20/MWh in 2022, $15/MWh in 2023, and $10/MWh for the remainder 
of the multi-year rate period.

The Utilities are fully aligned with, and supportive of, state policy to achieve a decarbonized future and have made 
significant progress in reducing emissions through renewable energy and electrification. This alignment with state policy is 
reflected in management compensation programs and the Utilities’ long-range plans, which include aspirational targets in order 
to catalyze action and accelerate the transition away from fossil fuels throughout its operations at a pace more rapid than 
dictated by current law. The long-range plans, including aspirational targets, serve as guiding principles in the Utilities’ 
continued transformation, and are updated regularly to adapt to changing technology, costs and other factors. While there is no 
financial penalty for failure to achieve the Utilities’ long-range aspirational objectives, the Utilities recognize that there are 
environmental and social costs from the continued use of fossil fuels.

The State of Hawaii’s policy is supported by the regulatory framework and includes a number of mechanisms designed to 

maintain the Utilities’ financial stability during the transition toward the state’s decarbonized future. Under the sales decoupling 
mechanism, the Utilities are allowed to recover from customers, target test year revenues, independent of the level of kWh 
sales, which have generally declined (with the exception of 2019 and the first quarter of 2020), as privately-owned distributed 
energy resources have been added to the grid and energy efficiency measures have been put into place. Other regulatory 
mechanisms under the new PBR framework reduce some of the regulatory lag during the multi-year rate plan (MRP), such as 
the annual revenue adjustment to provide annual changes in utility revenues and the exceptional project recovery mechanism, 
which allows the Utilities to recover and earn on certain approved eligible projects placed into service. See “Regulatory 
proceedings” under “Commitments and contingencies” and “Decoupling” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Integrated Grid Planning.  Achieving high levels of renewable energy and a carbon free electric system will require 
modernizing the grid through coordinated energy system planning in partnership with local communities and stakeholders. To 
accomplish this, the Utilities are implementing an innovative systems approach to energy planning intended to yield the most 
cost-effective renewable energy and decarbonization pathways that incorporates customer and stakeholder input. 

The IGP utilizes an inclusive and transparent Stakeholder Engagement model to provide an avenue for interested parties to 
engage with the Utilities and contribute meaningful input throughout the IGP process. The IGP Stakeholder Council, Technical 
Advisory Panel and Working groups have been established and meet regularly to provide feedback and input on specific issues 
and process steps in the IGP. The Utilities submitted an updated IGP work plan to the PUC in January 2021. In August 2021, 
the Utilities submitted their Revised Inputs and Assumptions to the PUC for review and approval, marking the significant 
progress made through the stakeholder engagement phase of the IGP process. Once approved by the PUC, the next phase of the 
process, which includes the development of long-range integrated grid plans, will begin.

Demand response programs.  Pursuant to PUC orders, the Utilities are developing an integrated Demand Response (DR) 
Portfolio Plan that will enhance system operations and reduce costs to customers. The reduction in cost for the customer will 
take the form of either rates or incentive-based programs that will compensate customers for their participation individually, or 
by way of engagements with turnkey service providers that contract with the Utilities to aggregate and deliver various grid 
services on behalf of participating customers and their distributed assets.

On June 9, 2021, the PUC issued an order providing guidance to the third Grid Service RFP filed on February 23, 2021. 
The proposed Grid Service RFP focused only on Oahu and is seeking 60MW of grid services with focus on capacity reduction 
similarly in response to the potential reserve shortfall from the AES coal plant retirement scheduled on September 1, 2022. The 
Utilities filed a final draft and received PUC approval to proceed on August 3, 2021. The Utilities subsequently issued an 
approved Grid Services RFP and the bids were due on October 13, 2021. The Utilities made their final selections on November 
10, 2021 and commenced negotiations immediately after. The Utilities are targeting to execute GSPA contracts in early 2022 
and file to the PUC for approval.

On June 8, 2021, the PUC approved the new program, Emergency Demand Response Program (EDRP), a battery storage 

incentive program to dispatch electricity between 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. daily from participating residential and commercial 
customers, to address the potential reserve shortfalls following the AES coal plant retirement. The PUC approved EDRP for 
50MW on Oahu with an incentive budget not to exceed $34 million, which will be recovered via a surcharge cost recovery 
mechanism over a 10-year amortization. The Utilities’ implementation plan was approved by the PUC on June 30, 2021, and 
the Utilities subsequently filed the updated EDRP tariffs on July 1, 2021. As of December 31, 2021, the Utilities have received 
and approved the applications totaling approximately 3.47 MW. 

49

 
Grid modernization.  The overall goal of the Grid Modernization Strategy is to deploy modern grid investments at an 

appropriate priority, sequence and pace to cost-effectively maximize flexibility, minimize the risk of redundancy and 
obsolescence, deliver customer benefits and enable greater distributed energy resources and renewable energy integration. 
Under the Grid Modernization Strategy, the Utilities expect that new technology will help increase adoption of private rooftop 
solar and make use of rapidly evolving products, including storage and advanced inverters. The Utilities are implementing 
Phase 1 of their Grid Modernization Strategy (proportional deployment), which received PUC approval on March 25, 2019. The 
estimated cost for this initial phase is approximately $86 million and is expected to be incurred over five years. As of 
December 31, 2021, approximately $36 million has been incurred to date under Phase 1 and is currently being recovered under 
the Exceptional Project Recovery Mechanism (formerly known as MPIR adjustment mechanism) until such costs are included 
in base rates. The Utilities have deployed over 50,000 advanced meters since the beginning of deployment and is working with 
the PUC on plans to expand Phase 1 to cover full service territory.

The Utilities filed an application with the PUC on September 30, 2019 for an Advanced Distribution Management System 

(ADMS) as part of the second phase of their Grid Modernization Strategy implementation. However, on December 30, 2019, 
the PUC suspended the Utilities’ application for the Advanced Distribution Management System pending the Utilities’ filing of 
a supplemental application for the broad deployment of field devices. This supplement and update to the Grid Mod Phase 2 
field devices application was filed on March 31, 2021. The estimated cost for the implementation over five years of the ADMS 
and field devices, which includes capital, deferred and O&M costs, is $105 million. A PUC order was issued on April 27, 2021, 
unsuspending and resuming consideration of the Phase 2 Application. The Utilities filed the reply statement of position on 
October 15, 2021, completing the discovery phase of the docket. On November 16, 2021, the PUC suspended the Utilities’ 
ADMS and Phase 2 field device application to focus the Utilities’ attention on completing Phase 1. The Utilities filed a Motion 
for Reconsideration with the PUC in response to the suspension, but was denied. The PUC subsequently clarified that the 
Utilities may resume the Phase 2 docket no earlier than six months before Phase 1 is scheduled to be complete. Phase 1 is 
currently scheduled to finish by the end of 2023; however, the PUC is considering expanding the scope of Phase 1 meter 
installations to full service territory deployment, with proposed completion dates of the third quarter of 2024 or the second 
quarter of 2025. Resumption of the Phase 2 proceeding would likely commence six months prior to the completion date 
selected by the PUC.

Community-based renewable energy.  In December 2017, the PUC adopted a community-based renewable energy (CBRE) 
program framework which allows customers who cannot, or chose not to, take advantage of private rooftop solar to receive the 
benefits of renewable energy to help offset their monthly electric bills and support clean energy for Hawaii. The program has 
two phases.  

The first phase, which commenced in July 2018, totals 8 MW of solar photovoltaic (PV) only with one credit rate for each 

island, closed on April 9, 2020. 

The second phase, which commenced on April 9, 2020, allows up to 235 MW across all Hawaiian Electric service 
territories in two tranches for small (under 250 kW) and large system sizes to encourage a variety of system sizes. To provide 
opportunities for low- to moderate-income (LMI) customers to participate in the program, separate project proposals may be 
submitted specifically targeting LMI customers. 

Eight RFPs were required by order: one each for Oahu, Maui, Hawaii Island, Molokai, and Lanai, and LMI-specific RFPs 
for Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii Island. LMI projects do not have a size cap nor do they decrease the 235 MW capacity available to 
other projects. 

For Lanai, the Utilities proposed to combine the previously issued Variable Renewable Dispatchable Generation Paired 
with Energy Storage RFP and the CBRE RFP to optimize the benefits of procuring renewable energy, spurring development 
and increasing the likelihood of success of the CBRE Program on Lanai. See “Developments in renewable energy efforts–
Requests for renewable proposals, expressions of interest, and information” for additional information.

On November 22, 2021, CBRE RFPs for Molokai and Lanai were issued and are currently accepting proposals through 
February 15, 2022. On February 8, 2022, the PUC approved, subject to modifications, the CBRE and LMI CBRE RFPs for 
Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii Island. The Utilities filed the final RFPs with the PUC on February 23, 2022.

For small CBRE projects less than 250 kW in size, the Utilities are planning to accept projects over a four-month period on 

a first come first served basis as soon as the PUC approves the Utilities’ final tariff and contracts, filed on September 8, 2020. 
The PUC reserved 30 MW as well as a small amount of unallocated capacity from Phase 1 for small projects in Phase 2 on 
Oahu, Maui and Hawaii Island. If applications exceed the program capacity for that island, then a reverse auction process called 
Competitive Credit Rate Procurement will be triggered to allocate project capacity and determine the credit rate. The Utilities 
have developed a CBRE Portal where customers can subscribe to a project once the Subscriber Organization has added their 
project to the portal. 

50

Microgrid services tariff proceeding.  In enacting Act 200 of 2018, the Hawaii legislature found that Hawaii’s residents 

and businesses were vulnerable to disruptions in the islands’ energy systems caused by extreme weather events or other 
disasters, and stated its belief that the use of microgrids would build energy resiliency into Hawaii’s communities, thereby 
increasing public safety and security. The purpose of Act 200 was therefore to encourage and facilitate the development and use 
of microgrids through the establishment of a standard microgrid services tariff. In July 2018, pursuant to Act 200, the PUC 
opened a proceeding to investigate the establishment of a microgrid services tariff. In August 2019, the PUC issued an order 
prioritizing items for resolution in the docket and directed the Parties to establish working groups (the “Working Group”) to 
address issues identified by the PUC.

On March 30, 2020, the Utilities filed a Draft Microgrid Services Tariff and updated language for various distributed 
energy resources Rules. On November 30, 2020, the PUC held a technical conference to present its proposed redlines to the 
Utilities’ Draft Microgrid Services Tariff and related documents. On February 1, 2021, the Working Group filed its Draft 
Microgrid Tariff reflecting areas of consensus and disagreement among the Parties. On May 17, 2021, the PUC issued an order 
directing the Utilities to submit the Microgrid Services Tariff and appendices as modified by the PUC. The PUC further stated 
its intent to issue a separate order to govern the next phase of the Microgrid Tariff proceeding. On May 27, 2021, the Utilities 
filed the Microgrid Service Tariff. 

On September 21, 2021, the PUC provided guidance for Phase 2 of the Microgrid Tariff proceeding, specifically 

identifying the objective for Phase 2 to promote self-sufficiency and resilience among microgrid project operators, as well as to 
further streamline the Microgrid Services Tariff where applicable. Furthermore, the PUC instructed Parties to recommend 
priority topics, along with supporting rationale to better inform the topics that will be discussed during this phase of the 
proceeding, which the parties submitted by October 21, 2021.

Decoupling.  See “Decoupling” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of decoupling.

Regulated returns. As part of the PBR Framework’s annual review cycle, the Utilities track their rate-making ROACEs as 
calculated under the earnings sharing mechanism, which includes only items considered in establishing rates. At year-end, each 
utility’s rate-making ROACE is compared against its ROACE allowed by the PUC to determine whether earnings sharing has 
been triggered. The D&O in the PBR proceeding modified the earnings sharing mechanism to a symmetric arrangement. 
Effective with annual earnings for 2021, the earnings sharing will be triggered for achieved rate-making ROACE outside of a 
300 basis points dead band above and below the current authorized rate-making ROACE of 9.5% for each of the Utilities. 
Earnings sharing credits or recoveries will be included in the biannual report (formally known as annual decoupling filing) to be 
filed with the PUC in the spring of the following year. Results for 2021, 2020, and 2019 did not trigger the earnings sharing 
mechanism for the Utilities.

Actual and PUC-allowed returns, as of December 31, 2021, were as follows:

%

Rate-making 
Return on rate base (RORB)*

Year ended December 31, 2021

Utility returns

PUC-allowed returns

Difference

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Hawaiian 
Electric

ROACE**

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Hawaiian 
Electric

5.96 

7.52 

6.61 

7.43 

8.53 

9.50 

6.51 

9.50 

7.41 

9.50 

9.38 

9.50 

Hawaiian 
Electric

7.28 

7.37 

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light

7.02 

9.50 

Maui 
Electric

8.22 

9.50 

Rate-making ROACE***

(0.09) 

(1.56) 

(0.82) 

(0.97) 

(2.99) 

(2.09) 

(0.12) 

(2.48) 

(1.28) 

*       Based on recorded operating income and average rate base, both adjusted for items not included in determining electric rates.
**     Recorded net income divided by average common equity.
***   ROACE adjusted to remove items not included by the PUC in establishing rates, such as incentive compensation.

The factors contributing to the difference gap between PUC-allowed ROACEs and the ROACEs actually achieved prior to 

the establishment of PBR include the exclusion of certain expenses from rates (for example, incentive compensation and 
charitable contributions), the recognition of annual RAM revenues on June 1 annually rather than on January 1, and return on 
capital additions since the last rate case in excess of indexed escalations. As a result of the D&O in the PBR proceeding, the 
Utilities are allowed to recognize previously established RAM adjustment and ARA revenues on January 1 of each year.

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Results of operations.

2021 vs. 2020 

2021
$  2,540 

2020
$  2,265 

Increase (decrease)
$ 

275 

(dollars in millions, except per barrel amounts)

Revenues. Net increase largely due to:
$  139  higher fuel costs offset by lower kWh generated1

110  higher kWh purchased, higher purchased power energy costs and higher PPAC revenue2
13  higher revenue from 2020 RAM and ARA adjustments, which included the customer 

dividend and an offset of management audit savings delivered to customers

6  accrual of Hawaiian Electric ERP system implementation benefits to be returned to 

customers completed in 2020

5  higher other revenues from activities billed to third parties

3  higher PIMs revenue

Fuel oil expense.1 Net increase largely due to higher fuel oil prices and lower fuel 
efficiency due to planned maintenance outages of certain generating units, partially offset 
by lower kWh generated

Purchased power expense1,2.  Increase largely due to higher purchased power energy 
prices, higher kWh purchased and higher capacity charges

Operation and maintenance expense. Net increase largely due to:
7  more generating facility overhauls and maintenance work performed

3  ERP system costs amortization, which started for Hawaiian Electric in November 2020

2  Customer bill forgiveness and assistance in the fourth quarter of 2021
(2)  lower outside services for system support (Interactive Voice Response and development 

of portal for CBRE)

(3)  lower pension service cost due to reset of pension costs included in rates as part of 

Hawaiian Electric final rate case decision

(6)  lower Pearl Harbor environmental reserves in 2021

Other expenses. Increase due to higher revenue taxes, coupled with higher depreciation 
expense in 2021 for plant investments in 2020
Operating income. Increase due to higher RAM revenues, offset in part by higher 
depreciation expense

Income before income taxes. Increase due to higher RAM revenues, lower pension non-
service costs and higher AFUDC, partially offset by higher interest expense related to 
new long term debt issued in May 2020 and January 2021 and higher depreciation 
expense

Net income for common stock. Increase due to higher RAM revenues and lower 
pension non-service costs, partially offset by higher operating expense. See below for 
effective tax rate explanation

644 

515 

129 

670 

475 

569 

474 

102 

1 

470 

280 

224 

438 

269 

212 

31 

11 

12 

178 

169 

8 

 8.1% 

 8.1% 

 —% 

Return on average common equity

  80.06 

  63.00 

17.06 

  8,261 

  8,120 

  2,469 

  2,579 

141 

(110) 

Average fuel oil cost per barrel 
Kilowatt-hour sales (millions) 3
Number of full-time employees (at December 31)

1 The rate schedules of the electric utilities currently contain ECRCs through which changes in fuel oil prices and certain components of 

purchased energy costs are passed on to customers.

2 The rate schedules of the electric utilities currently contain PPACs through which changes in purchase power expenses (except purchased 

energy costs) are passed on to customers.

3 kWh sales were higher when compared to prior year largely due to recovery from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although 

international visitor arrivals have not recovered, increases in domestic travel, easing of restrictions, and high vaccination rates led to sales 
slowly rebounding as the year progressed but remained lower than pre-pandemic levels in 2019.

Hawaiian Electric’s effective tax rate (combined federal and state income tax rates) in 2021 and 2020 was slightly higher at 

20% in 2021, compared to 19%, primarily due to the lower amortization in 2021 of the Utilities’ regulatory liability related to 
certain excess deferred income taxes resulting from the Tax Act’s decrease in the federal income tax rate and a decrease in 
excess tax benefits related to share-based awards in 2021. These increases were partly offset by federal research and 
development tax claims in 2021.

For a discussion of 2019 results, please refer to the “Results of operations” section in Item 7, “Management Discussion and 

Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Electric utility,” in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The net book value (cost less accumulated depreciation) of utility property, plant and equipment (PPE) as of December 31, 

2021 amounted to $4.8 billion, of which approximately 26% related to generation PPE, 65% related to transmission and 
distribution PPE, and 9% related to other PPE. Approximately 8% of the total net book value relates to generation PPE that has 
been deactivated or that the Utilities plan to deactivate or decommission.

Regulatory proceedings.  On December 23, 2020, the PBR D&O was issued, establishing a new PBR Framework. The PBR 
Framework implemented a five-year multi-year rate period (MRP), during which there will be no general rate case applications. 
In the fourth year of the MRP, the PUC will comprehensively review the PBR Framework to determine if any modifications or 
revisions are appropriate. See also “Regulatory proceedings” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Developments in renewable energy efforts.  Developments in the Utilities’ efforts to further their renewable energy strategy 
include renewable energy projects discussed in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the following:

New renewable PPAs.

•

•

•

In December 2014, the PUC approved a PPA for Renewable As-Available Energy dated October 3, 2013 between 
Hawaiian Electric and Na Pua Makani Power Partners, LLC (NPM) for a proposed 24-MW wind farm on Oahu. In 
August 2020, the project was energized and commissioning of all wind turbines was completed. However, the project 
was paused due to a conductor deficiency. Hawaiian Electric reconductored the 46kV circuit and in December 2020, 
the project reached commercial operation. 

NPM received its Incidental Take Permit from the Department of Fish and Wildlife Service on September 7, 2018. 
Keep the North Shore Country (KNSC) has appealed this decision and the case has been transferred to the Hawaii 
Supreme Court. On June 17, 2020, KNSC filed a Motion for Stay Upon Appeal. On August 10, 2020, KNSC’s Motion 
for Stay Upon Appeal was denied. Oral arguments were held before the court on April 1, 2021, and the case is ready 
for decision making.

KNSC and Kahuku Community Association (KCA) have also petitioned to appeal NPM’s Conditional Use Permits 
issued by the Honolulu Department of Planning and Permitting. On August 6, 2020, the Zoning Board of Appeals 
(ZBA) granted NPM’s Motions to Dismiss the Appeal Petitions of KNSC and KCA. On November 17, 2020, the ZBA 
dismissed the appeals. On November 24, 2020, KNSC and KCA appealed the dismissal to the circuit court. The circuit 
court affirmed the ZBA’s dismissal of the appeals on June 30, 2021. On July 1, 2021, KNSC and KCA appealed that 
decision to the Hawaii Intermediate Court of Appeals where briefing is currently ongoing. The briefing was scheduled 
to conclude on January 28, 2022.

Life of the Land (LOL) filed a Motion for Relief to argue the PUC’s approval for NPM PPA was invalid and should be 
revised. Hawaiian Electric and the Consumer Advocate filed an opposition to this motion for relief. A hearing on the 
motion for relief was held on November 22, 2019. On April 16, 2020, the PUC issued an order denying LOL’s Motion 
for Relief. On April 27, 2020, LOL filed a Notice of Appeal of the PUC’s order with the Supreme Court of the State of 
Hawaii. In June 2021, the Supreme Court denied LOL’s appeal.

On December 31, 2019, Hawaii Electric Light and PGV entered into an Amended and Restated Power Purchase 
Agreement (ARPPA), subject to approval by the PUC. The ARPPA extends the term of the existing PPA by 25 years 
to 2052, expands the firm capacity of the facility to 46 MW and delinks the pricing for energy delivered from the 
facility from fossil fuel prices to reduce cost to customers. On March 31, 2021, the PUC suspended the docket pending 
the completion of a supplemental environmental review under the Hawaii Environmental Policy Act (HEPA). On 
November 2, 2021, the Office of Planning and Sustainable Development of the State of Hawaii (OPSD) sent a letter 
(November 2nd Letter) to the Honorable Mitch Roth, County of Hawaii, identifying the Planning Department for the 
County of Hawaii to be the accepting agency and approving authority for any required HEPA review. Shortly 
thereafter, the PUC lifted the suspension of the docket and stating the docket was ready for decision-making, however, 
the PUC gave the parties a chance to brief the PUC if they disagreed that the docket was ready for decision-making. 
On November 15, 2021 Puna Pono Alliance responded alleging that any decision should occur after PGV’s completed 
supplemental environmental review is available and sent a letter to Mayor Roth questioning OPSD’s authority to issue 
the November 2nd Letter. On December 8, 2021 Mayor Roth sent a letter to OPSD requesting clarification on OPSD’s 
determination that the County of Hawaii’s Planning Department is correctly identified as the accepting authority. 

The Utilities’ renewable energy goals depend, in large part, on the success of renewable projects developed and 
operated by independent power producers. Beginning in 2017, the Utilities embarked on an ambitious procurement 
effort, selecting multiple solar plus storage efforts to help reach the Utilities renewable portfolio standards goals as 
well as to assist the Utilities in retiring fossil fuel generation. Several of the recently procured projects have 
experienced delays or have been declared null and void by the independent power producers due to a number of issues, 
including supply chain disruptions caused by impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, solar product detentions at U.S. 

53

ports of entry ordered by the U.S. Customers and Border Protection agency, and unforeseen site conditions which 
resulted in unanticipated project costs or in some cases the inability to effectively use previously identified project 
sites. Significant project delays or failures of these projects increase the risk of the Utilities not meeting the renewable 
portfolio standards or other climate related goals, eligibility for performance incentive mechanisms associated with the 
speed of increasing renewable generation, and the ability to retire fossil fuel units.

Tariffed renewable resources.

•

•

As of December 31, 2021, there were approximately 550 MW, 117 MW and 131 MW of installed distributed 
renewable energy technologies (mainly PV) at Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, 
respectively, for tariff-based private customer generation programs, namely Standard Interconnection Agreement, Net 
Energy Metering, Net Energy Metering Plus, Customer Grid Supply, Customer Self Supply, Customer Grid Supply 
Plus and Interim Smart Export. As of December 31, 2021, an estimated 32% of single-family homes on the islands of 
Oahu, Hawaii and Maui have installed private rooftop solar systems, and approximately 20% of the Utilities’ total 
customers have solar systems.   

The Utilities began accepting energy from feed-in tariff projects in 2011. As of December 31, 2021, there were 43 
MW, 3 MW and 6 MW of installed feed-in tariff capacity from renewable energy technologies at Hawaiian Electric, 
Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, respectively.

Biofuel sources. 

•

•

In July 2018, the PUC approved Hawaiian Electric’s three-year biodiesel supply contract with Pacific Biodiesel 
Technologies, LLC (PBT) to supply 2 million to 4 million gallons of biodiesel at Hawaiian Electric’s Schofield 
Generating Station and the Honolulu International Airport Emergency Power Facility (HIA Facility) and any other 
generating unit on Oahu, as necessary. The PBT contract became effective on November 1, 2018, and has been 
extended for one year through December 2022. Hawaiian Electric also has a spot buy contract with PBT to purchase 
additional quantities of biodiesel at or below the price of diesel. Some purchases of “at parity” biodiesel have been 
made under the spot purchase contract, which was extended through June 2023. On June 30, 2021, the Utilities issued 
an RFP for all fuels, including biodiesel, for supply commencing January 1, 2023. The Utilities and PBT signed an 
agreement on December 13, 2021 for supply of biodiesel on all islands commencing January 1, 2023, subject to PUC 
approval.

Hawaiian Electric has a contingency supply contract with REG Marketing & Logistics Group, LLC to also supply 
biodiesel to any generating unit on Oahu in the event PBT is not able to supply necessary quantities. This contingency 
contract has been extended to November 2022, and will continue with no volume purchase requirements. 

Requests for renewable proposals, expressions of interest, and information.

•

•

Under a request for proposal process governed by the PUC and monitored by independent observers, in February 
2018, the Utilities issued RFPs for 220 MW of renewable generation on Oahu, 50 MW of renewable generation on 
Hawaii Island, and 60 MW of renewable generation on Maui. As of December 31, 2021, summarized information for a 
total of 8 PPAs is as follows: 

Utilities

Number of 
contracts

Total 
photovoltaic 
size (MW)

BESS Size 
(MW/MWh)

Guaranteed 
commercial 
operation dates

Contract 
term 
(years)

Total projected 
annual payment 
(in millions)

Hawaiian Electric

Hawaii Electric Light

Maui Electric

Total

4

2

2

8

139.5

139.5/558

7/31/22, 9/7/22, 
9/30/22 & 8/31/23

20 & 25

$ 

60

75

60/240

11/3/22 & 12/2/22

75/300

4/28/23 & 10/27/23

274.5

274.5/1,098

25

25

$ 

31.9 

14.1 

17.6 

63.6 

The Utilities have received PUC approvals to recover the total projected annual payment of $63.6 million for the eight 
PPAs through the PPAC to the extent such costs are not included in base rates. 

In continuation of their February 2018 request for proposal process, the Utilities issued their Stage 2 Renewable RFPs 
for Oahu, Maui and Hawaii Island and Grid Services RFP on August 22, 2019. Final awards for the renewable projects 
were made on May 8, 2020. Final awards for the grid services projects were made starting in January 2020. On Oahu, 
seven solar-plus-storage projects and one standalone storage project totaling approximately 281 MW of generation and 
1.8 GWh of storage were selected. On Maui, three solar-plus-storage projects and one standalone storage project 
totaling approximately 100 MW of generation and 560 MWh of storage were selected. On Hawaii Island, two solar-
plus-storage projects and one standalone storage project totaling approximately 72 MW of generation and 492 MWh of 

54

 
 
storage were selected. Two Utility Self-Build projects were among those selected; a 40-MW, 160-MWh standalone 
energy storage system on Maui and a 12-MW, 12-MWh storage system on Hawaii Island. Three renewable plus 
storage projects voluntarily withdrew from the process prior to execution of a power purchase agreement for various 
reasons, including change in circumstances for the developer and a misunderstanding of contract requirements. As of 
December 31, 2021, the Utilities had filed 10 PPAs, 2 grid services purchase agreements (GSPA) and 2 applications 
for commitments of funds for capital expenditures for approval of the utility self-build projects with the PUC. On 
October 25, 2021, one solar-plus-storage project on Hawaii Island was declared null and void by the developer. On 
December 6, 2021, one solar-plus-storage project on Oahu was declared null and void by the developer. On January 
14, 2022, the Utilities filed an additional solar plus storage PPA for approval for 42 MW of generation and 168 MWh 
of storage.

A summary of the 9 PPAs that are still under active development, is as follows:

Utilities

Number 
of 
contracts

Total 
photovoltaic 
size (MW)

BESS Size   
(MW/MWh)

Guaranteed commercial 
operation dates

Contract 
term 
(years)

Total projected 
annual payment  
(in millions)

Hawaiian Electric

Hawaiian Electric

Maui Electric

Total

5

1 *

3

9

214

N/A

100

314

214/983

185/565

100/400

499/1,780

5/17/23, 10/30/23, 
12/29/23, 12/31/23 & 
4/9/2024

12/30/22

4/30/23, 4/30/23 & 
12/29/23

20 & 25

$ 

20

25

$ 

59.3 

24.0 

28.2 

111.5 

*  See further discussion under “Review of Interconnection Process and Kapolei Energy Storage Power Purchase Agreement” below. 

As of December 31, 2021, seven projects that have been approved by the PUC remain in development – six solar-plus-
storage PPAs (257 MW) and one standalone storage PPA (185 MW). The total projected annual payment of $95.8 
million for these PPAs will be recovered through the PPAC to the extent such costs are not included in base rates. On 
February 15, 2022, the Utilities filed letters with the PUC requesting approval of amendments to two of the previously-
approved PPAs for Stage 2, one on Oahu and one on Maui, that address delays and price increase due to the 
COVID-19 pandemic and the global supply-chain crisis, as well as other market conditions that have arisen during the 
development of these projects.

A summary of the GSPAs that were approved by PUC in December 2020 is as follows:

Utilities

Fast Frequency 
Response - 1
(MW)

Fast Frequency 
Response - 2
(MW)

Capacity - 
Load Build
(MW)

Capacity - 
Load Reduction
(MW)

Hawaiian Electric

Hawaii Electric Light

Maui Electric

Total

—

6.0

6.1

12.1

26.7

—

—

26.7

14.5

3.2

1.9

19.6

19.4

4.0

4.7

28.1

A summary of the utility self-build projects that are pending PUC approval is as follows:

Utilities

Number of 
contracts

BESS Size 
(MW/MWh)

Guaranteed commercial 
operation dates

Hawaii Electric Light

Maui Electric

Total

1

1

2

12/12

40/160

52/172

12/30/22

4/28/23

•

On November 27, 2019, the Utilities issued RFPs for renewable generation paired with energy storage on the islands 
of Lanai and Molokai. The Utilities were seeking PV paired with storage or small wind (specified as 100 kW turbines 
or smaller) on Molokai and PV paired with storage on Lanai. The RFP on Lanai was postponed on January 14, 2020 to 
allow the Utility to re-evaluate the scope of the RFP in response to announced plans to remove two large resorts from 
the grid. Proposals for the Molokai RFP were received on February 14, 2020. In light of a PUC order issued on April 
9, 2020 in the CBRE docket, the Utilities proposed in their July 9, 2020 filing to combine the previously issued and 
subsequently postponed Lanai RFP with the CBRE RFP described in the order to optimize the benefits of procuring 
renewable energy, spurring development and increasing the likelihood of success of the CBRE program on Lanai. On 
May 21, 2021, the PUC approved the proposed combined Lanai RFP. On October 15, 2020, the Utilities selected one 
project from the Molokai RFP for a total of 4.5 MW of solar and 24 MWh of storage. The developer, however, 

55

 
 
declined to accept the award. On August 25 and 31, 2021, the Utilities filed proposed final drafts of the CBRE RFPs, 
which included three dedicated Low-to-Moderate-Income RFPs on Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, three Tranche 1 RFPs on 
Oahu, Maui and Hawaii, a Molokai CBRE RFP, and a combined Lanai Variable and CBRE RFP. On November 22, 
2021, CBRE RFPs for Molokai and Lanai were opened. On February 8, 2022, the PUC approved, subject to 
modifications, the CBRE and LMI CBRE RFPs for Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii island. The Utilities filed the final RFPs 
with the PUC on February 23, 2022.

•  The PUC issued a letter to the Utilities requesting development with a Stage 3 RFP on Hawaii Island on January 21, 

2021. In accordance with guidance provided by the PUC in a subsequent letter on April 20, 2021, the Utilities filed the 
Hawaii Island Grid Needs Assessment on July 15, 2021 and the draft RFP, including model contracts for PV+BESS, 
wind+BESS, standalone storage, firm renewable generation, and distributed energy resources aggregators on October 
15, 2021. The requirements in the Stage 3 RFP are guided by the results of the Grid Needs Assessment. On February 
22, 2022, the PUC sent a letter to the Utilities directing them to develop Stage 3 RFPs for Oahu and Maui. The 
Utilities are currently evaluating next steps.

•

On November 17, 2021, the Utilities filed a request with the PUC to develop an RFP for firm renewable generation for 
Oahu. On December 22, 2021, the PUC issued guidance to the Utilities on proceeding with such RFP. The Utilities are 
developing the RFP requirements and plan to file a draft RFP in the first quarter of 2022.

Review of Interconnection Process and Kapolei Energy Storage Power Purchase Agreement.

• 

In February 2021, the PUC initiated a docket for the purposes of reviewing the status and interconnection progress of 
various utility-related renewable projects (i.e. Stage 1 and Stage 2 RFP PPAs and CBRE) and the Utilities’ transition 
plans for the expiration of the AES power purchase agreement, the retirement of the Kahului Power Plant, and other 
fossil fuel power plant transition plans, as needed. The Utilities filed initial status updates on the project timelines, 
steps needed for each of the renewable projects to achieve commercial operation and steps the Utilities are taking to 
address projected extensions of guaranteed commercial operation dates (GCOD) for renewable projects under 
development, which are due to a variety of factors, including those outside of the control of the Utilities. The PUC 
subsequently held status conferences on the Utilities’ updates. In April 2021, the PUC issued an Order directing the 
Utilities to establish regulatory liabilities for the difference between the on-peak avoided cost and the unit price 
included in the applications for approval of the renewable project PPAs, effective with the GCOD included in the 
applications (the earliest GCOD included in the applications is July 2021) or from the date of the Order for CBRE 
Phase 1 projects. The amount of regulatory liabilities to be recorded in future periods are not determinable at this time 
and would be affected by a number of factors, including the length of the GCOD extension period, the monthly on-
peak avoided cost, as well as the factors described above. The Utilities filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the entire 
Order, or in the alternative to clarify that at most the PUC is directing the Utilities to track the information and not 
record the information at this time. The Utilities further requested a Stay of the Order pending resolution of the 
Motion. The Utilities maintain that extensions of GCODs are allowed under the PUC-approved contracts and that the 
Order has the unintended consequence of imposing penalties against the Utilities without due process. In May 2021, 
the PUC issued an order clarifying its Order and directed the Utilities to track costs to consumers caused by the 
perceived delay of renewable projects, and that the PUC does not intend to, at this time, impose any penalties on the 
Utilities. The full text of the Order, Motion for Reconsideration and request for a Stay of the Order, and clarification 
Order can be found on the PUC website at dms.puc.hawaii.gov/dms (Docket No. 2021-0024).

•  Also in April 2021, the PUC approved the Kapolei Energy Storage (KES) PPA (one of the PPAs as a result of the 
Stage 2 Renewable RFP process) (KES Decision and Order), subject to nine conditions, including the Utilities 
forgoing the second portion of the PIM rewards amounting up to $1.7 million for the Stage 1 RFP PPAs, removing 
grid constraints for the Utilities’ CBRE Phase 2 projects and for existing and new distributed energy programs, 
financial retirement of Hawaiian Electric generating units by specified dates and adjusting target revenues at the 
retirement dates for such retirements, and a requirement to charge the batteries in the project using significant levels of 
renewable energy generation. The financial retirement of the generating units described in the KES Decision and Order 
is contrary to the intent of Hawaii Revised Statutes §269-6(d), which encourages the recovery of stranded costs for the 
retirement of fossil fuel generation, and contrary to the regulatory compact under which in return for agreeing to 
commit capital necessary to allow utilities to meet their obligation to serve, utilities are assured recovery of their 
investment and a fair opportunity to earn a reasonable return on the capital prudently committed to the business. 
Hawaiian Electric filed a Motion for Reconsideration and Stay of the Decision and Order due to potentially significant 
financial and operational impacts. In May 2021, the PUC granted, in part, Hawaiian Electric’s Motion for 
Reconsideration and Stay. In this Order, the PUC addressed a number of Hawaiian Electric’s concerns, including 
removing the condition of the Utilities foregoing the PIM award from Stage 1 RFP projects, agreeing to address grid 
constraint concerns in respective DER and CBRE dockets and not in the KES docket, removing the minimum 

56

thresholds of charging energy coming from renewable energy generation and corresponding deadlines associated with 
these thresholds and modifying the condition on financial retirement of generating units. The PUC indicated the net 
book value of generating assets would be addressed at the time of retirement. The full text of the KES Decision and 
Order and the Motion for Reconsideration and Stay with respect thereto, and the Order granting, in part, Hawaiian 
Electric’s Motion for Reconsideration can be found on the PUC website at dms.puc.hawaii.gov/dms (Docket No. 
2020-0136).

Legislation and regulation.  Congress and the Hawaii legislature periodically consider legislation that could have positive or 
negative effects on the Utilities and their customers. Also see “Environmental regulation” in “Item 1. Business” and Note 3 of 
the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Fuel contracts.  The fuel contract entered into in January 2019, by the Utilities and PAR Hawaii Refining, LLC (PAR Hawaii), 
for the Utilities’ low sulfur fuel oil (LSFO), high sulfur fuel oil (HSFO), No. 2 diesel, and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) 
requirements was approved by the PUC, and became effective on April 28, 2019 and terminates on December 31, 2022. This 
contract is a requirement contract with no minimum purchases. If PAR Hawaii is unable to provide LSFO, HSFO, diesel and/or 
ULSD the contract allows the Utilities to purchase LSFO, HSFO, diesel and/or ULSD from another supplier. On June 30, 2021, 
the Utilities issued two RFPs for all fuels for supply commencing January 1, 2023. On February 1, 2022, the Utilities and PAR 
Hawaii entered into a fuel supply contract commencing January 1, 2023 and Second Amendment to the existing fuel contract to 
amend tier-1 volumes. The Second Amendment will take effect contingent upon PUC’s approval. The costs incurred under the 
contract with PAR Hawaii are recovered in the Utilities’ respective ECRCs.

On June 9, 2020, the Utilities and PAR Hawaii entered into a First Amendment to the fuel contract. The First Amendment 
amends only the LSFO pricing to create a two-tiered structure based on volume, with all tier-1 LSFO up to the tier-1 maximum 
to be purchased exclusively from PAR Hawaii at the established pricing, and purchases in excess of that volume (tier-2) either 
from PAR Hawaii at the established pricing, or from an alternative supplier. On August 4, 2020, the PUC approved the First 
Amendment, which has an effective date of July 15, 2020, on an interim basis. The PUC’s approval order allows the recovery 
of such costs associated with the First Amendment through the ECRC to the extent that the costs are not recovered in base rates. 
The PUC intends to review whether the First Amendment is reasonable and in the public interest in the final decision, but it will 
not subject the recovery of the costs between the interim decision and the final decision to retroactive disallowances. 

Army privatization.  On October 30, 2020, the PUC approved Hawaiian Electric’s 50-year contract with the U.S. Army to 
own, operate and maintain the electric distribution system serving the U.S. Army’s 12 installations on Oahu, including 
Schofield Barracks, Wheeler Army Airfield, Tripler Army Medical Center, Fort Shafter, and Army housing areas. Hawaiian 
Electric will acquire the Army’s existing distribution system for a stated purchase price of $16.3 million, under the approved 
contract, and will pay the Army in the form of a monthly credit against the monthly utility services charge over the 50-year term 
of the contract. The final purchase price is subject to Hawaiian Electric completing its due diligence and evaluation of the assets 
being acquired.

Hawaiian Electric will take ownership and all responsibilities for operation and maintenance of the system on March 1, 

2022 for a 50-year term, after a one-year transition period. Under the contract, Hawaiian Electric will make initial capital 
upgrades over the first six years of the contract and replacement of aging infrastructure over the 50-year term. In addition to its 
regular monthly electricity bill, the Army will pay Hawaiian Electric a monthly utility services charge to cover operations and 
maintenance expenses and provide recovery for capital upgrades, capital replacements, and the existing distribution system 
based on a rate of return determined by the PUC for regulated utility investments, as well as depreciation expense. A 
preliminary assessment estimated the capital needs of approximately $40 million in the first six years of the contract. The PUC 
requires Hawaiian Electric to file regular periodic reports on the activities and investments in fulfillment of the contract and will 
review the major projects planned on behalf of the Army. The annual impact on Hawaiian Electric’s earnings is not expected to 
be material and will depend on a number of factors, including the amount and timing of capital upgrades and capital 
replacement.

Liquidity and capital resources.  As of December 31, 2021, there were no amounts outstanding on Hawaiian Electric’s 
revolving credit facility and under its commercial paper program and the total amount of available borrowing capacity under the 
Utilities’ committed line of credit was $200 million.

57

Hawaiian Electric expects that its liquidity will continue to be moderately impacted at the Utilities due to ongoing 
COVID-19 impacts to the local economy. Compared to pre-pandemic levels, delinquent accounts receivable balances have 
increased, which could result in higher write-offs in the future, and kWh sales have generally declined, both of which impact 
the timing of cash flows and creates higher working capital requirements. However, the Utilities’ liquidity and access to capital 
remains adequate and is expected to remain adequate. As of December 31, 2021, the total amount of available borrowing 
capacity (net of commercial paper outstanding) under the Utilities’ committed lines of credit and cash and cash equivalents was 
approximately $252 million.

The moratorium on customer disconnections was lifted on May 31, 2021. Starting in the third quarter of 2021, the Utilities 

commenced the disconnection process on a tiered basis, targeting the oldest and largest balances first, which is expected to 
reduce delinquent accounts receivable balances over time and accelerate cash collections. 

Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated capital structure was as follows:

December 31
(dollars in millions)
Short-term borrowings
Long-term debt, net
Preferred stock
Common stock equity

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

— 
1,676 
34 
2,262 
3,972 

 —%  $ 
 42 
 1 
 57 
 100%  $ 

50 
1,561 
34 
2,142 
3,787 

 1% 

 41 
 1 
 57 
 100% 

Information about Hawaiian Electric’s commercial paper borrowings, borrowings from HEI, and line of credit facility were 

as follows:

(in millions)
Short-term borrowings1
Commercial paper
Line of credit draws
Borrowings from HEI

$ 

Year ended December 31, 2021
Average
balance

End-of-period
balance

December 31, 
2020

8  $ 
— 
— 
— 

—  $ 
— 
— 
200 

— 
— 
— 
275 

Undrawn capacity under line of credit facilities2
1 The maximum amount of external short-term borrowings by Hawaiian Electric during 2021 was approximately $52 million. At 

December 31, 2021, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric had short-term borrowings from Hawaiian Electric of $1 million and nil, 
respectively, which intercompany borrowings are eliminated in consolidation. In addition to the short-term borrowings above, on January 
15, 2021, Hawaiian Electric paid off the $50 million term loan dated as of May 19, 2020 (see Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements).

2 On April 19, 2021, Hawaiian Electric’s $75 million 364-day revolving credit agreement expired and was not renewed.

Hawaiian Electric utilizes short-term debt, typically commercial paper, to support normal operations, to refinance short-
term debt and for other temporary requirements. Hawaiian Electric also borrows short-term from HEI for itself and on behalf of 
Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, and Hawaiian Electric may borrow from or loan to Hawaii Electric Light and Maui 
Electric on a short-term basis. The intercompany borrowings among the Utilities, but not the borrowings from HEI, are 
eliminated in the consolidation of Hawaiian Electric’s financial statements. The Utilities periodically utilize long-term debt, 
borrowings of the proceeds of special purpose revenue bonds (SPRBs) issued by the State of Hawaii Department of Budget and 
Finance (DBF) and the issuance of privately placed unsecured senior notes bearing taxable interest, to finance the Utilities’ 
capital improvement projects, or to repay short-term borrowings used to finance such projects. The PUC must approve 
issuances, if any, of equity and long-term debt securities by the Utilities.

Credit agreement.  On April 19, 2021, Hawaiian Electric’s $75 million 364-day revolving credit agreement expired and 
was not renewed. On May 14, 2021, Hawaiian Electric entered into an agreement with a syndicate of nine financial institutions, 
to amend and restate its previously existing $200 million unsecured revolving credit agreement (Hawaiian Electric Facility). As 
of December 31, 2021, no amounts were outstanding under the facility. On February 18, 2022, the PUC approved Hawaiian 
Electric's request to extend the term of the $200 million Hawaiian Electric Facility to May 14, 2026 from May 13, 2022. See 
Note 5 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Credit ratings.  On March 17, 2021, S&P upgraded Hawaiian Electric’s issuer credit rating to “BBB” from “BBB-,” 

upgraded the short-term and commercial paper ratings to “A-2” from “A-3” and revised the outlook to stable from positive. The 
rating upgrade was primarily based on Hawaiian Electric’s strong financial measures, strength of the cumulative value of the 

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
regulatory protections, and S&P’s assessment of its stand-alone credit profile as sufficient to rate Hawaiian Electric higher than 
HEI. 

On April 20, 2021, Moody’s upgraded Hawaiian Electric’s senior unsecured rating and issuer rating to “Baa1” from 

“Baa2” and revised the outlook to stable from positive. The rating upgrade reflects Hawaiian Electric’s considerable progress in 
adding renewable resources to its energy supply mix and the improving regulatory relationship with the PUC. On June 25, 
2021, Fitch affirmed Hawaiian Electric’s “BBB+” long-term issuer default rating, “F2” short-term issuer default rating and 
stable outlook.

As of February 11, 2022, the Fitch, Moody’s and S&P ratings of Hawaiian Electric were as follows:

Long-term issuer default, long-term and issuer credit, respectively
Commercial paper
Senior unsecured debt/special purpose revenue bonds
Cumulative preferred stock (selected series)
Outlook

*  Not rated.

Fitch
BBB+
F2
A-
*
Stable

Moody’s
Baa1
P-2
Baa1
Baa3
Stable

S&P
BBB
A-2
*
*
Stable

Note:  The above ratings reflect only the view, at the time the ratings are issued or affirmed, of the applicable rating agency, from whom an explanation of 
the significance of such ratings may be obtained. Such ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell or hold any securities; such ratings may be subject to 
revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agencies; and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.

SPRBs.  Special purpose revenue bonds (SPRBs) have been issued by the Department of Budget and Finance of the State 

of Hawaii (DBF) to finance (and refinance) capital improvement projects of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries, but the 
sources of their repayment are the non-collateralized obligations of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries under loan 
agreements and notes issued to the DBF, including Hawaiian Electric’s guarantees of its subsidiaries’ obligations.

On May 24, 2019, the PUC approved the Utilities’ request to issue SPRBs in the amounts of up to $70 million, $2.5 
million and $7.5 million for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, respectively, prior to June 30, 2020, 
to finance the Utilities’ capital improvement programs. Pursuant to this approval, on October 10, 2019, the DBF issued, at 
par, Series 2019 SPRBs in the aggregate principal amount of $80 million with a maturity of October 1, 2049. As of 
December 31, 2021, Hawaiian Electric had $3 million of undrawn funds remaining with the trustee. Hawaii Electric Light 
and Maui Electric had no undrawn funds as of December 31, 2021. 

On June 10, 2019, the Hawaii legislature authorized the issuance of up to $700 million of SPRBs ($400 million 
for Hawaiian Electric, $150 million for Hawaii Electric Light and $150 million for Maui Electric), with PUC approval, 
prior to June 30, 2024, to finance the Utilities’ multi-project capital improvement programs (2019 Legislative 
Authorization).

On February 9, 2021, the PUC approved the Utilities’ request to issue SPRBs (up to $100 million, $35 million and $45 
million for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, respectively) through 2022, with the proceeds to be 
used to finance the Utilities’ multi-project capital improvement programs. The PUC also approved the use of the expedited 
approval procedure to request the issuance and sale of the remaining/unused amount of SPRBs authorized by the 2019 
Legislative Authorization (i.e., total not to exceed up to $400 million for Hawaiian Electric, up to $150 million for Hawaii 
Electric Light, and up to $150 million for Maui Electric) during the period January 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024.

Bank loans.  On January 15, 2021, Hawaiian Electric paid off the $50 million term loan drawn on May 19, 2020.

Taxable debt.  On January 31, 2019, the Utilities received PUC approval (January 2019 Approval) to issue the 
remaining authorized amounts under the PUC approval received in April 2018 (April 2018 Approval) in 2019 through 
2020 (Hawaiian Electric up to $205 million and Hawaii Electric Light up to $15 million of taxable debt), as well as a 
supplemental increase to authorize the issuance of additional taxable debt to finance capital expenditures, repay long-term 
and/or short term debt used to finance or refinance capital expenditures, and/or to reimburse funds used for payment of 
capital expenditures, and to refinance the Utilities’ 2004 junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (QUIDS) prior 
to maturity. In addition, the January 2019 Approval authorized the Utilities to extend the period to issue additional taxable 
debt from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. The new total “up to” amounts of taxable debt requested to be issued 
through December 31, 2022 are $410 million, $150 million and $130 million for Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light 
and Maui Electric, respectively.

Pursuant to the approval, on January 14, 2021, the Utilities drew $115 million of proceeds using a delayed draw 
feature under a private placement executed on October 29, 2020. The proceeds were used to finance capital expenditures 
and reimburse funds used for the payment of capital expenditures.

59

As of December 31, 2021, Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light, and Maui Electric have $135 million, $85 million, 

and $45 million, respectively, of remaining taxable debt to issue prior to December 31, 2022. See summary table below.

(in millions)
Total “up to” amounts of taxable debt authorized through 2022
Less:

Taxable debt authorized and issued in 2018 under April 2018 Approval
Taxable debt issuance to refinance the 2004 QUIDS in 2019
Taxable debt issuance in May 2020
Taxable debt executed in October 2020, but issued on January 14, 2021

Remaining authorized amounts

$ 

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii Electric 
Light

$ 

410  $ 

Maui Electric
130 

150  $ 

75   
30   
110   
60   
135  $ 

15   
10   
10   
30   
85  $ 

10 
10 
40 
25 
45 

On September 30, 2021, the Utilities requested PUC approval through the expedited approval process to issue taxable debt 

(Hawaiian Electric up to $30 million, Hawaii Electric Light up to $30 million and Maui Electric up to $35 million) prior to 
December 31, 2022. On December 13, 2021, the Utilities submitted an updated letter request to modify Hawaiian Electric’s 
request to up to $50 million from the original up to $30 million.

Equity.  In October 2018, the Utilities received PUC approval for the supplemental increase to issue and sell 
additional common stock in the amounts of up to $280 million for Hawaiian Electric and up to $100 million each for 
Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, with the new total “up to” amounts of $430 million for Hawaiian Electric and 
$110 million each for Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, and to extend the period authorized by the PUC to issue 
and sell common stock from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2021, Hawaiian Electric, 
Hawaii Electric Light, and Maui Electric have $221.4 million, $93.7 million, and $63.2 million, respectively, of 
remaining common stock to issue prior to December 31, 2022.  See summary table below.

(in millions)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii Electric 
Light

Maui Electric

Total “up to” amounts of common stock authorized to issue and sell through 2021

$ 

150.0  $ 

10.0  $ 

Supplemental increase authorized

Total “up to” amounts of common stock authorized to issue and sell through 2022

Less: Common stock authorized and issued in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021
Remaining authorized amounts

$ 

280.0

430.0

208.6   
221.4  $ 

100.0

110.0

16.3   
93.7  $ 

10.0 

100.0

110.0

46.8 
63.2 

Cash flows.  The following table reflects the changes in cash flows for the twelve months ended December 31, 2021

compared to the twelve months ended December 31, 2020: 

(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities
Net cash used in investing activities
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Years ended December 31

2021

2020

Change

$ 

273,133  $  336,551  $  (63,418) 
58,829 
(344,794) 
(285,965) 
(24,911) 
29,675 
4,764 

Net cash provided by operating activities:  The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily 

driven by lower cash receipts from customers due to the impact of the pandemic and timing in receipts of payments, and higher 
cash paid for fuel stock due to higher fuel oil prices and volume purchased, partially offset by lower cash paid for accounts 
payable due to timing .

Net cash used in investing activities:  The decrease in net cash used in investing activities was primarily driven by a 

decrease in capital expenditures related to construction activities.

Net cash provided by financing activities:  The decrease in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily 

driven by lower net cash from long-term and short-term debts.

For a discussion of 2019 operating, investing and financing activities, please refer to the “Liquidity and capital resources” 

section in Item 7, “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Electric utility,” in 
the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K.

Material cash requirements. Material cash requirements of the Utilities include O&M expenses, including labor and 
benefit costs, fuel and purchase power costs, repayment of debt and interest payments, operating lease obligations, its forecasted 

60

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
capital expenditures and investments, its expected retirement benefit plan contributions and other short-term and long-term 
material cash requirements. The cash requirements for O&M, fuel and purchase power costs, debt and interest payments, and 
operating lease obligations are generally funded through the collection of the Utilities’ revenue requirement established in the 
last rate case and other mechanisms established under the regulatory framework. The cash requirements for capital expenditures 
are generally funded through retained earnings, the issuance of debt, and contributions of equity from HEI and generally 
recovered through the Utilities’ revenue requirement or other capital recovery mechanisms over time. The Utilities believe that 
their ability to generate cash is adequate to maintain sufficient liquidity to fund their material cash requirements. However, the 
COVID-19 pandemic is an evolving situation, and the Utilities cannot predict the extent or duration of the outbreak, the future 
effects that it will have on the global, national or local economy, including the impacts on the Utilities’ ability, as well as the 
cost, to access additional capital, or the future impacts on the Utilities’ financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. 
See Item 1A. “Risk Factors” in Part I for further discussion of risks and uncertainties.

Forecast of capital expenditures.  For the five-year period 2022 through 2026, the Utilities forecast up to $2.1 billion of net 

capital expenditures, which could change over time based upon external factors such as the timing and scope of environmental 
regulations and/or unforeseen delays in permitting and timing of PUC decisions. Approximately $1.30 billion is related to 
replacement and modernization of generation, transmission and distribution assets; approximately $0.5 billion is related to 
climate-related projects to transition to renewable energy or mitigate climate impacts by increasing the resilience of the system, 
and approximately $0.3 billion for targeted efforts to improve reliability. Proceeds from the issuance of equity and long-term 
debt, cash flows from operating activities, temporary increases in short-term borrowings and existing cash and cash equivalents 
are expected to provide the funds needed for the net capital expenditures, to pay down commercial paper or other short-term 
borrowings, as well as to fund any unanticipated expenditures not included in the 2022 to 2026 forecast (such as increases in the 
costs or acceleration of capital projects, or unanticipated capital expenditures that may be required by new environmental laws 
and regulations).

Management periodically reviews capital expenditure estimates and the timing of construction projects. These estimates 
may change significantly as a result of many considerations, including changes in economic conditions, changes in forecasts of 
kWh sales and peak load, the availability of purchased power and changes in expectations concerning the construction and 
ownership of future generation units, the availability of generating sites and transmission and distribution corridors, the need for 
fuel infrastructure investments, the ability to obtain adequate and timely rate increases, escalation in construction costs, the 
effects of opposition to proposed construction projects and requirements of environmental and other regulatory and permitting 
authorities.

Selected short-term and long-term contractual obligations and commitments.  The following table presents aggregated 
information about total payments due from the Utilities during the indicated periods under the specified contractual obligations 
and commitments:

December 31, 2021

(in millions)
Long-term debt
Interest on long-term debt
Operating leases 

PPAs classified as leases
Other leases

Open purchase order obligations 1
Fuel oil purchase obligations (estimate based on fuel oil price at 
December 31)

Purchase power obligations-minimum fixed capacity charges not 
classified as leases
Liabilities for uncertain tax positions
Total (estimated)
1  

Less than 1 
year

Payments due by period
3-5
years

More than 
5 years

1-3
years

Total

$ 

52  $ 
70 

100  $ 
130 

172  $ 
121 

1,360  $ 
727 

1,684 
1,048 

46 
12 
93 

8 

30 
— 

$ 

311  $ 

8 
28 
39 

9 

60 
2 
376  $ 

7 
24 
8 

5 

60 
— 

397  $ 

4 
32 
— 

— 

65 
96 
140 

22 

157 
— 
2,280  $ 

307 
2 
3,364 

Includes contractual obligations and commitments for capital expenditures and expense amounts.

The table above does not include other categories of obligations and commitments, such as deferred taxes, trade payables, 

amounts that will become payable in future periods under collective bargaining and other employment agreements and 
employee benefit plans and potential refunds of amounts collected from ratepayers (e.g., under the earnings sharing 
mechanism). As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the assets held in trusts to satisfy the obligations of the Utilities’ 
retirement benefit plans did not exceed the retirement benefit plans’ benefit obligation. Minimum funding requirements for 
retirement benefit plans have not been included in the table above. See Note 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for 
retirement benefit plan obligations and estimated contributions for 2022. 

61

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See “Biofuel sources” in the “Developments in renewable energy efforts” section above for additional information for fuel 

oil purchase obligation. See Notes 3 and 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of power purchase 
commitments and operating leases obligations, respectively.

Competition.  Although competition in the generation sector in Hawaii is moderated by the scarcity of generation sites, various 
permitting processes and lack of interconnections to other electric utilities, the PUC has promoted a more competitive electric 
industry environment through its decisions concerning competitive bidding and distributed generation. An increasing amount of 
generation is provided by IPPs and customer distributed generation.

Competitive bidding.  In December 2006, the PUC issued a decision that included a final competitive bidding framework, 

which became effective immediately. The final framework states, among other things, that: (1) a utility is required to use 
competitive bidding to acquire a future generation resource or a block of generation resources unless the PUC finds bidding to 
be unsuitable; (2) the framework does not apply in certain situations identified in the framework; (3) waivers from competitive 
bidding for certain circumstances will be considered; (4) the utility is required to select an independent observer from a list 
approved by the PUC whenever the utility or its affiliate seeks to advance a project proposal (i.e., in competition with those 
offered by bidders); (5) the utility may consider its own self-bid proposals in response to generation needs identified in its RFP; 
and (6) for any resource to which competitive bidding does not apply (due to waiver or exemption), the utility retains its 
traditional obligation to offer to purchase capacity and energy from a Qualifying Facility (QF) at avoided cost upon reasonable 
terms and conditions approved by the PUC.

Technological developments.  New emerging and breakthrough technological developments (e.g., the commercial 
development of long-duration energy storage, grid-forming and black starting inverters in low inertia power systems, 
microgrids, distributed generation, grid modernization, electrification of transportation, implement predictive analytics using 
artificial intelligence machine learning algorithms to help assess the state of health of utility assets and prevent premature 
failure, and the diversification of generation from renewable sources) may impact the Utilities’ future competitive position, 
results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The Utilities continue to seek prudent opportunities to develop, test, 
pilot, and implement technologies that align with their technical and business plans and support clean energy and decarbonized 
goals, while ensuring reliability and resilience as the Utilities adapt to a changing climate.

Environmental matters.  See “Electric utility—Regulation—Environmental regulation” under “Item 1. Business” and 
“Environmental regulation” in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Commitments and contingencies.  See Item 1A. Risk Factors, and Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a 
discussion of important commitments and contingencies.

Off-balance sheet arrangements.  See “Off-balance sheet arrangements” above in HEI Consolidated section.

Material estimates and critical accounting policies.  Also see “Material estimates and critical accounting policies” above in 
HEI Consolidated section.

Regulatory assets and liabilities.  The Utilities are regulated by the PUC. In accordance with accounting standards for 
regulatory operations, the Company’s and the Utilities’ financial statements reflect assets, liabilities, revenues and costs of the 
Utilities based on current cost-based rate-making regulations. The actions of regulators, including the PBR Framework, can 
affect the timing of recognition of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities.

Regulatory liabilities represent amounts collected from customers for costs that are expected to be incurred in the future, or 

amounts collected in excess of costs incurred that are refundable to customers. Regulatory assets represent incurred costs that 
have been deferred because their recovery in future customer rates is probable. As of December 31, 2021, the consolidated 
regulatory liabilities and regulatory assets of the Utilities amounted to $997 million and $566 million, respectively, compared to 
$960 million and $767 million as of December 31, 2020, respectively. Regulatory liabilities and regulatory assets are itemized 
in Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Management continually assesses whether the regulatory assets are 
probable of future recovery by considering factors such as changes in the applicable regulatory environment. Because current 
rates include the recovery of regulatory assets existing as of the last rate case and rates in effect allow the Utilities to earn a 
reasonable rate of return, management believes that the recovery of the regulatory assets as of December 31, 2021 is probable. 
This determination assumes continuation of the current political and regulatory climate in Hawaii and is subject to change in the 
future.

Management believes that the operations of the Utilities, including the impact of the newly approved PBR Framework, 
currently satisfy the criteria for regulatory accounting. If events or circumstances should change so that those criteria are no 
longer satisfied, the Utilities expect that their regulatory assets, net of regulatory liabilities, would be charged to the statement 
of income in the period of discontinuance, which may result in a material adverse effect on the Company’s and the Utilities’ 
results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

62

Revenues.  Electric utility revenues are based on rates authorized by the PUC and include revenues applicable to estimated 

energy consumed in the accounting period, but not yet billed to customers (Unbilled revenues), and RBA revenues or refunds 
for the difference between PUC-approved target revenues and recorded adjusted revenues, which delinks revenues from kWh 
sales. Unbilled revenues represent an estimate of energy consumed by customers subsequent to the date of the last meter 
reading to the end of the current reporting period. As of December 31, 2021, Unbilled revenues, net of allowance for doubtful 
accounts, amounted to $129 million and the RBA revenue recognized in 2021 amounted to $20 million.

Asset retirement obligations.  The Utilities recognize AROs at present value of expected costs to retire long-lived assets 
from service, which is estimated using a discounted cash flow model that relies on significant estimates and assumptions about 
future decommissioning costs, inflationary rates, and the estimated date of decommissioning. The estimated future cash flows 
are discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free rate to reflect the risk associated with decommissioning the assets. The Utilities 
have not recorded AROs for assets that are expected to operate indefinitely or where the Utilities cannot estimate a settlement 
date (or range of potential settlement dates.) As such, ARO liabilities are not recorded for certain asset retirement activities, 
including various Utility-owned generating facilities and certain electric transmission, distribution and telecommunication 
assets resulting from easements over property not owned by the Utilities.  

Changes in estimated costs, timing of decommissioning or other assumptions used in the calculation could cause material 

revision on the recorded liabilities. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Utilities’ AROs totaled $11.1 million 
and $10.7 million, respectively.

Bank

Executive overview and strategy.  ASB, headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii, is a full-service community bank serving both 
consumer and commercial customers. ASB is one of the largest financial institutions in Hawaii and ended 2021 with assets of 
$9 billion and net income of $101 million, compared to assets of $8 billion and net income of $58 million in 2020.

ASB provides a wide range of financial products and services, and in order to remain competitive and continue building 
core franchise value, ASB is focused on making banking easier for the customer and developing and introducing new products 
and services in order to meet market needs. Additionally, the banking industry is constantly changing and ASB is making the 
investments in people and technology necessary to adapt and remain competitive, facilitate process improvements in order to 
deliver a continuously better experience for its customers, and be a more efficient bank. ASB’s continued focus has been on 
efficient growth to maximize profitability and capital efficiency, as well as control expenses. The current economic crisis from 
the COVID-19 pandemic altered the strategies ASB set out to achieve. Key strategies to drive organic growth include:

1.

2.

3.

deepening customer relationships through the redesign of branch-centric approaches as transactions and engagement 
migrate to other channels;

building out product and service offerings to open new segments;

online and remotely-assisted account opening capabilities as there is a much more rapid and pervasive adoption of 
online and mobile banking by Hawaii banking customers; and

4.

prioritizing efficiency actions to gain earnings leverage on organic growth.

The interest rate environment and the quality of ASB’s assets will continue to influence its financial results. A lowering of 

interest rates across the yield curve as a result of the pandemic’s impact on the economy has negatively affected ASB’s net 
interest margin and initially impacted credit losses. With the reopening of the economy and government stimulus assistance, 
asset quality has improved. The potential for further compression of ASB’s net interest margin if interest rates remain at current 
low levels is a risk that is actively managed.

As part of its interest rate risk management process, ASB uses simulation analysis to measure net interest income 

sensitivity to changes in interest rates (see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk”). ASB then 
employs strategies to limit the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income. ASB’s key strategies to manage 
interest rate risk include:

1.

2.

3.

attracting and retaining low-cost deposits, particularly those in non-interest bearing transaction accounts;

diversifying the loan portfolio with higher-spread, shorter-maturity loans and/or variable rate loans;

focusing investment growth in securities that exhibit less extension risk (i.e., risk of longer average lives) as rates rise.

Recent Developments—COVID-19.  See also Recent developments—COVID-19 in HEI’s MD&A.

The Hawaii economy improved significantly in 2021, compared to 2020, due to the impact of stimulus programs and the 
loosening of business restrictions; however, the Hawaii economy experienced temporary setbacks with increased COVID-19 
case counts stemming from the Delta variant in the third quarter of 2021 and the Omicron variant at the end of 2021. Although 
new daily case counts have continued to rise into early 2022 with a peak in late January, hospitalization rates have remained 

63

 
below rates experienced with the Delta variant, and as a result, the state and counties have not reinstituted the same level of 
restrictions that were put in place earlier in the pandemic and the Hawaii economy remains largely open for business.  

Consistent with the improvement in the Hawaii economy in 2021, the bank’s performance improved in 2021, relative to 
2020, with net interest income after provision for credit losses improving to $263.1 million for the year ended December 31, 
2021, compared to $182.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily driven by a negative provision for credit 
losses. Net interest margin declined to 2.91% for the year ended December 31, 2021, compared to 3.29% for the year ended 
December 31, 2020. The lower net interest margin was driven by the continued low interest rate environment that resulted in 
new loan origination rates remaining below existing portfolio yields. In addition, a change in the mix of earning assets, with a 
higher proportion of earning assets composed of investment securities which have a lower yield than the loan portfolio. The 
growth in the investment portfolio was driven by the growth in deposits, which grew at a faster pace than the loan portfolio 
resulting in excess liquidity being used to purchase investment securities. In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Bank’s net interest 
margin was 2.79% compared to 2.90% and 3.12% for the quarters ended September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 
respectively.

For the year ended December 31, 2021, the investment securities portfolio increased approximately $900 million, or 41%, 
as deposit growth of $785 million, or 11%, which included funds from stimulus programs that were provided to individuals and 
businesses, continued to outpace loan growth. The growth in the investment securities portfolio and fees from the PPP program 
contributed to higher interest income, partially offsetting the effect of lower loan portfolio balances and earning asset yields on 
a year-to-date basis.

In response to COVID-19, ASB made short-term loan modifications to borrowers who were generally payment current at 

the time of relief. As of December 31, 2021, approximately $0.6 million of loans remained in their active deferral period.  
Approximately $9.0 million of loans were not able to resume their contractual payments and were considered delinquent as of 
December 31, 2021.

ASB recorded a negative provision for credit losses in 2021 due to improved credit quality in the commercial, commercial 
real estate and consumer loan portfolios and overall lower net charge offs as a result of an improving economic outlook. For the 
year ended December 31, 2021, ASB recorded a negative provision for credit losses of $25.8 million, compared to a provision 
for credit losses of $50.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The provision for credit losses in future quarters will 
be dependent on future economic conditions and changes to borrower credit quality at that time.

In 2021, ASB collected higher fee income compared to 2020 as certain fees were waived during the second and third 
quarter of 2020 to accommodate the hardships facing its customers. The Bank restarted its normal fee practices in the fourth 
quarter of 2020 and continued throughout 2021. Noninterest expenses that were considered direct and incremental COVID-19 
related costs were lower in 2021 compared to 2020.

In 2021, ASB reopened three branches that were temporarily closed during the start of the pandemic, as digital branches, 
which provide digital solutions such as full-service ATMs and access to expert bankers through videoconferencing tools while 
allowing the Bank to have a more efficient physical footprint. ASB continues to evaluate its branch network to determine 
whether further changes may be appropriate given its customers’ use of other banking channels.

ASB’s senior management team continually addresses the impacts to the operations and business of the Bank as a result of 

the pandemic and meets regularly with ASB’s board of directors to keep them apprised of the impacts of the COVID-19 
pandemic.

The CARES Act was signed into law on March 27, 2020. The CARES Act provided over $2 trillion in economic assistance 

for American workers, families, and small businesses, and job preservation for American industries. The PPP was established 
under the CARES Act and implemented by the United States Small Business Administration (SBA) to provide a direct 
incentive for small businesses to keep their workers on the payroll as a result of the COVID-19 crisis. The Paycheck Protection 
Program Flexibility Act was signed into law on June 5, 2020 and the Economic Aid Act was signed into law on December 27, 
2020, which amended some of the prior rules and guidelines of the CARES Act. The Economic Aid Act established a second 
round of PPP, reopening the PPP for first-time borrowers and allowing for a second draw for businesses that meet more 
restrictive eligibility criteria to target businesses hardest hit by the pandemic.	Loans issued through the PPP are 100% federally 
guaranteed and have a maturity of 2-5 years, depending on when the loan was made, at a fixed interest rate of 1%. Loan 
payments will be deferred until the earlier of (a) the date that the forgiven amount is remitted to the lender by the SBA; or (b) 
10 months from the date the covered period ends. The SBA will forgive all loan amounts to a particular small business if such 
small business is compliant with the terms and conditions of the PPP. Small businesses generally have 24 weeks from 
disbursement of the loan to incur allowable expenses such as payroll costs, interest on mortgages, rent and utility expenses that 
would be covered by the loan forgiveness rules, with 60% of the loan forgiveness needing to be for payroll costs. Small 
businesses may receive partial forgiveness if they do not spend the entirety of their PPP loan on eligible expenses, or if less than 
60% of the loan disbursement is spent on payroll costs. Employers had until December 31, 2020 to restore their workforce, or, 

64

for a PPP loan made after December 27, 2020, before the last day of the Covered Period. Lenders processed and approved the 
PPP loans under delegated authority of the SBA. As an existing SBA certified lender, ASB worked with a number of small 
businesses, both customers and non-customers, to complete the loan application forms so that these businesses could participate 
in the program. During the first round of PPP, the Bank secured more than $370 million in PPP loans for approximately 4,100 
small businesses that supported over 40,000 jobs, ASB received processing fees totaling approximately $13 million and started 
recognizing these fees over the life of the loans. During the second round of PPP, ASB secured more than $175 million for 
approximately 2,200 small businesses that supported more than 20,000 jobs; ASB received processing fees of approximately $9 
million. The remaining PPP loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $69 million.

Other provisions of the CARES Act provides that a financial institution may elect to suspend the requirements under 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for certain loan modifications that would 
otherwise be categorized as a TDR and any related impairment for accounting purposes. See Note 4 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements and “Economic conditions” in the “HEI Consolidated” section above.

ASB continues to maintain its low-risk profile, strong balance sheet and straightforward community banking business 

model.

65

Results of operations.

•

2021 vs. 2020

(in millions)
Interest income

2021
$  242 

2020
$  244 

Increase
(decrease)
$ 
(2) 

Noninterest income

65 

78 

(13) 

Less: gain on sale of 
investment securities, net

(1) 

(9) 

8 

Primary reason(s)

Lower average earning asset yields and lower average loan portfolio 
balances partly offset by higher investment security portfolio balances.

Average loan portfolio yields 21 basis points lower - impacted by the 
continued low interest rate environment as adjustable rate loans had 
repriced lower during the past year and new loan production yields 
continue to originate below their portfolio yields.

Average loan portfolio balances decreased $117 million - home equity 
lines of credit and commercial loan portfolio balances decreased $175 
million and $79 million, respectively, primarily due to repayments in the 
portfolio. Average consumer loans portfolio balance decreased  $80 
million - primarily due to ASB’s decision to reduce production of this loan 
product in the current economic environment. Average commercial real 
estate loans portfolio balance increased $203 million - primarily due to 
demand for this loan type.

Average investment securities portfolio balance increased $1.3 billion - 
excess liquidity from strong deposit growth was invested in agency 
securities

Average investment securities portfolio yield 38 basis points lower - 
impacted by the continued low interest rate environment as new 
investment security purchase yields were lower than the investment 
security portfolio yield.

Lower mortgage banking income and lower gain on sale of investment 
securities, partly offset by higher customer fee income and higher bank-
owned life insurance income.

Lower gain on sale of investment securities - in 2020, ASB sold all of its 
Visa Class B restricted shares and recognized a gain of $7.0 million with 
no similar sales in 2021.

Lower mortgage banking income - lower residential loan sales volume 
primarily due to ASB’s decision to portfolio a larger portion of its 
residential loan production in 2021. Loan sale profit margins were lower 
in 2021 compared to 2020.

Higher customer fee income - in the second and third quarters 2020, ASB 
waived overdraft and other deposit account fees to accommodate the 
hardships customers were experiencing during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
Normal customer fee practices were resumed in the fourth quarter of 2020 
and all of 2021.

Higher bank-owned life insurance income - primarily due to higher 
proceeds from life insurance policies received in 2021 compared to 2020.

Gain on sale of investment securities, net, which is included in Noninterest 
income above and in the Bank’s statements of income and comprehensive 
income in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements, is classified as 
gain on sale of investment securities, net in the consolidated statements of 
income, and accordingly, is reflected below following operating income as 
a separate line item and excluded from Revenues.

Revenues

  306 

  313 

(7) 

The decrease in revenues was primarily due to lower interest and 
noninterest income.

Interest expense

5 

11 

(6) 

Lower interest expense on deposits and other borrowings.

Lower interest expense on deposits - lower term certificate balances 
primarily due to runoff of government term certificates and lower deposit 
yields as a result of the continued low interest rate environment.

Average core deposit balances increased $1.2 billion; average term 
certificate balances decreased $181 million.

Average deposit yields decreased from 16 basis points to 6 basis points

Lower interest expense on other borrowings - primarily due to lower 
repurchase agreement yields as a result of the continued low interest rate 
environment.

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
Provision for credit losses

2021
(26) 

2020
51 

Increase
(decrease)

Primary reason(s)

(77)  Negative provision for credit losses reflects favorable credit trends with 

continued improvement in the economic environment and a slight shift in 
loan portfolio composition with growth in the real estate secured portfolio.

Negative provision for credit losses included credit upgrades in the 
commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios.

Negative provision for credit losses was also due to a shift in loan 
portfolio mix - a decrease in personal unsecured loan portfolio balances 
which had higher credit loss rates replaced with higher residential and 
commercial real estate loan portfolio balances with lower credit loss rates. 
The personal unsecured loan portfolio also experienced improved net 
charge-off trends.

2020 provision for credit losses included $39 million of COVID-19 related 
reserves and loss reserves of $21 million for net charge-offs  as well as 
other changes in loan portfolio composition and asset quality metrics.

Delinquency rates have decreased - from 0.37% at December 31, 2020 to 
0.33% at December 31, 2021 due to lower personal unsecured and home 
equity line of credit loan delinquencies, partly offset by higher residential 
1-4 family loan delinquencies.

Net charge-offs to average loans have decreased - from 0.40% at
December 31, 2020 to 0.07% at December 31, 2021 due to lower personal 
unsecured loan portfolio net charge-offs.

Higher compensation and benefit expenses and data processing expenses 
were partly offset by lower COVID-19 related costs and lower pension 
expense.

Higher compensation and benefit expenses - increase in incentive 
compensation payout for commission based employees, higher 
performance-based compensation and payment of the separation and 
release agreement with the former President and Chief Executive Officer.

Higher data processing expenses - due to upgrades in ASB’s technology 
and data analytics capabilities.

2021 noninterest expense benefited from a one-time credit adjustment for 
a change in accounting for the ASB retirement plan.

Lower other expenses - 2020 expenses included higher direct and
incremental COVID-19 related costs1 to enhance cleaning and sanitation 
of ASB’s facilities as well as incremental compensation expense.

The decrease in expenses was primarily due to lower provision for credit 
losses, and lower interest expense, partly offset by an increase in 
noninterest expense.

Lower provision for credit losses and lower interest expense, partly offset 
by lower interest and noninterest income, and higher noninterest expenses.

The increase in net income was the result of higher operating income 
partly offset by higher income tax expense and lower gain on sale of 
investment securities.

Noninterest expense

  197 

  191 

6 

Expenses

  176 

  253 

(77) 

Operating income

  130 

Gain on sale of 
investment securities, net

1 

60 

9 

70 

(8) 

Net income

$  101 

$  58 

$ 

43 

Return on average equity2
1    Higher operating expenses, which were considered direct and incremental COVID-19 related costs, included approximately $2.5 million of 

 13.8% 

 5.7% 

 8.1% 

incremental compensation expense and $2.0 million of enhanced cleaning and sanitation costs.

2    Calculated using the average daily balance.

For a discussion of 2019 results, please refer to the “Results of operations” section in Item 7, “Management Discussion and 

Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Bank,” in the Company’s 2020 Form 10-K. 

See Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about ASB.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average balance sheet and net interest margin.  The following table provides a summary of average balances, including 

major categories of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities:

(dollars in thousands)

Assets:

2021

2020

2019

Average
balance

Interest
income/
expense

Yield/
rate
(%)

Average
balance

Interest
income/
expense

Yield/
rate
(%)

Average
balance

Interest
income/
expense

Yield/
rate
(%)

Interest-earning deposits

$ 

69,930  $ 

93 

  0.13  $  153,879  $ 

241 

  0.16  $ 

16,618  $ 

320 

  1.92 

FHLB stock

Investment securities

Taxable

Non-taxable

10,298 

327 

  3.17 

9,481 

306 

  3.23 

9,716 

350 

  3.60 

  2,792,255 

42,114 

  1.51 

  1,554,812 

29,213 

  1.88 

  1,406,564 

  31,178 

  2.22 

54,646 

1,177 

  2.15 

32,080 

974 

  3.04 

27,512 

1,360 

  4.94 

Total investment securities

  2,846,901 

43,291 

  1.52 

  1,586,892 

30,187 

  1.90 

  1,434,076 

  32,538 

  2.27 

Loans

Residential 1-4 family 

Commercial real estate

  2,189,680 

78,672 

  3.59 

  2,180,013 

85,769 

  3.93 

  2,181,554 

  89,956 

  4.12 

  1,157,987 

38,255 

  3.30 

954,836 

34,596 

  3.62 

863,468 

  40,324 

  4.67 

Home equity line of credit

885,759 

27,669 

  3.12 

  1,060,444 

33,731 

  3.18 

  1,043,479 

  38,826 

  3.72 

Residential land

Commercial

Consumer
Total loans 1,2

18,227 

856,226 

135,609 

924 

  5.07 

36,178 

  4.23 

17,284 

  12.75 

13,799 

935,663 

215,994 

754 

  5.46 

14,065 

774 

  5.50 

31,642 

  3.38 

620,206 

  27,950 

  4.51 

27,728 

 12.84 

270,340 

  35,864 

  13.27 

  5,243,488 

  198,982 

  3.79 

  5,360,749 

  214,220 

  4.00 

  4,993,112 

  233,694 

  4.68 

Total interest-earning assets 3

  8,170,617 

  242,693 

  2.97 

  7,111,001 

  244,954 

  3.44 

  6,453,522 

  266,902 

  4.14 

Allowance for credit losses

Noninterest-earning assets

Total Assets

Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity:

Savings

Interest-bearing checking

Money market

Time certificates

(86,691) 

742,174 

$ 8,826,100 

$ 3,069,615 

  1,237,969 

192,044 

483,353 

(81,193) 

762,746 

$ 7,792,554 

(54,640) 

696,270 

$  7,095,152 

802 

  0.03  $ 2,620,311 

1,774 

  0.07  $  2,340,671 

1,904 

  0.08 

242 

  0.02 

  1,106,563 

471 

  0.04 

  1,044,315 

1,298 

  0.12 

132 

  0.07 

3,805 

  0.79 

161,084 

664,578 

465 

  0.29 

145,939 

953 

  0.65 

7,944 

  1.20 

810,749 

  12,675 

  1.56 

Total interest-bearing deposits

  4,982,981 

4,981 

  0.10 

  4,552,536 

10,654 

  0.23 

  4,341,674 

  16,830 

  0.39 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

15,319 

42 

  0.27 

21,490 

146 

  0.68 

33,652 

843 

  2.50 

Securities sold under agreements to 

repurchase and federal funds purchased

88,405 

17 

  0.02 

76,360 

314 

  0.41 

79,647 

767 

  0.96 

Total interest-bearing liabilities

  5,086,705 

5,040 

  0.10 

  4,650,386 

11,114 

  0.24 

  4,454,973 

  18,440 

  0.41 

Noninterest bearing liabilities:

Deposits

Other

Shareholder’s equity

  2,833,886 

169,967 

735,542 

Total Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity

$ 8,826,100 

  2,276,722 

155,589 

709,857 

$ 7,792,554 

  1,848,336 

131,691 

660,152 

$  7,095,152 

Net interest income
Net interest margin (%)4

$  237,653 

$ 233,840 

$ 248,462 

  2.91 

  3.29 

  3.85 

1

2

Includes loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value, of $23.0 million, $20.5 million and $6.3 million as of December 31, 2021, 2020 
and 2019, respectively.
Includes recognition of net deferred loan fees of $14.3 million, $4.9 million and $0.2 million for 2021, 2020 and 2019 respectively, 
together with interest accrued prior to suspension of interest accrual on nonaccrual loans.

3 For 2021, 2020 and 2019, the taxable-equivalent basis adjustments made to the table above were not material.
4 Defined as net interest income, on a fully taxable equivalent basis, as a percentage of average total interest-earning assets.

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table shows the effect on net interest income of (1) changes in interest rates (change in weighted-average 
interest rate multiplied by prior year average balance) and (2) changes in volume (change in average balance multiplied by prior 
period weighted-average interest rate). Any remaining change is allocated to the above two categories on a pro rata basis.

(in thousands)
Interest income

Interest-earning deposits
FHLB stock
Investment securities

Taxable
Non-taxable

Total investment securities

Loans

Residential 1-4 family
Commercial real estate
Home equity line of credit
Residential land
Commercial
Consumer

Total loans

Total increase (decrease) in interest income

Interest expense

Savings
Interest-bearing checking
Money market
Time certificates
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank

2021 vs. 2020
Volume

Rate

Total

Rate

2020 vs. 2019
Volume

Total

$ 

(38)  $ 
(6) 

(110)  $ 
27 

(148)  $ 
21 

(545)  $ 
(36) 

466  $ 
(8) 

(79) 
(44) 

(6,655) 
(343) 
(6,998) 

(7,473) 
(3,243) 
(623) 
(57) 
7,118 
(193) 
(4,471) 
(11,513) 

1,234 
271 
409 
2,302 
70 

19,556 
546 
20,102 

376 
6,902 
(5,439) 
227 
(2,582) 
(10,251) 
(10,767) 
9,252 

(262) 
(42) 
(76) 
1,837 
34 

12,901 
203 
13,104 

(7,097) 
3,659 
(6,062) 
170 
4,536 
(10,444) 
(15,238) 
(2,261) 

972 
229 
333 
4,139 
104 

(5,062) 
(585) 
(5,647) 

(4,124) 
(9,697) 
(5,717) 
(6) 
(3,447) 
(1,129) 
(24,120) 
(30,348) 

298 
897 
577 
2,656 
466 

3,097 
199 
3,296 

(63) 
3,969 
622 
(14) 
7,139 
(7,007) 
4,646 
8,400 

(168) 
(70) 
(89) 
2,075 
231 

(1,965) 
(386) 
(2,351) 

(4,187) 
(5,728) 
(5,095) 
(20) 
3,692 
(8,136) 
(19,474) 
(21,948) 

130 
827 
488 
4,731 
697 

 Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 

and federal funds purchased
Total decrease (increase) in interest expense

Increase (decrease) in net interest income

$ 

339 
4,625 
(6,888)  $ 

(42) 
1,449 
10,701  $ 

297 
6,074 
3,813  $ 

422 
5,316 
(25,032)  $ 

31 
2,010 
10,410  $ 

453 
7,326 
(14,622) 

Earning assets, costing liabilities, contingencies and other factors.  Earnings of ASB depend primarily on net interest 
income, which is the difference between interest earned on earning assets and interest paid on costing liabilities. The interest 
rate environment has been impacted by disruptions in the financial markets over a period of several years. In 2020, the Federal 
Open Market Committee lowered its federal funds rate target range to 0% - 0.25% in response to the financial crisis caused by 
the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a decrease in ASB’s net interest income and net interest margin. A prolonged low 
interest rate environment may continue to negatively impact ASB’s net interest income and net interest margin.

Loans and mortgage-backed securities are ASB’s primary earning assets.

Loan portfolio.  ASB’s loan volumes and yields are affected by market interest rates, competition, demand for 
financing, availability of funds and management’s responses to these factors. See “Loans” in Note 4 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements for a composition of ASB’s loan portfolio.

The increase in the loan portfolio balance in 2021 was primarily due to growth in the residential and commercial real estate 

loan portfolio balances. The growth in the residential loan portfolio balance was due to ASB’s decision to portfolio a larger 
portion of the residential mortgage loan production and reduce the amount of residential loans sold in the secondary market. 
The growth in the commercial real estate loan portfolio was due to ASB’s continued effort to diversify its loan portfolio with 
higher-spread, shorter-maturity loans and/or variable rate loans. The decrease in the commercial loan portfolio was due to 
paydown of the PPP loans which decreased from $300 million at December 31, 2020 to $69 million at December 31, 2021.

The increase in the loans balance in 2020 was primarily due to growth in the commercial, commercial real estate and 
HELOC loan portfolio balances, which were the portfolios targeted as ASB continued its loan growth strategy of diversifying 
the loan portfolio with higher-spread, shorter-maturity loans and/or variable rate loans.

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table summarizes loans held for investment based upon contractually scheduled principal payments allocated 

to the indicated maturity categories: 

December 31

Due
(in millions)

Residential 1-4 family – Fixed

Residential 1-4 family – Adjustable

Total residential 1-4 family

Commercial  real estate – Fixed

Commercial real estate – Adjustable

Total commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit– Fixed

Home equity line of credit – Adjustable

Total home equity line of credit

Residential land– Fixed

Residential land – Adjustable

Total residential land

Commercial construction – Fixed

Commercial construction – Adjustable

Total commercial construction

Residential construction – Fixed

Residential construction – Adjustable

Total residential construction

Commercial – Fixed

Commercial – Adjustable

Total commercial 

Consumer – Fixed

Consumer – Adjustable

Total consumer

Total loans – Fixed

Total loans – Adjustable

Total loans

In
1 year
or less

After 1 year
through
5 years

2021
After 5 years
through
15 years

After
15 years

$ 

74  $ 

310  $ 

803  $ 

1,002  $ 

7 

81 

59 

83 

142 

27 

5 

32 

1 

— 

1 

— 

31 

31 

11 

— 

11 

71 

121 

192 

47 

3 

50 

290 

250 

26 

336 

229 

220 

449 

97 

23 

120 

19 

— 

19 

15 

10 

25 

— 

— 

— 

224 

284 

508 

47 

10 

57 

941 

573 

59 

862 

328 

126 

454 

175 

161 

336 

— 

— 

— 

1 

— 

1 

— 

— 

— 

60 

32 

92 

6 

1 

7 

18 

1,020 

12 

— 

12 

12 

336 

348 

— 

— 

— 

— 

34 

34 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1 

1 

— 

— 

— 

1,373 

379 

1,026 

389 

$ 

540  $ 

1,514  $ 

1,752  $ 

1,415  $ 

Total

2,189 

110 

2,299 

628 

429 

1,057 

311 

525 

836 

20 

— 

20 

16 

75 

91 

11 

— 

11 

355 

438 

793 

100 

14 

114 

3,630 

1,591 

5,221 

Home equity lines of credit.  The home equity lines of credit (HELOC) portfolio makes up 16% of the total loan 
portfolio and is generally an interest-only revolving loan for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC outstanding balance 
converts to a fully amortizing variable-rate term loan with a 20-year amortization period. Borrowers also have a “Fixed Rate 
Loan Option” to convert a part of their available line of credit into a 5, 7 or 10-year fully amortizing fixed-rate loan with level 
principal and interest payments. As of December 31, 2021, approximately 36% of the portfolio balances were amortizing loans 
under the Fixed Rate Loan Option. A HELOC loan is typically in a subordinate lien position to a borrower’s first mortgage 
loan, however, approximately 57% of ASB’s HELOC loan portfolio is in a first lien position.

Attention had been given by regulators and rating agencies to the potential for increased exposure to credit losses 
associated with HELOCs that were originated during the period of rapid home price appreciation between 2003 and 2007 as 
they have reached the end of their 10-year, interest-only payment periods. Once the interest only payment period has ended, 
payments are reset to include principal repayments along with interest. ASB does not have a large exposure to HELOCs 
originated between 2003 and 2007. Nearly all of ASB’s HELOC originations prior to 2008 consisted of amortizing equity lines 
that have structured principal payments during the draw period. These older equity lines represent 1% of the HELOC portfolio.

Loan portfolio risk elements.  When a borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan and does not cure the 

delinquency promptly, the loan is classified as delinquent. If delinquencies are not cured promptly, ASB normally commences a 
collection action, including foreclosure proceedings in the case of real estate secured loans. In a foreclosure action, the property 
collateralizing the delinquent debt is sold at a public auction in which ASB may participate as a bidder to protect its interest. If 

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASB is the successful bidder, the property is classified as real estate owned until it is sold. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, 
ASB had nil real estate acquired in settlement of loans.

In addition to delinquent loans, other significant lending risk elements include: (1) loans which accrue interest and are 90 

days or more past due as to principal or interest, (2) loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis (nonaccrual loans), and (3) loans 
on which various concessions are made with respect to interest rate, maturity, or other terms due to the inability of the borrower 
to service the obligation under the original terms of the agreement (troubled debt restructured loans). ASB loans that were 90 
days or more past due on which interest was being accrued as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 were immaterial or nil. The 
following table sets forth certain information with respect to nonaccrual loans:

December 31
(dollars in thousands)

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Total real estate

Commercial

Consumer

Total nonaccrual loans

Loans receivable, net
Allowance for credit losses

Nonaccrual loans to loans receivable, net

Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans

2021

2020

$ 

19,748 

$ 

15,325 

5,521 

397 

— 

— 

40,991 

2,138 

1,845 

11,826 

18,722 

7,358 

408 

— 

— 

38,314 

5,147 

3,935 

$ 

44,974 

$ 

47,396 

$  5,211,114 

$  5,333,843 

$ 

71,130 

$ 

101,201 

 0.86% 

1.58x

 0.89% 

2.14x

In 2021, nonaccrual loans decreased $2.4 million primarily due to decreases in commercial real estate, commercial, 
consumer and HELOC nonaccrual loans of $3.4 million, $3.0 million, $2.1 million and $1.8 million, respectively, partly offset 
by an increase in residential 1-4 family  nonaccrual loans of $7.9 million. The increase in residential nonaccrual loans was 
attributed to customers that could not resume contractual payments after their deferral period was completed.

In 2020, nonaccrual loans increased $17.7 million primarily due to an increase in commercial real estate nonaccrual loans 

of $18.5 million. The increase in commercial real estate nonaccrual loans was primarily attributed to one commercial credit.

See “Allowance for credit losses” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for information with respect to 

nonperforming assets. 

Allowance for credit losses.  See “Allowance for credit losses” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for 

the tables which sets forth the allocation of ASB’s allowance for credit losses. On January 1, 2020, ASB adopted Accounting 
Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Measurement of Current Expected Credit Losses on Financial 
Instruments, modifying the accounting for the allowance for credit losses from an incurred loss model to an expected loss 
model (see Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of the Consolidated Financial Statements). With the 
adoption of ASU 2016-13, ASB added $19.4 million to the allowance for credit losses on January 1, 2020. During 2021, ASB 
recorded a negative provision for credit losses related to the allowance for credit losses of $26.4 million primarily due to 
decreased reserves for the commercial real estate, commercial and consumer loan portfolios for improved credit quality in those 
loan portfolios and a lower personal unsecured loan portfolio balance, which has a higher loss rate than other loan portfolios. 
During 2020, ASB recorded a provision for credit losses related to the allowance for credit losses of $49.8 million primarily due 
to increased reserves for the commercial, commercial real estate and consumer loan portfolios for expected credit deterioration 
due to the COVID-19 pandemic and additional loss reserves to cover net loan charge-offs. 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ASB maintains a reserve for credit losses that consists of two components, the allowance for credit losses and an allowance 
for loan commitments (unfunded reserve). The level of the reserve for unfunded loan commitments is adjusted by recording an 
expense or recovery in provision for credit losses. With the adoption of ASU 2016-13, ASB added $1.6 million to the reserve 
for unfunded loan commitments on January 1, 2020. For 2021 and 2020, ASB recorded a provision for credit losses for 
unfunded commitments of $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the 
reserve for unfunded loan commitments was $4.9 million and $4.3 million, respectively.

The following table sets forth the allocation of ASB’s allowance for credit losses and the percentage of loans in each 

category to total loans:

December 31

(dollars in thousands)

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Total real estate 

Commercial

Consumer

2021

2020

Allowance 
balance

Allowance
to loan
receivable %

Loan
receivable
% of total

Allowance 
balance

Allowance
to loan
receivable %

Loan
receivable
% of total

$ 

6,545 

24,696 

5,657 

646 

2,186 

18 

39,748 

15,798 
15,584 

0.28 

2.34 

0.68 

3.25 

2.40 

0.16 

0.92 

1.99 
13.67 

1.36 

44.0  $ 

4,600 

20.3 

16.0 

0.4 

1.7 

0.2 

82.6 

15.2 
2.2 

35,607 

6,813 

609 

4,149 

11 

51,789 

25,462 
23,950 

100.0  $  101,201 

0.21 

3.62 

0.71 

3.90 

3.42 

0.10 

1.22 

2.72 
14.19 

1.90 

40.1 

18.4 

18.0 

0.3 

2.3 

0.2 

79.3 

17.5 
3.2 

100.0 

Total allowance for credit losses

$  71,130 

In 2021, ASB’s allowance for credit losses decreased by $30.1 million primarily due to decreases in loan loss reserves for 

the commercial real estate, commercial and consumer loan portfolios for improved credit quality. The decrease in the consumer 
loan portfolio was also due to the decrease in the personal unsecured loan portfolio outstanding balance. Total delinquencies of 
$17.2 million at December 31, 2021 was a decrease of $2.4 million compared to total delinquencies of $19.6 million at 
December 31, 2020 primarily due to decreases in delinquent consumer, HELOC and residential land loans, partly offset by an 
increase in residential 1-4 family delinquent loans. The ratio of delinquent loans to total loans decreased from 0.37% of total 
outstanding loans at December 31, 2020 to 0.33% of total outstanding loans at December 31, 2021. Net charge-offs for 2021 
were $3.6 million, a decrease of $17.8 million compared to $21.4 million in 2020 primarily due to a decrease in consumer loan 
portfolio net charge-offs.

In 2020, ASB’s allowance for credit losses increased by $47.8 million primarily due to an increase in loan loss reserves for 

the commercial, commercial real estate and consumer loan portfolios for expected credit deterioration due to the COVID-19 
pandemic and the impact of adopting ASU 2016-13. Total delinquencies of $19.6 million at December 31, 2020 was a decrease 
of $0.2 million compared to total delinquencies of $19.8 million at December 31, 2019 primarily due to decreases in delinquent 
consumer loans, partly offset by an increase in residential 1-4 family delinquent loans. The ratio of delinquent loans to total 
loans decreased from 0.39% of total outstanding loans at December 31, 2019 to 0.37% of total outstanding loans at December 
31, 2020. Net charge-offs for 2020 were $21.4 million, a decrease of $0.8 million compared to $22.2 million in 2019 primarily 
due to a decrease in consumer loan portfolio net charge-offs. 

Investment securities.  Currently, ASB’s investment portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury and federal agency obligations, 

mortgage-backed securities, corporate bonds and mortgage revenue bonds. ASB owns mortgage-backed securities issued or 
guaranteed by the U.S. government agencies or sponsored agencies, including the Federal National Mortgage Association 
(FNMA), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA) and 
Small Business Administration (SBA). The weighted-average yield on investments during 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 1.52%, 
1.90% and 2.27%, respectively. ASB did not maintain a portfolio of securities held for trading during 2021 and 2020.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB had $522.3 million and $226.9 million, respectively, of investment securities that 

were purchased and classified as held-to-maturity. The investment securities were classified as held-to-maturity to enhance 
ASB’s capital management in a rising rate environment. ASB considers the held-to-maturity classification of these investment 
securities to be appropriate as ASB has the positive intent and ability to hold these securities to maturity.

Principal and interest on mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA, FHLMC, GNMA and SBA are guaranteed by the 

issuer and, in the case of GNMA and SBA, backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. U.S. Treasury securities 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are also backed by the full faith of the U.S. government. The increase in the investment securities portfolio was primarily due to 
the purchase of agency mortgage-backed and credit securities with excess liquidity.

The net unrealized gains and losses on ASB’s investment securities were primarily caused by movements in interest rates. 

All contractual cash flows of those investments are guaranteed by an agency of the U.S. government. Based upon ASB’s 
evaluation at December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was no indicated impairment as ASB expects to collect the contractual cash 
flows for these investments. See “Investment securities” in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of 
securities impairment assessment.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB did not have any private-issue mortgage-backed securities. ASB does not have 
any exposure to securities backed by subprime mortgages. See “Investment securities” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for a discussion of the allowance for credit losses for the investment securities portfolio.

The following table summarizes the current amortized cost of ASB’s investment portfolio (excluding stock of the FHLB of 

Des Moines, which has no contractual maturity) and weighted average yields as of December 31, 2021. Mortgage-backed 
securities are shown separately because they are typically paid in monthly installments over a number of years.

(dollars in millions)
U.S. Treasury and federal agency obligations

Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by 
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies

Corporate bonds
Mortgage revenue bonds1

After 1 year
through 5 
years

After 5 
years
through 10 
years

$ 

44 

$ 

In 1 year
or less
15 

$ 

— 
— 

— 
18 

$ 

$ 

— 
15 
 2.10% 

— 
62 
 2.06% 

$ 

15 
119 
 1.53% 

91 

— 
13 

After
10 years
$  — 

Mortgage-
backed 
securities
— 
$ 

Total1
150 

$ 

— 
— 

2,945 
— 

2,945 
31 

— 
$  — 

— 
$  2,945 

15 
$  3,141 

Weighted average yield 
1    Weighted average yield on the mortgage revenue bonds is computed on a tax equivalent basis using a federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

 1.53% 

 —% 

 1.54% 

Stock in FHLB.  As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB’s stock in FHLB of Des Moines $10 million and $9 million, 

respectively, was carried at cost because it can only be redeemed at par. The amount that ASB is required to invest in FHLB 
stock is determined by FHLB requirements. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, ASB received cash dividends of $327,000, $306,000 and 
$349,000, respectively, on its FHLB Stock.

Deposits and other borrowings.  Deposits continue to be the largest source of funds for ASB and are affected by 

market interest rates, competition and management’s responses to these factors. While deposits have increased by $1.1 billion 
in 2020 in part due to PPP loan proceeds and consumer economic impact payments from the CARES Act stimulus program, 
deposit retention and sustained growth will remain challenging in the current environment due to the low level of short-term 
interest rates. Advances from the FHLB of Des Moines, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds 
purchased continue to be additional sources of funds. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB’s costing liabilities consisted of 
99% deposits and 1% borrowings..

ASB’s deposits are obtained primarily from residents of Hawaii. Net deposit inflow or outflow, measured as the year-over-

year difference in year-end deposits, was an inflow of $785 million in 2021, compared to an inflow of $1.1 billion in 2020. 

The following table presents the amount of time certificates of deposit of $250,000 or more, segregated by time remaining 

until maturity: 

(in thousands)
Three months or less
Greater than three months through six months
Greater than six months through twelve months
Greater than twelve months

Amount
37,556 
8,577 
23,094 
18,381 
87,608 

$ 

$ 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB had approximately $1.4 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively, of deposits that 

were uninsured.

Other borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB and securities sold under agreements to repurchases. See “Other 
borrowings” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements. ASB may obtain advances from the FHLB of Des Moines 
provided that certain standards related to creditworthiness have been met. Advances are collateralized by a blanket pledge of 
certain notes held by ASB and the mortgages securing them. To the extent that advances exceed the amount of mortgage loan 

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
collateral pledged to the FHLB of Des Moines, the excess must be covered by qualified marketable securities held under the 
control of and at the FHLB of Des Moines or at an approved third-party custodian. FHLB advances generally are available to 
meet seasonal and other withdrawals of deposit accounts, to expand lending and to assist in the effort to improve asset and 
liability management. FHLB advances are made pursuant to several different credit programs offered from time to time by the 
FHLB of Des Moines. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as financing transactions and the 
obligations to repurchase these securities are recorded as liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. ASB pledges investment 
securities as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase. All such agreements are subject to master netting 
arrangements, which provide for conditional right of set-off in case of default by either party; however, ASB presents securities 
sold under agreements to repurchase on a gross basis in the balance sheet.

The decreases in other borrowings in 2021 and 2020 were due to decreases in business repurchase agreements. The 
increase in other borrowings in 2019 was due to an increase in business repurchase agreements, partly offset by the payoff of 
FHLB advances.  

As of December 31, 2021, the unused borrowing capacity with the FHLB of Des Moines was $2.0 billion. The FHLB of 

Des Moines continues to be an important source of liquidity for ASB. See “Liquidity and capital resources” below for changes 
in the unused borrowing capacity with the FHLB of Des Moines.

Other factors.  Interest rate risk is a significant risk of ASB’s operations and also represents a market risk factor 

affecting the fair value of ASB’s investment securities. Increases and decreases in prevailing interest rates generally translate 
into decreases and increases in the fair value of the investment securities, respectively. In addition, changes in credit spreads 
also impact the fair values of the investment securities.

As of December 31, 2021, ASB had an unrealized loss, net of taxes, on available-for-sale investment securities (including 
securities pledged for repurchase agreements) in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) of $32.0 million compared 
to an unrealized gain, net of taxes, of $20.0 million as of December 31, 2020. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures 
About Market Risk.”

Legislation and regulation.  ASB is subject to extensive regulation, principally by the OCC and the FDIC. Depending on 
ASB’s level of regulatory capital and other considerations, these regulations could restrict the ability of ASB to compete with 
other institutions and to pay dividends to its shareholder. See the discussion below under “Liquidity and capital resources.” 
Also see “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Final Capital Rules.  On July 2, 2013, the FRB finalized its rule implementing the Basel III regulatory capital framework. 
The final rules applied to banking organizations of all sizes and types regulated by the FRB and the OCC, except bank holding 
companies subject to the FRB’s Small Bank Holding Company Policy Statement and Savings & Loan Holding Companies 
(SLHCs) substantially engaged in insurance underwriting or commercial activities. HEI currently meets the requirements of the 
exemption as a top-tier grandfathered unitary SLHC that derived, as of June 30 of the previous calendar year, either 50% or 
more of its total consolidated assets or 50% or more of its total revenues on an enterprise-wide basis (calculated under GAAP) 
from activities that are not financial in nature pursuant to Section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act. The FRB is 
temporarily excluding these SLHCs from the final rule while it considers a proposal relating to capital and other requirements 
for SLHC intermediate holding companies (such as ASB Hawaii). The FRB indicated that it would release a proposal on 
intermediate holding companies that would specify the criteria for establishing and transferring activities to intermediate 
holding companies and propose to apply the FRB’s capital requirements to such intermediate holding companies. The FRB has 
not yet issued such a proposal, or a proposal on how to apply the Basel III capital rules to SLHCs that are substantially engaged 
in commercial or insurance underwriting activities, such as grandfathered unitary SLHCs like HEI.

Pursuant to the final rule and consistent with the proposals, all banking organizations, including covered holding 
companies, would initially be subject to the following minimum regulatory capital requirements: a common equity Tier 1 
capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%, a total capital ratio of 8% of risk-weighted assets and a tier 1 leverage ratio of 
4%, and these requirements would increase in subsequent years. In order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions and 
discretionary bonus payments to executive officers, the final rule requires a banking organization to hold a buffer of common 
equity tier 1 capital above its minimum capital requirements in an amount greater than 2.5% of total risk-weighted assets 
(capital conservation buffer).

Subject to the timing and final outcome of the FRB’s SLHC intermediate holding company proposal, HEI anticipates that 

the capital requirements in the final rule will eventually be effective for HEI or ASB Hawaii as well. If the capital 
requirements were currently applicable to HEI, management believes HEI would satisfy the capital requirements, including the 
capital conservation buffer. Management cannot predict what final rule the FRB may adopt concerning intermediate holding 
companies or their impact on ASB Hawaii, if any.

74

In the second quarter of 2020, ASB had adopted the community bank leverage ratio framework and was only subject to the 
Tier 1 leverage ratio requirement. Beginning in the third quarter of 2021, ASB began reporting all of the required capital ratios 
as the Bank did not meet the requirements of the community bank leverage ratio framework. With Tier 1 leverage, common 
equity, Tier 1 capital and total capital ratios of 7.9%, 13.3%, 13.3% and 14.3%, respectively as of December 31, 2021, ASB’s 
regulatory capital ratios exceeded the minimum regulatory capital requirements of 4.0%, 4.5%, 6.0% and 8.0%, respectively. 
See Bank - Regulation in HEI’s “Item 1. Business” for a description of the changes to the community bank leverage ratio 
framework.

Liquidity and capital resources.

December 31
(dollars in millions)

Total assets

Investment securities

Loans held for investment, net

Deposit liabilities

Other bank borrowings

2021 % change

2020 % change

$  9,182 
3,097 
5,140 
8,172 
88 

9  $  8,397 
2,197 
41 
5,233 
(2)   
7,387 
11 
90 
(2)   

16 
60 
3 
18 
(22) 

As of December 31, 2021, ASB was one of Hawaii’s largest financial institutions based on assets of $9.2 billion and 

deposits of $8.2 billion. 

ASB’s principal sources of liquidity are customer deposits, borrowings and the maturity and repayment of portfolio loans 

and securities. The Bank’s liquidity remains at satisfactory levels as deposits continued to grow substantially which enabled 
ASB to fund its loan production and purchase investment securities with low cost funding. ASB’s deposits as of December 31, 
2021 were $785 million higher than December 31, 2020. ASB’s sources of borrowings include advances from the FHLB and 
securities sold under agreements to repurchase from broker/dealers and commercial account holders. As of December 31, 2021, 
ASB had no FHLB borrowings outstanding. ASB is approved to borrow from the FHLB up to 35% of ASB’s assets to the 
extent it provides qualifying collateral and holds sufficient FHLB stock. As of December 31, 2021, ASB’s unused FHLB 
borrowing capacity was approximately $2.0 billion.

As of December 31, 2021, securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $88 million, representing 1.0% of assets.

ASB utilizes deposits, advances from the FHLB and securities sold under agreements to repurchase to fund maturing and 
withdrawn deposits, repay maturing borrowings, fund existing and future loans and purchase investment and mortgage-backed 
securities. As of December 31, 2021, ASB had commitments to borrowers for loans and unused lines and letters of credit of 
$1.9 billion, of which, commitments to lend to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings 
were nil. Management believes ASB’s current sources of funds will enable it to meet these obligations while maintaining 
liquidity at satisfactory levels.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB had $45.0 million and $47.4 million of loans on nonaccrual status, respectively, 
or 0.9% and 0.9%, respectively, of net loans outstanding. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB had nil real estate acquired 
in settlement of loans.

In 2021, operating activities provided cash of $115 million. Net cash of $881 million was used by investing activities 
primarily due to purchases of available-for-sale investment securities of $1.5 billion, purchases of held-to-maturity investment 
securities of $350 million, contributions to low-income housing investments of $16 million, purchases of bank-owned life 
insurance of $13 million and additions to premises and equipment of $11 million, partly offset by receipt of repayments from 
available-for-sale investment securities of $583 million, proceeds from the sale of available-for-sale investment securities of 
$197 million, net decrease in loans receivable of $72 million, proceeds from sale of residential loans of $60 million, repayments 
from held-to-maturity investment securities of $54 million and proceeds from the redemption of bank-owned life insurance of 
$6 million. Financing activities provided net cash of $725 million primarily due to a net increase in deposits of $785 million, 
partly offset by a net decrease in repurchase agreements of $1 million and common stock dividends to HEI (through ASB 
Hawaii) of $59 million.

ASB believes that maintaining a satisfactory regulatory capital position provides a basis for public confidence, affords 
protection to depositors, helps to ensure continued access to capital markets on favorable terms and provides a foundation for 
growth. FDIC regulations restrict the ability of financial institutions that are not well-capitalized to compete on the same terms 
as well-capitalized institutions, such as by offering interest rates on deposits that are significantly higher than the rates offered 
by competing institutions. As of December 31, 2021, ASB was well-capitalized (see Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements for ASB’s capital ratios).

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For a discussion of ASB dividends, see “Common stock equity” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

See “Commitments” in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of commitments and 

contingencies and off-balance sheet arrangements.

Material estimates and critical accounting policies.  Also see “Material estimates and critical accounting policies” for 
Consolidated HEI above.

Allowance for credit losses.  The Company considers the policies related to the allowance for credit losses as critical to the 
financial statement presentation. The allowance for credit losses applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured 
at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet credit exposures. This includes, but is not limited to loans, loan commitments 
and held-to-maturity securities. In addition, the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities and 
purchased financial assets with credit deterioration were amended. The other-than-temporary impairment model of accounting 
for credit losses on AFS debt securities was replaced with an estimate of expected credit losses only when the fair value is 
below the amortized cost of the asset. The credit loss models use a probability-of-default, loss given default and exposure at 
default methodology to estimate the expected credit losses. Within each model or calculation, loans are further segregated based 
on additional risk characteristics specific to that loan type, such as risk rating, Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score, bankruptcy 
score, age of loan and collateral. The Company uses both internal and external historical data, as appropriate, and a blend of 
economic forecasts to estimate credit losses over a reasonable and supportable forecast period and then reverts to a longer-term 
historical loss experience to arrive at lifetime expected credit losses. The reversion period incorporates forward-looking 
expectations about repayments (including prepayments) as determined by the Company’s asset liability management system. 
See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the 
Company’s allowance for credit losses.

ASB disaggregates the loan portfolio into loan segments for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses. 
Commercial, commercial real estate, and commercial construction loans are defined as non-homogeneous loans. ASB utilizes a 
risk rating system for evaluating the credit quality of such loans. Loans are rated based on the degree of risk at origination and 
periodically thereafter, as appropriate. Values are applied separately to the probability of default (borrower risk) and loss given 
default (transaction risk). ASB utilizes a numerical-based, risk rating “PD Model” that takes into consideration fiscal year-end 
financial information of the borrower and identified financial attributes including retained earnings, operating cash flows, 
interest coverage, liquidity and leverage that demonstrate a strong correlation with default to assign default probabilities at the 
borrower level. In addition, a loss given default value is assigned to each loan to measure loss in the event of default based on 
loan specific features such as collateral that mitigates the amount of loss in the event of default. Together the PD Model and 
loss given default construct provide a quantitative, data driven and consistent framework for measuring risk within the 
portfolio, on a loan by loan basis and for the ultimate collectability of each loan.

Residential, consumer and credit scored business loans are considered homogeneous loans, which are typically 

underwritten based on common, uniform standards. For the homogeneous portfolio, the quality of the loan is best indicated by 
the repayment performance of an individual borrower. ASB supplements performance data with external credit bureau data and 
credit scores such as the FICO score on a quarterly basis. ASB has built portfolio loss models for each major segment based on 
the combination of internal and external data to predict the probability of default at the loan level.

ASB also considers qualitative factors in determining the allowance for credit losses. These include but are not limited to 
adjustments for changes in policies and procedures in underwriting, monitoring or collections, economic conditions, portfolio 
mix, lending and risk management personnel, results of internal audit and quality control reviews, collateral values and any 
concentrations of credit. 

The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to be sufficient to cover expected 

losses related to unfunded credit facilities and is included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance 
sheets. The determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based upon an evaluation of the unfunded credit facilities, including 
an assessment of historical commitment utilization experience, credit risk grading and historical loss rates. This process takes 
into consideration the same risk elements that are analyzed in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit 
losses, as discussed above. Net adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in the provision for credit 
losses in the consolidated statements of income.

Management believes its allowance for credit losses is adequate to cover expected credit losses in the loan portfolio. 
However, such estimates are based on currently available information and historical experience, and future adjustments may be 
required from time to time to the allowance for credit losses based on new information and changes that occur (e.g., due to 
changes in economic conditions, particularly in Hawaii). Actual losses could differ from management’s estimates, and these 
differences and subsequent adjustments could be material.

76

Fair value.  Fair value estimates are based on the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid upon the transfer of a 

liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value estimates are generally 
determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are based on market 
data obtained from independent third party sources. However, in certain cases, ASB uses its own assumptions based on the best 
information available in certain circumstances. These valuations are estimates at a specific point in time, based on relevant 
market information, information about the financial instrument and judgments regarding future expected loss experience, 
economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments and other factors. These estimates do not reflect any 
premium or discount that could result if ASB were to sell its entire holdings of a particular financial instrument at one time. 
Because no active trading market exists for a portion of its financial instruments, fair value estimates cannot be determined with 
precision. Changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could 
significantly affect the estimates. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses 
could have a significant effect on fair value estimates, but have not been considered in making such estimates.

ASB classifies its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in accordance with the three-level valuation 
hierarchy. Level 1 valuations are based on quoted prices, unadjusted for identical instruments traded in active markets. Level 2 
valuations are based on quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar 
instruments in markets that are not active or model-based techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the 
market. Level 3 valuations are based on model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in 
the market or significant management judgment or estimation. See “Fair value measurements” in Note 1 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements).

Significant assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis include ASB’s mortgage-backed securities available for sale. 
These instruments are priced using an external pricing service and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. The 
third-party pricing services use a variety of methods to determine fair value including quoted prices for similar securities in an 
active market, yield spreads for similar trades, adjustments for liquidity, size, collateral characteristics, historic and generic 
prepayment speeds and other observable market factors. To enhance the robustness of the pricing process, ASB compares its 
standard third-party vendor’s price with that of another third-party vendor. If the prices are within an acceptable tolerance 
range, the price of the standard vendor will be accepted. If the variance is beyond the tolerance range, an evaluation will be 
conducted by the investment manager and a challenge to the price may be made. Fair value in such cases will be based on the 
value that best reflects the data and observable characteristics of the security. In all cases, the fair value used will have been 
independently determined by a third-party pricing vendor or non-affiliated broker.

Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. 

Examples of nonrecurring uses of fair value include mortgage servicing rights accounted for by the amortization method, loan 
impairments for certain loans, real estate acquired in settlement of loans and goodwill.

See “Investment securities” and “Derivative financial instruments” in Note 4 and Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial 

Statements for additional information regarding ASB’s fair value measurements.

ITEM 7A.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

HEI and Hawaiian Electric (in the case of Hawaiian Electric, only the information related to Hawaiian Electric and its 
subsidiaries is applicable):

The Company manages various market risks in the ordinary course of business, including credit risk and liquidity risk. The 

Company believes the electric utility and the “other” segment’s exposures to these two risks were not material as of 
December 31, 2021.

Credit risk for ASB is the risk that borrowers or issuers of securities will not be able to repay their obligations to the Bank. 
Credit risk associated with ASB’s lending portfolios is controlled through its underwriting standards, loan rating of commercial 
and commercial real estate loans, on-going monitoring by loan officers, credit review and quality control functions in these 
lending areas and adequate allowance for credit losses. Credit risk associated with the securities portfolio is mitigated through 
investment portfolio limits, experienced staff working with analytical tools, monthly fair value analysis and on-going 
monitoring and reporting such as investment watch reports and loss sensitivity analysis. See “Allowance for credit losses” in 
Item 7 above and in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Liquidity risk for ASB is the risk that the Bank will not meet its obligations when they become due. Liquidity risk is 
mitigated by ASB’s asset/liability management process, on-going analytical analysis, monitoring and reporting information 
such as weekly cash-flow analyses and maintenance of liquidity contingency plans.

77

The Utilities are exposed to some commodity price risk primarily related to their fuel supply and IPP contracts. The 
Utilities’ commodity price risk is substantially mitigated so long as they have their current ECRCs in their rate schedules. The 
Utilities currently have no hedges against its commodity price risk. 

The Company currently has no direct exposure to market risk from trading activities nor foreign currency exchange rate 

risk.

The Company considers interest rate risk to be a very significant market risk as it could potentially have a significant effect 

on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, especially as it relates to ASB, but also as it may 
affect the discount rate used to determine retirement benefit liabilities and minimum contributions, the market value of 
retirement benefit plans’ assets, borrowing costs and the Utilities’ allowed rates of return. Interest rate risk can be defined as the 
exposure of the Company’s earnings to adverse movements in interest rates.

Bank interest rate risk

The Company’s success is dependent, in part, upon ASB’s ability to manage interest rate risk. ASB’s interest-rate risk 

profile is strongly influenced by its primary business of making fixed-rate residential mortgage loans and taking in retail 
deposits. Large mismatches in the amounts or timing between the maturity or repricing of interest sensitive assets or liabilities 
could adversely affect ASB’s earnings and the market value of its interest-sensitive assets and liabilities in the event of 
significant changes in the level of interest rates. Many other factors also affect ASB’s exposure to changes in interest rates, such 
as general economic and financial conditions, customer preferences and competition for loans or deposits.

ASB’s Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO), whose voting members are officers and employees of ASB, is 
responsible for managing interest rate risk and carrying out the overall asset/liability management objectives and activities of 
ASB as approved by the ASB Board of Directors. ALCO establishes policies under which management monitors and 
coordinates ASB’s assets and liabilities.

See Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the use of rate lock commitments on loans held for 

sale and forward sale contracts to manage some interest rate risk associated with ASB’s residential loan sale program.

Management of ASB measures interest-rate risk using simulation analysis with an emphasis on measuring changes in net 

interest income (NII) and the market value of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities in different interest-rate environments. The 
simulation analysis is performed using a dedicated asset/liability management software system enhanced with a mortgage 
prepayment model and a collateralized mortgage obligation database. The simulation software is capable of generating 
scenario-specific cash flows for all instruments using the specified contractual information for each instrument and product 
specific prepayment assumptions for mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities.

NII sensitivity analysis measures the change in ASB’s twelve-month, pretax NII in alternate interest rate scenarios. NII 
sensitivity is measured as the change in NII in the alternate interest-rate scenarios as a percentage of the base case NII. The base 
case interest-rate scenario is established using the current yield curve and assumes interest rates remain constant over the next 
twelve months. The alternate scenarios are created by assuming “rate ramps” or gradual interest changes and accomplished by 
moving the yield curve in a parallel fashion, over the next twelve-month period, in increments of +/- 100 basis points. The 
simulation model forecasts scenario-specific principal and interest cash flows for the interest-bearing assets and liabilities, and 
the NII is calculated for each scenario. Key balance sheet modeling assumptions used in the NII sensitivity analysis include: the 
size of the balance sheet remains relatively constant over the simulation horizon and maturing assets or liabilities are reinvested 
in similar instruments in order to maintain the current mix of the balance sheet. In addition, assumptions are made about the 
prepayment behavior of mortgage-backed assets, future pricing spreads for new assets and liabilities and the speed and 
magnitude with which deposit rates change in response to changes in the overall level of interest rates. Other NII sensitivity 
analysis may include scenarios such as yield curve twists or non-static balance sheet changes (such as changes to key balance 
sheet drivers).

Consistent with OCC guidelines, the market value or economic capitalization of ASB is measured as economic value of 

equity (EVE). EVE represents the theoretical market value of ASB’s net worth and is defined as the present value of expected 
net cash flows from existing assets minus the present value of expected cash flows from existing liabilities plus the present 
value of expected net cash flows from existing off-balance sheet contracts. Key assumptions used in the calculation of ASB’s 
EVE include the prepayment behavior of loans and investments, the possible distribution of future interest rates, pricing spreads 
for assets and liabilities in the alternate scenarios and the rate and balance behavior of deposit accounts with indeterminate 
maturities. EVE is calculated in multiple scenarios. As with the NII simulation, the base case is represented by the current yield 
curve. Alternate scenarios are created by assuming immediate parallel shifts in the yield curve in increments of +/- 100 basis 
points (bp) up to + 300 bp. The change in EVE is measured as the change in EVE in a given rate scenario from the base case 
and expressed as a percentage. To gain further insight into the interest rate risk profile, additional analysis is periodically 
performed in alternate scenarios including rate shifts of greater magnitude and changes in key balance sheet drivers.

78

ASB’s interest-rate risk sensitivity measures as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 constitute “forward-looking statements” 

and were as follows:

Change in interest rates
(basis points)

+300
+200
+100
-100

Change in NII
(gradual change in interest rates)

Change in EVE
(instantaneous change in interest rates)

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

 5.6 %
4.0 
2.3 
(2.5) 

 7.0 %
5.0 
2.7 
(1.9) 

 15.5 %
11.7 
7.0 
(12.6) 

 31.4 %
23.9 
14.0 
(25.2) 

ASB’s NII sensitivity profile was less asset sensitive as of December, 31, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020, 
primarily driven by the increase in market rates, growth in the fixed rate portion of the HELOC and residential mortgage 
portfolios, and core deposit funded investment securities purchases. The increase in market rates decreased prepayment 
expectations in the Bank’s fixed-rate mortgage and mortgage-backed investment portfolios, driving decreased asset sensitivity.  
In addition, the fixed rate portion of the HELOC and residential mortgage portfolios grew, contributing to decreased asset 
sensitivity. Lastly, the deployment of strong core deposit growth into new fixed-rate investment purchases further contributed to 
decreased sensitivity.

EVE sensitivity decreased as of December 31, 2021 compared to December 31, 2020 as the duration of assets lengthened.  
The steepening of the yield curve led to slower prepayment expectations and lengthened the duration of the fixed-rate mortgage 
and mortgage-backed investment portfolios.

The computation of the prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes on the NII sensitivity and the percentage 

change in EVE is based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments, balance 
changes and pricing strategies, and should not be relied upon as indications of actual results. To the extent market conditions 
and other factors vary from the assumptions used in the simulation analysis, actual results may differ materially from the 
simulation results. NII sensitivity analysis measures the change in ASB’s twelve-month, pretax NII in alternate interest rate 
scenarios, and is intended to help management identify potential exposures in ASB’s current balance sheet and formulate 
appropriate strategies for managing interest rate risk. The simulation does not contemplate any actions that ASB management 
might undertake in response to changes in interest rates. Further, the changes in NII vary in the twelve-month simulation period 
and are not necessarily evenly distributed over the period. These analyses are for analytical purposes only and do not represent 
management’s views of future market movements, the level of future earnings, or the timing of any changes in earnings within 
the twelve-month analysis horizon. The actual impact of changes in interest rates on NII will depend on the magnitude and 
speed with which rates change, actual changes in ASB’s balance sheet, and management’s responses to the changes in interest 
rates.

Other than bank interest rate risk

The Company’s general policy is to manage “other than bank” interest rate risk through use of a combination of short-term 

debt, long-term debt and preferred securities. As of December 31, 2021, the Company was exposed to “other than bank” 
interest rate risk because of its periodic borrowing requirements, the impact of interest rates on the discount rate and the market 
value of plan assets used to determine retirement benefits expenses and obligations (see “Pension and other postretirement 
benefits obligations” in HEI’s MD&A and “Retirement benefits” in Notes 1 and 10 of the Consolidated Financial Statements) 
and the possible effect of interest rates on the electric utilities’ allowed rates of return. Other than these exposures, management 
believes its exposure to “other than bank” interest rate risk is not material. The Company’s long-term debt, in the form of 
borrowings of proceeds of revenue bonds, privately-placed senior notes and bank term loans, is predominately at fixed rates 
(see Note 16 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for the fair value of long-term debt, net-other than bank).

79

 
 
ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

HEI and Hawaiian Electric:

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (PCAOB ID No. 34) - HEI

Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms (PCAOB ID No. 34) - Hawaiian Electric

Consolidated Financial Statements

HEI

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Hawaiian Electric

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Capitalization at December 31, 2021 and 2020

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stock Equity for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

81

84

86

86

87

88

89

90

92

92

93

94

96

97

98

80

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries (the 
“Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, 
changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the 
related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). We 
also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria 
established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the 
Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the 
Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in 
the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by 
COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over 
financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the 
accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an 
opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our 
audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) 
(PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws 
and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the 
financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures to respond to those risks. Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also 
included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the 
overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an 
understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and 
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included 
performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a 
reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the 
company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

81

Critical Audit Matters 

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that 
were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that 
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and 
we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on 
the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Electric Utility Segment - Regulatory Assets and Liabilities - Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (“Hawaiian Electric” or the “Utility”) is subject to rate regulation by the Hawaii Public Utility 
Commission (the “PUC”) and accounts for the effects of regulation under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” as management believes that the operations of 
the Utility currently satisfy the criteria for regulatory accounting. Accounting for the economics of rate regulation impacts 
multiple financial statement line items and disclosures, such as property, plant, and equipment; regulatory assets and liabilities; 
operating revenues; operation and maintenance expense; and depreciation expense. As of December 31, 2021, regulatory assets 
and liabilities amounted to approximately $565,543,000 and $996,768,000, respectively. The Company’s continued accounting 
under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to 
recover the costs of providing service; and it is reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, 
customers. On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a Decision and Order approving a new performance-based regulation 
(“PBR”) framework. The framework became fully effective on June 1, 2021.

Hawaiian Electric’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and earnings oversight. Rates are determined and 
approved in regulatory proceedings based on an analysis of the Utility’s costs to provide utility service and a return on, and 
recovery of, Hawaiian Electric’s investment in the utility business. Any decision by the PUC could (1) impact the recovery in 
future rates of costs incurred as property, plant, and equipment and deferred as regulatory assets and (2) necessitate a refund in 
rates that should be reported as regulatory liabilities.

We identified the impact of rate regulation as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to 
support its assertions about the applicability of applying the specialized rules and the impacted account balances, including 
disclosures and the high degree of subjectivity involved in assessing the impact of regulatory orders on the financial statements. 
Management judgments include assessing the applicability of the specialized rules and the likelihood of (1) recovery in future 
rates of incurred costs and (2) a refund to customers. Given that management’s accounting judgments are based on assumptions 
about the outcome of future decisions by the PUC, auditing these judgments required specialized knowledge of accounting for 
rate regulation and the rate-setting process due to its inherent complexities.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the application of specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation and 
the uncertainty of future decisions by the rate regulators included the following, among others: 

• We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over (1) the evaluation of the application of specialized rules to 

account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation and (2) the evaluation of the likelihood of (a) the recovery in future 
rates of costs incurred as property, plant, and equipment and deferred as regulatory assets and (b) a refund that should 
be reported as regulatory liabilities. Such controls include the monitoring and evaluation of regulatory developments 
that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or refunding amounts in rates.

• We evaluated the Company’s conclusion that it should apply the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-

based rate regulation including considerations as a result of the PBR decision and order.

• We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and 

regulatory developments.

• We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the PUC for the Utility, regulatory statutes, filings made by interveners, 
and other publicly available information to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in 
rates based on precedents of the PUC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated the 
external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.
For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Utility’s filings with the PUC and the filings with the PUC by 
intervenors that may impact the Utility’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

•

• We obtained analyses from management as appropriate regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or 

refund in rates for regulatory liabilities not yet addressed in a regulatory order to assess management’s assertion that 
amounts are probable of recovery, or refundable in rates.

82

Allowance for Credit Losses - Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The allowance for credit losses is a material estimate of the Company and as of December 31, 2021, the total balance was 
$71,130,000. The allowance for credit losses is based on the composition, characteristics, and quality of the loans, as well as the 
prevailing economic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The credit loss models use a probability-of-default, 
loss given default, and exposure at default methodology to estimate expected credit losses.

The Company also incorporates qualitative factors to adjust the historical loss rates or other static sources as these rates may not 
be an accurate indicator of expected losses in the current portfolio. These qualitative factors include, but are not limited to, 
adjustments for changes in policies and procedures in underwriting, monitoring or collections, current and expected economic 
conditions, portfolio mix, lending and risk management personnel, results of internal audit and quality control reviews, 
collateral values, and any concentrations of credit.

The selection of relevant and appropriate qualitative factors in calculating the allowance for credit losses requires significant 
management judgment. Given the magnitude of the qualitative factors and significant amount of judgment required by 
management in developing the qualitative component of the overall allowance, performing audit procedures to evaluate the 
reasonableness of the allowance for credit losses required a high degree of auditor judgment, an increased level of effort, and 
the need to involve more experienced audit professionals.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the allowance for credit losses included the following, among others: 

• We tested the effectiveness of controls over the allowance for credit losses, including management’s controls over the 

respective qualitative factors.

• We evaluated the reasonableness and conceptual soundness of the allowance for credit losses modeling framework, 

including the use of qualitative factors.

• We tested the mathematical accuracy of the calculation of the qualitative allowance for credit losses as well as the 

accuracy and completeness of data used as inputs to the determination of qualitative factors.

• We evaluated the qualitative factors applied to the historical loss rates, including assessing the basis for the factors and 

the reasonableness of the qualitative factors used in the allowance for credit losses.

• We evaluated the directional consistency and magnitude of the qualitative adjustments, as well as the absolute value of 

•

the allowance for credit losses attributable to the qualitative adjustments.
In order to identify potential bias in the determination of the allowance for credit losses, we performed analytical 
analysis, including retrospective review, where we compared the estimate of losses to actual losses, analyzed ratios of 
the allowance for credit losses to loans and other relevant metrics, such as losses and nonperforming loans, and 
performed peer analysis where we compared relevant metrics to comparable financial institutions, and evaluated the 
relevance of the underlying data used to determine qualitative factors, to identify potential bias in the determination of 
the allowance for credit losses.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Honolulu, Hawaii
February 25, 2022 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

83

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholder and the Board of Directors of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and statements of capitalization of Hawaiian Electric 
Company, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of 
income, comprehensive income, changes in common stock equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period 
ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2) (collectively referred to as 
the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position 
of the Company as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three 
years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America. 

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on 
the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company 
Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over 
financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting 
but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. 
Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due 
to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that 
was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that 
are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and 
we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Electric Utility Segment –  Regulatory Assets and Liabilities - Refer to Notes 1 and 3 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (“Hawaiian Electric” or the “Utility”) is subject to rate regulation by the Hawaii Public Utility 
Commission (the “PUC”) and accounts for the effects of regulation under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) 
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 980, “Regulated Operations,” as management believes that the operations of 
the Utility currently satisfy the criteria for regulatory accounting. Accounting for the economics of rate regulation impacts 
multiple financial statement line items and disclosures, such as property, plant, and equipment; regulatory assets and liabilities; 
operating revenues; operation and maintenance expense; and depreciation expense. As of December 31, 2021, regulatory assets 
and liabilities amounted to approximately $565,543,000 and $996,768,000, respectively. The Company’s continued accounting 
under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to 
recover the costs of providing service; and it is reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, 
customers. On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a Decision and Order approving a new performance-based regulation 
(“PBR”) framework. The framework became fully effective on June 1, 2021.

Hawaiian Electric’s rates are subject to regulatory rate-setting processes and earnings oversight. Rates are determined and 
approved in regulatory proceedings based on an analysis of the Utility’s costs to provide utility service and a return on, and 

84

recovery of, Hawaiian Electric’s investment in the utility business. Any decision by the PUC could (1) impact the recovery in 
future rates of costs incurred as property, plant, and equipment and deferred as regulatory assets and (2) necessitate a refund in 
rates that should be reported as regulatory liabilities.

We identified the impact of rate regulation as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to 
support its assertions about the applicability of applying the specialized rules and the impacted account balances, including 
disclosures and the high degree of subjectivity involved in assessing the impact of regulatory orders on the financial statements. 
Management judgments include assessing the applicability of the specialized rules and the likelihood of (1) recovery in future 
rates of incurred costs and (2) a refund to customers. Given that management’s accounting judgments are based on assumptions 
about the outcome of future decisions by the PUC, auditing these judgments required specialized knowledge of accounting for 
rate regulation and the rate-setting process due to its inherent complexities.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the application of specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation and 
the uncertainty of future decisions by the rate regulators included the following, among others: 

• We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over (1) the evaluation of the application of specialized rules to 

account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation and (2) the evaluation of the likelihood of (a) the recovery in future 
rates of costs incurred as property, plant, and equipment and deferred as regulatory assets and (b) a refund that should 
be reported as regulatory liabilities. Such controls include the monitoring and evaluation of regulatory developments 
that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or refunding amounts in rates.

• We evaluated the Company’s conclusion that it should apply the specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-

based rate regulation including considerations as a result of the PBR decision and order.

• We evaluated the Company’s disclosures related to the impacts of rate regulation, including the balances recorded and 

regulatory developments.

• We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the PUC for the Utility, regulatory statutes, filings made by interveners, 
and other publicly available information to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or of a future reduction in 
rates based on precedents of the PUC’s treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated the 
external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness.
For regulatory matters in process, we inspected the Utility’s filings with the PUC and the filings with the PUC by 
intervenors that may impact the Utility’s future rates, for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions.

•

• We obtained analyses from management as appropriate regarding probability of recovery for regulatory assets or 

refund in rates for regulatory liabilities not yet addressed in a regulatory order to assess management’s assertion that 
amounts are probable of recovery, or refundable in rates.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Honolulu, Hawaii
February 25, 2022 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.

85

Consolidated Statements of Income

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Years ended December 31

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Revenues

Electric utility

Bank

Other

Total revenues

Expenses

Electric utility

Bank (includes $10.8 million gain on sales of properties in 2019)

Other

Total expenses

Operating income (loss)

Electric utility

Bank

Other

Total operating income

2021

2020

2019

$  2,539,636  $  2,265,320  $  2,545,942 
327,917 

306,398 

313,511 

4,345 

944 

89 

  2,850,379 

  2,579,775 

  2,873,948 

  2,260,078 

  1,996,770 

  2,291,564 

178,195 

26,040 

251,702 

19,810 

217,008 

17,355 

  2,464,313 

  2,268,282 

  2,525,927 

279,558 

128,203 

268,550 

61,809 

254,378 

110,909 

(21,695)   

(18,866)   

(17,266) 

386,066 

311,493 

348,021 

Retirement defined benefits credit (expense)—other than service costs

5,848 

(3,210)   

(2,806) 

Interest expense, net – other than on deposit liabilities and other bank borrowings
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction

(94,363)   
3,250 

(88,694)   
2,992 

9,534 

528 

310,863 

62,807 

248,056 

1,890 

8,768 

9,275 

240,624 

40,910 

199,714 

1,890 

(90,899) 
4,453 

11,987 

653 

271,409 

51,637 

219,772 

1,890 

$ 

$ 

$ 

246,166  $ 

197,824  $ 

217,882 

2.25  $ 

2.25  $ 

1.81  $ 

1.81  $ 

109,282 

109,140 

298 

216 

2.00 

1.99 
108,949 

458 

109,580 

109,356 

109,407 

Allowance for equity funds used during construction

Gain on sale of investment securities, net
Income before income taxes

Income taxes
Net income

Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries
Net income for common stock

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding

Net effect of potentially dilutive shares

Weighted-average shares assuming dilution

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for sale investment securities:

Net unrealized gains (losses) on available-for sale investment securities 

arising during the period, net of taxes of $(18,903), $7,008 and $10,024 for 
2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

2021

2020

2019

$  246,166  $  197,824  $  217,882 

(51,636)   

19,143 

27,382 

Reclassification adjustment for net realized gains included in net income, net 

of taxes of $(142), $(599) and $(175) for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively  

(387)   

(1,638)   

(478) 

Derivatives qualified as cash flow hedges:

Unrealized interest rate hedging losses, net of taxes of $(108), $(607) and 

$(409) for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Reclassification adjustment to net income, net of taxes of $13, nil and nil for 

2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Retirement benefit plans:

Net gains (losses) arising during the period, net of taxes of $53,068, $(20,907) 

and $3,892 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit and net losses recognized 
during the period in net periodic benefit cost, net of taxes of $6,665, $8,247 
and $3,512 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Reclassification adjustment for impact of D&Os of the PUC included in 

regulatory assets, net of taxes of $(59,429), $13,825 and $(5,610) for 2021, 
2020 and 2019, respectively

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes

(312)   

(1,750)   

(1,177) 

37 

— 

— 

153,121 

(60,529)   

10,914 

19,253 

23,689 

10,107 

(171,345)   

(51,269)   

39,860 

18,775 

(16,177) 

30,571 

Comprehensive income attributable to Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.

$  194,897  $  216,599  $  248,453 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

December 31
(dollars in thousands)
ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, net
Available-for-sale investment securities, at fair value
Held-to-maturity investment securities, at amortized cost
Stock in Federal Home Loan Bank, at cost
Loans held for investment, net
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
Property, plant and equipment, net

Land
Plant and equipment
Construction in progress

Less – accumulated depreciation

Operating lease right-of-use assets
Regulatory assets
Other
Goodwill

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable
Interest and dividends payable
Deposit liabilities
Short-term borrowings—other than bank
Other bank borrowings
Long-term debt, net—other than bank
Deferred income taxes
Operating lease liabilities
Regulatory liabilities
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans liability
Other

Total liabilities

Preferred stock of subsidiaries - not subject to mandatory redemption
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 3 and 4)
Shareholders’ equity
Preferred stock, no par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued: none

Common stock, no par value, authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued and 

outstanding: 109,311,785 shares and 109,181,124 shares at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes

2021

2020

102,910 
$ 
  8,085,793 
231,495 
  8,420,198 
  (3,028,130) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

305,551 
5,911 
344,213 
2,574,618 
522,270 
10,000 
5,139,984 
10,404 

5,392,068 
122,416 
565,543 
747,469 
82,190 
15,822,637 

205,544 
19,889 
8,172,212 
53,998 
88,305 
2,321,937 
384,760 
136,760 
996,768 
348,072 
669,215 
13,397,460 
34,293 

103,428 
$ 
  7,851,185 
214,266 
  8,168,879 
  (2,903,144) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

341,421 
17,558 
281,216 
1,970,417 
226,947 
8,680 
5,232,642 
28,275 

5,265,735 
153,069 
766,708 
629,149 
82,190 
15,004,007 

182,347 
23,547 
7,386,957 
129,379 
89,670 
2,119,129 
395,089 
160,432 
959,786 
567,438 
618,438 
12,632,212 
34,293 

— 

— 

1,685,496 
757,921 

1,678,368 
660,398 

Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities
Unrealized losses on derivatives
Retirement benefit plans
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

$ 

(32,037) 
(3,638) 
(16,858) 

$ 

19,986 
(3,363) 
(17,887) 

(52,533) 
2,390,884 
15,822,637 

$ 

(1,264) 
2,337,502 
15,004,007 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries

(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Balance, December 31, 2018
Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

Issuance of common stock:

Share-based plans

Share-based expenses and other, net

Common stock dividends ($1.28 per share)
Balance, December 31, 2019

Impact of adoption of ASU No. 2016-13
Balance, January 1, 2020 after adoption of 
ASU No. 2016-13
Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

Issuance of common stock:

Share-based plans

Share-based expenses and other, net

Common stock dividends ($1.32 per share)
Balance, December 31, 2020
Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Issuance of common stock:

Share-based plans

Share-based expenses and other, net

Common stock dividends ($1.36 per share)
Balance, December 31, 2021

Common stock

Shares

Amount

Retained
earnings

Accumulated
 other
 comprehensive
income (loss)

Total

  108,879  $ 1,669,267  $  543,623  $ 

— 

— 

94 

— 

— 

— 

3,092 

5,898 

217,882 

— 

— 

— 

— 
  108,973 
— 

— 
  1,678,257 
— 

(139,463)   
622,042 
(15,372)   

(50,610)  $ 2,162,280 
217,882 

— 

30,571 

30,571 

— 

— 

3,092 

5,898 

— 

(139,463) 
(20,039)    2,280,260 
(15,372) 

— 

  108,973 

  1,678,257 

606,670 

(20,039)    2,264,888 

— 

— 

208 

— 

— 

— 

3,973 

(3,862)   

197,824 

— 

197,824 

— 

— 

— 

18,775 

18,775 

— 

— 

3,973 

(3,862) 

— 
  109,181 
— 

— 
  1,678,368 
— 

(144,096)   
660,398 
246,166 

— 

131 

— 

— 

5,027 

2,101 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(148,643)   
  109,312  $ 1,685,496  $  757,921  $ 

— 

— 

(144,096) 
(1,264)    2,337,502 
246,166 

— 

(51,269)   

(51,269) 

— 

— 

5,027 

2,101 

— 

(148,643) 
(52,533)  $ 2,390,884 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Other amortization

Provision for credit losses

Loans originated, held for sale

Proceeds from sale of loans, held for sale

Gain on sale of real estate, held for sale

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Gain on sale of loans

Deferred income taxes

Share-based compensation expense

Allowance for equity funds used during construction

Other

Changes in assets and liabilities

Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, net

Decrease (increase) in fuel oil stock

Decrease (increase) in regulatory assets

Increase (decrease) in regulatory liabilities

Increase (decrease) in accounts, interest and dividends payable

Change in prepaid and accrued income taxes, tax credits and utility revenue taxes  
Decrease in defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans 
liability
Change in other assets and liabilities, net

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Available-for-sale investment securities purchased
Principal repayments on available-for-sale investment securities
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investment securities
Purchases of held-to-maturity investment securities
Proceeds from repayments or maturities of held-to-maturity investment securities
Purchase of stock from Federal Home Loan Bank
Redemption of stock from Federal Home Loan Bank
Net decrease (increase) in loans held for investment
Proceeds from sale of residential loans

Proceeds from sale of real estate held for sale

Capital expenditures
Proceeds from sale of low income housing investments
Contributions to low income housing investments
Other, net
Net cash used in investing activities

90

2021

2020

2019

$  248,056  $  199,714  $  219,772 

246,158 

238,114 

229,858 

32,544 

(25,825)   

52,664 

50,811 

48,255 

23,480 

(340,986)   

(564,525)   

(285,042) 

364,848 

567,652 

277,119 

— 

— 

(10,762) 

(528)   

(9,275)   

(653) 

(9,305)   

(23,734)   

(4,943) 

(5,398)   
9,135 

(1,706)   
5,810 

(15,085) 
9,986 

(9,534)   

(8,768)   

(11,987) 

(7,060)   

1,366 

18,568 

(73,811)   

2,533 

23,933 

(45,819)   

34,202 

(11,493) 

(13,874)   

1,007 

15,358 

9,925 

41,331 

71,262 

1,953 

(16,562)   

(20,068)   

(3,054) 

(35,610)   

(27,538) 

(6,660)   

(2,029)   

(4,482) 

(52,882)   

(42,189)   

(36,677) 

375,673 

429,407 

512,470 

 (1,464,644)   (1,361,594)   

583,238 
197,354 
(349,579)   
53,654 
(33,022)   
31,702 
72,489 

478,351 
169,157 
(146,738)   
59,894 
(27,350)   
27,104 
(229,311)   

59,844 

— 

— 

— 

(314,524)   

— 

(16,131)   

(383,895)   
6,725 
(9,403)   

(108,088) 
272,949 
19,810 
(13,057) 
15,505 
(95,636) 
97,160 
(300,210) 

— 

21,060 
(457,520) 
1 
(6,974) 

27 

3,412 

13,291 

 (1,179,592)   (1,413,648)   

(541,709) 

(continued)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Subsidiaries 

Years ended December 31

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase in deposit liabilities

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings with original maturities of three 

months or less

Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt

Repayment of short-term debt

Net increase (decrease) in other bank borrowings with original maturities of three 

months or less

Proceeds from issuance of other bank borrowings

Repayment of other bank borrowings

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

2021

2020

2019

785,255 

  1,115,055 

113,050 

(10,493)   

(71,219)   

— 

165,000 

86,718 

75,000 

(65,000)   

(150,000)   

(50,000) 

(1,365)   

(25,440)   

5,070 

— 

— 

30,000 

(30,000)   

— 

— 

285,886 

415,997 

289,349 

Repayment of long-term debt and funds transferred for repayment of long-term debt

(82,262)   

(178,969)   

(287,285) 

Withheld shares for employee taxes on vested share-based compensation

Common stock dividends

Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries

Other
Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, December 31

Less: Restricted cash

Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

(2,006)   

(5,700)   

(997) 

(148,643)   

(144,096)   

(139,463) 

(1,890)   

(1,890)   

(3,080)   

(3,203)   

756,402 

  1,115,535 

(47,517)   

131,294 

(1,890) 

(1,836) 

87,716 

58,477 

358,979 

311,462 

227,685 

358,979 

169,208 

227,685 

(5,911)   

(17,558)   

(30,872) 

$  305,551  $  341,421  $  196,813 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Income

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)
Revenues
Expenses
Fuel oil
Purchased power
Other operation and maintenance
Depreciation
Taxes, other than income taxes

Total expenses
Operating income
Allowance for equity funds used during construction
Retirement defined benefits credit (expense)—other than service costs
Interest expense and other charges, net
Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries
Net income attributable to Hawaiian Electric
Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric
Net income for common stock

2021

2020

2019

$  2,539,636  $  2,265,320  $  2,545,942 

644,349 
670,494 
475,412 
229,469 
240,354 
  2,260,078 
279,558 
9,534 
3,890 
(72,447)   
3,250 
223,785 
44,148 
179,637 
915 
178,722 
1,080 
177,642  $ 

515,274 
568,749 
474,192 
222,733 
215,822 
  1,996,770 
268,550 
8,768 
(763)   
(67,794)   
2,992 
211,753 
40,418 
171,335 
915 
170,420 
1,080 
169,340  $ 

720,709 
633,256 
481,737 
215,731 
240,131 
  2,291,564 
254,378 
11,987 
(2,836) 
(70,842) 
4,453 
197,140 
38,305 
158,835 
915 
157,920 
1,080 
156,840 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Years ended December 31 
(in thousands)
Net income for common stock
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

2021

2020

2019

$ 

177,642  $ 

169,340  $ 

156,840 

Retirement benefit plans:
Net gains (losses) arising during the period, net of taxes of $52,554, $(21,868) 

and $1,821 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit and net losses recognized 
during the period in net periodic benefit cost, net of taxes of $6,750, $7,474 
and $3,312 for 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively

Reclassification adjustment for impact of D&Os of the PUC included in 

regulatory assets, net of taxes of $(59,429), $13,825, and $(5,610) for 2021, 
2020 and 2019, respectively

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

151,523 

(63,050)   

5,249 

19,461 

21,550 

9,550 

(171,345)   

39,860 

(16,177) 

(361)   

(1,640)   

(1,378) 

Comprehensive income attributable to Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc.

$ 

177,281  $ 

167,700  $ 

155,462 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

92

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries
December 31
(in thousands)
Assets
Property, plant and equipment

Utility property, plant and equipment
Land
Plant and equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Construction in progress

Utility property, plant and equipment, net

Nonutility property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation of $59 and $115 as of December 
31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

Total property, plant and equipment, net

Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Customer accounts receivable, net
Accrued unbilled revenues, net
Other accounts receivable, net
Fuel oil stock, at average cost
Materials and supplies, at average cost
Prepayments and other
Regulatory assets

Total current assets
Other long-term assets
Operating lease right-of-use-assets
Regulatory assets
Other

Total other long-term assets

Total assets
Capitalization and liabilities
Capitalization (see Consolidated Statements of Capitalization)
Common stock equity
Cumulative preferred stock – not subject to mandatory redemption
Commitments and contingencies (Note 3)
Long-term debt, net
Long-term debt, net

Total capitalization
Total capitalization

Current liabilities
Current portion of operating lease liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt, net
Short-term borrowings from non-affiliate
Accounts payable
Interest and preferred dividends payable
Taxes accrued, including revenue taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Other

Total current liabilities

Deferred credits and other liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Deferred income taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Unamortized tax credits
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans liability
Other

Total deferred credits and other liabilities

Total capitalization and liabilities

 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

93

2021

2020

$ 

51,937  $ 

7,735,983 
(2,940,517) 
204,569 
5,051,972 

51,611 
7,509,343 
(2,819,079) 
188,342 
4,930,217 

6,949 
5,058,921 

6,953 
4,937,170 

52,169 
3,089 
186,859 
129,155 
7,267 
104,078 
71,877 
46,031 
66,664 
667,189 

47,360 
15,966 
147,832 
101,036 
7,673 
58,238 
67,344 
44,083 
30,435 
519,967 

101,470 
498,879 
165,166 
765,515 

127,654 
736,273 
136,309 
1,000,236 
$  6,491,625  $  6,457,373 

$  2,261,899  $  2,141,918 
34,293 

34,293 

1,624,427 
3,920,619 

1,561,302 
3,737,513 

49,368 
51,975 
— 
160,007 
17,325 
208,280 
29,760 
71,569 
588,284 

64,730 
— 
49,979 
133,849 
20,350 
192,524 
37,301 
74,262 
572,995 

65,780 
408,634 
967,008 
103,945 
321,780 
115,575 
1,982,722 

69,494 
397,798 
922,485 
111,915 
530,532 
114,641 
2,146,865 
$  6,491,625  $  6,457,373 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021

2020

$  118,376  $ 

115,515 

798,526 

746,987 

  1,348,277 

1,282,335 

(3,280) 

(2,919) 

  2,261,899 

2,141,918 

Shares 
outstanding 
December 31, 
2021 and 2020

2021

2020

150,000  $ 

3,000  $ 

50,000 

150,000 

250,000 

89,657 

250,000 

175,000 

70,000 

50,000 

1,000 

3,000 

5,000 

1,793 

5,000 

3,500 

7,000 

5,000 

3,000 

1,000 

3,000 

5,000 

1,793 

5,000 

3,500 

7,000 

5,000 

1,234,657 

34,293 

34,293 

(continued)

Consolidated Statements of Capitalization

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

December 31
(dollars in thousands, except par value)

Common stock equity

Common stock of $6 2/3 par value

Authorized: 50,000,000 shares. Outstanding: 17,753,533 shares and 

17,324,376 shares at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

Premium on capital stock

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits-retirement benefit plans

Common stock equity

Cumulative preferred stock not subject to mandatory redemption

Authorized: 5,000,000 shares of $20 par value and 7,000,000 shares of $100 par value.

Series

Par Value

(dollars in thousands, except par value and shares outstanding)
C-4.25%

(Hawaiian Electric)

20 

$ 

D-5.00%

E-5.00%

H-5.25%

I-5.00%

J-4.75%

K-4.65%

G-7.625%

H-7.625%

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

20 

(Hawaiian Electric)

(Hawaiian Electric)

(Hawaiian Electric)

(Hawaiian Electric)

(Hawaiian Electric)

(Hawaiian Electric)

100 

(Hawaii Electric Light)

100 

(Maui Electric)

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Capitalization (continued)

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

December 31 
(in thousands)
Long-term debt
Obligations to the State of Hawaii for the repayment of Special Purpose Revenue Bonds (subsidiary 
obligations unconditionally guaranteed by Hawaiian Electric):

3.50%, Series 2019, due 2049

3.20%, Refunding series 2019, due 2039

3.10%, Refunding series 2017A, due 2026

4.00%, Refunding series 2017B, due 2037

3.25%, Refunding series 2015, due 2025

Total obligations to the State of Hawaii

Other long-term debt – unsecured:

Taxable senior notes:

3.51%, Series 2020C and 2020E, due 2050
3.28%, Series 2020B and 2020D, due 2040
3.96%, Series 2020A, 2020B and 2020C, due 2050
3.31%, Series 2020A and 2020B, due 2030
4.21%, Series 2019A, due 2034
4.38%, Series 2018A, due 2028
4.53%, Series 2018B, due 2033
4.72%, Series 2018C, due 2048
4.31%, Series 2017A, due 2047
4.54%, Series 2016A, due 2046
5.23%, Series 2015A, due 2045
4.45%, Series 2013A and 2013B, due 2022
4.84%, Series 2013A, 2013B and 2013C, due 2027
5.65%, Series 2013B and 2013C, due 2043
4.55%, Series 2012B and 2012C, due 2023
4.72%, Series 2012D, due 2029
5.39%, Series 2012E, due 2042
4.53%, Series 2012F, due 2032
Total taxable senior notes

Total long-term debt

Less unamortized debt issuance costs

Less current portion long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs

Long-term debt, net

Total capitalization

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2021

2020

$ 

80,000  $ 

80,000 

150,000 

125,000 

140,000 

47,000 

150,000 

125,000 

140,000 

47,000 

$ 

542,000  $ 

542,000 

$ 

70,000  $ 
45,000 
50,000 
110,000 
50,000 
67,500 
17,500 
15,000 
50,000 
40,000 
80,000 
52,000 
100,000 
70,000 
100,000 
35,000 
150,000 
40,000 

— 

— 
50,000 
110,000 
50,000 
67,500 
17,500 
15,000 
50,000 
40,000 
80,000 
52,000 
100,000 
70,000 
100,000 
35,000 
150,000 
40,000 

1,142,000 

1,684,000 

7,598 

51,975 

1,027,000 

1,569,000 

7,698 

— 

1,624,427 

1,561,302 

$  3,920,619  $  3,737,513 

95

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stock Equity

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Balance, December 31, 2019

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Balance, December 31, 2020

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Balance, December 31, 2021

Common stock

Shares

Amount

Premium
on
capital
stock

Retained
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)

Total

16,751  $  111,696  $  681,305  $ 1,164,541  $ 

99  $ 

1,957,641 

156,840 

— 

156,840 

— 

— 

297 

— 

— 

— 

1,982 

— 

— 

— 

276 

— 

— 

— 

1,837 

— 

— 

— 

33,519 

— 

— 

32,163 

— 

(101,252) 

17,048 

  113,678 

714,824 

  1,220,129 

(1,279) 

2,047,352 

169,340 

— 

169,340 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,378) 

— 

— 

(1,378) 

35,501 

(101,252) 

(1,640) 

— 

— 

(1,640) 

34,000 

(107,134) 

— 

(107,134) 

17,324 

  115,515 

746,987 

  1,282,335 

(2,919) 

2,141,918 

— 

— 

429 

— 

— 

— 

2,861 

— 

— 

— 

51,539 

177,642 

— 

— 

— 

(111,700) 

— 

(361) 

— 

— 

177,642 

(361) 

54,400 

(111,700) 

17,753  $  118,376  $  798,526  $ 1,348,277  $ 

(3,280)  $ 

2,261,899 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

2021

2020

2019

Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

$ 

179,637  $ 

171,335  $ 

158,835 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Other amortization
Deferred income taxes
State refundable credit
Bad debt expense
Allowance for equity funds used during construction
Bill credits
Accrued environmental reserve
Other
Changes in assets and liabilities

Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable
Decrease (increase) in accrued unbilled revenues
Decrease (increase) in fuel oil stock
Increase in materials and supplies

Decrease (increase) in regulatory assets
Increase (decrease) in regulatory liabilities
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable
Change in prepaid and accrued income taxes, tax credits and revenue taxes
Decrease in defined benefit pension and other postretirement
benefit plans liability

Change in other assets and liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities
Capital expenditures
Other
Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities
Common stock dividends
Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
Repayment of long-term debt and funds transferred for repayment of long-term debt
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings from non-affiliates and affiliate with 
original maturities of three months or less

Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt
Repayment of short-term debt
Other
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, December 31
Less: Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

229,469 
21,737 
(3,829) 
(10,582) 
2,183 
(9,534) 
2,000 
— 
1,350 

(50,090) 
(27,464) 
(45,840) 

(4,533) 
(13,874) 
15,358 
17,671 
26,930 

(5,154) 
(52,302) 
273,133 

(292,000) 
6,035 
(285,965) 

(111,700) 
(1,995) 
54,400 
115,000 
— 

222,733 
33,746 
3,151 
(9,961) 
2,115 
(8,768) 
— 
6,556 
2,610 

(7,286) 
15,285 
33,699 

(6,642) 
1,007 
(16,562) 
(33,129) 
(37,180) 

(4,306) 
(31,852) 
336,551 

(350,864) 
6,070 
(344,794) 

(107,134) 
(1,995) 
34,000 
255,000 
(109,000) 

— 
— 
(50,000) 
(941) 
4,764 
(8,068) 
63,326 
55,258 
(3,089) 
52,169  $ 

(38,987) 
100,000 
(100,000) 
(2,209) 
29,675 
21,432 
41,894 
63,326 
(15,966) 
47,360  $ 

$ 

215,731 
29,631 
(16,284) 
(8,369) 
2,150 
(11,987) 
— 
406 
27,459 

18,822 
4,495 
(12,002) 

(5,498) 
71,262 
1,953 
(2,051) 
(28,523) 

(4,448) 
(17,626) 
423,956 

(419,898) 
11,374 
(408,524) 

(101,252) 
(1,995) 
35,500 
280,000 
(283,546) 

38,987 
75,000 
(50,000) 
(2,109) 
(9,415) 
6,017 
35,877 
41,894 
(30,872) 
11,022 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 · Summary of significant accounting policies

General

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. (HEI) is a holding company with direct and indirect subsidiaries principally engaged in 

electric utility, banking, and non-regulated renewable/sustainable infrastructure businesses operating in the State of Hawaii. 
HEI owns Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. (Hawaiian Electric), ASB Hawaii, Inc. (ASB Hawaii), an intermediate holding 
company that owns American Savings Bank, F.S.B. (ASB), and Pacific Current, LLC (Pacific Current). 

Hawaiian Electric and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light Company, Inc. (Hawaii Electric 
Light) and Maui Electric Company, Limited (Maui Electric), are regulated public electric utilities (collectively, the Utilities) in 
the business of generating, purchasing, transmitting, distributing and selling electric energy on all major islands in Hawaii other 
than Kauai. See Note 2.

ASB is a federally chartered, full-service community bank providing a wide range of banking services to individual and 

business customers through its 42 branches on Oahu (29), Maui (6), Hawaii (4), Kauai (2) and Molokai (1).

Pacific Current’s significant subsidiaries include Hamakua Energy, LLC (Hamakua Energy), Mauo, LLC (Mauo) and 
Ka‘ie‘ie Waho Company, LLC (Ka‘ie‘ie Waho). Hamakua Energy, owns and operates a 60-megawatt (MW) combined-cycle 
power plant, which sells the power it produces only to Hawaii Electric Light. Mauo is a commercial-scale, solar-plus-storage 
project (8.6 MW of solar and 42.3 MW of storage) currently under construction on the islands of Oahu and Maui. Ka‘ie‘ie 
Waho owns and operates a 6-MW photovoltaic project, which sells all power produced to Kauai Island Utility Cooperative. 

Basis of presentation.  In preparing the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally 
accepted in the United States of America (GAAP), management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of 
revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change for HEI and its subsidiaries (collectively, the 
Company) include the amounts reported as fair value for investment securities (ASB only); pension and other postretirement 
benefit obligations; contingencies and litigation; income taxes; regulatory assets and liabilities (Utilities only); electric utility 
unbilled revenues (Utilities only); asset retirement obligations (Utilities only); and allowance for credit losses (ASB only).

Consolidation.  The HEI consolidated financial statements include the accounts of HEI and its subsidiaries. The Hawaiian 
Electric consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries. When HEI or 
Hawaiian Electric has a controlling financial interest in another entity (usually, majority voting interest), that entity is 
consolidated. Investments in companies over which the Company or the Utilities have the ability to exercise significant 
influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method. The consolidated financial statements exclude variable 
interest entities (VIEs) when the Company or the Utilities are not the primary beneficiaries. Significant intercompany amounts 
are eliminated in consolidation (see Note 2 for limited exceptions). 

Cash and cash equivalents.  The Utilities consider cash on hand, deposits in banks, money market accounts, certificates of 
deposit, short-term commercial paper of non-affiliates and liquid investments (with original maturities of three months or less) 
to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company considers the same items to be cash and cash equivalents as well as ASB’s 
deposits with the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB), federal funds sold (excess funds that ASB loans to other banks overnight 
at the federal funds rate) and securities purchased under resale agreements with original maturities of three months or less. 
Additionally, ASB is required by the Federal Reserve System to maintain noninterest-bearing cash reserves equal to a 
percentage of certain deposits. The reserve requirement for ASB at December 31, 2021 and 2020 was nil. In March 2020, the 
Federal Reserve Board reduced the reserve requirement to nil to support the depository institutions during the COVID-19 
pandemic and effective March 2021, the change was made permanent.

Restricted cash.  The Utilities consider funds on deposit with trustees, which represent the undrawn proceeds from the issuance 
of special purpose revenue bonds, to be restricted cash because these funds are available only to finance (or reimburse payment 
of) approved capital expenditures. In addition to the Utilities’ funds on deposit with trustees, the Company considers cash held 
by trustees related to non-recourse loans at Pacific Current subsidiaries to be restricted cash. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, 
total restricted cash of the Company was $5.9 million and $17.6 million, respectively, and for the Utilities was $3.1 million and 
$16.0 million, respectively.

98

Property, plant and equipment.  Property, plant and equipment are reported at cost. Self-constructed electric utility plant 
includes engineering, supervision, administrative and general costs and an allowance for the cost of funds used during the 
construction period. These costs are recorded in construction in progress and are transferred to utility plant when construction is 
completed and the facilities are either placed in service or become useful for public utility purposes. Costs for betterments that 
make utility plant more useful, more efficient, of greater durability or of greater capacity are also capitalized. Upon the 
retirement or sale of electric utility plant, generally no gain or loss is recognized. The cost of the plant retired is charged to 
accumulated depreciation. Amounts collected from customers for cost of removal are included in regulatory liabilities. See 
discussion regarding “Utility projects” in Note 3.

Depreciation.  Depreciation is computed primarily using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets being 
depreciated. Electric utility plant additions in the current year are depreciated beginning January 1 of the following year in 
accordance with rate-making. Electric utility plant has lives ranging from 16 to 51 years for production plant, from 10 to 79 
years for transmission and distribution plant, and from 5 to 50 years for general plant. The Utilities’ composite annual 
depreciation rate, which includes a component for cost of removal, was 3.2% in 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Retirement benefits.  Pension and other postretirement benefit costs are charged primarily to expense and electric utility plant 
(in the case of the Utilities). Funding for the Company’s qualified pension plans (Plans) is based on actuarial assumptions 
adopted by the Pension Investment Committee administering the Plans. The participating employers contribute amounts to  
pension trusts for the Plans in accordance with the funding requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 
1974, as amended (ERISA), including changes promulgated by the Pension Protection Act of 2006, and considering the 
deductibility of contributions under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company generally funds at least the net periodic pension 
cost during the year, subject to ERISA minimum and Internal Revenue Code limits and targeted funded status.

Certain health care and/or life insurance benefits are provided to eligible retired employees and the employees’ 

beneficiaries and covered dependents. The Company generally funds the net periodic postretirement benefit costs other than 
pensions (except for executive life) for postretirement benefits other than pensions (OPEB), while maximizing the use of the 
most tax-advantaged funding vehicles, subject to cash flow requirements and reviews of the funded status with the consulting 
actuary.

Environmental expenditures.  The Company and the Utilities are subject to numerous federal and state environmental statutes 
and regulations. In general, environmental contamination treatment costs are charged to expense. Environmental costs are 
capitalized if the costs extend the life, increase the capacity, or improve the safety or efficiency of property; the costs mitigate 
or prevent future environmental contamination; or the costs are incurred in preparing the property for sale. Environmental costs 
are either capitalized or charged to expense when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and the cost 
can be reasonably estimated. The Utilities review their sites and measure the liability quarterly by assessing a range of 
reasonably likely costs of each identified site using currently available information, including existing technology, presently 
enacted laws and regulations, experience gained at similar sites, and the probable level of involvement and financial condition 
of other potentially responsible parties.

Income taxes.  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the financial 
reporting bases and the tax bases of the Company’s and the Utilities’ assets and liabilities at federal and state tax rates expected 
to be in effect when such deferred tax assets or liabilities are realized or settled. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is 
dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become 
deductible. Valuation allowances are established when necessary to reduce deferred income tax assets to the amount expected 
to be realized.

HEI and the Utilities’ investment tax credits are deferred and amortized over the estimated useful lives of the properties to 

which the credits relate (and for the Utilities, this treatment is in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 
Topic 980, “Regulated Operations”).

The Utilities are included in the consolidated income tax returns of HEI. However, income tax expense has been computed 

for financial statement purposes as if each utility filed a separate income tax return and Hawaiian Electric filed a consolidated 
Hawaiian Electric income tax return.

Governmental tax authorities could challenge a tax return position taken by the Company. The Company and the Utilities 

use a “more-likely-than-not” recognition threshold and measurement standard for the financial statement recognition and 
measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.

Fair value measurements.  Fair value estimates are estimates of the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid upon 
the transfer of a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value 

99

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

estimates are generally determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and 
are based on market data obtained from independent sources. However, in certain cases, the Company and the Utilities use their 
own assumptions about market participant assumptions based on the best information available in the circumstances. These 
valuations are estimates at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information, information about the financial 
instrument and judgments regarding future expected loss experience, economic conditions, risk characteristics of various 
financial instruments and other factors. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result if the Company 
or the Utilities were to sell its entire holdings of a particular financial instrument at one time. Because no active trading market 
exists for a portion of the Company’s and the Utilities’ financial instruments, fair value estimates cannot be determined with 
precision. Changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could 
significantly affect the estimates. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses 
could have a significant effect on fair value estimates, but have not been considered in making such estimates.

The Company and the Utilities group their financial assets measured at fair value in three levels outlined as follows:

Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices, unadjusted, for identical assets or liabilities in active 
markets. A quoted price in an active market provides the most reliable evidence of fair value and is used to 
measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs 
to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are 
not active; or inputs to the valuation methodology that are derived principally from or can be corroborated by 
observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Level 3 

assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using discounted cash flow 
methodologies, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management 
judgment or estimation.

Classification in the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the 

asset or liability. For instruments classified in Level 1 and 2 where inputs are primarily based upon observable market data, 
there is less judgment applied in arriving at the fair value. For instruments classified in Level 3, management judgment is more 
significant due to the lack of observable market data. 

The Company reviews and updates the fair value hierarchy classifications on a quarterly basis. Changes from one quarter to 

the next related to the observability of inputs in fair value measurements may result in a reclassification between the fair value 
hierarchy levels and are recognized based on period-end balances.

Fair value is also used on a nonrecurring basis to evaluate certain assets for impairment or for disclosure purposes. 

Examples of nonrecurring uses of fair value include mortgage servicing rights accounted for by the amortization method, loan 
impairments for certain loans, real estate acquired in settlement of loans, goodwill and asset retirement obligations (AROs).

Earnings per share (HEI only).  Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income for common stock by the 
weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS is computed similarly, except that dilutive 
common shares for stock compensation is added to the denominator. There were no shares of antidilutive securities outstanding 
during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Impairment of long-lived assets and long-lived assets to be disposed of.  The Company and the Utilities review long-lived 
assets and certain identifiable intangibles for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison 
of the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are 
considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the 
assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair 
value, less costs to sell.

Recent accounting pronouncements.

Income Taxes.  In December 2019, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update 

(ASU) No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes,” which removes specific 
exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740, improves financial statement preparers’ application of income tax-related 
guidance and simplifies GAAP under certain situations. ASU No. 2019-12 is effective for public business entities for fiscal 

100

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted the ASU as of 
January 1, 2021 with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. 

Leases.  On July 19, 2021 FASB issued ASU No. 2021-05, “Leases (Topic 842): Lessors–Certain Leases with Variable 
Lease Payments.”  The ASU allows lessors to treat sales-type leases with variable payments to be classified as operating leases 
if the sales-type lease treatment under Topic 842 would result in a selling loss at lease commencement (day-one loss). The 
Company early adopted ASU No. 2021-05 as of September 30, 2021 retrospectively to leases that commenced on or after the 
adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” The adoption of ASU No. 2021-05 did not have a material impact on the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Financial  Disclosures.  In  August  2021,  the  FASB  issued  ASU  2021-06,  “Presentation  of  Financial  Statements  (Topic 
205),  Financial  Services-Depository  and  Lending  (Topic  942),  and  Financial  Services-Investment  Companies  (Topic  946): 
Amendments  to  SEC  Paragraphs  Pursuant  to  SEC  Final  Rule  Releases  No.  33-10786,  Amendments  to  Financial  Disclosures 
about Acquired and Disposed Businesses, and No. 33- 10835, Update of Statistical Disclosures for Bank and Savings and Loan 
Registrants.” This ASU incorporates recent SEC rule changes into the FASB Codification, including SEC Final Rule Releases 
No. 33-10786, “Amendments to Financial Disclosures about Acquired and Disposed Businesses”, and No. 33-10835, “Update 
of  Statistical  Disclosures  for  Bank  and  Savings  and  Loan  Registrants.”  The  amendments  in  this  update  are  effective  upon 
addition  to  the  FASB  Codification  and  the  Company  determined  that  this  guidance  does  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the 
Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Electric utility

Regulation by the Public Utilities Commission of the State of Hawaii (PUC).  The Utilities are regulated by the PUC and 
account for the effects of regulation under FASB ASC Topic 980, “Regulated Operations.” As a result, the Utilities’ financial 
statements reflect assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses based on current cost-based rate-making regulations (see Note 3
—“Regulatory assets and liabilities”). Their continued accounting under ASC Topic 980 generally requires that rates are 
established by an independent, third-party regulator; rates are designed to recover the costs of providing service; and it is 
reasonable to assume that rates can be charged to, and collected from, customers. Management believes that the operations of 
the Utilities, including the impact of the newly approved PBR Framework, currently satisfy the criteria under ASC Topic 980.

The rate schedules of the Utilities include energy costs recovery clauses (ECRCs) under which electric rates are adjusted 

for changes in the weighted-average price paid for fuel oil and certain components of purchased power, and the relative 
amounts of company-generated power and purchased power. The rate schedules also include purchased power adjustment 
clauses (PPACs) under which the remaining purchase power expenses are recovered through surcharge mechanisms. The 
amounts collected through the ECRCs and PPACs are required to be reconciled quarterly.

Accounts receivable.  Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount. The Utilities generally assess a late payment 
charge on balances unpaid from the previous month. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Utilities’ best estimate of the 
amount of expected credit losses in the Utilities’ existing accounts receivable. Due to the economic impact of COVID-19 on 
customers and the moratorium on electric service disconnections through May 31, 2021, the allowance for doubtful accounts 
increased in 2020 and 2021. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the allowance for customer accounts receivable, accrued unbilled 
revenues and other accounts receivable was $26.1 million and $17.8 million, respectively.

Electric utility revenues.  Revenues related to electric service are generally recorded when service is rendered and include 
revenues applicable to energy consumed in the accounting period but not yet billed to the customers. The Utilities also record 
revenue under a decoupling mechanism. See “Decoupling” discussion in Note 3.

Repairs and maintenance costs.  Repairs and maintenance costs for overhauls of generating units are generally expensed as 
they are incurred.

Allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC).  AFUDC represents the estimated costs of debt (i.e., interest) and 
equity funds used to finance plant construction. AFUDC is credited on the statement of income and charged to construction in 
progress on the balance sheet. If a project under construction is delayed for an extended period of time, AFUDC on the delayed 
project may be stopped after assessing the causes of the delay and probability of recovery. The tax gross up of the allowance for 
equity funds used during construction is credited to income taxes on the statement of income and charged to a regulatory asset. 
This gross up, net of amortization of the regulatory asset, is reflected in income tax expense. 

The weighted-average AFUDC rate was 7.1% in 2021, 7.1% in 2020 and 7.4% in 2019, and reflected quarterly 

compounding.

101

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Asset retirement obligations.  AROs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 410-20, Asset Retirement Obligations. AROs 
are recognized at present value of expected costs to retire long-lived assets from service, provided a legal obligation exists and a 
reasonable estimate of the fair value and the settlement date can be made. In the subsequent period, the liability is accreted to its 
future value while the asset retirement cost is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. The Utilities’ 
recognition of AROs have no impact on earnings, as the cost of the AROs are recovered over the life of the asset through 
depreciation. AROs recognized by the Utilities relate to legal obligations with the retirement of plant and equipment, including 
removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials. See “Asset retirement obligations” in Note 3.

Bank (HEI only)

Investment securities.  Investments in debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity (HTM), trading or available-for-sale 
(AFS). ASB determines the appropriate classification at the time of purchase. Debt securities that ASB intends to and has the 
ability to hold to maturity are classified as HTM securities and reported at amortized cost. Marketable debt securities that are 
bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and reported at 
fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Marketable debt securities not classified as either HTM or 
trading securities are classified as AFS and reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses for AFS securities are excluded 
from earnings and reported on a net basis in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) until realized. 

Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis. Discounts and premiums on securities are accreted or amortized into 
interest income using the interest method over the remaining contractual lives of the agency obligation securities and the 
estimated lives of the mortgage-backed securities adjusted for anticipated prepayments. ASB uses actual prepayment experience 
and estimates of future prepayments to determine the constant effective yield necessary to apply the interest method of income 
recognition. The discounts and premiums on the agency obligations portfolio are accreted or amortized on a prospective basis 
using expected contractual cash flows. The discounts and premiums on the mortgage-backed securities portfolio are accreted or 
amortized on a retrospective basis using changes in anticipated prepayments. This method requires a retrospective adjustment of 
the effective yield each time ASB changes the estimated life as if the new estimate had been known since the original 
acquisition date of the securities. Estimates of future prepayments are based on the underlying collateral characteristics and 
historic or projected prepayment behavior of each security. The specific identification method is used in determining realized 
gains and losses on the sales of securities.

AFS debt securities with unrealized losses are reviewed quarterly. ASB will first assess whether it intends to sell, or it is 
more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If either criteria is 
met, the security’s amortized cost basis is written down to fair value through income. For AFS securities that do not meet the 
aforementioned criteria, ASB evaluates whether the decline in fair value is the result of a credit loss or other factors. The 
determination of whether or not a credit loss exists is based on consideration of the cash flows expected to be collected from the 
debt security. ASB develops these expectations after considering various factors such as agency ratings, the financial condition 
of the issuer, payment history, payment structure of the security, industry and market conditions, underlying collateral and other 
factors which may be relevant based on the facts and circumstances pertaining to individual securities. If this assessment 
indicates that a credit loss exists, the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security are compared to the 
amortized cost basis of the security. If the present value of cash flows expected to be collected is less than the amortized cost 
basis, a credit loss exists and an allowance for credit losses is recorded for the credit loss, limited by the amount that the fair 
value is less than the amortized cost basis. Any impairment that has not been recorded through an allowance for credit losses is 
recognized in other comprehensive income. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are recorded as a provision for (or 
reversal of) credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of an AFS 
security is confirmed or when either of the criteria regarding intent or requirement to sell is met. As of December 31, 2021, 
2020 and 2019, there was no indicated impairment as ASB expects to collect the contractual cash flows for these investments.

Held-to-maturity debt securities are assessed periodically to determine if a valuation allowance is necessary to absorb credit 

losses expected to occur over the remaining contractual life of the securities. The carrying amount of held-to-maturity debt 
securities is presented net of the valuation allowance for credit losses when such an allowance is deemed necessary.

Stock in FHLB is carried at cost and is reviewed at least quarterly for impairment, with valuation adjustments recognized in 

noninterest income.

Loans.  ASB carries loans at amortized cost less the allowance for credit losses, loan origination fees (net of direct loan 
origination costs), commitment fees and purchase premiums and discounts. Interest on loans is credited to income as it is 
earned. Discounts and premiums are accreted or amortized over the life of the loans using the interest method.

Loan origination fees (net of direct loan origination costs) are deferred and recognized as an adjustment in yield over 
periods not exceeding the contractual life of the loan using the interest method or taken into income when the loan is paid off or 

102

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

sold. Nonrefundable commitment fees (net of direct loan origination costs, if applicable) received for commitments to originate 
or purchase loans are deferred and, if the commitment is exercised, recognized as an adjustment of yield over the life of the loan 
using the interest method. Nonrefundable commitment fees received for which the commitment expires unexercised are 
recognized as income upon expiration of the commitment.

Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an aggregate basis. Premiums, discounts and 

net deferred loan fees are not amortized while a loan is classified as held for sale. A sale is recognized only when the 
consideration received is other than beneficial interests in the assets sold and control over the assets is transferred irrevocably to 
the buyer. Gains or losses on sales of loans are recognized at the time of sale and are determined by the difference between the 
net sales proceeds and the allocated basis of the loans sold.

Allowance for credit losses.  The allowance for credit losses (ACL) represents management’s estimate of expected credit 
losses over the expected contractual life of the related loans as of the balance sheet date. Contractual terms are adjusted for 
expected prepayments but are not extended for expected extensions, renewals or modifications except in circumstances where 
ASB reasonably expects to execute a troubled debt restructuring with the borrower or where certain extension or renewal 
options are embedded in the original contract and not unconditionally cancellable by the Bank.

Accrued interest receivables on loans are presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements as a component of other 
assets. When accrued interest is deemed to be uncollectible (typically when a loan is placed on nonaccrual status), interest 
income is reversed against interest income on loans. ASB follows established policies for placing loans on nonaccrual status, so 
uncollectible accrued interest receivable is reversed in a timely manner. As a result, the Bank has elected not to measure an 
allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables.

Credit losses are charged and recoveries are credited to the ACL. The ACL is maintained at a level the Bank considers to 

be adequate and is based on ongoing assessments and evaluations of the collectability of loans. The Bank’s expected credit loss 
models consider historical credit loss experience, current market and economic conditions, and forecasted changes in market 
and economic conditions if such forecasts are considered reasonable and supportable. Generally, the Bank considers its 
forecasts to be reasonable and supportable for a period of up to a year from the estimation date. For periods beyond the 
reasonable and supportable forecast period, expected credit losses are estimated by reverting to historical loss information 
without adjustment for changes in economic conditions.  The Bank evaluates the length of its reasonable and supportable 
forecast period, its reversion period and reversion methodology at least annually, or more often if warranted by economic 
conditions or other circumstances.

The Bank’s methodology for determining the ACL includes an estimate of expected credit losses on a collective basis for 

groups of loans with similar risk characteristics and specific allowances for loans which are individually evaluated.

ASB disaggregates its portfolio loans into portfolio segments for purposes of determining the allowance for credit losses. 

Commercial, commercial real estate, and commercial construction loans are defined as non-homogeneous loans and ASB 
utilizes a risk rating system for evaluating the credit quality of the loans. Non-homogeneous loans are also categorized into the 
regulatory asset quality classifications—Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss based on credit quality. ASB 
utilizes a numerical-based, risk rating “PD Model” that takes into consideration fiscal year-end financial information of the 
borrower and identified financial attributes including retained earnings, operating cash flows, interest coverage, liquidity and 
leverage that demonstrate a strong correlation with default to assign default probabilities at the borrower level. In addition, a 
loss given default (LGD) value is assigned to each loan to measure loss in the event of default based on loan specific features 
such as collateral that mitigates the amount of loss in the event of default.

Residential, consumer and credit scored business loans are considered homogeneous loans, which are typically 

underwritten based on common, uniform standards. For the homogeneous portfolio, the quality of the loan is best indicated by 
the repayment performance of an individual borrower. ASB supplements performance data with external credit bureau data and 
credit scores such as the Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score on a quarterly basis. ASB has built portfolio loss models for each 
major segment based on the combination of internal and external data to predict the probability of default at the loan level.

The Bank also considers qualitative factors in determining the ACL. Qualitative factors are used to capture characteristics 
in the portfolio that impact expected credit losses but that are not fully captured within the Bank’s expected credit loss models. 
These include but are not limited to adjustments for changes in policies or procedures in underwriting, monitoring or 
collections, economic conditions, portfolio mix, lending and risk management personnel, results of internal audit and quality 
control reviews, collateral values and any concentrations of credit.

The reserve for unfunded commitments is maintained at a level believed by management to cover expected losses related to 

unfunded credit facilities and is included in accounts payable and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The 

103

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

determination of the adequacy of the reserve is based upon an evaluation of the unfunded credit facilities, including an 
assessment of historical commitment utilization experience, credit risk grading and historical loss rates. This process takes into 
consideration the same risk elements that are analyzed in the determination of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, 
as discussed above. Net adjustments to the reserve for unfunded commitments are included in the provision for credit losses in 
the consolidated statements of income.

The allowance for credit losses is based on currently available information and historical experience, and future 

adjustments may be required from time to time to the allowance for credit losses based on new information and changes that 
occur (e.g., due to changes in economic conditions, particularly in Hawaii). Actual losses could differ from management’s 
estimates, and these differences and subsequent adjustments could be material.

Nonperforming loans.  Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when contractually past due 90 days or more, or 
earlier if the probability of collection is insufficient to warrant further accrual. All interest that is accrued but not collected is 
reversed. A loan may be returned to accrual status if (i) principal and interest payments have been brought current and 
repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected to be made, (ii) the loan has otherwise become well-
secured and in the process of collection, or (iii) the borrower has been making regularly scheduled payments in full for the prior 
six months and it is reasonably assured that the loan will be brought fully current within a reasonable period. Cash receipts on 
nonaccruing loans are generally applied to reduce the unpaid principal balance.

Loans considered to be uncollectible are charged-off against the allowance for credit losses. The amount and timing of 

charge-offs on loans includes consideration of the loan type, length of delinquency, insufficiency of collateral value, lien 
priority and the overall financial condition of the borrower. Recoveries on loans previously charged-off are credited back to the 
allowance for credit losses. Loans that have been charged-off against the allowance for credit losses are periodically monitored 
to evaluate whether further adjustments to the allowance are necessary.

Loans in the commercial and commercial real estate portfolio are charged-off when the loan is risk rated “Doubtful” or 

“Loss.” The loan or a portion thereof is determined to be uncollectible after considering the borrower’s overall financial 
condition and collateral deficiency. A commercial or commercial real estate loan is considered uncollectible when: (a) the 
borrower is delinquent in principal or interest 90 days or more; (b) significant improvement in the borrower’s repayment 
capacity is doubtful; and/or (c) collateral value is insufficient to cover outstanding indebtedness and no other viable assets or 
repayment sources exist.

Loans in the residential mortgage and home equity portfolios are charged-off when the loan or a portion thereof is 

determined to be uncollectible after considering the borrower’s overall financial condition and collateral deficiency. Such loan 
is considered uncollectible when: (a) the borrower is delinquent in principal or interest 180 days or more; (b) it is probable that 
collateral value is insufficient to cover outstanding indebtedness and no other viable assets or repayment sources exist; (c) 
notification of the borrower’s bankruptcy is received or the borrower’s debt is discharged in bankruptcy and the loan is not 
reaffirmed; or (d) in cases where ASB is in a subordinate position to other debt, the senior lien holder has foreclosed and ASB’s 
junior lien is extinguished.

Other consumer loans are generally charged-off when the balance becomes 120 days delinquent.

Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring.  Loans are considered to have been modified in a troubled debt 
restructuring (TDR) when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, ASB makes concessions to the borrower that it would not 
otherwise consider for a non-troubled borrower. Modifications may include interest rate reductions, interest only payments for 
an extended period of time, protracted terms such as amortization and maturity beyond the customary length of time found in 
the normal market place, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to provide alternatives to foreclosure or 
repossession of collateral. Generally, a nonaccrual loan that has been modified in a TDR remains on nonaccrual status until the 
borrower has demonstrated sustained repayment performance for a period of six consecutive months. However, performance 
prior to the modification, or significant events that coincide with the modification, are included in assessing whether the 
borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of loan modification or 
after a shorter performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, or there is 
reasonable doubt over the full collectability of principal and interest, the loan remains on nonaccrual status.

Real estate acquired in settlement of loans.  ASB records real estate acquired in settlement of loans at fair value, less 
estimated selling expenses. ASB obtains appraisals based on recent comparable sales to assist management in estimating the 
fair value of real estate acquired in settlement of loans. Subsequent declines in value are charged to expense through a valuation 
allowance. Costs related to holding real estate are charged to operations as incurred. 

104

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Goodwill.  Goodwill is initially recorded as the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in a 
business combination and is subsequently evaluated at least annually for impairment during the fourth quarter. At December 31, 
2021 and 2020, the amount of goodwill was $82.2 million. The goodwill relates to ASB and is the Company’s only intangible 
asset with an indefinite useful life.

To determine if there was an impairment to the book value of goodwill pertaining to ASB, the fair value of ASB was 
estimated using a valuation method based on the market and income approaches. The market approach considers publicly 
traded financial institutions and measures the institutions’ market values as a multiple to (1) net income and (2) tangible book 
equity. The market approach also looks at sale transactions to determine the fair value under this approach. The income 
approach uses a discounted cash flow method to value a company on a going concern basis and is based on the concept that the 
future benefits derived from a particular company can be measured by its sustainable after-tax cash flows in the future. ASB 
used its forecasted net income and estimated cost savings if the Bank were acquired and applied a discount rate to calculate its 
discounted cash flows. A capitalization of earnings method was used to calculate a terminal value for the discounted cash flow 
method. The income approach was weighted 75%, the publicly traded company valuation method was weighted 20% and the 
sale transaction valuation method was weighted 5%. More weight was given to the income approach as this approach uses the 
projected performance of ASB in the stressed environment and would be more indicative of the current fair value of the Bank.  
For the three years ended December 31, 2021, there has been no impairment of goodwill.

Mortgage banking.  Mortgage loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or estimated fair value on an aggregate basis. 
Premiums, discounts and net deferred loan fees are not amortized while a loan is classified as held-for-sale. A sale is recognized 
only when the consideration received is other than beneficial interests in the assets sold and control over the assets is transferred 
irrevocably to the buyer. Gains or losses on sales of loans are recognized at the time of sale and are determined by the 
difference between the net sales proceeds and the allocated basis of the loans sold. ASB is obligated to subsequently repurchase 
a loan if the purchaser discovers a standard representation or warranty violation such as noncompliance with eligibility 
requirements, customer fraud or servicing violations. This primarily occurs during a loan file review. ASB considers and 
records a reserve for loan repurchases if appropriate.

ASB recognizes a mortgage servicing asset when a mortgage loan is sold with servicing rights retained. This mortgage 
servicing right (MSR) is initially capitalized at its presumed fair value based on market data at the time of sale and accounted 
for in subsequent periods at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Mortgage servicing assets or liabilities are included as a 
component of gain on sale of loans. Under ASC Topic 860, “Transfers and Servicing,” ASB amortizes the MSRs in proportion 
to and over the period of estimated net servicing income and assess for impairment at each reporting date. 

ASB’s MSRs are stratified based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans including loan type such as 
fixed-rate 15- and 30-year mortgages and note rate in bands primarily of 50 to 100 basis points. For each stratum, fair value is 
calculated by discounting expected net income streams using discount rates that reflect industry pricing for similar assets. 
Expected net income streams are estimated based on industry assumptions regarding prepayment expectations and income and 
expenses associated with servicing residential mortgage loans for others.

ASB uses a present value cash flow model using techniques described above to estimate the fair value of MSRs. Because 
observable market prices with exact terms and conditions may not be readily available, ASB compares the fair value of MSRs 
to an estimated value calculated by an independent third-party on a semi-annual basis. The third-party relies on both published 
and unpublished sources of market related assumptions and its own experience and expertise to arrive at a value. ASB uses the 
third-party value only to assess the reasonableness of fair value generated by the valuation model. 

Impairment is recognized through a valuation allowance for each stratum when the carrying amount exceeds fair value, 
with any associated provision recorded as a component of loan servicing fees included in “Revenues - bank” in the consolidated 
statements of income. A direct write-down is recorded when the recoverability of the valuation allowance is deemed to be 
unrecoverable. 

Loan servicing fee income represents income earned for servicing mortgage loans owned by investors. It includes mortgage 

servicing fees and other ancillary servicing income, net of guaranty fees. Servicing fees are generally calculated on the 
outstanding principal balances of the loans serviced and are recorded as income when earned.

Tax credit investments.  ASB invests in limited liability entities formed to operate qualifying affordable housing projects. 

The affordable housing investments provide tax benefits to investors in the form of tax deductions from operating losses 

and tax credits. As a limited partner, ASB has no significant influence over the operations. These investments are initially 
recorded at the initial capital contribution with a liability recognized for the commitment to contribute additional capital over 
the term of the investment.

105

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

ASB uses the proportional amortization method of accounting for its investments. Under the proportional amortization 

method, ASB amortizes the cost of its investments in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits it receives. The 
amortization, tax credits and tax benefits are reported as a component of income tax expense.

For these limited liability entities, ASB assesses whether it is the primary beneficiary of the limited liability entity, which is 
a variable interest entity (VIE). The primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined to be the party that meets both of the following 
criteria: (i) has the power to make decisions that most significantly affect the economic performance of the VIE; and (ii) has the 
obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that in either case could potentially be significant to the VIE. 
Generally, ASB, as a limited partner, is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary as it does not meet the power criterion, i.e., no 
power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and no direct ability to 
unilaterally remove the general partner.  

All tax credit investments are evaluated for potential impairment at least annually, or more frequently, when events or 
conditions indicate that it is deemed probable that ASB will not recover its investment. If an investment is determined to be 
impaired, it is written down to its estimated fair value and the new cost basis of the investment is not adjusted for subsequent 
recoveries in value. As of December 31, 2021, ASB did not have any impairment losses resulting from forfeiture or ineligibility 
of tax credits or other circumstances related to its low-income housing tax credit (LIHTC) investments.

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, the carrying amount of LIHTC investments was $111.0 million and $83.4 million, 

respectively, and included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

ASB’s unfunded commitments to fund its LIHTC investment partnerships were $62.8 million and $41.0 million as of 

December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These unfunded commitments are unconditional and legally binding and are 
recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding increase in other assets.

The table below summarizes the amounts in income tax expense related to ASB’s LIHTC investments:

Years ended December 31
(in millions)

2021

2020

2019

Amounts in income taxes related to low-income housing tax credit investments
   Amortization recognized in the provision for income taxes

   Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized in the provision for income taxes

         Net benefit to income tax expense

$ 

$ 

(10.3)  $ 

(9.6)  $ 

13.9 

13.7 

3.6  $ 

4.1  $ 

(7.9) 

11.9 

4.0 

106

 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 2 · Segment financial information

The electric utility and bank segments are strategic business units of the Company that offer different products and services 

and operate in different regulatory environments. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described for 
the Company in the summary of significant accounting policies, except as otherwise indicated and except that federal and state 
income taxes for each segment are calculated on a “stand-alone” basis. HEI evaluates segment performance based on net 
income. Each segment accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales and transfers were to third parties (i.e., at 
current market prices). Intersegment revenues consist primarily of Hamakua Energy electricity revenues, interest, rent and 
preferred stock dividends.

Electric utility

Hawaiian Electric and its wholly owned operating subsidiaries, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, are public electric 

utilities in the business of generating, purchasing, transmitting, distributing and selling electric energy on all major islands in 
Hawaii other than Kauai, and are regulated by the PUC. The utility subsidiaries are aggregated within the electric utility 
segment because they: (1) are involved in the business of supplying electric energy in the same geographical location (i.e., the 
State of Hawaii), (2) have similar production processes that comprise electric generation, (3) serve similar customers within 
their franchise territories (e.g., residential, commercial and industrial customers), (4) use similar electric grids to distribute the 
energy to their customers, (5) are regulated by the PUC and undergo similar rate-making processes, (6) have similar economic 
characteristics and (7) perform financial reporting oversight and management of the business at the consolidated level.

Bank

ASB is a federally chartered savings bank that provides a full range of banking services to individual and business 

customers through its branch system in Hawaii. ASB is subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by the Office of 
the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and is subject to reserve 
requirements established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.

Other

“Other” includes amounts for the holding companies (HEI and ASB Hawaii), Pacific Current and its subsidiaries, and other 

subsidiaries not qualifying as reportable segments, and intercompany eliminations.

Pacific Current. Pacific Current was formed in 2017 to focus on investing in non-regulated renewable energy and sustainable 
infrastructure in the State of Hawaii to help achieve the state’s sustainability goals. Significant investments of Pacific Current 
made through its subsidiaries, Hamakua Energy, Mauo and Ka‘ie‘ie Waho, include:

Hamakua power plant.  In 2017, Hamakua Energy acquired Hamakua Energy Partners, L.P.’s 60-MW combined cycle 
power plant and other assets from affiliates of ArcLight Capital Partners, a private equity firm. The plant sells all the power it 
produces to Hawaii Electric Light under an existing power purchase agreement (PPA) that expires in 2030. 

Solar-plus-storage power purchase agreement.  On February 2, 2018, Mauo executed definitive agreements to acquire a 

solar-plus-storage PPA for a multi-site, commercial-scale project that will provide 8.6 MW of solar capacity and 42.3 
megawatt-hour (MWh) of storage capacity on the islands of Maui and Oahu. The PPA has a 15-year term with a customer 
option to extend for an additional five years. The system is being constructed by a third party contractor under an Engineering, 
Procurement and Construction (EPC) contract that was contemporaneously negotiated and executed by Mauo. The EPC 
contract provides a fixed price for the purchase of the completed system, a project completion schedule and performance 
obligations designed to match the requirements of the solar-plus-storage PPA. Mauo is funding the construction of the project 
with a construction facility that will be repaid on a pro rata basis at the commercial operation dates (ultimately with cash from 
investment tax credits, state renewable tax credits, non-recourse project debt, and equity).

6-MW photovoltaic system. In September 2020 Ka‘ie‘ie Waho acquired a 6-MW photovoltaic situated on 20 acres of land 
on the island of Kauai. Kauai Island Utility Cooperative purchases all of the power generated by the system under a PPA that 
expires in 2033.

107

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Segment financial information was as follows: 

Electric utility

Bank

Other

Total

(in thousands)

2021
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues (eliminations)

Revenues

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries
Net income (loss) for common stock
Net income (loss) for common stock
Capital expenditures1
Capital expenditures
Assets (at December 31, 2021)
Assets (at December 31, 2021)
2020
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues (eliminations)

Revenues

Depreciation and amortization
Depreciation and amortization
Interest expense, net
Interest expense, net
Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries
Net income (loss) for common stock
Net income (loss) for common stock
Capital expenditures1
Assets (at December 31, 2020)
Assets (at December 31, 2020)
2019
Revenues from external customers
Intersegment revenues (eliminations)

Revenues

Depreciation and amortization

Interest expense, net

Income (loss) before income taxes
Income taxes (benefit)
Net income (loss)
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries
Net income (loss) for common stock
Capital expenditures1
Assets (at December 31, 2019)

$ 

2,539,589  $ 

47 
2,539,636 
251,206 
72,447 
223,785 
44,148 
179,637 
1,995 
177,642 
292,000 
6,491,625 

$ 

2,265,281  $ 

39 
2,265,320 
256,479 
67,794 
211,753 
40,418 
171,335 
1,995 
169,340 
350,864 
6,457,373 

$ 

2,545,865  $ 

77 

2,545,942 

245,362 

70,842 
197,140 
38,305 
158,835 
1,995 

156,840 

419,898 

306,398  $ 
— 
306,398 
21,124 
5,040 
130,559 
29,325 
101,234 
— 
101,234 
11,131 
9,181,603 

313,511  $ 
— 
313,511 
29,349 
11,114 
69,271 
11,688 
57,583 
— 
57,583 
12,203 
8,396,533 

4,392  $ 
(47) 
4,345 
6,372 
21,916 
(43,481) 
(10,666) 
(32,815) 
(105) 
(32,710) 
11,393 
149,409 

983  $ 
(39) 
944 
4,950 
20,900 
(40,400) 
(11,196) 
(29,204) 
(105) 
(29,099) 
20,828 
150,101 

327,917  $ 
— 

166  $ 
(77) 

327,917 

28,675 

18,440 
112,034 
23,061 
88,973 
— 

88,973 

24,175 

89 

4,076 

20,057 
(37,765) 
(9,729) 
(28,036) 
(105) 

(27,931) 

13,447 

123,552 

2,850,379 
— 
2,850,379 
278,702 
99,403 
310,863 
62,807 
248,056 
1,890 
246,166 
314,524 
15,822,637 

2,579,775 
— 
2,579,775 
290,778 
99,808 
240,624 
40,910 
199,714 
1,890 
197,824 
383,895 
15,004,007 

2,873,948 
— 

2,873,948 

278,113 

109,339 
271,409 
51,637 
219,772 
1,890 

217,882 

457,520 

13,745,251 

6,388,682 

7,233,017 

1  Contributions in aid of construction balances are included in capital expenditures.  

Intercompany electricity sales of the Utilities to ASB and “other” segments are not eliminated because those segments 
would need to purchase electricity from another source if it were not provided by the Utilities and the profit on such sales is 
nominal.

Bank fees that ASB charges the Utilities and “other” segments are not eliminated because those segments would pay fees 

to another financial institution if they were to bank with another institution and the profit on such fees is nominal.

Hamakua Energy’s sales to Hawaii Electric Light (a regulated affiliate) are eliminated in consolidation.

108

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 3 · Electric utility segment

Regulatory assets and liabilities.  Regulatory assets represent deferred costs and accrued decoupling revenues which are 
expected to be recovered through rates over PUC-authorized periods. Generally, the Utilities do not earn a return on their 
regulatory assets; however, they have been allowed to recover interest on certain regulatory assets and to include certain 
regulatory assets in rate base. Regulatory liabilities represent amounts included in rates and collected from ratepayers for costs 
expected to be incurred in the future, or amounts collected in excess of costs incurred that are refundable to customers. For 
example, the regulatory liability for cost of removal in excess of salvage value represents amounts that have been collected 
from ratepayers for costs that are expected to be incurred in the future to retire utility plant. Generally, the Utilities include 
regulatory liabilities in rate base or are required to apply interest to certain regulatory liabilities. In the table below, noted in 
parentheses are the original PUC authorized amortization or recovery periods and, if different, the remaining amortization or 
recovery periods as of December 31, 2021 are noted.

Regulatory assets were as follows:

December 31

(in thousands)

2021

2020

Retirement benefit plans (balance primarily varies with plans’ funded statuses)

$  351,070  $  592,644 

Income taxes (1-55 years)

Decoupling revenue balancing account and RAM (1-2 years)

Unamortized expense and premiums on retired debt and equity issuances (1-18 years; 1-18 years remaining)
Vacation earned, but not yet taken (1 year)

COVID-19 related costs (to be determined by PUC)

Other (1-38 years remaining)

Total regulatory assets
Included in:

Current assets

Long-term assets

Total regulatory assets

Regulatory liabilities were as follows:

December 31

(in thousands)

Cost of removal in excess of salvage value (1-79 years)

Income taxes (1-55 years)

Decoupling revenue balancing account and RAM (1-2 years)

Retirement benefit plans (balance primarily varies with plans’ funded statuses)
Solar tax credits (1-20 years)

Other (1-4 years remaining)

Total regulatory liabilities

Included in:

Current liabilities

Long-term liabilities

Total regulatory liabilities

88,087 

31,607 

7,300 

14,255 

27,839 

45,385 

96,171 

10,432 

8,654 

15,665 

18,032 

25,110 

$  565,543  $  766,708 

$ 

66,664  $ 

30,435 

498,879 

736,273 

$  565,543  $  766,708 

2021

2020

$  562,514  $  541,730 

337,304 

360,426 

251 

51,734 

27,123 

17,842 

1,957 

29,759 

8,096 

17,818 

$  996,768  $  959,786 

$ 

29,760  $ 

37,301 

967,008 

922,485 

$  996,768  $  959,786 

The regulatory asset and liability relating to retirement benefit plans was recorded as a result of pension and OPEB tracking 

mechanisms adopted by the PUC in rate case decisions for the Utilities in 2007 (see Note 10).

Major customers.  The Utilities received 11% ($267 million), 11% ($249 million) and 11% ($281 million) of their operating 
revenues from the sale of electricity to various federal government agencies in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

109

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Cumulative preferred stock.  The following series of cumulative preferred stock are redeemable only at the option of the 
respective company at the following prices in the event of voluntary liquidation or redemption:

December 31, 2021

Series

Voluntary
liquidation price

Redemption
price

C, D, E, H, J and K (Hawaiian Electric)

$ 

20  $ 

I (Hawaiian Electric)

G (Hawaii Electric Light)

H (Maui Electric)

20 

100 

100 

21 

20 

100 

100 

Hawaiian Electric is obligated to make dividend, redemption and liquidation payments on the preferred stock of each of its 

subsidiaries if the respective subsidiary is unable to make such payments, but this obligation is subordinated to Hawaiian 
Electric’s obligation to make payments on its own preferred stock.

Related-party transactions.  HEI charged the Utilities $5.2 million, $5.6 million and $6.0 million for general management and 
administrative services in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The amounts charged by HEI to its subsidiaries for services 
provided by HEI employees are allocated primarily on the basis of time expended in providing such services.

In 2021, 2020 and 2019, Hamakua Energy (an indirect subsidiary of HEI) sold energy and capacity to Hawaii Electric 
Light (subsidiary of Hawaiian Electric and indirect subsidiary of HEI) under a PPA in the amount of $54 million, $50 million 
and $68 million, respectively.

Hawaiian Electric’s short-term borrowings from HEI totaled nil at December 31, 2021 and 2020. Borrowings among the 

Utilities are eliminated in consolidation. Interest charged by HEI to Hawaiian Electric was not material for the years ended 
December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Unconsolidated variable interest entities. 

Power purchase agreements.  As of December 31, 2021, the Utilities had five PPAs for firm capacity (including the Puna 
Geothermal Venture (PGV) PPA that went offline in May 2018 due to lava flow on Hawaii Island, but returned to service with 
firm capacity of 13.0 MW in the first quarter of 2021 and ramped up to 23.9 MW in the second quarter of 2021) and other PPAs 
with independent power producers (IPPs) and Schedule Q providers (i.e., customers with cogeneration and/or power production 
facilities who buy power from or sell power to the Utilities), none of which are currently required to be consolidated as VIEs.  

Pursuant to the current accounting standards for VIEs, the Utilities are deemed to have a variable interest in Kalaeloa 
Partners, L.P. (Kalaeloa), AES Hawaii, Inc. (AES Hawaii) and Hamakua Energy by reason of the provisions of the PPA that the 
Utilities have with the three IPPs. However, management has concluded that the Utilities are not the primary beneficiary of 
Kalaeloa, AES Hawaii and Hamakua Energy because the Utilities do not have the power to direct the activities that most 
significantly impact the three IPPs’ economic performance nor the obligation to absorb their expected losses, if any, that could 
potentially be significant to the IPPs. Thus, the Utilities have not consolidated Kalaeloa, AES Hawaii and Hamakua Energy in 
its consolidated financial statements. Hamakua Energy is an indirect subsidiary of Pacific Current, and is consolidated in HEI’s 
consolidated financial statements.  

For the other PPAs with IPPs, the Utilities have concluded that the consolidation of the IPPs was not required because 
either the Utilities do not have variable interests in the IPPs due to the absence of an obligation in the PPAs for the Utilities to 
absorb any variability of the IPPs, or the IPP was considered a “governmental organization,” and thus excluded from the scope 
of accounting standards for VIEs. The consolidation of any significant IPP could have a material effect on the consolidated 
financial statements, including the recognition of a significant amount of assets and liabilities and, if such a consolidated IPP 
were operating at a loss and had insufficient equity, the potential recognition of such losses. If the Utilities determine they are 
required to consolidate the financial statements of such an IPP and the consolidation has a material effect, the Utilities would 
retrospectively apply accounting standards for VIEs to the IPP. 

Commitments and contingencies.

Contingencies.  The Utilities are subject in the normal course of business to pending and threatened legal proceedings. 
Management does not anticipate that the aggregate ultimate liability arising out of these pending or threatened legal proceedings 
will be material to its financial position. However, the Utilities cannot rule out the possibility that such outcomes could have a 
material effect on the results of operations or liquidity for a particular reporting period in the future.

110

 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Power purchase agreements.  Purchases from all IPPs were as follows: 

Years ended December 31
(in millions)
Kalaeloa
AES Hawaii
HPOWER
Hamakua Energy
Puna Geothermal Venture
Wind IPPs
Solar IPPs
Other IPPs1
Total IPPs
1 Includes hydro power and other PPAs

2021

2020

2019

$ 

$ 

204  $ 
130 
70 
29 
53 
124 
50 
10 

670  $ 

149  $ 
133 
70 
50 
1 
105 
57 
4 
569  $ 

214 
139 
76 
68 
— 
95 
36 
5 
633 

As of December 31, 2021, the Utilities had five firm capacity PPAs for a total of 540.4 megawatts (MW) of firm capacity. 
The PGV facility with 34.6 MW of firm capacity went offline in May 2018 due to lava flow on Hawaii Island, but returned to 
service with firm capacity of 13.0 MW in the first quarter of 2021, and ramped up to 23.9 MW in the second quarter and 
continued to provide 23.9 MW for the remainder of 2021. The PUC allows rate recovery for energy and firm capacity payments 
to IPPs under these agreements. Assuming that each of the agreements remains in place for its current term (and as amended) 
and the minimum availability criteria in the PPAs are met, aggregate minimum fixed capacity charges are expected to be 
approximately $76 million in 2022, $34 million each in 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026, and $161 million from 2027 through 2033.

In general, the Utilities base their payments under the PPAs upon available capacity and actual energy supplied and they 

are generally not required to make payments for capacity if the contracted capacity is not available, and payments are reduced, 
under certain conditions, if available capacity drops below contracted levels. In general, the payment rates for capacity have 
been predetermined for the terms of the agreements. Energy payments will vary over the terms of the agreements. The Utilities 
pass on changes in the fuel component of the energy charges to customers through the energy cost recovery clause (ECRC) in 
their rate schedules. The Utilities do not operate, or participate in the operation of, any of the facilities that provide power under 
the agreements. Title to the facilities does not pass to Hawaiian Electric or its subsidiaries upon expiration of the agreements, 
and the agreements do not contain bargain purchase options for the facilities.

Purchase power adjustment clause.  The PUC has approved purchased power adjustment clauses (PPACs) for the 

Utilities. Purchased power capacity, operation and maintenance (O&M) and other non-energy costs previously recovered 
through base rates are now recovered in the PPACs and, subject to approval by the PUC, such costs resulting from new 
purchased power agreements can be added to the PPACs outside of a rate case. Purchased energy costs continue to be recovered 
through the ECRC.

Kalaeloa Partners, L.P.  Under a 1988 PPA, as amended, Hawaiian Electric is committed to purchase 208 MW of firm 

capacity from Kalaeloa. Hawaiian Electric and Kalaeloa had been negotiating an extension to the PPA, and the PPA had 
automatically extended on a month-to-month basis as long as the parties were still negotiating in good faith. In October 2021, 
Hawaiian Electric and Kalaeloa signed the Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement for Firm Dispatchable Capacity 
and Energy (Amended and Restated PPA) to extend the PPA for an additional term of 10 years. In November 2021, Hawaiian 
Electric submitted an application for approval of the Amended and Restated PPA to the PUC.

AES Hawaii, Inc.  Under a PPA entered into in March 1988, as amended (through Amended and Restated Amendment 

No. 4) for a period of 30 years ending September 2022, Hawaiian Electric agreed to purchase 180 MW of firm capacity from 
AES Hawaii. Hawaiian Electric and AES Hawaii have been in dispute over an additional 9 MW of capacity. In February 2018, 
Hawaiian Electric reached agreement with AES Hawaii on an amendment to the PPA (Amendment No. 4). However, in June 
2018, the PUC issued an order suspending review of the amendment pending a Department of Health of the State of Hawaii 
(DOH) decision on AES Hawaii’s request for approval of its Emission Reduction Plan and partnership with Hawaiian Electric. 
Subsequently on November 25, 2021, Hawaiian Electric and AES Hawaii reached agreement in Amended and Restated 
Amendment No. 4 to power purchase agreement (A&RA No. 4) and Hawaiian Electric filed a Withdrawal of Application 
regarding Amendment No. 4. A&RA No. 4 resolves AES Hawaii’s claims related to the additional capacity and was filed as an 
informational filing with the PUC. Hawaiian Electric does not intend to extend the term of the PPA which will expire on 
September 1, 2022.

Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC (Hu Honua).  In May 2012, Hawaii Electric Light signed a PPA, which the PUC approved 

in December 2013, with Hu Honua for 21.5 MW of renewable, dispatchable firm capacity fueled by locally grown biomass 
from a facility on the island of Hawaii. Under the terms of the PPA, the Hu Honua plant was scheduled to be in service in 2016. 
However, Hu Honua encountered construction and litigation delays, which resulted in an amended and restated PPA between 

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Hawaii Electric Light and Hu Honua dated May 9, 2017. In July 2017, the PUC approved the amended and restated PPA, which 
becomes effective once the PUC’s order is final and non-appealable. In August 2017, the PUC’s approval was appealed by a 
third party. On May 10, 2019, the Hawaii Supreme Court issued a decision remanding the matter to the PUC for further 
proceedings consistent with the court’s decision, which must include express consideration of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions 
that would result from approving the PPA, whether the cost of energy under the PPA is reasonable in light of the potential for 
GHG emissions, and whether the terms of the PPA are prudent and in the public interest, in light of its potential hidden and 
long-term consequences. As a result, the PUC reopened the docket for further proceedings, including re-examining all of the 
issues in the proceedings. On July 9, 2020, the PUC issued an order denying Hawaii Electric Light’s request to waive the 
amended and restated PPA from the PUC’s competitive bidding requirements and therefore, dismissed the request for approval 
of the amended and restated PPA without prejudice to possible participation in any future competitive bidding process. On 
September 9, 2020, the PUC denied Hu Honua’s motion for reconsideration of the PUC’s order. Hu Honua filed its notice of 
appeal to the Hawaii Supreme Court of the PUC’s order denying Hu Honua’s motion for reconsideration. On May 24, 2021, the 
Hawaii Supreme Court vacated the PUC’s decision and remanded the matter back to the PUC for further proceedings. On June 
30, 2021, the PUC issued an order reopening the docket consistent with the Hawaii Supreme Court’s order. A contested case 
hearing was scheduled for January and February 2022, and has been rescheduled for March 2022.

Molokai New Energy Partners (MNEP).  In July 2018, the PUC approved Maui Electric’s PPA with MNEP to purchase 

solar energy from a photovoltaic (PV) plus battery storage project. The 4.88 MW PV and 3 MW Battery Energy Storage 
System project was to deliver no more than 2.64 MW at any time to the Molokai system. On March 25, 2020, MNEP filed a 
complaint in the United Stated District Court for the District of Hawaii against Maui Electric claiming breach of contract. On 
June 3, 2020, Maui Electric provided Notice of Default and Termination of the PPA to MNEP terminating the PPA with an 
effective date of July 10, 2020. Thereafter, MNEP filed an amended Complaint to include claims relating to the termination and 
Hawaiian Electric filed its Answer to the Amended Complaint on September 11, 2020, disputing the facts presented by MNEP 
and all claims within the original and amended complaint. Currently, the discovery phase is ongoing.

Fuels barging contract.  On August 23, 2021, the Utilities entered into a five-year inter-island fuel transportation contract 
with Sause Bros., Inc., with an estimated annual base rent of $6.2 million, commencing in January 2022 (see Note 8 for lease 
discussion). On December 23, 2021, the PUC issued an interim D&O approving the inter-island fuels transportation contract 
and recovery of associated costs on an interim basis. The interim decision is effective until the PUC issues its final D&O in the 
proceeding.

Utility projects.  Many public utility projects require PUC approval and various permits from other governmental agencies. 

Difficulties in obtaining, or the inability to obtain, the necessary approvals or permits or community support can result in 
significantly increased project costs or even cancellation of projects. In the event a project does not proceed, or if it becomes 
probable the PUC will disallow cost recovery for all or part of a project, or if PUC-imposed caps on project costs are expected 
to be exceeded, project costs may need to be written off in amounts that could result in significant reductions in Hawaiian 
Electric’s consolidated net income.

Enterprise Resource Planning/Enterprise Asset Management (ERP/EAM) implementation project.  The ERP/EAM 

Implementation Project went live in October 2018. Hawaii Electric Light and Hawaiian Electric began to incorporate their 
portion of the deferred project costs in rate base and started the amortization over a 12-year period in January 2020 and 
November 2020, respectively. The PUC required a minimum of $246 million ERP/EAM project-related benefit to be delivered 
to customers over the system’s 12-year service life.

In February 2019, the PUC approved a methodology for passing the future cost saving benefits of the new ERP/EAM 
system to customers developed by the Utilities in collaboration with the Consumer Advocate. The Utilities filed a benefits 
clarification document on June 10, 2019, reflecting $150 million in future net O&M expense reductions and cost avoidance, and 
$96 million in capital cost reductions and tax savings over the 12-year service life. To the extent the reduction in O&M expense 
relates to amounts reflected in electric rates, the Utilities would reduce future rates for such amounts. In October 2019, the PUC 
approved the Utilities and the Consumer Advocate’s Stipulated Performance Metrics and Tracking Mechanism. As of 
December 31, 2021, the Utilities’ regulatory liability was $8.6 million ($5.4 million for Hawaiian Electric, $1.3 million for 
Hawaii Electric Light and $1.9 million for Maui Electric) for the O&M expense savings that are being amortized or to be 
included in future rates. As part of the settlement agreement approved in the Hawaiian Electric 2020 test year rate case, the 
regulatory liability for Hawaiian Electric will be amortized over five years, beginning in November 2020, and the O&M 
benefits for Hawaiian Electric was considered flowed through to customers. As part of the PBR proceeding, the regulatory 
liability as of December 31, 2020 of approximately $1.6 million and $2.3 million, respectively, for Hawaii Electric Light and 
Maui Electric was flowed to customers as part of the customer dividend in the annual revenue adjustment in 2021.   

On July 7, 2021, the PUC issued an order modifying the reporting frequency of the Semi-Annual Enterprise System 
Benefits (SAESB) reports to an Annual Enterprise System Benefits (AESB) report on the achieved benefits savings. The most 
recent AESB report was filed on February 14, 2022 for the period January 1 through December 31, 2021.

112

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

West Loch PV Project.  In November 2019, Hawaiian Electric placed into service a 20-MW (ac) utility-owned and 

operated renewable and dispatchable solar facility on property owned by the Department of the Navy. PUC orders resulted in a 
project cost cap of $67 million (including a cap of $4.7 million for the in-kind work to be performed in exchange for use of the 
Navy property) with capital cost recovery approved under MPIR (See “Performance-based regulation framework” section 
below for MPIR guidelines and cost recovery discussion.) Project costs incurred as of December 31, 2021 amounted to $58.8 
million and generated $14.7 million and $14.0 million in federal and state nonrefundable tax credits, respectively. For book and 
regulatory purposes, the tax credits are being deferred and amortized, starting in 2020, over 25 years and 10 years for federal 
and state credits, respectively.

As part of the approval of the project, a performance guarantee mechanism was established, which calls for the Utilities to 

provide energy at target annual energy production levels. Customers are compensated for production shortfalls by the amount of 
shortfall multiplied by the Equivalent Levelized Energy Price (ELEP) based on the revenue requirements of the actual total cost 
of the project, but not to exceed 9.56 cents/kilowatt-hours (kWh). Compensation for shortfalls is provided to customers as a 
credit through the PPAC, while production surpluses are refunded to the Utilities up to the amount of previously issued 
underproduction credits. In December 2021, the Utilities accrued $0.7 million in estimated underproduction credits to be 
returned to customers in 2022 due to not meeting the 2021 annual production target. The 2021 underproduction credit is based 
on an interim ELEP representing total project costs as of August 31, 2021. The credit will be trued up based on a final ELEP 
based on final project costs.

Environmental regulation.  The Utilities are subject to environmental laws and regulations that regulate the operation of 

existing facilities, the construction and operation of new facilities and the proper cleanup and disposal of hazardous waste and 
toxic substances. 

Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light and Maui Electric, like other utilities, periodically encounter petroleum or other 

chemical releases associated with current or previous operations. The Utilities report and take action on these releases when 
and as required by applicable law and regulations. The Utilities believe the costs of responding to such releases identified to 
date will not have a material effect, individually or in the aggregate, on Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated results of operations, 
financial condition or liquidity.

Former Molokai Electric Company generation site.  In 1989, Maui Electric acquired Molokai Electric Company. 

Molokai Electric Company had sold its former generation site (Site) in 1983 but continued to operate at the Site under a lease 
until 1985. The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has since identified environmental impacts in the subsurface 
soil at the Site. In cooperation with the DOH and EPA, Maui Electric further investigated the Site and the Adjacent Parcel to 
determine the extent of impacts of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), residual fuel oils and other subsurface contaminants. 
Maui Electric has a reserve balance of $2.7 million as of December 31, 2021, representing the probable and reasonably 
estimable undiscounted cost for remediation of the Site and the Adjacent Parcel based on presently available information; 
however, final costs of remediation will depend on the cleanup approach implemented.

On November 24, 2021, the current landowners of the Site, Misaki’s, Inc., filed a lawsuit against Hawaiian Electric (as 

alleged successor in interest to Molokai Electric, the prior owner of the Site) in the Circuit Court of the Second Circuit of the 
State of Hawaii (subsequently removed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Hawaii), alleging that Hawaiian Electric is 
responsible for remediation of the Site based on the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act 
of 1980, section 9601 and the Hawaii Environmental Response Law under Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 128D. The lawsuit 
seeks reimbursement and indemnification of costs to respond to the alleged release of hazardous substances on the Site, a 
declaratory judgment as to liability for response costs and other unspecified damages. Additionally, there are contractual claims 
for damages and past rent based on the period when the property was briefly leased back from Misaki’s to Molokai Electric 
during the transition of ownership. At this time, the Utilities are unable to determine the ultimate outcome of the lawsuit or the 
amount of any possible loss. The Utilities intend to vigorously defend the action.

Pearl Harbor sediment study.  In July 2014, the U.S. Navy notified Hawaiian Electric of the Navy’s determination that 

Hawaiian Electric is a Potentially Responsible Party responsible for the costs of investigation and cleanup of PCB 
contamination in sediment in the area offshore of the Waiau Power Plant as part of the Pearl Harbor Superfund Site. Hawaiian 
Electric was also required by the EPA to assess potential sources and extent of PCB contamination onshore at Waiau Power 
Plant.

As of December 31, 2021, the reserve account balance recorded by Hawaiian Electric to address the PCB contamination 
was $10.3 million. The reserve balance represents the probable and reasonably estimable undiscounted cost for the onshore and 
offshore investigation and remediation. The final remediation costs will depend on the actual onshore and offshore cleanup 
costs.

Asset retirement obligations.  Asset retirement obligations (AROs) represent legal obligations associated with the 

retirement of certain tangible long-lived assets, are measured as the present value of the projected costs for the future retirement 

113

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

of specific assets and are recognized in the period in which the liability is incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be 
made. The Utilities’ recognition of AROs have no impact on their earnings. The cost of the AROs is recovered over the life of 
the asset through depreciation. AROs recognized by the Utilities relate to legal obligations associated with the retirement of 
plant and equipment, including removal of asbestos and other hazardous materials.

The Utilities recorded AROs related to: 1) the removal of retired generating units, certain types of transformers and 

underground storage tanks; 2) the abandonment of fuel pipelines, underground injection and supply wells; and 3) the removal of 
equipment and restoration of leased land used in connection with Utility-owned renewable and dispatchable generation 
facilities. 

Changes to the ARO liability included in “Other liabilities” on Hawaiian Electric’s balance sheet were as follows:

(in thousands)

Balance, January 1

Accretion expense

Liabilities incurred

Liabilities settled

Balance, December 31

2021

2020

$ 

10,692  $ 

10,324 

423 

— 

(5) 

405 

— 

(37) 

$ 

11,110  $ 

10,692 

The Utilities have not recorded AROs for assets that are expected to operate indefinitely or where the Utilities cannot 
estimate a settlement date (or range of potential settlement dates). As such, ARO liabilities are not recorded for certain asset 
retirement activities, including various Utilities-owned generating facilities and certain electric transmission, distribution and 
telecommunications assets resulting from easements over property not owned by the Utilities.

Regulatory proceedings.

Decoupling.  Decoupling is a regulatory model that is intended to provide the Utilities with financial stability and 
facilitate meeting the State of Hawaii’s goals to transition to a clean energy economy and achieve an aggressive renewable 
portfolio standard. Prior to the implementation of the performance-based regulation framework (PBR Framework), the 
decoupling mechanism had the following major components: (1) monthly revenue balancing account (RBA) revenues or 
refunds for the difference between PUC-approved target revenues and recorded adjusted revenues, which delinks revenues from 
kWh sales, (2) revenue adjustment mechanism (RAM) revenues for escalation in certain O&M expenses and rate base changes, 
(3) major project interim recovery (MPIR) adjustment mechanism, (4) performance incentive mechanisms (PIMs), and (5) an 
earnings sharing mechanism (ESM), which would provide for a reduction of revenues between rate cases in the event the utility 
exceeds the authorized rate-making return on average common equity (ROACE) allowed in its most recent rate case.  

Performance-based regulation framework.  On December 23, 2020, the PUC issued a D&O (PBR D&O) approving 

the new PBR Framework. Under the PBR Framework, the Utilities’ decoupling will continue to be used with modifications, as 
described below. The existing cost recovery mechanisms will continue as currently implemented (e.g., the Energy Cost 
Recovery Clause (ECRC), Purchased Power Adjustment Clause (PPAC), Demand Side Management surcharge (DSM), 
Renewable Energy Infrastructure Program (REIP), Demand Response Adjustment Clause (DRAC), Pension and Other Post-
Employment Benefits (OPEB) tracking mechanisms). In addition to annual revenues provided by the annual revenue 
adjustment (ARA), the Utilities may seek relief for extraordinary projects or programs through the Exceptional Project 
Recovery Mechanism (EPRM) (formerly known as the MPIR adjustment mechanism) and earn financial rewards for exemplary 
performance as provided through a portfolio of PIMs and Shared Savings Mechanisms (SSMs). The PBR Framework will 
incorporate a variety of other performance mechanisms, including Scorecards, Reported Metrics, and an expedited Pilot 
Process. The PBR Framework also contains a number of safeguards, including a symmetric ESM which protects the Utilities 
and customers from excessive earnings or losses, as measured by the Utilities’ achieved rate-making ROACE and a Re-Opener 
mechanism, under which the PUC will open an examination, at its discretion, to determine if adjustments or modifications to 
specific PBR mechanisms are appropriate. The new PBR Framework became fully effective on June 1, 2021.

On September 17, 2021, the PUC issued an order, including a proposed new set of potential PIMs to address these areas of 

PUC concern:

• Grid reliability,
•
•
•
•

Timely retirement of fossil fuel generation units,
Interconnection of large-scale renewable energy projects,
Cost control for fossil fuel, purchased power, and other non-ARA costs, and
Expedient utilization of grid services from demand-side resources

The order established a procedural schedule by which a PBR Working Group (consisting of parties from the docket in 
which the new PBR Framework was established) will comment upon and evaluate the potential new PIMs and potentially 

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

propose alternatives. The schedule included procedural steps for technical conferences, statements of position filings and an 
evidentiary hearing. The PUC has not stated when any new PIMs might become effective. On November 19, 2021, the PUC 
modified the procedural schedule. Accordingly, the Utilities filed their preliminary statements of position on February 8, 2022. 
The final statements of position are due on March 18, 2022, and an evidentiary hearing during the week of April 4, 2022.

Revenue adjustment mechanism.  The RAM is based on the lesser of: a) an inflationary adjustment for certain O&M 

expenses and return on investment for certain rate base changes, or b) cumulative annual compounded increase in Gross 
Domestic Product Price Index applied to annualized target revenues (the RAM Cap). All Utilities were limited to the RAM Cap 
in 2020. Under the PBR Framework, the ARA mechanism replaced the RAM, and became effective on June 1, 2021. The 
transition to the ARA includes the continuation of the 2020 RAM revenue adjustment.

Annual revenue adjustment mechanism.  The PBR Framework established a five-year multi-year rate period during 
which there will be no general rate cases. Target revenues will be adjusted according to an index-driven ARA based on (i) an 
inflation factor, (ii) a predetermined X-factor to encompass productivity, which is set at zero, (iii) a Z-factor to account for 
exceptional circumstances not in the Utilities’ control and (iv) a customer dividend consisting of a negative adjustment of 
0.22% of adjusted revenue requirements compounded annually and a flow through of the “pre-PBR” savings commitment from 
the management audit recommendations developed in a prior docket.

As a result of an Order issued by the PUC pursuant to a motion for partial reconsideration the customer dividend for “pre-

PBR” savings commitment portion to be delivered to customers will be at a rate of $6.6 million per year from 2021 to 2025, 
and the Enterprise Resource Planning system benefits savings of $3.9 million, to be delivered to customers in 2021. The 
implementation of the ARA occurred on June 1, 2021.

Earnings sharing mechanism.  A symmetrical ESM for achieved rate-making ROACE outside of a 300 basis points 
dead band above or below the current authorized ROACE of 9.5% for each of each of the Utilities. There is a 50/50 sharing 
between customers and Utilities for the achieved rate-making ROACE falling within 150 basis points outside of the dead band 
in either direction, and a 90/10 sharing for any further difference. A reopening or review of the PBR terms will be triggered if 
the Utilities credit rating outlook indicates a potential credit downgrade below investment grade status, or if its achieved rate-
making ROACE enters the outer most tier of the ESM.

Major project interim recovery.  On April 27, 2017, the PUC issued an order that provided guidelines for interim 

recovery of revenues to support major projects placed in service between general rate cases.

Projects eligible for recovery through the MPIR adjustment mechanism are major projects (i.e., projects with capital 
expenditures net of customer contributions in excess of $2.5 million), including, but not restricted to, renewable energy, energy 
efficiency, utility scale generation, grid modernization and smaller qualifying projects grouped into programs for review. The 
MPIR adjustment mechanism provides the opportunity to recover revenues for approved costs of eligible projects placed in 
service between general rate cases wherein cost recovery is limited by a revenue cap and is not provided by other effective 
recovery mechanisms. The request for PUC approval must include a business case, and all costs that are allowed to be 
recovered through the MPIR adjustment mechanism must be offset by any related benefits. The guidelines provide for accrual 
of revenues approved for recovery upon in-service date to be collected from customers through the annual RBA tariff. Capital 
projects that are not recovered through the MPIR would be included in the RAM and be subject to the RAM Cap, until the next 
rate case when the Utilities would request recovery in base rates.

On May 26, 2021, the PUC approved 2021 MPIR amounts totaling $21.8 million, including revenue taxes, for the 
Schofield Generating Station ($17.6 million), West Loch PV Project ($3.3 million), and Grid Modernization Strategy (GMS) 
Phase 1 project ($0.9 million for all three utilities) for the accrual of revenues effective January 1, 2021, that included the 2021 
return on project amount (based on approved amounts) in rate base, depreciation and incremental O&M expenses. Under the 
PBR Framework, the Utilities began recovery of the annualized 2021 MPIR amounts effective June 1, 2021 through the RBA 
rate adjustment.

On September 27, 2021, the PUC issued an order rejecting the Utilities’ August 31, 2021 request to update target revenues 

resulting from the GMS Phase 1 Meter Data Management System (MDMS) deferred software go‑live and completion of 
implementation through July 2021, as it inappropriately relied on an automatic approval provision in Hawaii Administrative 
Rules. The PUC did not rule on the merits of the Utilities’ request and offered the Utilities to file an amended request as soon as 
practicable. On October 7, 2021, the Utilities filed an amended request, requesting PUC approval of RBA tariff sheets reflecting 
the change to target revenues associated with the GMS Phase 1 MDMS deferred software go-live and completion of 
implementation through July 2021, which was approved by the PUC on December 20, 2021.

Exceptional project recovery mechanism.  Under the PBR Framework, the existing MPIR adjustment mechanism was 

renamed EPRM to include deferred and O&M expense projects and to permit the Utilities to include the full amount of 
approved costs in the EPRM for recovery in the first year the project goes into service, pro-rated for the portion of the year the 

115

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

project is in service. Any pending application for MPIR relief submitted by the Utilities prior to the PBR D&O will be 
grandfathered under the MPIR Guidelines. The Utilities may alternatively request that pending MPIR applications be reviewed 
under EPRM Guidelines. EPRM recovery will be in accordance with the EPRM Guidelines limited to the lesser of actual 
incurred project costs or PUC-approved amounts, net of savings. As of December 31, 2021, the PUC approved two EPRM 
projects totaling $41 million to the extent that the project costs are not included in rates. Currently, the Utilities are seeking 
EPRM recovery of five projects with total project costs of $264 million, subject to PUC approval.

Pilot process.  The PBR D&O approved a Pilot Process to foster innovation by establishing an expedited 
implementation process for pilots that test new technologies, programs, business models, and other arrangements. This is 
intended to support initiatives by the Utilities to test new programs and ideas quickly and elevate any successful pilots for 
consideration of full-scale implementation. The proposed pilots would be subject to PUC approval with a total annual cap of 
$10 million. The Pilot Process will feature the two primary activities: an initial “Workplan Development” phase, during which 
the Utilities identify and scope areas of interests, so as to inform the subsequent “Implementation” phase, during which the 
Utilities submit specific pilot proposals for expedited review by the PUC and implement the pilot upon approval. The PUC will 
issue an order, approving, denying, or modifying a proposed Pilot within 45 days of receiving notice of a specific pilot project.

On July 9, 2021, the PUC issued an order approving the Utilities’ proposed Pilot Process submitted in April 2021 with 

modifications, including a cost recovery process that generally allows the Utilities to defer and recover total annual 
expenditures of approved pilot projects in full over twelve months beginning June 1 of the year following implementation 
through the RBA rate adjustment, although the Utilities may determine on a case-by-case basis that a particular project’s 
deferred costs should be amortized over a period greater than twelve months. On July 28, 2021, the Utilities submitted the 
finalized Pilot Process to govern the review of the pilot project proposals in accordance with the July 9, 2021 order.

On November 30, 2021, the PUC solicited comments from the Parties regarding the Pilot Process Workplan filed by the 

Utilities on November 12, 2021. The Utilities filed their response to those comments on January 5, 2022. 

Performance incentive mechanisms.  The PUC has established the following PIMs: (1) Service Quality performance 

incentives, (2) Phase 1 Request for proposal (RFP) PIM for procurement of low-cost renewable energy, (3) Phase 2 RFP PIMs 
for generation and generation plus storage project, and Grid Services and standalone storage, (4) new PIMs established in the 
PBR D&O.

•

•

•

Service Quality performance incentives (ongoing).  Service Quality performance incentives are measured on a 
calendar-year basis. The PIM tariff requires the performance targets, deadbands and the amount of maximum financial 
incentives used to determine the PIM financial incentive levels for each of the PIMs to remain constant in interim 
periods, unless otherwise amended by order of the PUC.

•

•

Service Reliability Performance measured by System Average Interruption Duration and Frequency Indexes 
(penalties only). Target performance is based on each utility’s historical 10-year average performance with a 
deadband of one standard deviation. The maximum penalty for each performance index is 20 basis points applied 
to the common equity share of each respective utility’s approved rate base (or maximum penalties of 
approximately $6.8 million - for both indices in total for the three utilities). In 2021, the Utilities accrued 
$0.2 million in estimated penalties for service reliability.

Call Center Performance measured by the percentage of calls answered within 30 seconds. Target performance is 
based on the annual average performance for each utility for the most recent 8 quarters with a deadband of 3% 
above and below the target. The maximum penalty or reward is 8 basis points applied to the common equity share 
of each respective utility’s approved rate base (or maximum penalties or rewards of approximately $1.4 million - 
in total for the three utilities).

Phase 1 RFP PIM.  Procurement of low-cost variable renewable resources through the RFP process in 2018 is 
measured by comparison of the procurement price to target prices. Half of the incentive was earned upon PUC 
approval of the PPAs. Based on the seven PPAs approved in 2019, the Utilities recognized $1.7 million in 2019 with 
the remaining award to be recognized in the year following the in-service date of the projects, which is estimated to 
occur from 2023 to 2024.

Phase 2 RFP PIMs. The PUC order issued on October 9, 2019 establishes pricing thresholds, timelines to complete 
contracting, and other performance criteria for the performance incentive eligibility. The PIMs provide incentives only 
without penalties. On July 9, 2020, the Utilities filed two Grid Service Purchase Agreements for the Grid Service RFP 
that potentially qualify for a demand response PIM; however, details of the incentive metrics will be determined by the 
PUC. On September 15, 2020, the Utilities filed a PPA that qualified for a PIM incentive and on February 16, 2021, 
the Utilities filed one additional PPA that qualified for a declining PIM incentive. The PUC approved two PPAs in 
September 2021 and November 2021, and two Grid Services Purchase Agreements on December 31, 2020. In 2021, 
the Utilities accrued $0.1 million in incentive related to the two PPAs.

116

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

•

The PUC established the following two new PIMs in its PBR D&O, which were approved in an order issued on March 
23, 2021 and became effective on June 1, 2021.

•

•

Renewable portfolio standard (RPS)-A PIM that provides a financial reward for accelerating the achievement of 
RPS goals. The Utilities may earn a reward for the amount of system generation above the interpolated statutory 
RPS goal at $20/MWh in 2021 and 2022, $15/MWh in 2023, and $10/MWh for the remainder of the multi-year 
rate period (MRP). Penalties are already prescribed in the RPS as $20/MWh for failing to meet RPS targets in 
2030, 2040 and 2045. The evaluation period commenced on January 1, 2021. In 2021, the Utilities accrued 
$0.7 million in estimated rewards.

Grid Services Procurement PIM that provides financial rewards for grid services acquired in 2021 and 2022. The 
Utilities can earn a total maximum reward of $1.5 million over 2021 and 2022. The evaluation period commenced 
on January 1, 2021.

•

The PUC also established the following three new PIMs in its PBR D&O, which were approved by the PUC on May 
17, 2021 and became effective on June 1, 2021.

•

•

•

Interconnection Approval PIM that provides financial rewards and penalties for interconnection times for 
distributed energy resources systems <100 kW in size. The Utilities can earn a total annual maximum reward of 
$3.0 million or a total annual maximum penalty of $0.9 million. The evaluation period commenced on January 1, 
2021. In 2021, the Utilities accrued $2.8 million in estimated rewards.

Low-to-Moderate Income (LMI) Energy Efficiency PIM that provides financial reward for collaboration between 
the Utilities and the third-party Public Benefits Fee Administrator to deliver energy savings for low- and 
moderate-income customers. The Utilities can earn a total annual maximum reward of $2.0 million. The PIM will 
initially have a duration of three years and be subject to an annual review. The evaluation period is based on 
Hawaii Energy’s program year with the initial evaluation year being the period of July 1, 2021 through June 30, 
2022.

Advanced Metering Infrastructure Utilization PIM that provides financial rewards for leveraging grid 
modernization investments and engaging customers beyond what is already planned in the Phase 1 Grid 
Modernization program. The Utilities can earn a total annual maximum reward of $2.0 million. The PIM will 
initially have a duration of three years after which it will be re-evaluated. The evaluation period commenced on 
January 1, 2021.

In 2021, the Utilities accrued $3.4 million ($2.6 million for Hawaiian Electric, $0.3 million for Hawaii Electric Light and 

$0.5 million for Maui Electric) in estimated rewards net of penalties, for 2021. The net rewards related to 2021 will be reflected 
in the 2022 PIMs annual report and 2022 Spring Revenue Report filings.

Annual review cycle.  PBR D&O established an annual review cycle for revenue adjustments under the PBR 
Framework, including the biannual submission of the revenue reports. The Utilities filed the fall revenue report on October 29, 
2021, which was approved by the PUC on December 22, 2021. The filing reflected ARA revenues for 2022 to be collected from 
January 1 through December 31, 2022, as follows:

(in millions)

2022 ARA revenues

Management Audit savings commitment

Net 2022 ARA revenues

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Total

$ 

$ 

19.8  $ 

(4.6) 

15.2  $ 

4.9  $ 

4.8  $ 

(1.0) 

(1.0) 

3.9  $ 

3.8  $ 

29.5 

(6.6) 

22.9 

The net incremental amounts between the 2021 spring and fall revenue reports are as follows. The amounts are to be 
collected (refunded) from January 1 through December 31, 2022 under the RBA rate tariffs, which were included in the 2021 
fall revenue report filing.

(in millions)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 

Electric Light Maui Electric

Total

Incremental RAM revenues and ARA revenues

$ 

41.7  $ 

8.9 

$ 

10.9  $ 

61.5 

Incremental accrued RBA balance through September 30, 2021 (and

associated revenue taxes)

Incremental Performance Incentive Mechanisms (net)

Incremental MPIR/EPRM Revenue Adjustment

21.9 

— 

9.8 

2.5 

— 

0.3 

(0.1) 

0.1 

0.3 

Net incremental amount to be collected under the RBA rate tariffs

$ 

73.4  $ 

11.7 

$ 

11.1  $ 

24.3 

0.1 

10.4 

96.2 

Note: Columns may not foot due to rounding.

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Most recent rate proceedings.

Hawaiian Electric 2020 test year rate case.  On October 22, 2020, the PUC issued a final D&O approving the 
stipulated settlement agreement filed in the proceeding. As a result, there will be no increase in base electric rates established in 
the 2017 test year rate case. In the final D&O, the PUC approved the capital structure that consists of a 58% total equity ratio, 
and an authorized ROACE of 9.5% for the 2020 test year. The resulting return on rate base (RORB) is 7.37%. The D&O 
approved the agreement to implement the overall lower depreciation rates approved in the last depreciation study proceeding, 
effective January 1, 2020. See “Annual revenue adjustment mechanism” under “Performance-based regulation framework” 
above, regarding the PUC’s decision on the treatment of Hawaiian Electric’s Management Audit savings commitment. 
Hawaiian Electric’s proposed RBA provision tariff and ECRC tariff submitted on November 6, 2020 were approved by the 
PUC on December 11, 2020 and took effect on January 1, 2021. 

Hawaii Electric Light 2019 test year rate case.  On July 28, 2020, the PUC issued a final D&O, approving the 
Stipulated Partial Settlement Letter in part and ordering final rates for the 2019 test year to remain at current effective rates such 
that there is a zero increase in rates. The PUC determined that an appropriate authorized ROACE for the 2019 test year is 9.5%, 
approved a capital structure of 58% total equity and approved as fair a 7.52% RORB. In addition, the order, among others, (1) 
approved a 10-year amortization period for the state investment tax credit; and (2) approved a modification to Hawaii Electric 
Light’s ECRC to incorporate a 98%/2% risk-sharing split between customers and Hawaii Electric Light with an annual 
maximum exposure cap of +/- $600,000. The proposed final tariffs and PIM tariffs took effect on November 1, 2020, and the 
ECRC tariff took effect on January 1, 2021.

Regulatory assets for COVID-19 related costs.  On May 4, 2020, the PUC issued an order, authorizing all utilities, including 
the Utilities, to establish regulatory assets to record costs resulting from the suspension of disconnections of service during the 
pendency of the Governor’s Emergency Proclamation and until otherwise ordered by the PUC. In future proceedings, the PUC 
will consider the reasonableness of the costs, the appropriate period of recovery, any amount of carrying costs thereon, and any 
savings directly attributable to suspension of disconnects, and other related matters. As part of the order, the PUC prohibits the 
Utilities from charging late payment fees on past due payments. As the moratorium on customer disconnections ended on May 
31, 2021, the Utilities have resumed charging late payment fees in July 2021. On June 30, 2020, the PUC issued an order 
approving the Utilities’ request made in April 2020 for deferral treatment of COVID-19 related costs through December 31, 
2020. On October 1, 2021, the PUC approved the Utilities’ request to extend the deferral period to December 31, 2021. In 
December 2021, to keep customers connected and provide some relief to customers experiencing financial difficulty during the 
pandemic, the Utilities have committed to issuing $2 million in bill credits to qualified customers. The Utilities will not seek 
recovery for the issued bill credits resulting in a reduction to the cumulative deferred costs. As of December 31, 2021, the 
Utilities recorded a total of $27.8 million in regulatory assets pursuant to the orders.

Collective bargaining agreement.  As of December 31, 2021, approximately 47% of the Utilities’ employees are members of 
the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, AFL-CIO, Local 1260. The collective bargaining agreement between the 
union and the Utilities was set to expire on October 31, 2021 but had been extended through January 3, 2022 while negotiations 
for a new agreement continued. On December 3, 2021, the union’s members ratified a new collective bargaining agreement. 
The new collective bargaining agreement covers a term from November 1, 2021 to October 31, 2024 and provides for non-
compound 3% general wage increase for each year of the 3-year contract and includes changes to retirement benefits for 
employees hired on or after January 1, 2022. (see Note 10)

Consolidating financial information.  Consolidating financial information for Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries are 
presented for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Hawaiian Electric unconditionally guarantees Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s obligations (a) to the State of 
Hawaii for the repayment of principal and interest on Special Purpose Revenue Bonds issued for the benefit of Hawaii Electric 
Light and Maui Electric and (b) under their respective private placement note agreements and the Hawaii Electric Light notes 
and Maui Electric notes issued thereunder (see Hawaiian Electric and Subsidiaries’ Consolidated Statements of Capitalization). 
Hawaiian Electric is also obligated, after the satisfaction of its obligations on its own preferred stock, to make dividend, 
redemption and liquidation payments on Hawaii Electric Light’s and Maui Electric’s preferred stock if the respective subsidiary 
is unable to make such payments.

118

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

644,349 
670,494 
475,412 
229,469 
240,354 
2,260,078 
279,558 

9,534 
— 

3,890 
(72,447) 

3,250 
223,785 
44,148 
179,637 
915 

178,722 

1,080 

Consolidating statement of income
Year ended December 31, 2021 

(in thousands)
Revenues
Expenses
Fuel oil
Purchased power
Other operation and maintenance
Depreciation
Taxes, other than income taxes
   Total expenses
Operating income

Hawaiian 
Electric
$  1,793,372 

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light
  381,033 

Maui 
Electric
  365,256 

Consolidating 
adjustments

(25)  [1]

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated
$  2,539,636 

442,818 
508,642 
313,009 
155,607 
170,604 
  1,590,680 
202,692 

80,086 
  108,997 
79,390 
40,201 
35,499 
  344,173 
36,860 

  121,445 
52,855 
83,013 
33,661 
34,251 
  325,225 
40,031 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(25) 

Allowance for equity funds used during construction
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

7,734 
45,353 

586 
— 

1,214 
— 

— 
(45,353)  [2]

Retirement defined benefits credit (expense)—other 

than service costs

Interest expense and other charges, net

Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction  
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries

Net income attributable to Hawaiian Electric

Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric

3,348 
(51,680) 

670 
(10,353) 

(128) 
(10,439) 

— 
25  [1]

2,617 
210,064 
31,342 
178,722 
— 

178,722 

1,080 

197 
27,960 
6,246 
21,714 
534 

21,180 

— 

436 
31,114 
6,560 
24,554 
381 

24,173 

— 

— 
(45,353) 
— 
(45,353) 
— 

(45,353) 

— 

Net income for common stock

$ 

177,642 

21,180 

24,173 

(45,353) 

$ 

177,642 

Consolidating statement of comprehensive income
Year ended December 31, 2021

(in thousands)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

Net income for common stock

$ 

177,642 

21,180 

24,173 

(45,353) 

$ 

177,642 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Retirement benefit plans:

Net gains arising during the period, net of taxes

151,523 

17,902 

16,572 

(34,474)  [1]

151,523 

Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit 

and net losses recognized during the period in net 
periodic benefit cost, net of tax benefits

Reclassification adjustment for impact of D&Os of 
the PUC included in regulatory assets, net of taxes

19,461 

2,749 

2,553 

(5,302)  [1]

19,461 

(171,345) 

(20,585) 

(18,898) 

39,483  [1]

(171,345) 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes

(361) 

66 

227 

(293) 

(361) 

Comprehensive income attributable to common 

shareholder

$ 

177,281 

21,246 

24,400 

(45,646) 

$ 

177,281 

119

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Consolidating statement of income
Year ended December 31, 2020

(in thousands)
Revenues
Expenses
Fuel oil
Purchased power
Other operation and maintenance
Depreciation
Taxes, other than income taxes
   Total expenses
Operating income

Allowance for equity funds used during construction
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

Retirement defined benefits credit (expense)—other 

than service costs

Interest expense and other charges, net

Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction  
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income

Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries

Net income attributable to Hawaiian Electric

Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric
Net income for common stock

1,080 
$  169,340 

Consolidating statement of comprehensive income
Year ended December 31, 2020

Hawaiian 
Electric
$ 1,608,305 

Hawaii 
Electric Light
334,221 

Maui 
Electric
  323,430 

Consolidating 
adjustments

(636)  [1]

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated
$  2,265,320 

354,087 
446,672 
311,781 
151,387 
154,191 
  1,418,118 
190,187 

7,335 
47,504 

72,202 
73,120 
73,746 
39,041 
31,181 
289,290 
44,931 

543 
— 

88,985 
48,957 
88,665 
32,305 
30,450 
  289,362 
34,068 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(636) 

890 
— 

— 
(47,504)  [2]

(1,294) 
(48,775) 

2,540 
197,497 
27,077 
170,420 

— 

170,420 

672 
(10,004) 

(141) 
(9,651) 

— 

636  [1]

160 
36,302 
8,275 
28,027 

534 

27,493 

— 
27,493 

292 
25,458 
5,066 
20,392 

381 

20,011 

— 
20,011 

— 
(47,504) 
— 
(47,504) 

— 

(47,504) 

— 
(47,504) 

$ 

515,274 
568,749 
474,192 
222,733 
215,822 
1,996,770 
268,550 

8,768 
— 

(763) 
(67,794) 

2,992 
211,753 
40,418 
171,335 

915 

170,420 

1,080 
169,340 

(in thousands)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric Light

Maui 
Electric

Consolidating 
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

Net income for common stock

$  169,340 

27,493 

20,011 

(47,504) 

$ 

169,340 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Retirement benefit plans:

Net losses arising during the period, net of tax 

benefits

Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit 

and net losses recognized during the period in net 
periodic benefit cost, net of tax benefits

Reclassification adjustment for impact of D&Os of 
the PUC included in regulatory assets, net of taxes

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits
Comprehensive income attributable to common 

shareholder

(63,050) 

(9,424) 

(10,897) 

20,321  [1]

(63,050) 

21,550 

3,179 

2,763 

(5,942)  [1]

21,550 

39,860 

(1,640) 

6,025 

(220) 

8,000 

(134) 

(14,025)  [1]

354 

39,860 

(1,640) 

$  167,700 

27,273 

19,877 

(47,150) 

$ 

167,700 

120

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Consolidating statement of income
Year ended December 31, 2019 

(in thousands)
Revenues
Expenses
Fuel oil
Purchased power
Other operation and maintenance
Depreciation
Taxes, other than income taxes
   Total expenses
Operating income 
Allowance for equity funds used 
   during construction
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

Retirement defined benefits expense—other than 

service costs

Interest expense and other charges, net

Allowance for borrowed funds used during construction  
Income before income taxes
Income taxes
Net income
Preferred stock dividends of subsidiaries

Net income attributable to Hawaiian Electric
Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric
Net income for common stock

157,920 
1,080 
$  156,840 

Consolidating statement of comprehensive income
Year ended December 31, 2019

Hawaiian 
Electric
$ 1,803,698 

Hawaii 
Electric Light
364,590 

Maui 
Electric
  378,202 

Consolidating 
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

(548) 

[1] $  2,545,942 

494,728 
494,215 
319,771 
143,470 
170,979 
  1,623,163 
180,535 

84,565 
90,989 
76,091 
41,812 
33,787 
327,244 
37,346 

  141,416 
48,052 
85,875 
30,449 
35,365 
  341,157 
37,045 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
(548) 

9,955 
43,167 

(2,287) 
(51,199) 

3,666 
183,837 
25,917 
157,920 
— 

816 
— 

1,216 
— 

— 
(43,167) 

[2]

(422) 
(10,741) 

(127) 
(9,450) 

— 
548 

[1]

342 
27,341 
5,990 
21,351 
534 

20,817 
— 
20,817 

445 
29,129 
6,398 
22,731 
381 

22,350 
— 
22,350 

— 
(43,167) 
— 
(43,167) 
— 

(43,167) 
— 
(43,167) 

$ 

720,709 
633,256 
481,737 
215,731 
240,131 
2,291,564 
254,378 

11,987 
— 

(2,836) 
(70,842) 

4,453 
197,140 
38,305 
158,835 
915 

157,920 
1,080 
156,840 

(in thousands)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric Light

Maui 
Electric

Consolidating 
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

Net income for common stock

$  156,840 

20,817 

22,350 

(43,167) 

$ 

156,840 

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Retirement benefit plans:

Net gains (losses) arising during the period, net of 

taxes

Adjustment for amortization of prior service credit 

and net losses recognized during the period in net 
periodic benefit cost, net of tax benefits

Reclassification adjustment for impact of D&Os of 
the PUC included in regulatory assets, net of taxes

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Comprehensive income attributable to common 

shareholder

5,249 

373 

(204) 

(169)  [1]

5,249 

9,550 

1,455 

1,182 

(2,637)  [1]

9,550 

(16,177) 

(1,378) 

(1,840) 

(1,152) 

2,992  [1]

(12) 

(174) 

186 

(16,177) 

(1,378) 

$  155,462 

20,805 

22,176 

(42,981) 

$ 

155,462 

121

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Consolidating balance sheet
December 31, 2021 

(in thousands)

Assets
Property, plant and equipment

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian Electric
Consolidated

Utility property, plant and equipment

Land
Plant and equipment
Less accumulated depreciation
Construction in progress

Utility property, plant and equipment, net
Nonutility property, plant and equipment, less 

accumulated depreciation 

42,737 
$ 
  5,097,033 
  (1,757,096) 
159,854 
  3,542,528 

5,606 
1,390,361 
(619,991) 
17,129 
793,105 

3,594 
  1,248,589 
(563,430) 
27,586 
716,339 

5,302 

115 

1,532 

Total property, plant and equipment, net
Investment in wholly-owned subsidiaries, at equity

  3,547,830 

793,220 

717,871 

676,237 

— 

— 

Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Advances to affiliates

Customer accounts receivable, net

Accrued unbilled revenues, net

Other accounts receivable, net

Fuel oil stock, at average cost

Materials and supplies, at average cost

Prepayments and other

Regulatory assets

Total current assets

Other long-term assets

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Regulatory assets

Other

Total other long-term assets
Total assets

Capitalization and liabilities
Capitalization

Common stock equity
Cumulative preferred stock–not subject to 

mandatory redemption

Long-term debt, net

Total capitalization

Current liabilities

Current portion of operating lease liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt, net

Short-term borrowings-affiliate
Accounts payable
Interest and preferred dividends payable
Taxes accrued, including revenue taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Other

Total current liabilities

Deferred credits and other liabilities

Operating lease liabilities
Deferred income taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Unamortized tax credits
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement 

benefit plans liability

Other

Total deferred credits and other liabilities
Total capitalization and liabilities

23,344 

3,089 

1,000 

135,949 
92,469 

18,624 

71,184 

42,006 

32,140 

58,695 

5,326 

23,422 

— 

— 

28,469 
19,529 

3,347 

12,814 

9,727 

6,052 

3,051 

— 

— 

22,441 
17,157 

3,031 

20,080 

20,144 

7,114 

4,918 

478,500 

88,315 

118,307 

78,710 

337,903 
130,546 
547,159 
$  5,249,726 

22,442 

81,645 
17,124 
121,211 
1,002,746 

318 

79,331 
18,510 
98,159 
934,337 

$  2,261,899 

332,900 

343,260 

22,293 
  1,136,620 
  3,420,812 

7,000 
234,390 
574,290 

5,000 
253,417 
601,677 

45,955 
39,981 
— 
111,024 
12,442 
143,723 
22,240 
56,752 
432,117 

46,426 
291,027 
695,152 
76,201 

220,480 
67,511 
  1,396,797 
$  5,249,726 

35 
— 
— 
22,844 
2,269 
30,679 
4,273 
18,540 
78,640 

291 
64,309 
92,589 
13,532 

53,257 
30,042 
254,020 
934,337 

3,378 
11,994 
1,000 
26,139 
2,617 
33,153 
3,247 
14,158 
95,686 

19,063 
53,298 
179,267 
14,212 

48,900 
18,030 
332,770 
1,002,746 

122

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

77 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

77 

— 

— 
— 
— 
77 

77 

— 
— 
77 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
77 

$ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

(676,237)  [2]

— 

— 

(1,000)  [1]

— 
— 

(17,735)  [1]

— 

— 

725  [1]

— 

(18,010) 

51,937 
7,735,983 
(2,940,517) 
204,569 
5,051,972 

6,949 

5,058,921 

— 

52,169 

3,089 

— 

186,859 
129,155 

7,267 

104,078 

71,877 

46,031 

66,664 

667,189 

— 

— 
(1,014)  [1]
(1,014) 
(695,261) 

$ 

101,470 

498,879 
165,166 
765,515 
6,491,625 

(676,237)  [2]

$ 

2,261,899 

— 
— 
(676,237) 

— 
— 
(1,000)  [1]
— 
(3)  [1]
725  [1]
— 
(17,881)  [1]
(18,159) 

— 
— 
— 
— 

34,293 
1,624,427 
3,920,619 

49,368 
51,975 
— 
160,007 
17,325 
208,280 
29,760 
71,569 
588,284 

65,780 
408,634 
967,008 
103,945 

(857)  [1]
(8) 
(865) 
(695,261) 

$ 

321,780 
115,575 
1,982,722 
6,491,625 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian Electric
Consolidated

Consolidating balance sheet
December 31, 2020

(in thousands)
Assets
Property, plant and equipment

Utility property, plant and equipment

Land

Plant and equipment

Less accumulated depreciation

Construction in progress

Utility property, plant and equipment, net
Nonutility property, plant and equipment, less 

accumulated depreciation

Total property, plant and equipment, net
Investment in wholly-owned subsidiaries, at equity
Current assets

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Advances to affiliates
Customer accounts receivable, net
Accrued unbilled revenues, net
Other accounts receivable, net
Fuel oil stock, at average cost
Materials and supplies, at average cost
Prepayments and other
Regulatory assets

Total current assets
Other long-term assets

Operating lease right-of-use assets
Regulatory assets

Other

Total other long-term assets

Total assets

Capitalization and liabilities

Capitalization

Common stock equity
Cumulative preferred stock–not subject to mandatory 

redemption

Long-term debt, net

Total capitalization

Current liabilities

$ 

42,411 

  4,960,470 

5,606 

3,594 

1,352,885 

  1,195,988 

  (1,677,256) 

(597,606) 

  (544,217) 

143,616 

13,043 

31,683 

  3,469,241 

773,928 

  687,048 

5,306 
  3,474,547 
626,890 

115 
774,043 
— 

1,532 
  688,580 
— 

42,205 
15,966 
26,700 
102,736 
73,628 
17,984 
38,777 
38,786 
34,306 
22,095 
413,183 

125,858 
513,192 

98,307 

737,357 

3,046 
— 
— 
23,989 
13,631 
3,028 
8,471 
9,896 
5,197 
1,954 
69,212 

2,032 
— 
— 
21,107 
13,777 
2,856 
10,990 
18,662 
4,580 
6,386 
80,390 

1,443 
114,461 

17,992 

353 
  108,620 

20,010 

133,896 

  128,983 

$  5,251,977 

977,151 

  897,953 

$  2,141,918 

317,451 

  309,363 

22,293 
  1,116,426 

  3,280,637 

7,000 
216,447 

5,000 
  228,429 

540,898 

  542,792 

Current portion of operating lease liabilities
Short-term borrowings-non-affiliate
Short-term borrowings-affiliate
Accounts payable
Interest and preferred dividends payable

Taxes accrued, including revenue taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Other

Total current liabilities

Deferred credits and other liabilities

Operating lease liabilities
Deferred income taxes
Regulatory liabilities
Unamortized tax credits
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement 

benefit plans liability

Other

Total deferred credits and other liabilities

Total capitalization and liabilities

64,599 
49,979 
— 
97,102 
14,480 
135,018 
20,224 
57,926 
439,328 

67,824 
282,685 
656,270 
82,563 

373,112 

69,558 
  1,532,012 

$  5,251,977 

98 
— 
18,800 
19,570 
3,138 
29,869 
8,785 
13,851 
94,111 

1,344 
54,108 
173,938 
15,363 

77,679 

19,710 
342,142 

33 
— 
7,900 
17,177 
2,790 
27,637 
8,292 
18,621 
82,450 

326 
61,005 
92,277 
13,989 

79,741 

25,373 
  272,711 

977,151 

  897,953 

123

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

77 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
77 

— 
— 

— 

— 

77 

77 

— 
— 

77 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

77 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
(626,890)  [2]

— 
— 
(26,700)  [1]
— 
— 
(16,195)  [1]
— 
— 
— 
— 
(42,895) 

— 
— 

— 

— 

$ 

51,611 

7,509,343 

(2,819,079) 

188,342 

4,930,217 

6,953 
4,937,170 
— 

47,360 
15,966 
— 
147,832 
101,036 
7,673 
58,238 
67,344 
44,083 
30,435 
519,967 

127,654 
736,273 

136,309 

1,000,236 

6,457,373 

(669,785) 

$ 

(626,891)  [2]

$ 

2,141,918 

— 
— 

(626,891) 

— 
— 
(26,700)  [1]
— 
(58)  [1]
— 
— 
(16,136)  [1]
(42,894) 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 
— 

(669,785) 

$ 

34,293 
1,561,302 

3,737,513 

64,730 
49,979 
— 
133,849 
20,350 
192,524 
37,301 
74,262 
572,995 

69,494 
397,798 
922,485 
111,915 

530,532 

114,641 
2,146,865 

6,457,373 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Consolidating statements of changes in common stock equity

(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2018

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Balance, December 31, 2019

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Dissolution of subsidiary

Balance, December 31, 2020

Net income for common stock

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

Issuance of common stock, net of expenses

Common stock dividends

Balance, December 31, 2021

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

$  1,957,641 

295,874 

  280,863 

101 

(576,838)  $  1,957,641 

156,840 

20,817 

22,350 

(1,378) 

35,501 

(12) 

(1) 

(174) 

4,899 

(101,252) 

(17,680) 

(15,068) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(43,167) 

156,840 

186 

(4,898) 

32,748 

(1,378) 

35,501 

(101,252) 

  2,047,352 

298,998 

  292,870 

101 

(591,969) 

2,047,352 

169,340 

27,493 

20,011 

(1,640) 

34,000 

(220) 

7,500 

(134) 

11,000 

(107,134) 

(16,320) 

(14,384) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(24) 

  2,141,918 

317,451 

  309,363 

177,642 

21,180 

24,173 

(361) 

54,400 

66 

227 

8,803 

24,597 

(111,700) 

(14,600) 

(15,100) 

$  2,261,899 

332,900 

  343,260 

77 

— 

— 

— 

— 

77 

(47,504) 

169,340 

354 

(18,500) 

30,704 

24 

(1,640) 

34,000 

(107,134) 

— 

(626,891) 

2,141,918 

(45,353) 

177,642 

(293) 

(33,400) 

29,700 

(361) 

54,400 

(111,700) 

(676,237)  $  2,261,899 

124

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian Electric
 Consolidated

$  178,722 

21,714 

24,554 

— 

(45,353)  [2]

$ 

179,637 

Consolidating statement of cash flows
Year ended December 31, 2021

(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash 

provided by operating activities

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries

Common stock dividends received from 

subsidiaries

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Other amortization 

Deferred income taxes

State refundable credit

Bad debt expense
Allowance for equity funds used during 
construction

Bill credits

Other
Changes in assets and liabilities:

Increase in accounts receivable

Increase in accrued unbilled revenues

Increase in fuel oil stock

Decrease (increase) in materials and supplies

Decrease (increase) in regulatory assets

Increase (decrease) in regulatory liabilities

Increase in accounts payable 

Change in prepaid and accrued income taxes, tax 
credits and revenue taxes
Decrease in defined benefit pension and other 
postretirement benefit plans liability

Change in other assets and liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities

Capital expenditures 

Advances from affiliates

Other 

Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities

Common stock dividends

Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric and 

subsidiaries

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

Net decrease in short-term borrowings from non-

affiliates and affiliate with original maturities of 
three months or less

Repayment of short-term debt

Other

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and   

restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1  

58,171 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, 

December 31

Less: Restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

26,433 

(3,089) 

$ 

23,344 

(45,353) 

29,700 

155,607 

16,688 

(3,191) 

(7,120) 

1,159 

(7,734) 

1,400 

366 

(41,727) 

(18,345) 

(32,407) 

(3,220) 

(15,422) 

16,269 

9,828 

— 

— 

40,201 

3,532 

(1,955) 

(1,672) 

509 

(586) 

300 

(41) 

(6,832) 

(5,816) 

(4,343) 

169 

24 

(1,031) 

4,723 

— 

— 

33,661 

1,517 

1,317 

(1,790) 

515 

(1,214) 

300 

1,025 

(3,071) 

(3,303) 

(9,090) 

(1,482) 

1,524 

120 

3,120 

21,217 

3,861 

1,938 

(3,480) 

(36,733) 

216,224 

(950) 

(5,833) 

45,974 

(724) 

(8,196) 

40,721 

(194,984) 

(50,516) 

(46,500) 

25,700 

(29,596) 

(198,880) 

— 

1,072 

— 

1,073 

(49,444) 

(45,427) 

(111,700) 

(14,600) 

(15,100) 

(1,080) 

54,400 

60,000 

(534) 

(381) 

8,803 

30,000 

24,597 

25,000 

— 

(17,800) 

(7,900) 

(50,000) 

(702) 

(49,082) 

(31,738) 

— 

(119) 

5,750 

2,280 

3,046 

5,326 

— 

5,326 

— 

(120) 

26,096 

21,390 

2,032 

23,422 

— 

23,422 

125

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

77 

77 

— 

77 

45,353  [2]

(29,700)  [2]

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,540  [1]

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(86)  [1]

— 

(1,540)  [1]

(29,786) 

— 

(25,700)  [1]

33,486  [1],[2]

7,786 

— 

— 

229,469 

21,737 

(3,829) 

(10,582) 

2,183 

(9,534) 

2,000 

1,350 

(50,090) 

(27,464) 

(45,840) 

(4,533) 

(13,874) 

15,358 

17,671 

26,930 

(5,154) 

(52,302) 

273,133 

(292,000) 

— 

6,035 

(285,965) 

29,700  [2]

(111,700) 

— 

(33,400)  [2]

— 

25,700  [1]

— 

— 

22,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,995) 

54,400 

115,000 

— 

(50,000) 

(941) 

4,764 

(8,068) 

63,326 

55,258 

(3,089) 

52,169 

$ 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Consolidating statement of cash flows
Year ended December 31, 2020

(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric 
Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

Net income 

$  170,420 

28,027 

20,392 

— 

(47,504)  [2]

$ 

171,335 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash 

provided by operating activities

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
Common stock dividends received from 

subsidiaries

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Other amortization

Deferred income taxes

State refundable credit

Bad debt expense

Allowance for equity funds used during 

construction

Accrued environmental reserve
Other

Changes in assets and liabilities:

Increase in accounts receivable

Decrease in accrued unbilled revenues

Decrease in fuel oil stock

Increase in materials and supplies

Decrease (increase) in regulatory assets

Decrease in regulatory liabilities

Decrease in accounts payable 

(47,504) 

30,704 

151,387 

24,511 

2,130 

(6,668) 

1,042 

(7,335) 
6,556 
1,201 

(8,093) 

8,832 

30,226 

(3,910) 

8,526 

(5,490) 

(26,093) 

— 

— 

39,041 

5,090 

(463) 

(1,593) 

620 

(543) 
— 
1,322 

— 

— 

32,305 

4,145 

1,484 

(1,700) 

453 

(890) 
— 
87 

(3,349) 

(1,343) 

3,327 

430 

(1,583) 

(2,908) 

(4,489) 

(1,819) 

3,126 

3,043 

(1,149) 

(4,611) 

(6,583) 

(5,217) 

Change in prepaid and accrued income taxes, tax 

credits and revenue taxes

Decrease in defined benefit pension and other 

postretirement benefit plans liability

Change in other assets and liabilities 

Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities

Capital expenditures 

Advances from affiliates

Other 
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

(25,757) 

(5,483) 

(5,998) 

(3,092) 

(21,124) 

280,469 

(643) 

(8,864) 

46,120 

(571) 

3,635 

40,608 

(229,127) 

(64,346) 

(57,391) 

1,000 
(14,340) 

8,000 
1,032 

— 
960 

(242,467) 

(55,314) 

(56,431) 

Common stock dividends

(107,134) 

(16,320) 

(14,384) 

Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric and 

subsidiaries

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock

Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt

Repayment of long-term debt

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings 
from non-affiliates and affiliate with original 
maturities of three months or less

Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt

Repayment of short-term debt

Other
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and   

restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, 

December 31
Less: Restricted cash

(1,080) 

34,000 

205,000 

(95,000) 

(46,987) 

100,000 

(100,000) 
(1,618) 

(12,819) 

25,183 

32,988 

58,171 

(15,966) 

Cash and cash equivalents, December 31
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

$ 

42,205 

(534) 

(381) 

7,500 

10,000 

(14,000) 

11,000 

40,000 

— 

18,800 

(19,800) 

— 

— 
(214) 

— 

— 
(377) 

5,232 

16,058 

235 

1,797 

2,032 

— 

2,032 

(3,962) 

7,008 

3,046 

— 

3,046 

126

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
(24) 

(24) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

(24) 

101 

77 

— 

77 

47,504  [2]

(30,704)  [2]

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

5,499  [1]

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

58  [1]

— 

(5,499)  [1]

(30,646) 

— 

— 

222,733 

33,746 

3,151 

(9,961) 

2,115 

(8,768) 
6,556 
2,610 

(7,286) 

15,285 

33,699 

(6,642) 

1,007 

(16,562) 

(33,129) 

(37,180) 

(4,306) 

(31,852) 

336,551 

— 

(9,000)  [1]
18,442  [1],[2]

9,442 

(350,864) 

— 
6,070 

(344,794) 

30,704  [2]

(107,134) 

— 

(18,500)  [2]

— 

— 

9,000  [1]

— 

— 
— 

21,204 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,995) 

34,000 

255,000 

(109,000) 

(38,987) 

100,000 

(100,000) 
(2,209) 

29,675 

21,432 

41,894 

63,326 

(15,966) 

$ 

47,360 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Hawaiian 
Electric

Hawaii 
Electric Light

Maui 
Electric

Other 
subsidiaries

Consolidating
adjustments

Hawaiian 
Electric
Consolidated

$  157,920 

21,351 

22,731 

Consolidating statement of cash flows
Year ended December 31, 2019

(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities

Net income 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash 

provided by operating activities

Equity in earnings of subsidiaries
Common stock dividends received from 

subsidiaries

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Other amortization

Deferred income taxes

State refundable credit

Bad debt expense
Allowance for equity funds used during 

construction

Accrued environmental reserve
Other

Changes in assets and liabilities:
Decrease in accounts receivable

Decrease (increase) in accrued unbilled revenues
Decrease (increase) in fuel oil stock
Decrease (increase) in materials and supplies
Decrease in regulatory assets
Increase (decrease) in regulatory liabilities
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable 
Change in prepaid and accrued income taxes, tax 

credits and revenue taxes

Decrease in defined benefit pension and other 

postretirement benefit plans liability

Change in other assets and liabilities 
Net cash provided by operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities

Capital expenditures 
Advances to affiliates
Other 

Net cash used in investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities

Common stock dividends
Preferred stock dividends of Hawaiian Electric and 

subsidiaries

Proceeds from the issuance of common stock
Proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt

Repayment of long-term debt and funds transferred 

for repayment of long-term debt

Net increase in short-term borrowings from non-

affiliates and affiliate with original maturities of 
three months or less

Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt
Other
Repayment of short-term debt

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and 

restricted cash

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, January 1  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, 

December 31
Less: Restricted cash

(43,204) 

32,783 

143,470 

23,351 

(13,547) 

(6,245) 

1,236 

(9,955) 

406 
27,575 

24,150 
4,902 
(14,741) 
(4,585) 
55,494 
102 
4,687 

— 

— 

41,812 

4,810 

(2,383) 

(559) 

470 

(816) 

— 
(61) 

2,858 
(22) 
2,126 
(1,158) 
9,218 
(1,558) 
(3,160) 

— 

— 

30,449 

1,470 

(354) 

(1,565) 

444 

(1,216) 

— 
(55) 

3,029 
(385) 
613 
245 
6,550 
3,409 
(3,578) 

(24,900) 

(893) 

(3,097) 

(3,033) 
(15,747) 
340,119 

(311,538) 
(27,700) 
5,241 
(333,997) 

(762) 
(6,152) 
65,121 

(49,811) 
(8,000) 
297 
(57,514) 

(653) 
(6,940) 
51,097 

(58,549) 
— 
1,303 
(57,246) 

(101,252) 

(17,680) 

(15,068) 

(1,080) 

35,500 

190,000 

(534) 

— 

72,500 

(381) 

4,900 

17,500 

(183,546) 

(70,000) 

(30,000) 

46,987 

75,000 
(1,475) 

(50,000) 

10,134 

16,256 

16,732 

32,988 

(30,749) 

— 

— 
(508) 

— 

27,700 

— 
(126) 

— 

(16,222) 

4,525 

(8,615) 

15,623 

7,008 

(123) 

6,885 

(1,624) 

3,421 

1,797 

— 

1,797 

Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

$ 

2,239 

Explanation of consolidating adjustments on consolidating schedules:

[1]  Eliminations of intercompany receivables and payables and other intercompany transactions
[2]  Elimination of investment in subsidiaries, carried at equity

127

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

101 

101 

— 

101 

(43,167)  [2]

$ 

158,835 

43,167  [2]

(32,748)  [2]

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

(11,215)  [1]
— 
— 
— 
— 

— 

367  [1]

— 
11,215  [1]
(32,381) 

(37) 

35 

215,731 

29,631 

(16,284) 

(8,369) 

2,150 

(11,987) 

406 
27,459 

18,822 
4,495 
(12,002) 
(5,498) 
71,262 
1,953 
(2,051) 

(28,523) 

(4,448) 
(17,624) 
423,956 

— 
35,700  [1]
4,533  [1][2]

40,233 

(419,898) 
— 
11,374 
(408,524) 

32,748  [2]

(101,252) 

— 

(4,900)  [2]

— 

— 

(35,700)  [1]

— 
— 

— 

(7,852) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,995) 

35,500 

280,000 

(283,546) 

38,987 

75,000 
(2,109) 

(50,000) 

(9,415) 

6,017 

35,877 

41,894 

(30,872) 

$ 

11,022 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 4· Bank segment (HEI only)
Selected financial information
American Savings Bank, F.S.B.
Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income Data

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)
Interest and dividend income

Interest and fees on loans

Interest and dividends on investment securities

Total interest and dividend income

Interest expense

Interest on deposit liabilities

Interest on other borrowings

Total interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for credit losses

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

Noninterest income

Fees from other financial services

Fee income on deposit liabilities

Fee income on other financial products

Bank-owned life insurance

Mortgage banking income

Gain on sale of real estate

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Other income, net

Total noninterest income

Noninterest expense

Compensation and employee benefits

Occupancy

Data processing

Services

Equipment

Office supplies, printing and postage

Marketing

FDIC insurance
Other expense1

Total noninterest expense

Income before income taxes

Income taxes

Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes

Comprehensive income

2021

2020

2019

$ 

198,802  $ 

214,134  $ 

233,632 

43,464 

242,266 

4,981 

59 

5,040 

237,226 

(25,825) 

263,051 

21,225 

16,663 

8,770 

7,318 

9,305 

— 

528 

851 

30,529 

244,663 

10,654 

460 

11,114 

233,549 

50,811 

182,738 

16,447 

16,059 

6,381 

6,483 

23,734 

— 

9,275 

(256) 

64,660 

78,123 

32,922 

266,554 

16,830 

1,610 

18,440 

248,114 

23,480 

224,634 

19,275 

20,877 

6,507 

7,687 

4,943 

10,762 

653 

2,074 

72,778 

113,970 

104,443 

103,009 

20,584 

17,634 

10,327 

9,510 

4,239 

3,870 

3,235 

13,783 

197,152 

130,559 

29,325 

101,234 

(52,728) 

21,573 

14,769 

11,121 

9,001 

4,623 

3,435 

2,342 

20,283 

191,590 

69,271 

11,688 

57,583 

23,608 

21,272 

15,306 

10,239 

8,760 

5,512 

4,490 

1,204 

15,586 

185,378 

112,034 

23,061 

88,973 

29,406 

$ 

48,506  $ 

81,191  $ 

118,379 

1    2021 and 2020 include approximately $0.6 million and $5.1 million of certain direct and incremental COVID-19 related costs, respectively. 

For 2020, these costs include $2.5 million of compensation expense and $2.0 million of enhanced cleaning and sanitation costs.

128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reconciliation to amounts per HEI Consolidated Statements of Income*:

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Interest and dividend income

Noninterest income

Less: Gain on sale of real estate

Less: Gain on sale of investment securities, net

*Revenues-Bank

Total interest expense

Provision for credit losses

Noninterest expense

Less: Retirement defined benefits expense (credit)—other than service costs

Add: Gain on sale of real estate

*Expenses-Bank

*Operating income-Bank

Add back: Retirement defined benefits expense (credit)—other than service costs
Add back: Gain on sale of investment securities, net

2021

2020

2019

$ 

242,266  $ 

244,663  $ 

266,554 

64,660 

— 

528 

306,398 

5,040 

(25,825) 

197,152 

(1,828) 

— 

178,195 

128,203 

(1,828) 

528 

78,123 

— 

9,275 

313,511 

11,114 

50,811 

191,590 

1,813 

— 

251,702 

61,809 

1,813 

9,275 

72,778 

10,762 

653 

327,917 

18,440 

23,480 

185,378 

(472) 

10,762 

217,008 

110,909 

(472) 

653 

Income before income taxes

$ 

130,559  $ 

69,271  $ 

112,034 

129

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Balance Sheets Data

December 31
(in thousands)
Assets
Cash and due from banks
Interest-bearing deposits

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities

Available-for-sale, at fair value
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value of $510,474 and $229,963 at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively)

Stock in Federal Home Loan Bank, at cost
Loans held for investment

Allowance for credit losses

Net loans

Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value
Other
Goodwill

Total assets

Liabilities and shareholder’s equity
Deposit liabilities–noninterest-bearing
Deposit liabilities–interest-bearing
Other borrowings
Other

Total liabilities

Commitments and contingencies
Common stock
Additional paid in capital
Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
     Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities
     Retirement benefit plans

Total shareholder’s equity
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity

$ 

2021

2020

$ 

100,051 
151,189 

251,240 

$ 

178,422 
114,304 

292,726 

  2,574,618 

  1,970,417 

522,270 
10,000 
  5,211,114 
(71,130) 
  5,139,984 
10,404 
590,897 
82,190 
$  9,181,603 

$  2,976,632 
  5,195,580 
88,305 
193,268 
  8,453,785 

1 
353,895 
411,704 

$ 

(37,782)   
727,818 
$  9,181,603 

(32,037) 
(5,745)   

226,947 
8,680 
  5,333,843 
(101,201) 
  5,232,642 
28,275 
554,656 
82,190 
$  8,396,533 

$  2,598,500 
  4,788,457 
89,670 
183,731 
  7,660,358 

1 
351,758 
369,470 

19,986 
(5,040)   

14,946 
736,175 
$  8,396,533 

2021

2020

December 31
(in thousands)
Other assets
Bank-owned life insurance
Premises and equipment, net
Accrued interest receivable
Mortgage servicing rights
Low-income housing investments
Other

Other liabilities
Accrued expenses
Federal and state income taxes payable
Cashier’s checks
Advance payments by borrowers
Other

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

177,566  $ 
202,299 
20,854 
9,950 
110,989 
69,239 
590,897  $ 

87,905  $ 
— 
33,675 
9,994 
61,694 
193,268  $ 

163,265 
206,134 
24,616 
10,020 
83,435 
67,186 
554,656 

62,694 
6,582 
38,011 
10,207 
66,237 
183,731 

130

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Bank-owned life insurance is life insurance purchased by ASB on the lives of certain key employees, with ASB as the 

beneficiary. The insurance is used to fund employee benefits through tax-free income from increases in the cash value of the 
policies and insurance proceeds paid to ASB upon an insured’s death.

Investment securities.  The major components of investment securities were as follows:

Amortized
cost

Gross 
unrealized
gains

Gross 
unrealized
losses

Less than 12 months

12 months or longer

Estimated 
fair value

Number 
of issues

Fair value

Amount

Number 
of issues

Fair value

Amount

Gross unrealized losses

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2021

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and federal 
agency obligations

$  89,714  $ 

803  $ 

(427)  $ 

90,090 

Mortgage-backed securities*   2,482,618 

6,511 

(51,206) 

  2,437,923 

Corporate bonds

Mortgage revenue bonds

30,625 

15,427 

655 

— 

(102) 

— 

31,178 

15,427 

4

120

1

—

$  44,827  $ 

(427)  —

$ 

—  $  — 

 1,845,243 

 (38,321) 

18

  271,012 

  (12,885) 

12,780 

(102)  —

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

$  271,012  $ (12,885) 

—

18

$ 2,618,384  $ 

7,969  $  (51,735)  $ 2,574,618 

125

$ 1,902,850  $ (38,850) 

Held-to-maturity

US Treasury and Federal 
agency obligations

$  59,871  $ 

168  $ 

(170)  $ 

59,869 

Mortgage-backed securities*   462,399 

1,480 

(13,274) 

450,605 

$  522,270  $ 

1,648  $  (13,444)  $  510,474 

December 31, 2020

Available-for-sale

U.S. Treasury and federal 
agency obligations

$  60,260  $ 

2,062  $ 

—  $ 

62,322 

Mortgage-backed securities*   1,825,893 

Corporate bonds

Mortgage revenue bonds

29,776 

27,185 

26,817 

1,575 

— 

(3,151) 

  1,849,559 

— 

— 

31,351 

27,185 

$ 1,943,114  $  30,454  $ 

(3,151)  $ 1,970,417 

Held-to-maturity

Mortgage-backed securities* $  226,947  $ 

3,846  $ 

(830)  $  229,963 

$  226,947  $ 

3,846  $ 

(830)  $  229,963 

*  Issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies

2

22

24

—

22

—

—

22

7

7

$  39,594  $ 

(170)  —

$ 

—  $  — 

  290,883 

  (7,665) 

$ 330,477  $ (7,835) 

7

7

  106,483 

(5,609) 

$  106,483  $  (5,609) 

$ 

—  $  — 

—

$ 

—  $  — 

  373,924 

  (3,151)  —

— 

— 

— 

— 

—

—

$ 373,924  $ (3,151)  —

$ 114,152  $ 

(830)  —

$ 114,152  $ 

(830)  —

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

—  $  — 

—  $  — 

—  $  — 

ASB does not believe that the investment securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2021, 
represent a credit loss. Total gross unrealized losses were primarily attributable to change in market conditions. On a quarterly 
basis the investment securities are evaluated for changes in financial condition of the issuer. Based upon ASB’s evaluation, all 
securities held within the investment portfolio continue to be investment grade by one or more agencies. The contractual cash 
flows of the U.S. Treasury, federal agency obligations and agency mortgage-backed securities are backed by the full faith and 
credit guaranty of the United States government or an agency of the government. ASB does not intend to sell the securities 
before the recovery of its amortized cost basis and there have been no adverse changes in the timing of the contractual cash 
flows for the securities. ASB’s investment securities portfolio did not require an allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 
2021.

U.S. Treasury, federal agency obligations, corporate bonds, and mortgage revenue bonds have contractual terms to 
maturity. Mortgage-backed securities have contractual terms to maturity, but require periodic payments to reduce principal. In 
addition, expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to prepay the underlying 
mortgages.

131

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The contractual maturities of investment securities were as follows:

December 31, 2021

(in thousands)

Available-for-sale

Due in one year or less

Due after one year through five years

Due after five years through ten years

Due after ten years

Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies

Total available-for-sale securities

Held-to-maturity

Due in one year or less

Due after one year through five years

Due after five years through ten years

Due after ten years

Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies

Total held-to-maturity securities

Amortized

Cost

Fair

value

$ 

15,055  $ 

15,298 

62,461 

58,250 

— 

63,256 

58,141 

— 

135,766 

136,695 

  2,482,618 

  2,437,923 

$  2,618,384  $  2,574,618 

$ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

59,871 

59,869 

— 

— 

59,871 

59,869 

462,399 

450,605 

$  522,270  $  510,474 

The proceeds, gross gains and losses from sales of available-for-sale securities were as follows:

Years ended December 31

2021

2020

2019

(in thousands)

Proceeds 

Gross gains 

Gross losses

Interest income from taxable and non-taxable investment securities were as follows:

Years ended December 31

(in thousands)

Taxable 

Non-taxable

$  197,354  $  169,157  $  19,810 

975 

(447) 

9,275 

— 

653 

— 

2021

2020

2019

$  42,534  $  29,760  $  31,848 

930 

769 

1,074 

$  43,464  $  30,529  $  32,922 

ASB pledged securities with a market value of approximately $416 million and $353 million as of December 31, 2021 and 
2020, respectively, as collateral for public funds and other deposits, mortgage pipeline hedge margin, automated clearinghouse 
transactions, The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Discount Window and bankruptcy account, and The Federal Home 
Loan Bank of Des Moines advance line. In addition, ASB pledged securities with a market value of $161 million and $92 
million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

Stock in FHLB.  As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB’s stock in FHLB was carried at cost ($10.0 million and $8.7 
million, respectively) because it can only be redeemed at par and it is a required investment based on measurements of ASB’s 
capital, assets and borrowing levels.

Quarterly and as conditions warrant, ASB reviews its investment in the stock of the FHLB for impairment. ASB evaluated 

its investment in FHLB stock for credit losses as of December 31, 2021, consistent with its accounting policy. ASB did not 
recognize any credit losses for 2021, 2020 and 2019 based on its evaluation of the underlying investment.

Future deterioration in the FHLB’s financial position and/or negative developments in any of the factors considered in 

ASB’s impairment evaluation may result in future impairment losses.

132

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Loans.  The components of loans were summarized as follows:

December 31

(in thousands)

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Total real estate

Commercial

Consumer

Total loans

Less:  Deferred fees and discounts

Allowance for credit losses

Total loans, net

2021

2020

$ 

2,299,212  $ 

2,144,239 

1,056,982 

835,663 

19,859 

91,080 

11,138 

983,865 

963,578 

15,617 

121,424 

11,022 

4,313,934 

4,239,745 

793,304 

113,966 

936,748 

168,733 

5,221,204 

5,345,226 

(10,090) 

(71,130) 

(11,383) 

(101,201) 

$ 

5,139,984  $ 

5,232,642 

ASB’s policy is to require private mortgage insurance on all real estate loans when the loan-to-value ratio of the property 
exceeds 80% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination. For non-owner occupied residential property 
purchases, the loan-to-value ratio may not exceed 75% of the lower of the appraised value or purchase price at origination.

ASB services real estate loans for investors (principal balance of $1.5 billion, $1.5 billion and $1.3 billion as of 
December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively), which are not included in the accompanying balance sheets data. ASB 
reports fees earned for servicing such loans as income when the related mortgage loan payments are collected and charges loan 
servicing cost to expense as incurred. 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB had pledged loans with an amortized cost of approximately $2.8 billion and $3.0 

billion, respectively, as collateral to secure advances from the FHLB.

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the aggregate amount of loans to directors and executive officers of ASB and its 
affiliates and any related interests (as defined in Federal Reserve Board (FRB) Regulation O) of such individuals, was $13.1 
million and $13.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, there was a loan to a related interest of a director 
of ASB for $10.0 million. The loan was made at ASB’s normal credit terms.

133

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Allowance for credit losses.  As discussed in Note 1, ASB must maintain an allowance for credit losses that is adequate to 
absorb estimated expected credit losses associated with its loan portfolio. 

The allowance for credit losses (balances and changes) and financing receivables by portfolio segment were as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2021

Allowance for credit losses:

Residential 
1-4 family

Commercial
real estate

Home equity
line of credit

Residential 
land

Commercial 
construction

Residential 
construction

Commercial

Consumer

Total

Beginning balance

$ 

4,600 

$  35,607 

$ 

6,813 

$ 

609 

$ 

4,149 

$ 

Charge-offs

Recoveries

Net (charge-offs) recoveries

Provision

Ending balance

(67) 

92 

25 

— 

— 

— 

(45) 

113 

68 

— 

61 

61 

— 

— 

— 

1,920 

(10,911) 

(1,224) 

(24) 

(1,963) 

$ 

6,545 

$  24,696 

$ 

5,657 

$ 

646 

$ 

2,186 

$ 

11 

— 

— 

— 

7 

18 

$  25,462 

$ 23,950 

$  101,201 

(1,561) 

  (8,027) 

1,468 

  4,320 

(93) 

  (3,707) 

(9,700) 

6,054 

(3,646) 

(9,571) 

  (4,659) 

(26,425) 

$  15,798 

$ 15,584 

$  71,130 

Average loans outstanding

$ 2,155,322 

$ 1,046,276 

$  885,759 

$  18,227 

$  111,711 

$  11,361 

$ 856,226 

$ 135,609 

$ 5,220,491 

 — %

 —% 

 (0.01%) 

 (0.33%) 

 —% 

 —% 

 0.01% 

 2.73% 

 0.07% 

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average 
loans

December 31, 2020

Allowance for credit losses:

Beginning balance, prior to adoption of 
ASU No. 2016-13

$ 

2,380 

$  15,053 

$ 

6,922 

$ 

449 

$ 

2,097 

$ 

Impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13

2,150 

Charge-offs

Recoveries

Net (charge-offs) recoveries

(7) 

394 

387 

208 

— 

— 

— 

Provision

Ending balance

(317) 

20,346 

$ 

4,600 

$  35,607 

$ 

6,813 

$ 

(541) 

(77) 

63 

(14) 

446 

(64) 

(351) 

38 

(313) 

537 

609 

289 

— 

— 

— 

1,763 

4,149 

$ 

3 

14 

— 

— 

— 

(6) 

11 

$  10,245 

$ 16,206 

$  53,355 

922 

  16,463 

19,441 

(5,819) 

  (19,900) 

(26,154) 

872 

  3,381 

4,748 

(4,947) 

  (16,519) 

(21,406) 

19,242 

  7,800 

49,811 

$  25,462 

$ 23,950 

$  101,201 

Average loans outstanding

$ 2,148,848 

$ 861,096 

$ 1,060,444 

$  13,799 

93,740 

$  10,703 

$ 935,663 

$ 215,994 

$ 5,340,287 

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average 
loans

December 31, 2019

Allowance for credit losses:

 (0.02) %

 —% 

 —% 

 2.27% 

 —% 

 —% 

 0.53% 

 7.65% 

 0.40% 

Beginning balance

$ 

1,976 

$  14,505 

$ 

6,371 

$ 

479 

$ 

2,790 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

— 

— 

— 

(693) 

2,097 

$ 

4 

— 

— 

— 

(1) 

3 

$ 

9,225 

$ 16,769 

$  52,119 

(6,811) 

  (21,677) 

(28,662) 

2,351 

  2,967 

6,418 

(4,460) 

  (18,710) 

(22,244) 

5,480 

  18,147 

23,480 

$  10,245 

$ 16,206 

$  53,355 

81,937 

$  10,513 

$ 620,206 

$ 270,340 

$ 4,986,830 

 —% 

 —% 

 0.72% 

 6.92% 

 0.45% 

— 

2,097 

$ 

$ 

— 

$ 

1,015 

$ 

454 

$ 

2,691 

3 

$ 

9,230 

$ 15,752 

$  50,664 

Charge-offs

Recoveries

Net (charge-offs) recoveries

Provision

Ending balance

(26) 

854 

828 

(424) 

— 

— 

— 

548 

(144) 

17 

(127) 

678 

(4) 

229 

225 

(255) 

$ 

2,380 

$  15,053 

$ 

6,922 

$ 

449 

Average loans outstanding

$ 2,164,759 

$ 781,531 

$ 1,043,479 

$  14,065 

 (0.04) %

 —% 

 0.01% 

 (1.60%) 

$ 

898 

$ 

2 

$ 

322 

$ 

1,482 

$  15,051 

$ 

6,600 

$ 

$ 

— 

449 

Net charge-offs (recoveries) to average 
loans

Ending balance: individually evaluated 
for impairment

Ending balance: collectively evaluated 
for impairment

Financing Receivables:

Ending balance

Ending balance: individually evaluated 
for impairment

Ending balance: collectively evaluated 
for impairment

$ 2,178,135 

$ 824,830 

$ 1,092,125 

$  14,704 

$ 

70,605 

$  11,670 

$ 670,674 

$ 257,921 

$ 5,120,664 

$  15,600 

$ 

1,048 

$  12,073 

$  3,091 

$ 

— 

$ 

— 

$ 

8,418 

$ 

507 

$  40,737 

$ 2,162,535 

$ 823,782 

$ 1,080,052 

$  11,613 

$ 

70,605 

$  11,670 

$ 662,256 

$ 257,414 

$ 5,079,927 

134

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Allowance for loan commitments. The allowance for loan commitments by portfolio segment were as follows:

(in thousands)
Year ended December 31, 2021
Allowance for loan commitments:
Beginning balance

Provision

Ending balance
Ending balance

Year ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for loan commitments:

Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASU No. 2016-13

Impact of adopting ASU No. 2016-13
Provision

Ending balance

Home equity
 line of credit

Commercial 
construction

Commercial 
loans

Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

300 
100 
400 

$ 

$ 
$ 

3,000  $ 
700 
3,700  $ 
3,700 

1,000  $ 
(200)   
800  $ 
$ 

4,300 
600 
4,900 
4,900 

392 

$ 

931  $ 

418  $ 

(92) 
— 
300 

$ 

1,745 
324 
3,000  $ 

(94)   
676 
1,000  $ 

1,741 

1,559 
1,000 
4,300 

Credit quality.  ASB performs an internal loan review and grading on an ongoing basis. The review provides management 

with periodic information as to the quality of the loan portfolio and effectiveness of its lending policies and procedures. The 
objectives of the loan review and grading procedures are to identify, in a timely manner, existing or emerging credit trends so 
that appropriate steps can be initiated to manage risk and avoid or minimize future losses. Loans subject to grading include 
commercial, commercial real estate and commercial construction loans. 

Each commercial and commercial real estate loan is assigned an Asset Quality Rating (AQR) reflecting the likelihood of 
repayment or orderly liquidation of that loan transaction pursuant to regulatory credit classifications:  Pass, Special Mention, 
Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. The AQR is a function of the probability of default model rating, the loss given default, and 
possible non-model factors which impact the ultimate collectability of the loan such as character of the business owner/
guarantor, interim period performance, litigation, tax liens and major changes in business and economic conditions. Pass 
exposures generally are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the asset or 
underlying collateral. Special Mention loans have potential weaknesses that, if left uncorrected, could jeopardize the liquidation 
of the debt. Substandard loans have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and are characterized by 
the distinct possibility that ASB may sustain some loss. An asset classified Doubtful has the weaknesses of those classified 
Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently 
existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. An asset classified Loss is considered uncollectible 
and has such little value that its continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted.

135

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The credit risk profile by vintage date based on payment activity or internally assigned grade for loans was as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2021

Residential 1-4 family

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past due

Home equity line of credit

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past due

Residential land

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past due

Residential construction

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past due

Consumer

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past due

Commercial real estate

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard
Doubtful

Commercial construction

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Commercial

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Term Loans by Origination Year

2021

2020

2019

2018

2017

Prior

Revolving Loans

Revolving 
loans

Converted 
to term 
loans

Total

$  791,758  $  461,683  $  133,345  $  64,421  $  124,994  $  712,452  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  2,288,653 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,987 

809 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,210 

1,468 

3,085 

  791,758 

  461,683 

  136,332 

65,230 

  124,994 

  719,215 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3,019 

1,468 

6,072 

  2,299,212 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

10,572 

6,794 

1,116 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

10,572 

6,794 

1,116 

7,856 

3,019 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

7,856 

3,019 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

532 

— 

— 

— 

532 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

37,563 

15,488 

29,383 

10,897 

202 

59 

14 

181 

127 

93 

517 

392 

387 

234 

183 

192 

37,838 

15,889 

30,679 

11,506 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

267 

— 

— 

— 

267 

263 

— 

— 

— 

263 

302 

15 

8 

27 

352 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

181 

— 

— 

397 

578 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  794,518 

39,116 

833,634 

296 

16 

838 

313 

70 

496 

609 

86 

1,334 

  795,668 

39,995 

835,663 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

19,462 

— 

— 

397 

19,859 

11,138 

— 

— 

— 

11,138 

238 

12,740 

4,157 

110,768 

— 

— 

— 

156 

7 

141 

70 

106 

87 

1,375 

882 

941 

238 

13,044 

4,420 

113,966 

  173,794 

  275,242 

19,600 

3,529 

— 
— 

684 
— 

49,317 

42,935 

13,936 
— 

56,490 

30,870 

1,859 
— 

33,581 

  259,583 

11,602 

20,788 

1,805 
— 

32,824 

28,543 
— 

— 

— 
— 

  193,394 

  279,455 

  106,188 

89,219 

56,174 

  320,950 

11,602 

17,140 

43,261 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

17,140 

43,261 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

11,342 

— 

— 

— 

11,342 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  266,087 

40 

427 

— 

96,963 

27,336 

184 

— 

79,329 

10,071 

3,737 

— 

56,497 

31,019 

66,570 

202 

1,777 

— 

439 

4,457 

— 

8,966 

2,961 

— 

19,337 

— 

— 

— 

19,337 

96,673 

15,303 

7,083 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

859,609 

150,546 

46,827 
— 

  1,056,982 

91,080 

— 

— 

— 

91,080 

15,510 

708,648 

18 

1,655 

— 

62,375 

22,281 

— 

Total loans

$ 1,325,112  $  934,584  $  367,452  $  236,305  $  217,965  $ 1,119,478  $  958,710  $ 

61,598  $  5,221,204 

  266,554 

  124,483 

93,137 

58,476 

35,915 

78,497 

  119,059 

17,183 

793,304 

136

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Term Loans by Origination Year

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Prior

Revolving Loans

Revolving 
loans

Converted 
to term 
loans

Total

$  567,282  $  218,988  $  111,243  $  203,916  $  184,888  $  849,788  $ 

—  $ 

—  $  2,136,105 

— 

— 
— 

— 

476 
— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 
353 

— 

— 
— 

2,629 

2,314 
2,362 

567,282 

  219,464 

  111,243 

  204,269 

  184,888 

  857,093 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

2,629 

2,790 
2,715 

  2,144,239 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

939 

— 

— 

— 

939 

625 

— 

— 

— 

625 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

22 

— 

— 

— 

22 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

272 

702 

— 

300 

1,274 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

  927,106 

33,228 

960,334 

552 

267 

1,463 

298 

75 

589 

850 

342 

2,052 

  929,388 

34,190 

963,578 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

14,615 

702 

— 

300 

15,617 

11,022 

— 

— 

— 

11,022 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

8,357 

3,427 

1,598 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

8,357 

3,427 

1,598 

385 

— 

— 

— 

385 

6,919 

3,093 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

6,919 

3,093 

28,818 

406 

191 

131 

67,159 

1,085 

549 

532 

37,072 

7,207 

293 

348 

18,351 

3,758 

163,006 

727 

427 

409 

155 

165 

119 

4 

3 

7 

— 

— 

— 

138 

97 

262 

29,546 

69,325 

38,635 

7,646 

307 

348 

18,848 

270,603 

10,261 

— 

63,301 

36,405 

14,720 

62,168 

57,952 

4,181 

— 
280,864 

— 
  114,426 

— 
  124,301 

28,432 

33,763 

1,892 

— 
64,087 

68,287 

4,423 

48,094 

57,640 

— 
  127,799 

— 
  261,388 

55,089 

  155,654 

11,000 

14,480 

1,910 

— 

— 

31,965 

26,990 

— 

5,562 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

18,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

16,390 

31,965 

26,990 

18,000 

5,562 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

392,088 

  117,791 

75,533 

29,211 

37,836 

304 

— 

23,087 

7,785 

— 

1,920 

2,043 

— 

6,990 

4,017 

— 

12,520 

30,264 

7,542 

— 

35,770 

13,250 

3,113 

— 

90 

59 

171 

4,078 

— 

— 

— 

— 
— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

11,004 

11,218 

1,928 

— 

2,605 

1,491 

1,631 

168,733 

646,247 

254,762 

82,856 

— 
983,865 

101,514 

19,910 

— 

— 

121,424 

748,437 

155,927 

31,997 

387 

— 

— 

— 
11,000 

22,517 

— 

— 

— 

22,517 

74,520 

31,362 

5,265 

387 

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

Residential 1-4 family

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due
Greater than 89 days past 
Greater than 89 days past due
due
due

Home equity line of credit

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past 
Greater than 89 days past due
due
due

Residential land

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past 
Greater than 89 days past due
due
due

Residential construction

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past 
Greater than 89 days past due
due
due

Consumer

Current

30-59 days past due

60-89 days past due

Greater than 89 days past 
Greater than 89 days past due
due
due

Commercial real estate

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Commercial construction

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Commercial

Pass

Special Mention

Substandard

Doubtful

Total loans

$ 1,339,586  $  590,363  $  382,648  $  335,784  $  368,904  $ 1,172,236  $ 1,093,287  $ 

62,418  $  5,345,226 

430,228 

  148,663 

79,496 

40,218 

50,326 

52,133 

  111,534 

24,150 

936,748 

Revolving loans converted to term loans during 2021 in the commercial, home equity line of credit and consumer 

portfolios were $1.8 million, $16.0 million and $2.7 million, respectively.

137

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The credit risk profile based on payment activity for loans was as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2021

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Total loans

December 31, 2020

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Total loans

30-59
days
past due

60-89
days
past due

Greater
than
90 days

Total
past due

Current

Total
financing
receivables

Recorded
investment>
90 days and
accruing

$ 

3,019  $ 

1,468  $ 

6,072  $  10,559  $  2,288,653  $  2,299,212  $ 

— 

609 

— 

— 

— 

700 

1,375 

— 

86 

— 

— 

— 

313 

882 

— 

1,334 

397 

— 

— 

48 

941 

— 

  1,056,982 

1,056,982 

2,029 

397 

— 

— 

1,061 

3,198 

833,634 

835,663 

19,462 

91,080 

11,138 

792,243 

110,768 

19,859 

91,080 

11,138 

793,304 

113,966 

$ 

5,703  $ 

2,749  $ 

8,792  $  17,244  $  5,203,960  $  5,221,204  $ 

$ 

2,629  $ 

2,790  $ 

2,715  $ 

8,134  $  2,136,105  $  2,144,239  $ 

— 

850 

702 

— 

— 

608 

2,605 

488 

342 

— 

— 

— 

300 

1,491 

— 

2,052 

300 

— 

— 

132 

1,631 

488 

3,244 

1,002 

— 

— 

1,040 

5,727 

983,377 

960,334 

14,615 

121,424 

11,022 

935,708 

163,006 

983,865 

963,578 

15,617 

121,424 

11,022 

936,748 

168,733 

$ 

7,394  $ 

5,411  $ 

6,830  $  19,635  $  5,325,591  $  5,345,226  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

The credit risk profile based on nonaccrual loans were as follows:

(in thousands)

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Total 

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

With a 
Related
ACL

Without a
Related 
ACL

Total

With a 
Related
ACL

Without a
Related 
ACL

Total

$ 

16,045  $ 

3,703  $ 

19,748  $ 

8,991  $ 

2,835  $ 

11,826 

14,104 

4,227 

97 

— 

— 

1,446 

1,845 

1,221 

1,294 

300 

— 

— 

692 

— 

15,325 

5,521 

397 

— 

— 

2,138 

1,845 

15,847 

5,791 

108 

— 

— 

1,819 

3,935 

2,875 

1,567 

300 

— 

— 

3,328 

— 

18,722 

7,358 

408 

— 

— 

5,147 

3,935 

$ 

37,764  $ 

7,210  $ 

44,974  $ 

36,491  $ 

10,905  $ 

47,396 

138

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The credit risk profile based on loans whose terms have been modified and accruing interest were as follows:

(in thousands)

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

$ 

6,949  $ 

3,055 

6,021 

980 

— 

— 

7,860 

52 

7,932 

3,281 

8,148 

1,555 

— 

— 

6,108 

54 

27,078 

Total troubled debt restructured loans accruing interest

$ 

24,917  $ 

ASB did not recognize interest on nonaccrual loans for 2021, 2020 and 2019.

Troubled debt restructurings.  A loan modification is deemed to be a TDR when the borrower is determined to be 
experiencing financial difficulties and ASB grants a concession it would not otherwise consider. When a borrower experiencing 
financial difficulty fails to make a required payment on a loan or is in imminent default, ASB takes a number of steps to 
improve the collectability of the loan and maximize the likelihood of full repayment. At times, ASB may modify or restructure 
a loan to help a distressed borrower improve its financial position to eventually be able to fully repay the loan, provided the 
borrower has demonstrated both the willingness and the ability to fulfill the modified terms. TDR loans are considered an 
alternative to foreclosure or liquidation with the goal of minimizing losses to ASB and maximizing recovery.

ASB may consider various types of concessions in granting a TDR including maturity date extensions, extended 

amortization of principal, temporary deferral of principal payments, and temporary interest rate reductions. ASB rarely grants 
principal forgiveness in its TDR modifications. Residential loan modifications generally involve interest rate reduction, 
extending the amortization period, or capitalizing certain delinquent amounts owed not to exceed the original loan balance. 
Land loans at origination are typically structured as a three-year term, interest-only monthly payment with a balloon payment 
due at maturity. Land loan TDR modifications typically involve extending the maturity date up to three years and converting 
the payments from interest-only to principal and interest monthly, at the same or higher interest rate. Commercial loan 
modifications generally involve extensions of maturity dates, extending the interest only or amortization period, and temporary 
deferral or reduction of principal payments. ASB generally does not reduce the interest rate on commercial loan TDR 
modifications. Occasionally, additional collateral and/or guaranties are obtained.

The allowance for credit losses on TDR loans that do not share risk characteristics are individually evaluated based on the 
present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective original contractual rate or based on the fair value 
of collateral less cost to sell. The financial impact of the estimated loss is an increase to the allowance associated with the 
modified loan. When available information confirms that specific loans or portions thereof are uncollectible (confirmed losses), 
these amounts are charged off against the allowance for credit losses.

139

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Loan modifications that occurred during 2021, 2020, and 2019 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)

Year ended December 31, 2021

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Year ended December 31, 2020

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Year ended December 31, 2019

  Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial real estate

Home equity line of credit

Residential land

Commercial construction

Residential construction

Commercial

Consumer

Number of contracts

Outstanding recorded 
investment
 (as of period end)1

Related allowance
(as of period end)

14  $ 

8,379  $ 

— 

— 

3 

— 

— 

7 

— 

— 

— 

799 

— 

— 

2,931 

— 

24  $ 

12,109  $ 

1  $ 

6 

3 

4 

— 

— 

54 

— 

144  $ 

20,714 

85 

668 

— 

— 

5,380 

— 

68  $ 

26,991  $ 

11  $ 

1,770  $ 

— 

3 

3 

— 

— 

8 

— 

— 

442 

1,086 

— 

— 

5,523 

— 

442 

— 

— 

38 

— 

— 

205 

— 

685 

6 

4,439 

11 

54 

— 

— 

869 

— 

5,379 

190 

— 

73 

— 

— 

— 

417 

— 

680 
1   The period end balances reflect all paydowns and charge-offs since the modification period. TDRs fully paid off, charged-off, or foreclosed 

8,821  $ 

25  $ 

upon by period end are not included.

140

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default of 90 days or more in 2021, 2020, and 2019 and for which the 

payment default occurred within one year of the modification, were as follows:

Years ended December 31

2021

2020

2019

(dollars in thousands)
Troubled debt restructurings that subsequently defaulted

Number of
 contracts

Recorded
investment

Number of
 contracts

Recorded
investment

Number of
 contracts

Recorded
 investment

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family
Commercial real estate
Home equity line of credit
Residential land
Commercial construction
Residential construction

Commercial
Consumer

1  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
1 
— 
2  $ 

474 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
9 
— 
483 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
—  $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
—  $ 

— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

If a loan modified in a TDR subsequently defaults, ASB evaluates the loan for further impairment. Based on its evaluation, 

adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the 
carrying value of the loan. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers whose loan terms have been modified in a TDR 
totaled nil at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) provides that a financial institution may elect to 
suspend the requirements under GAAP for certain loan modifications that would otherwise be categorized as a TDR and any 
related impairment for accounting purposes.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Board of Governors of the FRB, the FDIC, the National Credit Union 
Administration, the OCC, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, in consultation with the state financial regulators 
(collectively, the “agencies”) issued a joint interagency statement (issued March 22, 2020; revised statement issued April 7, 
2020). Some of the provisions applicable to the Company include, but are not limited to accounting for loan modifications, past 
due reporting and nonaccrual status and charge-offs.

Loan modifications that do not meet the conditions of the CARES Act may still qualify as a modification that does not 
need to be accounted for as a TDR. The agencies confirmed with the FASB staff that short-term modifications made on a good 
faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current prior to any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term 
(e.g., six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or insignificant delays 
in payment. Financial institutions are not expected to designate loans with deferrals granted due to COVID-19 as past due 
because of the deferral. A loan’s payment date is governed by the due date stipulated in the legal agreement. If a financial 
institution agrees to a payment deferral, these loans would not be considered past due during the period of the deferral. Lastly, 
during short-term COVID-19 modifications, these loans generally should not be reported as nonaccrual or as classified.

141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Collateral-dependent loans.  A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty 
and repayment of the loan is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral.

Loans considered collateral-dependent were as follows:

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Amortized 
cost

Collateral type

Amortized 
cost

Collateral type

(in thousands)
Real estate:
   Residential 1-4 family
   Commercial real estate
   Home equity line of credit

 Residential land
     Total real estate
Commercial
     Total 

$ 

$ 

3,493 
1,221 
1,294 
300 
6,308 
692 
7,000 

$ 
 Residential real estate property 
 Commercial real estate property  
 Residential real estate property 
 Residential real estate property

2,541  Residential real estate property
2,875  Commercial real estate property
1,567  Residential real estate property
300  Residential real estate property

 Business assets

7,283 

934  Business assets

$ 

8,217 

ASB had $3.4 million and $3.8 million of consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate property that 

were in the process of foreclosure at December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

142

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The total carrying amount and the total unpaid principal balance of impaired loans and ASB’s average recorded investment 

of, and interest income recognized from, impaired loans were as follows:

December 31

(in thousands)
With no related allowance recorded
Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family
Commercial real estate
Home equity line of credit
Residential land
Commercial construction
Residential construction

Commercial
Consumer

With an allowance recorded
Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family
Commercial real estate
Home equity line of credit
Residential land
Commercial construction
Residential construction

Commercial
Consumer

Total

Real estate:

Residential 1-4 family
Commercial real estate
Home equity line of credit
Residential land
Commercial construction
Residential construction

Commercial
Consumer

Recorded
investment

2019

Unpaid
principal
balance

2019

Related
allowance

Average
recorded
investment

Interest
income
recognized*

$ 

$ 

6,817  $ 
195 
1,984 
3,091 
— 
— 
1,948 
2 
14,037 

8,783 
853 
10,089 
— 
— 
— 
6,470 
505 
26,700 

15,600 
1,048 
12,073 
3,091 
— 
— 
8,418 
507 
40,737  $ 

7,207  $ 
200 
2,135 
3,294 
— 
— 
2,285 
2 
15,123 

8,835 
853 
10,099 
— 
— 
— 
6,470 
505 
26,762 

16,042 
1,053 
12,234 
3,294 
— 
— 
8,755 
507 
41,885  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 

898 
2 
322 
— 
— 
— 
1,015 
454 
2,691 

898 
2 
322 
— 
— 
— 
1,015 
454 
2,691  $ 

8,169  $ 
16 
2,020 
2,662 
— 
— 
4,534 
21 
17,422 

8,390 
886 
11,319 
27 
— 
— 
6,990 
360 
27,972 

16,559 
902 
13,339 
2,689 
— 
— 
11,524 
381 
45,394  $ 

907 
— 
84 
129 
— 
— 
276 
4 
1,400 

359 
37 
567 
— 
— 
— 
132 
24 
1,119 

1,266 
37 
651 
129 
— 
— 
408 
28 
2,519 

*  Since loan was classified as impaired.

Mortgage servicing rights (MSRs).  In its mortgage banking business, ASB sells residential mortgage loans to government-
sponsored entities and other parties, who may issue securities backed by pools of such loans. ASB retains no beneficial interests 
in these loans other than the servicing rights of certain loans sold. 

ASB received $364.8 million, $567.7 million and $277.1 million of proceeds from the sale of residential mortgages in 
2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively, and recognized gains on such sales of $9.3 million, $23.7 million, and $4.9 million in 2021, 
2020, and 2019, respectively. Repurchased mortgage loans were nil for 2021, 2020 and 2019. The repurchase reserve was $0.1 
million as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Mortgage servicing fees, a component of other income, net, were $3.8 million, $3.4 million and $3.0 million for the years 

ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

143

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Changes in the carrying value of MSRs were as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020
1  Reflects impact of loans paid in full.

Gross
carrying amount1

Accumulated 
amortization1

Valuation allowance

Net
carrying amount

$ 

$ 

18,674 

22,950 

$ 

$ 

(8,724) 

(12,670) 

$ 

$ 

—  $ 

(260)  $ 

9,950 

10,020 

Changes related to MSRs were as follows:

(in thousands)

Mortgage servicing rights

Balance, January 1

Amount capitalized

Amortization

Sale of mortgage servicing rights

Other-than-temporary impairment

2021

2020

2019

$ 

10,280  $ 

9,101  $ 

3,404 

(3,734) 

— 

— 

5,096 

(3,917) 

— 

— 

8,062 

2,987 

(1,948) 

— 

— 

Carrying amount before valuation allowance, December 31

9,950 

10,280 

9,101 

Valuation allowance for mortgage servicing rights

Balance, January 1

Provision

Other-than-temporary impairment

Balance, December 31

260 

(260) 

— 

— 

— 

260 

— 

260 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Net carrying value of mortgage servicing rights

$ 

9,950  $ 

10,020  $ 

9,101 

The estimated aggregate amortization expenses of MSRs for 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026 are $1.6 million, $1.3 

million, $1.2 million, $1.0 million and $0.9 million, respectively. 

ASB capitalizes MSRs acquired upon the sale of mortgage loans with servicing rights retained. On a monthly basis, ASB 
compares the net carrying value of the MSRs to its fair value to determine if there are any changes to the valuation allowance 
and/or other-than-temporary impairment for the MSRs.

ASB uses a present value cash flow model to estimate the fair value of MSRs. Impairment is recognized through a 

valuation allowance for each stratum when the carrying amount exceeds fair value, with any associated provision recorded as a 
component of loan servicing fees included in “Revenues - bank” in the consolidated statements of income. A direct write-down 
is recorded when the recoverability of the valuation allowance is deemed to be unrecoverable.

Key assumptions used in estimating the fair value of ASB’s MSRs used in the impairment analysis were as follows:

December 31

(dollars in thousands)

Unpaid principal balance

Weighted average note rate

Weighted average discount rate

Weighted average prepayment speed

2021

2020

$ 

1,481,899 

$ 

1,450,312 

 3.38% 

 9.25% 

 9.77% 

 3.68% 

 9.25% 

 17.70% 

144

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The sensitivity analysis of fair value of MSRs to hypothetical adverse changes of 25 and 50 basis points in certain key 

assumptions was as follows:

December 31

(in thousands)

Prepayment rate:

25 basis points adverse rate change

50 basis points adverse rate change

Discount rate:

25 basis points adverse rate change

50 basis points adverse rate change

2021

2020

$ 

(714)  $ 

(1,608) 

(129) 

(256) 

(738) 

(1,445) 

(68) 

(135) 

The effect of a variation in certain assumptions on fair value is calculated without changing any other assumptions. This 
analysis typically cannot be extrapolated because the relationship of a change in one key assumption to the changes in the fair 
value of MSRs typically is not linear.

Deposit liabilities.  The summarized components of deposit liabilities were as follows:

December 31

(dollars in thousands)
Savings

Checking

Interest-bearing

Noninterest-bearing

Commercial checking

Money market

Time certificates

2021

Weighted-
average 
stated rate

Amount

2020

Weighted-
average 
stated rate

Amount 

 0.03%  $ 

3,234,646 

 0.03%  $ 

2,873,727 

 0.02 

 — 

 — 

 0.06 

 0.67 

1,344,049 

1,472,727 

1,503,905 

192,909 

423,976 

 0.02 

 — 

 — 

 0.09 

 0.99 

1,196,675 

1,329,264 

1,269,236 

169,225 

548,830 

 0.05%  $ 

8,172,212 

 0.09%  $ 

7,386,957 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, time certificates of $250,000 or more totaled $87.6 million and $121.3 million, 

respectively.

The approximate scheduled maturities of time certificates outstanding at December 31, 2021 were as follows:

(in thousands)

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Thereafter

$ 

275,702 

60,049 

47,248 

24,278 

13,736 

2,963 

$ 

423,976 

Overdrawn deposit accounts are classified as loans and totaled $1.3 million and $1.0 million at December 31, 2021 and 

2020, respectively.

145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Interest expense on deposit liabilities by type of deposit was as follows:

Years ended December 31

(in thousands)

Time certificates

Savings

Money market

Interest-bearing checking

Other borrowings.

2021

2020

2019

$ 

3,805  $ 

7,944  $ 

12,675 

802 

132 

242 

1,774 

465 

471 

1,904 

953 

1,298 

$ 

4,981  $ 

10,654  $ 

16,830 

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase.  Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as 
financing transactions and the obligations to repurchase these securities are recorded as liabilities in the consolidated balance 
sheets. ASB pledges investment securities as collateral for securities sold under agreements to repurchase. All such agreements 
are subject to master netting arrangements, which provide for conditional right of set-off in case of default by either party; 
however, ASB presents securities sold under agreements to repurchase on a gross basis in the balance sheet. The following 
tables present information about the securities sold under agreements to repurchase, including the related collateral received 
from or pledged to counterparties:

(in millions)
Repurchase agreements

December 31, 2021
December 31, 2020

(in millions)
Commercial account holders

December 31, 2021

December 31, 2020

Gross amount of
recognized liabilities

Gross amount
 offset in the
 Balance Sheets

Net amount of
 liabilities presented
in the Balance Sheets

$ 

88  $ 
90 

—  $ 
— 

Gross amount not offset in the Balance Sheets

Net amount of 
liabilities presented
in the Balance Sheets

Financial
instruments

Cash
collateral
pledged

$ 

88  $ 

90 

161  $ 

92 

88 
90 

— 

— 

The securities underlying the agreements to repurchase are book-entry securities and were delivered by appropriate entry 

into the counterparties’ accounts or into segregated tri-party custodial accounts at the FHLB. The securities underlying the 
agreements to repurchase continue to be reflected in ASB’s asset accounts. The counterparties or tri-parties may determine that 
additional collateral is required based on movements in the fair value of the collateral. Typically, a five percent discount is 
taken from the fair value of the investment securities to determine the value of the collateral pledged for the repurchase 
agreements.

Information concerning securities sold under agreements to repurchase, which provided for the repurchase of identical 

securities, was as follows:

(dollars in thousands)
Amount outstanding as of December 31

Average amount outstanding during the year

Maximum amount outstanding as of any month-end

Weighted-average interest rate as of December 31

Weighted-average interest rate during the year

Weighted-average remaining days to maturity as of December 31

2021

2020

2019

$  88,305 

$  89,670 

$  115,110 

88,405 

73,738 

79,598 

  129,665 

  100,580 

  115,110 

 0.02% 

 0.02% 

1

 0.02% 

 0.42% 

1

 0.98% 

 0.96% 

1

146

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were summarized as follows:

December 31

Maturity
(dollars in thousands)

Overnight

1 to 29 days

30 to 90 days

Over 90 days

2021

Weighted-
average
interest 
rate

Collateralized by
 mortgage-backed
securities and federal
agency obligations at 
fair value plus
 accrued interest

2020

Repurchase 
liability

Weighted-
average
interest 
rate

Collateralized by
 mortgage-backed
securities and federal
agency obligations at 
fair value plus
 accrued interest

Repurchase 
liability

$ 

88,305 

 0.02%  $ 

160,847  $ 

89,670 

 0.02%  $ 

92,478 

— 

— 

— 

 —% 

 —% 

 —% 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 —% 

 —% 

 —% 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

88,305 

 0.02%  $ 

160,847  $ 

89,670 

 0.02%  $ 

92,478 

Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank.  FHLB advances were nil as of December 31, 2021 and 2020. ASB and the 

FHLB are parties to an Advances, Pledge and Security Agreement (Advances Agreement), which applies to currently 
outstanding and future advances, and governs the terms and conditions under which ASB borrows and the FHLB makes loans 
or advances from time to time. Under the Advances Agreement, ASB agrees to abide by the FHLB’s credit policies, and makes 
certain warranties and representations to the FHLB. Upon the occurrence of and during the continuation of an “Event of 
Default” (which term includes any event of nonpayment of interest or principal of any advance when due or failure to perform 
any promise or obligation under the Advances Agreement or other credit arrangements between the parties), the FHLB may, at 
its option, declare all indebtedness and accrued interest thereon, including any prepayment fees or charges, to be immediately 
due and payable. Advances from the FHLB are collateralized by loans, investment securities and stock in the FHLB. As of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, ASB’s available FHLB borrowing capacity was $2.0 billion, and $2.1 billion, respectively. In 
February 2020, the FHLB of Des Moines notified its members that certain assets, which included high-quality home equity 
lines of credit that were priced off a variable index with a fixed rate option, would no longer qualify as collateral for FHLB 
Advances and effective October 1, 2020, the FHLB of Des Moines no longer accepted the fixed rate portion of any home equity 
lines of credit as collateral. In addition, effective July 13, 2020, the FHLB of Des Moines lowered their Loan to Value (LTV), a 
system-wide percentage applied to eligible pledged collateral to determine borrowing capacity, to reflect ongoing risks in the 
market due to COVID-19. The lower LTV reduced ASB’s collateral value of the existing pledged loans and the borrowing 
capacity. To increase the borrowing capacity at the FHLB of Des Moines, ASB pledged commercial real estate loans and is 
evaluating other assets to pledge as collateral to increase its reserve borrowing capacity with the FHLB. 

ASB is required to obtain and hold a specific number of shares of capital stock of the FHLB. ASB was in compliance with 

all Advances Agreement requirements as of December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Common stock equity.  ASB is regulated and supervised by the OCC. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can 
initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct 
material effect on ASB’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt 
corrective action, ASB must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of ASB’s assets, liabilities, and 
certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are 
also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

The prompt corrective action provisions impose certain restrictions on institutions that are undercapitalized. The 

restrictions imposed become increasingly more severe as an institution’s capital category declines from “undercapitalized” to 
“critically undercapitalized.” The regulators have substantial discretion in the corrective actions that might direct and could 
include restrictions on dividends and other distributions that ASB may make to ASB Hawaii and the requirement that ASB 
develop and implement a plan to restore its capital. In 1988, HEI agreed with the OTS predecessor regulatory agency at the 
time, to contribute additional capital to ASB up to a maximum aggregate amount of approximately $65.1 million (Capital 
Maintenance Agreement). As of December 31, 2021, as a result of capital contributions in prior years, HEI’s maximum 
obligation to contribute additional capital under the Capital Maintenance Agreement has been reduced to approximately $28.3 
million. 

To be categorized as “well capitalized,” ASB must maintain minimum total capital, Tier 1 capital, and Tier 1 leverage 
ratios as set forth in the table below. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, ASB had adopted the community bank leverage 
ratio framework and was only required to comply with Tier 1 leverage ratio. Beginning in the third quarter of 2021, ASB began 
reporting all of the required capital ratios as the Bank did not meet the requirements to use the community bank leverage ratio 

147

 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

framework. As of December 31, 2021, and 2020 ASB was in compliance with the minimum capital requirements under OCC 
regulations, and was categorized as “well capitalized” under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are 
no conditions or events that management believes have changed the institution’s category under the capital guidelines. 

The tables below set forth actual and minimum required capital amounts and ratios:

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2021

Tier 1 leverage

Common equity tier 1

Tier 1 capital

Total capital

December 31, 2020

Tier 1 leverage

Actual

Minimum required

Required to be well 
capitalized

Capital

Ratio

Capital

Ratio

Capital

Ratio

$ 

714,789 

 7.86%  $ 

363,630 

 4.00%  $ 

454,538 

714,789 

714,789 

769,836 

 13.29% 

 13.29% 

 14.31% 

242,072 

322,762 

430,350 

 4.50% 

 6.00% 

 8.00% 

349,659 

430,350 

537,937 

 5.00% 

 6.50% 

 8.00% 

 10.00% 

677,786 

 8.38% 

323,700 

 4.00% 

404,625 

 5.00% 

In 2021, ASB paid cash dividends of $59.0 million to HEI, compared to cash dividends of $31.0 million in 2020. The FRB 

and OCC approved the dividends.

Related-party transactions.  HEI charged ASB $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million for general management and 
administrative services in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The amounts charged by HEI for services performed by HEI 
employees to its subsidiaries are allocated primarily on the basis of time expended in providing such services. All amounts 
charged to ASB were settled as a capital contribution by HEI to ASB.

Derivative financial instruments.  ASB enters into interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs) with borrowers, and forward 
commitments to sell loans or to-be-announced mortgage-backed securities to investors to hedge against the inherent interest rate 
and pricing risks associated with selling loans.

ASB enters into IRLCs for residential mortgage loans, which commit ASB to lend funds to a potential borrower at a 
specific interest rate and within a specified period of time. IRLCs that relate to the origination of mortgage loans that will be 
held for sale are considered derivative financial instruments under applicable accounting guidance. Outstanding IRLCs expose 
ASB to the risk that the price of the mortgage loans underlying the commitments may decline due to increases in mortgage 
interest rates from inception of the rate lock to the funding of the loan. The IRLCs are free-standing derivatives which are 
carried at fair value with changes recorded in mortgage banking income.

ASB enters into forward commitments to hedge the interest rate risk for rate locked mortgage applications in process and 

closed mortgage loans held for sale. These commitments are primarily forward sales of to-be-announced mortgage backed 
securities. Generally, when mortgage loans are closed, the forward commitment is liquidated and replaced with a mandatory 
delivery forward sale of the mortgage to a secondary market investor. In some cases, a best-efforts forward sale agreement is 
utilized as the forward commitment. These commitments are free-standing derivatives which are carried at fair value with 
changes recorded in mortgage banking income.

Changes in the fair value of IRLCs and forward commitments subsequent to inception are based on changes in the fair 
value of the underlying loan resulting from the fulfillment of the commitment and changes in the probability that the loan will 
fund within the terms of the commitment, which is affected primarily by changes in interest rates and the passage of time.

The notional amount and fair value of ASB’s derivative financial instruments were as follows:

December 31
(in thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

Forward commitments

2021

2020

Notional amount

Fair value

Notional amount

Fair value

$ 

39,377  $ 

638  $ 

120,980  $ 

38,000 

(11) 

100,500 

4,536 

(500) 

148

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

ASB’s derivative financial instruments, their fair values, and balance sheet location were as follows:

Derivative Financial Instruments Not Designated
as Hedging Instruments 1

December 31

(in thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

Forward commitments

2021

2020

Asset 
derivatives

Liability 
derivatives

Asset 
derivatives

Liability 
derivatives

$ 

$ 

638  $ 

—  $ 

4,536  $ 

— 

11 

— 

638  $ 

11  $ 

4,536  $ 

— 

500 

500 

1 Asset derivatives are included in other assets and liability derivatives are included in other liabilities in the balance sheets.

The following table presents ASB’s derivative financial instruments and the amount and location of the net gains or losses 

recognized in ASB’s statements of income:

Derivative Financial Instruments Not Designated
as Hedging Instruments 

(in thousands)

Interest rate lock commitments

Forward commitments

Location of net gains
(losses) recognized in
the Statements of Income

Years ended December 31

2021

2020

2019

Mortgage banking income

$ 

(3,898)  $ 

4,239  $ 

206 

Mortgage banking income

489 

(458) 

1 

$ 

(3,409)  $ 

3,781  $ 

207 

Commitments.  Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any 
condition established in the commitments. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and 
may require payment of a fee. Since certain commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total 
commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. ASB minimizes its exposure to loss under these 
commitments by requiring that customers meet certain conditions prior to disbursing funds. The amount of collateral, if any, is 
based on a credit evaluation of the borrower and may include residential real estate, accounts receivable, inventory and 
property, plant and equipment.

Letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by ASB to guarantee payment and performance of a customer to a 
third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities 
to customers. ASB holds collateral supporting those commitments for which collateral is deemed necessary. 

The following is a summary of outstanding off-balance sheet arrangements:

December 31
(in thousands)

Unfunded commitments to extend credit:

Home equity line of credit

Commercial and commercial real estate

Consumer

Residential 1-4 family

Commercial and financial standby letters of credit

Total 

2021

2020

$ 

1,181,496  $ 

1,248,773 

612,158 

62,090 

44,262 

11,723 

574,281 

69,168 

57,862 

13,718 

$ 

1,911,729  $ 

1,963,802 

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation assessment.  The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act 
(Dodd-Frank Act) raised the minimum reserve ratio for the Deposit Insurance Fund to 1.35 percent but required the Federal 
Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to offset the effect of the increase in the minimum reserve ratio on small institutions 
(generally insured depository institutions with total consolidated assets of $10 billion or less) when setting assessments. In 
September 2018, the reserve ratio reached 1.36 percent and the FDIC awarded the small institutions an assessment credit, which 
was applied to a portion of the 2019 and 2020 assessments for these banks. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 
2019 ASB’s FDIC insurance expenses were $3.2 million, $2.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

149

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 5 · Short-term borrowings

Commercial paper and bank term loan.  As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, HEI had $54 million and $65 million of 
commercial paper outstanding, respectively. The weighted-average interest rate of HEI’s outstanding commercial paper, as of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 0.55% and 0.75%, respectively. On April 20, 2020, HEI closed on a $65 million 364-day 
term loan (HEI term loan). The HEI term loan provisions allowed prepayments without penalty. On December 30, 2020, HEI 
paid down $50 million of the term loan using $50 million of proceeds from a private placement drawn on December 29, 2020, 
and on January 29, 2021, HEI paid off the remaining HEI term loan balance of $15 million.

At both December 31, 2021 and 2020, Hawaiian Electric had no commercial paper outstanding. Hawaiian Electric entered 

into a 364-day, $50 million term loan credit agreement, drawing the full $50 million on May 19, 2020. On January 15, 2021, 
Hawaiian Electric paid off the $50 million term loan in conjunction with the terms of the loan credit agreement. The weighted-
average interest rate of Hawaiian Electric’s outstanding commercial paper and bank term loan as of December 31, 2020 was 
1.9%.

As of December 31, 2020, HEI had three letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $6 million, on behalf of 
Hamakua Energy. As of December 31, 2021, HEI had five letters of credit outstanding in the aggregate amount of $10 million 
on behalf of Mauo and Hamakua Energy.

Credit agreements.  On May 14, 2021, HEI and Hawaiian Electric each entered into a separate agreement with a syndicate of 
nine financial institutions (the HEI Facility and Hawaiian Electric Facility, respectively, and together, the Credit Facilities) to 
amend and restate their respective previously existing revolving unsecured credit agreements. The HEI Facility was increased to 
$175 million from $150 million and its term was extended to May 14, 2026. On February 18, 2022, the PUC approved 
Hawaiian Electric’s request to extend the term of the $200 million Hawaiian Electric Facility to May 14, 2026. In addition to 
extending the term, Hawaiian Electric also received PUC approval to exercise its options of two one-year extensions of the 
commitment termination date and to increase its aggregate revolving commitment amount from $200 million to $275 million, 
should there be a need.

None of the facilities are collateralized. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, no amounts were outstanding under the Credit 

Facilities. 

The Credit Facilities will be maintained to support each company’s respective short-term commercial paper program, but 

may be drawn on to meet each company’s respective working capital needs and general corporate purposes.

Under the Credit Facilities, draws generally bear interest, based on each company’s respective current long-term credit 

ratings, at the “Adjusted LIBO Rate,” as defined in the Credit Facilities, plus 137.5 and 125.0 basis points for HEI and 
Hawaiian Electric, respectively, and incur annual fees on undrawn commitments, excluding swingline borrowings, at the rate of 
20.0 and 17.5 basis points for HEI and Hawaiian Electric, respectively. The Credit Facilities also include provisions to 
accommodate a transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) to an alternative reference rate, based on the 
secured overnight financing rate administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, upon the phase out of LIBOR as a 
reference rate.  

Additionally, the Credit Facilities contain provisions for pricing adjustments in the event of a long-term ratings change 
based on the respective Facility’s ratings-based pricing grid, which includes the ratings by Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch), Moody’s 
Investors Service (Moody’s) and S&P Global Ratings (S&P). The Credit Facilities do not contain clauses that would affect 
access to the Credit Facilities by reason of a ratings downgrade, nor do they have broad “material adverse change” clauses. In 
addition, the Credit Facilities contain provisions for potential annual pricing adjustments to the Eurodollar or Alternate Base 
Rate margin on draws and fees on undrawn commitments of up to +/-5 basis points and +/-1 basis point, respectively, based on 
performance against certain sustainability-linked metrics. The sustainability-linked metrics include achievement of renewable 
portfolio standards in excess of statutory requirements and increasing cumulative penetration of installed MWs of photovoltaic 
systems on residential rooftops. 

The Credit Facilities also include updated terms and conditions customary for facilities of this type and contain customary 

conditions that must be met in order to draw on them, including compliance with covenants (such as covenants preventing 
HEI’s and Hawaiian Electric’s respective subsidiaries from entering into agreements that restrict the ability of such subsidiaries 
to pay dividends to, or to repay borrowings from, HEI or Hawaiian Electric, as applicable; and a covenant in Hawaiian 
Electric’s facility restricting Hawaiian Electric’s ability, as well as the ability of any of its subsidiaries, to guarantee additional 
indebtedness of the subsidiaries if such additional debt would cause the subsidiary’s “Consolidated Subsidiary Funded Debt to 
Capitalization Ratio” (as defined in the Hawaiian Electric Facility) to exceed 65%).

150

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Under the HEI Facility, it is an event of default if HEI fails to maintain an unconsolidated “Capitalization Ratio” (funded 
debt) (as defined in the HEI Facility) of 50% or less or if HEI no longer owns Hawaiian Electric or ASB. Under the Hawaiian 
Electric Facility, it is an event of default if Hawaiian Electric fails to maintain a “Consolidated Capitalization Ratio” (equity) 
(as defined in the Hawaiian Electric Facility) of at least 35%, or if Hawaiian Electric is no longer owned by HEI.

Hawaiian Electric had a $75 million 364-day revolving credit agreement, under which no amounts had been drawn. On 

April 19, 2021, the revolving credit agreement expired and was not renewed.
Note 6 · Long-term debt

December 31
(dollars in thousands)
Long-term debt of Utilities, net of unamortized debt issuance costs 1
HEI 5.67% senior notes, due 2021
HEI 2.99% term loan, due 2022
HEI 3.99% senior notes, due 2023
HEI 4.58% senior notes, due 2025
HEI 4.72% senior notes, due 2028
HEI 2.82% senior notes, due 2028
HEI 2.48% senior notes, due 2028
HEI 2.98% senior notes, due 2030
HEI 3.15% senior notes, due 2031
HEI 2.78% senior notes, due 2031
HEI 3.74% senior notes, due 2051
Hamakua Energy 4.02% non-recourse notes, due 20302
Mauo LIBOR + 1.375% loan, due 20233
Mauo 4.90% non-recourse term loan, due 20342
Ka‘ie‘ie Waho 2.79% non-recourse loan, due 20312
Less unamortized debt issuance costs

2021

2020

$  1,676,402  $  1,561,302 
50,000 
150,000 
50,000 
50,000 
100,000 
— 
— 
50,000 
— 
— 
— 

— 
150,000 
50,000 
50,000 
100,000 
24,000 
30,000 
50,000 
51,000 
25,000 
20,000 

52,166 
21,702 

12,686 

56,030 
41,046 

— 

12,145 
(3,164) 

13,000 
(2,249) 
$  2,321,937  $  2,119,129 

1   See components of “Total long-term debt” and unamortized debt issuance costs in Hawaiian Electric and subsidiaries’ Consolidated 

Statements of Capitalization.

2   Secured by real and personal property of the respective entity.
3   In December 2021, the loan was amended to allow advances through October 5, 2022, in the maximum aggregate principal amount of up to 
$50.5 million and extended the required paydown of the loan balance to the lesser of (i) $7 million or (ii) the amount of state renewable tax 
credits not received by October 5, 2022. 

As of December 31, 2021, the aggregate principal payments required on the Company’s long-term debt for 2022 through 

2026 are $223 million in 2022, $163 million in 2023, $6 million in 2024, $104 million in 2025 and $131 million in 2026. As of 
December 31, 2021, the aggregate payments of principal required on the Utilities’ long-term debt for 2022 through 2026 are 
$52 million in 2022, $100 million in 2023, nil in 2024, $47 million in 2025 and $125 million in 2026.

The HEI term loans and senior notes contain customary representation and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants 

and events of default (the occurrence of which may result in some or all of the notes then outstanding becoming immediately 
due and payable). The HEI term loans and senior notes also contain provisions requiring the maintenance by HEI of certain 
financial ratios generally consistent with those in HEI’s existing, amended revolving unsecured credit agreement. Upon a 
change of control or certain dispositions of assets (as defined in the note purchase agreements of the senior notes), HEI is 
required to offer to prepay the senior notes.  

The Utilities’ senior notes contain customary representations and warranties, affirmative and negative covenants, and 
events of default (the occurrence of which may result in some or all of the notes of each and all of the utilities then outstanding 
becoming immediately due and payable) and provisions requiring the maintenance by Hawaiian Electric, and each of Hawaii 
Electric Light and Maui Electric, of certain financial ratios generally consistent with those in Hawaiian Electric’s existing, 
amended revolving unsecured credit agreement.

151

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Changes in long-term debt. 

HEI.  On September 29, 2021, HEI entered into a note purchase agreement (HEI NPA) under which HEI has authorized the 

issue and sale of $125 million of unsecured senior notes to be drawn in two tranches at a future date. On December 29, 2021, 
HEI drew $75 million, and as defined in the note purchase agreement, at its option, HEI may draw the remaining $50 million of 
notes on a delayed basis. The following table displays the draw date for the $75 million draw and the required draw date of the 
remaining $50 million of HEI notes to be issued.  

HEI Series 2021A HEI Series 2021B HEI Series 2021C HEI Series 2022A HEI Series 2022B

Aggregate principal amount

$30 million

$25 million

$20 million

$30 million

$20 million

Fixed coupon interest rate

Maturity date

Final draw date

2.48%

12/29/2028

12/29/2021

2.78%

12/29/2031

12/29/2021

3.74%

12/29/2051

12/29/2021

2.98%

11/15/2032

11/15/2022

3.94%

11/15/2052

11/15/2022

The $75 million in proceeds were primarily used to invest in the Utilities’ equity to support its capital expenditure 
program and maintain a Utilities’ equity capitalization ratio of approximately 58%. The $50 million to be drawn in 2022 is 
expected to be used to refinance a portion of $150 million of maturing debt in November 2022. Once drawn, interest on the 
notes is paid semiannually on June 15th and December 15th. The HEI note purchase agreements contain certain restrictive 
financial covenants that are substantially the same as the financial covenants contained in HEI’s senior credit facility, as 
amended. The HEI notes may be prepaid in whole or in part at any time at the prepayment price of the principal amount, 
together with interest accrued to the date of prepayment plus a “Make-Whole Amount,” as defined in the agreements.

Mauo non-recourse term loan.  On September 3, 2021, Mauo entered into a $24 million credit agreement under which it 

has drawn an aggregate of $13 million under a series of notes. The proceeds were used to refinance a portion of a construction 
loan related to five solar-battery projects. The notes are non-recourse to Pacific Current and HEI, bear interest at LIBOR plus 
1.7%, mature in September 2034, require quarterly principal and monthly interest payments and are collateralized by three 
solar-battery projects. In connection with the non-recourse notes drawn under the credit agreement, Mauo entered into interest 
rate swaps that effectively convert the rate on the floating rate notes to a fixed rate of 4.90%. 

Note 7 · Shareholders’ equity

Reserved shares.  As of December 31, 2021, HEI had reserved a total of 16.4 million shares of common stock for future 
issuance under the HEI Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (DRIP), the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement 
Savings Plan (HEIRSP), the ASB 401(k) Plan, the HEI 2011 Nonemployee Director Stock Plan, and the 2010 Equity and 
Incentive Plan, as amended.

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).  Changes in the balances of each component of AOCI were as follows:

 (in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2018

Current period other comprehensive income (loss) and 

reclassifications, net of taxes

Balance, December 31, 2019

Current period other comprehensive income (loss) and 

reclassifications, net of taxes

Balance, December 31, 2020

Current period other comprehensive income (loss) and 

reclassifications, net of taxes

Balance, December 31, 2021

HEI Consolidated

Hawaiian Electric 
Consolidated

 Net unrealized 
gains (losses) 
on securities

 Unrealized 
gains (losses) 
on derivatives

Retirement 
benefit 
plans

AOCI

AOCI-Retirement 
benefit plans

$ 

(24,423)  $ 

(436)  $  (25,751)  $ (50,610)  $ 

99 

26,904 

2,481 

17,505 

19,986 

(1,177) 

4,844 

  30,571 

(1,613) 

(20,907) 

  (20,039) 

(1,750) 

3,020 

  18,775 

(3,363) 

(17,887) 

(1,264) 

(52,023) 

(275) 

1,029 

  (51,269) 

$ 

(32,037)  $ 

(3,638)  $  (16,858)  $ (52,533)  $ 

(1,378) 

(1,279) 

(1,640) 

(2,919) 

(361) 

(3,280) 

152

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Reclassifications out of AOCI were as follows:

Years ended December 31

(in thousands)

HEI consolidated

Amount reclassified from AOCI

2021

2020

2019

Affected line item in the Statement of 
Income/Balance Sheet

Net realized gains on securities included in net income

$ 

(387)  $ 

(1,638)  $ 

(478)  Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Net realized losses on derivatives qualifying as cash flow 
hedges

Retirement benefit plans:

Amortization of prior service credit and net losses 
recognized during the period in net periodic benefit cost

Impact of D&Os of the PUC included in regulatory 
assets

Total reclassifications

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Retirement benefit plans:

37 

— 

— 

Interest expense

19,253 

23,689 

  10,107  See Note 10 for additional details

  (171,345) 

39,860 

  (16,177)  See Note 10 for additional details

$ (152,442)  $  61,911  $  (6,548) 

Amortization of prior service credit and net losses 
recognized during the period in net periodic benefit cost

Impact of D&Os of the PUC included in regulatory 
assets

$  19,461  $  21,550  $  9,550  See Note 10 for additional details

  (171,345) 

39,860 

  (16,177)  See Note 10 for additional details

Total reclassifications

$ (151,884)  $  61,410  $  (6,627) 

Note 8 · Leases

The Company leases certain real estate and equipment for various terms under long-term operating lease agreements. The 

agreements expire at various dates through 2054 and provide for renewal options up to 10 years. The periods associated with 
the renewal options are excluded for the purpose of determining the lease term unless the exercise of the renewal option is 
reasonably certain. In the normal course of business, it is expected that many of these agreements will be replaced by similar 
agreements. Certain real estate leases require the Company to pay for operating expenses such as common area maintenance, 
real estate taxes and insurance, which are recognized as variable lease expense when incurred and are not included in the 
measurement of the lease liability. The Company elected the short-term lease recognition exemption for all of its leases that 
qualify, and accordingly, does not recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets for all leases that have lease terms that are 12 
months or less. The amounts related to short-term leases are not material. The Company elected the practical expedient to not 
separate lease and non-lease components for its real estate and equipment and fossil fuel and renewable energy PPAs.

Additionally, the Utilities contract with independent power producers to supply energy under long-term power purchase 
agreements. Certain PPAs are treated as operating leases under the lease standard because the Company elected the practical 
expedient package under which prior conclusions about lease identification were not reassessed. The fixed capacity payments 
under the PPAs are included in the lease liability, while the variable lease payments (e.g., payments based on kWh) are 
excluded from the lease liability. Several as-available PPAs have variable-only payment terms based on production. For PPAs 
with no minimum lease payments, the Utilities do not recognize any lease liabilities or ROU assets, and the related costs are 
reported as variable lease costs. In the first quarter of 2021, PGV returned to service with firm capacity of 13 MW and ramped 
up to 23.9 MW in the second quarter of 2021. Hawaii Electric Light is required to make fixed capacity payments based on 23.9 
MW. As of December 31, 2021, Hawaii Electric Light has a total of $21 million in lease liability with a corresponding ROU 
asset for the PGV PPA .

The Utilities’ lease payments for each operating lease agreement were discounted using its estimated unsecured borrowing 

rates for the appropriate term, reduced for the estimated impact of collateral, which is a reduction of approximately 25 basis 
points. ASB’s lease payments for each operating lease agreement were discounted using Federal Home Loan Bank of Des 
Moines (FHLB) fixed rate advance rates, which are collateralized, for the appropriate term. The FHLB is ASB’s primary 
wholesale funding source and can provide collateralized borrowing rates for various terms starting at overnight borrowings to 
30-year borrowing terms.

In August 2019, Hawaiian Electric entered into a lease agreement for a total office space of approximately 195,000 square 

feet in downtown Honolulu to lower costs and bring together office workers currently in separate leased buildings. The lease 

153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

consists of two different phases with commencement dates of January 2020 and January 2021, respectively, and is an operating 
lease for a term of 12 years with various options to extend up to 10 years. Annual base rent expense for each phase is 
approximately $1.9 million and $1.7 million, respectively, and the operating lease liability recorded upon commencement of 
each phase was $21 million and $19 million, respectively. In addition to the annual base rent payments that are included in the 
lease liability, there are additional payments for operating expenses, which are recognized as variable lease cost when incurred. 
These payments are related to operating expenses, such as common area maintenance, various taxes and insurance. Under the 
terms of the lease, Hawaiian Electric is entitled to receive up to $5.0 million and $4.6 million in tenant incentives for various 
office improvements for each phase, respectively. The amounts were included as a reduction to the initial measurement of the 
ROU asset on each respective commencement date, and will be subsequently adjusted if the actual reimbursements are different 
from the initial amounts previously recognized. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, total amount of office improvements for 
both phases were $5.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

In December 2020, Hawaiian Electric entered into an agreement with an unrelated party to sublease out approximately 
64,000 square feet of the downtown Honolulu office space commencing in January 2021. The sublease is an operating lease for 
six and a half years with an option to extend the term for an additional two years. Estimated base rent revenue is approximately 
$8.3 million for the entire lease term. In addition to the base rent, Hawaiian Electric will also collect from the sublessee its 
proportionate share of all operating expenses, utilities, and taxes, which will be recognized as an additional rent revenue.

In August 2021, the Utilities entered into an agreement with an unrelated party for exclusive use of a barge and tug to 
transport fuels between islands, commencing in January 2022. The contract is an operating lease with a term of five years with 
an option to extend the term for an additional five years. Annual base rent expense is approximately $6.2 million and the 
operating lease liability recorded upon commencement was $32 million. In addition to the annual base payment, there are 
additional payments for operating expenses, such as inspection expense, wharfage and pipeline tolls, which are recognized as 
variable lease cost when incurred.

154

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Amounts related to the Company’s total lease cost and cash flows arising from lease transactions are as follows:

Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases

 2.84% 

 3.63% 

 3.18% 

9.1

2.5

6.1

10.0

 2.98% 

2.5

5.9

 3.63% 

 3.31% 

Year ended December 31, 2021

(dollars in thousands)

Operating lease cost

Variable lease cost

Sublease income

Total lease cost

Other information

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of 
lease liabilities—Operating cash flows from operating 
leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating 
leases (in years)

Year ended December 31, 2020

(dollars in thousands)

Operating lease cost

Variable lease cost

Total lease cost

Other information

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of 
lease liabilities—Operating cash flows from operating 
leases
Weighted-average remaining lease term—operating 
leases (in years)

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Other 
leases

PPAs 
classified 
as leases

Total

Other 
leases

PPAs 
classified 
as leases

Total

$  14,184 

$  66,070 

$  80,254 

$  8,578 

$  66,070 

$  74,648 

  14,360 

  257,472 

  271,832 

  11,586 

  257,472 

  269,058 

(2,515) 

— 

(2,515) 

(2,515) 

— 

(2,515) 

$  26,029 

$ 323,542 

$  349,571 

$  17,649 

$ 323,542 

$ 341,191 

$  11,239 

$  62,136 

$  73,375 

$  6,168 

$  62,136 

$  68,304 

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Other 
leases

PPAs 
classified 
as leases

Total

Other 
leases

PPAs 
classified 
as leases

Total

$  11,201 

$  63,319 

$  74,520 

$  6,022 

$  63,319 

$  69,341 

  12,765 

  217,173 

  229,938 

9,842 

  217,173 

  227,015 

$  23,966 

$ 280,492 

$  304,458 

$  15,864 

$ 280,492 

$ 296,356 

$  10,783 

$  60,801 

$  71,584 

$  6,223 

$  60,801 

$  67,024 

Weighted-average discount rate—operating leases

 2.87% 

 4.08% 

 3.61% 

8.9

1.8

4.4

10.1

 3.20% 

1.8

3.8

 4.08% 

 3.84% 

The following table summarizes the maturity of our operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2021:

(in millions)

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Thereafter

Total lease payments

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

PPAs 
classified as 
leases

Other leases

$ 

11  $ 

46  $ 

13   

11   

7   

7   

36   

85   

(11)   

4   

4   

4   

3   

4   

65   

(2)   

Total

Other leases

PPAs 
classified as 
leases

Total

57 

17 

15 

11 

10 

40 

150 

(13) 

$ 

6  $ 

46  $ 

8   

7   

5   

5   

30   

61   

(9)   

4   

4   

4   

3   

4   

65   

(2)   

52 

12 

11 

9 

8 

34 

126 

(11) 

Less: Imputed interest
Total present value of lease payments1

115 
1 The fixed capacity payment related to the existing PPA with PGV, which will expire on December 31, 2027, is  included as a lease liability as of December 

63  $ 

52  $ 

74  $ 

63  $ 

137 

$ 

$ 

31, 2021. The PGV facility returned to service with firm capacity in the first quarter of 2021. The annual capacity payment based on the most recent 
accepted output is approximately $3.8 million. The lease liability will be remeasured when PGV ramps back up to the original contracted firm capacity. 

155

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 9· Revenues

Revenue from contracts with customers.  The revenues subject to Topic 606 include the Utilities’ electric energy sales 
revenue and the ASB’s transaction fees, as further described below.

Electric Utilities.

Electric energy sales.  Electric energy sales represent revenues from the generation and transmission of electricity to 
customers under tariffs approved by the PUC. Transaction pricing for electricity is determined and approved by the PUC for 
each rate class and includes revenues from the base electric charges, which are composed of (1) the customer, demand, energy, 
and minimum charges, and (2) the power factor, service voltage, and other adjustments as provided in each rate and rate rider 
schedule. The Utilities satisfy performance obligations over time, i.e., the Utilities generate and transfer control of the 
electricity over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits provided by the Utilities’ performance. 
Payments from customers are generally due within 30 days from the end of the billing period. As electric bills to customers 
reflect the amount that corresponds directly with the value of the Utilities’ performance to date, the Utilities have elected to use 
the right to invoice practical expedient, which entitles them to recognize revenue in the amount they have the right to invoice. 

The Utilities’ revenues include amounts for recovery of various Hawaii state revenue taxes. Revenue taxes are generally 
recorded as an expense in the year the related revenues are recognized. For 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Utilities’ revenues include 
recovery of revenue taxes of approximately $226 million, $202 million and $226 million, respectively, which amounts are in 
“Taxes, other than income taxes” expense. However, the Utilities pay revenue taxes to the taxing authorities based on (1) the 
prior year’s billed revenues (in the case of public service company taxes and PUC fees) in the current year or (2) the current 
year’s cash collections from electric sales (in the case of franchise taxes) after year end. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the 
Utilities had recorded $128 million and $111 million, respectively, in “Taxes accrued, including revenue taxes” on the Utilities’ 
consolidated balance sheet for amounts previously collected from customers or accrued for public service company taxes and 
PUC fees, net of amounts paid to the taxing authorities. Such amounts will be used to pay public service company taxes and 
PUC fees owed for the following year.

Bank.

Bank fees.  Bank fees are primarily transaction-based and are recognized when the transaction has occurred and the 

performance obligation satisfied. From time to time, customers will request a fee waiver and ASB may grant reversals of fees. 
Revenues are not recorded for the estimated amount of fee reversals for each period.

Fees from other financial services - These fees primarily include debit card interchange income and fees, automated 
teller machine fees, credit card interchange income and fees, check ordering fees, wire fees, safe deposit rental fees, corporate/
business fees, merchant income, online banking fees and international banking fees. Amounts paid to third parties for payment 
network expenses are included in this financial statement caption in ASB’s Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income 
Data (in Revenues—Bank financial statement caption of HEI’s Consolidated Statements of Income).

Fee income on deposit liabilities - These fees primarily include “not sufficient funds” fees, monthly deposit account 

service charge fees, commercial account analysis fees and other deposit fees. 

Fee income on other financial products - These fees primarily include commission income from the sales of annuity, 

mutual fund, and life insurance products. ASB also offers a fee-based, managed account product in which income is based on a 
percentage of assets under management.

Other Segment.

Other sales.  Other sales primarily consist of revenues from the generation and sale of renewable energy at fixed 

contractual prices per kWh to customers under power purchase agreements by Pacific Current subsidiaries. The performance 
obligation is satisfied over time as renewable energy is generated and control is transferred to the customer that simultaneously 
receives and consumes the benefits provided. Payments from customers are generally due within 30 days from the end of the 
billing period. The bill to customers reflect the amount that corresponds directly with the value of performance to date. Pacific 
Current has elected to use the right to invoice practical expedient, which entitles it to recognize revenue in the amount they have 
the right to invoice.

156

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Revenues from other sources.  Revenues from other sources not subject to Topic 606 are accounted for as follows: 

Electric Utilities.

Regulatory revenues.  Regulatory revenues primarily consist of revenues from the decoupling mechanism and cost 

recovery surcharges.    

Decoupling mechanism - Under the current decoupling mechanism, the Utilities are allowed to recover or obligated to 

refund the difference between actual revenue and the target revenue as determined by the PUC, collect annual revenue 
adjustment mechanism (ARA) and exceptional project recovery mechanism revenues, and recover or refund performance 
incentive mechanism penalties or rewards. These adjustments will be reflected in tariffs in future periods. Under the PBR 
framework, the accrued RBA revenues as of the preceding September 30 balance and the annual ARA amount are billed from 
January 1 through December 31 of each year, which is within 24 months following the end of the year in which they are 
recorded as required by the accounting standard for alternative revenue programs (see “Regulatory proceedings” in Note 3).

Cost recovery surcharges - For the timely recovery of additional costs incurred, and reconciliation of costs and 
expenses included in tariffed rates, the Utilities recognize revenues under surcharge mechanisms approved by the PUC. These 
will be reflected in tariffs in future periods (e.g., ECRC and PPAC). 

Since revenue adjustments discussed above resulted from either agreements with the PUC or change in tax law, rather than 

contracts with customers, they are not subject to the scope of Topic 606. Also, see Notes 1, 3 and 12 of the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. The Utilities have elected to present these revenue adjustments on a gross basis, which results in the 
amounts being billed to customers presented in revenues from contracts with customers and the amortization of the related 
regulatory asset/liability as revenues from other sources. Depending on whether the previous deferral balance being amortized 
was a regulatory asset or regulatory liability, and depending on the size and direction of the current year deferral of surcharges 
and/or refunds to customers, it could result in negative regulatory revenue during the year.

Utility pole attachment fees.  These fees primarily represent revenues from third-party companies for their access to 
and shared use of Utilities-owned poles through licensing agreements. As the shared portion of the utility pole is functionally 
dependent on the rest of the structure, no distinct goods appear to exist. Therefore, these fees are not subject to the scope of 
Topic 606, but recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 610, Other Income.       

Bank.

Interest and dividend income.  Interest and fees on loans are recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 310, 
Receivables, including the related allowance for credit losses. Interest and dividends on investment securities are recognized in 
accordance with ASC Topic 320, Investments-Debt and Equity Securities. See Notes 1 and 4 of the Consolidated Financial 
Statements.

Other bank noninterest income.  Other bank noninterest income primarily consists of mortgage banking income and 

bank-owned life insurance income. 

Mortgage banking income - Mortgage banking income consists primarily of realized and unrealized gains on sale of 

loans accounted for pursuant to ASC Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing. Interest rate lock commitments and forward loan 
sales are considered derivatives and are accounted pursuant to ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

Bank-Owned Life Insurance (BOLI) - The recognition of BOLI cash surrender value does not represent a contract with 

a customer and is accounted for in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 06-05, Accounting for Purchases of Life 
Insurance-Determining the Amount that Could be Realized in Accordance with FASB Technical Bulletin No. 85-4, Accounting 
for Purchases of Life Insurance.

157

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Revenue disaggregation.  The following tables disaggregate revenues by major source, timing of revenue recognition, and 
segment:

(in thousands)

Revenues from contracts with 
customers

Year ended December 31, 2021

Year ended December 31, 2020

Electric  
utility

Bank

Other

Total

Electric  
utility

Bank

Other

Total

Electric energy sales - residential

$  830,653  $ 

—  $  —  $  830,653  $  766,609  $ 

—  $  —  $  766,609 

Electric energy sales - commercial

791,424 

— 

  — 

791,424 

703,516 

— 

  — 

703,516 

Electric energy sales - large light 

and power

Electric energy sales - other 
Bank fees

Other sales

Total revenues from contracts 
with customers

Revenues from other sources
Regulatory revenue

837,834 
10,770 
— 

— 
— 
  46,658 

  — 
  — 
  — 

— 

— 

  4,086 

837,834 
10,770 
46,658 

4,086 

751,464 
8,054 
— 

— 
— 
  38,887 

  — 
  — 
  — 

— 

— 

921 

751,464 
8,054 
38,887 

921 

  2,470,681 

  46,658 

  4,086 

  2,521,425 

  2,229,643 

  38,887 

921 

  2,269,451 

40,069 

— 

  — 

40,069 

11,869 

— 

  — 

11,869 

Bank interest and dividend income

— 

  242,266 

  — 

242,266 

— 

  244,663 

  — 

244,663 

Other bank noninterest income
Other

Total revenues from other 
sources

— 
28,886 

  17,474 
— 

  — 
259 

17,474 
29,145 

— 
23,808 

  29,961 
— 

  — 
23 

29,961 
23,831 

68,955 

  259,740 

259 

328,954 

35,677 

  274,624 

23 

310,324 

Total revenues

$ 2,539,636  $ 306,398  $ 4,345  $ 2,850,379  $  2,265,320  $ 313,511  $  944  $ 2,579,775 

Timing of revenue recognition 

Services/goods transferred at a point 

in time

$ 

—  $  46,658  $  —  $ 

46,658  $ 

—  $  38,887  $  —  $ 

38,887 

Services/goods transferred over time

  2,470,681 

— 

  4,086 

  2,474,767 

  2,229,643 

— 

921 

  2,230,564 

Total revenues from contracts 
with customers

$ 2,470,681  $  46,658  $ 4,086  $ 2,521,425  $  2,229,643  $  38,887  $  921  $ 2,269,451 

There are no material contract assets or liabilities associated with revenues from contracts with customers existing at 
December 31, 2021 and 2020. Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues related to contracts with customers represent an 
unconditional right to consideration since all performance obligations have been satisfied. These amounts are disclosed as 
accounts receivable and unbilled revenues, net on HEI’s consolidated balance sheets and customer accounts receivable, net and 
accrued unbilled revenues, net on Hawaiian Electric’s consolidated balance sheets. 

As of December 31, 2021, the Company had no material remaining performance obligations due to the nature of the 
Company’s contracts with its customers. For the Utilities, performance obligations are fulfilled as electricity is delivered to 
customers. For ASB, fees are recognized when a transaction is completed.

158

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 10 · Retirement benefits

Defined benefit plans.  Substantially all of the employees of HEI and the Utilities participate in the Retirement Plan for 
Employees of Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Participating Subsidiaries (HEI Pension Plan). Substantially all of the 
employees of ASB participated in the American Savings Bank Retirement Plan (ASB Pension Plan) until it was frozen on 
December 31, 2007. The HEI Pension Plan and the ASB Pension Plan (collectively, the Plans) are qualified, noncontributory 
defined benefit pension plans and include, in the case of the HEI Pension Plan, benefits for utility union employees determined 
in accordance with the terms of the collective bargaining agreements between the Utilities and the union. The Plans are subject 
to the provisions of ERISA. In addition, some current and former executives and directors of HEI and its subsidiaries 
participate in noncontributory, nonqualified plans (collectively, Supplemental Plans). In general, benefits are based on the 
employees’ or directors’ years of service and compensation.

The continuation of the Plans and the Supplemental Plans and the payment of any contribution thereunder are not assumed 
as contractual obligations by the participating employers. The Supplemental Plan for directors has been frozen since 1996. The 
ASB Pension Plan was frozen as of December 31, 2007. The HEI Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and ASB 
Supplemental Executive Retirement, Disability, and Death Benefit Plan (noncontributory, nonqualified, defined benefit plans) 
were frozen as of December 31, 2008. No participants have accrued any benefits under these plans after the respective plan’s 
freeze and the plans will be terminated at the time all remaining benefits have been paid.

Each participating employer reserves the right to terminate its participation in the applicable plans at any time, and HEI and 

ASB reserve the right to terminate their respective plans at any time. If a participating employer terminates its participation in 
the Plans, the interest of each affected participant would become 100% vested to the extent funded. Upon the termination of the 
Plans, assets would be distributed to affected participants in accordance with the applicable allocation provisions of ERISA and 
any excess assets that exist would be paid to the participating employers. Participants’ benefits in the Plans are covered up to 
certain limits under insurance provided by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

Postretirement benefits other than pensions.  HEI and the Utilities provide eligible employees health and life insurance 
benefits upon retirement under the Postretirement Welfare Benefits Plan for Employees of Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. 
and participating employers (Hawaiian Electric Benefits Plan). Eligibility of employees and dependents is based on eligibility to 
retire at termination, the retirement date and the date of hire. The plan was amended in 2011, changing eligibility for certain 
bargaining unit employees hired prior to May 1, 2011, based on new minimum age and service requirements effective 
January 1, 2012, per the collective bargaining agreement, and certain management employees hired prior to May 1, 2011 based 
on new eligibility minimum age and service requirements effective January 1, 2012. The minimum age and service 
requirements for management and bargaining unit employees hired May 1, 2011 and thereafter have increased and their 
dependents are not eligible to receive postretirement benefits. Employees may be eligible to receive benefits from the HEI 
Pension Plan but may not be eligible for postretirement welfare benefits if the different eligibility requirements are not met.

The executive death benefit plan was frozen on September 10, 2009 for participants at benefit levels as of that date. 

The Company’s and Utilities’ cost for OPEB has been adjusted to reflect the plan amendments, which reduced benefits and 

created prior service credits to be amortized over average future service of affected participants. The amortization of the prior 
service credit will reduce benefit costs until the various credit bases are fully recognized. Each participating employer reserves 
the right to terminate its participation in the Hawaiian Electric Benefits Plan at any time.

Balance sheet recognition of the funded status of retirement plans.  Employers must recognize on their balance sheets the 
funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans with an offset to AOCI in shareholders’ equity 
(using the projected benefit obligation (PBO) and accumulated postretirement benefit obligation (APBO), to calculate the 
funded status).

The PUC allowed the Utilities to adopt pension and OPEB tracking mechanisms in previous rate cases. The amount of the 
net periodic pension cost (NPPC) and net periodic benefits costs (NPBC) to be recovered in rates is established by the PUC in 
each rate case or as allowed under the new PBR Framework (see “Regulatory proceedings” in Note 3). Under the Utilities’ 
tracking mechanisms, any actual costs determined in accordance with GAAP that are over/under amounts allowed in rates are 
charged/credited to a regulatory asset/liability. The regulatory asset/liability for each utility will then be amortized over 5 years 
beginning with the respective utility’s next rate case. Accordingly, all retirement benefit expenses (except for executive life and 
nonqualified pension plan expenses, which amounted to $1.2 million and $1.1 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively) 
determined in accordance with GAAP will be recovered.

Under the tracking mechanisms, amounts that would otherwise be recorded in AOCI (excluding amounts for executive life 

and nonqualified pension plans), net of taxes, as well as other pension and OPEB charges, are allowed to be reclassified as a 

159

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

regulatory asset, as those costs will be recovered in rates through the NPPC and NPBC in the future. The Utilities have 
reclassified to a regulatory asset/(liability) charges for retirement benefits that would otherwise be recorded in AOCI 
(amounting to the elimination of a potential adjustment to AOCI of $(230.8) million pretax and $53.7 million pretax for 2021 
and 2020, respectively).

Under the pension tracking mechanism, the Utilities are required to make contributions to the pension trust in the amount 
of the actuarially calculated NPPC, except when limited by the ERISA minimum contribution requirements or the maximum 
contributions imposed by the Internal Revenue Code. Contributions in excess of the calculated NPPC are recorded in a separate 
regulatory asset.

The OPEB tracking mechanisms generally require the Utilities to make contributions to the OPEB trust in the amount of 

the actuarially calculated NPBC, (excluding amounts for executive life), except when limited by material, adverse 
consequences imposed by federal regulations. Future decisions in rate cases could further impact funding amounts.

Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans information.  The changes in the obligations and assets of 
the Company’s and Utilities’ retirement benefit plans and the changes in AOCI (gross) for 2021 and 2020 and the funded status 
of these plans and amounts related to these plans reflected in the Company’s and Utilities’ consolidated balance sheets as of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020 were as follows:

(in thousands)
HEI consolidated
Benefit obligation, January 1
Service cost
Interest cost
Actuarial (gains) losses
Participants contributions
Benefits paid and expenses
Benefit obligation, December 31
Fair value of plan assets, January 1
Actual return on plan assets
Employer contributions
Participants contributions
Benefits paid and expenses
Fair value of plan assets, December 31
Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31
Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31
Other assets
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans liability
Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31
Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31
AOCI debit, January 1 (excluding impact of PUC D&Os)
Recognized during year – prior service credit (cost)
Recognized during year – net actuarial loss
Occurring during year – net actuarial loss (gain)
AOCI debit before cumulative impact of PUC D&Os, December 31
Cumulative impact of PUC D&Os
AOCI debit/(credit), December 31
AOCI debit/(credit), December 31
Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service gain
AOCI debit before cumulative impact of PUC D&Os, December 31
Cumulative impact of PUC D&Os
AOCI debit/(credit), December 31
Income taxes (benefits)
AOCI debit/(credit), net of taxes (benefits), December 31

2021

2020

Pension
benefits

Other
benefits

Pension
benefits

Other
benefits

$  2,624,530  $ 

226,421  $  2,278,283  $ 

81,432 
75,361 
(43,300) 
— 
(93,384) 
2,644,639 
2,089,491 
271,443 
51,777 
— 
(91,966) 
2,320,745 
(323,894)  $ 
23,675  $ 

(347,569) 
(323,894)  $ 
557,564  $ 
— 
(27,245) 
(182,520) 
347,799 
(324,162) 

23,637  $ 
347,799  $ 
— 
347,799 
(324,162) 
23,637 
(6,199) 
17,438  $ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

2,827 
6,122 
(8,527) 
2,943 
(11,635) 
218,151 
219,873 
28,130 
— 
2,943 
(11,635) 
239,311 
21,160  $ 
21,663  $ 
(503) 
21,160  $ 
2,395  $ 
1,533 
(203) 
(23,700) 
(19,975) 
19,166 

(809)  $ 
(18,172)  $ 
(1,803) 
(19,975) 
19,166 
(809) 
209 
(600)  $ 

73,387 
81,335 
275,973 
— 
(84,448) 
2,624,530 
1,799,200 
302,566 
70,844 
— 
(83,119) 
2,089,491 
(535,039)  $ 
25,851  $ 

(560,890) 
(535,039)  $ 
503,821  $ 

(8) 
(33,456) 
87,207 
557,564 
(534,594) 

22,970  $ 
557,564  $ 
— 
557,564 
(534,594) 
22,970 
(5,988) 
16,982  $ 

215,639 
2,537 
7,407 
9,785 
2,768 
(11,715) 
226,421 
200,831 
27,678 
— 
2,768 
(11,404) 
219,873 
(6,548) 
— 
(6,548) 
(6,548) 
6,610 
1,761 
(208) 
(5,768) 
2,395 
(1,177) 
1,218 
5,731 
(3,336) 
2,395 
(1,177) 
1,218 
(313) 
905 

As shown in the table above, as of December 31, 2021, the other postretirement benefit plans with APBOs in excess of plan assets 

are unfunded plans, and as of December 31, 2020, all of the other postretirement benefit plans had APBOs in excess of plan assets. 

160

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

(in thousands)
Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Benefit obligation, January 1

Service cost

Interest cost

Actuarial (gains) losses

Participants contributions

Benefits paid and expenses

Transfers

Benefit obligation, December 31

Fair value of plan assets, January 1

Actual return on plan assets

Employer contributions

Participants contributions

Benefits paid and expenses

Other

Fair value of plan assets, December 31

Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31

Other assets

Other liabilities (short-term)

Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans liability
Accrued benefit asset (liability), December 31

AOCI debit, January 1 (excluding impact of PUC D&Os)
Recognized during year – prior service credit (cost)

Recognized during year – net actuarial loss

Occurring during year – net actuarial loss (gain)

AOCI debit before cumulative impact of PUC D&Os, December 31

Cumulative impact of PUC D&Os

AOCI debit/(credit), December 31

Net actuarial loss (gain)
Prior service gain

AOCI debit before cumulative impact of PUC D&Os, December 31
Cumulative impact of PUC D&Os

AOCI debit/(credit), December 31

Income taxes (benefits)

2021

2020

Pension
benefits

Other
benefits

Pension
benefits

Other
benefits

$  2,440,758  $ 

217,074  $  2,110,904  $ 

207,073 

79,463 

70,235 

(39,755) 

— 

2,802 

5,875 

(7,779) 

2,886 

71,604 

75,484 

260,102 

— 

2,515 

7,103 

9,151 

2,717 

(85,425) 

(11,388) 

(77,336) 

(11,485) 

(332) 

2,464,944 

1,909,730 

266,922 

51,079 

— 

— 

209,470 

216,315 

27,712 

— 

2,886 

— 

2,440,758 

1,640,417 

276,453 

69,720 

— 

— 

217,074 

197,564 

27,207 

— 

2,717 

(84,852) 

(11,388) 

(76,860) 

(11,173) 

(262) 

— 

— 

— 

2,142,617 

235,525 

1,909,730 

216,315 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(322,327)  $ 

26,055  $ 

(531,028)  $ 

—  $ 

26,055  $ 

—  $ 

(547) 

(321,780) 

— 

— 

(535) 

(530,493) 

(322,327)  $ 

26,055  $ 

(531,028)  $ 

538,521  $ 

1,181  $ 

478,078  $ 

— 

(27,534) 

(181,342) 

329,645 

(324,162) 

1,530 

(206) 

(22,736) 

(20,231) 

19,166 

(9) 

(30,566) 

91,018 

538,521 

(534,594) 

5,483  $ 

(1,065)  $ 

3,927  $ 

329,645  $ 

(18,434)  $ 

538,521  $ 

— 

329,645 

(324,162) 

5,483 

(1,412) 

(1,797) 

(20,231) 

19,166 

(1,065) 

274 

— 

538,521 

(534,594) 

3,927 

(1,011) 

(759) 

— 

(720) 

(39) 

(759) 

5,730 

1,758 

(207) 

(6,100) 

1,181 

(1,177) 

4 

4,508 

(3,327) 

1,181 

(1,177) 

4 

(1) 

3 

AOCI debit/(credit), net of taxes (benefits), December 31

$ 

4,071  $ 

(791)  $ 

2,916  $ 

As of December 31, 2020, the other postretirement benefit plan shown in the table above had APBOs in excess of plan 

assets.

Pension benefits.  In 2021, investment returns were higher than assumed rates and improved the funded position. Actuarial 

gains due to demographic experience, including assumption changes, the most significant of which was the increase in the 
discount rate used to measure PBO compared to the prior year, improved funded position while the updates to mortality 
assumptions projected generationally, partially offset the improvement.

In 2020, investment returns were higher than assumed rates and together with updates to mortality assumptions projected 
generationally, improved the funded position. Actuarial losses due to demographic experience, including assumption changes, 
the most significant of which was the decrease in the discount rate used to measure PBO compared to the prior year, partially 
offset the improvement in funded position.

161

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Other benefits.  In 2021, investment returns were higher than assumed rates and improved funded position. Actuarial gains  

due to demographic experience, including assumption changes, the most significant of which was the increase in the discount 
rate used to measure APBO, improved the funded position while the updates to the per capita claims cost to reflect 2022 
premiums and mortality assumptions projected generationally, partially offset the improvement.

 In 2020, investment returns were higher than assumed rates and together with updates to the per capita claims cost to 
reflect 2021 premiums, improved funded position and offset the actuarial losses due to demographic experience, including 
assumption changes, the most significant of which was the decrease in the discount rate used to measure APBO.   

The dates used to determine retirement benefit measurements for the defined benefit plans and OPEB were December 31 of 

2021, 2020 and 2019.

Through December 31, 2020, for purposes of calculating NPPC and NPBC for all plan assets, the Company and the 

Utilities have determined the market-related value of retirement benefit plan assets, primarily equity securities and fixed income 
securities, by calculating the difference between the expected return and the actual return on the fair value of the plan assets, 
then amortizing the difference over future years – 0% in the first year and 25% in each of years two through five – and finally 
adding or subtracting the unamortized differences for the past four years from fair value. The method includes a 15% range 
restriction around the fair value of such assets (i.e., 85% to 115% of fair value). Effective January 1, 2021, the Company 
adopted a change in accounting principle for the plans’ fixed income securities from the calculated market-related value method 
to the fair value method in the calculation of the expected return on plan assets component of NPPC and NPBC. The remaining 
plan assets continue to use the calculated market-related value methodology. The Company considers the fair value approach to 
be preferable for its fixed-income securities portfolio because it results in a current reflection of the changes in the value of plan 
assets in a way similar to the obligations it is intended to hedge. The Company evaluated the effect of this change in accounting 
principle and deemed it to be immaterial to the historical financial statements of the Company and Hawaiian Electric and, 
therefore, did not account for the change retrospectively and recorded the cumulative effects from the change in accounting 
principle in earnings for non-Utility businesses in the first quarter of 2021. Amounts related to the Utilities were reflected as 
adjustments to regulatory assets as appropriate, consistent with the expected regulatory treatment  as described in the following 
paragraph.

The Utilities have implemented pension and OPEB tracking mechanisms under which all of their retirement benefit 

expenses (except for executive life and nonqualified pension plan expenses) determined in accordance with GAAP are 
recovered over time. Under the tracking mechanisms, any actual costs determined in accordance with GAAP that are over/under 
amounts allowed in rates are charged/credited to a regulatory asset/liability. The regulatory asset/liability for each utility will 
then be amortized over 5 years beginning with the respective utility’s next rate case.

A primary goal of the plans is to achieve long-term asset growth sufficient to pay future benefit obligations at a reasonable 

level of risk. The investment policy target for defined benefit pension and OPEB plans of HEI and the Utilities reflects the 
philosophy that long-term growth can best be achieved by prudent investments in equity securities while balancing overall fund 
and pension liability volatility by an appropriate allocation to fixed income securities. To reduce the level of portfolio risk and 
volatility in returns, efforts have been made to diversify the plans’ investments by asset class, geographic region, market 
capitalization and investment style. ASB’s frozen, overfunded defined benefit pension plan is invested in a portfolio that uses a 
liability-driven investment strategy to limit funded status volatility.

The asset allocation of defined benefit retirement plans to equity and fixed income securities (excluding cash) and related 

investment policy targets and ranges were as follows:

December 31
Assets held by category

U.S. equity securities

Non-U.S equity securities

Fixed income securities 
Private equity

Pension benefits1

Other benefits2

2021

2020

 59% 

 13 

 27 
 1 
 100% 

 58% 

 14 

 28 
 — 
 100% 

Investment policy

Target

Range3

 52% 

 15 

 30 
 3 
 100% 

45-65%

5-25%

20-40%
0-5%

2021

2020

 58% 

 15 

 27 
 — 
 100% 

 57% 

 16 

 27 
 — 
 100% 

Investment policy
Range3

Target

 52% 

45-65%

 15 

 30 
 3 
 100% 

5-25%

20-40%
0-5%

1   Asset allocation (excluding cash) is applicable to only HEI and the Utilities. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, nearly all of ASB’s 

pension assets were invested in fixed income securities. 

2  Asset allocation (excluding cash) is applicable to only HEI and the Utilities. ASB does not fund its other benefits.
3  Broad range for equity securities is a minimum of 60% and a maximum of 80% for pension benefits and other benefits. 

162

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The fair values of the investments shown in the tables below represent the Company’s best estimates of the amounts that 

would be received upon sale of those assets in an orderly transaction between market participants at that date. Those fair value 
measurements maximize the use of observable inputs. However, in situations where there is little, if any, market activity for the 
asset at the measurement date, the fair value measurement reflects the Company’s judgments about the assumptions that market 
participants would use in pricing the asset. Those judgments are developed by the Company based on the best information 
available in the circumstances.

The Company used the following valuation methodologies for assets measured at fair value. There have been no changes in 

the methodologies used at December 31, 2021 and 2020.

Equity securities equity index and exchange-traded funds, U.S. Treasury fixed income securities and public mutual funds 
(Level 1).  Equity securities, equity index and exchange-traded funds, U.S. Treasury fixed income securities and public mutual 
funds are valued at the closing price reported on the active market on which the individual securities or funds are traded.

Fixed income securities, preferred securities (Level 2).  Fixed income and preferred securities, other than those issued by 

the U.S. Treasury, are valued based on yields currently available on comparable securities of issuers with similar credit ratings. 

163

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Assets held in various trusts for the retirement benefit plans are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and were as 

follows:

(in millions)

2021

U.S. equity securities

Non-U.S. equity securities

U.S. equity index and exchange-traded funds

Non-U.S. equity investments at net asset value (NAV)

   Total equity investments

1,546 

1,449 

Fixed income securities and public mutual funds

Fixed income investments at NAV

   Total fixed income investments

Private equity at NAV

Cash equivalents, fund and at NAV

Total
Cash, receivables and payables, net

Fair value of plan assets

2020

U.S. equity securities

Non-U.S. equity securities

U.S. equity index and exchange-traded funds

Non-U.S. equity investments at NAV

   Total equity investments

Fixed income securities and public mutual funds

Fixed income investments at NAV

   Total fixed income investments

Cash equivalents at NAV

Total
Cash, receivables and payables, net

Fair value of plan assets

Pension benefits

Other benefits

Fair value measurements using

Fair value measurements using

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical 
assets
 (Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

Quoted prices 
in active 
markets for 
identical 
assets
 (Level 1)

Significant 
other 
observable 
inputs 
(Level 2)

December 31

December 31

$ 

432  $ 

431  $ 

1  $ 

53  $ 

53  $ 

188 

830 

96 

188 

830 

— 

393 

307 

700 

22 

50 

146 

— 

146 

— 

15 

1,610  $ 

2,318  $ 
3 

2,321 

— 

— 

— 

1 

247 

— 

247 

— 

— 

248 

24 

84 

12 

173 

58 

5 

63 

— 

3 

24 

84 

— 

161 

56 

— 

56 

— 

3 

239  $ 
— 

220  $ 

$ 

239 

368  $ 

368  $ 

—  $ 

46  $ 

46  $ 

172 

734 

102 

172 

734 

— 

1,376 

1,274 

363 

278 

641 

68 

105 

— 

105 

25 

2,085  $ 
4 

1,404  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

258 

— 

258 

— 

258 

22 

77 

13 

158 

53 

5 

58 

4 

22 

77 

— 

145 

51 

— 

51 

3 

220  $ 
— 

199  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,089 

$ 

220 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

— 

2 

— 

— 

2 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2 

— 

2 

— 

2 

The fair value of investments measured at NAV presented in the table above is intended to permit reconciliation to the fair 

value of plan assets amounts.

164

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The following table represents assets measured at NAV.

Measured at NAV

December 31

Redemption 
frequency 

Redemption 
notice period

December 31

Redemption 
frequency 

Redemption 
notice period

Pension benefits

Other benefits

(in millions)
2021

Non-U.S. equity funds (a)
Fixed income investments (b)

Private equity (c)

Cash equivalents (d)

2020

Non-U.S. equity funds (a)
Fixed income investments (b)

Cash equivalents (d)

NA Not applicable

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

96 
307 

22 

35 
460 

102 
278 

43 
423 

Daily-Monthly
Daily
NA

5-30 days
15 days

$ 

NA  

Daily

0-1 day

Daily-Monthly
Daily

5-30 days
15 days

Daily

0-1 day

$ 

$ 

$ 

Daily-Monthly
Daily

NA

Daily

5-30 days
15 days

NA

0-1 day

Daily-Monthly
Daily

Daily

5-30 days
15 days

0-1 day

12 
5 

— 

— 
17 

13 
5 

1 
19 

None of the investments presented in the tables above have unfunded commitments, other than private equity disclosed in (c) below.

(a)    Represents investments in funds that primarily invest in non-U.S., emerging markets equities. Redemption frequency for pension benefits assets as of 
December 31, 2021 were: daily, 61% and monthly, 39%, and as of December 31, 2020 were daily, 62% and monthly, 38%. Redemption frequency for 
other benefits assets as of December 31, 2021 were: daily, 57% and monthly, 43% and as of December 31, 2020 were: daily, 58% and monthly, 42%. 

(b)    Represents investments in fixed income securities invested in a US-dollar denominated fund that seeks to exceed the Barclays Capital Long Corporate A 

or better Index through investments in US-dollar denominated fixed income securities and commingled vehicles. 

(c)    Represents investment in a private equity fund. The fund is valued as reported by the General Partner, based on the valuation of the underlying 

investments. As of December 31, 2021, the unfunded commitment of the private equity fund was $66 million; the fund does not allow redemptions but 
may be dissolved with six months written notice. The termination date of the fund is November 1, 2100, unless dissolved earlier. 

(d)    Represents investments in cash equivalent funds. This class includes funds that invest primarily in securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government 

or its agencies or instrumentalities. For pension benefits, the fund may also invest in fixed income securities of investment grade issuers.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used in the accounting for the plans:

December 31
Benefit obligation 
Discount rate1
Rate of compensation increase

Net periodic pension/benefit cost (years ended)

Discount rate2
Expected return on plan assets3
Rate of compensation increase4

Pension benefits
2020

2021

2019

2021

Other benefits
2020

2019

 3.05% 
 3.5 

 2.92% 
 3.5 

 3.61% 
 3.5 

 3.07% 
NA   

 2.83% 
NA   

 3.52% 
NA   

 2.92 
 7.25 
 3.5 

 3.61 
 7.25 
 3.5 

 4.31 
 7.25 
 3.5 

 2.83 
 7.25 

 3.52 
 7.25 

 4.34 
 7.25 

NA   

NA   

NA   

NA  Not applicable
1   HEI and the Utilities pension benefits discount rate only at December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. ASB’s pension benefits discount rate at December 31, 2021, 

2020 and 2019 was 3.04%, 2.76% and 3.49%, respectively. All other disclosed rates apply to the Company and the Utilities.

2     ASB’s pension benefits discount rate for the year ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 was 2.76% and 3.49%. All other disclosed rates apply to the Company 

and the Utilities.

3   HEI and the Utilities’ plan assets only (gross return). For 2021, 2020 and 2019, ASB’s expected return on plan assets was 2.96%, 3.69% and 4.51%, 

respectively.

4    HEI and the Utilities use a graded rate of compensation increase assumption based on age. The rate provided above is an average across all future years of 

service for the current population. NA for ASB.

The Company and the Utilities based their selection of an assumed discount rate for 2022 NPPC and NPBC and 

December 31, 2021 disclosure on a cash flow matching analysis that utilized bond information provided by Bloomberg for all 
non-callable, high quality bonds (generally rated Aa or better) as of December 31, 2021. In selecting the expected rate of return 
on plan assets for 2022 NPPC and NPBC: a) HEI and the Utilities considered economic forecasts for the types of investments 
held by the plans (primarily equity and fixed income investments), the Plans’ asset allocations, industry and corporate surveys 
and the past performance of the plans’ assets in selecting 7.25% and b) ASB considered its liability-driven investment strategy 
in selecting 3.24%, which is consistent with the assumed discount rate as of December 31, 2021 with a 20 basis point active 

165

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

manager premium. For 2021, retirement benefit plans’ assets of the Company and the Utilities had a net return of 13.2% and 
14.2%, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the assumed health care trend rates for 2022 and future years were as follows: medical, 6.50%, 

grading down to 5% for 2028 and thereafter; dental, 5%; and vision, 4%. As of December 31, 2020, the assumed health care 
trend rates for 2021 and future years were as follows: medical, 6.75%, grading down to 5% for 2028 and thereafter; dental, 5%; 
and vision, 4%. 

The components of NPPC and NPBC were as follows:

(in thousands)

HEI consolidated

Service cost

Interest cost

Pension benefits

Other benefits

2021

2020

2019

2021

2020

2019

$ 

81,432  $ 

73,387  $ 

62,135  $ 

2,827  $ 

2,537  $ 

75,361 

81,335 

84,267 

6,122 

7,407 

2,209 

8,004 

Expected return on plan assets

(132,223) 

(113,800) 

(111,989) 

(12,957) 

(12,124) 

(12,356) 

Amortization of net prior service (gain) cost

Amortization of net actuarial losses

Net periodic pension/benefit cost

Impact of PUC D&Os

Net periodic pension/benefit cost (adjusted for 

impact of PUC D&Os)

Hawaiian Electric consolidated
Service cost

Interest cost

Expected return on plan assets

Amortization of net prior service (gain) cost

Amortization of net actuarial losses

Net periodic pension/benefit cost

Impact of PUC D&Os

Net periodic pension/benefit cost (adjusted for 

impact of PUC D&Os)

— 

27,245 

51,815 

27,963 

8 

33,456 

74,386 

20,997 

(42) 

(1,533) 

(1,761) 

(1,806) 

15,479 

49,850 

48,143 

203 

(5,338) 

4,839 

208 

(3,733) 

3,179 

(13) 

(3,962) 

3,258 

$ 

79,778  $ 

95,383  $ 

97,993  $ 

(499)  $ 

(554)  $ 

(704) 

$ 

79,463  $ 

71,604  $ 

60,461  $ 

2,802  $ 

2,515  $ 

70,235 

75,484 

77,851 

5,875 

7,103 

2,191 

7,673 

(125,404) 

(107,369) 

(104,632) 

(12,755) 

(11,957) 

(12,180) 

— 

27,534 

51,828 

27,963 

9 

30,566 

70,294 

20,997 

7 

(1,530) 

(1,758) 

(1,803) 

14,658 

48,345 

48,143 

206 

(5,402) 

4,839 

207 

(3,890) 

3,179 

— 

(4,119) 

3,258 

$ 

79,791  $ 

91,291  $ 

96,488  $ 

(563)  $ 

(711)  $ 

(861) 

The Company recorded pension expense of $47 million, $59 million, $59 million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and 

OPEB income of $(0.1) million in 2021, 2020 and 2019 and charged the remaining amounts primarily to electric utility plant. 
The Utilities recorded pension expense of $47 million, $55 million and $57 million, respectively, and OPEB income of $(0.2) 
million, $(0.2) million and $(0.3) million in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and charged the remaining amounts primarily to 
electric utility plant.

Additional information on the defined benefit pension plans’ accumulated benefit obligations (ABOs), which do not 

consider projected pay increases (unlike the PBOs shown in the table above), and pension plans with ABOs and PBOs in excess 
of plan assets were as follows:

December 31
(in billions)
Defined benefit plans - ABOs
Defined benefit plans with ABO in excess of plan assets
     ABOs
     Fair value of plan assets 
Defined benefit plans with PBOs in excess of plan assets
     PBOs
     Fair value of plan assets 

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric 
consolidated

2021

2020

2021

2020

$ 

2.3  $ 

2.3  $ 

2.1  $ 

— 
— 

2.5 
2.2 

2.1 
2.0 

2.5 
2.0 

— 
— 

2.5 
2.1 

2.1 

2.1 
1.9 

2.4 
1.9 

166

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

HEI consolidated.  The Company estimates that the cash funding for the qualified defined benefit pension plans in 2022 
will be $41 million, which should fully satisfy the minimum required contributions to those plans, including requirements of 
the Utilities’ pension tracking mechanisms and the Plan’s funding policy. The Company’s current estimate of contributions to 
its other postretirement benefit plans in 2022 is nil.

As of December 31, 2021, the benefits expected to be paid under all retirement benefit plans in 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 
2026 and 2027 through 2031 amount to $102 million, $105 million, $108 million, $112 million, $116 million and $632 million, 
respectively.

Hawaiian Electric consolidated.  The Utilities estimate that the cash funding for the qualified defined benefit pension plan 
in 2022 will be $41 million, which should fully satisfy the minimum required contributions to that Plan, including requirements 
of the pension tracking mechanisms and the Plan’s funding policy. The Utilities’ current estimate of contributions to its other 
postretirement benefit plans in 2022 is nil.

As of December 31, 2021, the benefits expected to be paid under all retirement benefit plans in 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025, 

2026 and 2027 through 2031 amounted to $93 million, $96 million, $99 million, $102 million, $106 million and $580 million, 
respectively.

Defined contribution plans information.  For each of 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s expenses and cash contributions 
for its defined contribution plans under the HEIRSP and the ASB 401(k) Plan were $6 million,  $7 million and $7 million, 
respectively. The Utilities’ expenses and cash contributions for its defined contribution plan under the HEIRSP for 2021, 2020 
and 2019 were $3 million.

Retirement benefit plan changes.  On December 3, 2021, the Utilities’ union members ratified a new collective bargaining 
agreement (see Note 3), which includes changes to retirement benefits for all new employees commencing employment on or 
after January 1, 2022. The changes ratified in the collective bargaining agreement will apply to all employees of HEI and the 
Utilities first hired on or after January 1, 2022 (New Employees). New Employees are not eligible to participate in the HEI 
Pension Plan. Instead, New Employees will receive a non-elective employer contribution, equal to 10% of their annual 
compensation, subject to a vesting schedule, to their account under the HEIRSP, the defined contribution plan for HEI and the 
Utilities. Only New Employees are impacted by the retirement benefit plan changes. There are no retirement benefit plan 
changes for employees hired on or before December 31, 2021.			

Note 11 · Share-based compensation

Under the 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended, HEI can issue shares of common stock as incentive compensation 

to selected employees in the form of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, 
performance shares and other share-based and cash-based awards. The 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan (original EIP) was 
amended and restated effective March 1, 2014 (EIP) and an additional 1.5 million shares were added to the shares available for 
issuance under these programs.

As of December 31, 2021, approximately 2.9 million shares remained available for future issuance under the terms of the 
EIP, assuming recycling of shares withheld to satisfy statutory tax liabilities relating to EIP awards, including an estimated 0.5 
million shares that could be issued upon the vesting of outstanding restricted stock units and the achievement of performance 
goals for awards outstanding under long-term incentive plans (assuming that such performance goals are achieved at maximum 
levels).

Restricted stock units awarded under the EIP in 2021, 2020, 2019 and 2018 will vest and be issued in unrestricted stock in 

three (2021) or four (2020, 2019, 2018) equal annual increments on the anniversaries of the grant date and are forfeited to the 
extent they have not become vested for terminations of employment during the vesting period, except that pro-rata vesting is 
provided for terminations due to death, disability and retirement. Restricted stock units expense has been recognized in 
accordance with the fair-value-based measurement method of accounting. Dividend equivalent rights are accrued quarterly and 
are paid at the end of the restriction period when the associated restricted stock units vest.

Stock performance awards granted under the 2021-23, 2020-22 and 2019-21 long-term incentive plans (LTIP) entitle the 

grantee to shares of common stock with dividend equivalent rights once service conditions and performance conditions are 
satisfied at the end of the three-year performance period. LTIP awards are forfeited for terminations of employment during the 
performance period, except that pro-rata participation is provided for terminations due to death, disability and retirement based 
upon completed months of service after a minimum of 12 months of service in the performance period. Compensation expense 
for the stock performance awards portion of the LTIP has been recognized in accordance with the fair-value-based 
measurement method of accounting for performance shares.

167

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Under the 2011 Nonemployee Director Stock Plan (2011 Director Plan), HEI can issue shares of common stock as 
compensation to nonemployee directors of HEI, Hawaiian Electric and ASB. In June 2019, an additional 300,000 shares were 
made available for issuance under the 2011 Director Plan. As of December 31, 2021, there were 244,347 shares remaining 
available for future issuance under the 2011 Director Plan.

Share-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit were as follows:

(in millions)
HEI consolidated
Share-based compensation expense1
Income tax benefit
Hawaiian Electric consolidated
Share-based compensation expense1
Income tax benefit

2021

2020

$ 

9.1  $ 
1.4 

5.8  $ 
1.0 

2.7 
0.6 

1.8 
0.4 

2019

10.0 
1.4 

3.2 
0.6 

1 For 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company has not capitalized any share-based compensation.

Stock awards.  HEI granted HEI common stock to nonemployee directors under the 2011 Director Plan as follows:

(dollars in millions)
Shares granted
Fair value
Income tax benefit

2021
29,816 

1.3  $ 
0.3 

2020
36,100 

1.3  $ 
0.3 

2019
36,344 
1.6 
0.4 

$ 

The number of shares issued to each nonemployee director of HEI, Hawaiian Electric and ASB is determined based on the 

closing price of HEI common stock on the grant date.

Restricted stock units.  Information about HEI’s grants of restricted stock units was as follows:

Outstanding, January 1
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Outstanding, December 31
Outstanding, December 31
Total weighted-average grant-date fair value of 

2021

Shares 
193,939  $ 
137,582 
(79,623) 
(18,450) 
233,448  $ 

(1)

40.89 
34.66 
38.51 
39.92 
38.10 

2020

Shares 
207,641  $ 

78,595 
(77,719) 
(14,578) 
193,939  $ 

(1)

35.36 
47.99 
34.19 
36.20 
40.89 

2019

Shares 
200,358  $ 

96,565 
(76,813) 
(12,469) 
207,641  $ 

(1)

33.05 
37.82 
32.61 
34.20 
35.36 

shares granted (in millions)

$ 

4.8 

$ 

3.8 

$ 

3.7 

(1) Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share based on the average price of HEI common stock on the date of grant.

For 2021, 2020 and 2019, total restricted stock units and related dividends that vested had a fair value of $3.0 million, $4.2 

million and $3.2 million, respectively, and the related tax benefits were $0.6 million, $0.7 million and $0.5 million, 
respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $4.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested 

restricted stock units. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

Long-term incentive plan payable in stock.  The 2019-21, 2020-22 and 2021-23 LTIPs provide for performance awards 
under the EIP of shares of HEI common stock based on the satisfaction of performance goals, including a market condition 
goal. The number of shares of HEI common stock that may be awarded is fixed on the date the grants are made, subject to the 
achievement of specified performance levels and calculated dividend equivalents. The potential payout varies from 0% to 200% 
of the number of target shares, depending on the achievement of the goals. The market condition goal is based on HEI’s total 
shareholder return (TSR) compared to the Edison Electric Institute Index over the relevant three-year period. The other 
performance condition goals relate to EPS growth, return on average common equity (ROACE), renewable portfolio standards, 
Hawaiian Electric’s net income growth, ASB’s efficiency ratio and strategic initiatives and Pacific Current’s EBITDA growth 
and return on average invested capital.

168

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

LTIP linked to TSR.  Information about HEI’s LTIP grants linked to TSR was as follows:

Outstanding, January 1
Granted
Vested (issued or unissued and cancelled)
Forfeited
Outstanding, December 31
Total weighted-average grant-date fair value of shares 

granted (in millions)

2021

Shares
89,222  $ 
46,024 
(32,355) 
(11,917) 
90,974  $ 

(1)
42.10 
41.12 
38.20 
43.07 
42.86 

2020

Shares
96,402  $ 
24,630 
(29,409) 
(2,401) 
89,222  $ 

(1)
39.62 
48.62 
39.51 
41.22 
42.10 

2019

Shares
65,578  $ 
35,215 
— 
(4,391) 
96,402  $ 

(1)
38.81 
41.07 
— 
39.19 
39.62 

$ 

1.9 

$ 

1.2 

$ 

1.4 

(1) Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model.

The grant date fair values of the shares were determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model utilizing actual information 

for the common shares of HEI and its peers for the period from the beginning of the performance period to the grant date and 
estimated future stock volatility of HEI and its peers over the remaining three-year performance period. The expected stock 
volatility assumptions for HEI and its peer group were based on the three-year historic stock volatility. A dividend assumption 
is not required for the Monte Carlo simulation because the grant payout includes dividend equivalents and projected returns 
include the value of reinvested dividends.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used to determine the fair value of the LTIP awards linked to TSR and the 

resulting fair value of LTIP awards granted:

Risk-free interest rate
Expected life in years
Expected volatility
Range of expected volatility for Peer Group
Grant date fair value (per share)

2021
 0.19% 
3
 29.9% 
25.6% to 102.9%
$ 

41.12 

2020
 1.39% 
3
 13.1% 
13.6% to 95.4%

2019
 2.48% 
3
 15.8% 
15.0% to 73.2%

$ 

48.62 

$ 

41.07 

For 2021 and 2020, total vested LTIP awards linked to TSR and related dividends had a fair value of $0.8 million and $2.6 

million, respectively, and the related tax benefits were $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively. There were no share-based 
LTIP awards linked to TSR with a vesting date in 2019.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $1.0 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested 

performance awards payable in shares linked to TSR. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 
1.6 years.

LTIP awards linked to other performance conditions.  Information about HEI’s LTIP awards payable in shares linked to 

other performance conditions was as follows:

Outstanding, January 1
Granted
Vested
Increase above target (cancelled)
Forfeited
Outstanding, December 31

2021

Shares
220,715  $ 
184,102 
(43,155) 
(7,646) 
(47,674) 
306,342  $ 

(1)
41.03 
34.37 
34.12 
39.06 
38.74 
38.42 

2020

Shares
403,768  $ 
98,522 
(135,804) 
(136,163) 
(9,608) 
220,715  $ 

(1)
35.15 
48.10 
33.48 
36.44 
38.36 
41.03 

2019

Shares
276,169  $ 
140,855 
— 
4,314 
(17,570) 
403,768  $ 

(1)
33.80 
37.78 
— 
33.53 
34.66 
35.15 

Total weighted-average grant-date fair value of shares 
granted (at target performance levels) (in millions)

$ 

6.3 

$ 

4.7 

$ 

5.3 

(1) Weighted-average grant-date fair value per share based on the average price of HEI common stock on the date of grant.

For 2021 and 2020, total vested LTIP awards linked to other performance conditions and related dividends had a fair value 

of $1.7 million and $7.6 million, respectively, and the related tax benefits were $0.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively. 
There were no share-based LTIP awards linked to other performance conditions with a vesting date in 2019.

As of December 31, 2021, there was $3.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to the nonvested shares 
linked to performance conditions other than TSR. The cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 
years.

169

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 12 · Income taxes

The components of income taxes attributable to net income for common stock were as follows:

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Federal

Current 

Deferred

Deferred tax credits, net*

State

Current 

Deferred 

Deferred tax credits, net*

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

2021

2020

2019

2021

2020

2019

$ 

51,455  $ 

23,207  $ 

28,736  $ 

42,794  $ 

31,950  $ 

21,751 

(11,689) 

(4,215) 

(4,353) 

(12,109) 

(5,408) 

(7,793) 

10,979 

29,971 

13,410 

37,793 

302 

30,987 

1,549 

28,091 

13,155 

27,113 

8,430 

2,509 

— 

10,472 

(10,732) 

14,104 

13,844 

4,861 

8,279 

21 

3,768 

8,559 

— 

13,161 

12,327 

5,579 

(8,491) 

14,104 

11,192 

18,430 

10,939 

4,611 

44,377 

12,119 

6,290 

21 

Total

$ 

62,807  $ 

40,910  $ 

51,637  $ 

44,148  $ 

40,418  $ 

38,305 

*  

In 2021 and 2020, primarily represents federal tax credits related to Mauo’s solar-plus-storage project, deferred and amortized starting in 2021 and 2020, 
respectively. In 2019, primarily represents federal and state credits related to Hawaiian Electric’s West Loch PV project, deferred and amortized starting in 
2020.

A reconciliation of the amount of income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate to the amount provided in the 

consolidated statements of income was as follows:

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

2021

2020

2019

2021

2020

2019

Amount at the federal statutory income tax rate 

$  65,281 

$  50,531 

$  56,996 

$ 46,995 

$ 44,468 

$ 41,399 

Increase (decrease) resulting from:

State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit 

  15,735 

9,448 

  11,658 

  10,323 

  9,658 

  8,703 

Net deferred tax asset (liability) adjustment related to 

the Tax Act

Other, net 

Total

Effective income tax rate

(9,886) 

  (11,267) 

(9,255) 

  (9,886) 

  (11,267) 

  (9,255) 

(8,323) 

(7,802) 

(7,762) 

  (3,284) 

  (2,441) 

  (2,542) 

$  62,807 

$  40,910 

$  51,637 

$ 44,148 

$ 40,418 

$ 38,305 

 20.2% 

 17.0% 

 19.0% 

 19.7% 

 19.1% 

 19.4% 

170

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

The tax effects of book and tax basis differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

December 31
(in thousands)

Deferred tax assets

HEI consolidated

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

2021

2020

2021

2020

Regulatory liabilities, excluding amounts attributable to 

property, plant and equipment

$ 

87,817  $ 

93,684  $ 

87,817  $ 

Operating lease liabilities

Revenue taxes

Allowance for bad debts
Other1

Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities

Property, plant and equipment related

Operating lease right-of-use assets

Regulatory assets, excluding amounts attributable to property, 

plant and equipment

Retirement benefits

Other 

Total deferred tax liabilities

93,684 

34,586 

22,726 

4,835 

24,741 

35,449 

35,040 

26,217 

58,518 

41,582 

22,726 

31,973 

44,127 

29,661 

35,040 

7,156 

20,529 

243,041 

234,092 

180,203 

180,572 

500,659 

35,271 

23,700 

6,863 

61,308 

487,209 

41,370 

25,841 

18,407 

56,354 

490,713 

29,661 

23,700 

8,261 

36,502 

627,801 

629,181 

588,837 

473,734 

34,586 

25,841 

20,537 

23,672 

578,370 

Net deferred income tax liability
$ 
397,798 
1   As of December 31, 2021, HEI consolidated and Hawaiian Electric consolidated have deferred tax assets of $11.0 million and $2.5 million 
respectively, relating to the benefit of state tax credit carryforwards of $14.6 million and $3.4 million respectively. These state tax credit 
carryforwards primarily relate to the West Loch PV project and do not expire. The Company concluded that as of December 31, 2021, a 
valuation allowance is not required.

395,089  $ 

408,634  $ 

384,760  $ 

The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods 

in which those temporary differences are deductible. Based upon historical taxable income and projections for future taxable 
income, management believes it is more likely than not the Company and the Utilities will realize substantially all of the 
benefits of the deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, valuation allowances for deferred tax benefits were nil. 
The Utilities are included in the consolidated federal and Hawaii income tax returns of HEI and are subject to the provisions of 
HEI’s tax sharing agreement, which determines each subsidiary’s (or subgroup’s) income tax return liabilities and refunds on a 
standalone basis as if it filed a separate return (or subgroup consolidated return). 

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits for 2021, 2020 and 2019.

(in millions)

HEI consolidated
2020

2019

2021

Hawaiian Electric consolidated
2020

2019

2021

Unrecognized tax benefits, January 1

$ 

12.7  $ 

2.2  $ 

2.1  $ 

12.7  $ 

1.7  $ 

Additions based on tax positions taken during the year

Reductions based on tax positions taken during the year

Additions for tax positions of prior years

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

Lapses of statute of limitations

Settlement

2.8 

(0.5) 

7.6 

(5.5) 

— 

— 

0.2 

— 

11.6 

(0.1) 

(0.2) 

(1.0) 

0.5 

— 

0.1 

(0.2) 

(0.3) 

— 

0.3 

— 

0.2 

(1.6) 

— 

— 

0.2 

— 

11.6 

(0.1) 

(0.2) 

(0.5) 

Unrecognized tax benefits, December 31

$ 

17.1  $ 

12.7  $ 

2.2  $ 

11.6  $ 

12.7  $ 

1.6 

0.5 

— 

0.1 

(0.2) 

(0.3) 

— 

1.7 

At December 31, 2021 and 2020, there were $10.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits 
that, if recognized, would affect the Company’s annual effective tax rate. As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Utilities had 
$10.2 million and $11.6 million, respectively, of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the Utilities’ annual 
effective tax rate. 

HEI consolidated.  The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Interest expense-
other than on deposit liabilities and other bank borrowings” and penalties, if any, in operating expenses. In 2021, 2020 and 

171

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

2019, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million, $(0.5) million and $0.1 million, respectively, in interest expense. 
The Company had $0.3 million and $0.1 million of interest accrued as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. 

Hawaiian Electric consolidated.  The Utilities recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits in “Interest 
expense and other charges, net” and penalties, if any, in operating expenses. In 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Utilities recognized 
approximately $0.1 million, $(0.3) million and $0.1 million, respectively, in interest expense. The Utilities had $0.1 million and 
$0.1 million of interest accrued as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As of December 31, 2021, the disclosures above present the Company’s and the Utilities’ accruals for potential tax 

liabilities, which involve management’s judgment regarding the likelihood of the benefits being sustained under governmental 
review. While the Company and the Utilities currently do not expect material changes to occur in the next twelve months, the 
Company and the Utilities are generally unable to estimate the range of impacts on the balance of uncertain tax positions or the 
impact on the effective tax rate from the resolution of these issues until the Internal Revenue Service addresses them in the 
current examination process, and therefore, it is possible that the amount of unrecognized benefit with respect to the Company’s 
and the Utilities’ uncertain tax positions could  increase or decrease within the next 12 months. The final resolution of uncertain 
tax positions could result in adjustments to recorded amounts.

Based on information currently available, the Company and the Utilities believe these accruals have adequately provided 
for potential income tax issues with federal and state tax authorities, and that the ultimate resolution of tax issues for all open 
tax periods will not have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition or liquidity.

The statute of limitations for IRS examinations has expired for years prior to 2017. The Company is currently under IRS 

examination for the tax years 2017 and 2018. In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company and the Hawaii Department of 
Taxation agreed to a final assessment of tax liabilities for the years 2011 through 2018, however, the statute of limitations for 
Hawaii remains open for tax years 2017 and subsequent.

172

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Note 13 · Cash flows

Years ended December 31

(in millions)

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information

HEI consolidated

2021

2020

2019

Interest paid to non-affiliates, net of amounts capitalized

$ 

98  $ 

98  $ 

Income taxes paid (net of refundable credits)

Income taxes refunded (including refundable credits)

Hawaiian Electric consolidated
Interest paid to non-affiliates, net of amounts capitalized

Income taxes paid (net of refundable credits)

Income taxes refunded (including refundable credits)

Supplemental disclosures of noncash activities
HEI consolidated

Unpaid invoices and accruals for capital expenditures, balance, end of period (investing)

Loans transferred from held for investment to held for sale (investing)

Real estate transferred from property, plant and equipment to other assets held-for-sale 

(investing)

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations (investing)

Common stock issued (gross) for director and executive/management compensation 

(financing)1

Obligations to fund low income housing investments, net (investing)

Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Unpaid invoices and accruals for capital expenditures, balance, end of period (investing)

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations (investing)

HEI Consolidated and Hawaiian Electric consolidated

Electric utility property, plant and equipment

Estimated fair value of noncash contributions in aid of construction (investing)

41 

7 

71 

45 

5 

48 

61 

3 

44 

7 

36 

43 

44 

8 

32 

3 

65 

41 

3 

44 

— 

— 

26 

16 

25 

41 

17 

10 

107 

56 

4 

68 

55 

4 

64 

— 

— 

7 

5 

11 

62 

2 

9 

Reduction of long-term debt from funds previously transferred for repayment (financing)
1  The amounts shown represent the market value of common stock issued for director and executive/management compensation and withheld 

82 

— 

— 

to satisfy statutory tax liabilities.

Note 14 · Regulatory restrictions on net assets

The abilities of certain of HEI’s subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to HEI are subject to contractual 
and regulatory restrictions. Under the PUC Agreement, in the event that the consolidated common stock equity of the electric 
utility subsidiaries falls below 35% of the total capitalization of the electric utilities (including the current maturities of long-
term debt, but excluding short-term borrowings), the electric utility subsidiaries would, absent PUC approval, be restricted in 
their payment of cash dividends to 80% of the earnings available for the payment of dividends in the current fiscal year and 
preceding five years, less the amount of dividends paid during that period. The PUC Agreement also provides that the foregoing 
dividend restriction shall not be construed as relinquishing any right the PUC may have to review the dividend policies of the 
electric utility subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, the consolidated common stock equity of HEI’s electric utility 
subsidiaries was 57% of their total capitalization (as calculated for purposes of the PUC Agreement). As of December 31, 2021, 
Hawaiian Electric and its subsidiaries had common stock equity of $2.3 billion of which approximately $919 million was not 
available for transfer to HEI in the form of dividends, loans or advances without regulatory approval.

The ability of ASB to make capital distributions to HEI and other affiliates is restricted under federal law. Subject to a 
limited exception for stock redemptions that do not result in any decrease in ASB’s capital and would improve ASB’s financial 
condition, ASB is prohibited from declaring any dividends, making any other capital distributions, or paying a management fee 
to a controlling person if, following the distribution or payment, ASB would be deemed to be undercapitalized, significantly 
undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized. ASB is required to notify the FRB and OCC prior to making any capital 
distribution (including dividends) to HEI (through ASB Hawaii). All dividends are subject to review by the OCC and FRB and 

173

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

receipt of a letter from the FRB communicating the agencies’ non-objection to the payment of any dividend ASB proposes to 
declare and pay to ASB Hawaii and HEI. Generally, the FRB and OCC may disapprove or deny ASB’s request to make a 
capital distribution if the proposed distribution will cause ASB to become undercapitalized, or the proposed distribution raises 
safety and soundness concerns, or the proposed distribution violates a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or 
agreement between ASB and the OCC. As of December 31, 2021, in order to maintain its “well-capitalized” position, ASB 
could not transfer approximately $232 million of net assets to HEI.

HEI and its subsidiaries are also subject to debt covenants, preferred stock resolutions and the terms of guarantees that 

could limit their respective abilities to pay dividends. The Company does not expect that the regulatory and contractual 
restrictions applicable to HEI and/or its subsidiaries will significantly affect the operations of HEI or its ability to pay dividends 
on its common stock.

Note 15 · Significant group concentrations of credit risk

Most of the Company’s business activity is with customers located in the State of Hawaii. 

The Utilities are regulated operating electric public utilities engaged in the generation, purchase, transmission, distribution 
and sale of electricity on the islands of Oahu, Hawaii, Maui, Lanai and Molokai in the State of Hawaii. The Utilities provide the 
only electric public utility service on the islands they serve. The Utilities extend credit to customers, all of whom reside or 
conduct business in the State of Hawaii. See Note 3 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the Utilities’ 
major customers. The International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 1260 represents roughly half of the Utilities’ 
workforce covered by a collective bargaining agreement that expires on October 31, 2024. 

Most of ASB’s financial instruments are based in the State of Hawaii, except for the investment securities it owns. 
Substantially all real estate loans are collateralized by real estate in Hawaii. ASB’s policy is to require mortgage insurance on 
all real estate loans with a loan to appraisal ratio in excess of 80% at origination.

Pacific Current’s investments are in projects located in the State of Hawaii since its strategy is focused on investing in non-

regulated renewable energy and sustainable infrastructure in the State of Hawaii.

Note 16 · Fair value measurements

Fair value measurement and disclosure valuation methodology.  The following are descriptions of the valuation 
methodologies used for assets and liabilities recorded at fair value and for estimating fair value for financial instruments not 
carried at fair value:

Short-term borrowings—other than bank.  The carrying amount of short-term borrowings approximated fair value because 

of the short maturity of these instruments.

Investment securities.  The fair value of ASB’s investment securities is determined quarterly through pricing obtained from 
independent third-party pricing services or from brokers not affiliated with the trade. Non-binding broker quotes are infrequent 
and generally occur for new securities that are settled close to the month-end pricing date. The third-party pricing vendors ASB 
uses for pricing its securities are reputable firms that provide pricing services on a global basis and have processes in place to 
ensure quality and control. The third-party pricing services use a variety of methods to determine the fair value of securities that 
fall under Level 2 of ASB’s fair value measurement hierarchy. Among the considerations are quoted prices for similar securities 
in an active market, yield spreads for similar trades, adjustments for liquidity, size, collateral characteristics, historic and 
generic prepayment speeds, and other observable market factors.

To enhance the robustness of the pricing process, ASB will on a quarterly basis compare its standard third-party vendor’s 

price with that of another third-party vendor. If the prices are within an acceptable tolerance range, the price of the standard 
vendor will be accepted. If the variance is beyond the tolerance range, an evaluation will be conducted by ASB and a challenge 
to the price may be made. Fair value in such cases will be based on the value that best reflects the data and observable 
characteristics of the security. In all cases, the fair value used will have been independently determined by a third-party pricing 
vendor or non-affiliated broker.

The fair value of the mortgage revenue bonds is estimated using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present 

value of future principal and interest payments and, therefore is classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

174

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Loans held for sale.  Residential and commercial loans are carried at the lower of cost or market and are valued using 
market observable pricing inputs, which are derived from third party loan sales and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of 
the valuation hierarchy. 

Loans held for investment.  Fair value of loans held for investment is derived using a discounted cash flow approach which 

includes an evaluation of the underlying loan characteristics. The valuation model uses loan characteristics which includes 
product type, maturity dates and the underlying interest rate of the portfolio. This information is input into the valuation models 
along with various forecast valuation assumptions including prepayment forecasts, to determine the discount rate. These 
assumptions are derived from internal and third party sources. Since the valuation is derived from model-based techniques, 
ASB includes loans held for investment within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.

Collateral dependent loans.  Collateral dependent loans have been adjusted to fair value. When a loan is identified as 

collateral dependent, the Company measures the impairment using the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs. 
Depending on the characteristics of a loan, the fair value of collateral is generally estimated by obtaining external appraisals, 
but in some cases, the value of the collateral may be estimated as having little or no value. Non-real estate collateral may be 
valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based 
on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation and management’s 
expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. If it is determined 
that the value of the collateral dependent loan is less than its recorded investment, the Company recognizes this impairment and 
adjusts the carrying value of the loan to fair value through the allowance for credit losses.

Real estate acquired in settlement of loans.  Foreclosed assets are carried at fair value (less estimated costs to sell) and are 
generally based upon appraisals or independent market prices that are periodically updated subsequent to classification as real 
estate owned. Such adjustments typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. ASB 
estimates the fair value of collateral-dependent loans and real estate owned using the sales comparison approach. 

Mortgage servicing rights.  MSRs are capitalized at fair value based on market data at the time of sale and accounted for in 

subsequent periods at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. MSRs are evaluated for impairment at each reporting date. 
ASB's MSRs are stratified based on predominant risk characteristics of the underlying loans including loan type and note rate. 
For each stratum, fair value is calculated by discounting expected net income streams using discount rates that reflect industry 
pricing for similar assets. Expected net income streams are estimated based on industry assumptions regarding prepayment 
expectations and income and expenses associated with servicing residential mortgage loans for others. Impairment is 
recognized through a valuation allowance for each stratum when the carrying amount exceeds fair value, with any associated 
provision recorded as a component of loan servicing fees included in “Revenues - bank” in the consolidated statements of 
income. A direct write-down is recorded when the recoverability of the valuation allowance is deemed to be unrecoverable. 
ASB compares the fair value of MSRs to an estimated value calculated by an independent third-party. The third-party relies on 
both published and unpublished sources of market related assumptions and its own experience and expertise to arrive at a value. 
ASB uses the third-party value only to assess the reasonableness of its own estimate. ASB includes MSRs within Level 3 of the 
valuation hierarchy.

Time deposits.  The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit was estimated by discounting the future cash flows 

using the rates currently offered for FHLB advances of similar remaining maturities. Deposit liabilities are classified in Level 2 
of the valuation hierarchy.

Other borrowings.  For advances and repurchase agreements, fair value is estimated using quantitative discounted cash 
flow models that require the use of interest rate inputs that are currently offered for advances and repurchase agreements of 
similar remaining maturities. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, 
including broker market transactions and third party pricing services.

Long-term debt—other than bank.  Fair value of fixed-rate long-term debt—other than bank was obtained from third-party 

financial services providers based on the current rates offered for debt of the same or similar remaining maturities and from 
discounting the future cash flows using the current rates offered for debt of the same or similar risks, terms, and remaining 
maturities. The carrying amount of floating rate long-term debt—other than bank approximated fair value because of the short-
term interest reset periods. Long-term debt—other than bank is classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Interest rate lock commitments (IRLCs).  The estimated fair value of commitments to originate residential mortgage loans 

for sale is based on quoted prices for similar loans in active markets. IRLCs are classified as Level 2 measurements.

Forward sales commitments.  To be announced (TBA) mortgage-backed securities forward commitments are classified as 

Level 1, and consist of publicly-traded debt securities for which identical fair values can be obtained through quoted market 

175

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

prices in active exchange markets. The fair values of ASB’s best efforts and mandatory delivery loan sale commitments are 
determined using quoted prices in the market place that are observable and are classified as Level 2 measurements.

The following table presents the carrying or notional amount, fair value, and placement in the fair value hierarchy of the 

Company’s financial instruments.

(in thousands)

December 31, 2021
Financial assets

HEI consolidated
Available-for-sale investment securities

Held-to-maturity investment securities

Loans, net

Mortgage servicing rights

Derivative assets

Financial liabilities

HEI consolidated
Deposit liabilities

Short-term borrowings—other than bank

Other bank borrowings

Long-term debt, net—other than bank

Derivative liabilities

Hawaiian Electric consolidated
Long-term debt, net 

December 31, 2020
Financial assets

HEI consolidated
Available-for-sale investment securities

Held-to-maturity investment securities

Loans, net

Mortgage servicing rights

Derivative assets

Financial liabilities

HEI consolidated

Deposit liabilities
Short-term borrowings—other than bank

Other bank borrowings

Long-term debt, net—other than bank

Derivative liabilities

Hawaiian Electric consolidated
Short-term borrowings

Long-term debt, net

Estimated fair value

Carrying or 
notional
amount

Quoted prices in 
active markets for 
identical assets
 (Level 1)

Significant other 
observable inputs 
(Level 2)

Significant 
unobservable 
inputs 
(Level 3)

Total

$ 2,574,618  $ 

—  $ 

2,559,191  $ 

15,427  $  2,574,618 

522,270 

  5,150,388 

9,950 

57,377 

423,976 

53,998 

88,305 

  2,321,937 

57,000 

  1,676,402 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

11 

— 

510,474 

— 

510,474 

10,403 

  5,218,121 

  5,228,524 

— 

909 

14,480 

— 

14,480 

909 

442,361 

53,998 

88,304 

2,624,130 

5,271 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

442,361 

53,998 

88,304 

  2,624,130 

5,282 

1,955,710 

— 

  1,955,710 

$ 1,970,417  $ 

—  $ 

1,943,232  $ 

27,185  $  1,970,417 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

500 

— 

— 

229,963 

— 

229,963 

28,354 

  5,410,976 

  5,439,330 

— 

4,536 

10,705 

— 

10,705 

4,536 

552,800 

129,379 

89,669 

2,487,790 

4,530 

49,979 

1,890,490 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

552,800 

129,379 

89,669 

  2,487,790 

5,030 

49,979 

  1,890,490 

226,947 

  5,260,917 

10,020 

120,980 

548,830 

129,379 

89,670 

  2,119,129 

137,500 

49,979 

  1,561,302 

176

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Fair value measurements on a recurring basis.  Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as 
follows:

December 31

(in thousands)

2021

2020

Fair value measurements using

Fair value measurements using

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Available-for-sale investment securities (bank segment)

Mortgage-backed securities — issued or guaranteed by 
U.S. Government agencies or sponsored agencies

U.S. Treasury and federal agency obligations

Corporate bonds

Mortgage revenue bonds

Derivative assets 

Interest rate lock commitments (bank segment)1
Interest rate swap (Other segment)2

Derivative liabilities 

Forward commitments (bank segment)1
Interest rate swap (Other segment)2

— 

— 

— 

$ 

—  $ 2,437,923  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 1,849,559  $ 

— 

— 

— 

90,090 

31,178 

— 

— 

— 

  15,427 

— 

— 

— 

62,322 

31,351 

— 

  27,185 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

—  $ 2,559,191  $  15,427  $ 

—  $ 1,943,232  $  27,185 

—  $ 

638  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

4,536  $ 

— 

271 

— 

— 

— 

—  $ 

909  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

4,536  $ 

11  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

500  $ 

—  $ 

— 

5,271 

— 

— 

4,530 

11  $ 

5,271  $ 

—  $ 

500  $ 

4,530  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1  Derivatives are carried at fair value in other assets or other liabilities in the balance sheets with changes in value included in mortgage 

banking income.

2  Derivatives are included in other assets and other liabilities in the balance sheets.

There were no transfers of financial assets and liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy during the 

years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020.

The changes in Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:

(in thousands)

Mortgage revenue bonds

Balance, January 1

Principal payments received

Purchases

Unrealized gain (loss) included in other comprehensive income

Balance, December 31

2021

2020

27,185  $ 

(11,758)   

—   

—   

28,597 

(1,641) 

229 

— 

15,427  $ 

27,185 

$ 

$ 

Mortgage revenue bonds are issued by the Department of Budget and Finance of the State of Hawaii. The Company 
estimates the fair value by using a discounted cash flow model to calculate the present value of estimated future principal and 
interest payments. The unobservable input used in the fair value measurement is the weighted average discount rate. As of 
December 31, 2021, the weighted average discount rate was 2.07% which was derived by incorporating a credit spread over the 
one month LIBOR rate. Significant increases (decreases) in the weighted average discount rate could result in a significantly 
lower (higher) fair value measurement.

177

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (continued)

Fair value measurements on a nonrecurring basis.  Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring 
basis and therefore are not included in the tables above. These measurements primarily result from assets carried at the lower of 
cost or fair value or from impairment of individual assets. As of December 31, 2021, there were no financial instruments 
measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The carrying value of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis were 
as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

Loans

Mortgage servicing rights

Balance

Fair value measurements using
Level 2

Level 3

Level 1

$ 

387  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

3,001 

— 

— 

387 

3,001 

For 2021 and 2020, there were no adjustments to fair value for ASB’s loans held for sale.

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments 

measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

(dollars in thousands)

December 31, 2020
Commercial loan

Mortgage servicing rights

$ 

$ 

Fair value

Valuation technique

Significant unobservable 
input

Range

Weighted
Average

Significant unobservable
 input value (1)

387  Fair value of collateral

Appraised value less 
selling cost

N/A (2)

N/A (2)

3,001  Discounted cash flow

Prepayment speed

15%-22%

Discount rate

22%

9.3%

(1)  Represents percent of outstanding principal balance.
(2)   N/A - Not applicable. There is one asset in each fair value measurement type.

Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation would result in significantly higher (lower) fair value 

measurements.

178

 
 
 
 
ITEM 9. 

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

HEI and Hawaiian Electric: None

ITEM 9A.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

HEI:

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Scott W. H. Seu, HEI Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and Gregory C. Hazelton, HEI Chief Financial Officer (CFO), have 

evaluated the disclosure controls and procedures of HEI as of December 31, 2021. Based on their evaluation, as of 
December 31, 2021, they have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective in ensuring that information required to be 
disclosed by HEI in reports HEI files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

(1) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange 

Commission rules and forms, and

(2) is accumulated and communicated to HEI management, including HEI’s CEO and CFO, or persons performing similar 

functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term 

is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 

projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of 
December 31, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee 
of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2021.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021 has been audited by 

Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in its report which appears herein.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that 
have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Hawaiian Electric:

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Shelee M. T. Kimura, Hawaiian Electric CEO, and Tayne S. Y. Sekimura, Hawaiian Electric CFO, have evaluated the 

disclosure controls and procedures of Hawaiian Electric as of December 31, 2021. Based on their evaluation, as of 
December 31, 2021, they have concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 
15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) were effective in ensuring that information required to be 
disclosed by Hawaiian Electric in reports Hawaiian Electric files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

(1) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange 

Commission rules and forms, and

(2) is accumulated and communicated to Hawaiian Electric management, including Hawaiian Electric’s CEO and CFO, or 

persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

179

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term 
is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and Rule 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Hawaiian 
Electric’s internal control over financial reporting was designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of 
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 

projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of Hawaiian Electric’s internal control over financial reporting 

as of December 31, 2021 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO. 
Based on this evaluation, management has concluded that Hawaiian Electric’s internal control over financial reporting was 
effective as of December 31, 2021.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2021 that 

have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Hawaiian Electric’s internal control over financial 
reporting.

ITEM 9B.  OTHER INFORMATION

HEI and Hawaiian Electric: None

ITEM 9C.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

HEI and Hawaiian Electric: None

ITEM 10.  DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

HEI:

PART III

Information regarding HEI’s executive officers is provided in the “Information about our Executive Officers” section 

following Item 4 of this report.

The remaining information required by this Item 10 for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the following sections in  

HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement:

•
•
•

•

“Director Nominees for Election”
“Continuing Directors”
“Committees of the Board” (portions regarding whether HEI has an audit & risk committee and identifying its 
members; no other portion of the Committees of the Board section is incorporated herein by reference)
“Audit & Risk Committee Report” (portion identifying audit & risk committee financial experts who serve on the HEI 
Audit & Risk Committee only; no other portion of the Audit & Risk Committee Report is incorporated herein by 
reference)

180

Family relationships; director arrangements

There are no family relationships between any HEI director or director nominee and any other HEI director or director 
nominee or any HEI executive officer. There are no arrangements or understandings between any HEI director or director 
nominee and any other person pursuant to which such director or director nominee was selected. Information required to be 
reported under this caption is incorporated herein by reference to the “Other relationships and related person transactions” 
section in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Delinquent Section 16(a) reports

Information required to be reported under this caption is incorporated herein by reference to the “Delinquent 

Section 16(a) Reports” section in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Code of Conduct

HEI has a Corporate Code of Conduct that includes a code of ethics applicable to, among others, its principal executive 

officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The Corporate Code of Conduct is available on HEI’s 
website at www.hei.com. HEI intends to disclose the information required by Form 8-K, Item 5.05, “Amendments to the 
Registrant’s Code of Ethics, or Waiver of a Provision of the Code of Ethics,” through this website and such information will 
remain available on this website for at least a 12-month period.

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required by this Item 10 for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to pages 1 to 6 of 

Hawaiian Electric Exhibit 99.1.

ITEM 11.  EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

HEI:

The information required by this Item 11 for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the information relating to 

executive and director compensation in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required by this Item 11 for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to:

•
•

•

Pages 7 to 35 of Hawaiian Electric Exhibit 99.1 to this Form 10-K;
The discussion of “2020-22 Long-Term Incentive Plan” at pages 17 to 19 of Hawaiian Electric’s Exhibit 99.1 to 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020; and
Information concerning compensation paid to directors of Hawaiian Electric who are also directors of HEI under the 
section of HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement entitled, “Director Compensation.”

COMPENSATION & HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE INTERLOCKS AND INSIDER 
PARTICIPATION

HEI:

The information required to be reported under this caption for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the 

“Compensation & Human Capital Management Interlocks and Insider Participation” section in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required to be reported under this caption for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to page 

23 of Hawaiian Electric Exhibit 99.1.

181

ITEM 12.  SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

HEI:

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS

The information required by this Item 12 for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the “Stock Ownership Information-

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners” section in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Equity Compensation Plan Information 

Information as of December 31, 2021 about HEI Common Stock that may be issued under all of the Company’s equity 

compensation plans was as follows:

Plan category

Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders

Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders

Total

(a)
Number of
securities
to be issued upon
exercise of
outstanding
options, warrants
and rights (1)

(b)
Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding
options,
warrants and
rights 

(c)
Number of securities
remaining available for
future issuance
under equity
compensation plans
(excluding securities
reflected in column (a)) (2)

509,881  $ 

— 

509,881  $ 

— 

— 

— 

2,617,603 

— 

2,617,603 

(1) This column includes the number of shares of HEI Common Stock which may be issued under the HEI 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, 

as amended (EIP) on account of awards outstanding as of December 31, 2021, including: 

EIP

164,269  Restricted stock units plus estimated compounded dividend equivalents (if applicable)*

Shares to be issued in February 2022, 2023 and 2024 under the 2019-21, 2020-22 and 2021-23 LTIPs, respectively, 

345,612 

plus compounded dividend equivalents**

509,881 

*  Under the EIP as of December 31, 2021, RSUs count as one share against shares available for issuance less estimated shares 

withheld for taxes under net share settlement, which again become available for the issuance of new shares on a one-to-one basis.  

**  For shares to be issued in February 2023 and 2024 under the 2020-22 and 2021-23 LTIPs, respectively, the number of shares to be 
issued assumes that applicable performance goals are achieved and shares are issued at maximum levels, reduced by the estimated 
number of shares withheld for taxes.

(2) This represents the number of shares available as of December 31, 2021 for future awards, including 2,373,256 shares available for 

future awards under the EIP and 244,347 shares available for future awards under the 2011 Nonemployee Director Plan. 

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required by this Item 12 for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to pages 35 to 36 of 

Hawaiian Electric Exhibit 99.1.

ITEM 13.  CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

HEI:

The information required by this Item 13 for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the sections relating to related 

person transactions and director independence in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement.

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required by this Item 13 for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to pages 36 to 37 of 

Hawaiian Electric Exhibit 99.1.

182

 
 
 
ITEM 14.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

HEI:

The information required by this Item 14 for HEI is incorporated herein by reference to the relevant information in the Audit 

& Risk Committee Report in HEI’s 2022 Proxy Statement (but no other part of the “Audit & Risk Committee Report” is 
incorporated herein by reference).

Hawaiian Electric:

The information required by this Item 14 for Hawaiian Electric is incorporated herein by reference to page 38 of Hawaiian 

Electric Exhibit 99.1.

PART IV

ITEM 15.  EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) Financial statements

See Item 8 for the Consolidated Financial Statements of HEI and Hawaiian Electric. 

(a)(2) and (c) Financial statement schedules

The following financial statement schedules for HEI and Hawaiian Electric are included in this report on the 

pages indicated below:

Schedule I

Schedule II

NA Not applicable.

Condensed Financial Information of Registrant, Hawaiian Electric 
Industries, Inc. (Parent Company) at December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for 
the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and 
subsidiaries and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and subsidiaries for the 
years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019

Page/s in Form 10-K

HEI

Hawaiian Electric

184-186

188

NA

188

Certain schedules, other than those listed, are omitted because they are not required, or are not applicable, or the required 

information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 16.  FORM 10-K SUMMARY

HEI and Hawaiian Electric: None

183

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
SCHEDULE I — CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT
HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC. (PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31
(dollars in thousands)

Assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Accounts receivable

Property, plant and equipment, net

Deferred income tax assets

Other assets and intercompany receivables

Investments in subsidiaries, at equity

   Total assets   
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

Liabilities

Accounts payable

Interest payable

Commercial paper

Short-term debt, net

Long-term debt, net

Retirement benefits liability

Other

   Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity

2021

2020

$ 

479  $ 

873 

2,052 

17,000 

15,940 

299 

738 

2,456 

14,236 

18,726 

3,025,729 

2,893,781 

$  3,062,073  $  2,930,236 

$ 

914  $ 

2,238 

53,998 

— 

548,480 

26,340 

39,219 

671,189 

673 

2,918 

64,491 

14,909 

449,145 

31,688 

28,910 

592,734 

Preferred stock, no par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares; issued: none

— 

— 

Common stock, no par value, authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding: 

109,311,785 shares and 109,181,124 shares at December  31, 2021 and 2020, respectively

1,685,496 

1,678,368 

Retained earnings

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefits

   Total shareholders’ equity

   Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

757,921 

660,398 

(52,533)   

(1,264) 

2,390,884 

2,337,502 

$  3,062,073  $  2,930,236 

184

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
SCHEDULE I — CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (continued)
HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC. (PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Revenues

Equity in net income of subsidiaries

Expenses:

Operating, administrative and general

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Taxes, other than income taxes

       Total expenses

Income before interest expense and income tax benefits

Retirement defined benefits expense—other than service costs

Interest expense

Income before income tax benefits

Income tax benefits
Net income

2021

2020

2019

$ 

105  $ 

208  $ 

777 

278,743 

227,098 

246,005 

24,006 

20,731 

19,195 

414 

514 

24,934 

253,914 

485 

654 

21,870 

205,436 

(114)   

634 

18,444 

235,584 

10,582 

18,237 

186,565 

11,259 

570 

570 

20,335 

226,447 

442 

17,930 

208,075 

9,807 

$ 

246,166  $ 

197,824  $ 

217,882 

HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC. (PARENT COMPANY)
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Incorporated by reference are HEI and Subsidiaries’ Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income and Consolidated 

Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity in Part II, Item 8.

185

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
SCHEDULE I — CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF REGISTRANT (continued)
HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC. (PARENT COMPANY)
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

2021

2020

2019

$  154,151  $  134,363  $  131,120 

— 

— 

— 

(1,187) 

22,719 

(10)   

(20)   

— 

(47) 

(76,232)   

(42,664)   

(38,935) 

180 

2,435 

(1,001) 

(76,062)   

(17,530)   

(41,170) 

(10,493)   

(32,232)   

47,731 

— 

65,000 

(15,000)   

(50,000)   

150,000 

50,000 

(50,000)   

— 

— 

— 

66,300 

(66,300)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(2,006)   

(5,700)   

(997) 

(148,643)   

(144,096)   

(139,463) 

(1,767)   

(459)   

(10) 

(77,909)   

(117,487)   

(92,739) 

180 

299 

(654)   

(2,789) 

953 

3,742 

953 

$ 

479  $ 

299  $ 

Years ended December 31
(in thousands)

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities

Increase in note receivable from subsidiary 

Decrease in note receivable from subsidiary 

Capital expenditures

Investments in subsidiaries

Other
Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings with original maturities of three 

months or less

Proceeds from issuance of short-term debt

Repayment of short-term debt

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

Repayment of long-term debt

Proceeds from issuance of syndicated credit facility

Repayment of syndicated credit facility

Withheld shares for employee taxes on vested share-based compensation

Common stock dividends

Other
Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents, January 1
Cash and cash equivalents, December 31

186

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Basis of Presentation

The “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Part II, Item 8 should be read in conjunction with the above HEI 
(Parent Company) financial statements. All HEI subsidiaries are reflected in the Condensed Financial Statements under the 
equity method. Income taxes for equity method investments are included in “Equity in net income of subsidiaries.”

Long-term debt

The components of long-term debt, net, were as follows:

December 31
(dollars in thousands)

HEI 2.99% term loan, due 2022

HEI 5.67% senior note, due 2021

HEI 3.99% senior note, due 2023

HEI 4.58% senior notes, due 2025

HEI 4.72% senior notes, due 2028

HEI 2.82% senior notes, due 2028

HEI 2.48% senior notes, due 2028

HEI 2.98% senior notes, due 2030

HEI 3.15% senior notes, due 2031

HEI 2.78% senior notes, due 2031

HEI 3.74% senior notes, due 2051

Less unamortized debt issuance costs

Long-term debt, net

2021

2020

$ 

150,000  $ 

150,000 

— 

50,000 

50,000 

100,000 

24,000 

30,000 

50,000 

51,000 

25,000 

20,000 

50,000 

50,000 

50,000 

100,000 

— 

— 

50,000 

— 

— 

— 

(1,520)   

(855) 

$ 

548,480  $ 

449,145 

The aggregate payments of principal required within five years after December 31, 2021 on long-term debt are $150 

million in 2022, $50 million in 2023, nil in 2024, $50 million in 2025, nil for 2026, and $300 million thereafter.

Income taxes

The Company’s financial reporting policy for income tax allocations is based upon a separate entity concept whereby each 

subsidiary provides income tax expense (or benefits) as if each were a separate taxable entity. The difference between the 
aggregate separate tax return income tax provisions and the consolidated financial reporting income tax provision is charged or 
credited to HEI’s separate tax provision.

Dividends from HEI subsidiaries

In 2021, 2020 and 2019, cash dividends received from subsidiaries were $172 million, $145 million and $157 million, 

respectively. 

Supplemental disclosures of noncash activities

In 2021, 2020 and 2019, $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, of HEI accounts receivable from ASB 

Hawaii were reduced with a corresponding reduction in HEI notes payable to ASB Hawaii in noncash transactions.

In 2021, 2020 and 2019, $2.1 million, $2.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively, were contributed as equity by HEI into 

ASB Hawaii with a corresponding increase in HEI notes payable to ASB Hawaii in noncash transactions.

Under the HEI DRIP, common stock dividends reinvested by shareholders in HEI common stock in noncash transactions 
was immaterial for 2021, 2020 and 2019 as HEI satisfied the share purchase requirements of the DRIP in 2021, 2020 and 2019 
through open market purchases of its common stock rather than new issuances.

187

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and subsidiaries
and Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and subsidiaries
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 

(in thousands)

Description

Col. A

2021

Allowance for uncollectible accounts – 

electric utility

2020

Allowance for uncollectible accounts – 

electric utility

2019

Allowance for uncollectible accounts – 

electric utility

Col. B

Balance
at begin-
ning of
period

Col. C

Additions

Col. D

Col. E

Charged to
costs and
expenses

Charged
to other
accounts

Deductions

Balance at
end of
period

$  17,809 

$ 

4,183 

$  11,795  (a)

$ 

7,687  (b)

$  26,100 

$  1,377 

$ 

2,100 

$  18,041  (a)

$ 

3,709  (b)

$  17,809 

$  1,480 

$ 

2,106 

$ 

795  (a)

$ 

3,004  (b)

$ 

1,377 

(a)

Includes recoveries, as well as $10,700 and $16,700 of bad debt expenses for 2021 and 2020, respectively, that have been deferred to 
regulatory assets pursuant to a PUC order as the recovery is probable. Total deferred bad debt expense of $10,700 in 2021 is net of a 
$2,000 reversal associated with customer bill credits to be provided under the Utilities’ bill forgiveness program.

(b) Bad debts charged off. 

188

(a)(3) and (b) Exhibits

The exhibits listed for HEI and Hawaiian Electric are listed in the index under the headings “HEI” and “Hawaiian 

Electric,” respectively, except that the exhibits listed under “Hawaiian Electric” are also exhibits for HEI.

EXHIBIT INDEX

The exhibits designated by an asterisk (*) are filed herewith. The exhibits not so designated are incorporated by reference to the 
indicated filing. 

Exhibit no.

Description

HEI’s Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation effective June 2, 2020.

HEI’s Amended and Restated Bylaws effective June 2, 2020.

Description of HEI Common Stock

Agreement to provide the SEC with instruments which define the rights of 
holders of certain long-term debt of HEI and its subsidiaries.

Master Note Purchase Agreement among HEI and the Purchasers thereto, 
dated March 24, 2011.

First Supplement to Note Purchase Agreement among HEI and the Purchasers 
thereto, dated March 6, 2013.

8-K

1-8503

4(a)

3/6/13

Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan, restatement effective 
January 1, 2013.

10-K

1-8503

HEI:
3(i)

3(ii)

4

4.1

4.2

4.2(a)

4.3

4.3(a)

4.3(b)

4.3(c)

4.3(d)

4.3(e)

4.3(f)

4.3(g)

4.3(h)

4.4

4.4(a)

4.4(b)

4.4(c)

4.4(d)

4.4(e)

4.4(f)

*

*

Amendment 2014-1 to Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan, 
effective as of January 1, 2015

Amendment 2015-1 to Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan, 
effective as of February 1, 2015

Amendment 2015-2 to Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan, 
effective as of February 1, 2015

Amendment 2019-1 to Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings Plan, 
effective as of May 6, 2019
Amendment 2019-2 to the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings 
Plan, effective as of August 1, 2019

Amendment 2020-1 to the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings 
Plan, effective as of March 13, 2020

Amendment 2021-1 to the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings 
Plan, effective as of November 30, 2021

Amendment 2021-2 to the Hawaiian Electric Industries Retirement Savings 
Plan, effective as of December 9, 2021

Master Trust Agreement dated as of September 4, 2012 between HEI and ASB 
and Fidelity Management Trust Company, as Trustee 

Letter Amendment effective November 28, 2012 to Master Trust Agreement 
dated as of September 4, 2012 between HEI and ASB and Fidelity 
Management Trust Company.

Letter Amendment effective October 1, 2014 to Master Trust Agreement dated 
as of September 4, 2012 between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.

First Amendment effective March 1, 2015 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
as of September 4, 2012)  between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.
Letter Amendment effective August 3, 2015 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
as of September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.

Letter Amendment effective August 15, 2017 to Master Trust Agreement 
(dated September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.

Second Amendment effective January 1, 2018 to Master Trust Agreement 
(dated September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.

189

File 

Form

Number Exhibit #

10-Q

8-K

10-K

10-K

1-8503

1-8503

1-8503

1-8503

3.1

3.1

4

4.1

Filing 
date

8/6/20

6/8/20

2/28/20
3/31/93

8-K

1-8503

4(a)

3/28/11

S-8

S-8

S-8

S-8

333-
232360

333-
232360

333-
232360

333-
232360

10-Q

1-8503

10-Q

1-8503

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.2

4.1

2/19/13

6/26/19

6/26/19

6/26/19

6/26/19

11/1/19

5/5/20

10-Q

1-8503

4

11/8/12

10-K

1-8503

4.6(a)

2/19/13

10-Q

1-8503

10-Q

1-8503

4

4

11/6/14

5/6/15

10-K

1-8503

4.4(d)

3/1/18

10-Q

1-8503

4

11/2/17

10-K

1-8503

4.4(f)

3/1/18

Exhibit no.
4.4(g)

4.4(h)

4.4(i)

4.4(j)

4.4(k)

4.4(l)

4.5

4.6

4.6(a)

4.6(b)

4.6(c)

10.1

10.2

10.3

Description

Letter of Direction effective January 2, 2018 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management Trust 
Company.
Third Amendment effective July 1, 2018 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management Trust 
Company.

File 

Form
10-K

Number Exhibit #
1-8503

4.4(g)

Filing 
date
3/1/18

10-Q

1-8503

4

8/3/18

Fourth Amendment effective June 26, 2019 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management Trust 
Company.

S-8

333-
232360

4.15

6/26/19

Letter Amendment effective November 1, 2019 to Master Trust Agreement 
(dated September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company.
Fifth Amendment effective March 1, 2020 to Master Trust Agreement (dated 
September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management Trust 
Company

Letter Amendment effective October 15, 2021 to Master Trust Agreement 
(dated September 4, 2012) between HEI and ASB and Fidelity Management 
Trust Company
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase 
Plan, as amended and restated, effective November 8, 2019.
American Savings Bank 401(k) Plan, restatement effective January 1, 2013.

Amendment 2013-1 to the American Savings Bank 401(k) Plan, effective 
January 1, 2014.

Amendment 2019-1 to the American Savings Bank 401(k) Plan, effective as of 
May 6, 2019.

10-K

1-8503

4.4(j)

2/28/20

10-Q

1-8503

4.2

5/5/20

10-Q

1-8503

4

11/5/21

S-3

10-K

10-K

S-8

333-
234591
1-8503

1-8503

333-
232361

4.3

4.8

4.7(a)

4.5

4.1

11/8/19

2/19/13

2/23/16

6/26/19

2/28/20

Amendment 2020-1 to the American Savings Bank 401(k) Plan, effective as of 
January 1, 2020.

10-K

1-8503

Conditions for the Merger and Corporate Restructuring of Hawaiian Electric 
Company, Inc. dated September 23, 1982.

10-K

1-8503

10.1

2/28/07

Regulatory Capital Maintenance/Dividend Agreement dated May 26, 1988, 
between HEI, HEIDI and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation 
(by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle).

8-K

1-8503

(28)-2

5/26/88**

OTS letter regarding release from Part II.B. of the Regulatory Capital 
Maintenance/Dividend Agreement dated May 26, 1988.

10-K

1-8503

10.3(a)

3/31/93

HEI Exhibits 10.4 through 10.20 are management contracts or compensatory plans or 
arrangements required to be filed as exhibits pursuant to Item 15(b) of this report. HEI Exhibits 
10.4 through 10.18 are also management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements with 
Hawaiian Electric participants.

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.7(a)

10.7(b)

10.7(c)

10.7(d)

10.7(e)

10.8

10.9

HEI Executive Incentive Compensation Plan amended as of February 4, 2013.

HEI Executives’ Deferred Compensation Plan amended and restated effective 
January 1, 2019.

10-K

10-K

1-8503

1-8503

10.4

10.5

2/19/13

2/28/19

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended 
and restated November 16, 2010.

10-K

1-8503

10.6

2/18/11

1-8503 Appendix 

3/25/14

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. 2010 Equity and Incentive Plan, as amended 
and restated February 14, 2014.

Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement pursuant to 2010 Equity and 
Incentive Plan.

Form of Stock Appreciation Right Agreement pursuant to 2010 Equity and 
Incentive Plan.

Form of Restricted Shares Agreement pursuant to 2010 Equity and Incentive 
Plan.

Form of Performance Shares Agreement pursuant to 2010 Equity and 
Incentive Plan.

Proxy 
(DEF 
14A)

S-8

S-8

S-8

S-8

333-
166737

333-
166737

333-
166737

333-
166737

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement, pursuant to 2010 Equity and 
Incentive Plan, as amended and restated February 5, 2021.

10-Q

1-8503

D

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

10

HEI Long-Term Incentive Plan amended and restated as of February 5, 2021.

HEI Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan amended and restated as of 
January 1, 2009.

10-K

10-Q

1-8503

1-8503

10.8

10.3

190

5/11/10

5/11/10

5/11/10

5/11/10

5/10/21

2/26/21

11/5/08

File 

Form
10-K

Number Exhibit #
1-8503

10.9(a)

Filing 
date
2/27/09

10-K

10-K

10-K

10-K

10-K

10-K

10-Q

10-Q

1-8503

10.10

2/27/09

1-8503

10.10(a)

2/27/09

1-8503

10.10(c)

2/19/13

1-8503

1-8503

1-8503

1-8503

1-8503

10.11

10.15

10.13

10.5

10.6

2/27/09

3/27/90**

2/28/20

11/5/08

11/5/08

10-Q

1-8503

10.1

11/2/09

10-Q

1-8503

10

8/3/18

10-Q

1-8503

10.2

11/5/08

10-Q

1-8503

10.1

11/8/12

10-Q

1-8503

10.7

11/5/08

10-K

1-8503

10.20(a)

2/23/16

10-K

1-8503

10.20(b)

2/23/16

10-K

1-8503

10.20(c)

2/23/16

10-K

1-8503

10.20(d)

3/1/18

10-K

1-8503

10.20(e)

2/28/20

10-Q

1-8503

10.8

11/5/08

10-K

1-8503

10.19(b)

2/27/09

10-Q

1-8503

10.1

8/9/21

10-Q

1-8503

10.2

8/9/21

Exhibit no.
10.9(a)

Amendments to the HEI Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Freezing 
Benefit Accruals Effective December 31, 2008.

Description

10.10

HEI Excess Pay Plan amended and restated as of January 1, 2009.

10.10(a)

HEI Excess Pay Plan Addendum for Constance H. Lau.

10.10(b)

Amendment No. 1 dated December 13, 2010 to January 1, 2009 Restatement 
of HEI Excess Pay Plan.

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

Form of Change in Control Agreement.

Nonemployee Director Retirement Plan, effective as of October 1, 1989.

HEI 2011 Nonemployee Director Stock Plan, as amended effective October 
31, 2019.

HEI Non-Employee Directors’ Deferred Compensation Plan.

Executive Death Benefit Plan of HEI and Participating Subsidiaries 
restatement effective as of January 1, 2009.

10.15(a)

Resolution of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. Re: Adoption of Amendment No. 1 to 
January 1, 2009 Restatement of the Executive Death Benefit Plan.

10.16

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.19(a)

10.19(b)

10.19(c)

10.19(d)

10.19(e)

10.20

10.20(a)

10.21

10.22***

Amended and Restated Severance Pay Plan for Management Employees of 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. and Executive Employees of Affiliates, 
effective as of April 2, 2018.

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. Executives’  Deferred Compensation Plan 
effective on January 1, 2009.

Form of Indemnity Agreement (HEI, Hawaiian Electric and ASB with their 
respective directors and HEI with certain of its senior officers).

American Savings Bank Select Deferred Compensation Plan (Restatement 
Effective January 1, 2009).

Amendment No. 1 to January 1, 2009 Restatement of American Savings Bank 
Select Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 30, 2009.

Amendment No. 2 to January 1, 2009 Restatement of American Savings Bank 
Select Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 29, 2010.

Amendment No. 3 to January 1, 2009 Restatement of American Savings Bank 
Select Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 3, 2014.

Amendment No. 4 to January 1, 2009 Restatement of American Savings Bank 
Select Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 4, 2017.

Amendment No. 5 to January 1, 2009 Restatement of American Savings Bank 
Select Deferred Compensation Plan dated December 5, 2018.

American Savings Bank Supplemental Executive Retirement, Disability, and 
Death Benefit Plan, effective January 1, 2009.

Amendments to the American Savings Bank Supplemental Executive 
Retirement, Disability, and Death Benefit Plan Freezing Benefit Accruals 
Effective December 31, 2008.

Executive Separation and Release Agreement dated as of May 5, 2021 between 
Richard F. Wacker, American Savings Bank, F.S.B., and Hawaiian Electric 
Industries, Inc.

Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2021, 
among Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc., as Borrower, the Lenders Party 
Hereto, and Bank of America, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association, as 
Co-Syndication Agents, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MUFG 
Union Bank, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Bank of Hawaii and The Toronto-
Dominion Bank, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents, and 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and 
Issuing Bank, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A. as 
Sustainability Structuring Agents and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., BofA 
Securities, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers 
and Joint Book Runners.

* 11

* 21.1

* 23.1

* 31.1

HEI - Computation of Earnings per Share of Common Stock.

HEI - Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Deloitte & 
Touche LLP).

Certification Pursuant to Section 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 of Scott W. H. Seu (HEI Chief Executive Officer).

191

Exhibit no.
* 31.2

Description

File 

Form

Number Exhibit #

Filing 
date

Certification Pursuant to Section 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 of Gregory C. Hazelton (HEI Chief Financial Officer).

* 32.1

HEI Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

* 101.INS

XBRL Instance Document.

* 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

* 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

* 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

* 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

* 101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in 
Exhibit 101)

Hawaiian Electric:

3(i).1

3(i).2

3(i).3

3(i).4

3(ii)

4

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

10.1(a)

10.1(b)

Hawaiian Electric’s Certificate of Amendment of Articles of Incorporation.

Articles of Amendment to Hawaiian Electric’s Amended Articles of 
Incorporation.

Articles of Amendment to Hawaiian Electric’s Amended Articles of 
Incorporation.

10-K

10-K

1-4955

1-4955

3.1

3/31/89

3.1(b)

3/27/90**

10-K

1-4955

3(i).4

3/23/99

Articles of Amendment amending Article V of Hawaiian Electric’s Amended 
Articles of Incorporation effective August 6, 2009.

10-Q

1-4955

3(i).4

8/7/09

Hawaiian Electric’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (as last amended August 6, 
2010).

8-K

1-4955

3(ii)

8/9/10

Description of Hawaiian Electric’s Preferred Stock

Agreement to provide the SEC with instruments which define the rights of 
holders of certain long-term debt of Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light 
and Maui Electric

Note Purchase Agreement among Hawaiian Electric and the Purchasers that 
are parties thereto, dated April 19, 2012.

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Maui 
Electric and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated April 19, 2012.

10-K

10-K

1-4955

1-4955

4

4.1

2/28/20
3/19/03

8-K

1-4955

4(a)

4/23/12

8-K

1-4955

4(b)

4/23/12

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii 
Electric Light and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated April 19, 2012.

8-K

1-4955

4(c)

4/23/12

Note Purchase Agreement among Hawaiian Electric and the Purchasers that 
are parties thereto, dated September 13, 2012.

Note Purchase Agreement among Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and the 
Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated as of October 3, 2013.

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Maui 
Electric Company, Limited and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated as 
of October 3, 2013.

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii 
Electric Light Company, Inc. and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated 
as of October 3, 2013.

Note Purchase Agreement among Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and the 
Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated as of October 15, 2015.

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Maui 
Electric Company, Limited and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated as 
of October 15, 2015.

Note Purchase and Guaranty Agreement among Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii 
Electric Light Company, Inc. and the Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated 
as of October 15, 2015.

Note Purchase Agreement among Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. and the 
Purchasers that are parties thereto, dated as of December 15, 2016.

Power Purchase Agreement between Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., and Hawaiian 
Electric dated October 14, 1988.

8-K

1-4955

4

9/14/12

8-K

1-4955

4(a)

10/7/13

8-K

1-4955

4(b)

10/7/13

10-Q

1-4955

4

11/7/13

8-K

1-4955

4(a)

10/16/15

8-K

1-4955

4(b)

10/16/15

8-K

1-4955

4(c)

10/16/15

8-K

1-4955

4

12/19/16

10-Q

1-4955

10(a)

11/14/88

Amendment No. 1 to Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric 
and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated June 15, 1989.

10-Q

1-4955

10(c)

8/14/89

192

Exhibit no.
10.1(c)

10.1(d)

10.1(e)

10.1(f)

10.1(g)

10.1(h)

10.1(i)

Description

Lease Agreement between Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., as Lessor, and Hawaiian 
Electric, as Lessee, dated February 27, 1989.

Restated and Amended Amendment No. 2 to Power Purchase Agreement 
between Hawaiian Electric and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated February 9, 
1990.

Amendment No. 3 to Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric 
and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated December 10, 1991.

Amendment No. 4 to Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric 
and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated October 1, 1999.

Confirmation Agreement Concerning Section 5.2B(2) of Power Purchase 
Agreement and Amendment No. 5 to Power Purchase Agreement between 
Hawaiian Electric and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated October 12, 2004.

Agreement for Increment Two Capacity and Amendment No. 6 to Power 
Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., 
dated October 12, 2004.

Letter agreement dated July 28, 2016 and executed August 1, 2016 extending 
the term of the Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric and 
Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated October 14, 1988 (as amended).

*

10.1(j)

Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric 
and Kalaeloa Partners, L.P., dated October 29, 2021.

File 

Form
10-Q

Number Exhibit #
1-4955

10(d)

Filing 
date
8/14/89

10-K

1-4955

10.2(c)

3/27/90**

10-K

1-4955

10.2(e)

3/24/92

10-Q

1-4955

10.1

11/8/00

10-Q

1-4955

10.3

11/5/04

10-Q

1-4955

10.4

11/5/04

10-Q

1-4955

10

11/4/16

10.2(a)

10.2(b)

10.2(c)

10.2(d)

10.2(e)

Power Purchase Agreement between AES Barbers Point, Inc. and Hawaiian 
Electric, entered into on March 25, 1988.

10-Q

1-4955

10(a)

5/16/88

Agreement between Hawaiian Electric and AES Barbers Point, Inc., pursuant 
to letters dated May 10, 1988 and April 20, 1988.

10-K

1-4955

10.4

3/31/89

Amendment No. 1, entered into as of August 28, 1988, to Power Purchase 
Agreement between AES Barbers Point, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric.

10-Q

1-4955

10

11/13/89

Hawaiian Electric’s Conditional Notice of Acceptance to AES Barbers 
Point, Inc. dated January 15, 1990.

Amendment No. 2, entered into as of May 8, 2003, to Power Purchase 
Agreement between AES Hawaii, Inc. and Hawaiian Electric.

10-K

1-4955

13(c)

3/27/90**

10-K

1-4955

10.2(e)

3/9/04

*

10.2(f)

Amended and Restated Amendment No.4, entered into as of November 25, 
2021, to Power Purchase Agreement between AES Hawaii, Inc. and Hawaiian 
Electric

10.3(a)

10.3(b)

10.3(c)

10.3(d)

10.3(e)

10.3(f)

10.3(g)

10.3(h)

Purchase Power Contract between Hawaii Electric Light and Thermal Power 
Company dated March 24, 1986.

10-Q

1-4955

10(a)

8/14/89

Firm Capacity Amendment between Hawaii Electric Light and Puna 
Geothermal Venture (assignee of AMOR VIII, who is the assignee of Thermal 
Power Company) dated July 28, 1989 to Purchase Power Contract between 
Hawaii Electric Light and Thermal Power Company dated March 24, 1986.

Amendment made in October 1993 to Purchase Power Contract between 
Hawaii Electric Light and Puna Geothermal Venture dated March 24, 1986, as 
amended.

Third Amendment dated March 7, 1995 to the Purchase Power Contract 
between Hawaii Electric Light and Puna Geothermal Venture dated March 24, 
1986, as amended.

Performance Agreement and Fourth Amendment dated February 12, 1996 to 
the Purchase Power Contract between Hawaii Electric Light and Puna 
Geothermal Venture dated March 24, 1986, as amended.

Fifth Amendment dated February 7, 2011 to the Purchase Power Contract 
between Hawaii Electric Light and Puna Geothermal Venture dated March 24, 
1986, as amended.

10-Q

1-4955

10(b)

8/14/89

10-K

1-4955

10.5(b)

3/27/98

10-K

1-4955

10.5(c)

3/27/98

10-K

1-4955

10.5(b)

3/25/96

10-K

1-4955

10.4(f)

2/17/12

Power Purchase Agreement between Puna Geothermal Venture and Hawaii 
Electric Light dated February 7, 2011.

10-K

1-4955

10.4(g)

2/17/12

Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement between Puna Geothermal 
Venture and Hawaii Electric Light dated December 31, 2019 (subject to PUC 
approval).

10-K

1-4955

10.3(h)

2/28/20

193

Exhibit no.
10.4(a)

10.4(b)

10.4(c)

10.4(d)

10.5

10.5(a)

Description

Power Purchase Agreement between Encogen Hawaii, L.P. and Hawaii 
Electric Light dated October 22, 1997 (but with the following attachments 
omitted: Attachment C, “Selected portions of the North American Electric 
Reliability Council Generating Availability Data System Data Reporting 
Instructions dated October 1996” and Attachment E, “Form of the 
Interconnection Agreement between Encogen Hawaii, L.P. and Hawaii 
Electric Light,” which is provided in final form as Exhibit 10.6(b)).

Interconnection Agreement between Encogen Hawaii, L.P. and Hawaii 
Electric Light dated October 22, 1997.

Amendment No. 1, executed on January 14, 1999, to Power Purchase 
Agreement between Encogen Hawaii, L.P. and Hawaii Electric Light dated 
October 22, 1997.

Notice and acknowledgment under power purchase agreement effective 
November 24, 2017 by Hamakua Energy, LLC and acknowledged by Hawaii 
Electric Light.
Supply Contract for Low Sulfur Fuel Oil, High Sulfur Fuel Oil, No. 2 Diesel, 
and Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel by and between Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii 
Electric Light, and Maui Electric and PAR Hawaii Refining, LLC dated 
January 21, 2019 (certain confidential information has been omitted)

First Amendment dated June 9, 2020 to Supply Contract for Low Sulfur Fuel 
Oil, High Sulfur Fuel Oil, No. 2 Diesel, and Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel by and 
between Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii Electric Light, and Maui Electric and PAR 
Hawaii Refining, LLC dated January 21, 2019 (certain confidential 
information has been omitted).

*

10.6

Inter-Island Fuel Transportation Contract between Sause Bros., Inc. and 
Hawaiian Electric dated August 23, 2021 (certain confidential information has 
been omitted)

File 

Form
10-K

Number Exhibit #
1-4955

10.7

Filing 
date
3/27/98

10-K

1-4955

10.7(a)

3/27/98

10-K

1-4955

10.7(b)

3/23/99

10-K

1-4955

10.4(d)

3/1/18

10-Q

1-4955

10

5/7/19

10-Q

1-4955

10

8/6/20

10.8

10.9***

11

* 21.2

* 31.3

* 31.4

* 32.2

* 99.1

Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement between Hawaiian Electric 
and Hu Honua Bioenergy, LLC dated May 9, 2017.

10-K

1-4955

10.11(a)

3/1/18

10-Q

1-4955

10.3

8/9/21

Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2021, 
among Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc., as Borrower, the Lenders Party 
Hereto, and Bank of America, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association, as 
Co-Syndication Agents, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, MUFG 
Union Bank, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, Bank of Hawaii and The Toronto-
Dominion Bank, New York Branch, as Co-Documentation Agents, and 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swingline Lender and 
Issuing Bank, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Bank of America, N.A. as 
Sustainability Structuring Agents and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., BofA 
Securities, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association, as Joint Lead Arrangers 
and Joint Book Runners.

Computation of Earnings Per Share of Common Stock (Calculated using 
December 31 market price per common share divided by basic earnings per 
common share).

Hawaiian Electric - Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

Certification Pursuant to Section 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 of Shelee M. T. Kimura (Hawaiian Electric Chief Executive Officer).

Certification Pursuant to Section 13a-14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 of Tayne S. Y. Sekimura (Hawaiian Electric Chief Financial Officer).

Hawaiian Electric Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.

Hawaiian Electric’s Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance; 
Hawaiian Electric’s Executive Compensation; Hawaiian Electric’s Security 
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related 
Stockholder Matters; Hawaiian Electric’s Certain Relationships and Related 
Transactions, and Director Independence; and Hawaiian Electric’s Principal 
Accounting Fees and Services.

** Date of transmittal letter to SEC.

*** Schedules and exhibits have been omitted from this filing pursuant to Item 601(a) (5) of the Regulation S-K. We agree to furnish a copy 
of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

194

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused 
this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. The execution of this report by registrant 
Hawaiian Electric Company, Inc. shall be deemed to relate only to matters having reference to such registrant and its 
subsidiaries.

HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES, INC.

HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC COMPANY, INC.

(Registrant)

(Registrant)

By

/s/ Gregory C. Hazelton

Gregory C. Hazelton

By

/s/ Tayne S. Y. Sekimura

Tayne S. Y. Sekimura

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer 

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer 

(Principal Financial Officer of HEI)

  (Principal Financial Officer of Hawaiian Electric)

and Treasurer

Date:

February 25, 2022

Date:

February 25, 2022

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrants and in the capacities indicated on February 25, 2022. The execution of this report by each of 
the undersigned who signs this report solely in such person’s capacity as a director or officer of Hawaiian Electric 
Company, Inc. shall be deemed to relate only to matters having reference to such registrant and its subsidiaries.

Signature

/s/ Scott W. H. Seu

Scott W. H. Seu

/s/ Shelee M. T. Kimura

Shelee M. T. Kimura

/s/ Gregory C. Hazelton

Gregory C. Hazelton

/s/ Tayne S. Y. Sekimura

Tayne S. Y. Sekimura

/s/ Paul K. Ito

Paul K. Ito

/s/ Shannon K. Asato

Shannon K. Asato

/s/ James A. Ajello
James A. Ajello

Title

President & Chief Executive Officer of HEI and 

Director of HEI

(Principal Executive Officer of HEI)

President & Chief Executive Officer of Hawaiian Electric

   and Director of Hawaiian Electric

   (Principal Executive Officer of Hawaiian Electric)

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

of HEI (Principal Financial Officer of HEI)

Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

of Hawaiian Electric (Principal Financial Officer 

of Hawaiian Electric)

Vice President, Tax, Controller and Treasurer

of HEI (Principal Accounting Officer of HEI)

Controller of Hawaiian Electric

(Principal Accounting Officer of Hawaiian Electric)

Director of Hawaiian Electric

195

Signature

/s/ Kevin M. Burke

Kevin M. Burke

/s/ Celeste A. Connors

Celeste A. Connors

/s/ Richard J. Dahl

Richard J. Dahl

/s/ Thomas B. Fargo

Thomas B. Fargo

/s/ Elisia K. Flores

Elisia K. Flores

/s/ Peggy Y. Fowler

Peggy Y. Fowler

/s/ Timothy E. Johns

Timothy E. Johns

/s/ Micah A. Kāne

Micah A. Kāne

/s/ Alana Kobayashi Pakkala

Alana Kobayashi Pakkala

/s/ Keith P. Russell

Keith P. Russell

/s/ William James Scilacci, Jr.

William James Scilacci, Jr.

/s/ Kelvin H. Taketa

Kelvin H. Taketa

/s/ Toby B. Taniguchi
Toby B. Taniguchi

Title

Director of Hawaiian Electric

Director of HEI 

Director of HEI

Chairman of the Board of Directors of HEI

Director of HEI

Director of HEI

Chairman of the Board of  Directors of Hawaiian Electric

Director of HEI

Director of Hawaiian Electric

Director of HEI

Director of HEI

Director of Hawaiian Electric

Director of Hawaiian Electric

196

Appendix A 
Shareholder Return Performance Graph 

 The graph below compares the cumulative total shareholder return on HEI Common Stock against the cumulative 
total return of the companies listed on the S&P 500 Stock Index and the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) Index of Investor-
Owned Electric Companies (39 companies were included as of December 31, 2021). The graph is based on the market 
price of common stock for all companies in the indices at December 31 each year and assumes that $100 was invested on 
December 31, 2016, in HEI Common Stock and the common stock of all companies in the indices and that dividends 
were reinvested. 

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE FIVE YEAR TOTAL RETURN
*+,-./01+23+43*5,56.7089340893:9./37+7.63/975/2
*+,-./01+23+43*5,56.7089340893:9./37+7.63/975/2
*+,-./01+23+43*5,56.7089340893:9./37+7.63/975/2

$250
!%"#
!%"#
!%"#

$200
!%##
!%##
!%##

$150
!$"#
!$"#
!$"#

$100
!$##
!$##
!$##

$50
!"#
!"#
!"#

2016
%#$&
%#$&
%#$&

Source: S&P Global Inc. 

2017
%#$'
%#$'
%#$'

2018
%#$(
%#$(
%#$(

2019
%#$)
%#$)
%#$)

2020
%#%#
%#%#
%#%#

2021
%#%$
%#%$
%#%$

Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc.
!"#"$$"%&'()*+,$*&-%./0+,$)01&-%*2
!"#"$$"%&'()*+,$*&-%./0+,$)01&-%*2
!"#"$$"%&'()*+,$*&-%./0+,$)01&-%*2

S&P 500 Index
345&677&-%.)8
345&677&-%.)8
345&677&-%.)8

EEI Index
''-&-%.)8
''-&-%.)8
''-&-%.)8

 
Executive Management (as of March 1, 2022)

HEI

Scott W. H. Seu
President and Chief Executive Officer, 
Hawaiian Electric Industries, Inc. 
Chair, American Savings Bank, F.S.B.

Gregory C. Hazelton
Executive Vice President and Chief 
Financial Officer  

Kurt K. Murao
Executive Vice President, General 
Counsel, Chief Administrative Officer 
and Corporate Secretary

Darcy L. Endo-Omoto
Vice President, Executive Advisor 
to the President

Avelino J. Halagao, Jr.
Vice President, Corporate and  
Community Advancement
President, HEI Foundation

Paul K. Ito
Vice President, Tax, Controller  
and Treasurer

Christine N. Ohashi
Vice President, Internal Audit

Julie R. Smolinski
Vice President, Investor Relations and 
Corporate Sustainability

HAWAIIAN ELECTRIC

Shelee M. T. Kimura
President and Chief Executive Officer

Jimmy D. Alberts
Senior Vice President and Chief 
Operations Officer

Jason E. Benn
Senior Vice President and 
Chief Information Officer

Colton K. Ching
Senior Vice President, 
Planning and Technology

Tayne S. Y. Sekimura
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial 
Officer and Treasurer

Joseph P. Viola
Senior Vice President, Customer, 
Legal and Regulatory Affairs

Claire K. S. Cooper
Vice President, Human Resources 
and Chief People Strategist

Rebecca L. Dayhuff Matsushima
Vice President, Resource Procurement

Robert C. Isler
Vice President, Power Supply

James P. Kelly
Vice President, Government and 
Community Relations and Corporate 
Communications

Erin P. Kippen
Vice President, General Counsel, 
Chief Compliance Officer and 
Corporate Secretary

Keola Siafuafu
Vice President, Enterprise Operations 
Services

Rudy W. Tamayo
Vice President, Energy Delivery

Edward S. Tavares
Vice President, Cybersecurity Risk 
Management and Chief Information 
Security Officer

AMERICAN SAVINGS BANK

Ann C. Teranishi
President and Chief Executive Officer

Danielle K. N. Aiu
Executive Vice President, Consumer 
Banking

Gabriel S. H. Lee
Executive Vice President,  
Commercial Markets

Steven R. Nakahara
Executive Vice President,  
Chief Credit Officer

David S. Oyadomari 
Executive Vice President,  
Customer Experience and Operations

Natalie M. H. Taniguchi 
Executive Vice President, Enterprise 
Risk and Regulatory Relations

Dane A. Teruya
Executive Vice President and 
Chief Financial Officer

John S. Ward
Executive Vice President and  
Chief Marketing and Product Officer

K. Elizabeth Whitehead
Executive Vice President and Chief 
Administrative Officer 

Brian M. Yoshii
Executive Vice President and Chief 
Information Officer

PACIFIC CURRENT

Scott A. Valentino
President

HEI

Timothy E. Johns
Chair, Hawaiian Electric
Chair, Hawaiian Electric Audit 
and Risk Committee
President and CEO, Zephyr 
Insurance Company, Inc.

HEI

50687 Merrill_HEIAR21-030722-1025pm_OL.indd   1

3/8/22   6:06 PM