Helen of Troy
Annual Report 2023

Plain-text annual report

Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission file number 001-14669 HELEN OF TROY LIMITED (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Bermuda (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 74-2692550 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) Clarendon House 2 Church Street Hamilton, Bermuda (Address of principal executive offices) 1 Helen of Troy Plaza El Paso, Texas 79912 (Registrant's United States Mailing Address) (915) 225-8000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Shares, $0.10 par value per share HELE The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☒ ☐ Non-accelerated filer Accelerated filer Smaller reporting company Emerging growth company ☐ ☐ ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Table of Contents Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of August 31, 2022, based upon the closing price of the common shares as reported by The NASDAQ Global Select Market on such date, was approximately $2,937.8 million. As of April 21, 2023, there were 24,038,567 common shares, $0.10 par value per share, outstanding. Portions of the Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders to be filed within one hundred and twenty days of the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023 (2023 Proxy Statement) are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report to the extent described herein. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE PAGE 3 12 29 29 29 30 31 33 34 67 70 120 120 120 120 121 121 121 121 121 122 125 126 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I Business Item 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments Item 2. Item 3. Item 4. Properties Legal Proceedings Mine Safety Disclosures PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Reserved Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Item 6. Item 7. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Item 8. Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Item 9B. Other Information Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections PART III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance Executive Compensation Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Principal Accounting Fees and Services PART IV Item 15. Item 16. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules Form 10-K Summary Signatures 1 Table of Contents EXPLANATORY NOTE In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”), which includes the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes, unless otherwise indicated or the context suggests otherwise, references to “the Company”, “our Company”, “Helen of Troy”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Helen of Troy Limited and its subsidiaries. We refer to our common shares, par value $0.10 per share, as “common stock.” References to “EMEA” refer to the combined geographic markets of Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We use product and service names in this Annual Report for identification purposes only and they may be protected in the United States and other jurisdictions by trademarks, trade names, service marks, and other intellectual property rights of ours and other parties. The absence of a specific attribution in connection with any such mark does not constitute a waiver of any such right. All trademarks, trade names, service marks, and logos referenced herein belong to their respective owners. References to “fiscal” in connection with a numeric year number denotes our fiscal year ending on the last day of February, during the year number listed. References to “the FASB” refer to the Financial Accounting Standards Board. References to “GAAP” refer to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “U.S.”). References to “ASU” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Updates issued by the FASB. References to “ASC” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Codification issued by the FASB. 2 Table of Contents Item 1. Business Our Company PART I We incorporated as Helen of Troy Corporation in Texas in 1968 and were reorganized as Helen of Troy Limited in Bermuda in 1994. We are a leading global consumer products company offering creative products and solutions for our customers through a diversified portfolio of brands. We have built leading market positions through new product innovation, product quality and competitive pricing. We go to market under a number of brands, some of which are licensed. Our Leadership Brands are brands which have number-one or number-two positions in their respective categories and include the OXO, Hydro Flask, Osprey, Vicks, Braun, Honeywell, PUR, Hot Tools and Drybar brands. Segment Information During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization in connection with our global restructuring plan (as further described below) that resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment, which is referred to herein as “Beauty & Wellness.” In connection with these organizational structure changes, corresponding changes were made to how our business is managed, how results are reported internally and how our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), our chief operating decision maker, assesses performance and allocates resources. We believe that these changes better align internal resources and external go to market activities in order to create a more efficient and effective organizational structure. There were no changes to the products or brands included within our Home & Outdoor reportable segment as part of these organizational changes nor to the way in which our CEO assesses performance and allocates resources for the Home & Outdoor segment. As a result of these changes, our disclosures reflect two reportable segments, Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. Comparative prior period segment information in this Annual Report has been recast to conform to this change in our reportable segments. Our external reportable segments will continue to align with our internal reporting to enable users of the financial statements to better understand our performance, better assess our future net cash flows, and make more informed judgements about the Company as a whole. We currently operate in two business segments: • Home & Outdoor: Provides a broad range of innovative consumer products for home activities such as food preparation, cooking, cleaning, and organization; as well as products for outdoor and on the go activities such as hydration, food storage, backpacks, and travel gear. This segment sells primarily to retailers as well as through our direct-to-consumer channel. • Beauty & Wellness: Provides beauty and wellness products including mass and prestige market beauty appliances, prestige market liquid-based hair and personal care products, and wellness devices including thermometers, water and air filtration systems, humidifiers, and fans. Sales for the segment are primarily to retailers, distributors, beauty supply wholesalers and through our direct-to-consumer channel. For more segment and geographic information concerning our net sales revenue, long-lived assets and operating income, refer to Note 18 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Our Strategic Initiatives Fiscal 2019 marked the completion of Phase I of our transformation strategy, which delivered improved organic sales growth by focusing on our Leadership Brands, strategic acquisitions, becoming a more efficient operating company with strong global shared services, upgrading our organization and culture, improved inventory turns and return on invested capital, and returning capital to shareholders. Fiscal 3 Table of Contents 2020 began Phase II of our transformation, which was designed to drive the next five years of progress. The long-term objectives of Phase II include improved organic sales growth, continued margin expansion, and strategic and effective capital deployment. Phase II includes continued investment in our Leadership Brands, with a focus on growing them through consumer-centric innovation, expanding them more aggressively outside the U.S., and adding new brands through acquisition. We are building further shared service capability and operating efficiency, as well as focusing on attracting, retaining, unifying and training the best people. Additionally, we are continuing to enhance and consolidate our Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) efforts and accelerate programs related to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging (“DEI&B”) to support our Phase II transformation. See “ESG Initiatives” and “Human Capital - DEI&B” for further discussion below of our initiatives in these areas. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we focused on developing a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs (referred to as “Project Pegasus”). Project Pegasus includes initiatives to further optimize our brand portfolio, streamline and simplify the organization, accelerate cost of goods savings projects, enhance the efficiency of our supply chain network, optimize our indirect spending, and improve our cash flow and working capital, as well as other activities. We anticipate these initiatives will create operating efficiencies, as well as provide a platform to fund future growth investments. As part of our initiative focused on streamlining and simplifying the organization, we made further changes to the structure of our organization, which include the creation of a North America Regional Market Organization (“RMO”) responsible for sales and go to market strategies for all categories and channels in the U.S. and Canada, and further centralization of certain functions under shared services, particularly in operations and finance to better support our business segments and RMOs. This new structure, inclusive of the organizational structure changes described above resulting in the reportable segment change, will reduce the size of our global workforce by approximately 10%. We believe that these changes better focus business segment resources on brand development, consumer-centric innovation and marketing, the RMOs on sales and go to market strategies, and shared services on their respective areas of expertise while also creating a more efficient and effective organizational structure. See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd., a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair under the Curlsmith brand (“Curlsmith”). The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. The acquisition of Curlsmith adds another prestige market brand of products to our Beauty & Wellness portfolio and further advances our Phase II objective of continuing to expand margin. On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey Packs, Inc. (“Osprey”), a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs, for $409.3 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. Osprey is highly respected in the outdoor industry with a product lineup that includes a wide range of backpacks and daypacks for hiking, mountaineering, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, trail running, commuting, and school, as well as rugged adventure travel packs, wheeled luggage, and travel accessories. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. The acquisition of Osprey complements our outdoor platform, accelerates our international strategy and added a 9th Leadership Brand to the Company. Consistent with our strategy of focusing resources on our Leadership Brands, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Beauty & Wellness segment's mass channel personal care business, which included liquid, powder and aerosol products under brands such as Pert, Brut, Sure and Infusium (“Personal Care”). On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $44.7 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) totaling $0.5 million. On March 25, 2022, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business to HRB 4 Table of Contents Brands LLC, for $1.8 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $1.3 million. The net assets sold included intangible assets, inventory, certain net trade receivables, fixed assets and certain accrued sales discounts and allowances relating to our Personal Care business. As a result of these dispositions, we no longer have any assets or liabilities classified as held for sale. Our Products The following table summarizes the types of products we sell by business segment: Segment Home & Outdoor Product Category Food Preparation, Baking and Storage Coffee and Tea Cleaning and Bath Infant and Toddler Hot and Cold Beverage Containers and Food Transport and Storage Solutions Backpacks, Daypacks, Luggage and Accessories Beauty & Wellness Hair Appliances and Accessories Personal and Hair Care (1) Wellness Devices Primary Products Food preparation tools and gadgets including serving plates and bowls, utensils, scales, thermometers, measuring cups and spoons, timers, barware, cookware, bakeware, food storage containers and storage and organization products Coffee makers, grinders, manual pour overs and tea kettles Household cleaning products, shower organization and bathroom accessories Feeding and drinking products, child seating, cleaning tools and nursery accessories Insulated hydration bottles, hydration packs, drinkware, mugs, food containers, lunch containers, insulated totes, soft coolers and accessories Technical and outdoor sports packs, hydration and travel packs and accessories, bike packs and bags, daypacks and everyday packs, duffel bags and luggage Mass, professional and prestige market hair appliances, grooming brushes, tools and decorative hair accessories Prestige market shampoos, liquid hair styling products, treatments and conditioners Thermometers, blood pressure monitors, pulse oximeters, nasal aspirators, humidifiers, faucet mount water filtration systems and pitcher-based water filtration systems, air purifiers, heaters, and fans (1) During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Personal Care business, which included our mass channel liquid, powder and aerosol products. At the beginning of fiscal 2023, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business. During fiscal 2022, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business. For additional information see Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Our Trademarks We market products under a number of trademarks that we own and sell certain of our products under trademarks licensed from third parties. We believe our principal trademarks, both owned and licensed, have high levels of brand name recognition among retailers and consumers throughout the world. Through our favorable partnerships with our licensors, we believe we have developed stable, enduring relationships that provide access to unique brands that complement our owned and internally developed trademarks. The Beauty & Wellness segment relies on the continued use of trademarks licensed under various agreements for a significant portion of its net sales revenue. New product introductions under licensed trademarks require approval from the respective licensors. The licensors must also approve the product packaging. Some of our license agreements require us to pay minimum royalties. At the beginning of fiscal 2023, we sold our Brut trademark in connection with the sale of our Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business. During fiscal 2022, we sold our Pert, Sure and Infusium trademarks in connection with the sale of our North America Personal Care business. 5 Table of Contents The following table lists our key trademarks by segment: Segment Owned Licensed Home & Outdoor OXO, Good Grips, Hydro Flask, Soft Works, OXO tot, OXO Brew, OXO Strive, OXO Outdoor, Osprey Beauty & Wellness Drybar, Hot Tools, Curlsmith, PUR Patents and Other Intellectual Property Revlon, Bed Head, Honeywell, Braun, Vicks We maintain utility and design patents in the U.S. and several foreign countries. We also protect certain details about our processes, products and strategies as trade secrets, keeping confidential the information that we believe provides us with a competitive advantage. Sales and Marketing We currently market our products in over 100 countries throughout the world. Sales within the U.S. comprised approximately 74%, 78% and 79% of total net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our segments primarily sell their products through mass merchandisers, drugstore chains, warehouse clubs, home improvement stores, grocery stores, specialty stores, beauty supply retailers, e- commerce retailers, wholesalers, and various types of distributors, as well as directly to consumers. We collaborate extensively with our retail customers and, in many instances, produce specific versions of our product lines with exclusive designs and packaging for their stores, which are appropriately priced for their respective customer bases. We market products principally through the use of outside sales representatives and our own internal sales staff, supported by our internal marketing, category management, engineering, creative services, and customer and consumer service staff. These groups work closely together to develop pricing and distribution strategies, to design packaging and to help develop product line extensions and new products. Research and Development Our research and development activities focus on new, differentiated and innovative products designed to drive sustained organic growth. We continually invest to strengthen our product design and research and development capabilities, including extensive studies to gain consumer insights. Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and employee benefit expenses and contracted development and testing efforts associated with development of products. Manufacturing and Distribution We contract with unaffiliated manufacturers, primarily in China, Mexico and Vietnam, to manufacture a significant portion of our finished goods for the Home & Outdoor segment and our Beauty & Wellness segment's hair appliances and accessories, as well as certain wellness product categories. The personal and hair care category of the Beauty & Wellness segment sources most of its products from U.S. manufacturers. Finished goods manufactured by vendors in Asia comprised approximately 87%, 88%, and 80% of finished goods purchased in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. We occupy owned and leased office and distribution space in various locations to support our operations. These facilities include our U.S. headquarters in El Paso, Texas, and distribution centers in Southaven, Mississippi, and Olive Branch, Mississippi, which are used to support a significant portion of our domestic distribution. In March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024. 6 Table of Contents Customers Sales to our largest customer, Amazon.com Inc., accounted for approximately 17%, 19% and 20% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales to our second largest customer, Target Corporation, accounted for approximately 10% in fiscal 2023 and 11% in both fiscal 2022 and 2021 of our consolidated net sales revenue. Sales to our third largest customer, Walmart, Inc., including its worldwide affiliates, accounted for approximately 10%, 11% and 13% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales revenue during these fiscal years. Sales to our top five customers accounted for approximately 43%, 49% and 52% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Order Backlog When placing orders, our individual consumer, retail and wholesale customers usually request that we ship the related products within a short time frame. As such, there usually is no significant backlog of orders in any of our distribution channels. Seasonality The following table illustrates the seasonality of our net sales revenue by fiscal quarter as a percentage of annual net sales revenue for the periods presented: May August November February Fiscal Quarters Ended Last Day of Month 2023 2022 2021 24.5 % 25.2 % 26.9 % 23.4 % 24.3 % 21.4 % 28.1 % 26.2 % 20.0 % 25.3 % 30.4 % 24.3 % Our sales are seasonal due to different calendar events, holidays and seasonal weather patterns. Historically, the third fiscal quarter produces the highest net sales revenue during the fiscal year. Competitive Conditions We generally sell our products in markets that are very competitive and mature. Our products compete against similar products of many large and small companies, including well-known global competitors. In many of the markets and industry segments in which we sell our products, we compete against other branded products as well as retailers' private-label brands. We believe that we have certain key competitive advantages, such as well recognized brands, engineering expertise and innovation, sourcing and supply chain know-how, and productive co-development relationships with our manufacturers. We support our products with advertising, promotions and other marketing activities, as well as an extensive sales force in order to build awareness and to encourage new consumers to try our brands and products. We are well positioned in the industry segments and markets in which we operate, often holding a leadership or significant market share position. We believe these advantages allow us to bring our retailers a differentiated value proposition. 7 Table of Contents The following table summarizes our primary competitors by business segment: Segment Home & Outdoor Beauty & Wellness Competitor Lifetime Brands, Inc. (KitchenAid), Breville Group, Corning Incorporated (Pyrex), Meyer Corporation (Farberware), Newell Brands Inc., Simple Human LLC, Yeti Holdings, Inc., Bradshaw International (GoodCook), Patagonia, Gregory Mountain Products, Mystery Ranch, CamelBak, The North Face, Deuter Conair, Spectrum Brands Holdings Inc. (Remington), Coty Inc., Dyson Ltd, L'Oréal S.A., DevaCurl, Exergen Corporation, Omron Healthcare, Inc., Crane Engineering, Newell Brands, Inc., Lasko Products, LLC, The Clorox Company (Brita), Zero Technologies, LLC, Vornado Air Circulation Systems, Unilever (Blueair), Guardian Technologies LLC. Environmental and Health and Safety Matters Our operations are subject to national, state, local, and provincial jurisdictions’ environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and industry-specific product certifications. Many of the products we sell are subject to product safety laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. These laws and regulations specify the maximum allowable levels of certain materials that may be contained in our products, provide statutory prohibitions against misbranded and adulterated products, establish ingredients and manufacturing procedures for certain products, specify product safety testing requirements, and set product identification, labeling and claim requirements. For example, some of our Beauty & Wellness segment’s customers require that our hair appliances comply with various safety certifications, including UL certifications. Similarly, thermometers distributed by our Beauty & Wellness segment must comply with various regulations governing the production and distribution of medical devices. Additionally, some product lines within our Beauty & Wellness segment are subject to product identification, labeling and claim requirements, which are monitored and enforced by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. During fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. The EPA did not raise any product quality, safety or performance issues. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. Our fiscal 2022 consolidated, and Beauty & Wellness segment’s, net sales revenue, gross profit and operating income were materially and adversely impacted by the stop shipment actions and the time needed to execute repackaging plans. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. Although, we are not aware of any fines or penalties related to this matter imposed against us by the EPA, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed. We recorded charges to cost of goods sold to write-off obsolete packaging for the affected products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit. We have also incurred additional compliance costs comprised of obsolete packaging, storage and other charges from vendors, which were recognized in cost of goods sold and incremental warehouse storage costs and legal fees, which were recognized in SG&A. We refer to these charges as “EPA compliance costs” throughout this Annual Report. 8 Table of Contents The following table provides a summary of EPA compliance costs incurred during the periods presented: (in thousands) Cost of goods sold SG&A Total EPA compliance costs Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 16,928 1 $ 6,645 23,573 $ 17,728 2 $ 14,626 32,354 $ — — — (1) Includes a $4.4 million charge to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected additional humidifier products and affected additional air filtration products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023. (2) Includes a $13.1 million charge to cost of goods sold to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected air filtration, water filtration and humidifier products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022. In addition, we incurred and capitalized into inventory costs to repackage a portion of our existing inventory of the affected products beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 through completion of the repackaging in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. An emerging trend with governmental and non-governmental organizations, consumers, shareholders, retail customers, communities, and other stakeholders is increased focus and expectations on ESG matters. These trends have led to, among other things, increased public and private social accountability reporting requirements relating to labor practices, climate change, human trafficking and other ESG matters and greater demands on our packaging and products. In our product space, some requirements have already been mandated and we believe others may become required in the future. Examples of current requirements include conflict minerals content reporting, customer reporting of foreign fair labor practices in connection with our supply chain vendors, and evaluating the risks of human trafficking and slavery. We believe that we are in material compliance with these laws, regulations and other reporting requirements. Due to the nature of our operations and the frequently changing nature of compliance and social reporting standards and technology, we cannot predict with any certainty what future material capital or operating expenditures, if any, will be required in order to comply with applicable laws, regulations and other reporting mandates. Further, any failure to achieve our ESG goals or a perception of our failure to act responsibly or to effectively respond to new, or changes in, legal or regulatory requirements relating to ESG concerns could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation. ESG Initiatives We seek to maintain best-in-class level of corporate governance on behalf of our stakeholders, including our associates, customers, consumers, communities, and shareholders. We also recognize the importance of environmental and social factors related to how we operate our business. We are continuing to enhance and consolidate our ESG efforts and accelerate programs related to DEI&B to support our Phase II transformation. The Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors has oversight of ESG-related matters, including climate change risks and opportunities. Our ESG Task Force, which includes associate representatives from our business segments and global shared services, leads the development and implementation of our strategic ESG plan with the goal of aligning our ESG performance with relevant standards, such as the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) and the Task Force on Climate Finance Disclosures (“TCFD”). In June 2022, we published our second ESG Report, which aligns with relevant standards such as the SASB, the TCFD and the Global Reporting Initiative. Our ESG Report summarizes our ESG strategy and performance, including in the areas of climate change, DEI&B and human capital, and environmental and natural capital management. Information in our ESG Report 9 Table of Contents is not part of this Annual Report or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing. We are implementing a system to minimize negative impacts of our practices on the environment and continue to work on initiatives to reduce emissions in our supply chain and product use. As part of these efforts and in order to strengthen our support of climate action, we became a signatory of We Mean Business, a coalition of organizations and businesses with a goal of catalyzing business action to accelerate the transition to a zero-carbon economy. With our participation in this coalition, we intend to (1) report climate change data and measures to the Carbon Disclosure Project aligned with the guidelines of the TCFD, (2) implement a responsible climate policy, and (3) develop targets which were approved in October 2021 by the Science Based Targets initiative. We will also continue to advance our DEI&B efforts as part of our ESG initiatives to support our focus on attracting and retaining top talent, and to help promote a work environment where everyone has the opportunity to grow to their fullest potential. We believe progress on our ESG initiatives will have a positive impact on our shareholders, consumers, customers, our talented worldwide associates and the communities in which we are proud to live and work. Human Capital Overview We are committed to fostering a positive and engaging culture of inclusion, care, and support where all people throughout our global workforce can thrive. Resources provided to enhance associates' “total well-being” include learning and development opportunities, charitable leave policy, financial advice and stock purchase programs, health and wellness programs, and product discounts. Perks and benefits vary by region and office. We also monitor our culture and associate engagement through a number of methods, including periodic culture surveys. We have a performance evaluation and feedback program for all of our associates. We encourage career planning at all levels of the Company. We have a formal system for identifying and developing talent and growth for associates within our organization and support the creation of development and succession plans across key positions in the Company. Our senior leadership team develops and recommends to the Board of Directors succession plans for all of our senior management. We believe our culture, fair pay, benefits, rewards and recognition, healthy-living initiatives, collaborative projects, and open communication between management and staff enables us to attract and retain talented associates. Our Associates As of February 28, 2023, we employed approximately 1,903 full-time associates worldwide. We also use temporary, part-time and seasonal associates as needed. None of our U.S. associates are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. Certain of our associates in Europe and Vietnam are covered by collective arrangements or works counsel in accordance with local practice. We have never experienced a work stoppage, and we believe that we have satisfactory working relations with our associates. 10 Table of Contents DEI&B We believe that a diverse workforce is essential to innovation, growth, and the well-being of our associates. We celebrate the diversity of our people and value the unique perspectives they bring. We are committed to cultivating an inclusive culture where all of our associates can thrive. We are advancing short- and long-term initiatives which include: leadership coaching and training to build awareness and sponsorship, recruitment actions to increase diversity of new hires, associate learning programs to develop skills that foster inclusion, business resource groups to further support inclusion, ongoing dialogue sessions with our associates and charitable donations to non-profit organizations whose mission and values align with our culture. Communities We have a 50-plus-year tradition of supporting the communities where we live and work through charitable donations from both the Company and its associates. In addition, we provide our associates two paid community service days to donate their time to organizations that matter most to them. We believe our community engagement and good corporate citizenship will lead to stronger communities and shared success for our Company. Available Information We maintain our main Internet site at: http://www.helenoftroy.com. The information contained on this website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report. We make available on or through our main website’s Investor Relations page under the heading “Financials - SEC Filings” certain reports and amendments to those reports that we file with, or furnish to, the SEC in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These include our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, our current reports on Form 8-K, our proxy statements on Schedule 14A, amendments to these reports, and the reports required under Section 16 of the Exchange Act of transactions in our common stock by directors and officers. We make this information available on our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The SEC maintains a website at https:// www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. Also, on the Investor Relations page, under the heading “Governance,” are our Code of Ethics, Code of Conduct, Corporate Governance Guidelines and the Charters of the Committees of the Board of Directors. 11 Table of Contents Item 1A. Risk Factors Carefully consider the risks described below and all of the other information included in our Annual Report when deciding whether to invest in our securities or otherwise evaluating our business. If any of the risks or other events or circumstances described elsewhere in this Annual Report materialize, our business, operating results or financial condition may suffer. In this case, the trading price of our common stock and the value of your investment might significantly decline. The risks listed below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks unknown to us or that we currently believe are insignificant may also affect our business. You should also refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements under “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” at the end of Item 7., “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” All forward- looking statements made by us are qualified by the risk factors described below. The following is a summary of some of the principal risk factors which are more fully described below. Business, Operational and Strategic Risks • The occurrence of cyber incidents, or failure by us or our third-party service providers to maintain cybersecurity and the integrity of confidential internal or customer data could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability. • A cybersecurity breach, obsolescence or interruptions in the operation of our central global Enterprise Resource Planning systems and other peripheral information systems could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability. The geographic concentration of certain of our U.S. distribution facilities increase our risk to disruptions that could affect our ability to deliver products in a timely manner. To compete successfully, we must develop and introduce a continuing stream of innovative new products to meet changing consumer preferences. • • • Our operating results are dependent on sales to several large customers; furthermore, our large customers may take actions that adversely affect our gross profit and operating results. • We are dependent on third-party manufacturers, most of which are located in Asia, and any inability to obtain products from such manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. • Our ability to deliver products to our customers in a timely manner and to satisfy our customers’ fulfillment standards are subject to several factors, some of which are beyond our control. • Our operating results may be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, expropriations, and other risks associated with domestic and foreign operations including uncertainty and business interruptions resulting from political changes and actions in the U.S. and abroad, such as the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and volatility in the global credit and financial markets and economy. • We are subject to risks related to our dependence on the strength of retail economies and may be vulnerable in the event of a prolonged economic downturn, including a downturn from the effects of macroeconomic conditions, any public health crises or similar conditions. • We are subject to risks associated with the use of licensed trademarks from or to third parties. • Our business is subject to weather conditions, the duration and severity of the cold and flu season and other related factors. • We rely on our CEO and a limited number of other key senior officers to operate our business. 12 Table of Contents • We may be unsuccessful in executing and realizing expected synergies from strategic business initiatives such as acquisitions, divestitures and global restructuring plans, including Project Pegasus. Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks • Changes in laws and regulations, including environmental, employment and health and safety and tax laws, and the costs and complexities of compliance with such laws could have a material adverse impact on our business. • We face risks associated with the increased focus and expectations on climate change and other environmental, social and governance matters. • Significant changes in or our compliance with regulations, interpretations or product certification requirements could adversely impact our operations. • We face risks associated with global legal developments regarding privacy and data security that could result in changes to our business practices, penalties, increased cost of operations, or otherwise harm our business. • Under current U.S. federal income tax law, tax treatment of our non-U.S. income is dependent on whether we are classified as a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Legislation enacted in Bermuda and Barbados in response to the European Union’s (“EU”) review of harmful tax competition could adversely affect our operations. • • Our judgments regarding the accounting for tax positions and the resolution of tax disputes may impact our net earnings and cash flow. • All of our products are manufactured by unaffiliated manufacturers, most of which are located in China, Mexico and Vietnam; we face risks of significant tariffs or other restrictions being placed on imports from China, Mexico or Vietnam or any retaliatory trade measures taken by China, Mexico or Vietnam adversely impacting our business. • We face risks associated with product recalls, product liability and other claims against us. Financial Risks • • If our goodwill, indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, or other long-lived assets become impaired, we will be required to record impairment charges, which may be significant. Increased costs of raw materials, energy and transportation may adversely affect our operating results and cash flow. • Our liquidity or cost of capital may be materially adversely affected by constraints or changes in the capital and credit markets, interest rates and limitations under our financing arrangements. • We face risks associated with foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. • Our projections of product demand, sales and net income are highly subjective in nature and our future sales and net income could vary in a material amount from our projections. You should carefully consider this summary with the more detailed descriptions of risks described below and all of the other information included in our Annual Report when deciding whether to invest in our securities or otherwise evaluating our business. 13 Table of Contents Business, Operational and Strategic Risks The occurrence of cyber incidents, or failure by us or our third-party service providers to maintain cybersecurity and the integrity of confidential internal or customer data could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability. Such incidents may also result in faulty business decisions, operational inefficiencies, damage to our reputation or our associate and business relationships, and/or subject us to costs, fines, or lawsuits. Information systems require constant updates to their security policies, networks, software, and hardware systems to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, malicious destruction of data or information theft. We rely on commercially available systems, software, tools, third-party service providers and monitoring to provide security for processing, transmission and storage of confidential information and data. While we have security measures in place, our systems, networks, and third-party service providers have been and will continue to be subject to ongoing threats. We and our third-party service providers have experienced and expect to continue to experience actual or attempted cyber-attacks of our information systems or networks; however, none of these actual or attempted cyber-attacks had a material impact on our operations or financial condition. Our security measures may also be breached in the future as a result of associate error, failure to implement appropriate processes and procedures, advances in computer and software capabilities and encryption technology, new tools and discoveries, malfeasance, third-party action, including cyber-attacks or other international misconduct by computer hackers or otherwise. Additionally, we may have heightened cybersecurity, information security and operational risks as a result of work-from-home arrangements. Our workforce operates with a combination of remote work and flexible work schedules opening us up for cybersecurity threats and potential breaches as a result of increased employee usage of networks other than company-managed. Furthermore, due to geopolitical tensions related to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the risk of cyber-attacks may be elevated. This could result in one or more third-parties obtaining unauthorized access to our customer or supplier data or our internal data, including personally identifiable information, intellectual property and other confidential business information. Third-parties may also attempt to fraudulently induce associates into disclosing sensitive information such as user names, passwords or other information in order to gain access to customer or supplier data or our internal data, including intellectual property, financial, and other confidential business information. We believe our mitigation measures reduce but cannot eliminate the risk of a cyber incident; however, there can be no assurance that our existing and planned precautions of backup systems, regular data backups, security protocols and other procedures will be adequate to prevent significant damage, system failure or data loss and the same is true for our partners, vendors and other third parties on which we rely. Because techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative or mitigation measures. Though it is difficult to determine what harm may directly result from any specific interruption or breach, any failure to maintain performance, reliability, security and availability of our network infrastructure or otherwise maintain the confidentiality, security, and integrity of data that we store or otherwise maintain on behalf of third-parties may harm our reputation and our associate, customer and consumer relationships. If such unauthorized disclosure or access does occur, we may be required to notify our customers, consumers, associates or those persons whose information was improperly used, disclosed or accessed. We may also be subject to claims of breach of contract for such use or disclosure, investigation and penalties by regulatory authorities and potential claims by persons whose information was improperly used or disclosed. We could also become the subject of regulatory action or litigation from our consumers, customers, associates, suppliers, service providers, and shareholders, which could damage our reputation, require significant expenditures of capital and other resources, and cause us to lose business and revenue. Additionally, an unauthorized disclosure or use of information could cause interruptions in our operations and might require us to spend significant management time and other resources investigating the event and dealing with local and federal law enforcement. Regardless of the 14 Table of Contents merits and ultimate outcome of these matters, we may be required to devote time and expense to their resolution. In addition, the increase in the number and the scope of data security incidents has increased regulatory and industry focus on security requirements and heightened data security industry practices. New regulation, evolving industry standards, and the interpretation of both, may cause us to incur additional expense in complying with any new data security requirements. As a result, the failure to maintain the integrity of and protect customer or supplier data or our confidential internal data could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We rely on central global Enterprise Resource Planning (“ERP”) systems and other peripheral information systems. A cybersecurity breach, obsolescence or interruptions in the operation of our computerized systems or other information technologies could have a material adverse effect on our operations and profitability. Our operations are largely dependent on our ERP system. We continuously make adjustments to improve the effectiveness of the ERP and other peripheral information systems, including the installation of significant new subsystems. Our ERP system is subject to continually evolving cybersecurity and technological risks, including risks associated with cloud data storage. Any failures or disruptions in the ERP and other information systems, including a cybersecurity breach, or any complications resulting from ongoing adjustments to our systems could cause interruption or loss of data in our information or logistical systems that could materially impact our ability to procure products from our factories and suppliers, transport them to our distribution facilities, and store and deliver them to our customers on time and in the correct amounts. In addition, natural disasters or other extraordinary events may disrupt our information systems and other infrastructure, and our data recovery processes may not be sufficient to protect against loss. Certain of our U.S. distribution facilities are geographically concentrated. This factor increases our risk that disruptions could occur and significantly affect our ability to deliver products to our customers in a timely manner. Such disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business. During fiscal 2023, most of our U.S. distribution, receiving and storage functions were consolidated into three distribution facilities in northern Mississippi. Approximately 56% of our consolidated gross sales volume shipped from facilities in this region in fiscal 2023. Further, in March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and is in proximity to our three existing distribution facilities in northern Mississippi. Due to this geographical concentration, any disruption in our distribution process in any of these facilities, even for a few days, could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. As examples, government mandated or suggested isolation protocols relating to a pandemic or other public health crisis, or severe weather events, could limit or disrupt the distribution process at these facilities, or even cause the closure of a facility, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. These factors described above could cause delays in the delivery of our products that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. To compete successfully, we must develop and introduce a continuing stream of innovative new products to meet changing consumer preferences. Our long-term success in the competitive retail environment depends on our ability to develop and commercialize a continuing stream of innovative new products that meet changing consumer preferences and take advantage of opportunities sooner than our competition. We face the risk that our competitors will introduce innovative new products that compete with our products. There are numerous uncertainties 15 Table of Contents inherent in successfully developing and commercializing new products on a continuing basis and new product launches may not deliver expected growth in sales or operating income. If we are unable to develop and introduce a continuing stream of competitive new products, it may have an adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Large customers may take actions that adversely affect our gross profit and operating results. With the continuing trend towards retail trade consolidation, we are increasingly dependent upon key customers whose bargaining strength is substantial and growing. We may be negatively affected by changes in the policies of our customers, such as on-hand inventory reductions, limitations on access to shelf space, use of private label brands, price and term demands, actions to respond to public health crises, and other conditions, which could negatively impact our business, operating results and financial condition. Certain of our customers source and sell products under their own private label brands that compete with our products. Additionally, as large traditional retail and online customers grow even larger and become more sophisticated, they may continue to demand lower pricing, special packaging, shorter lead times for the delivery of products, smaller more frequent shipments, or impose other requirements on product suppliers. These business demands may relate to inventory practices, logistics or other aspects of the customer-supplier relationship. If we do not effectively respond to these demands, these customers could decrease their purchases from us. A reduction in the demand for our products by these customers and the costs of complying with their business demands could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our operating results are dependent on sales to several large customers and the loss of, or substantial decline in, sales to a top customer could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. A few customers account for a substantial percentage of our net sales revenue. Our financial condition and operating results could suffer if we lost all or a portion of the sales to any one of these customers. In particular, sales to our two largest customers accounted for approximately 27% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023. While only three customers individually accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, sales to our top five customers in aggregate accounted for approximately 43% of fiscal 2023 consolidated net sales revenue. We expect that a small group of customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our net sales revenue. Although we have long-standing relationships with our major customers, we generally do not have written agreements that require these customers to buy from us or to purchase a minimum amount of our products. A substantial decrease in sales to any of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and operating results. Some of our customers creditworthiness may be vulnerable to the impact of a prolonged economic downturn or a public health crisis. We regularly monitor and evaluate the credit status of our customers and attempt to adjust sales terms as appropriate. Despite these efforts, a deterioration in the credit worthiness or bankruptcy filing of a key customer could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We are dependent on third-party manufacturers, most of which are located in Asia, and any inability to obtain products from such manufacturers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. All of our products are manufactured by unaffiliated companies, most of which are in Asia, principally in China. For fiscal 2023, finished goods manufactured in Asia comprised approximately 87% of total finished goods purchased. This concentration exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including among others: global public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics); changing international political relations and conflicts; labor availability and cost; changes in laws, 16 Table of Contents including tax laws, regulations and treaties; changes in labor laws, regulations and policies; changes in customs duties, additional tariffs and other trade barriers; changes in shipping costs; currency exchange fluctuations; local political unrest; an extended and complex transportation cycle; the impact of changing economic conditions; and the availability and cost of raw materials and merchandise. In recent years, increasing labor costs, import tariffs, regional labor dislocations driven by new government policies, local inflation, changes in ocean cargo carrier capacity and costs, the impact of energy prices on transportation, and fluctuations in the Chinese Renminbi against the U.S. Dollar have resulted in variability in our cost of goods sold. In the past, certain Chinese suppliers have closed operations due to economic conditions that pressured their profitability. Although we have multiple sourcing partners for certain products, occasionally we may be unable to source certain items on a timely basis due to changes occurring with our suppliers. We believe that we can source certain similar products outside of China and are moving towards a more diversified supplier base through continuously exploring the expansion of sourcing alternatives in other countries. However, the relocation of any production capacity could require substantial time and costs. The political, legal and cultural environment in Asia is rapidly evolving, and any change that impairs our ability to obtain products from manufacturers in that region, or to obtain products at marketable rates, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Any disruption to our supply chain, even for a relatively short period of time, could cause a loss of revenue, which could adversely affect our operating results. Additionally, during fiscal 2021 and 2022, the impact of COVID-19, including the related surges in demand and shifts in shopping patterns, as well as other factors, strained the global supply chain network resulting in higher inbound freight costs and surges in prices for raw materials, components and semiconductor chips, which adversely impacted our operating costs. During fiscal 2023, as consumer demand has slowed in reaction to a highly inflationary economic environment, global supply chain capacity has improved and freight costs have begun to recede from their previous peaks. However, if global supply chain disruptions re-emerge, we may experience further cost increases which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. With most of our manufacturers located in Asia, our production lead times are relatively long. Therefore, we must commit to production in advance of customer orders. If we fail to forecast customer or consumer demand accurately, we may encounter difficulties in filling customer orders on a timely basis or in liquidating excess inventories. We may also find that customers are canceling orders or returning products. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our ability to deliver products to our customers in a timely manner and to satisfy our customers’ fulfillment standards are subject to several factors, some of which are beyond our control. Retailers place great emphasis on timely delivery of our products for specific selling seasons, especially during our third fiscal quarter, and on the fulfillment of consumer demand throughout the year. We cannot control all of the various factors that might affect product delivery to retailers. Vendor production delays, difficulties encountered in shipping from overseas, customs clearance delays, and operational issues with any of the third-party logistics providers we use in certain countries are on-going risks of our business. We also rely upon third-party carriers for our product shipments from our distribution facilities to customers. In certain circumstances, we rely on the shipping arrangements our suppliers have made in the case of products shipped directly to retailers from the suppliers. Accordingly, we are subject to risks, including labor disputes, inclement weather, public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), natural disasters, possible acts of terrorism, port and canal backlogs and blockages, availability of shipping containers, carrier-imposed capacity restrictions, carrier delays, shortages of qualified drivers, and increased security restrictions associated with the carriers’ ability to provide delivery services to meet our shipping needs. Our third party manufacturing partners are not equipped to hold meaningful amounts of inventory and if shipping container capacity is limited or unavailable, they could pause manufacturing, 17 Table of Contents which could ultimately impact our ability to meet consumer demand on a timely basis. Further, our delivery process must often accommodate special vendor requirements to use specific carriers and delivery schedules. Failure to deliver products to our retailers in a timely and effective manner could damage our reputation and brands and result in the loss of customers or reduced orders, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our operating results may be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, expropriations, and other risks associated with domestic and foreign operations. The economies of foreign countries important to our operations, including countries in Asia, EMEA and Latin America, could suffer slower economic growth or economic, social and/or political instability or hyperinflation in the future. Our international operations in countries in Asia, EMEA and Latin America, including manufacturing and sourcing operations (and the international operations of our customers), are subject to inherent risks which could adversely affect us. Additionally, there may be uncertainty and business interruptions resulting from political changes and actions in the U.S. and abroad, such as the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, ongoing terrorist activity, and other global events. The global credit and financial markets have recently experienced volatility and disruptions, including diminished liquidity and credit availability, declines in consumer confidence, declines in economic growth, and uncertainty about economic stability. The financial markets and the global economy may also be adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or other geopolitical events. Sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries in response to such conflicts, including the one in Ukraine, may also adversely impact the financial markets and the global economy, and any economic countermeasures by affected countries and others could exacerbate market and economic instability. There can be no assurance that further deterioration in credit and financial markets and confidence in economic conditions will not occur. The domestic and foreign risks of these changes include, among other things: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • protectionist policies restricting or impairing the manufacturing, sales or import and export of our products; new restrictions on access to markets; lack of required infrastructure; inflation (including hyperinflation) or recession; changes in, and the burdens and costs of compliance with, a variety of U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including environmental laws, occupational health and safety laws, tax laws, and accounting standards; social, political or economic instability; acts of war and terrorism; natural disasters and public health crises, such as pandemics and epidemics (including COVID-19); reduced protection of intellectual property rights in some countries; increases in duties and taxation; restrictions on transfer of funds or exchange of currencies; currency devaluations; expropriation of assets; and other adverse changes in policies, including monetary, tax or lending policies, encouraging foreign investment or foreign trade by our host countries. Should any of these events occur, our ability to sell or export our products or repatriate profits could be impaired, we could experience a loss of sales and profitability from our domestic or international 18 Table of Contents operations, and/or we could experience a substantial impairment or loss of assets, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We are subject to risks related to our dependence on the strength of retail economies and may be vulnerable in the event of a prolonged economic downturn, including a downturn from the effects of macroeconomic conditions, any public health crises (including any lingering effects of new surges of COVID-19) or similar conditions. Our business depends on the strength of the retail economies in various parts of the world, primarily in North America and to a lesser extent EMEA, Asia and Latin America. These retail economies are affected for the most part by factors such as consumer demand and the condition of the retail industry, which, in turn, are affected by general economic conditions and specific events such as natural disasters, public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), terrorist attacks and political unrest. Consumer spending in any geographic region is generally affected by a number of factors, including among others, local economic conditions, government actions, inflation, interest rates and credit availability, energy costs, commodity prices, unemployment rates, higher consumer debt levels, reductions in net worth, home foreclosures and reductions in home values, gasoline prices, and consumer confidence, all of which are beyond our control. Consumer purchases of discretionary items tend to decline during recessionary periods, when disposable income is lower, and may impact sales of our products. Measures imposed, or that may be imposed, by national, state and local authorities in response to any new surges of COVID-19 (or any future public health crises) may have impacts of uncertain severity and duration on domestic and foreign economies. The effectiveness of economic stabilization efforts, including government payments and loans to affected citizens and industries, is uncertain. Any sustained economic downturn in the U.S. or any of the other countries in which we conduct significant business, may cause significant readjustments in both the volume and mix of our product sales, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We cannot reasonably estimate the duration and severity of existing macroeconomic conditions, which have had and may continue to have a material impact on our business. Additionally, current global issues may affect our business and the global economy, including the geopolitical impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and any related economic or other sanctions. As a result, current financial information may not necessarily be indicative of future operating results, and our plans to address the impact of macroeconomic trends and global issues may change. We rely on licensed trademarks from third parties and license certain trademarks to third parties in exchange for royalty income, the loss of which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues and profitability. A significant portion of our sales revenue comes from selling products under licensed trademarks, particularly in the Beauty & Wellness segment. As a result, we are dependent upon the continued use of these trademarks. Additionally, we license certain owned trademarks to third parties in exchange for royalty income. It is possible that certain actions taken by us, our licensors, licensees, or other third parties might diminish greatly the value of any of our licensed trademarks. Some of our licensors and licensees also have the ability to terminate their license agreements with us at their option subject to each parties’ right to continue the license for a limited period of time following notice of termination. If we, or our licensees, were unable to sell products under these licensed trademarks, or one or more of our license agreements were terminated or the value of the trademarks were diminished, the effect on our business, operating results and financial condition could be both negative and material. 19 Table of Contents Our business is subject to weather conditions, the duration and severity of the cold and flu season and other related factors, which can cause our operating results to vary from quarter to quarter and year to year. Sales in our Beauty & Wellness segment are influenced by weather conditions. Sales volumes for thermometers and humidifiers and heating appliances are higher during, and subject to the severity of, the cold weather months, while sales of fans are higher during, and subject to weather conditions in, spring and summer months. Weather conditions can also more broadly impact sales across the organization. Additionally, natural disasters (such as wildfires, hurricanes and ice storms), public health crises (such as pandemics and epidemics), or unusually severe winter weather may result in temporary unanticipated fluctuations in retail traffic and consumer demand, may impact our ability to staff our distribution facilities or could otherwise impede timely transport and delivery of products to and from our distribution facilities. Sales in our Beauty & Wellness segment are also impacted by cough, cold and flu seasonal trends, including the duration and severity of the cold and flu season. These factors could have a material effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. We rely on our CEO and a limited number of other key senior officers to operate our business. The loss of any of these individuals could have a material adverse effect on our business. The loss of our CEO or any of our key senior officers could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition, particularly if we are unable to hire and integrate suitable replacements on a timely basis. Further, as we continue to grow our business, we will continue to adjust our senior management team. If we are unable to attract or retain the right individuals for the team, it could hinder our ability to efficiently execute our business, and could disrupt our operations or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our business. Expectations regarding recent or future acquisitions, divestitures, or global restructuring plans (such as Project Pegasus), including our ability to realize related synergies, along with our ability to successfully execute these strategic business initiatives, may adversely affect the price of our common stock. We continue to look for strategic business opportunities to drive long-term growth and operating efficiencies, which may include acquisitions, divestitures and/or global restructuring plans. We frequently evaluate our brand portfolio and product portfolio and may consider acquisitions that complement our business or divestitures, or exits of businesses, that we no longer believe to be an appropriate strategic fit. We have initiated, and may initiate in the future, global restructuring plans, such as Project Pegasus, to achieve strategic objectives and improve financial results. Any acquisition, divestiture or global restructuring plan, if not favorably received by consumers, shareholders, analysts, and others in the investment community, could have a material adverse effect on the price of our common stock. In addition, any acquisition, divestiture or global restructuring plan, including Project Pegasus, involves numerous risks, including: • • • • • • • • • our ability to successfully complete the initiative in a timely manner, or at all; the initiative may not advance our business strategy as expected; challenges realizing anticipated cost savings, efficiencies, synergies, financial targets and other benefits; difficulties in accurately predicting costs and future savings; costs incurred in completing the initiative may be greater than anticipated; the initiative may lead to increases in costs in other aspects of our business such as increased conversion, outsourcing or distribution costs; diversion of management's attention from other business concerns; challenges in integrating or separating personnel and financial or other systems; potential loss of key employees and/or reduced employee morale and productivity; and 20 Table of Contents • difficulties in transitioning and preserving customer, contractor, supplier, and other important third- party relationships. Acquisitions pose additional risks, including: • • • • • difficulties in the assimilation of the operations, technologies, and products; challenges in integrating distribution channels; changes in cash flows or other market-based assumptions or conditions that cause the value of acquired assets to fall below book value; risks associated with subsequent losses or operating asset write-offs, contingent liabilities and impairment of related acquired intangible assets including goodwill; and risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited experience. Divestitures pose additional risks, including: • • • • • our ability to find appropriate buyers; difficulties executing transactions on favorable terms; separating divested business operations with minimal impact to our remaining operations; risks associated with operating asset write-offs and impairment charges; and challenges effectively managing any transition service arrangements. Legal, Regulatory and Tax Risks Changes in laws and regulations, including environmental, employment and health and safety and tax laws, and the costs and complexities of compliance with such laws could have a material adverse impact on our business. The impact of future legislation in the U.S. or abroad, including such things as employment and health insurance laws, environmental and climate change related legislation, tax legislation, regulations or treaties is always uncertain. Global, federal and local legislative agendas from time to time contain numerous proposals dealing with environmental policy, energy policy, taxes, financial regulation, transportation policy and infrastructure policy, among others that, if enacted into law, could increase our costs of doing business. Changes in government administrations in the U.S. or abroad, increase the uncertainty of future changes in legislation, enhanced regulations, and greater oversight, or more stringent interpretations, of existing policies by regulatory agencies. Changes in such laws, regulations or oversight could cause us to incur material capital or operating expenditures in the future to comply with applicable laws and regulations, increase our effective income tax rate, delay or interrupt distribution of our products, or make them more costly to produce, all of which could have a material adverse impact on our business. For example, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (“OECD”) Inclusive Framework project is currently considering proposals that, if implemented, could increase our effective tax rate. In particular, the Inclusive Framework project includes a global minimum tax proposal that contains various mechanisms to subject a multinational corporation's income to a 15 percent minimum rate. Though the details of these proposals are still under development, many countries have expressed a strong interest in implementing the rules, regardless of whether consensus is reached at the OECD, and the EU recently agreed to implement the Inclusive Framework project's global minimum tax rules starting in 2024. Whether, and to what extent, these rules are implemented consistently across jurisdictions may increase our related compliance costs and could have an adverse impact on our global effective tax rate, financial condition and results of operations. As additional tax or financial regulatory guidance is issued by the applicable authorities and accounting treatment is clarified, we perform additional analysis on the application of the law and we refine our 21 Table of Contents estimates. Our final analysis may be different from provisional amounts, which could materially affect our tax obligations, effective tax rate and operating results in the period completed. Increased focus and expectations on climate change and other ESG matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and damage our reputation. Increased focus and expectations on ESG are emerging trends with governmental and non-governmental organizations, consumers, shareholders, retail customers, communities, and other stakeholders. These trends have led to, among other things, increased public and private social accountability reporting requirements relating to labor practices, climate change, human trafficking and other ESG matters and greater demands on our packaging and products. The increased focus on ESG matters may also lead to new or more regulations and customer, shareholder and consumer demands that could require us to incur additional costs or make changes to our operations to comply with new regulations or address these demands. We expect that these trends will continue. If we are unable to adequately respond to, or we are not perceived as adequately responding to, existing or new requirements or demands, customers and consumers may choose to purchase products from another company or a competitor. Increased requirements and costs to comply with these requirements, such as climate change regulations and international accords may also cause disruptions in or higher costs associated with manufacturing or distributing our products. Any failure to achieve our ESG goals or a perception of our failure to act responsibly or to effectively respond to new, or changes in, legal or regulatory requirements relating to ESG matters could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation. Significant changes in or our compliance with regulations, interpretations or product certification requirements could adversely impact our operations. As a global company, we are subject to U.S. and foreign regulations, including environmental, health and safety laws, and industry-specific product certifications. Many of the products we sell are subject to product safety laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. These laws and regulations specify the maximum allowable levels of certain materials that may be contained in our products, provide statutory prohibitions against misbranded and adulterated products, establish ingredients and manufacturing procedures for certain products, specify product safety testing requirements, and set product identification, labeling and claim requirements. For example, thermometers distributed by our Beauty & Wellness segment must comply with various regulations governing the production and distribution of medical devices. Significant new regulations, material changes to existing regulations, or greater oversight, enforcement or changes in interpretation of existing regulations, could further delay or interrupt distribution of our products in the U.S. and other countries, result in fines or penalties or cause our costs of compliance to increase. We cannot guarantee that our products will receive regulatory approval in all countries. Similarly, some of our Beauty & Wellness segment’s customers require that our hair appliances comply with various safety certifications, including UL certifications. Significant new certification requirements or changes to existing certification requirements could further delay or interrupt distribution of our products, or make them more costly to produce. We are not able to predict the nature of potential changes to, or enforcement of laws, regulations, product certification requirements, repeals or interpretations. Nor are we able to predict the impact that any of these changes would have on our business in the future. Further, if we were found to be noncompliant with applicable laws and regulations in these or other areas, we could be subject to governmental or regulatory actions, including fines, import detentions, injunctions, product withdrawals or recalls or asset seizures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. 22 Table of Contents Additionally, some product lines within our Beauty & Wellness segment are subject to product identification, labeling and claim requirements, which are monitored and enforced by regulatory agencies, such as the EPA, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. As discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report, during fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. Although, we are not aware of any fines or penalties related to this matter imposed against us by the EPA, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed. Additional impacts or more pronounced adverse impacts may arise that we are not currently aware of today. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely and materially impacted in ways that we are not able to predict today. For additional information refer to Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including “EPA Compliance Costs” in this Annual Report. Global legal developments regarding privacy and data security could result in changes to our business practices, penalties, increased cost of operations, or otherwise harm our business. As a global company, we are subject to global privacy and data security laws, regulations, and codes of conduct that apply to our various business units. These laws and regulations may be inconsistent across jurisdictions and are subject to evolving and differing interpretations. Government regulators, privacy advocates and class action attorneys are increasingly scrutinizing how companies collect, process, use, store, share and transmit personal data. This increased scrutiny may result in new interpretations of existing laws, thereby further impacting our business. New and emerging global and local laws on privacy, data and related technologies, as well as industry self-regulatory codes, are creating new compliance obligations and expanding the scope of potential liability, either jointly or severally with our customers and suppliers. While we have invested in readiness to comply with applicable requirements, these new and emerging laws, regulations and codes may affect our ability to reach current and prospective consumers, to respond to consumer requests under such laws (such as individual rights of access, correction, and deletion of their personal information), and to implement our business models effectively. The costs of compliance or failure to comply with such laws, regulations, codes of conduct and expectations could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Under current U.S. federal income tax law, tax treatment of our non-U.S. income is dependent on whether we are classified as a “controlled foreign corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Changes in the composition of our stock ownership could have an impact on our classification. If our classification were to change, it could have a material adverse effect on the largest U.S. shareholders and, in turn, on our business. A non-U.S. corporation, such as ours, will constitute a “controlled foreign corporation” or “CFC” for U.S. federal income tax purposes if its largest U.S. shareholders together own more than 50 percent of the stock outstanding. A U.S. shareholder is defined as any U.S. person who owns directly, indirectly, or constructively: (1) 10 percent or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock, or (2) 10 percent or more of the total value of shares of all classes of stock. If the IRS or a court determined that we were a CFC at any time during the tax year, then each of our U.S. shareholders as defined above 23 Table of Contents would be required to include in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes its pro rata share of our “subpart F income” (and the subpart F income of any of our subsidiaries determined to be a CFC) for the period during which we (and our non-U.S. subsidiaries) were deemed a CFC. In addition, any gain on the sale of our shares realized by such a shareholder may be treated as ordinary income to the extent of the shareholder’s proportionate share of our and our CFC subsidiaries’ undistributed earnings and profits accumulated during the shareholder’s holding period of the shares while we were deemed to be a CFC. Legislation enacted in Bermuda and Barbados in response to the EU's review of harmful tax competition could adversely affect our operations. Our jurisdiction of organization is Bermuda and one of our subsidiaries is organized in Barbados, two of the countries identified in the EU Economic and Financial Affairs Council (“ECOFIN”) report issued in December 2017 listing non-cooperative tax jurisdictions. In response to the ECOFIN report, “economic substance” legislation was enacted in Bermuda and Barbados and ECOFIN subsequently declared that both countries “cooperate with the EU” and are considered to have “implemented all commitments.” The economic substance legislation in each of Bermuda and Barbados requires certain entities engaged in “relevant activities” in that country to maintain a substantial economic presence in the country, and to satisfy economic substance requirements. The list of “relevant activities” in the respective statutes includes carrying on as a business any one or more of several enumerated activities, such as headquarters, shipping, distribution and service center, intellectual property and holding entities. Any entity that is required to satisfy economic substance requirements must file a declaration with the Bermuda Registrar of Companies and the Ministry of International Business and Industry in Barbados, as applicable. Although the local authorities have released some implementing guidelines, the impact of the foregoing legislation and developments is unclear, including how the requirements will be measured and whether additional or revised requirements may be enacted by Bermuda or Barbados. Failure to comply with the economic substance requirements could result in automatic disclosure of relevant information to competent authorities in the relevant EU member state or other jurisdiction in which the Company has its holding entity, its ultimate parent entity or an owner or beneficial owner. Other sanctions include financial penalties, restriction or regulation of business activities and/or being struck off as a registered entity in Bermuda or Barbados. We cannot predict the effect of Bermuda’s or Barbados’s current or future economic substance requirements on our business, which may impact the manner and jurisdictions in which we operate, and which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Our judgments regarding the accounting for tax positions and the resolution of tax disputes may impact our net earnings and cash flow. Significant judgment is required to determine our effective tax rate and evaluate our tax positions. We provide for uncertain tax positions when such tax positions do not meet the recognition thresholds or measurement criteria prescribed by applicable accounting standards. Fluctuations in federal, state, local and foreign taxes or a change to uncertain tax positions, including related interest and penalties, may impact our effective tax rate and financial results. Additionally, we are subject to audits in the various taxing jurisdictions in which we conduct business. In cases where audits are conducted and issues are raised, a number of years may elapse before such issues are finally resolved. Unfavorable resolution of any tax matter could increase the effective tax rate, which could have an adverse effect on our operating results and cash flow. For additional information regarding our taxes, see Note 19 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 24 Table of Contents If significant tariffs or other restrictions are placed on imports from China, Mexico or Vietnam or any retaliatory trade measures are taken by China, Mexico or Vietnam, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. All of our products are manufactured by unaffiliated manufacturers, most of which are located in China, Mexico, Vietnam and the U.S. This concentration exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs. Any alteration of trade agreements and terms between China, Mexico, Vietnam and the U.S., including limiting trade with China, Mexico and Vietnam, imposing additional tariffs on imports from China, Mexico or Vietnam and potentially imposing other restrictions on imports from China, Mexico or Vietnam to the U.S. may result in further or higher tariffs, or retaliatory trade measures by China, Mexico or Vietnam, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results. Our business involves the potential for product recalls, product liability and other claims against us, which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. We are, from time to time, involved in various claims, litigation matters and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business and that could have a material adverse effect on us. These matters may include personal injury and other tort claims, deceptive trade practice disputes, intellectual property disputes (including the Patent Litigation and ITC Action (each as defined below) regarding our PUR gravity-fed water filters), product recalls, contract disputes, warranty disputes, employment and tax matters and other proceedings and litigation, including class actions. It is not possible to predict the outcome of pending or future litigation. As with any litigation, it is possible that some of the actions could be decided unfavorably, resulting in significant liability and, regardless of the ultimate outcome, can be costly to defend. Our results and our business could also be negatively impacted if one of our brands suffers substantial damage to its reputation due to a significant product recall or other product-related litigation and if we are unable to effectively manage real or perceived concerns about the safety, quality, or efficacy of our products. We also face exposure to product liability and other claims in the event that one of our products is alleged to have resulted in property damage, bodily injury or other adverse effects. Although we maintain liability insurance in amounts that we believe are reasonable, that insurance is, in most cases, subject to large self-insured retentions for which we are responsible. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to maintain such insurance on acceptable terms, if at all in the future, or that product liability or other claims will not exceed the amount of insurance coverage, or that all such matters would be covered by our insurance. As a result, these types of claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Financial Risks If our goodwill, indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets, or other long-lived assets become impaired, we will be required to record impairment charges, which may be significant. A significant portion of our non-current assets consists of goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of past acquisitions. We do not amortize goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, but rather review them for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We review intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets held and used for impairment if a triggering event occurs during the reporting period. We evaluate any long-lived assets held for sale quarterly to determine if fair value less cost to sell has changed during the reporting period. We record impairment charges to the extent the carrying values of these assets are not recoverable in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. 25 Table of Contents Considerable management judgment is necessary in reaching a conclusion regarding the reasonableness of fair value estimates, evaluating the most likely impact of a range of possible external conditions, considering the resulting operating changes and their impact on estimated future cash flows, determining the appropriate discount factors to use, and selecting and weighting appropriate comparable market level inputs. The recoverability of these non-current assets is dependent upon achievement of our projections and the continued execution of key initiatives related to revenue growth and profitability. The rates used in our projections are management’s estimate of the most likely results over time, given a wide range of potential outcomes. The assumptions and estimates used in our impairment testing involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis by our management. While we believe that the assumptions we use are reasonable at the time made, changes in business conditions or other unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that cause actual results to differ materially from projected results and this could potentially require future adjustments to our asset valuations. Events and changes in circumstances that may indicate there is impairment and which may indicate interim impairment testing is necessary include, but are not limited to: strategic decisions to exit a business or dispose of an asset made in response to changes in economic, political and competitive conditions; the impact of the economic environment on our customer base and on broad market conditions that drive valuation considerations by market participants; our internal expectations with regard to future revenue growth and the assumptions we make when performing our impairment reviews; a significant decrease in the market price of our assets; a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which our assets are used; a significant adverse change in legal factors or the business climate that could affect our assets; an accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected for the acquisition of an asset; and significant changes in the cash flows associated with an asset. As a result of such circumstances, we may be required to revise certain accounting estimates and judgments related to the valuation of goodwill, indefinite-lived and definite-lived intangible assets and other long-lived assets, which could result in material impairment charges. Any such impairment charges could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Increased costs of raw materials, energy and transportation may adversely affect our operating results and cash flow. Significant increases in the costs and availability of raw materials, energy and transportation may negatively affect our operating results. Our suppliers purchase significant amounts of metals and plastics to manufacture our products. In addition, they also purchase significant amounts of electricity to supply the energy required in their production processes. Global political instabilities and tensions and many other factors may drive up fuel prices resulting in higher transportation prices and product costs. We are heavily dependent on inbound sea, rail and truck freight. Disruptions in the global supply chain and freight networks, has, and may continue to increase our cost of goods sold and certain operating expenses. The cost of raw materials, energy and transportation, in the aggregate, represents a significant portion of our cost of goods sold and certain operating expenses, which we may not be able to pass on to our customers. Our operating results could be adversely affected by future increases in these costs. Additionally, the loss or disruption of essential manufacturing and supply elements such as raw materials or other finished product components, restricted transportation or increased freight costs, reduced workforce, or other manufacturing and distribution disruption could adversely impact our ability to meet our customers’ needs. Our liquidity or cost of capital may be materially adversely affected by constraints or changes in the capital and credit markets, interest rates and limitations under our financing arrangements. We need sufficient sources of liquidity to fund our working capital requirements, service our outstanding indebtedness and finance business opportunities. Without sufficient liquidity, we could be forced to curtail 26 Table of Contents our operations, or we may not be able to pursue business opportunities. The principal sources of our liquidity are funds generated from operating activities, available cash, credit facilities, and other debt arrangements. If our sources of liquidity do not satisfy our requirements, we may need to seek additional financing. The future availability of financing will depend on a variety of factors, such as economic and market conditions, the reaction by banks and financial institutions to a public health crisis (such as pandemics and epidemics), the regulatory environment for banks and other financial institutions, the availability of credit and our reputation with potential lenders. Further, disruptions in national and international credit markets, including adverse developments impacting the financial services industry such as the recent bank closures and investor concerns regarding the U.S. or international financial systems, could result in limitations on credit availability, tighter lending standards, higher interest rates on consumer and business loans, and higher fees associated with obtaining and maintaining credit availability. Disruptions may also materially limit consumer credit availability and restrict credit availability to us and our customer base. In addition, in the event of disruptions in the financial markets, current or future lenders may become unwilling or unable to continue to advance funds under any agreements in place, increase their commitments under existing credit arrangements or enter into new financing arrangements. The Federal Open Market Committee increased the benchmark interest rate by 450 basis points during fiscal year 2023. If interest rates continue to increase and adverse economic changes occur, our access to credit on favorable interest rate terms may be impacted. In an economic downturn, we may also be unable to raise capital through debt or equity financings on terms acceptable to us or at all. Additionally, in challenging and uncertain economic environments, we cannot predict when macroeconomic uncertainty may arise, whether or when such circumstances may improve or worsen or what impact such circumstances could have on our business and our liquidity requirements. These factors could materially adversely affect our liquidity, costs of borrowing and our ability to pursue business opportunities or grow our business, and threaten our ability to meet our obligations as they become due. In addition, covenants in our debt agreements could restrict or delay our ability to obtain additional financing, potentially limiting our ability to adjust to rapidly changing market conditions or respond to business opportunities, or in the event of a failure to comply with such covenants, could result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, could have a material adverse effect on us. We may also assume or incur additional debt, including secured debt, in the future in connection with, or to fund, future acquisitions or for other operating needs. In addition, our variable rate debt and related interest swaps use the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), a rate equal to the secured overnight financing rate as administered by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (or a successor administrator of the secured overnight financing rate), as a benchmark for establishing interest rates. SOFR is a backward-looking measure, calculated based on short-term repurchase agreements, backed by U.S. Treasury securities. As such, if interest rates were to continue to increase, our debt service obligations on variable rate debt subject to SOFR would increase, which could negatively impact our net income, cash flows and financial condition. SOFR began in April 2018, and it therefore has a limited history. The future performance of SOFR may be difficult to predict accurately because of limited historical performance data. Prior observed patterns, if any, in the behavior of market variables and their relation to SOFR, such as correlations, may change in the future. In addition, the administrator of SOFR may make methodological or other changes that could change the value of SOFR. Uncertainty as to SOFR or changes to SOFR will affect the interest rates of our financial instruments linked to SOFR. Furthermore, the composition and characteristics of SOFR are not the same as those of LIBOR, which was previously used as a benchmark for our variable rate debt and which was a forward-looking measure, based on bank estimates of borrowing costs. As a result of these and other differences, there can be no assurance that SOFR will perform in the same way as LIBOR would have at any time, and there is no guarantee that it is a comparable substitute for LIBOR. 27 Table of Contents Our operating results may be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations. The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries. Changes in the relation of other foreign currencies to the U.S. Dollar will affect our sales and profitability and can result in exchange losses because we have operations and assets located outside the U.S. We transact a portion of our international business in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar (“foreign currencies”). Such transactions include sales and operating expenses. As a result, portions of our cash, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable are denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, foreign operations will continue to expose us to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, which may result in the recognition of foreign exchange losses upon remeasurement to U.S. Dollars. Additionally, we purchase a substantial amount of our products from Chinese manufacturers in U.S. Dollars, who source a significant portion of their labor and raw materials in Chinese Renminbi. The Chinese Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. Dollar in recent years. During fiscal 2023, the average exchange rate of the Chinese Renminbi weakened against the U.S. dollar by approximately 6% compared to the average rate during fiscal 2022. Chinese Renminbi currency fluctuations have the potential to add volatility to our product costs over time. Where operating conditions permit, we seek to reduce foreign currency risk by purchasing most of our inventory with U.S. Dollars and by converting cash balances denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars. We use derivative financial instruments including forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps to mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. It is not practical for us to mitigate all our exposures, nor are we able to accurately project the possible effect of foreign currency remeasurement on our operating results or future net income due to our constantly changing exposure to various foreign currencies, difficulty in predicting fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar and the significant number of currencies involved. The impact of future foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations cannot be accurately predicted. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that foreign currency exchange rates: • will be stable in the future; • • will not have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. can be mitigated with currency hedging or other risk management strategies; or Our projections of product demand, sales and net income are highly subjective in nature and our future sales and net income could vary in a material amount from our projections. From time to time, we may provide financial projections to our shareholders, lenders, investment community, and other stakeholders of our future sales and net income. Since we do not require long- term purchase commitments from our major customers and the customer order and ship process is very short, it is difficult for us to accurately predict the demand for many of our products, or the amount and timing of our future sales, related net income and cash flows. Our projections are based on management’s best estimate of sales using historical sales data and other relevant information available at the time. These projections are highly subjective since sales to our customers can fluctuate substantially based on the demand of their retail consumers and related ordering patterns, as well as other risks described in this Annual Report. Additionally, changes in consumer demand, retailer inventory management strategies, transportation lead times, supplier capacity, and raw material availability could make our inventory management and sales forecasting more difficult. Due to these factors, our future sales and net income could vary materially from our projections. We are dependent on discretionary spending, which is affected by, among other things, economic and political conditions, consumer confidence, interest, inflation and tax rates, a public health crisis (such as pandemics and epidemics), and financial and housing markets, which are all outside of our control. 28 Table of Contents Consequently, these and other potential impacts we are not currently aware of could also cause future sales and net income to vary materially from our projections. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments None. Item 2. Properties As of February 28, 2023, we own, lease or otherwise utilize through third-party management service agreements various properties worldwide for sales, procurement, research and development, administrative and distribution facilities. Our U.S. headquarters is located in El Paso, Texas, and we own two main distribution facilities in Southaven and Olive Branch, Mississippi, and lease one distribution facility in Olive Branch, Mississippi, which service both of our segments. In March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and currently services our Home & Outdoor segment. We believe our facilities are adequate to conduct our business. Item 3. Legal Proceedings We are involved in various legal claims and proceedings in the normal course of operations. We believe the outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity, except as described below. Water Filtration Patent Litigation On December 23, 2021, Brita LP filed a complaint against Kaz USA, Inc. and Helen of Troy Limited in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (the “Patent Litigation”), alleging patent infringement by the Company relating to its PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the Patent Litigation, Brita LP seeks monetary damages and injunctive relief relating to the alleged infringement. Brita LP simultaneously filed a complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”) against Kaz USA, Inc., Helen of Troy Limited and five other companies that sell water filtration systems (the “ITC Action”). The complaint in the ITC Action also alleges patent infringement by the Company with respect to a limited set of PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the ITC Action, Brita LP requested the ITC to initiate an unfair import investigation relating to such filtration systems. This action seeks injunctive relief to prevent entry of certain accused PUR products (and certain other products) into the U.S. and cessation of marketing and sales of existing inventory that is already in the U.S. On January 25, 2022, the ITC instituted the investigation requested by the ITC Action. Discovery closed in the ITC Action in May 2022, and approximately half of the originally identified PUR gravity-fed water filters were removed from the case and are no longer included in the ITC Action. In August 2022, the parties participated in the evidentiary hearing, with additional supplemental hearings in October 2022. On February 28, 2023, the ITC issued an Initial Determination in the ITC Action, tentatively ruling against Kaz USA, Inc. and the other respondents. The ITC has a guaranteed review process, and thus all respondents, including Kaz USA, Inc., filed a petition with the ITC for a full review of the Initial Determination prior to the ITC making any final decision in this matter. We are now awaiting a decision by the ITC regarding whether it will review any portion of the Initial Determination. The final decision in the ITC Action is expected by June 28, 2023. The Patent Litigation has been stayed pending resolution of the ITC Action. While we intend to continue to vigorously pursue our claims and defenses in these proceedings, we have also implemented mitigation plans to help minimize the expected potential impact to the Company, its customers and consumers of a negative ITC decision. These mitigation plans include the introduction of an alternative replacement water filter that could be distributed to customers promptly following a potentially adverse ITC decision at the end of June. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, the amount or range of any potential loss, when the proceedings will be resolved, or 29 Table of Contents customer acceptance of any replacement water filter. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and the resolution or disposition of these proceedings could, if adversely determined, have a material and adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. EPA Regulatory Matter During fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. The EPA did not raise any product quality, safety or performance issues. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. Our fiscal 2022 consolidated, and Beauty & Wellness segment’s, net sales revenue, gross profit and operating income were materially and adversely impacted by the stop shipment actions and the time needed to execute repackaging plans. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. Although, we are not aware of any fines or penalties related to this matter imposed against us by the EPA, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed. See Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures Not applicable. 30 Table of Contents PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Market Information for Common Stock Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under symbol: HELE. Approximate Number of Equity Security Holders of Record Our common stock is our only class of equity security outstanding at February 28, 2023. As of April 21, 2023, there were 111 holders of record of our common stock. A substantially greater number of holders of our common stock are “street name” or beneficial holders whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions. Cash Dividends Our current policy is to retain earnings to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business, common stock repurchases and for potential acquisitions. We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock since inception. Any change in dividend policy will depend upon future conditions, including earnings and financial condition, general business conditions, any applicable contractual limitations, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities In August 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our outstanding common stock. The authorization became effective August 25, 2021, for a period of three years, and replaced our former repurchase authorization, of which approximately $79.5 million remained. These repurchases may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or any combination of such methods. The number of shares purchased and the timing of the purchases will depend on a number of factors, including share price, trading volume and general market conditions, working capital requirements, general business conditions, financial conditions, any applicable contractual limitations, and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities. See Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. Our current equity-based compensation plans include provisions that allow for the “net exercise” of share- settled awards by all plan participants. In a net exercise, any required payroll taxes, federal withholding taxes and exercise price of the shares due from the option or other share-based award holders are settled by having the holder tender back to us a number of shares at fair value equal to the amounts due. Net exercises are treated as purchases and retirements of shares. 31 Table of Contents Share repurchase activity during the three-month period ended February 28, 2023, was as follows: Period December 1 through December 31, 2022 January 1 through January 31, 2023 February 1 through February 28, 2023 Total Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands) (2) 20 $ 13 88 121 $ 178.83 127.03 113.03 125.41 20 $ 13 88 121 403,634 403,632 403,623 (1) The number of shares includes shares of common stock acquired from associates who tendered shares to: (i) satisfy the tax withholding on equity awards as part of our long-term incentive plans or (ii) satisfy the exercise price on stock option exercises. For the periods presented, there were no common stock open market repurchases. (2) Reflects the remaining dollar value of shares that could be purchased under our current stock repurchase authorization through the expiration or termination of the plan. For additional information, see Note 11 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 32 Table of Contents Performance Graph The graph below compares the cumulative total return of our Company to the NASDAQ Composite Index and a Peer Group Index, assuming $100 was invested on February 28, 2018. The Peer Group Index is the Dow Jones U.S. Personal Products Index. The comparisons in this table are required by the SEC and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of the possible future performance of our common stock. The Performance Graph shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 under the Exchange Act. In addition, it shall not be deemed incorporated by reference by any statement that incorporates this Annual Report by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate this information by reference. Item 6. Reserved 33 Table of Contents Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the other sections of this Annual Report, including Item 1., “Business” and Item 8., “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” The various sections of this MD&A contain a number of forward-looking statements, all of which are based on our current expectations. Actual results may differ materially due to a number of factors, including those discussed in Item 1A.,“Risk Factors,” and in the section entitled “Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” following this MD&A, and in Item 7A., “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.” Throughout this MD&A, we refer to our Leadership Brands, which are brands that have number-one and number-two positions in their respective categories and include OXO, Hydro Flask, Osprey, Vicks, Braun, Honeywell, PUR, Hot Tools and Drybar. This MD&A, including the tables under the headings “Operating Income, Operating Margin, Adjusted Operating Income (non-GAAP), and Adjusted Operating Margin (non-GAAP) by Segment” and “Net Income, Diluted EPS, Adjusted Income (non-GAAP), and Adjusted Diluted EPS (non-GAAP),” reports operating income, operating margin, net income and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) without the impact of asset impairment charges, acquisition-related expenses, EPA compliance costs, gain from insurance recoveries, restructuring charges, tax reform, amortization of intangible assets, and non-cash share-based compensation for the periods presented, as applicable. These measures may be considered non-GAAP financial information as set forth in SEC Regulation G, Rule 100. The tables reconcile these measures to their corresponding GAAP-based measures presented in our consolidated statements of income. We believe that adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted income, and adjusted diluted EPS provide useful information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends relating to our financial condition and results of operations. We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures, in combination with our financial results calculated in accordance with GAAP, provide investors with additional perspective regarding the impact of such charges and benefits on applicable income, margin and earnings per share measures. We also believe that these non-GAAP measures facilitate a more direct comparison of our performance to our competitors. We further believe that including the excluded charges and benefits would not accurately reflect the underlying performance of our operations for the period in which the charges and benefits are incurred, even though such charges and benefits may be incurred and reflected in our GAAP financial results in the near future. The material limitation associated with the use of the non-GAAP financial measures is that the non-GAAP measures do not reflect the full economic impact of our activities. Our adjusted operating income, adjusted operating margin, adjusted income, and adjusted diluted EPS are not prepared in accordance with GAAP, are not an alternative to GAAP financial information and may be calculated differently than non-GAAP financial information disclosed by other companies. Accordingly, undue reliance should not be placed on non-GAAP information. These non-GAAP measures are discussed further and reconciled to their applicable GAAP-based measures contained in this MD&A beginning on page 52. We also refer to a number of other key financial measures, some of which are non-GAAP. Management primarily uses these measures to evaluate historical performance on a comparable basis, predict future performance and benchmark our performance against our competitors. Management also uses certain of these financial measures to calculate and monitor our compliance with the covenants in our credit agreement with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders (the “Credit Agreement”) and determine amounts available for borrowings. We believe these measures provide management and investors with important information that is useful in understanding our business results, trends and the covenants in our Credit Agreement. The following represents our key financial measures: • Core business sales: Net sales revenue associated with strategic business that we expect to be an ongoing part of our operations. 34 Table of Contents • EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense. • Gross profit margin: Gross profit divided by the related net sales revenue expressed as a • • percentage. Leadership Brand sales revenue, net: Net sales revenue from brands which have number-one and number-two positions in their respective categories and include OXO, Hydro Flask, Osprey, Vicks, Braun, Honeywell, PUR, Hot Tools and Drybar. Leverage ratio: Total current and long-term debt plus outstanding letters of credit, divided by EBITDA plus non-cash charges and certain allowed addbacks, less certain non-cash income, plus the pro forma effect of acquisitions and certain pro forma run-rate cost savings for acquisitions and dispositions, as defined in our Credit Agreement. • Non-Core business sales: Net sales revenue associated with business or net assets (including net assets held for sale) that we expect to divest within a year of its designation as Non-Core. • Online channel net sales: Direct to consumer online net sales, net sales to retail customers fulfilling end-consumer online orders and net sales to pure-play online retailers. • Operating margin: Operating income for the Company or a business segment divided by the related net sales revenue for the Company or a business segment. • Organic business sales: Net sales revenue associated with product lines or brands after the first twelve months from the date the product line or brand was acquired, excluding the impact that foreign currency remeasurement had on reported net sales revenue. • SG&A ratio: Total selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) divided by net sales revenue. • Working capital: Current assets less current liabilities. 35 Table of Contents Overview We are a leading global consumer products company offering creative products and solutions for our customers through a diversified portfolio of brands. We have built leading market positions through new product innovation, product quality and competitive pricing. We currently operate two segments consisting of Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization in connection with our global restructuring plan (as further described below) that resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment, which is referred to herein as “Beauty & Wellness.” In connection with these organizational structure changes, corresponding changes were made to how our business is managed, how results are reported internally and how our CEO, our chief operating decision maker, assesses performance and allocates resources. We believe that these changes better align internal resources and external go to market activities in order to create a more efficient and effective organizational structure. There were no changes to the products or brands included within our Home & Outdoor reportable segment as part of these organizational changes nor to the way in which our CEO assesses performance and allocates resources for the Home & Outdoor segment. As a result of these changes, our disclosures reflect two reportable segments, Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. Comparative prior period segment information in this Annual Report has been recast to conform to this change in our reportable segments. Our external reportable segments will continue to align with our internal reporting to enable users of the financial statements to better understand our performance, better assess our future net cash flows, and make more informed judgements about the Company as a whole. Fiscal 2020 began Phase II of our transformation, which was designed to drive the next five years of progress. The long-term objectives of Phase II include improved organic sales growth, continued margin expansion, and strategic and effective capital deployment. Phase II includes continued investment in our Leadership Brands, with a focus on growing them through consumer-centric innovation, expanding them more aggressively outside the U.S., and adding new brands through acquisition. We are building further shared service capability and operating efficiency, as well as focusing on attracting, retaining, unifying and training the best people. Additionally, we are continuing to enhance and consolidate our ESG efforts and accelerate programs related to DEI&B to support our Phase II transformation. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we focused on developing Project Pegasus, a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Project Pegasus includes initiatives to further optimize our brand portfolio, streamline and simplify the organization, accelerate cost of goods savings projects, enhance the efficiency of our supply chain network, optimize our indirect spending, and improve our cash flow and working capital, as well as other activities. We anticipate these initiatives will create operating efficiencies, as well as provide a platform to fund future growth investments. During fiscal 2023, we incurred $27.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs in connection with Project Pegasus, which were recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statement of income. See further discussion below within “Significant Trends Impacting the Business,” under “Project Pegasus” and Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Curlsmith, a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair. The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. We incurred pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.7 million during fiscal 2023, which were recognized in SG&A within our consolidated statement of income. 36 Table of Contents On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey, a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs, for $409.3 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. Osprey is highly respected in the outdoor industry with a product lineup that includes a wide range of backpacks and daypacks for hiking, mountaineering, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, trail running, commuting, and school, as well as rugged adventure travel packs, wheeled luggage, and travel accessories. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. On March 30, 2022, a third-party facility that we utilize for inventory storage incurred severe damage from a weather-related incident. The inventory that was stored at this facility primarily related to our Beauty & Wellness segment. While the inventory was insured, some seasonal inventory and inventory designated for specific customer promotions was not accessible and subsequently determined to be damaged, and as a result, unfavorably impacted our net sales revenue during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. As a result of the damages to the inventory stored at the facility, we recorded a charge to write-off the damaged inventory totaling $34.4 million during fiscal 2023. These charges were fully offset by probable insurance recoveries of $34.4 million also recorded during fiscal 2023, which represented anticipated insurance proceeds, not to exceed the amount of the associated losses, for which receipt was deemed probable. The charges for the damaged inventory and the expected insurance recoveries are included in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. During fiscal 2023, we received proceeds of $46.0 million from our insurance carriers related to this incident which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. As a result, during fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a gain of $9.7 million, net of costs incurred to dispose of the inventory, as a reduction of SG&A expense in our consolidated statement of income. Consistent with our strategy of focusing resources on our Leadership Brands, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Personal Care business. On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $44.7 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $0.5 million. On March 25, 2022, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $1.8 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $1.3 million. The net assets sold included intangible assets, inventory, certain net trade receivables, fixed assets and certain accrued sales discounts and allowances relating to our Personal Care business. As a result of these dispositions, we no longer have any assets or liabilities classified as held for sale. See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. On December 22, 2020, we entered into an amended and extended Trademark License Agreement with Revlon to license Revlon’s trademark for hair care appliances and tools (the “Revlon License”). The Revlon License amends and restates the existing Revlon trademark licensing agreements entirely, and eliminates ongoing royalties we have historically paid and recognized as expense within SG&A in accordance with such agreements. In exchange for this exclusive global license, we paid a one-time, up- front license fee of $72.5 million, which was recorded as an intangible asset at cost and is being amortized on a straight-line basis over a useful life of 40 years, representing the initial term. As a result of the Revlon License, we are no longer obligated to pay royalties to Revlon, and thus have not recognized royalty expense after December 22, 2020, the effective date of the Revlon License. Significant Trends Impacting the Business Project Pegasus During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we focused on developing Project Pegasus, a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Project Pegasus includes initiatives to further optimize our brand portfolio, streamline and simplify the organization, accelerate cost of goods savings projects, enhance the efficiency of our supply chain network, optimize our indirect spending, and improve our cash flow and working capital, as 37 Table of Contents well as other activities. We anticipate these initiatives will create operating efficiencies, as well as provide a platform to fund future growth investments. As part of our initiative focused on streamlining and simplifying the organization, we made further changes to the structure of our organization, which include the creation of a North America RMO responsible for sales and go to market strategies for all categories and channels in the U.S. and Canada, and further centralization of certain functions under shared services, particularly in operations and finance to better support our business segments and RMOs. This new structure, inclusive of the organizational structure changes described above resulting in the reportable segment change, will reduce the size of our global workforce by approximately 10%. The majority of the role reductions were completed by March 1, 2023, and nearly all of the remaining role reductions are expected to be completed before the end of fiscal year 2024. We believe that these changes better focus business segment resources on brand development, consumer-centric innovation and marketing, the RMOs on sales and go to market strategies, and shared services on their respective areas of expertise while also creating a more efficient and effective organizational structure. We have the following expectations regarding Project Pegasus: • Targeted annualized pre-tax operating profit improvements of approximately $75 million to $85 million, which we expect to substantially begin in fiscal 2024 and be substantially achieved by the end of fiscal 2026. • Estimated cadence of the recognition of the savings will be approximately 25% in fiscal 2024, • • approximately 50% in fiscal 2025 and approximately 25% in fiscal 2026. Total profit improvements to be realized approximately 60% through reduced cost of goods sold and 40% through lower SG&A. Total one-time pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $85 million to $95 million, over the duration of the plan, which are expected to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2024 and will primarily be comprised of severance and employee related costs, professional fees, contract termination costs, and other exit and disposal costs. • All of our operating segments and shared services will be impacted by the plan. In addition, we implemented plans to reduce inventory levels, increase inventory turns, and improve cash flow and working capital. Improvements related to these initiatives began in the second half of fiscal 2023, and we expect improvements to continue into fiscal 2024. Expectations regarding our Project Pegasus initiatives and our ability to realize targeted savings, including expectations concerning costs and savings, are based on management’s estimates available at the time and are subject to a number of assumptions that could materially impact our estimates. During fiscal 2023, we incurred $27.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs in connection with Project Pegasus, which were recorded as ‘‘Restructuring charges’’ in the consolidated statement of income. See Note 12 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information. Water Filtration Patent Litigation On December 23, 2021, Brita LP filed the “Patent Litigation”, alleging patent infringement by the Company relating to its PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. Brita LP simultaneously filed the ITC Action against Kaz USA, Inc., Helen of Troy Limited and five other companies that sell water filtration systems. The complaint in the ITC Action also alleges patent infringement by the Company with respect to a limited set of PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. This action seeks injunctive relief to prevent entry of certain accused PUR products (and certain other products) into the U.S. and cessation of marketing and sales of existing inventory that is already in the U.S. On February 28, 2023, the ITC issued an Initial Determination in the ITC Action, tentatively ruling against Kaz USA, Inc. and the other respondents. The ITC has a guaranteed review process, and thus all respondents, including Kaz USA, Inc., filed a petition with the ITC for a full review of the Initial Determination prior to the ITC making any final decision in this matter. We are now awaiting a decision by the ITC regarding whether it will review 38 Table of Contents any portion of the Initial Determination. The final decision in the ITC Action is expected by June 28, 2023. The Patent Litigation has been stayed pending resolution of the ITC Action. While we intend to continue to vigorously pursue our claims and defenses in these proceedings, we have also implemented mitigation plans to help minimize the expected potential impact to the Company, its customers and consumers of a negative ITC decision. These mitigation plans include the introduction of an alternative replacement water filter that could be distributed to customers promptly following a potentially adverse ITC decision at the end of June. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, the amount or range of any potential loss, when the proceedings will be resolved, or customer acceptance of any replacement water filter. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and the resolution or disposition of these proceedings could, if adversely determined, have a material and adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. For additional information regarding the Patent Litigation and the ITC Action, see Item 3., “Legal Proceedings” and Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Impact of Macroeconomic Trends Beginning in March 2020, interest rates were at historically low levels, primarily due to impacts to the U.S. economy caused by COVID-19. More recently, higher consumer demand, changes in interest rates, global supply chain disruption, and other factors have contributed to rapidly accelerating economic inflation. To offset the impacts of inflation, since March 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee has been raising interest rates, and has stated it may continue to raise interest rates during calendar year 2023. The Federal Open Market Committee increased the benchmark interest rate by 450 basis points during fiscal year 2023. As a result, during fiscal 2023, we incurred higher average interest rates compared to fiscal 2022 and we expect to incur higher average interest rates in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. While the actual timing and extent of future changes in interest rates remains unknown, higher average interest rates are expected to significantly increase interest expense on our outstanding debt. The financial markets, the global economy and global supply chain may also be adversely affected by the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, including the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or other geopolitical events. High inflation and interest rates have also negatively impacted consumer disposable income, credit availability and spending, among others, which have adversely impacted our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations and may continue to have an adverse impact. See further discussion below under “Consumer Spending and Changes in Shopping Preferences.” We expect continued uncertainty in our business and the global economy due to pressure from inflation, supply chain disruptions, volatility in employment trends and consumer confidence, any of which may adversely impact our results. Consumer Spending and Changes in Shopping Preferences Our business depends upon discretionary consumer demand for most of our products and primarily operates within mature and highly developed consumer markets. The principal driver of our operating performance is the strength of the U.S. retail economy. Approximately 74% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023 was from U.S. shipments compared to 78% and 79% of consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. Among other things, high levels of inflation and interest rates may negatively impact consumer disposable income, credit availability and spending. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including the products that we offer, generally decline during recessionary periods or periods of economic uncertainty, when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence. Dynamic changes in consumer spending and shopping patterns are also having an impact on retailer inventory levels. Our ability to sell to retailers is predicated on their ability to sell to the end consumer. During fiscal year 2023, we experienced an adverse impact on orders from customers as they aimed to rebalance their inventory levels due to lower consumer demand and shifts in consumer spending patterns. If orders from our retail customers continue to be adversely impacted, our sales, results of operations and cash flows may continue to be adversely impacted. We expect continued uncertainty in our business and the global economy due to inflation, changes in consumer spending patterns, and global supply chain disruptions. Accordingly, our liquidity and financial results could be impacted in ways 39 Table of Contents that we are not able to predict today. For additional information on our related material risks, see Item 1A., “Risk Factors.” Our concentration of sales reflects the evolution of consumer shopping preferences to online or multichannel shopping experiences. For fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, our net sales to retail customers fulfilling end-consumer online orders and online sales directly to consumers comprised approximately 23%, 24% and 26%, respectively, of our total consolidated net sales revenue and decreased approximately 8.9% and 1.3% in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, respectively, and grew approximately 32.2% in fiscal 2021 over the prior fiscal year periods. With the continued importance of online sales in the retail landscape, many brick and mortar retailers are aggressively looking for ways to improve their customer delivery capabilities to be able to meet customer expectations. As a result, it has become increasingly important for us to leverage our distribution capabilities in order to meet the changing demands of our customers, including increasing our online capabilities to support our direct-to-consumer sales channels and online channel sales by our retail customers. In March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and includes state-of- the-art automation. Additionally, we continue to invest in a centralized cloud-based e-commerce platform that we anticipate will enable us to leverage a common system and rapidly deploy new capabilities across all of our brands, as well as more easily integrate new brands. We anticipate this platform will enhance the customer experience by strengthening the digital presentation and product browsing capabilities and improving the checkout process, order delivery and post-order customer care. Impact of COVID-19 During fiscal 2021, the COVID-19 related impact on our business included the effect of temporary closures of certain customer stores or limited hours of operation and materially lower store traffic which shifted consumer shopping preferences from brick and mortar to more online purchases. In addition, we saw high demand for healthcare products as well as cooking, storage and related product lines as consumers spent more time at home. We also experienced disruptions to our supply chain due to shifting consumer purchasing patterns, limited capacity of shipping containers, and COVID-19 related work stoppages in the global supply chain. During fiscal 2022, we were adversely impacted by COVID-19 primarily related to global supply chain disruptions and related product and freight cost increases. We also saw recovery of certain product lines and brands that were unfavorably impacted in fiscal 2021 as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, as customers were able to return to more brick and mortar shopping, our mix of online sales was negatively impacted compared to fiscal 2021. During fiscal 2023, we continued to be adversely impacted by COVID-19 primarily related to global supply chain disruptions and related product and freight cost increases. See further discussion below under “Global Supply Chain and Related Cost Inflation Trends.” The extent of COVID-19’s impact on the demand for certain of our product lines in the future will depend on continuing future developments, including, among others, any new variants and surges in the spread of COVID-19 and our continued ability to source and distribute our products, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the continuously evolving landscape. Accordingly, our liquidity and financial results could be impacted in ways that we are not able to predict today. Global Supply Chain and Related Cost Inflation Trends During fiscal 2021 and 2022, surges in demand and shifts in shopping patterns related to COVID-19, as well as other factors, strained the global supply chain network, which resulted in carrier-imposed capacity restrictions, carrier delays, and longer lead times. Such increased demand for Chinese imports and COVID-19 illness and protocols within China caused disruptions to global supply chains. Further, this 40 Table of Contents increased demand and limited supply led to an increase in the market cost of inbound freight during fiscal 2021 and 2022 by several multiples compared to calendar year 2020 averages. During fiscal 2022, the disruptions in the global supply chain and freight networks also resulted in shortages of qualified drivers, which limited inbound and outbound shipment capacity and increased our costs of goods sold and certain operating expenses. Demand for raw materials, components and semiconductor chips impacted by the supply chain challenges described above created surges in prices during fiscal 2022. Further, in the U.S., the surge in demand for labor and rising hourly labor wages created labor shortages and higher labor costs, which adversely impacted us during fiscal 2022. During fiscal 2023, we continued to experience higher freight costs as well as disruption to certain parts of our supply chain, which in certain cases limited our ability to fulfill demand and may limit our ability to fulfill demand in the future. As consumer demand has slowed during fiscal 2023 in reaction to a highly inflationary economic environment, global supply chain capacity has improved and freight costs have begun to recede from their previous peaks. These global supply chain disruptions and related inflationary cost trends have adversely impacted our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations. Continuation of adverse trends, or more pronounced adverse impacts may arise, which could have further negative impacts to our business, results of operations and financial condition. EPA Compliance Costs Some product lines within our Beauty & Wellness segment are subject to product identification, labeling and claim requirements, which are monitored and enforced by regulatory agencies, such as the EPA, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. During fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. The EPA did not raise any product quality, safety or performance issues. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. Our fiscal 2022 consolidated, and Beauty & Wellness segment’s, net sales revenue, gross profit and operating income were materially and adversely impacted by the stop shipment actions and the time needed to execute repackaging plans. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. We recorded charges to cost of goods sold to write-off obsolete packaging for the affected products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit. We have also incurred additional compliance costs comprised of obsolete packaging, storage and other charges from vendors, which were recognized in cost of goods sold and incremental warehouse storage costs and legal fees, which were recognized in SG&A. We refer to these charges as “EPA compliance costs” throughout this Annual Report. 41 Table of Contents The following table provides a summary of EPA compliance costs incurred during the periods presented: (in thousands) Cost of goods sold SG&A Total EPA compliance costs Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 16,928 1 $ 6,645 23,573 $ 17,728 2 $ 14,626 32,354 $ — — — (1) Includes a $4.4 million charge to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected additional humidifier products and affected additional air filtration products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023. (2) Includes a $13.1 million charge to cost of goods sold to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected air filtration, water filtration and humidifier products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022. In addition, we incurred and capitalized into inventory costs to repackage a portion of our existing inventory of the affected products beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 through completion of the repackaging in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. Although we are not aware of any fines or penalties related to this matter imposed against us by the EPA, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed. See Note 13 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information and Item 1A., “Risk Factors” in this Annual Report for additional information on our related material risks. Potential Impact of Tariffs Since 2019, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (“USTR”) has imposed, and in certain cases subsequently reduced or suspended, additional tariffs on products imported from China. We purchase a high concentration of our products from unaffiliated manufacturers located in China. This concentration exposes us to risks associated with doing business globally, including changes in tariffs. Any alteration of trade agreements and terms between China and the U.S., including limiting trade with China, imposing additional tariffs on imports from China and potentially imposing other restrictions on imports from China to the U.S. may result in further or higher tariffs or retaliatory trade measures by China. Furthermore, in certain cases, we have been successful in obtaining tariff exclusions from the USTR on certain products that we import. These exclusions generally expire after a designated period of time. In the case that a tariff exclusion is not granted or extended, higher tariffs would be assessed on the related products. Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Fluctuations Due to the nature of our operations, we have exposure to the impact of fluctuations in exchange rates from transactions that are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency (the U.S. Dollar). Such transactions include sales and operating expenses. The most significant currencies affecting our operating results are the Euro, British Pound and Canadian Dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact on consolidated U.S. Dollar reported net sales revenue of approximately $17.0 million, or 0.8% for fiscal 2023, a favorable impact of approximately $6.8 million, or 0.3% for fiscal 2022 and an unfavorable impact of approximately $0.4 million, or less than 0.1% for fiscal 2021. Variability of the Cough/Cold/Flu Season Sales in several of our Beauty & Wellness segment categories are highly correlated to the severity of winter weather and cough/cold/flu incidence. In the U.S., the cough/cold/flu season historically runs from November through March, with peak activity normally in January to March. The 2022-2023 cough/cold/flu season was above historical averages, primarily early in the season, as respiratory infections surged in both children and adults and COVID-19 continued to be prevalent. The 2021-2022 cough/cold/flu season was below historical averages, but higher than the 2020-2021 season, which experienced historically low 42  (6.8) % (7.6) % (5.6) % (2.9) % — % * 5.9 % 8.4 % 2.8 % 6.8 % * 8.6 % Table of Contents incidence levels due to COVID-19 prevention measures including mask-wearing, remote learning, work from home, and reduced travel, brick and mortar shopping, and group gatherings. Results of Operations The following table provides selected operating data, in U.S. Dollars, as a percentage of net sales revenue, and as a year-over-year percentage change. (in thousands) 2023 (1)(2) 2022 (2) 2021 2023 2022 2021 23/22 22/21 Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, % of Sales Revenue, net % Change Sales revenue by segment, net Home & Outdoor $ 915,685 $ 865,844 $ 727,354 44.2 % 38.9 % 34.7 % 5.8 % 19.0 % Beauty & Wellness 1,156,982 1,357,511 1,371,445 55.8 % 61.1 % 65.3 % (14.8) % (1.0) % Total sales revenue, net 2,072,667 2,223,355 2,098,799 100.0 % 100.0 % 100.0 % Cost of goods sold 1,173,316 1,270,168 1,171,497 56.6 % 57.1 % 55.8 % Gross profit SG&A Asset impairment charges Restructuring charges Operating income 899,351 660,198 — 27,362 953,187 680,257 — 380 927,302 43.4 % 42.9 % 44.2 % 637,012 31.9 % 30.6 % 30.4 % 8,452 350 — % 1.3 % — % — % 0.4 % — % 211,791 272,550 281,488 10.2 % 12.3 % 13.4 % (22.3) % (3.2) % Non-operating income, net 249 260 559 Interest expense 40,751 12,844 12,617 — % 2.0 % — % 0.6 % — % (4.2) % (53.5) % 0.6 % * 1.8 % Income before income tax 171,289 259,966 269,430 8.3 % 11.7 % 12.8 % (34.1) % (3.5) % Income tax expense 28,016 36,202 15,484 1.4 % 1.6 % 0.7 % (22.6) % * Net income $ 143,273 $ 223,764 $ 253,946 6.9 % 10.1 % 12.1 % (36.0) % (11.9) % (1) Fiscal 2023 includes approximately forty-five weeks of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. (2) Fiscal 2022 includes approximately nine weeks of operating results from Osprey, acquired on December 29, 2021, and fiscal 2023 includes a full year of operating results. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. * Calculation is not meaningful. 43 Table of Contents Fiscal 2023 Financial Results • Consolidated net sales revenue decreased 6.8%, or $150.7 million, to $2,072.7 million compared to $2,223.4 million for the same period last year. • Consolidated operating income decreased 22.3%, or $60.8 million, to $211.8 million, compared to $272.6 million for the same period last year. Consolidated operating margin decreased 2.1 percentage points to 10.2%, compared to 12.3% for the same period last year. Consolidated operating income for fiscal 2023 includes pre-tax restructuring charges of $27.4 million related to Project Pegasus, pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $23.6 million, a pre-tax gain from insurance recoveries of $9.7 million, and pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.8 million. Consolidated operating income for fiscal 2022 included pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million, pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $32.4 million, and pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.4 million. • Consolidated adjusted operating income decreased 15.3%, or $54.2 million, to $300.9 million, compared to $355.1 million for the same period last year. Consolidated adjusted operating margin decreased 1.5 percentage points to 14.5% of consolidated net sales revenue, compared to 16.0% for the same period last year. • Net income decreased 36.0%, or $80.5 million, to $143.3 million, compared to $223.8 million for the same period last year. Diluted EPS decreased 35.1% to $5.95, compared to $9.17 for the same period last year. • Adjusted income decreased 24.6% to $227.7 million, compared to $301.8 million for the same period last year. Adjusted diluted EPS decreased 23.5% to $9.45, compared to $12.36 for the same period last year. Fiscal 2022 Financial Results • Consolidated net sales revenue increased 5.9%, or $124.6 million, to $2,223.4 million in fiscal 2022, compared to $2,098.8 million in fiscal 2021. • Consolidated operating income decreased 3.2%, or $8.9 million, to $272.6 million in fiscal 2022, compared to $281.5 million in fiscal 2021. Consolidated operating margin decreased 1.1 percentage points to 12.3% in fiscal 2022, compared to 13.4% in fiscal 2021. Consolidated operating income for fiscal 2022 included pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million, pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.4 million, and pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $32.4 million. Consolidated operating income for fiscal 2021 included pre-tax asset impairment charges of $8.5 million and pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million. • Consolidated adjusted operating income increased 6.2%, or $20.7 million, to $355.1 million in fiscal 2022, compared to $334.4 million in fiscal 2021. Consolidated adjusted operating margin increased 0.1 percentage point to 16.0% of consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2022, compared to 15.9% in fiscal 2021. • Net income decreased 11.9%, or $30.2 million, to $223.8 million in fiscal 2022, compared to $253.9 million in fiscal 2021. Diluted EPS decreased 9.0% to $9.17 in fiscal 2022, compared to $10.08 in fiscal 2021. • Adjusted income increased 2.8% to $301.8 million in fiscal 2022, compared to $293.7 million in fiscal 2021. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 6.1% to $12.36 in fiscal 2022, compared to $11.65 in fiscal 2021. 44 Table of Contents Consolidated and Segment Net Sales Revenue The following tables summarize the impact that Organic business, foreign currency, and acquisitions had on our net sales revenue by segment: (in thousands) Home & Outdoor Fiscal Year Ended Last Day of February, Beauty & Wellness Total Fiscal 2022 sales revenue, net $ 865,844 $ 1,357,511 $ 2,223,355 Organic business Impact of foreign currency Acquisition (1)(2) Change in sales revenue, net Fiscal 2023 sales revenue, net Total net sales revenue growth (decline) Organic business Impact of foreign currency Acquisition (in thousands) (93,569) (9,313) 152,723 49,841 (228,403) (7,656) 35,530 (200,529) (321,972) (16,969) 188,253 (150,688) $ 915,685 $ 1,156,982 $ 2,072,667 5.8 % (10.8) % (1.1) % 17.6 % (14.8) % (16.8) % (0.6) % 2.6 % (6.8) % (14.5) % (0.8) % 8.5 % Home & Outdoor Fiscal Year Ended Last Day of February, Beauty & Wellness Total Fiscal 2021 sales revenue, net $ 727,354 $ 1,371,445 $ 2,098,799 Organic business Impact of foreign currency Acquisition (2) Change in sales revenue, net Fiscal 2022 sales revenue, net Total net sales revenue growth (decline) Organic business Impact of foreign currency Acquisition 113,495 622 24,373 138,490 (20,140) 6,206 — (13,934) 93,355 6,828 24,373 124,556 $ 865,844 $ 1,357,511 $ 2,223,355 19.0 % 15.6 % 0.1 % 3.4 % (1.0) % (1.5) % 0.5 % — % 5.9 % 4.4 % 0.3 % 1.2 % (1) On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Curlsmith. Curlsmith sales are reported in Acquisition for the Beauty & Wellness segment in fiscal 2023 and consist of approximately forty-five weeks of operating results. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. (2) On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey. As such, fiscal 2022 includes approximately nine weeks of operating results from Osprey. Osprey sales prior to the first annual anniversary of the acquisition are reported in Acquisition for the Home & Outdoor segment in fiscal 2023 and consist of approximately forty-three weeks of incremental operating results. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In the above tables, Organic business refers to our net sales revenue associated with product lines or brands after the first twelve months from the date the product line or brand was acquired, excluding the impact that foreign currency remeasurement had on reported net sales revenue. Net sales revenue from internally developed brands or product lines is considered Organic business activity. We define Core business as strategic business that we expect to be an ongoing part of our operations, and Non-Core business as business or net assets (including net assets held for sale) that we expect to divest within a year of its designation as Non-Core. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Personal Care business. On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business and on March 25, 2022, we completed 45 Table of Contents the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care businesses. Accordingly, sales from our Personal Care business were included in Non-Core business for all historical periods presented. As a result of these dispositions, we no longer have any assets or liabilities classified as held for sale. The following tables summarize the impact that Core business and Non-Core (Personal Care) business had on our net sales revenue by segment: (in thousands) Fiscal 2022 sales revenue, net Core business Non-Core business (Personal Care) Change in sales revenue, net Fiscal 2023 sales revenue, net Total net sales revenue growth (decline) Core business Non-Core business (Personal Care) (in thousands) Fiscal 2021 sales revenue, net Core business Non-Core business (Personal Care) Change in sales revenue, net Fiscal 2022 sales revenue, net Total net sales revenue growth (decline) Core business Non-Core business (Personal Care) Fiscal Year Ended Last Day of February, Beauty & Wellness $ $ Home & Outdoor 865,844 49,841 — 49,841 915,685 $ $ 1,357,511 (166,413) (34,116) (200,529) 1,156,982 $ $ Total 2,223,355 (116,572) (34,116) (150,688) 2,072,667 5.8 % 5.8 % — % (14.8) % (12.3) % (2.5) % (6.8) % (5.2) % (1.5) % Fiscal Year Ended Last Day of February, Beauty & Wellness $ $ Home & Outdoor 727,354 138,490 — 138,490 865,844 $ $ 1,371,445 30,296 (44,230) (13,934) 1,357,511 $ $ Total 2,098,799 168,786 (44,230) 124,556 2,223,355 19.0 % 19.0 % — % (1.0) % 2.2 % (3.2) % 5.9 % 8.0 % (2.1) % Leadership Brand and Other Net Sales Revenue The following table summarizes our Leadership Brand and other net sales revenue: Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, $ Change % Change (in thousands) 2023 2022 2021 23/22 22/21 23/22 22/21 Leadership Brand sales revenue, net (1) $ 1,753,734 $ 1,810,249 $ 1,706,545 $ (56,515) $ 103,704 (3.1) % 6.1 % All other sales revenue, net Total sales revenue, net 318,933 413,106 392,254 (94,173) 20,852 (22.8) % 5.3 % $ 2,072,667 $ 2,223,355 $ 2,098,799 $ (150,688) $ 124,556 (6.8) % 5.9 % (1) Fiscal 2023 includes a full year of operating results from Osprey, acquired on December 29, 2021, compared to approximately nine weeks of operating results in fiscal 2022. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 46 Table of Contents Consolidated Net Sales Revenue Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Consolidated net sales revenue decreased $150.7 million, or 6.8%, to $2,072.7 million, compared to $2,223.4 million. The decline was driven by a decrease from Organic business of $322.0 million, or 14.5%, primarily due to: • • lower consumer demand, shifts in consumer spending patterns and reduced orders from retail customers due to higher trade inventory levels; and a net sales revenue decline of $34.1 million in Non-Core business due to the sale of our Personal Care business. These factors were partially offset by: • • an increase in sales in our Beauty & Wellness segment humidification and water filtration categories as a result of the EPA packaging compliance matter and related stop shipment actions in the comparative prior year, higher seasonal heaters and humidification product sales, and an increase in prestige market personal and hair care category sales; and the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs. The Osprey and Curlsmith acquisitions contributed $152.7 million and $35.5 million, respectively, or 8.5%, to consolidated net sales revenue growth. Net sales revenue was unfavorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $17.0 million, or (0.8)%. Net sales revenue from our Leadership Brands was $1,753.7 million, compared to $1,810.2 million, representing a decrease of 3.1%. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Consolidated net sales revenue increased $124.6 million, or 5.9%, to $2,223.4 million, compared to $2,098.8 million. Growth was driven by an increase from Organic business of $93.4 million, or 4.4%, primarily due to: • • • • higher brick and mortar and online channel sales in our Home & Outdoor segment and our Beauty & Wellness segment's hair appliances category primarily reflecting strong consumer demand and the favorable comparative impact of COVID-19 related store closures, reduced store traffic and a soft back-to-school season in the prior year; higher sales in the club and closeout channels; growth in consolidated international sales; and the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs. These factors were partially offset by: • • a net sales revenue decline in Non-Core business primarily due to the sale of our North America Personal Care business during the second quarter of fiscal 2022; and a decrease in sales in our Beauty & Wellness segment as a result of the EPA packaging compliance matter and related stop shipment actions and stronger COVID-19 driven demand for healthcare and healthy living products, primarily in thermometry and air filtration, in the comparative prior year. The Osprey acquisition also contributed $24.4 million, or 1.2%, to consolidated net sales revenue growth. Net sales revenue was also favorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $6.8 million, or 0.3%. Net sales revenue from our Leadership Brands was $1,810.2 million, compared to $1,706.5 million, representing growth of 6.1%. 47 Table of Contents Segment Net Sales Revenue Home & Outdoor Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Net sales revenue increased $49.8 million, or 5.8%, to $915.7 million, compared to $865.8 million, primarily due to the contribution from the acquisition of Osprey of $152.7 million, or 17.6%, to segment net sales revenue growth. This growth was partially offset by a decrease from Organic business of $93.6 million, or 10.8%, primarily due to: • • declines in sales primarily due to lower consumer demand driven by shifts in consumer spending patterns and reduced orders from retail customers due to higher trade inventory levels; and lower sales in the club channel. These factors were partially offset by higher sales in the closeout channel and the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs. Net sales revenue was also unfavorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $9.3 million, or (1.1)%. • Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Net sales revenue increased $138.5 million, or 19.0%, to $865.8 million, compared to $727.4 million. Growth was driven by an increase from Organic business of $113.5 million, or 15.6%, primarily due to: higher brick and mortar and online channel sales driven by strong consumer demand and the favorable comparative impact of COVID-19 related store closures, reduced store traffic and a soft back-to-school season in the prior year; higher sales in the club and closeout channels; growth in international sales; and the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs. • • • Net sales revenue growth also benefited from approximately nine weeks of net sales revenue of $24.4 million, or 3.4%, from the Osprey acquisition. Net sales revenue was also favorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $0.6 million, or 0.1%. Beauty & Wellness Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Net sales revenue decreased $200.5 million, or 14.8%, to $1,157.0 million, compared to $1,357.5 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease from Organic business of $228.4 million, or 16.8%, primarily due to: • • • lower sales of thermometry, air filtration and hair appliance products primarily driven by lower consumer demand, shifts in consumer spending patterns and reduced orders from retail customers due to higher trade inventory levels; a decline in Non-Core business net sales revenue due to the sale of our Personal Care business; and a decrease in seasonal fan sales. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • an increase in sales of humidification and water filtration products as a result of the EPA packaging compliance matter and related stop shipment actions in the comparative prior year; higher seasonal heater and humidification product sales; an increase in prestige market personal and hair care category sales; and the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs. 48 Table of Contents The Curlsmith acquisition contributed $35.5 million, or 2.6%, to segment net sales revenue growth. Net sales revenue was unfavorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $7.7 million, or (0.6)%. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Net sales revenue decreased $13.9 million, or 1.0%, to $1,357.5 million, compared to $1,371.4 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease from Organic business of $20.1 million, or 1.5%, primarily due to: • • • • a decrease in both brick and mortar and online sales of air filtration, water filtration, and humidification products as a result of the EPA packaging compliance matter and related stop shipment actions; a decline in sales of thermometers and air filtration products due to stronger COVID-19 driven demand for healthcare and healthy living products in the comparative prior year; a decline in Non-Core business net sales revenue primarily due to the sale of the North America Personal Care business during the second quarter of fiscal 2022; and the unfavorable impact on sales of air filtration products driven by greater wildfire activity on the west coast of the U.S. in the comparative prior year. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • • • • higher brick and mortar and online channel sales in the hair appliances and prestige market personal and hair care categories driven by strong consumer demand and the favorable comparative impact of COVID-19 related store closures and reduced store traffic in the prior year; an increase in sales of fans as some customers accelerated seasonal orders; higher international sales; the impact of customer price increases related to rising freight and product costs; new hair appliance product introductions; expanded distribution primarily in the club channel; and increased closeout channel sales. Net sales revenue was also favorably impacted by net foreign currency fluctuations of approximately $6.2 million, or 0.5%. Consolidated Gross Profit Margin Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Consolidated gross profit margin increased 0.5 percentage points to 43.4%, compared to 42.9%. The increase in consolidated gross profit margin was primarily due to a more favorable customer mix within the Home & Outdoor segment and the favorable impact of the acquisition of Curlsmith within the Beauty & Wellness segment. These factors were partially offset by: • • • a less favorable product mix within the Home & Outdoor segment due to the acquisition of Osprey; the net dilutive impact of inflationary costs and related customer price increases; and a less favorable product mix within the wellness categories of our Beauty & Wellness segment. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Consolidated gross profit margin decreased 1.3 percentage points to 42.9%, compared to 44.2%. The decrease in consolidated gross profit margin was primarily due to: the net dilutive impact of inflationary costs and related customer price increases; • • EPA compliance costs recognized in cost of goods sold in the Beauty & Wellness segment of $17.8 million; and a less favorable channel mix within the Home & Outdoor segment. • 49 Table of Contents These factors were partially offset by a favorable mix of more Home & Outdoor sales within our consolidated net sales revenue. Consolidated SG&A Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Consolidated SG&A ratio increased 1.3 percentage points to 31.9%, compared to 30.6%. The increase in the consolidated SG&A ratio was primarily due to: • • • • • the unfavorable leverage impact of the decrease in net sales; higher distribution expense; increased salary and wage costs; higher marketing expense; and increased amortization expense. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • • reduced annual incentive compensation expense; the favorable leverage impact of customer price increases related to inflationary costs; a gain from insurance recoveries on damaged inventory of $9.7 million; a decrease in EPA compliance costs of $8.0 million in the Beauty & Wellness segment; and lower share-based compensation expense. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Consolidated SG&A ratio increased 0.2 percentage points to 30.6%, compared to 30.4%. The increase in the consolidated SG&A ratio was primarily due to: • the comparative impact of higher personnel expense due to cost reduction initiatives in the prior year period related to the uncertainty of COVID-19; • EPA compliance costs of $14.6 million in the Beauty & Wellness segment as a result of the EPA packaging compliance matter and related stop shipment actions; higher share-based compensation expense; and increased distribution expense. • • These factors were partially offset by: • • • • a decrease in marketing expense; lower royalty expense; reduced amortization expense; and the favorable leverage impact of net sales growth. Asset Impairment Charges Fiscal 2023 We did not record any asset impairment charges. Fiscal 2022 We did not record any asset impairment charges. Fiscal 2021 As a result of our quarterly impairment evaluation of long-lived assets held for sale, we recorded an asset impairment charge of $8.5 million ($7.4 million after tax) to reduce the goodwill of our Personal Care business during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021. 50 Table of Contents Restructuring Charges Fiscal 2023 We incurred $27.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs related primarily to professional fees and severance and employee related costs under Project Pegasus. During fiscal 2023, we made total cash restructuring payments of $20.8 million and had a remaining liability of $6.6 million as of February 28, 2023. Fiscal 2022 We incurred $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs related to employee severance and termination benefits under a prior restructuring plan referred to as Project Refuel. During fiscal 2022, we made total cash restructuring payments of $0.5 million. Fiscal 2021 We incurred $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs related to employee severance and termination benefits and contract termination costs under a prior restructuring plan referred to as Project Refuel. During fiscal 2021, we made total cash restructuring payments of $1.1 million and had a remaining liability of $0.1 million as of February 28, 2021. 51 Table of Contents Operating Income, Operating Margin, Adjusted Operating Income (non-GAAP), and Adjusted Operating Margin (non-GAAP) by Segment In order to provide a better understanding of the impact of certain items on our operating income, the tables that follow report the comparative pre-tax impact of asset impairment charges, acquisition-related expenses, EPA compliance costs, gain from insurance recoveries, restructuring charges, amortization of intangible assets, and non-cash share-based compensation, as applicable, on operating income and operating margin for each segment and in total for the periods presented below. Adjusted operating income and adjusted operating margin may be considered non-GAAP financial measures as contemplated by SEC Regulation G, Rule 100. For additional information regarding management’s decision to present this non-GAAP financial information, see the introduction to this Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” (in thousands) Operating income, as reported (GAAP) Acquisition-related expenses EPA compliance costs Gain from insurance recoveries Restructuring charges Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) (in thousands) Operating income, as reported (GAAP) Acquisition-related expenses EPA compliance costs Restructuring charges Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) (in thousands) Operating income, as reported (GAAP) Asset impairment charges Restructuring charges Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted operating income (non-GAAP) Home & Outdoor (1) Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023 Beauty & Wellness (2) 134,053 117 — — 8,689 142,859 7,020 10,751 160,630 14.6 % $ — % — % — % 0.9 % 15.6 % 0.8 % 1.2 % 17.5 % $ 77,738 2,667 23,573 (9,676) 18,673 112,975 11,302 16,002 140,279 6.7 % $ 0.2 % 2.0 % (0.8) % 1.6 % 9.8 % 1.0 % 1.4 % 12.1 % $ Home & Outdoor (1) Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 Beauty & Wellness 134,925 2,424 — 369 137,718 2,891 13,812 154,421 15.6 % $ 0.3 % — % — % 15.9 % 0.3 % 1.6 % 17.8 % $ 137,625 — 32,354 11 169,990 9,873 20,806 200,669 10.1 % $ — % 2.4 % — % 12.5 % 0.7 % 1.5 % 14.8 % $ Total 211,791 2,784 23,573 (9,676) 27,362 255,834 18,322 26,753 300,909 Total 272,550 2,424 32,354 380 307,708 12,764 34,618 355,090 10.2 % 0.1 % 1.1 % (0.5) % 1.3 % 12.3 % 0.9 % 1.3 % 14.5 % 12.3 % 0.1 % 1.5 % — % 13.8 % 0.6 % 1.6 % 16.0 % Home & Outdoor Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2021 Beauty & Wellness 122,487 — 249 122,736 2,055 10,278 135,069 16.8 % $ — % — % 16.9 % 0.3 % 1.4 % 18.6 % $ 159,001 8,452 101 167,554 15,588 16,140 199,282 11.6 % $ 0.6 % — % 12.2 % 1.1 % 1.2 % 14.5 % $ Total 281,488 8,452 350 290,290 17,643 26,418 334,351 13.4 % 0.4 % — % 13.8 % 0.8 % 1.3 % 15.9 % $ $ $ $ $ $ (1) Fiscal 2023 includes a full year of operating results from Osprey, acquired on December 29, 2021, compared to approximately nine weeks of operating results in fiscal 2022. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. (2) Fiscal 2023 includes approximately forty-five weeks of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. 52 Table of Contents Consolidated Operating Income Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Consolidated operating income was $211.8 million, or 10.2% of net sales revenue, compared to $272.6 million, or 12.3% of net sales revenue. Fiscal 2023 includes pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.8 million, pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $23.6 million, pre-tax gain from insurance recoveries of $9.7 million, and pre-tax restructuring charges of $27.4 million, compared to pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.4 million, pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $32.4 million, and pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million in fiscal 2022. The effect of these items unfavorably impacted the year-over-year comparison of consolidated operating margin by a combined 0.4 percentage points. The remaining 1.7 percentage point decrease in consolidated operating margin was primarily driven by: • • • • • • • unfavorable operating leverage; higher distribution expense; a less favorable product mix within the Home & Outdoor segment due to the acquisition of Osprey; a less favorable product mix within the wellness categories of our Beauty & Wellness segment; increased salary and wage costs; higher marketing expense; and increased amortization expense. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • • a favorable mix of more Home & Outdoor sales within our consolidated net sales revenue; reduced annual incentive compensation expense; the favorable impact of the acquisition of Curlsmith within the Beauty & Wellness segment; a more favorable customer mix within the Home & Outdoor segment; and lower share-based compensation expense. Consolidated adjusted operating income decreased 15.3% to $300.9 million, or 14.5% of net sales revenue, compared to $355.1 million, or 16.0% of net sales revenue. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Consolidated operating income was $272.6 million, or 12.3% of net sales revenue, compared to $281.5 million, or 13.4% of net sales revenue. Fiscal 2022 includes pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.4 million, pre-tax EPA compliance costs of $32.4 million, and pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million, compared to pre-tax asset impairment charges of $8.5 million and pre-tax restructuring charges of $0.4 million in fiscal 2021. The effect of these items unfavorably impacted the year-over-year comparison of consolidated operating margin by a combined 1.2 percentage points. The remaining 0.1 percentage point increase in consolidated operating margin was primarily driven by: • • • • a favorable mix of more Home & Outdoor sales within our consolidated net sales revenue; a decrease in marketing expense; lower royalty expense; and reduced amortization expense. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • • the net dilutive impact of inflationary costs and related customer price increases; the comparative impact of higher personnel expense due to cost reduction initiatives in the prior year period related to the uncertainty of COVID-19; higher share-based compensation expense; increased distribution expense; and a less favorable channel mix within the Home & Outdoor segment. Consolidated adjusted operating income increased 6.2% to $355.1 million, or 16.0% of net sales revenue, compared to $334.4 million, or 15.9% of net sales revenue. 53 Table of Contents Home & Outdoor Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Operating income was $134.1 million, or 14.6% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $134.9 million, or 15.6% of segment net sales revenue. The 1.0 percentage point decrease in segment operating margin was primarily due to: • • • • • the impact of the acquisition of Osprey, which has a lower operating margin than the rest of the Home & Outdoor segment; an increase in distribution expense; an increase in restructuring charges of $8.3 million; an increase in marketing expense; and higher salary and wage costs. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • a more favorable customer mix; reduced annual incentive compensation expense; lower inventory obsolescence expense; and lower share-based compensation expense. Adjusted operating income increased 4.0% to $160.6 million, or 17.5% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $154.4 million, or 17.8% of segment net sales revenue. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Operating income was $134.9 million, or 15.6% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $122.5 million, or 16.8% of segment net sales revenue. The 1.2 percentage point decrease in segment operating margin was primarily due to: • • • • • a less favorable channel mix; an increase in marketing expense; higher acquisition-related expense in connection with the Osprey transaction; the net dilutive impact of inflationary costs and related customer price increases; and higher share-based compensation expense. These factors were partially offset by favorable operating leverage and a more favorable product mix. Adjusted operating income increased 14.3% to $154.4 million, or 17.8% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $135.1 million, or 18.6% of segment net sales revenue. Beauty & Wellness Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Operating income was $77.7 million, or 6.7% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $137.6 million, or 10.1% of segment net sales revenue. The 3.4 percentage point decrease in segment operating margin is primarily due to: • • • • • • • unfavorable operating leverage; higher distribution expense; restructuring charges of $18.7 million; higher salary and wage costs; the unfavorable comparative impact of tariff exclusion refunds received in the prior year; a less favorable product mix within the wellness categories; and acquisition-related expense in connection with the Curlsmith transaction. These factors were partially offset by: • decreased annual incentive compensation expense; 54 Table of Contents • • • a gain from insurance recoveries on damaged inventory of $9.7 million; the favorable impact of the acquisition of Curlsmith; and a decrease in EPA compliance costs of $8.8 million. Adjusted operating income decreased 30.1% to $140.3 million, or 12.1% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $200.7 million, or 14.8% of segment net sales revenue. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Operating income was $137.6 million, or 10.1% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $159.0 million, or 11.6% of segment net sales revenue. The 1.5 percentage point decrease in segment operating margin is primarily due to: • EPA compliance costs of $32.4 million; • • • • higher salary and wage costs; the net dilutive impact of inflationary costs and related customer price increases; higher share-based compensation expense; and increased distribution expense. These factors were partially offset by: • • • • • • a decrease in marketing expense; lower inbound air freight expense; the favorable comparative impact of tariff exclusion refunds received in fiscal 2022; reduced royalty expense, primarily as a result of the amended Revlon trademark license; a decrease in asset impairment charges of $8.5 million; and reduced amortization expense. Adjusted operating income increased 0.7% to $200.7 million, or 14.8% of segment net sales revenue, compared to $199.3 million, or 14.5% of segment net sales revenue. Interest Expense Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Interest expense was $40.8 million, compared to $12.8 million. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to higher average levels of debt outstanding, including borrowings to fund the acquisition of Curlsmith, as well as construction of a new distribution facility, and higher average interest rates compared to the prior year. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Interest expense was $12.8 million, compared to $12.6 million. The increase in interest expense was primarily due to higher average levels of debt outstanding, including borrowings to fund the acquisition of Osprey, partially offset by lower average interest rates compared to the prior year. Income Tax Expense The period-over-period comparison of our effective tax rate is often impacted by the mix of income in our various tax jurisdictions. Due to our organization in Bermuda and the ownership structure of our foreign subsidiaries, many of which are not owned directly or indirectly by a U.S. parent company, an immaterial amount of our foreign income is subject to U.S. taxation on a permanent basis under current law. Additionally, our intellectual property is largely owned by our foreign subsidiaries, resulting in proportionally higher earnings in jurisdictions with lower statutory tax rates, which decreases our overall effective tax rate. On December 15, 2022, the European Union agreed to implement the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development's Inclusive Framework project's global minimum tax rules starting in 2024. 55 Table of Contents We will continue to monitor whether, and to what extent, the Inclusive Framework project's rules are implemented consistently across jurisdictions and evaluate any potential impact to our global effective tax rate. On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “Act”) was enacted and signed into law. The Act is a budget reconciliation package that includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy, and health care. The tax provisions include, among other items, a corporate alternative minimum tax of 15%, an excise tax of 1% on corporate stock buy-backs, energy-related tax credits, and additional IRS funding. We currently do not expect these tax provisions to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor and evaluate impact as further regulatory guidance becomes available. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted and signed into law. The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak that contains numerous tax provisions. Among other things, the CARES Act included technical corrections to the effective date language in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted into law on December 22, 2017 (the “Tax Act”), related to net operating loss carrybacks. Upon the enactment of the Tax Act in fiscal 2018, there was a net operating loss on our balance sheet, which was measured using the U.S. statutory tax rate in effect prior to enactment. As a result of the Tax Act, we were required to record a one-time charge of $17.9 million in fiscal 2018, which included a charge of $9.4 million to remeasure the net operating loss at the reduced rate at which it was expected to reverse in the future. The CARES Act effectively reversed the impact of the Tax Act on our net operating loss, resulting in a corresponding tax benefit of $9.4 million recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Our Macau subsidiary generates income from the sale of the goods that it has sourced and procured. This subsidiary is responsible for the sourcing and procurement of a large portion of the products that we sell. We previously had an indefinite tax holiday in Macau conditioned on the subsidiary meeting certain employment and investment thresholds. The Macau Offshore Law and its supplementary regulations that grant tax incentives to approved offshore institutions was abolished on January 1, 2021. Existing approved offshore institutions such as ours continued to operate under the offshore regime until the end of the calendar year 2020. Beginning in calendar year 2021, our Macau subsidiary transitioned to onshore status and became subject to a statutory corporate income tax of approximately 12%. Because our Macau subsidiary is not directly or indirectly owned by a U.S. parent, there is no U.S. tax liability associated with the income generated in Macau. Fiscal 2023 income tax expense as a percentage of income before income tax was 16.4% compared to income tax expense of 13.9% for fiscal 2022, primarily due to shifts in the mix of income in our various tax jurisdictions. Fiscal 2022 income tax expense as a percentage of income before income tax was 13.9% compared to income tax expense of 5.7% for fiscal 2021, primarily due to the mix of income in our various tax jurisdictions and the benefit of the CARES Act in fiscal 2021, partially offset by the favorable comparative impact of increases in liabilities related to uncertain tax positions in the prior year. 56 Table of Contents Net Income, Diluted EPS, Adjusted Income (non-GAAP), and Adjusted Diluted EPS (non-GAAP) In order to provide a better understanding of the impact of certain items on our income and diluted EPS, the tables that follow report the comparative after-tax impact of asset impairment charges, acquisition- related expenses, EPA compliance costs, gain from insurance recoveries, restructuring charges, tax reform, amortization of intangible assets, and non-cash share-based compensation, as applicable, on income and diluted EPS for the periods presented below. For additional information regarding management’s decision to present this non-GAAP financial information, see the introduction to this Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023 Income Diluted EPS Tax Net of Tax Before Tax Tax Net of Tax (in thousands, except per share data) Before Tax As reported (GAAP) Acquisition-related expenses EPA compliance costs Gain from insurance recoveries Restructuring charges Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted (non-GAAP) $ 171,289 $ 28,016 $ 143,273 $ 2,784 23,573 (9,676) 27,362 215,332 18,322 26,753 2 354 (121) 388 28,639 2,275 1,830 $ 260,407 $ 32,744 $ 227,663 $ 2,782 23,219 (9,555) 26,974 186,693 16,047 24,923 Weighted average shares of common stock used in computing diluted EPS 7.11 $ 0.12 0.98 (0.40) 1.14 8.94 0.76 1.11 10.81 $ 1.16 $ — 0.01 (0.01) 0.02 1.19 0.09 0.08 1.36 $ 5.95 0.12 0.96 (0.40) 1.12 7.75 0.67 1.03 9.45 24,090 Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 Income Diluted EPS Tax Net of Tax Before Tax Tax Net of Tax (in thousands, except per share data) Before Tax As reported (GAAP) Acquisition-related expenses EPA compliance costs Restructuring charges Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted (non-GAAP) $ 259,966 $ 36,202 $ 223,764 $ 2,424 32,354 380 295,124 12,764 34,618 87 485 6 36,780 1,010 2,965 $ 342,506 $ 40,755 $ 301,751 $ 2,337 31,869 374 258,344 11,754 31,653 Weighted average shares of common stock used in computing diluted EPS 10.65 $ 0.10 1.33 0.02 12.09 0.52 1.42 14.03 $ 1.48 $ — 0.02 — 1.51 0.04 0.12 1.67 $ 9.17 0.10 1.31 0.02 10.58 0.48 1.30 12.36 24,410 Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2021 Income Diluted EPS Tax Net of Tax Before Tax Tax Net of Tax (in thousands, except per share data) Before Tax As reported (GAAP) Asset impairment charges Restructuring charges Tax reform Subtotal Amortization of intangible assets Non-cash share-based compensation Adjusted (non-GAAP) $ 269,430 $ 15,484 $ 253,946 $ 1,009 2 9,357 25,852 865 1,926 $ 322,293 $ 28,643 $ 293,650 $ 8,452 350 — 278,232 17,643 26,418 7,443 348 (9,357) 252,380 16,778 24,492 Weighted average shares of common stock used in computing diluted EPS 57 10.69 $ 0.34 0.01 — 11.04 0.70 1.05 12.79 $ 0.61 $ 0.04 — 0.37 1.03 0.03 0.08 1.14 $ 10.08 0.30 0.01 (0.37) 10.02 0.67 0.97 11.65 25,196 Table of Contents Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Net Income was $143.3 million compared to $223.8 million. Diluted EPS was $5.95 compared to $9.17. Diluted EPS decreased primarily due to lower operating income in the Beauty & Wellness segment, higher interest expense and an increase in the effective income tax rate, partially offset by lower weighted average diluted shares outstanding. Adjusted income decreased $74.1 million, or 24.6%, to $227.7 million compared to $301.8 million. Adjusted diluted EPS decreased 23.5% to $9.45 compared to $12.36. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Net Income was $223.8 million compared to $253.9 million. Diluted EPS was $9.17 compared to $10.08. Diluted EPS decreased primarily due to lower operating income in the Beauty & Wellness segment and a higher effective income tax rate primarily due to the tax reform benefit recognized in the prior year, partially offset by higher operating income in the Home & Outdoor segment and lower weighted average diluted shares outstanding. Adjusted income increased $8.1 million, or 2.8%, to $301.8 million compared to $293.7 million. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 6.1% to $12.36 compared to $11.65. Liquidity and Capital Resources We principally rely on our cash flow from operations and borrowings under our Credit Agreement to finance our operations, capital and intangible asset expenditures, acquisitions and share repurchases. Historically, our principal uses of cash to fund our operations have included operating expenses, primarily SG&A, and working capital, predominantly for inventory purchases and the extension of credit to our retail customers. We have typically been able to generate positive cash flow from operations sufficient to fund our operating activities. In the past, we have utilized a combination of available cash and existing, or additional, sources of financing to fund strategic acquisitions, share repurchases and capital investments. We generated $208.2 million in cash from operations during fiscal 2023 and had $29.1 million in cash and cash equivalents at February 28, 2023. As of February 28, 2023, the amount of cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries was $27.0 million. Capital and intangible asset expenditures in fiscal 2023 of $174.9 million included construction expenditures inclusive of capitalized interest related to a new two million square foot distribution facility. During fiscal 2023 we acquired Curlsmith for $147.9 million in cash, net of cash acquired. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our Credit Agreement. We experienced elevated outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement during fiscal 2023 in comparison to fiscal 2022 due to borrowings to fund the acquisitions of Osprey and Curlsmith and the construction of our new distribution facility, coupled with the impact of lower consumer demand and shifts in consumer spending patterns. We have no existing activities involving special purpose entities or off-balance sheet financing. Our anticipated material cash requirements in fiscal 2024 include the following: • • • operating expenses, primarily SG&A and working capital predominately for inventory purchases and to carry normal levels of accounts receivable on our balance sheet; repayment of a current maturity of long term debt of $6.3 million; estimated interest payments of approximately $57.9 million based on outstanding debt obligations, weighted average interest rates and interest rate swaps in effect at February 28, 2023; • minimum operating lease payments under existing obligations of approximately $9.4 million; • minimum royalty payments under existing license agreements of approximately $6.4 million; • restructuring payments under Project Pegasus of approximately $31.0 million (refer to Note 12 for additional information); and 58 Table of Contents • capital and intangible asset expenditures between approximately $45 million to $50 million for automation equipment at our new distribution facility and to support ongoing operations and future infrastructure needs. Our anticipated material cash requirements beyond fiscal 2024 include the following: • • • operating expenses, primarily SG&A and working capital predominately for inventory purchases and to carry normal levels of accounts receivable on our balance sheet; outstanding long-term debt obligations maturing between fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2026, in an aggregate principal value of approximately $930.6 million, with $924.4 million of that amount maturing in fiscal 2026 (refer to Note 14 for additional information); estimated interest payments of approximately $62.7 million and $3.9 million in fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2026, respectively, based on outstanding debt obligations, weighted average interest rates and interest rate swaps in effect at February 28, 2023 (refer to Note 14 for additional information); • minimum operating lease payments of approximately $53.7 million over the term of our existing operating lease arrangements (refer to Note 3 for additional information); • minimum royalty payments of approximately $20.4 million over the term of the existing license • agreements (refer to Note 13 for additional information); and capital and intangible asset expenditures to support ongoing operations and future infrastructure needs. Based on our current financial condition and current operations, we believe that cash flows from operations and available financing sources will continue to provide sufficient capital resources to fund our foreseeable short- and long-term liquidity requirements. We continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities on a regular basis. We may finance acquisition activity with available cash, the issuance of shares of common stock, additional debt, or other sources of financing, depending upon the size and nature of any such transaction and the status of the capital markets at the time of such acquisition. We may also elect to repurchase additional shares of common stock under our Board of Directors' authorization, subject to limitations contained in our debt agreements and based upon our assessment of a number of factors, including share price, trading volume and general market conditions, working capital requirements, general business conditions, financial conditions, any applicable contractual limitations, and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities. We may finance share repurchases with available cash, additional debt or other sources of financing. For additional information, see Item 5., “Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities” in this Annual Report. Operating Activities Comparison of Fiscal 2023 to 2022 Operating activities provided net cash of $208.2 million compared to $140.8 million. The increase was primarily driven by decreases in cash used for inventory purchases and accounts receivable, partially offset by a decrease in cash earnings and increases in cash paid primarily for interest, restructuring activities and income taxes. Comparison of Fiscal 2022 to 2021 Operating activities provided net cash of $140.8 million compared to $314.1 million. The decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in cash earnings and increases in cash used primarily for inventory purchases, customer incentives, annual incentive compensation payments, and accounts receivable to extend credit to our retail customers, partially offset by an increase in accrued income taxes. 59 Table of Contents Investing Activities Investing activities used cash of $319.3 million, $438.9 million and $98.7 million in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Highlights from Fiscal 2023 • We paid $147.9 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Curlsmith and made investments in capital and intangible asset expenditures of $174.9 million, of which $147.0 million was for construction expenditures inclusive of capitalized interest related to a new 2 million square foot distribution facility. Capital and intangible asset expenditures also included $27.9 million primarily for computer, software, furniture and other equipment and tools, molds, and other production equipment. Highlights from Fiscal 2022 • We paid $410.9 million, net of cash acquired, to acquire Osprey and made investments in capital and intangible asset expenditures of $78.0 million, of which $55.8 million was for land and initial construction expenditures related to a new 2 million square foot distribution facility. In addition, capital and intangible asset expenditures of $22.2 million were made primarily for tools, molds, and other production equipment and computer, software, furniture and other equipment. These uses of cash for investing activities were partially offset by proceeds from the sale of our North America Personal Care business and property and equipment of $44.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Highlights from Fiscal 2021 • We made investments in capital and intangible asset expenditures of $98.7 million, primarily for the extension of the Revlon License and use of the trademark royalty-free for the next 100 years, for which we paid a one-time, up-front license fee of $72.5 million. In addition, capital expenditures of $26.2 million were made for molds, production and distribution equipment, information technology equipment, and software. Financing Activities Financing activities provided cash of $106.8 million and $286.4 million in fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, and used cash of $194.8 million in fiscal 2021. Highlights from Fiscal 2023 • • • • • we had draws of $685.8 million in revolving loans under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $795.3 million of revolving loans drawn under our Credit Agreement; we received proceeds of $250.0 million from term loans under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $19.8 million of long-term debt; and we repurchased and retired 90,462 shares of common stock at an average price of $203.02 per share for a total purchase price of $18.4 million through the settlement of certain stock awards. Highlights from Fiscal 2022 • • • • we had draws of $998.2 million under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $527.7 million drawn under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $1.9 million of long-term debt; and we repurchased and retired 854,959 shares of common stock at an average price of $220.13 per share for a total purchase price of $188.2 million through a combination of open market purchases and the settlement of certain stock awards. 60 Table of Contents Highlights from Fiscal 2021 • • • • • we had draws of $937.4 million under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $928.4 million drawn under our Credit Agreement; we repaid $1.9 million of long-term debt; we paid $3.8 million of financing costs in connection with the amendment of our Credit Agreement; and we repurchased and retired 1,030,023 shares of common stock at an average price of $197.37 per share for a total purchase price of $203.3 million through a combination of open market purchases and the settlement of certain stock awards. Credit Agreement and Other Debt Agreements Credit Agreement We have a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders that provides for an unsecured total revolving commitment of $1.25 billion and matures on March 13, 2025. The Credit Agreement includes a $300 million accordion, which can be used for term loan commitments. The accordion permits the Company to request to increase its borrowing capacity, not to exceed the $300 million commitment in the aggregate, provided certain conditions are met, including lender approval. As described below, in June of 2022, we exercised $250 million of the $300 million accordion under the Credit Agreement and borrowed $250 million as term loans. Any increase to term loan commitments and revolving loan commitments must be made on terms identical to the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement and must have a maturity date of no earlier than March 13, 2025. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement on a dollar-for-dollar basis. We are able to repay amounts borrowed at any time without penalty. Borrowings accrue interest under one of two alternative methods pursuant to the Credit Agreement as described below. With each borrowing against our credit line, we can elect the interest rate method based on our funding needs at the time. We also incur loan commitment and letter of credit fees under the Credit Agreement. At February 28, 2022, the Credit Agreement bore floating interest at either the Base Rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and LIBOR borrowings, respectively. On June 28, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to, among other things, replace LIBOR with Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) as the reference interest rate. Accordingly, we updated our interest rate swap contracts associated with the Credit Agreement borrowings to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR as the reference interest rate. In connection with the amendment, we also (i) exercised the accordion under the Credit Agreement and borrowed $250 million as term loans, and (ii) provided a notice relating to a qualified acquisition, which triggered temporary adjustments to the maximum leverage ratio as further described below. The term loans are payable at the end of each fiscal quarter in equal installments of 0.625% of the term loans made, which began in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, with the remaining balance due at the maturity date. The maturity date of the term loans is March 13, 2025, which is the same maturity date as the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement. The proceeds from the term loans were used to repay revolving loans under the Credit Agreement. We may prepay the term loans, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty. Following the amendment, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR, plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively, plus a credit spread of 0.10% for Term SOFR borrowings. As a result of the notice for the qualified acquisition, the maximum leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00 through February 28, 2023, 3.75 to 1.00 through May 31, 2023 and 3.50 to 1.00 thereafter. 61 Table of Contents As of February 28, 2023, the outstanding Credit Agreement principal balance was $936.9 million (excluding prepaid financing fees) and the balance of outstanding letters of credit was $18.2 million. The weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding under the Credit Agreement was 6.6% at February 28, 2023. As of February 28, 2023, the amount available for revolving loans under the Credit Agreement was $541.8 million. Covenants in the Credit Agreement limit the amount of total indebtedness we can incur. As a result of our exercise of the qualified acquisition notice under the Credit Agreement, as of February 28, 2023, these covenants effectively limited our ability to incur more than $363.0 million of additional debt from all sources, including the Credit Agreement. Other Debt Agreements On February 28, 2023, we paid the remaining balance of $15.1 million, including principal and interest, outstanding under our unsecured loan agreement (the “MBFC Loan”) with the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation (the “MBFC”), without penalty. As a result, as of February 28, 2023, we no longer have outstanding debt related to the MBFC Loan and the MBFC Loan terminated pursuant to its terms. The loan agreement was entered into in connection with the issuance by MBFC of taxable industrial development revenue bonds. The borrowings were used to fund construction of our Olive Branch, Mississippi distribution facility. The maturity date of the MBFC Loan was March 1, 2023. On August 26, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the loan agreement for the unsecured MBFC Loan to, among other things, replace LIBOR with Term SOFR (as defined in the loan agreement) as the reference interest rate. Following the effective date of the amendment, borrowings under the MBFC Loan bore interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR (both as defined in the loan agreement), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the loan agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively, plus a credit spread of 0.10% for Term SOFR borrowings. Prior to the amendment, the MBFC Loan bore floating interest based on either LIBOR plus a margin of up to 2.0%, or a Base Rate plus a margin of up to 1.0%, as determined by the interest rate elected and the Net Leverage Ratio defined in loan agreement. Debt Covenants All of our debt is unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. Our Credit Agreement requires the maintenance of certain key financial covenants, defined in the table below. Our Credit Agreement also contains other customary covenants, including, among other things, covenants restricting or limiting us, except under certain conditions set forth therein, from (1) incurring debt, (2) incurring liens on our properties, (3) making certain types of investments, (4) selling certain assets or making other fundamental changes relating to mergers and consolidations, and (5) repurchasing shares of our common stock and paying dividends. Our Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest when due, among others. Upon an event of default under our Credit Agreement, the lenders may, among other things, accelerate the maturity of any amounts outstanding. The commitments of the lenders to make loans to us under the Credit Agreement are several and not joint. Accordingly, if any lender fails to make loans to us, our available liquidity could be reduced by an amount up to the aggregate amount of such lender’s commitments under the Credit Agreement. As of February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants as defined under the terms of the Credit Agreement. 62 Table of Contents The table below provides the formulas currently in effect for certain key financial covenants as defined under our Credit Agreement: Applicable Financial Covenant Minimum Interest Coverage Ratio Maximum Leverage Ratio Credit Agreement EBIT (1) ÷ Interest Expense (1) Minimum Required: 3.00 to 1.00 Total Current and Long Term Debt (2) ÷ EBITDA (1) + Pro Forma Effect of Transactions Maximum Allowed as of February 28, 2023: 4.00 to 1.00 (3) Key Definitions: EBIT: EBITDA: Pro Forma Effect of Transactions: Earnings + Interest Expense + Taxes + Non-Cash Charges (4) + Certain Allowed Addbacks (4) - Certain Non-Cash Income (4) EBIT + Depreciation and Amortization Expense For any acquisition, pre-acquisition EBITDA of the acquired business is included so that the EBITDA of the acquired business included in the computation equals its twelve month trailing total. In addition, the amount of certain pro forma run-rate cost savings for acquisitions or dispositions may be added to EBIT and EBITDA. (1) Computed using totals for the latest reported four consecutive fiscal quarters. (2) Computed using the ending debt balances plus outstanding letters of credit as of the latest reported fiscal quarter. In the event a qualified acquisition is consummated, the maximum leverage ratio is 4.25 to 1.00 for the first fiscal (3) quarter after the qualified acquisition and then steps down until the maximum leverage ratio is 3.75 to 1.00 at the end of the fifth fiscal quarter after the qualified acquisition is consummated. During fiscal 2023, we provided a qualified acquisition notice and as a result, the maximum allowed leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00 through February 28, 2023, 3.75 to 1.00 through May 31, 2023 and 3.50 to 1.00 thereafter. (4) As defined in the Credit Agreement. Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates The SEC defines critical accounting estimates as those made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on a company's financial condition or results of operations. We consider the following estimates to meet this definition and represent our more critical estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. Income Taxes We must make certain estimates and judgments in determining our provision for income tax expense. The provision for income tax expense is calculated on reported income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes, in the current period, the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Tax laws may require items to be included in the determination of taxable income at different times from when the items are reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, as well as from net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards, and are stated at enacted tax rates in effect for the year taxes are expected to be paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets represent tax benefits for tax deductions or credits available in future years and require certain estimates and assumptions to determine whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the benefit will not be realized. The recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits is determined by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, estimated future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. In projecting future taxable income, we begin with historical results and incorporate assumptions including future operating income, the reversal 63 Table of Contents of temporary differences and the implementation of feasible and prudent tax planning strategies. These assumptions require significant judgement and are consistent with the plans and estimates we are using to manage our underlying business. Should a change in facts or circumstances, such as changes in our business plans, economic conditions or future tax legislation, lead to a change in judgment about the ultimate recoverability of a deferred tax asset, we record or adjust the related valuation allowance in the period that the change in facts and circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or decrease in income tax expense. Additionally, if future taxable income varies from projected taxable income, we may be required to adjust our valuation allowance in future years. In addition, the calculation of our tax liabilities requires us to account for uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on the two-step process prescribed within GAAP. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authority based upon its technical merits assuming the tax authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. To be recognized in the financial statements, the tax position must meet this more-likely-than-not threshold. For positions meeting this recognition threshold, the second step requires us to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that has greater than a 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as this requires us to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, historical experience with similar tax matters, guidance from our tax advisors, and new audit activity. For tax positions that do not meet the threshold requirement, we record liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits as a tax expense or benefit in the period recognized or reversed and disclose as a separate liability in our financial statements, including related accrued interest and penalties. A change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision in the period in which the change occurs. Revenue Recognition We measure revenue as the amount of consideration for which we expect to be entitled, in exchange for transferring goods. We allow for sales returns for defects in material and workmanship for periods ranging from two to five years, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We recognize an accrual for sales returns to reduce sales to reflect our best estimate of future customer returns, determined principally based on historical experience and specific allowances for known pending returns. If the historical data we use to estimate sales returns does not approximate future returns, additional accruals may be required resulting in a reduction to net sales revenue. Certain customers may receive cash incentives such as customer discounts (including volume or trade discounts), advertising discounts and other customer-related programs, which are also accounted for as variable consideration. In some cases, we apply judgment, such as contractual rates and historical payment trends, when estimating variable consideration. Most of our variable consideration is classified as a reduction to net sales. In instances when we purchase a distinct good or service from our customer and fair value can be reasonably estimated, these amounts are expensed in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. Estimating variable consideration entails a significant amount of subjectivity and uncertainty. Valuation of Inventory We record inventory on our balance sheet at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. We write down a portion of our inventory to net realizable value based on the historical sales trends of products and estimates about future demand and market conditions, among other factors. We regularly review our inventory for slow-moving items and for items that we are unable to sell at prices above their original cost. When we identify such an item, we use net realizable value as the basis for recording such inventory and base our estimates on expected future selling prices less expected disposal costs. These estimates 64 Table of Contents entail a significant amount of inherent subjectivity and uncertainty. As a result, these estimates could vary significantly from the amounts that we may ultimately realize upon the sale of inventories if future economic conditions, product demand, product discontinuances, competitive conditions or other factors differ from our estimates and expectations. Additionally, changes in consumer demand, retailer inventory management strategies, transportation lead times, supplier capacity and raw material availability could make our inventory management and reserves more difficult to estimate. Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles and Related Impairment Testing A significant portion of our non-current assets consists of goodwill and intangible assets recorded as a result of past acquisitions. Accounting for business combinations requires the use of estimates and assumptions in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in order to properly allocate the purchase price. Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets received in the acquisition of a business. The estimates of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable using established valuation techniques that consider a number of factors, and when appropriate, valuations performed by independent third-party appraisers. We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We consider whether circumstances or conditions exist which suggest that the carrying value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. If such circumstances or conditions exist, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its fair market value. An impairment charge is recognized to the extent the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset recorded exceeds the reporting unit’s or asset's fair value. We perform our annual impairment testing for goodwill and indefinite-lived assets as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of our fiscal year. Our quantitative impairment test methodology primarily uses estimated future discounted cash flow models (“DCF Models”). The DCF Models use a number of assumptions including expected future cash flows from the assets, volatility, risk free rate, and the expected life of the assets, the determination of which require significant judgments from management. In determining the assumptions to be used, we consider the existing rates on Treasury Bills, yield spreads on assets with comparable expected lives, historical volatility of our common stock and that of comparable companies, and general economic and industry trends, among other considerations. When stock market or other conditions warrant, we expand our traditional impairment test methodology to give weight to other methods that provide additional observable market information in order to better reflect the current risk level being incorporated into market prices and in order to corroborate the fair values of each of our reporting units. Management will place increased reliance on these additional methods in conjunction with its DCF Models in the event that the total market capitalization of its stock drops below its consolidated stockholders’ equity balance for a sustained period. Considerable management judgment is necessary in reaching a conclusion regarding the reasonableness of fair value estimates, evaluating the most likely impact of a range of possible external conditions, considering the resulting operating changes and their impact on estimated future cash flows, determining the appropriate discount factors to use, and selecting and weighting appropriate comparable market level inputs. For both goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, the recoverability of these amounts is dependent upon achievement of our projections and the continued execution of key initiatives related to revenue growth and profitability. The rates used in our projections are management’s estimate of the most likely results over time, given a wide range of potential outcomes. The assumptions and estimates used in our impairment testing involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis 65 Table of Contents by our management. While we believe that the assumptions we use are reasonable at the time made, changes in business conditions or other unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that cause actual results to differ materially from projected results and this could potentially require future adjustments to our asset valuations. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We review intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets held and used if a triggering event occurs during the reporting period. If such circumstances or conditions exist, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each of the individual assets exceeds its fair market value. If our analysis indicates that an individual asset’s carrying value does exceed its fair market value, the next step is to record a loss equal to the excess of the individual asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We evaluate any long-lived assets held for sale quarterly to determine if fair value less cost to sell has changed during the reporting period. This analysis entails a significant amount of judgment and subjectivity. See Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information on our assets held for sale impairment analysis. Economic Useful Lives of Intangible Assets We amortize intangible assets, such as licenses, trademarks, customer lists and distribution rights over their economic useful lives, unless those assets' economic useful lives are indefinite. If an intangible asset’s economic useful life is deemed indefinite, that asset is not amortized. When we acquire an intangible asset, we consider factors such as the asset's history, our plans for that asset and the market for products associated with the asset. We consider these same factors when reviewing the economic useful lives of our previously acquired intangible assets as well. We review the economic useful lives of our intangible assets at least annually. The determination of the economic useful life of an intangible asset requires a significant amount of judgment and entails significant subjectivity and uncertainty. We complete our analysis of the remaining useful economic lives of our intangible assets during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or when a triggering event occurs. Share-Based Compensation We grant share-based compensation awards to non-employee directors and certain associates under our equity plans. We measure the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards, which include grants of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock awards (“PSAs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”), based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. These awards may be subject to attainment of certain service conditions, performance conditions and/or market conditions. We grant PSAs and PSUs to certain officers and associates, which cliff vest after P3Y and are contingent upon meeting one or more defined operational performance metrics over the three year performance period (“Performance Condition Awards”). The quantity of shares ultimately awarded can range from 0% to 200% of “Target”, as defined in the award agreement as 100%, based on the level of achievement against the defined operational performance metrics. We recognize compensation expense for Performance Condition Awards over the requisite service period to the extent performance conditions are considered probable. Estimating the number of shares of Performance Condition Awards that are probable of vesting requires judgment, including assumptions about future operating performance. While the assumptions used to estimate the probability of achievement against the defined operational performance metrics are management's best estimates, such estimates involve inherent uncertainties. The extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment to share-based compensation expense in the period estimates are revised. The critical accounting estimates described above supplement the description of our accounting policies disclosed in Note 1 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Note 1 describes several 66 Table of Contents other policies that are important to the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, but do not meet the SEC's definition of critical accounting estimates. New Accounting Guidance For information on recently adopted and issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Information Regarding Forward-Looking Statements Certain written and oral statements in this Annual Report may constitute “forward-looking statements” as defined under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This includes statements made in this Annual Report, in other filings with the SEC, in press releases, and in certain other oral and written presentations. Generally, the words “anticipates”, “believes”, “expects”, “plans”, “may”, “will”, “might”, “would”, “should”, “seeks”, “estimates”, “project”, “predict”, “potential”, “currently”, “continue”, “intends”, “outlook”, “forecasts”, “targets”, “could”, and other similar words identify forward-looking statements. All statements that address operating results, events or developments that may occur in the future, including statements related to sales, expenses, EPS results, and statements expressing general expectations about future operating results, are forward-looking statements and are based upon our current expectations and various assumptions. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our expectations and assumptions, but there can be no assurance that we will realize our expectations or that our assumptions will prove correct. Forward-looking statements are only as of the date they are made and are subject to risks that could cause them to differ materially from actual results. Accordingly, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We believe that these risks include but are not limited to the risks described in this Annual Report under Item 1A., “Risk Factors” and that are otherwise described from time to time in our SEC reports as filed. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk Changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates are our primary financial market risks. Foreign Currency Risk The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries and is also the reporting currency for the Company. By operating internationally, we are subject to foreign currency risk from transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar (“foreign currencies”). Such transactions include sales and operating expenses. As a result of such transactions, portions of our cash, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable are denominated in foreign currencies. Approximately 13%, 10%, and 12% of our net sales revenue was denominated in foreign currencies during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These sales were primarily denominated in Euros, British Pounds and Canadian Dollars. We make most of our inventory purchases from manufacturers in Asia and primarily use the U.S. Dollar for such purchases. In our consolidated statements of income, foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign taxes receivable, taxes payable, deferred tax assets, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized in their respective income tax lines, and all other foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in SG&A. We recorded in SG&A foreign currency exchange rate net losses of $1.7 million, $0.2 million and $0.6 million during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We identify foreign currency risk by regularly monitoring our foreign currency denominated transactions and balances. Where operating conditions permit, we reduce our foreign currency risk by purchasing most of our inventory with U.S. Dollars and by converting cash balances denominated in foreign currencies to U.S. Dollars. 67 Table of Contents We mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk by using a series of forward contracts and cross- currency debt swaps to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Our primary objective in holding derivatives is to reduce the volatility of net earnings, cash flows, and the net asset value associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our foreign currency risk management strategy includes both hedging instruments and derivatives that are not designated as hedging instruments, which have terms of generally 12 to 24 months. We do not enter into any derivatives or similar instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. We expect that as currency market conditions warrant, and our foreign currency denominated transaction exposure grows, we will continue to execute additional contracts in order to hedge against certain potential foreign currency exchange rate losses. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, a hypothetical adverse 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would reduce the carrying and fair values of our derivatives by $8.8 million and $10.3 million on a pre-tax basis, respectively. This calculation is for risk analysis purposes and does not purport to represent actual losses or gains in fair value that we could incur. It is important to note that the change in value represents the estimated change in fair value of the contracts. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these estimated results due to actual developments in the global financial markets. Because the contracts hedge an underlying exposure, we would expect a similar and opposite change in foreign currency exchange rate gains or losses over the same periods as the contracts. Refer to Note 16 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information regarding these instruments. A significant portion of the products we sell are purchased from third-party manufacturers in China, who source a significant portion of their labor and raw materials in Chinese Renminbi. The Chinese Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. Dollar in recent years and in fiscal 2023 the average exchange rate of the Chinese Renminbi weakened against the U.S. Dollar by approximately 6.0% compared to the average rate during fiscal 2022. If China’s currency continues to fluctuate against the U.S. Dollar in the short-to- intermediate term, we cannot accurately predict the impact of those fluctuations on our results of operations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that foreign exchange rates will be stable in the future or that fluctuations in Chinese foreign currency markets will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Interest Rate Risk Interest on our outstanding debt as of February 28, 2023 is based on variable floating interest rates. As such, we are exposed to changes in short-term market interest rates and these changes in rates will impact our net interest expense. As of February 28, 2023, certain borrowings under the Credit Agreement bore interest at an adjusted Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement). SOFR began in April 2018 and it therefore has a limited history. The future performance of SOFR cannot reliably be predicted based on hypothetical or limited historical performance data. Uncertainty as to SOFR or changes to SOFR may affect the interest rate of certain borrowings under the Credit Agreement. We hedge against interest rate volatility by using interest rate swaps to hedge a portion of our outstanding floating rate debt. Additionally, our cash and short-term investments generate interest income that will vary based on changes in short-term interest. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, a hypothetical adverse 10% change in interest rates would reduce the carrying and fair values of the interest rate swaps by $4.3 million and $0.4 million on a pre-tax basis, respectively. This calculation is for risk analysis purposes and does not purport to represent actual losses or gains in fair value that we could incur. It is important to note that the change in value represents the estimated change in the fair value of the swaps. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these estimated results due to actual developments in the global financial markets. Because the swaps hedge an underlying exposure, we would expect a similar and opposite change in floating interest rates over the same periods as the swaps. Refer to Notes 14 68 Table of Contents and 16 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would increase our annual interest expense, net of the effect of our interest rate swaps, by approximately $5.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively. This calculation is for risk analysis purposes and does not purport to represent actual increases or decreases in interest expense that we could incur. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these estimated results due to actual developments in the global financial markets. Refer to Item 1A., “Risk Factors” and Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Annual Report for further information regarding our interest rate risks. 69 Table of Contents Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID Number 248) Consolidated Financial Statements: Consolidated Balance Sheets as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2023 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2023 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Information Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements Note 3 - Leases Note 4 - Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale Note 5 - Property and Equipment Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Note 7 - Acquisitions Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangibles Note 9 - Share-Based Compensation Plans Note 10 - Defined Contribution Plans Note 11 - Repurchases of Common Stock Note 12 - Restructuring Plan Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies Note 14 - Long-Term Debt Note 15 - Fair Value Note 16 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management Note 17 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Note 18 - Segment and Geographic Information Note 19 - Income Taxes Note 20 - Earnings Per Share Financial Statement Schedule: Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts for each of the years in the three-year period ended February 28, 2023 PAGE 71 72 75 76 77 78 79 80 80 88 88 90 91 91 91 95 96 99 99 100 102 104 107 108 111 111 113 117 119 All other schedules are omitted as the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or is not applicable. 70 Table of Contents MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING Helen of Troy’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined by Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act. Our internal control system is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of assets; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and Board of Directors; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. There are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility that misstatements may not be prevented or detected. Furthermore, the effectiveness of internal controls may become inadequate because of future changes in conditions, or variations in the degree of compliance with our policies or procedures. Our management assesses the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control-Integrated Framework. On April 22, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd. (“Curlsmith”). In accordance with Securities Exchange Commission guidance permitting a company to exclude an acquired business from management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for the year in which the acquisition is completed, we have excluded Curlsmith from our assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023. The assets and net sales revenue of Curlsmith that were excluded from our assessment constituted approximately 0.5 percent of the Company's total consolidated assets (excluding goodwill and intangibles, which are included within the scope of the assessment) and 1.7 percent of total consolidated net sales revenue, as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023. The scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of February 28, 2023 includes all of our consolidated operations except for those disclosure controls and procedures of Curlsmith. See Note 7 for additional information regarding the Curlsmith acquisition. Based on our assessment, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of February 28, 2023. Our independent registered public accounting firm, Grant Thornton LLP, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Their report appears on the following page. 71 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders Helen of Troy Limited Opinion on internal control over financial reporting We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Helen of Troy Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 28, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023, and our report dated April 27, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. Basis for opinion The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (“Management’s Report”). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. Our audit of, and opinion on, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting does not include the internal control over financial reporting of Recipe Products Ltd. (“Curlsmith”), a wholly-owned subsidiary, whose financial statements reflect total assets (excluding goodwill and intangibles, which are included within the scope of the assessment) and net sales revenue constituting 0.5 and 1.7 percent, respectively, of the related consolidated financial statement amounts as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023. As indicated in Management’s Report, Curlsmith was acquired during the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. Management’s assertion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting excluded internal control over financial reporting of Curlsmith. Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Dallas, Texas April 27, 2023 72 Table of Contents REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM Board of Directors and Stockholders Helen of Troy Limited Opinion on the financial statements We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Helen of Troy Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of February 28, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of February 28, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended February 28, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of February 28, 2023, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated April 27, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion. Basis for opinion These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. Critical audit matter The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates. Estimation of Fair Value of Certain Acquired Assets in a Business Combination As described further in Note 7 to the financial statements, the Company completed its acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd. (“Curlsmith”) on April 22, 2022. The Company’s accounting for the acquisition required the estimation of the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which included a preliminary purchase price allocation of identifiable intangible assets of customer relationships and trade names. We identified the valuation of customer relationships and trade names to be a critical audit matter. The principal consideration for our determination that the valuation of customer relationships and trade names is a critical audit matter is that there was high estimation uncertainty due to significant judgments with respect to assumptions used to estimate the future revenues and cash flows, including revenue growth rates, gross profit margins, the discount rate and valuation methodologies applied by the third-party valuation specialist for the determination of fair value of the intangible assets. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and efforts in performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence related to management’s forecasted growth rates, gross profit margins and valuation methodologies applied by the third-party specialist. Our audit procedures related to the estimation of the fair value of the intangible assets acquired in the acquisition of Curlsmith included the following, among others. 73 Table of Contents • We tested the design and operating effectiveness of key controls relating to management’s development of the assumptions used to estimate the forecasted growth rates, gross profit margins, and future net cash flows and reconciliation of forecasted growth rates and gross profit margins prepared by management to the data used in the third-party valuation report. • We evaluated the qualifications of valuation specialists engaged by the Company to assist in developing the estimated fair value of acquired assets. • We tested the clerical accuracy of the fair value models utilized by the valuation specialists and by management in estimating the fair value of acquired assets. • We identified significant inputs and assumptions applied in the estimation of the fair value of acquired intangible assets assumed to determine whether the inputs and assumptions were relevant in the circumstances and applied appropriately in the development of the fair value estimates. • We evaluated the forecasted financial performance of the acquired businesses by comparing the projected amounts of revenue and cash flows to actual historical performance or relevant industry data and reconciling significant differences. • We utilized valuation specialists to evaluate the methodologies used, whether they were acceptable for the underlying fair value determinations and whether such methodologies had been applied correctly; the appropriateness of the discount rate used by developing an independent expectation for the acquisition; and to identify and test other significant inputs to the estimation of fair value of certain assets acquired. /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2007. Dallas, Texas April 27, 2023 74 Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands, except shares and par value) Assets Assets, current: Cash and cash equivalents Receivables - principally trade, less allowances of $1,678 and $843 Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Income taxes receivable Assets held for sale Total assets, current Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $178,961 and $161,006 Goodwill Other intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $168,574 and $150,309 Operating lease assets Deferred tax assets, net Other assets Total assets Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Liabilities, current: Accounts payable, principally trade Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Income taxes payable Long-term debt, current maturities Liabilities held for sale Total liabilities, current Long-term debt, excluding current maturities Lease liabilities, non-current Deferred tax liabilities, net Other liabilities, non-current Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: February 28, 2023 February 28, 2022 $ 29,073 $ 377,604 455,485 24,721 5,158 — 892,041 33,381 457,623 557,992 25,712 5,430 1,942 1,082,080 $ $ 351,793 1,066,479 553,883 38,751 2,781 7,987 205,378 948,873 537,846 37,759 3,628 7,887 2,913,715 $ 2,823,451 190,598 $ 200,718 14,778 6,064 — 412,158 308,178 271,675 20,718 1,884 235 602,690 928,348 42,672 28,048 13,678 1,424,904 811,332 43,745 21,582 16,763 1,496,112 Cumulative preferred stock, non-voting, $1.00 par. Authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued Common stock, $0.10 par. Authorized 50,000,000 shares; 23,994,405 and 23,800,305 shares issued and outstanding Additional paid in capital Accumulated other comprehensive income Retained earnings Total stockholders' equity Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ — — 2,380 2,399 303,740 317,277 202 4,947 1,021,017 1,164,188 1,488,811 1,327,339 2,913,715 $ 2,823,451 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 75 2023 Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 $ 2,072,667 $ 2,223,355 $ 2,098,799 1,171,497 927,302 1,270,168 953,187 1,173,316 899,351 2021 660,198 — 27,362 211,791 249 40,751 171,289 680,257 — 380 272,550 260 12,844 259,966 28,016 36,202 $ 143,273 $ 223,764 $ 637,012 8,452 350 281,488 559 12,617 269,430 15,484 253,946 $ 5.98 $ 5.95 9.27 $ 9.17 10.16 10.08 23,955 24,090 24,142 24,410 24,985 25,196 Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Income (in thousands, except per share data) Sales revenue, net Cost of goods sold Gross profit Selling, general and administrative expense (“SG&A”) Asset impairment charges Restructuring charges Operating income Non-operating income, net Interest expense Income before income tax Income tax expense Net income Earnings per share (“EPS”): Basic Diluted Weighted average shares used in computing EPS: Basic Diluted See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 76 Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 223,764 $ 2023 143,273 $ 2021 253,946 $ 6,520 (1,775) 4,745 148,018 $ 5,450 6,408 11,858 235,622 $ 623 (5,274) (4,651) 249,295 $ Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (in thousands) Net income Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: Cash flow hedge activity - interest rate swaps Cash flow hedge activity - foreign currency contracts Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax Comprehensive income See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 77 Issuance of common stock related to stock purchase plan Common stock repurchased and retired (1,030) (103) (16,245) — (186,946) (203,294) Issuance of common stock related to stock purchase plan Common stock repurchased and retired (855) (85) (20,206) — (167,913) (188,204) Common Stock Shares Par Value Additional Paid in Capital Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Total Stockholders' Equity 25,194 $ 2,519 $ 268,043 $ (7,005) $ 898,166 $ 1,161,723 — — 21 194 27 — — 2 20 3 — — 1,592 (20) 3,608 — 253,946 253,946 (4,651) — — — — — — — (4,651) 1,594 — 3,611 — — 26,418 — — 26,418 24,406 $ 2,441 $ 283,396 $ (11,656) $ 965,166 $ 1,239,347 — — 23 202 24 — — 2 20 2 — — 1,693 (20) 4,259 — 223,764 223,764 11,858 — — — — — — — 11,858 1,695 — 4,261 — — 34,618 — — 34,618 23,800 $ 2,380 $ 303,740 $ 202 $ 1,021,017 $ 1,327,339 — — 9 242 33 (90) — — — 1 24 3 (9) — — — 724 (24) 4,338 (18,254) 26,753 — 143,273 143,273 4,745 — — — — — — — — — (102) — 4,745 725 — 4,341 (18,365) 26,753 23,994 $ 2,399 $ 317,277 $ 4,947 $ 1,164,188 $ 1,488,811 Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (in thousands, including shares) Balances at February 29, 2020 Net income Other comprehensive loss, net of tax Exercise of stock options Issuance and settlement of restricted stock Share-based compensation Balances at February 28, 2021 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Exercise of stock options Issuance and settlement of restricted stock Share-based compensation Balances at February 28, 2022 Net income Other comprehensive income, net of tax Exercise of stock options Issuance and settlement of restricted stock Common stock repurchased and retired Share-based compensation Balances at February 28, 2023 Issuance of common stock related to stock purchase plan See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 78 Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands) Cash provided by operating activities: Net income Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization Amortization of financing costs Non-cash operating lease expense Provision for credit losses Non-cash share-based compensation Asset impairment charges Gain on sale of Personal Care business Loss (gain) on the sale or disposal of property and equipment Deferred income taxes and tax credits Changes in operating capital, net of effects of acquisition of businesses: Receivables Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Other assets and liabilities, net Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Accrued income taxes Net cash provided by operating activities Cash used by investing activities: Capital and intangible asset expenditures Net payments to acquire businesses, net of cash acquired Proceeds from sale of Personal Care business Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment Net cash used by investing activities Cash provided (used) by financing activities: Proceeds from revolving loans Repayment of revolving loans Proceeds from term loans Repayment of long-term debt Payment of financing costs Proceeds from share issuances under share-based compensation plans Payments for repurchases of common stock Net cash provided (used) by financing activities Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents, beginning balance Cash and cash equivalents, ending balance Supplemental cash flow information: Interest paid Income taxes paid, net of refunds Supplemental non-cash investing activity: Capital expenditures included in accounts payable See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 79 Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2023 2021 $ 143,273 $ 223,764 $ 253,946 44,683 1,114 9,702 1,798 26,753 — (1,336) 63 (2,242) 83,624 110,304 2,778 (355) (115,931) (88,040) (7,946) 208,242 35,829 986 9,580 312 34,618 — (513) (2,243) (8,871) 37,718 1,021 6,895 2,093 26,418 8,452 — 193 (4,400) (66,834) (45,913) (5,589) (6,595) (43,745) (3,593) 19,630 140,823 (38,149) (220,817) (2,033) (6,613) 175,784 73,010 588 314,106 (174,864) (146,342) 1,804 69 (319,333) (78,039) (410,880) 44,700 5,305 (438,914) (98,668) — — — (98,668) 685,800 (795,300) 250,000 (19,832) (586) 5,066 (18,365) 106,783 998,200 (527,700) — (1,900) — 5,956 (188,204) 286,352 937,400 (928,400) — (1,900) (3,796) 5,205 (203,294) (194,785) (4,308) 33,381 29,073 $ (11,739) 45,120 33,381 $ 20,653 24,467 45,120 43,687 $ 37,082 11,694 $ 22,831 11,640 19,692 5,847 6,858 — $ $ Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (in thousands of U.S. Dollars, except share and per share data, unless indicated otherwise) Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Related Information Corporate Overview When used in these notes within this Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”), unless otherwise indicated or the context suggests otherwise, references to “the Company”, “our Company”, “Helen of Troy”, “we”, “us”, or “our” refer to Helen of Troy Limited and its subsidiaries, which are all wholly- owned. We refer to our common shares, par value $0.10 per share, as “common stock.” References to “the FASB” refer to the Financial Accounting Standards Board. References to “GAAP” refer to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (the “U.S.”). References to “ASU” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Updates issued by the FASB. References to “ASC” refer to the codification of GAAP in the Accounting Standards Codification issued by the FASB. We incorporated as Helen of Troy Corporation in Texas in 1968 and were reorganized as Helen of Troy Limited in Bermuda in 1994. We are a leading consumer products company offering creative products and solutions for our customers through a diversified portfolio of brands. As of February 28, 2023, we operated two reportable segments: Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization in connection with our global restructuring plan (as further described below and in Note 12) that resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment, which is referred to herein as “Beauty & Wellness.” In connection with these organizational structure changes, corresponding changes were made to how our business is managed, how results are reported internally and how our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), our chief operating decision maker, assesses performance and allocates resources. We believe that these changes better align internal resources and external go to market activities in order to create a more efficient and effective organizational structure. There were no changes to the products or brands included within our Home & Outdoor reportable segment as part of these organizational changes nor to the way in which our CEO assesses performance and allocates resources for the Home & Outdoor segment. As a result of these changes, our disclosures reflect two reportable segments, Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. Comparative prior period segment information in this Annual Report has been recast to conform to this change in our reportable segments. Our external reportable segments will continue to align with our internal reporting to enable users of the financial statements to better understand our performance, better assess our future net cash flows, and make more informed judgements about the Company as a whole. Our Home & Outdoor segment provides a broad range of innovative consumer products for home activities such as food preparation, cooking, cleaning, and organization; as well as products for outdoor and on the go activities such as hydration, food storage, backpacks, and travel gear. The Beauty & Wellness segment provides beauty and wellness products including mass and prestige market beauty appliances, prestige market liquid-based hair and personal care products, and wellness devices including thermometers, water and air filtration systems, humidifiers, and fans. Our business is seasonal due to different calendar events, holidays and seasonal weather patterns. Our fiscal reporting period ends on the last day in February. Historically, our highest sales volume and operating income occur in our third fiscal quarter ending November 30th. We purchase our products from unaffiliated manufacturers, most of which are located in China, Mexico, Vietnam and the U.S. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we focused on developing a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs (referred to as “Project Pegasus”). See Note 12 for additional information. 80 Table of Contents On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd., a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair under the Curlsmith brand (“Curlsmith”). The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. See Note 7 for additional information. On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey Packs, Inc. (“Osprey”), a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs, for $409.3 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment and cash acquired. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. See Note 7 for additional information. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Beauty & Wellness segment's mass channel personal care business, which included liquid, powder and aerosol products under brands such as Pert, Brut, Sure and Infusium (“Personal Care”). On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $44.7 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $0.5 million. On March 25, 2022, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $1.8 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $1.3 million. As a result of these dispositions, we no longer have any assets or liabilities classified as held for sale. See Note 4 for additional information. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) to be a pandemic. During fiscal 2021, the COVID-19 related impact on our business included the effect of temporary closures of certain customer stores or limited hours of operation and materially lower store traffic which shifted consumer shopping preferences from brick and mortar to more online purchases. In addition, we saw high demand for healthcare products as well as cooking, storage and related product lines as consumers spent more time at home. We also experienced disruptions to our supply chain due to shifting consumer purchasing patterns, limited capacity of shipping containers, and COVID-19 related work stoppages in the global supply chain. During fiscal 2022, we were adversely impacted by COVID-19 primarily related to global supply chain disruptions and related product and freight cost increases. We also saw recovery of certain product lines and brands that were unfavorably impacted in fiscal 2021 as a result of the pandemic. Additionally, as customers have been able to return to more brick and mortar shopping, our mix of online sales has been negatively impacted compared to fiscal 2021. During fiscal 2023, we continued to be adversely impacted by COVID-19 primarily related to global supply chain disruptions and related product and freight cost increases as well as recent macroeconomic trends. In response to rising inflation, since March 2022, the Federal Open Market Committee has been raising interest rates, and has stated it may continue to raise interest rates during 2023. As a result, during fiscal 2023, we incurred higher average interest rates compared to fiscal 2022, and we expect to incur higher average interest rates in fiscal 2024 compared to fiscal 2023. While the actual timing and extent of future changes in interest rates remains unknown, higher average interest rates are expected to significantly increase interest expense on our outstanding debt. High inflation and interest rates have also negatively impacted consumer disposable income, credit availability and spending, among others things, which have adversely impacted our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations during fiscal 2023 and may continue to have an adverse impact. The extent of COVID-19’s impact on the demand for certain of our product lines in the future will depend on continuing future developments, including, among others, any new variants and surges in the spread of COVID-19 and our continued ability to source and distribute our products, all of which are uncertain and difficult to predict considering the continuously evolving landscape. Accordingly, our liquidity and financial results could be impacted in ways that we are not able to predict today. 81 Table of Contents Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include all of our subsidiaries. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in U.S. Dollars. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ materially from those estimates. Reclassifications We have reclassified or combined certain amounts in the prior years’ accompanying footnotes to conform with the current year’s presentation. Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents include all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less. We maintain cash and cash equivalents at several financial institutions, which at times may not be federally insured or may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts and believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risks on such accounts. We consider money market accounts to be cash equivalents. Receivables Our receivables are principally comprised of trade receivables from customers, primarily in the retail industry, offset by an allowance for credit losses. Our allowance for credit losses reflects our best estimate of expected credit losses over the receivables' term, determined principally based on historical experience, specific allowances for known at-risk accounts, and consideration of current economic conditions and management’s expectations of future economic conditions. Our policy is to write off receivables when we have determined they will no longer be collectible. Write-offs are applied as a reduction to the allowance for credit losses and any recoveries of previous write-offs are netted against bad debt expense in the period recovered. We have a significant concentration of credit risk with three major customers at February 28, 2023 representing approximately 18%, 15%, and 13% of our gross trade receivables, respectively. As of February 28, 2022, our significant concentration of credit risk with three major customers represented approximately 23%, 17%, and 9% of our gross trade receivables, respectively. In addition, as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, approximately 52% and 55%, respectively, of our gross trade receivables were due from our five top customers. Foreign Currency Transactions and Related Derivative Financial Instruments The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries and is also the reporting currency for the Company; therefore, we do not have a translation adjustment recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income. All our non-U.S. subsidiaries' transactions denominated in other currencies have been remeasured into U.S. Dollars using exchange rates in effect on the date each transaction occurred. In our consolidated statements of income, foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of foreign taxes receivable, taxes payable, deferred tax assets, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized in their respective income tax lines, and all other foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses are recognized in SG&A. 82 Table of Contents We mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk by using forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. Derivatives for which we have elected and qualify for hedge accounting include certain of our forward contracts (“foreign currency contracts”). Our foreign currency contracts are designated as cash flow hedges and are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“OCI”) until the hedge transaction is settled, at which point amounts are reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income (“AOCI”) to our consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency derivatives for which we have not elected hedge accounting include our forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps, and any changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in our consolidated statements of income. These undesignated derivatives are used to hedge monetary net asset and liability positions. Cash flows from our foreign currency derivatives are classified as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows, which is consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged item. We evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. We do not enter into any derivatives or similar instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Inventory and Cost of Goods Sold Our inventory consists almost entirely of finished goods. Inventories are stated at the lower of average cost or net realizable value. We write down a portion of our inventory to net realizable value based on the historical sales trends of products and estimates about future demand and market conditions, among other factors. Our average costs include the amounts we pay manufacturers for product, tariffs and duties associated with transporting product across national borders, freight costs associated with transporting the product from our manufacturers to our distribution facilities, and general and administrative expenses directly attributable to acquiring inventory, as applicable. General and administrative expenses directly attributable to acquiring inventory include all the expenses of operating our sourcing activities and expenses incurred for packaging. We capitalized $22.9 million, $26.0 million, and $33.9 million of such general and administrative expenses into inventory during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We estimate that $11.7 million and $17.6 million of general and administrative expenses directly attributable to the procurement of inventory were included in our inventory balances on hand at February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, respectively. The “Cost of goods sold” line item in the consolidated statements of income is comprised of the book value of inventory sold to customers during the reporting period. When circumstances dictate that we use net realizable value as the basis for recording inventory, we base our estimates on expected future selling prices less expected disposal costs. For fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, finished goods purchased from vendors in Asia comprised approximately 87%, 88%, and 80%, respectively, of total finished goods purchased. During fiscal 2023, we had two vendors (located in China) who each fulfilled approximately 6% of our product requirements compared to one vendor who fulfilled approximately 9% and 11% for fiscal 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, for both fiscal 2023 and 2022, we had one vendor (located in Mexico) who fulfilled approximately 7% of our product requirements compared to 9% for fiscal 2021. For fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, our top two vendors combined fulfilled approximately 13%, 16%, and 20% of our product requirements, respectively. For fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, our top five vendors fulfilled approximately 29%, 36%, and 38% of our product requirements, respectively. Property and Equipment These assets are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets. Expenditures for repair and maintenance of property and equipment are 83 Table of Contents expensed as incurred. For tax purposes, accelerated depreciation methods are used where allowed by tax laws. License Agreements, Trademarks, Patents, and Other Intangible Assets A significant portion of our sales are made subject to trademark license agreements with various licensors. Our license agreements are reported on our consolidated balance sheets at cost, less accumulated amortization. The cost of our license agreements represent amounts paid to licensors to acquire the license or to alter the terms of the license in a manner that we believe to be in our best interest. Certain licenses have extension terms that may require additional payments to the licensor as part of the terms of renewal. We capitalize costs incurred to renew or extend the term of a license agreement and amortize such costs on a straight-line basis over the remaining term or economic life of the agreement, whichever is shorter. Royalty payments are not included in the cost of license agreements. Royalty expense under our license agreements is recognized as incurred and is included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. Net sales revenue subject to trademark license agreements, most of which require royalty payments, comprised approximately 40%, 46%, and 49% of consolidated net sales revenue for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During fiscal 2023, two license agreements accounted for net sales revenue of approximately 12% and 10% of consolidated net sales revenue. No other license agreements had associated net sales revenue that accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales revenue. We also sell products under trademarks and brand assets that we own. Trademarks and brand assets that we acquire through acquisition from other entities are generally recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the appraised fair value of the acquired asset, net of any accumulated amortization and impairment charges. Costs associated with developing trademarks internally are recorded as expenses in the period incurred. In certain instances where trademarks or brand assets have readily determinable useful lives, we amortize their costs on a straight-line basis over such lives. In some instances, we have determined that such acquired assets have an indefinite useful life. In these cases, no amortization is recorded. Patents acquired through acquisition, if material, are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the appraised value of the acquired patents and amortized over the remaining life of the patent. Additionally, we incur certain costs in connection with the design and development of products to be covered by patents, which are capitalized as incurred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the life of the patent in the jurisdiction filed, typically 12 to 14 years. Other intangible assets include customer lists, distribution rights, patent rights, and non-compete agreements that we acquired. These are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets based upon the fair value of the acquired asset and amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining life of the asset as determined either by a third-party appraisal or the term of any controlling agreements. Goodwill, Intangible and Other Long-Lived Assets and Related Impairment Testing Goodwill is recorded as the difference, if any, between the aggregate consideration paid and the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets received in the acquisition of a business. The estimates of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable using established valuation techniques that consider a number of factors, and when appropriate, valuations performed by independent third-party appraisers. We review goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment on an annual basis or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable. We consider whether circumstances or conditions exist which suggest that the carrying value of our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets might be impaired. If such circumstances or conditions exist, we perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level 84 Table of Contents below an operating segment). If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the assets are impaired, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeds its fair market value. An impairment charge is recognized to the extent the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset recorded exceeds the reporting unit’s or asset's fair value. We perform our annual impairment testing for goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of the beginning of the fourth quarter of our fiscal year (see Note 8). We review intangible assets with definite lives and long-lived assets held and used if a triggering event occurs during the reporting period. If such circumstances or conditions exist, further steps are required in order to determine whether the carrying value of each of the individual assets exceeds its fair market value. If our analysis indicates that an individual asset’s carrying value does exceed its fair market value, the next step is to record a loss equal to the excess of the individual asset’s carrying value over its fair value. We evaluate any long-lived assets held for sale quarterly to determine if estimated fair value less cost to sell has changed during the reporting period. See Note 4 for additional information on our assets held for sale impairment analysis. The assumptions and estimates used in our impairment testing involve significant elements of subjective judgment and analysis. While we believe that the assumptions we use are reasonable at the time made, changes in business conditions or other unanticipated events and circumstances may occur that cause actual results to differ materially from projected results and this could potentially require future adjustments to our asset valuations. Economic Useful Lives and Amortization of Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist primarily of license agreements, trademarks, brand assets, customer lists, distribution rights, patents, patent rights, and non-compete agreements. We amortize intangible assets over their economic useful lives, unless those assets' economic useful lives are indefinite. If an intangible asset’s economic useful life is deemed indefinite, that asset is not amortized. When we acquire an intangible asset, we consider factors such as the asset's history, our plans for that asset and the market for products associated with the asset. We consider these same factors when reviewing the economic useful lives of our previously acquired intangible assets as well. We review the economic useful lives of our intangible assets at least annually. The determination of the economic useful life of an intangible asset requires a significant amount of judgment and entails significant subjectivity and uncertainty. We complete our analysis of the remaining useful economic lives of our intangible assets during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year or when a triggering event occurs. For certain intangible assets subject to amortization, we use the straight-line method over appropriate periods ranging from 5 to 40 years for licenses, 15 to 30 years for trademarks and 4.5 to 24 years for other definite-lived intangible assets (see Note 8). Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and income taxes payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The carrying amounts of receivables approximate fair value due to the effect of the related allowance for credit losses. The carrying amount of our floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which include foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps. In addition, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. All of our derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. See Notes 15, 16 and 17 for more information on our fair value measurements and derivatives. 85 Table of Contents Income Taxes and Uncertain Tax Positions The provision for income tax expense is calculated on reported income before income taxes based on current tax law and includes, in the current period, the cumulative effect of any changes in tax rates from those used previously in determining deferred tax assets and liabilities. Tax laws may require items to be included in the determination of taxable income at different times from when the items are reflected in the financial statements. Deferred tax balances reflect the effects of temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases, as well as from net operating losses and tax credit carryforwards, and are stated at enacted tax rates in effect for the year taxes are expected to be paid or recovered. Deferred tax assets represent tax benefits for tax deductions or credits available in future years and require certain estimates and assumptions to determine whether it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the benefit will not be realized. The recoverability of these future tax deductions and credits is determined by assessing the adequacy of future expected taxable income from all sources, including the future reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, taxable income in carryback years, estimated future taxable income and available tax planning strategies. Should a change in facts or circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ultimate recoverability of a deferred tax asset, we record or adjust the related valuation allowance in the period that the change in facts and circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or decrease in income tax expense. We record tax benefits for uncertain tax positions based upon management’s evaluation of the information available at the reporting date. To be recognized in the financial statements, the tax position must meet the more-likely-than-not threshold that the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authority based on its technical merits assuming the tax authority has full knowledge of all relevant information. For positions meeting this recognition threshold, the benefit is measured as the largest amount that has greater than a 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We reevaluate these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, historical experience with similar tax matters, guidance from our tax advisors, and new audit activity. For tax positions that do not meet the threshold requirement, we record liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits as a tax expense or benefit in the period recognized or reversed in our consolidated financial statements, including related accrued interest and penalties. Revenue Recognition Our revenue is primarily generated from the sale of non-customized consumer products to customers. These products are promised goods that are distinct performance obligations. Revenue is recognized when control of, and title to, the product sold transfers to the customer in accordance with applicable shipping terms, which can occur on the date of shipment or the date of receipt by the customer, depending on the customer and the agreed upon shipping terms. Payment terms from the sale of our products are typically due to us in thirty to ninety days after the date of sale. We measure revenue as the amount of consideration for which we expect to be entitled, in exchange for transferring goods. We allow for sales returns for defects in material and workmanship for periods ranging from two to five years, which are accounted for as variable consideration. We recognize an accrual for sales returns to reduce sales to reflect our best estimate of future customer returns, determined principally based on historical experience and specific allowances for known pending returns. Certain customers may receive cash incentives such as customer discounts (including volume or trade discounts), advertising discounts and other customer-related programs, which are also accounted for as variable consideration. In some cases, we apply judgment, such as contractual rates and historical payment trends, when estimating variable consideration. Most of our variable consideration is classified as a reduction to net sales. In instances when we purchase a distinct good or service from our customer 86 Table of Contents and fair value can be reasonably estimated, these amounts are expensed in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. The amount of consideration granted to customers recorded in SG&A was $40.2 million, $39.0 million, and $27.1 million for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales taxes and other similar taxes are excluded from revenue. We have elected to account for shipping and handling activities as a fulfillment cost as permitted by the guidance. We do not have unsatisfied performance obligations since our performance obligations are satisfied at a single point in time. Advertising Advertising costs include cooperative retail advertising with our customers, traditional and digital media advertising and production expenses, and expenses associated with other promotional product messaging and consumer awareness programs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred and included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. We incurred total advertising costs of $98.5 million, $96.4 million, and $110.7 million during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Research and Development Expense Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and employee benefit expenses and contracted development efforts and expenses associated with development of products. Expenditures for research activities relating to product design, engineering, development and improvement are generally charged to expense as incurred and are included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. We incurred total research and development expenses of $47.8 million, $54.0 million, and $53.4 million during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Shipping and Handling Revenue and Expense Shipping and handling revenue and expense are included in our consolidated statements of income in SG&A. This includes distribution facility costs, third-party logistics costs and outbound transportation costs we incur. Our net expense for shipping and handling was $162.0 million, $173.4 million, and $140.1 million during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Share-Based Compensation Plans We grant share-based compensation awards to non-employee directors and certain associates under our equity plans. We measure the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards, which include grants of restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance stock awards (“PSAs”), and performance stock units (“PSUs”), based on the fair value of the awards on the grant date. These awards may be subject to attainment of certain service conditions, performance conditions and/or market conditions. Share-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award, unless the awards are subject to performance conditions (“Performance Condition Awards”), in which case we recognize compensation expense over the requisite service period to the extent performance conditions are considered probable. Estimating the number of shares of Performance Condition Awards that are probable of vesting requires judgment, and to the extent actual results or updated estimates differ from our current estimates, such amounts will be recorded as a cumulative adjustment to share-based compensation expense in the period estimates are revised. Share-based compensation expense is recorded ratably for PSAs and PSUs subject to attainment of market conditions (“Market Condition Awards”) during the requisite service period and is not reversed, except for forfeitures, at the vesting date regardless of whether the market condition is met. All share-based compensation expense is recorded net of forfeitures in our consolidated statements of income. 87 Table of Contents The grant date fair value of RSAs, RSUs, PSAs, and PSUs is determined using the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant, except for Market Condition Awards, in which case we use a Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved and is applied to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. See Note 9 for further information on our share-based compensation plans. Note 2 - New Accounting Pronouncements Adopted In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance, which requires business entities to disclose information about transactions with a government that are accounted for by applying a grant or contribution model by analogy to other accounting guidance due to the lack of specific authoritative guidance in GAAP (for example, a grant model within International Accounting Standard 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance, or Subtopic 958-605, Not-For-Profit Entities - Revenue Recognition). This guidance excludes transactions in the scope of specific GAAP, such as tax incentives accounted for under ASC 740, Income Taxes. This new ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption and retrospective or prospective application permitted. We adopted this ASU during fiscal 2023 and the adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statement disclosures. Not Yet Adopted In September 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-04, Liabilities—Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations, which requires a buyer in a supplier finance program to disclose qualitative and quantitative information about its program to allow a user of the financial statements to understand the program’s nature, activity during the period, changes from period to period, and potential magnitude. The amendments in ASU 2022-04 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with the exception for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023. Early adoption is permitted, and the guidance should be applied retrospectively, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which should be applied prospectively. This ASU will be effective for us in our Form 10-Q for the first quarter of fiscal 2024, with the exception of the amendment on rollforward information, which will be effective for us in our Form 10-K for fiscal 2025. We are currently evaluating the impact this guidance may have on our consolidated financial statement disclosures. In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination to be recognized and measured by the acquirer on the acquisition date in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Prior to the issuance of this guidance, contract assets and contract liabilities were recognized by the acquirer at fair value on the acquisition date. The amendments in ASU 2021-08 are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted and should be applied prospectively to acquisitions occurring on or after the effective date. This ASU will be effective for us in the first quarter of fiscal 2024. We believe that the adoption of this ASU will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. Note 3 - Leases We determine if an arrangement is or contains a lease at contract inception and determine its classification as an operating or finance lease at lease commencement. We primarily have leases for 88 Table of Contents office space, which are classified as operating leases. Operating leases are included in operating lease assets, accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and lease liabilities, non-current in our consolidated balance sheets. Operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of our lease contracts do not provide an explicit interest rate, we use an estimated secured incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. We include options to extend or terminate the lease in the lease term for accounting considerations, when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 10 years. Operating lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We do not recognize leases with an initial term of twelve months or less on the balance sheet and instead recognize the related lease payments as expense in the consolidated statements of income on a straight-line basis over the lease term. We account for lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all asset classes. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Operating lease expense recognized within SG&A in the consolidated statements of income was $16.3 million, $13.3 million, and $9.5 million for fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively and includes short- term lease expense of $6.4 million, $3.7 million, and $2.5 million for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The non-cash component of lease expense is included as an adjustment to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows. A summary of supplemental lease information was as follows: Weighted average remaining lease term (years) Weighted average discount rate Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities Operating lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities February 28, 2023 8.2 5.62 % 10,393 $ 7,749 $ February 28, 2022 9.5 5.52 % 9,715 12,213 $ $ A summary of our estimated lease payments, imputed interest and liabilities was as follows: (in thousands) Fiscal 2024 Fiscal 2025 Fiscal 2026 Fiscal 2027 Fiscal 2028 Thereafter Total future lease payments Less: imputed interest Present value of lease liability (in thousands) Lease liabilities, current (1) Lease liabilities, non-current Total lease liability February 28, 2023 $ $ 9,428 9,450 5,884 6,081 5,492 26,799 63,134 (13,342) 49,792 February 28, 2023 February 28, 2022 $ $ 7,120 $ 42,672 49,792 $ 5,755 43,745 49,500 (1) Included as part of “Accrued expenses and other current liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheet. 89 Table of Contents Note 4 - Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale We record assets held for sale in accordance with ASC 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” and present them as single asset amounts in our consolidated financial statements. Assets held for sale consist of assets that we expect to sell within the next year. The assets are reported at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. We cease recording depreciation on assets that are classified as held for sale. If the determination is made that we no longer expect to sell an asset within the next year, the asset is reclassified out of held for sale. We review assets held for sale each reporting period to determine whether the existing carrying amounts are fully recoverable in comparison to estimated fair values less costs to sell. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we committed to a plan to divest certain assets within our Personal Care business and accordingly, we classified the identified net assets of the disposal group as held for sale. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, our quarterly impairment evaluation of long-lived assets held for sale resulted in an asset impairment charge of $8.5 million ($7.4 million after tax) to reduce the goodwill of our Personal Care business to reflect the disposal group at fair value less cost to sell. On June 7, 2021, we completed the sale of our North America Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $44.7 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $0.5 million. On March 25, 2022, we completed the sale of the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Care business to HRB Brands LLC, for $1.8 million in cash and recognized a gain on the sale in SG&A totaling $1.3 million. The net assets sold included intangible assets, inventory, certain net trade receivables, fixed assets and certain accrued sales discounts and allowances relating to our Personal Care business. As a result of these dispositions, we no longer have any assets or liabilities classified as held for sale. The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities for our Personal Care business that were classified as held for sale were as follows: (in thousands) Receivables, net of allowance of $23 Inventory Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $152 Assets held for sale Accrued sales discounts and allowances Liabilities held for sale February 28, 2022 $ $ $ $ 1,265 611 66 1,942 235 235 The following table summarizes income before income tax for our Personal Care business: (in thousands) Income before income tax Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 $ — $ 5,546 $ 8,705 Income before income taxes includes asset impairment charges of $8.5 million for fiscal 2021. No impairment charges were recorded in fiscal 2023 or 2022. No amortization of intangible assets was recorded in fiscal 2023, 2022 or 2021 for our Personal Care business. Income before income taxes also includes corporate overhead expenses that are allocable to the business. 90 Table of Contents Note 5 - Property and Equipment A summary of property and equipment was as follows: (in thousands) Land Building and improvements Computer, furniture and other equipment Tools, molds and other production equipment Construction in progress Property and equipment, gross Less: accumulated depreciation Property and equipment, net Estimated Useful Lives (Years) Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 3 3 3 — — — — — 40 15 7 $ $ 20,632 $ 132,303 101,567 67,184 209,068 530,754 (178,961) 351,793 $ 20,632 126,093 102,566 55,925 61,168 366,384 (161,006) 205,378 We recorded $26.4 million, $23.1 million and $20.1 million of depreciation expense including $13.0 million, $10.0 million and $6.8 million in cost of goods sold and $13.4 million, $13.1 million and $13.3 million in SG&A in the consolidated statements of income for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. In March 2023, we completed the construction of an additional distribution facility in Gallaway, Tennessee that became operational during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 and currently services our Home & Outdoor segment. Note 6 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities A summary of accrued expenses and other current liabilities was as follows: (in thousands) Accrued compensation, benefits and payroll taxes Accrued sales discounts and allowances Accrued sales returns Accrued advertising Other Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities Note 7 - Acquisitions Curlsmith Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 $ $ 17,380 $ 63,881 28,498 36,931 54,028 200,718 $ 55,405 69,120 33,384 55,775 57,991 271,675 On April 22, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Recipe Products Ltd., a producer of innovative prestige hair care products for all types of curly and wavy hair under the Curlsmith brand. Curlsmith's products are a category leader in the market for prestige haircare products for curly hair and include conditioners, shampoos and co-washes purposefully designed for the unique joys and challenges of all types of curls and textured hair. The Curlsmith brand and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness segment. The total purchase consideration was $147.9 million in cash, net of a final net working capital adjustment of $2.1 million and cash acquired. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility. We incurred pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $2.7 million during fiscal 2023, which were recognized in SG&A within our consolidated statement of income. We accounted for the acquisition as a purchase of a business and recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies including leveraging our Beauty & 91 Table of Contents Wellness segment's existing marketing and sales structure, as well as our global sourcing, distribution, shared service, and international go-to-market capabilities. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We have provisionally determined the appropriate fair values of the acquired intangible assets and completed our analysis of the economic lives of the assets acquired. We assigned $21.0 million to trade names and are amortizing over a 20 year expected life. We assigned $12.0 million to customer relationships and are amortizing over a 19.5 year expected life, based on historical attrition rates. During fiscal 2023, we made adjustments to provisional asset and liability balances, which resulted in a corresponding net increase to goodwill of $0.1 million. We also finalized the net working capital adjustment, which resulted in a $1.8 million reduction to the total purchase consideration and goodwill. The following table presents the preliminary estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date: (in thousands) Assets: Receivables Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Property and equipment Goodwill Trade names - definite Customer relationships - definite Deferred tax assets, net Total assets Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Income taxes payable Deferred tax liabilities, net Total liabilities Net assets recorded $ $ 4,211 7,890 119 212 116,857 21,000 12,000 360 162,649 1,401 2,624 2,510 8,187 14,722 147,927 Both the fair value and gross contractual amount of receivables acquired was $4.2 million, as an immaterial amount was expected to be uncollectible. The impact of the acquisition of Curlsmith on our consolidated statement of income for fiscal 2023 is as follows: April 22, 2022 (acquisition date) through February 28, 2023 (in thousands, except earnings per share data) Sales revenue, net Net income EPS: Basic Diluted Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023 (1) 35,530 $ 2,906 $ $ 0.12 0.12 (1) Represents approximately forty-five weeks of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired April 22, 2022. Net income and EPS amounts include allocations for corporate expenses, interest expense and income tax expense. 92 Table of Contents The following supplemental unaudited pro forma information presents our financial results as if the acquisition of Curlsmith had occurred on March 1, 2021. This supplemental pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes and would not necessarily indicate what may have occurred as if the acquisition had been completed on March 1, 2021, and this information is not intended to be indicative of future results: (in thousands, except earnings per share data) Sales revenue, net Net income EPS: Basic Diluted Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 2,079,759 $ 145,186 2,259,463 224,828 6.06 $ 6.03 $ 9.31 9.21 $ $ $ These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results of Curlsmith to reflect the effect of definite-lived intangible assets recognized as part of the business combination on amortization expense as if the acquisition had occurred on March 1, 2021. Osprey On December 29, 2021, we completed the acquisition of Osprey, a longtime U.S. leader in technical and everyday packs. Osprey is highly respected in the outdoor industry with a product lineup that includes a wide range of backpacks and daypacks for hiking, mountaineering, skiing, climbing, mountain biking, trail running, commuting, and school, as well as rugged adventure travel packs, wheeled luggage, and travel accessories. The Osprey brand and products were added to the Home & Outdoor segment. The total purchase consideration, net of cash acquired, was $409.3 million in cash, including the impact of a final $10.7 million favorable net working capital adjustment. The acquisition was funded with cash on hand and borrowings under our existing revolving credit facility. We incurred pre-tax acquisition-related expenses of $0.1 million and $2.4 million during fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively, which were recognized in SG&A within our consolidated statements of income. We accounted for the acquisition as a purchase of a business and recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as goodwill. The goodwill recognized is attributable primarily to expected synergies including leveraging our information systems, shared service capabilities and international footprint. The goodwill is not expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. We have determined the appropriate fair values of the acquired intangible assets and completed our analysis of the economic lives of the assets acquired. We assigned $170.0 million to trade names which were determined to have an indefinite life. We assigned $22.0 million to customer relationships and are amortizing over a 4.5 year expected life, based on historical attrition rates. During fiscal 2023, we made final adjustments to provisional asset and liability balances, which resulted in a corresponding net increase to goodwill of $2.3 million. We also finalized the net working capital adjustment, which resulted in a $1.6 million reduction to the total purchase consideration and goodwill. 93 Table of Contents The following table presents the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date: (in thousands) Assets: Receivables Inventory Prepaid expenses and other current assets Income taxes receivable Property and equipment Goodwill Trade names - indefinite Customer relationships - definite Operating lease assets Total assets Liabilities: Accounts payable Accrued expenses and other current liabilities Lease liabilities, non-current Deferred tax liabilities, net Total liabilities Net assets recorded $ $ 12,437 30,001 3,699 4,169 11,576 209,721 170,000 22,000 2,155 465,758 3,780 11,125 1,719 39,839 56,463 409,295 The fair value of receivables acquired is $12.4 million, with the gross contractual amount being $12.5 million and $0.1 million expected to be uncollectible. The impact of the acquisition of Osprey on our consolidated statement of income for fiscal 2022 is as follows: December 29, 2021 (acquisition date) through February 28, 2022 (in thousands, except earnings per share data) Sales revenue, net Net income EPS: Basic Diluted Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 (1) 24,373 $ 696 $ $ 0.03 0.03 (1) Net income and EPS amounts include allocations for corporate expenses, interest expense and income tax expense. 94 Table of Contents The following supplemental unaudited pro forma information presents our financial results as if the acquisition of Osprey had occurred on March 1, 2020. This supplemental pro forma information has been prepared for comparative purposes and would not necessarily indicate what may have occurred if the acquisition had been completed on March 1, 2020, and this information is not intended to be indicative of future results: (in thousands, except earnings per share data) Sales revenue, net Net income EPS: Basic Diluted Fiscal Years Ended the Last Day of February, 2022 2021 $ 2,361,906 $ 2,224,196 259,311 202,507 $ $ 8.39 $ 8.30 $ 10.38 10.29 These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results of Osprey to reflect the effect of definite-lived intangible assets recognized as part of the business combination on amortization expense as if the acquisition had occurred on March 1, 2020. Note 8 - Goodwill and Intangibles Amortization expense is recorded for intangible assets with definite useful lives and is reported within SG&A in our consolidated statements of income. Some of our goodwill is held in jurisdictions that allow deductions for tax purposes, however, in some of those jurisdictions we have no tax basis for the associated goodwill recorded for book purposes. Accordingly, the majority of our goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. We perform annual impairment testing each fiscal year and interim impairment testing, if necessary. We write down any asset deemed to be impaired to its fair value. During both fiscal year 2023 and 2022, we did not record any impairment charges related to goodwill or intangible assets. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, our quarterly impairment evaluation of long- lived assets held for sale resulted in an asset impairment charge of $8.5 million ($7.4 million after tax) to reduce the goodwill of our Personal Care business to reflect the disposal group at fair value less cost to sell. See Note 4 for additional information. The following table summarizes the changes in our goodwill by segment for fiscal 2023 and 2022: (in thousands) Gross carrying amount as of February 28, 2021 Accumulated impairment as of February 28, 2021 Acquisitions (1) Gross carrying amount as of February 28, 2022 Accumulated impairment as of February 28, 2022 Net carrying amount as of February 28, 2022 Acquisitions (1) (2) Gross carrying amount as of February 28, 2023 Accumulated impairment as of February 28, 2023 Net carrying amount as of February 28, 2023 Home & Outdoor Beauty & Wellness Total $ 282,056 $ 457,845 $ — 208,972 491,028 — 491,028 $ 749 491,777 — 491,777 $ — — 457,845 — 457,845 $ 116,857 574,702 — 574,702 $ $ $ 739,901 — 208,972 948,873 — 948,873 117,606 1,066,479 — 1,066,479 (1) Reflects the goodwill recorded in the Home & Outdoor segment in connection with the acquisition of Osprey on December 29, 2021. For additional information see Note 7. (2) Reflects the goodwill recorded in the Beauty & Wellness segment in connection with the acquisition of Curlsmith on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 7. 95 Table of Contents The following table summarizes the components of our other intangible assets as follows: (in thousands) Indefinite-lived: Licenses Trademarks February 28, 2023 (1)(2) February 28, 2022 (2) Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount Gross Carrying Amount Accumulated Amortization Net Carrying Amount $ 7,400 $ 358,200 — $ — 7,400 $ 7,400 $ 358,200 358,200 — $ — 7,400 358,200 Definite-lived: Licenses Trademarks Other Intangibles Total $ 74,250 51,150 231,457 722,457 $ (5,429) (7,212) (155,933) (168,574) $ 68,821 43,938 75,524 553,883 $ 74,250 30,150 218,155 688,155 $ (3,267) (4,332) (142,710) (150,309) $ 70,983 25,818 75,445 537,846 (1) Balances as of February 28, 2023 include intangible assets recorded in connection with the acquisition of Curlsmith on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 7. (2) Balances as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022 include intangible assets recorded in connection with the acquisition of Osprey on December 29, 2021. For additional information see Note 7. The following tables summarize amortization expense related to our other intangible assets as follows: Aggregate Amortization Expense (in thousands) Fiscal 2023 Fiscal 2022 Fiscal 2021 Estimated Amortization Expense (in thousands) Fiscal 2024 Fiscal 2025 Fiscal 2026 Fiscal 2027 Fiscal 2028 Note 9 - Share-Based Compensation Plans $ $ 18,322 12,764 17,643 18,503 18,017 15,924 11,369 8,652 During the fiscal year, we had equity activity under one expired and two active share-based compensation plans. The expired plan consists of the 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”). The active plans consist of the 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2018 Plan”) and the 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”). The plans are administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which consists of non-employee directors who are independent under the applicable listing standards for companies traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC. 2018 Plan On August 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, RSAs, RSUs, PSAs, PSUs, and other stock-based awards. The aggregate number of shares for issuance under the 2018 Plan will not exceed 2,000,000 shares and as of February 28, 2023, 1,069,548 shares were available for issuance. 96 Table of Contents 2018 ESPP On August 22, 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 ESPP. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be purchased under the 2018 ESPP will not exceed 750,000 shares. Under the terms of the plan, associates may authorize the withholding of up to 15% of their wages or salaries to purchase our shares of common stock, not to exceed $25,000 of the fair market value of such shares for any calendar year. The purchase price for shares acquired under the 2018 ESPP is equal to the lower of 85% of the share's fair market value on either the first day of each option period or the last day of each period. The plan will expire by its terms on September 1, 2028. Shares of common stock purchased under the 2018 ESPP vest immediately at the time of purchase. Accordingly, the fair value award associated with their discounted purchase price is expensed at the time of purchase. During fiscal 2023, there were 32,613 shares purchased under the plan. Share-Based Compensation Expense We recorded share-based compensation expense in SG&A as follows: (in thousands) Stock options Directors stock compensation Service Condition Awards Performance Condition Awards Market Condition Awards Employee stock purchase plan Share-based compensation expense Less: income tax benefits Share-based compensation expense, net of income tax benefits Stock Options Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ — $ 788 8,663 9,017 7,223 1,062 26,753 (1,830) 24,923 $ — $ 644 11,177 17,260 4,234 1,303 34,618 (2,965) 31,653 $ 19 685 7,941 16,796 — 977 26,418 (1,926) 24,492 There have been no new grants of options since fiscal 2017 and all options outstanding at February 28, 2022 and 2023 were exercisable. A summary of stock option activity under our 2008 plan was as follows: (in thousands, except contractual term and per share data) Outstanding at February 28, 2022 Exercises Outstanding at February 28, 2023 Exercisable at February 28, 2023 Options Weighted Average Exercise Price (per share) 68.27 78.28 61.77 61.77 25 $ (9) 16 $ 16 $ Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years) Intrinsic Value 1.6 $ 1.1 $ 1.1 $ 3,232 1,080 726 726 The total intrinsic value of options exercised during fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, was $1.1 million, $3.6 million, and $2.8 million, respectively. Director Restricted Stock Awards During fiscal 2023 we issued under the 2018 Plan, 5,584 RSAs to non-employee members of the Board of Directors with a total grant date fair value of $0.8 million or $141.04 per share. The RSAs vested immediately, and accordingly, were expensed immediately. The total fair value of RSAs granted to our non-employee members of the Board of Directors that vested immediately on grant dates in fiscal 2022 and 2021 was $0.6 million and $0.7 million, respectively. 97 Table of Contents Service Condition Awards We grant RSAs and RSUs to associates, which primarily vest ratably over four years or have specified graded vesting terms over 3 years, “Service Condition Awards”. A summary of Service Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2023 follows: (in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at February 28, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at February 28, 2023 Number of Service Condition Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share) 138 $ 52 (52) (27) 111 $ 188.11 195.90 164.84 202.57 199.29 The total fair value of Service Condition Awards that vested in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $10.2 million, $14.3 million, and $14.0 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of Service Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $195.90, $218.35, and $179.30, respectively. Performance Condition Awards We grant Performance Condition Awards to certain officers and associates, which cliff vest after three years. The vesting of these awards is contingent upon meeting one or more defined operational performance metrics over a three year performance period. The quantity of shares ultimately awarded can range from 0% to 200% of “Target”, as defined in the award agreement as 100%, based on the level of achievement against the defined operational performance metrics. A summary of Performance Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2023 follows and reflects all PSAs granted and outstanding at maximum achievement of 200% of Target: (in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at February 28, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited (1) Outstanding at February 28, 2023 Number of Performance Condition Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share) 451 $ 87 (184) (60) 294 $ 148.66 204.20 112.17 142.61 189.21 (1) Includes an additional 37 shares, which resulted from the performance of the fiscal 2020 awards not achieving maximum 200% of Target. The total fair value of Performance Condition Awards that vested in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $37.8 million, $29.9 million, and $18.6 million, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value of Performance Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $204.20, $216.20 and $170.27, respectively. Market Condition Awards We grant Market Condition Awards to certain officers and associates, which cliff vest after three years. The vesting of these awards is contingent upon meeting specified stock price return targets compared to a pre-determined peer group over a three year period. The quantity of shares ultimately awarded can range from 0% to 200% of “Target”, as defined in the award agreement as 100%, based on the level of 98 Table of Contents achievement against the defined targets. A summary of Market Condition Awards activity during fiscal 2023 follows and reflects all PSAs granted and outstanding at maximum achievement of 200% of Target: (in thousands, except per share data) Outstanding at February 28, 2022 Granted Vested Forfeited Outstanding at February 28, 2023 Number of Market Condition Awards Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share) 68 $ 87 — (13) 142 $ 156.08 152.91 — 154.13 154.32 The weighted average grant date fair value of Market Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2023 and 2022 was $152.91 and $156.08, respectively. The fair value of our Market Condition Awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables to estimate the probability that market conditions will be achieved and is applied to the closing price of our common stock on the date of grant. The input variables utilized are included in the table below: Expected term in years Risk free interest rate Expected volatility Expected dividend yield (1) Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 3 1.5 % 38.8 % — % 3 0.3 % 38.9 % — % (1) The Monte Carlo method assumes a reinvestment of dividends. The expected term is consistent with the explicit service period and the risk free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with maturities equal to the expected term of the awards. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of our stock prices over the expected term of the awards. Unrecognized Share-Based Compensation Expense As of February 28, 2023, our total unrecognized share-based compensation for all awards was $20.0 million, which will be recognized over a weighted average amortization period of 1.7 years. The total unrecognized share-based compensation reflects an estimate of zero percent of Target achievement for Performance Condition Awards granted during fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022, and a weighted average estimate of 150% of Target achievement for Performance Condition Awards granted in fiscal 2021. Note 10 - Defined Contribution Plans We sponsor defined contribution savings plans in the U.S. and other countries where we have associates. Total company matching contributions made to these plans for fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021 were $5.9 million, $5.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively. Note 11 - Repurchases of Common Stock In August 2021, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our outstanding common stock. The authorization became effective August 25, 2021, for a period of three years, and replaced our former repurchase authorization, of which approximately $79.5 million remained. These repurchases may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, block trades, 99 Table of Contents accelerated stock repurchase transactions, or any combination of such methods. As of February 28, 2023, our repurchase authorization allowed for the purchase of $403.6 million of common stock. Our current equity-based compensation plans include provisions that allow for the “net exercise” of share- settled awards by all plan participants. In a net exercise, any required payroll taxes, federal withholding taxes and exercise price of the shares due from the option or other share-based award holders are settled by having the holder tender back to us a number of shares at fair value equal to the amounts due. Net exercises are treated as purchases and retirements of shares. The following table summarizes our share repurchase activity for the periods shown: (in thousands, except share and per share data) Common stock repurchased on the open market: Number of shares Aggregate value of shares Average price per share Common stock received in connection with share-based compensation: Number of shares Aggregate value of shares Average price per share Note 12 - Restructuring Plan Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 — — $ — $ 776,601 170,712 $ 219.82 $ 960,829 191,606 199.42 90,462 18,365 $ 203.02 $ 78,358 17,492 $ 223.23 $ 69,194 11,688 168.92 $ $ $ $ As part of our global restructuring plan, Project Pegasus, we incur severance and employee related costs, professional fees, contract termination costs and other exit and disposal costs which are recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statement of income. Severance and employee related costs consist primarily of salary continuation benefits, prorated annual incentive compensation (based on eligibility), outplacement services and continuation of health benefits. Severance and employee related benefits are pursuant to our severance plan and are accounted for in accordance with ASC 712, Compensation - Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits, based upon the characteristics of the termination benefits pursuant to our severance plan. Severance and employee related costs are recognized when the benefits are determined to be probable of being paid and reasonably estimable. Professional fees, contract termination costs and other exit and disposal costs are accounted for in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations and are recognized as incurred. Restructuring accruals are based upon management estimates at the time and are subject to change depending upon changes in facts and circumstances subsequent to the date the original liability was recorded. During the second quarter of fiscal 2023, we focused on developing Project Pegasus, a global restructuring plan intended to expand operating margins through initiatives designed to improve efficiency and reduce costs. Project Pegasus includes initiatives to further optimize our brand portfolio, streamline and simplify the organization, accelerate cost of goods savings projects, enhance the efficiency of our supply chain network, optimize our indirect spending, and improve our cash flow and working capital, as well as other activities. We anticipate these initiatives will create operating efficiencies, as well as provide a platform to fund future growth investments. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization in connection with Project Pegasus that resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment, which is referred to herein as “Beauty & Wellness.” In connection with these organizational structure changes, corresponding changes were made to how our business is managed, how results are reported internally and how our CEO, our chief 100 Table of Contents operating decision maker, assesses performance and allocates resources. We believe that these changes better align internal resources and external go to market activities in order to create a more efficient and effective organizational structure. There were no changes to the products or brands included within our Home & Outdoor reportable segment as part of these organizational changes. As part of our initiative focused on streamlining and simplifying the organization, we made further changes to the structure of our organization, which include the creation of a North America Regional Market Organization (“RMO”) responsible for sales and go to market strategies for all categories and channels in the U.S. and Canada, and further centralization of certain functions under shared services, particularly in operations and finance to better support our business segments and RMOs. This new structure, inclusive of the organizational structure changes described above resulting in the reportable segment change, will reduce the size of our global workforce by approximately 10%. The majority of the role reductions were completed by March 1, 2023, and nearly all of the remaining role reductions are expected to be completed before the end of fiscal year 2024. We believe that these changes better focus business segment resources on brand development, consumer-centric innovation and marketing, the RMOs on sales and go to market strategies, and shared services on their respective areas of expertise while also creating a more efficient and effective organizational structure. We have the following expectations regarding Project Pegasus: • Targeted annualized pre-tax operating profit improvements of approximately $75 million to $85 million, which we expect to substantially begin in fiscal 2024 and be substantially achieved by the end of fiscal 2026. • Estimated cadence of the recognition of the savings will be approximately 25% in fiscal 2024, • • approximately 50% in fiscal 2025 and approximately 25% in fiscal 2026. Total profit improvements to be realized approximately 60% through reduced cost of goods sold and 40% through lower SG&A. Total one-time pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $85 million to $95 million, over the duration of the plan, which are expected to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2024 and will primarily be comprised of severance and employee related costs, professional fees, contract termination costs, and other exit and disposal costs. • All of our operating segments and shared services will be impacted by the plan. During fiscal 2023, we incurred $27.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs in connection with Project Pegasus, which were recorded as “Restructuring charges” in the consolidated statement of income. We recognized $0.4 million of pre-tax restructuring costs during fiscal 2022 under a prior restructuring plan referred to as Project Refuel, which was completed during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2022. The following table summarizes restructuring charges recorded as a result of Project Pegasus for fiscal 2023: (in thousands) Severance and employee related costs Professional fees Contract termination Other Total restructuring charges Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023 Beauty & Wellness Home & Outdoor Total Total Incurred Since Inception $ $ 1,984 $ 6,674 — 31 8,689 $ 7,469 $ 10,075 535 594 18,673 $ 9,453 $ 16,749 535 625 27,362 $ 9,453 16,749 535 625 27,362 101 Table of Contents The table below presents a rollforward of our accruals related to Project Pegasus, which are included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities: (in thousands) Severance and employee related costs Professional fees Contract termination Other Total $ Balance at February 28, 2022 $ Charges Payments — $ — — — — $ 9,453 $ 16,749 535 625 27,362 $ Balance at February 28, 2023 3,173 3,201 160 34 6,568 (6,280) $ (13,548) (375) (591) (20,794) $ Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies Indemnity Agreements Under agreements with customers, licensors and parties from whom we have acquired assets or entered into business combinations, we indemnify these parties against liability associated with our products. Additionally, we are party to a number of agreements under leases where we indemnify the lessor for liabilities attributable to our actions or conduct. The indemnity agreements to which we are a party do not, in general, increase our liability for claims related to our products or actions and have not materially affected our consolidated financial statements. Legal Matters We are involved in various other legal claims and proceedings in the normal course of operations. We believe the outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity, except as described below. On December 23, 2021, Brita LP filed a complaint against Kaz USA, Inc. and Helen of Troy Limited in the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas (the “Patent Litigation”), alleging patent infringement by the Company relating to its PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the Patent Litigation, Brita LP seeks monetary damages and injunctive relief relating to the alleged infringement. Brita LP simultaneously filed a complaint with the United States International Trade Commission (“ITC”) against Kaz USA, Inc., Helen of Troy Limited and five other companies that sell water filtration systems (the “ITC Action”). The complaint in the ITC Action also alleges patent infringement by the Company with respect to a limited set of PUR gravity-fed water filtration systems. In the ITC Action, Brita LP requested the ITC to initiate an unfair import investigation relating to such filtration systems. This action seeks injunctive relief to prevent entry of certain accused PUR products (and certain other products) into the U.S. and cessation of marketing and sales of existing inventory that is already in the U.S. On January 25, 2022, the ITC instituted the investigation requested by the ITC Action. Discovery closed in the ITC Action in May 2022, and approximately half of the originally identified PUR gravity-fed water filters were removed from the case and are no longer included in the ITC Action. In August 2022, the parties participated in the evidentiary hearing, with additional supplemental hearings in October 2022. On February 28, 2023, the ITC issued an Initial Determination in the ITC Action, tentatively ruling against Kaz USA, Inc. and the other respondents. The ITC has a guaranteed review process, and thus all respondents, including Kaz USA, Inc., filed a petition with the ITC for a full review of the Initial Determination prior to the ITC making any final decision in this matter. We are now awaiting a decision by the ITC regarding whether it will review any portion of the Initial Determination. The final decision in the ITC Action is expected by June 28, 2023. The Patent Litigation has been stayed pending resolution of the ITC Action. While we intend to continue to vigorously pursue our claims and defenses in these proceedings, we have also implemented mitigation plans to help minimize the expected potential impact to the Company, its customers and consumers of a negative ITC decision. These mitigation plans include the introduction of an alternative replacement water filter that could be distributed to customers promptly 102 Table of Contents following a potentially adverse ITC decision at the end of June. We cannot predict the outcome of these proceedings, the amount or range of any potential loss, when the proceedings will be resolved, or customer acceptance of any replacement water filter. Litigation is inherently unpredictable, and the resolution or disposition of these proceedings could, if adversely determined, have a material and adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations. Regulatory Matters Our operations are subject to national, state, local, and provincial jurisdictions’ environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and industry-specific product certifications. Many of the products we sell are subject to product safety laws and regulations in various jurisdictions. These laws and regulations specify the maximum allowable levels of certain materials that may be contained in our products, provide statutory prohibitions against misbranded and adulterated products, establish ingredients and manufacturing procedures for certain products, specify product safety testing requirements, and set product identification, labeling and claim requirements. Some product lines within our Beauty & Wellness segment are subject to product identification, labeling and claim requirements, which are monitored and enforced by regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”), U.S. Customs and Border Protection, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. During fiscal 2022, we were in discussions with the EPA regarding the compliance of packaging claims on certain of our products in the air and water filtration categories and a limited subset of humidifier products within the Beauty & Wellness segment that are sold in the U.S. The EPA did not raise any product quality, safety or performance issues. As a result of these packaging compliance discussions, we voluntarily implemented a temporary stop shipment action on the impacted products as we worked with the EPA towards an expedient resolution. Our fiscal 2022 consolidated, and Beauty & Wellness segment’s, net sales revenue, gross profit, and operating income were materially and adversely impacted by the stop shipment actions and the time needed to execute repackaging plans. We resumed normalized levels of shipping of the affected inventory during fiscal 2022 and we completed the repackaging of our existing inventory of impacted products during fiscal 2023. Additionally, as a result of continuing dialogue with the EPA, we executed further repackaging and relabeling plans on certain additional humidifier products and certain additional air filtration products, which were also completed during fiscal 2023. Although, we are not aware of any fines or penalties related to this matter imposed against us by the EPA, there can be no assurances that such fines or penalties will not be imposed. We recorded charges to cost of goods sold to write-off obsolete packaging for the affected products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit. We have also incurred additional compliance costs comprised of obsolete packaging, storage and other charges from vendors, which were recognized in cost of goods sold and incremental warehouse storage costs and legal fees, which were recognized in SG&A. We refer to these charges as “EPA compliance costs.” The following table provides a summary of EPA compliance costs incurred during the periods presented: (in thousands) Cost of goods sold SG&A Total EPA compliance costs Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February 2022 2023 2021 $ $ 16,928 1 $ 6,645 23,573 $ 17,728 2 $ 14,626 32,354 $ — — — (1) Includes a $4.4 million charge to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected additional humidifier products and affected additional air filtration products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2023. (2) Includes a $13.1 million charge to cost of goods sold to write-off the obsolete packaging for the affected air filtration, water filtration and humidifier products in our inventory on-hand and in-transit as of the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2022. 103 Table of Contents In addition, we incurred and capitalized into inventory costs to repackage a portion of our existing inventory of the affected products beginning in the second quarter of fiscal 2022 through completion of the repackaging in the third quarter of fiscal 2023. For additional information refer to Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” and to Item 7., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” including “EPA Compliance Costs” included within this Annual Report. Weather-Related Incident On March 30, 2022, a third-party facility that we utilize for inventory storage incurred severe damage from a weather-related incident. The inventory that was stored at this facility primarily related to our Beauty & Wellness segment. While the inventory is insured, some seasonal inventory and inventory designated for specific customer promotions was not accessible and subsequently determined to be damaged, and as a result, unfavorably impacted our net sales revenue during the first quarter of fiscal 2023. As a result of the damages to the inventory stored at the facility, we recorded a charge to write-off the damaged inventory totaling $34.4 million during fiscal 2023. These charges were fully offset by probable insurance recoveries of $34.4 million also recorded during fiscal 2023, which represented anticipated insurance proceeds, not to exceed the amount of the associated losses, for which receipt was deemed probable. The charges for the damaged inventory and the expected insurance recoveries are included in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statement of income for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. During fiscal 2023, we received proceeds of $46.0 million from our insurance carriers related to this incident which are included in cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statement of cash flows for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023. As a result, during fiscal 2023, the Company recorded a gain of $9.7 million, net of costs incurred to dispose of the inventory, as a reduction of SG&A expense in our consolidated statement of income. Commitments We sell certain of our products under trademarks licensed from third parties. Some of these trademark license agreements require us to pay minimum royalties. As of February 28, 2023, we estimate future minimum annual royalty payments over the noncancellable term of these arrangements to be approximately $6.4 million, $6.0 million, $6.0 million, $5.5 million, and $2.9 million per year, during the next five fiscal years, respectively. Note 14 - Long-Term Debt A summary of our long-term debt follows: (in thousands) Mississippi Business Finance Corporation Loan (the “MBFC Loan”) Credit Agreement: Revolving loans Term loans Total borrowings under Credit Agreement Subtotal Unamortized prepaid financing fees Total long-term debt Less: current maturities of long-term debt Long-term debt, excluding current maturities 104 February 28, 2023 $ — $ February 28, 2022 16,707 690,000 246,875 936,875 936,875 (2,463) 934,412 (6,064) 928,348 $ 799,500 — 799,500 816,207 (2,991) 813,216 (1,884) 811,332 $ Table of Contents Aggregate annual maturities of our long-term debt as of February 28, 2023 were as follows: (in thousands) Fiscal 2024 Fiscal 2025 Fiscal 2026 Fiscal 2027 Fiscal 2028 Thereafter Total Credit Agreement $ $ 6,250 6,250 924,375 — — — 936,875 We have a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders that provides for an unsecured total revolving commitment of $1.25 billion and matures on March 13, 2025. The Credit Agreement includes a $300 million accordion, which can be used for term loan commitments. The accordion permits the Company to request to increase its borrowing capacity, not to exceed the $300 million commitment in the aggregate, provided certain conditions are met, including lender approval. As described below, in June of 2022, we exercised $250 million of the $300 million accordion under the Credit Agreement and borrowed $250 million as term loans. Any increase to term loan commitments and revolving loan commitments must be made on terms identical to the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement and must have a maturity date of no earlier than March 13, 2025. Outstanding letters of credit reduce the borrowing availability under the Credit Agreement on a dollar-for-dollar basis. We are able to repay amounts borrowed at any time without penalty. Borrowings accrue interest under one of two alternative methods pursuant to the Credit Agreement as described below. With each borrowing against our credit line, we can elect the interest rate method based on our funding needs at the time. We also incur loan commitment and letter of credit fees under the Credit Agreement. At February 28, 2022, the Credit Agreement bore floating interest at either the Base Rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and LIBOR borrowings, respectively. On June 28, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the Credit Agreement to, among other things, replace LIBOR with Term SOFR (as defined in the Credit Agreement) as the reference interest rate. In connection with the amendment, we also (i) exercised the accordion under the Credit Agreement and borrowed $250 million as term loans, and (ii) provided a notice relating to a qualified acquisition, which triggered temporary adjustments to the maximum leverage ratio as further described below. The term loans are payable at the end of each fiscal quarter in equal installments of 0.625% of the term loans made, which began in the third quarter of fiscal 2023, with the remaining balance due at the maturity date. The maturity date of the term loans is March 13, 2025, which is the same maturity date as the revolving loans under the Credit Agreement. The proceeds from the term loans were used to repay revolving loans under the Credit Agreement. We may prepay the term loans, in whole or in part, at any time without premium or penalty. Following the amendment, borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR, plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively, plus a credit spread of 0.10% for Term SOFR borrowings. As a result of the notice for the qualified acquisition, the maximum leverage ratio is 4.00 to 1.00 through February 28, 2023, 3.75 to 1.00 through May 31, 2023 and 3.50 to 1.00 thereafter. As of February 28, 2023, the balance of outstanding letters of credit was $18.2 million and the amount available for revolving loans under the Credit Agreement was $541.8 million. Covenants in the Credit Agreement limit the amount of total indebtedness we can incur. As a result of our exercise of the 105 Table of Contents qualified acquisition notice under the Credit Agreement, as of February 28, 2023, these covenants effectively limited our ability to incur more than $363.0 million of additional debt from all sources, including the Credit Agreement. The floating interest rates on our borrowings under the Credit Agreement are hedged with interest rate swaps to effectively fix interest rates on $425 million and $125 million of the outstanding principal balance under the revolving loans as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, respectively. In connection with amending our Credit Agreement in June 2022, we updated our associated interest rate swap contracts to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR as the reference interest rate during the second quarter of fiscal 2023. In accordance with ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”), we elected to apply the hedge accounting practical expedients related to changes to the critical terms of a hedging instrument, hedged item or forecasted transaction and changes in designated hedged interest rate risk. Application of these practical expedients allowed us to maintain hedge accounting for our interest rate swap contracts. See Notes 15, 16, and 17 for additional information regarding our interest rate swaps. Other Debt Agreements On February 28, 2023, we paid the remaining balance of $15.1 million, including principal and interest, outstanding under our unsecured loan agreement with the Mississippi Business Finance Corporation (the “MBFC”) without penalty. As a result, as of February 28, 2023, we no longer have outstanding debt related to the MBFC Loan and the MBFC Loan terminated pursuant to its terms. The loan agreement was entered into in connection with the issuance by MBFC of taxable industrial development revenue bonds. The borrowings were used to fund construction of our Olive Branch, Mississippi distribution facility. The maturity date of the MBFC Loan was March 1, 2023. On August 26, 2022, we entered into an amendment to the loan agreement for the unsecured MBFC Loan to, among other things, replace LIBOR with Term SOFR (as defined in the loan agreement) as the reference interest rate. Following the effective date of the amendment, borrowings under the MBFC Loan bore interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR (both as defined in the loan agreement), plus a margin based on the Net Leverage Ratio (as defined in the loan agreement) of 0% to 1.0% and 1.0% to 2.0% for Base Rate and Term SOFR borrowings, respectively, plus a credit spread of 0.10% for Term SOFR borrowings. Prior to the amendment, the MBFC Loan bore floating interest based on either LIBOR plus a margin of up to 2.0%, or a Base Rate plus a margin of up to 1.0%, as determined by the interest rate elected and the Net Leverage Ratio defined in loan agreement. In connection with amending the Credit Agreement and the MBFC Loan to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR (as defined in the respective agreements), we elected to apply the contract modification practical expedient in accordance with ASU 2020-04. Application of this practical expedient provided relief from the requirement to evaluate whether the modification resulted in an extinguishment and allowed us to account for the modification by prospectively adjusting the effective interest rate in the agreements. Debt Covenants All of our debt is unconditionally guaranteed, on a joint and several basis, by the Company and certain of its subsidiaries. Our Credit Agreement requires the maintenance of certain key financial covenants, defined in the table below. Our Credit Agreement also contains other customary covenants, including, among other things, covenants restricting or limiting us, except under certain conditions set forth therein, from (1) incurring debt, (2) incurring liens on our properties, (3) making certain types of investments, (4) selling certain assets or making other fundamental changes relating to mergers and consolidations, and (5) repurchasing shares of our common stock and paying dividends. Our Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, including failure to pay principal or interest when due, among others. Upon an event of default under our Credit Agreement, the lenders may, among other things, accelerate the 106 Table of Contents maturity of any amounts outstanding. The commitments of the lenders to make loans to us under the Credit Agreement are several and not joint. Accordingly, if any lender fails to make loans to us, our available liquidity could be reduced by an amount up to the aggregate amount of such lender’s commitments under the Credit Agreement. As of February 28, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants as defined under the terms of the Credit Agreement. Interest and Capitalized Interest During fiscal 2023, we incurred interest costs totaling $46.2 million, of which we capitalized $5.5 million as part of property and equipment in connection with the construction of a new distribution facility. During fiscal 2022 and 2021, we incurred interest costs totaling $12.8 million and $12.6 million, respectively, none of which was capitalized. The following table contains information about interest rates and the related weighted average borrowings outstanding under our Credit Agreement and the MBFC Loan for the periods presented below: (in thousands) Credit Agreement: Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 Average borrowings outstanding (1) Average effective interest rate (2) Interest rate range Weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding at year end $ 1,011,263 $ 4.3 % 1.1% - 8.6% 6.6 % 503,900 $ 1.1 % 1.1% - 3.3% 1.2 % 334,400 1.7 % 1.1% - 4.8% 1.1 % MBFC Loan: Average borrowings outstanding (1) Average effective interest rate (2) Interest rate range Weighted average interest rate on borrowings outstanding at year end $ 12,226 $ 17,087 $ 5.0 % 1.2% - 5.9% (3) 1.1 % 1.1% - 1.2% 1.2 % 18,987 1.4 % 1.1% - 2.6% 1.1 % (1) Average borrowings outstanding is computed as the average of the current and four prior quarters ending balances outstanding. (2) The average effective interest rate during each year is computed by dividing the total interest expense associated with the borrowing for a fiscal year by the average borrowings outstanding for the same fiscal year. (3) As of February 28, 2023, we no longer had any outstanding borrowings on the MBFC Loan and the MBFC Loan terminated pursuant to its terms. Note 15 - Fair Value Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Valuation techniques under the accounting guidance related to fair value measurements are based on observable and unobservable inputs. These inputs are classified into the following hierarchy: Level 1: Quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for similar or identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; and 107 Table of Contents model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions. When circumstances dictate the transfer of an asset or liability to a different level, we report the transfer at the beginning of the reporting period in which the facts and circumstances resulting in the transfer occurred. There were no transfers between the fair value hierarchy levels during the periods presented. Our financial assets and liabilities are classified as Level 2 because their valuation is dependent on observable inputs and other quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, or model-derived valuations whose significant value drivers are observable. The following table presents the carrying amount and fair value of our financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 2 as follows: (in thousands) Assets: Cash equivalents (money market accounts) Interest rate swaps Foreign currency derivatives Total assets Liabilities: Interest rate swaps Foreign currency derivatives Total liabilities Carrying Amount and Fair Value February 28, 2023 February 28, 2022 $ $ $ $ 381 $ 5,746 1,423 7,550 $ — $ 711 711 $ 438 — 2,918 3,356 2,781 825 3,606 The carrying amounts of cash, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities and income taxes payable approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these items. The carrying amounts of receivables approximate fair value due to the effect of the related allowance for credit losses. The carrying amount of our floating rate long-term debt approximates its fair value. We use derivatives to manage our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, which include foreign currency forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps. In addition, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. All of our derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value. See Notes 1, 16 and 17 for more information on our derivatives. We did not remeasure any assets to fair value on a non-recurring basis during fiscal 2023 or 2022. Note 16 - Financial Instruments and Risk Management Foreign Currency Risk The U.S. Dollar is the functional currency for the Company and all of its subsidiaries and is also the reporting currency for the Company. By operating internationally, we are subject to foreign currency risk from transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar (“foreign currencies”). Such transactions include sales and operating expenses. As a result of such transactions, portions of our cash, trade accounts receivable and trade accounts payable are denominated in foreign currencies. Approximately 13%, 10%, and 12% of our net sales revenue was denominated in foreign currencies during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. These sales were primarily denominated in Euros, British Pounds and Canadian Dollars. We make most of our inventory purchases from manufacturers in Asia and primarily use the U.S. Dollar for such purchases. 108 Table of Contents We recorded in SG&A foreign currency exchange rate net losses of $1.7 million, $0.2 million and $0.6 million during fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. We mitigate certain foreign currency exchange rate risk by using forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps to protect against the foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in our transactions denominated in foreign currencies. We do not enter into any derivatives or similar instruments for trading or other speculative purposes. Certain of our forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges (“foreign currency contracts”) and are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in OCI until the hedge transaction is settled, at which point amounts are reclassified from AOCI to our consolidated statements of income. Foreign currency derivatives for which we have not elected hedge accounting consist of our forward contracts and cross-currency debt swaps, and any changes in the fair value of these derivatives are recorded in our consolidated statements of income. These undesignated derivatives are used to hedge monetary net asset and liability positions. Cash flows from our foreign currency derivatives are classified as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows, which is consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged item. We evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. Interest Rate Risk Interest on our outstanding debt as of February 28, 2023 is based on floating interest rates. If short-term interest rates increase, we will incur higher interest expense on any future outstanding balances of floating rate debt. Floating interest rates are hedged with interest rate swaps to effectively fix interest rates on a portion of our outstanding principal balance under the Credit Agreement, which totaled $936.9 million and $799.5 million as of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, respectively. As of February 28, 2023 and February 28, 2022, $425 million and $125 million of the outstanding principal balance under the Credit Agreement, respectively, was hedged with interest rate swaps to fix the interest rate we pay. Our interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges and are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in OCI until the hedge transaction is settled, at which point amounts are reclassified from AOCI to our consolidated statements of income. Cash flows from our interest rate swaps are classified as cash flows from operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows, which is consistent with the classification of the cash flows from the underlying hedged item. We evaluate our derivatives designated as cash flow hedges each quarter to assess hedge effectiveness. The following tables summarize the fair values of our derivative instruments at the end of fiscal 2023 and 2022: (in thousands) February 28, 2023 Derivatives designated as hedging instruments Forward contracts - sell Euro Forward contracts - sell Canadian Dollars Forward contracts - sell Pounds Forward contracts - sell Norwegian Kroner Interest rate swaps Subtotal Hedge Type Cash flow Cash flow Cash flow Cash flow Cash flow Derivatives not designated under hedge accounting Forward contracts - buy Euro Forward contracts - buy Pounds Subtotal Total fair value Final Settlement Date Notional Amount Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Other Assets Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Non-current €29,310 $ 257 $ — $ — $ 2/2024 2/2024 1/2024 2/2024 2/2026 $30,000 £19,400 kr 40,000 $425,000 962 — 185 3,941 5,345 11 — — 1,805 1,816 — 711 — — 711 — — — — — — — — — — — — — (1) (1) 3/2023 3/2023 €500 £400 6 2 8 — — — $ 5,353 $ 1,816 $ 711 $ 109 Table of Contents (in thousands) Derivatives designated as hedging instruments February 28, 2022 Hedge Type Final Settlement Date Notional Amount Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets Other Assets Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities Other Liabilities Non-current Forward contracts - sell Euro Cash flow 2/2023 €17,000 $ 1,224 $ — $ — $ Forward contracts - sell Canadian Dollars Forward contracts - sell Pounds Cash flow Cash flow 2/2023 2/2023 $40,000 475 £24,000 1,219 Forward contracts - sell Australian Dollars Cash flow 12/2022 A$5,700 Interest rate swaps Subtotal Cash flow 1/2024 $125,000 Derivatives not designated under hedge accounting Cross-currency debt swaps - Euro Cross-currency debt swaps - Pounds (2) (2) 04/2022 04/2022 €6,000 £4,500 — — — — — — — — — — 113 1,446 1,559 244 468 712 — — 2,918 — — — Subtotal Total fair value $ 2,918 $ — $ 2,271 $ 1,335 — — — — 1,335 1,335 — — — (1) These forward contracts, for which we have not elected hedge accounting, hedge monetary net asset and liability positions for the notional amounts reported, creating an economic hedge against currency movements. (2) These cross-currency debt swaps, for which we have not elected hedge accounting, adjust the currency denomination of a portion of our outstanding debt to the Euro and British Pound, as applicable, for the notional amounts reported, creating an economic hedge against currency movements. The pre-tax effects of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were as follows: Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, Gain (Loss) Recognized in AOCI Gain (Loss) Reclassified from AOCI into Income (in thousands) Foreign currency contracts - cash flow hedges $ Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges Total $ 2023 2022 Location 2023 2022 8,289 $ 8,382 16,671 $ 5,509 Sales revenue, net 2,403 7,912 Interest expense $ $ 10,390 $ (145) 10,245 $ (2,240) (4,757) (6,997) The pre-tax effects of derivative instruments not designated under hedge accounting for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) Forward contracts Cross-currency debt swaps - principal Cross-currency debt swaps - interest Total Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income Location 2023 2022 SG&A SG&A Interest Expense $ $ (281) $ 875 — 594 $ — 861 (3) 858 We expect a net gain of $4.6 million associated with foreign currency contracts and interest rate swaps currently recorded in AOCI to be reclassified into income over the next twelve months. The amount ultimately realized, however, will differ as exchange rates and interest rates change and the underlying contracts settle. See Notes 1, 15 and 17 to these consolidated financial statements for more information. 110 Table of Contents Counterparty Credit Risk Financial instruments, including foreign currency contracts, forward contracts, cross-currency debt swaps and interest rate swaps, expose us to counterparty credit risk for non-performance. We manage our exposure to counterparty credit risk by only dealing with counterparties who are substantial international financial institutions with significant experience using such derivative instruments. We believe that the risk of incurring credit losses is remote. Note 17 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) The changes in AOCI by component and related tax effects for fiscal 2023 and 2022 were as follows: (in thousands) Balance at February 28, 2021 Other comprehensive income before reclassification Amounts reclassified out of AOCI Tax effects Other comprehensive income Balance at February 28, 2022 Other comprehensive income before reclassification Amounts reclassified out of AOCI Tax effects Other comprehensive income (loss) Balance at February 28, 2023 Interest Rate Swaps $ Foreign Currency Contracts (7,576) $ 2,403 4,757 (1,710) 5,450 (2,126) $ 8,382 145 (2,007) 6,520 4,394 $ (4,080) $ 5,509 2,240 (1,341) 6,408 2,328 $ 8,289 (10,390) 326 (1,775) 553 $ Total (11,656) 7,912 6,997 (3,051) 11,858 202 16,671 (10,245) (1,681) 4,745 4,947 $ $ See Notes 1, 15 and 16 to these consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding our cash flow hedges. Note 18 - Segment and Geographic Information Segment Information We currently operate in two segments consisting of Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. The Curlsmith and Osprey brands and products were added to the Beauty & Wellness and Home & Outdoor segments, respectively, upon the completion of the acquisitions of Curlsmith and Osprey. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2023, we made changes to the structure of our organization in connection with our global restructuring plan (as further described in Note 12) that resulted in our previous Health & Wellness and Beauty operating segments being combined into a single reportable segment, which is referred to herein as “Beauty & Wellness.” In connection with these organizational structure changes, corresponding changes were made to how our business is managed, how results are reported internally and how our CEO, our chief operating decision maker, assesses performance and allocates resources. We believe that these changes better align internal resources and external go to market activities in order to create a more efficient and effective organizational structure. There were no changes to the products or brands included within our Home & Outdoor reportable segment as part of these organizational changes nor to the way in which our CEO assesses performance and allocates resources for the Home & Outdoor segment. As a result of these changes, our disclosures reflect two reportable segments, Home & Outdoor and Beauty & Wellness. Comparative prior period segment information in this Annual Report has been recast to conform to this change in our reportable segments. Our external reportable segments will continue to align with our internal reporting to enable users of the financial statements to better understand our performance, better assess our future net cash flows, and make more informed judgements about the Company as a whole. 111 Table of Contents The following tables summarize segment information for the periods presented: (in thousands) Sales revenue, net Restructuring charges Operating income Capital and intangible asset expenditures Depreciation and amortization (in thousands) Sales revenue, net Restructuring charges Operating income Capital and intangible asset expenditures Depreciation and amortization (in thousands) Sales revenue, net Asset impairment charges Restructuring charges Operating income Capital and intangible asset expenditures Depreciation and amortization Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2023 Home & Outdoor (1) Beauty & Wellness (2) Total $ 915,685 $ 8,689 134,053 159,183 18,364 1,156,982 $ 18,673 77,738 15,681 26,319 2,072,667 27,362 211,791 174,864 44,683 Home & Outdoor (1) Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2022 Beauty & Wellness Total $ 865,844 $ 369 134,925 67,732 12,112 1,357,511 $ 11 137,625 10,307 23,717 2,223,355 380 272,550 78,039 35,829 Home & Outdoor Fiscal Year Ended February 28, 2021 Beauty & Wellness Total $ 727,354 $ — 249 122,487 10,369 9,333 1,371,445 $ 8,452 101 159,001 88,299 28,385 2,098,799 8,452 350 281,488 98,668 37,718 (1) Fiscal 2022 includes approximately nine weeks of operating results from Osprey, acquired on December 29, 2021, and fiscal 2023 includes a full year of operating results. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. (2) Fiscal 2023 includes approximately forty-five weeks of operating results from Curlsmith, acquired on April 22, 2022. For additional information see Note 7 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. We compute segment operating income based on net sales revenue, less cost of goods sold, SG&A, restructuring charges, and any asset impairment charges associated with the segment. The SG&A used to compute each segment’s operating income is directly associated with the segment, plus shared service and corporate overhead expenses that are allocable to the segment. We do not allocate non-operating income and expense, including interest or income taxes, to operating segments. Our chief operating decision maker reviews balance sheet information at a consolidated level. Geographic Information The following table presents net sales revenue by geographic region, in U.S. Dollars. Net sales are attributed to countries based on the customer's location. (in thousands) U.S. Canada EMEA Asia Pacific Latin America Total sales revenue, net 2023 $ 1,538,852 108,416 268,153 115,626 41,620 $ 2,072,667 112 Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 74.2 % $ 1,738,099 101,617 214,583 109,750 59,306 100.0 % $ 2,223,355 2021 78.2 % $ 1,666,324 92,150 183,398 118,000 38,927 100.0 % $ 2,098,799 5.2 % 13.0 % 5.6 % 2.0 % 4.6 % 9.6 % 4.9 % 2.7 % 79.4 % 4.4 % 8.7 % 5.6 % 1.9 % 100.0 % Table of Contents Worldwide sales to our largest customer, Amazon.com Inc., accounted for approximately 17%, 19% and 20% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales to our second largest customer, Target Corporation, accounted for approximately 10% in fiscal 2023 and 11% in both 2022 and 2021 of our consolidated net sales revenue. Sales to our third largest customer, Walmart, Inc., including its worldwide affiliates, accounted for approximately 10%, 11% and 13% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. No other customers accounted for 10% or more of consolidated net sales revenue during these fiscal years. Sales to our top five customers accounted for approximately 43%, 49% and 52% of our consolidated net sales revenue in fiscal 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Sales to these largest customers include sales across both of our business segments. Our U.S. and international long-lived assets were as follows: (in thousands) U.S. International Total Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 357,577 $ 32,967 390,544 $ 213,505 $ 29,632 243,137 $ 145,443 23,625 169,068 The table above classifies assets based upon the country where they are physically located. Long-lived assets included in the table above include property and equipment and operating lease assets. Note 19 - Income Taxes We reorganized the Company in Bermuda in 1994 and many of our foreign subsidiaries are not directly or indirectly owned by a U.S. parent. As such, a large portion of our foreign income is not subject to U.S. taxation on a permanent basis under current law. Additionally, our intellectual property is largely owned by foreign subsidiaries, resulting in proportionally higher earnings in jurisdictions with lower statutory tax rates, which decreases our overall effective tax rate. The taxable income earned in each jurisdiction, whether U.S. or foreign, is determined by the subsidiary's operating results and transfer pricing and tax regulations in the related jurisdictions. On December 15, 2022, the European Union agreed to implement the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development's Inclusive Framework project's global minimum tax rules starting in 2024. We will continue to monitor whether, and to what extent, the Inclusive Framework project's rules are implemented consistently across jurisdictions and evaluate any potential impact to our global effective tax rate. On August 16, 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act (the “Act”) was enacted and signed into law. The Act is a budget reconciliation package that includes significant law changes relating to tax, climate change, energy, and health care. The tax provisions include, among other items, a corporate alternative minimum tax of 15%, an excise tax of 1% on corporate stock buy-backs, energy-related tax credits, and additional IRS funding. We currently do not expect these tax provisions to have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. We will continue to monitor and evaluate impact as further regulatory guidance becomes available. On March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan Act (the “ARP”) was enacted and signed into law. The ARP is an economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, which contains tax provisions that did not have a material impact to our consolidated financial statements. On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (the “CARES Act”) was enacted and signed into law. The CARES Act is an emergency economic stimulus package in response to the COVID-19 outbreak that contains numerous tax provisions. Among other things, the CARES Act 113 Table of Contents included technical corrections to the effective date language in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted into law on December 22, 2017 (the “Tax Act”), related to net operating loss carrybacks. Upon the enactment of the Tax Act in fiscal 2018, there was a net operating loss on our balance sheet, which was measured using the U.S. statutory tax rate in effect prior to enactment. As a result of the Tax Act, we were required to record a one-time charge of $17.9 million in fiscal 2018, which included a charge of $9.4 million to remeasure the net operating loss at the reduced rate at which it was expected to reverse in the future. The CARES Act effectively reversed the impact of the Tax Act on our net operating loss, resulting in a corresponding tax benefit of $9.4 million recorded in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Tax Act introduced new provisions for U.S. taxation of certain global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”). The Company continues to elect to account for the tax on GILTI as a period cost and therefore has not recorded deferred taxes related to GILTI on its foreign subsidiaries. In connection with the Tax Act, we repatriated $48.3 million of cash held in our U.S. owned foreign subsidiaries without such funds being subject to further U.S. federal income tax. As of February 28, 2023, we had approximately $40.7 million of undistributed earnings in U.S. owned foreign subsidiaries. While U.S. federal tax expense has been recognized as a result of the Tax Act, no deferred tax liabilities with respect to items such as certain foreign exchange gains or losses, foreign withholding taxes or state taxes have been recognized. No deferred taxes have been provided on the undistributed earnings of our foreign owned subsidiaries since these earnings will continue to be permanently reinvested. Due to the number of legal entities and jurisdictions involved, our legal entity structure, and the tax laws in the relevant jurisdictions, we believe it is not practicable to estimate the amount of additional taxes which may be payable upon distribution of these undistributed earnings. Our components of income before income tax expense are as follows: (in thousands) U.S. Non-U.S. Total Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 $ $ 41,738 $ 129,551 171,289 $ 63,653 $ 196,313 259,966 $ 48,693 220,737 269,430 Our components of income tax expense (benefit) are as follows: (in thousands) Current: U.S. federal State Non-U.S. Deferred: U.S. federal State Non-U.S. Total Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2021 2022 2023 $ 13,472 $ 20,907 $ 3,417 13,369 30,258 6,283 17,883 45,073 (3,337) (1,815) 2,910 (2,242) 28,016 $ (5,269) (1,766) (1,836) (8,871) 36,202 $ $ 4,340 5,892 9,652 19,884 (3,828) (1,795) 1,223 (4,400) 15,484 114 Table of Contents Our total income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. statutory tax rate to income before income taxes. An income tax rate reconciliation of these differences are as follows: Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2023 2021 Effective income tax rate at the U.S. statutory rate Impact of U.S. state income taxes Effect of statutory tax rate in Macau Effect of statutory tax rate in Barbados Effect of statutory tax rate in Switzerland Effect of income from other non-U.S. operations subject to varying rates Effect of foreign exchange fluctuations Effect of asset impairment charges Effect of U.S. tax reform Effect of uncertain tax positions Effect of non-deductible executive compensation Effect of base erosion and anti-abuse tax Other items Effective income tax rate 21.0 % 0.3 % (5.4) % (3.3) % (2.0) % 2.1 % 2.5 % — % — % 0.2 % 1.2 % — % (0.2) % 16.4 % 21.0 % 1.4 % 0.1 % (11.0) % (1.2) % 1.2 % 0.5 % — % — % 0.6 % 1.1 % — % 0.2 % 13.9 % 21.0 % 0.6 % (0.7) % (15.4) % (1.5) % 1.1 % (0.1) % 0.3 % (3.5) % 3.2 % 1.0 % (0.6) % 0.3 % 5.7 % Our Macau subsidiary generates income from the sale of the goods that it has sourced and procured. This subsidiary is responsible for the sourcing and procurement of a large portion of the products that we sell. We previously had an indefinite tax holiday in Macau conditioned on the subsidiary meeting certain employment and investment thresholds. The Macau Offshore Law and its supplementary regulations that grant tax incentives to approved offshore institutions was abolished on January 1, 2021. Existing approved offshore institutions such as ours continued to operate under the offshore regime until the end of the calendar year 2020. Beginning in calendar year 2021, our Macau subsidiary transitioned to onshore status and became subject to a statutory corporate income tax of approximately 12%. Because our Macau subsidiary is not directly or indirectly owned by a U.S. parent, there is no U.S. tax liability associated with the income generated in Macau. Each year there are significant transactions or events that are incidental to our core businesses and that by a combination of their nature and jurisdiction, can have a disproportionate impact on our reported effective tax rates. Without these transactions or events, the trend in our effective tax rates would follow a more normalized pattern. 115 Table of Contents The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows: (in thousands) Deferred tax assets, gross: Operating loss carryforwards and tax credits Accounts receivable Inventories Operating lease liabilities Research and development expenditures Interest limitation Accrued expenses and other Total gross deferred tax assets Valuation allowance Deferred tax liabilities: Operating lease assets Depreciation Amortization Total deferred tax liabilities, net Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 $ 10,882 $ 9,674 20,541 11,658 5,722 1,932 4,676 65,085 (10,706) (8,997) (9,397) (61,252) (25,267) $ $ 13,195 11,144 19,619 11,494 — — 10,364 65,816 (11,673) (8,635) (10,589) (52,873) (17,954) In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, expected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in assessing the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets. If recovery is not likely, we must increase our provision for taxes by recording a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets that we estimate will not be recoverable. In fiscal 2023, the $1.0 million net decrease in our valuation allowance was principally due to changes in the operating loss carryforwards available to be used in the future. The composition of our operating loss carryforwards and tax credits at the end of fiscal 2023 is as follows: (in thousands) U.S. state operating loss carryforwards Non-U.S. operating loss carryforwards with definite carryover periods Non-U.S. operating loss carryforwards with indefinite carryover periods Subtotal Less portion of valuation allowance established for operating loss carryforwards Total operating loss carryforwards, net of valuation allowance U.S. state tax credits Tax Year Expiration Date Range 2032-2041 2024-2040 Indefinite 2037 February 28, 2023 Deferred Tax Assets Operating Loss Carryforward 11,495 17,197 17,360 46,052 $ 520 $ 4,304 5,374 10,198 $ (9,677) 521 684 Total operating loss carryforwards, net of valuation allowance and tax credits $ 1,205 Any future amount of deferred tax asset considered realizable could be reduced in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during any carryforward periods are reduced. 116 Table of Contents During fiscal 2023 and 2022, changes in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) were as follows: (in thousands) Total unrecognized tax benefits, beginning balance Tax positions taken during the current period Changes in tax positions taken during a prior period Impact of foreign currency remeasurement Settlements Total unrecognized tax benefits, ending balance Less current unrecognized tax benefits Non-current unrecognized tax benefits Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2023 2022 $ $ 5,623 $ 644 (249) — — 6,018 — 6,018 $ 5,436 949 1,409 50 (2,221) 5,623 — 5,623 If we are able to sustain our positions with the relevant taxing authorities, approximately $6.0 million (excluding interest and penalties) of uncertain tax position liabilities as of February 28, 2023 would favorably impact our effective tax rate in future periods. We do not expect any significant changes to our existing unrecognized tax benefits during the next twelve months resulting from any issues currently pending with tax authorities. We classify interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. At the end of fiscal 2023 and 2022, the liability for tax-related interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits was $3.1 million and $3.2 million, respectively. Additionally, during fiscal 2023 and 2022, we recognized tax benefits of $0.1 million and tax expense of $0.3 million, respectively, from tax-related interest and penalties in the consolidated statements of income. We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various states and foreign jurisdictions. As of February 28, 2023, tax years under examination or still subject to examination by material tax jurisdictions are as follows: Jurisdiction Tax Years Under Examination Open Tax Years Barbados China Germany Hong Kong Macao Switzerland United Kingdom U.S. - None - 2009-2018 2014-2021 2014-2017 - None - 2017-2021 - None - - None - 2018 2009 2014 2014 2021 2017 2021 2017 — — — — — — — — 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 2023 Note 20 - Earnings Per Share We compute basic earnings per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. We compute diluted earnings per share using the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding plus the effect of dilutive securities. Dilutive securities at any given point in time may consist of outstanding options to purchase common stock and issued and contingently issuable unvested RSUs, PSUs, RSAs, PSAs and other stock-based awards (see Note 9). Anti-dilutive securities are not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share under the treasury stock method. 117 Table of Contents The following table presents our weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding for the periods shown: (in thousands) Weighted average shares outstanding, basic Incremental shares from share-based compensation arrangements Weighted average shares outstanding, diluted Fiscal Years Ended Last Day of February, 2022 2021 2023 23,955 135 24,090 24,142 268 24,410 24,985 211 25,196 Anti-dilutive securities 46 17 112 118 Table of Contents HELEN OF TROY LIMITED AND SUBSIDIARIES Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (in thousands) Allowance for credit losses: Year Ended February 28, 2023 Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Deferred tax asset valuation allowance: Year Ended February 28, 2023 Year Ended February 28, 2022 Year Ended February 28, 2021 Beginning Balance Additions (1) Deductions (2) Ending Balance $ $ $ $ $ $ 843 $ 998 $ 1,461 $ 11,673 $ 15,021 $ 14,073 $ 1,798 $ 312 $ 2,093 $ — $ — $ 948 $ 963 $ 467 $ 2,556 $ 967 $ 3,348 $ — $ 1,678 843 998 10,706 11,673 15,021 (1) Additions to the allowance for credit losses represent periodic net charges to the provision for doubtful receivables, inclusive of any recoveries of receivables previously written off. In fiscal 2021, the addition to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance was principally due to changes in estimates of the operating loss carryforwards to be used in the future. (2) Deductions to the allowance for credit losses represent uncollectible balances written off. Deductions to the deferred tax asset valuation allowance in fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2022 were primarily due to changes in estimates of the operating loss carryforwards to be used in the future. 119 Table of Contents Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure Not applicable. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act as of February 28, 2023. Based upon that evaluation, which excluded an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Curlsmith, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The management’s report on internal control over financial reporting and the attestation report on internal controls over financial reporting of the independent registered public accounting firm required by this item are set forth under Item 8., “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report and are incorporated herein by reference. In conducting our evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, we have excluded the assets and liabilities and results of operations of Curlsmith, which we acquired on April 22, 2022, in accordance with the SEC’s guidance concerning the reporting of internal controls over financial reporting in connection with an acquisition. The assets and net sales revenue of Curlsmith that were excluded from our assessment constituted approximately 0.5 percent of the Company's total consolidated assets (excluding goodwill and intangibles, which are included within the scope of the assessment) and 1.7 percent of total consolidated net sales revenue, as of and for the year ended February 28, 2023. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting In connection with the evaluation described above, we identified no change in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act that occurred during our fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Item 9B. Other Information None. Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections Not applicable. 120 Table of Contents Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance PART III Information in our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual General Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 10, as noted below: • • • • • information about our Directors who are standing for re-election is set forth under “Proposal 1: Election of Directors”; information about our executive officers is set forth under “Executive Officers”; information about our Audit Committee, including members of the committee, and our designated “audit committee financial experts” is set forth under “Board Committees and Meetings - Audit Committee”; information about Section 16(a) beneficial ownership reporting compliance is set forth under “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” (if any to disclose); and information about any material changes to procedures for recommending nominees to the board of directors is set forth under “Board Composition and Structure” and “Shareholder Proposals.” We have adopted a Code of Ethics governing our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, and finance department members. The full text of our Code of Ethics is published on our website, at www.helenoftroy.com, under the “Investor Relations-Governance” caption. The information on our website is not part of this Annual Report. We intend to disclose future amendments to, or waivers from, certain provisions of this Code of Ethics on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K. Item 11. Executive Compensation Information set forth under the captions “Director Compensation”; “Executive Compensation Tables”; “Compensation Discussion & Analysis”; “CEO Pay Ratio for Fiscal Year 2023”; “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation”; and “Compensation Committee Report” in our Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 11. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters Information set forth under the captions “Equity Compensation Plan Information” and “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in our Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 12. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence Information set forth under the captions “Certain Relationships - Related Person Transactions”; “Board Committees and Meetings” and “Board Independence” in our Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 13. Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services Information set forth under the caption “Audit and Other Fees Paid to our Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” and “Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” in our Proxy Statement is incorporated by reference in response to this Item 14. 121 Table of Contents Item 15. Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules PART IV (a) 1. Financial Statements: See “Index to Consolidated Financial Statements” under Item 8 in this Annual Report. 2. Financial Statement Schedule: See “Schedule II” in this Annual Report. 3. Exhibits The exhibit numbers succeeded by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits filed herewith. The exhibit numbers succeeded by two asterisks (**) indicate exhibits furnished herewith that are not deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and otherwise are not subject to liability. All other exhibit numbers indicate exhibits filed by incorporation by reference. Exhibit numbers succeeded by a cross (†) are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. 2.1 3.1 3.2 4.1 10.1† 10.2† 10.3† 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of December 8, 2010, among Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, KI Acquisition Corp., Kaz, Inc., the Company, and the Kaz, Inc. shareholders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 9, 2010). Memorandum of Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-4, File No. 33-73594, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 30, 1993). Amended and Restated Bye-Laws (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, File No. 001-14669, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 27, 2016). Description of the Company's Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 29, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2020). Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2014, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2014). Helen of Troy Limited Amended and Restated 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 25, 2015). Amended and Restated Helen of Troy Limited 2011 Annual Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Quarterly Report on 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 11, 2016). Loan Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2013, by and between Kaz USA, Inc. and Mississippi Business Finance Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 26, 2013 (the “2013 8-K”)). Guaranty Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2013, by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the 2013 8-K). Trust Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2013, between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and Deutsche Bank National Trust, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the 2013 8-K). First Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated as of February 7, 2014, made by Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Helen of Troy, L.P., Helen of Troy Limited, a Barbados company, HOT Nevada, Inc., Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation, Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, Idelle Labs Ltd., OXO International Ltd., Helen of Troy Macao Commercial Offshore Limited, Kaz, Inc., Kaz USA, Inc., Kaz Canada, Inc., and Pur Water Purification Products, Inc., in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 10, 2014). 122 Table of Contents 10.8 10.9 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19† 10.20† Second Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated as of June 11, 2014, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2014). Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated January 16, 2015, by and among Helen of Troy, L.P., a Texas limited partnership, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 20, 2015 (the “2015 8-K”)). First Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated December 7, 2016, by and among Helen of Troy, L.P., a Texas limited partnership, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 13, 2016). Amended and Restated Guaranty, dated March 1, 2018, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. and other lenders, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated January 16, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2019). Third Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated as of January 16, 2015, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the 2015 8-K). Fourth Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2016, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2017, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 1, 2017 (the “2017 10-K”)). First Supplemental Trust Indenture, dated as of March 1, 2014, by and between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and Deutsche Bank National Trust, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2015, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2015). Second Supplemental Trust Indenture, dated as of February 18, 2015 but effective February 1, 2015, by and between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and Deutsche Bank National Trust, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 23, 2015). Third Supplemental Trust Indenture, dated as of December 7, 2016, but effective December 1, 2016, by and between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and Deutsche Bank National Trust, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of the 2017 10-K). Second Amendment, Assumption, Consent and Ratification Agreement, dated effective as of March 1, 2018, by and among Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, a Texas corporation, Helen of Troy L.P., a Texas limited partnership, the guarantors party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 7, 2018). Third Amendment and Commitment Increase to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated March 13, 2020, by and among Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, a Texas corporation, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 17, 2020). Helen of Troy Limited 2018 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex B of the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2018 (the “2018 Proxy”)). Helen of Troy Limited 2018 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Annex C of the 2018 Proxy). 123 Table of Contents 10.21† 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26† 10.27† 10.28† 10.29† 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 21* 23.1* 31.1* Severance Agreement among Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation, a Nevada corporation, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, and Brian L. Grass, effective June 17, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 21, 2019). Fourth Supplemental Trust Indenture, dated effective as of September 28, 2018, by and between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association (successor to Deutsche Bank National Trust Company), as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending November 30, 2018, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 9, 2019 (the “2019 10-Q”)). Fifth Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated effective as of September 28, 2018, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N. A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the 2019 10-Q). Sixth Amendment to Guaranty Agreement, dated as of May 14, 2020, made by Helen of Troy Limited and certain of its subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2020 (the “May 2020 8-K”)). Fifth Supplemental Trust Indenture, dated as of May 14, 2020, by and between Mississippi Business Finance Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the May 2020 8-K). Amended and Restated Employment Agreement among Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, Helen of Troy Limited, a Barbados company, and Julien Mininberg, effective March 1, 2021 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 10, 2020 (the “December 2020 8-K”)). Severance Agreement among Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation, a Nevada corporation, Helen of Troy Limited, a Bermuda company, and Matt Osberg, effective February 28, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 3, 2022). Severance Agreement between Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation and Tessa Judge, dated May 17, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022). Severance Agreement between Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation and Noel Geoffroy, dated May 17, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022). Fourth Amendment and Commitment Increase to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated June 28, 2022, by and among Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, a Texas corporation, the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A (Amendment No. 1), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2022). Seventh Amendment to Guaranty Agreement dated August 26, 2022, by and among the Company and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries in favor of Bank of America, N.A. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2022). Sixth Supplemental Trust Indenture dated August 26, 2022, by and between MBFC and the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 30, 2022). Fifth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated November 2, 2022, by and among Helen of Troy Texas Corporation, a Texas corporation, the Company, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2022). Subsidiaries of the Registrant. Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Grant Thornton LLP. Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. 124 Table of Contents 31.2* 32** 101.INS* 101.SCH* 101.CAL* 101.DEF* 101.LAB* 101.PRE* 104 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Joint certification of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Inline XBRL Instance Document. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase. Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase. Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101. Item 16. Form 10-K Summary None. 125 Table of Contents Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the registrant has duly caused this Annual Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. SIGNATURES HELEN OF TROY LIMITED By: /s/ Julien R. Mininberg Julien R. Mininberg Chief Executive Officer and Director April 27, 2023 Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, this Annual Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. /s/ Julien R. Mininberg Julien R. Mininberg Chief Executive Officer, Director and Principal Executive Officer April 27, 2023 /s/ Matthew J. Osberg Matthew J. Osberg Chief Financial Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer April 27, 2023 /s/ Timothy F. Meeker Timothy F. Meeker Director, Chairman of the Board April 27, 2023 /s/ Beryl B. Raff Beryl B. Raff Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Darren G. Woody Darren G. Woody Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Vincent D. Carson Vincent D. Carson Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Tabata L. Gomez Tabata L. Gomez Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Krista L. Berry Krista L. Berry Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Thurman K. Case Thurman K. Case Director April 27, 2023 /s/ Elena B. Otero Elena B. Otero Director April 27, 2023 126 SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT The following subsidiaries of Helen of Troy Limited are as of February 28, 2023 and are all, directly or indirectly, wholly-owned by Helen of Troy Limited. EXHIBIT 21 Name Incorporation Doing Business as Helen of Troy Limited Helen of Troy Macao Limited Helen of Troy L.P. Idelle Labs, Ltd. OXO International, Inc. OXO International, Ltd. HOT (UK) Limited Steel Technology, LLC Kaz, Inc. Kaz USA, Inc. Pur Water Purification Products, Inc. Kaz Europe Sarl Helen of Troy Texas Corporation Drybar Products LLC Osprey Packs, Inc. Osprey Europe Limited Barbados Macau Texas Texas Nevada Texas England & Wales Oregon New York Massachusetts Nevada Switzerland Texas Delaware Colorado England and Wales Osprey Packs Vietnam Company Limited Vietnam Same Name Same Name Same Name and Belson Products Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name and Hydro Flask Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name England and Wales Same Name and Curlsmith Recipe Products Ltd Recipe Products Ltd USA B&W Enterprise Limited HOT Switzerland Services Sarl Helen of Troy Canada, Inc. Helen of Troy Middle East Services FZ – LLC Kaz France SAS Kaz Hausgeraete GesmbH Kaz Hausgeraete GmbH Helen of Troy de Mexico S. de R.L. de C.V. HOT (Jamaica) Limited Helen of Troy Chile S.A. Helen of Troy Texas Corporation HOT Nevada, Inc. HOT Latin America, LLC Delaware British Virgin Islands Switzerland Nevada Dubai France Austria Germany Mexico Jamaica Chile Texas Nevada Nevada Helen of Troy Consulting (Shenzhen) Company Limited China Helen of Troy Consulting Vietnam Kaz (Far East) Limited Vietnam Hong Kong Kaz Home Appliance Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. China Kaz Canada, Inc. Helen of Troy Nevada Corporation Osprey Europe B.V. Massachusetts Nevada Netherlands Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Osprey Child Safety Products, LLC Osprey Properties, LLC Osprey Properties II, LLC Helen of Troy Insurance Limited H.O.T. Cayman Holding Helen of Troy Holding B.V. Helen of Troy Services Limited Helen of Troy (Cayman) Limited Colorado Colorado Colorado Cayman Islands Cayman Islands Netherlands Hong Kong Cayman Islands Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name Same Name EXHIBIT 23.1 CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We have issued our reports dated April 27, 2023, with respect to the consolidated financial statements, schedule, and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of Helen of Troy Limited on Form 10-K for the year ended February 28, 2023. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Helen of Troy Limited on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-154526; File No. 333-178217; File No. 333-227074; and File No. 333-227075). /s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP Dallas, Texas April 27, 2023 CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 31.1 I, Julien R. Mininberg, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Helen of Troy Limited; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: April 27, 2023 /s/ Julien R. Mininberg Julien R. Mininberg Chief Executive Officer, Director and Principal Executive Officer CERTIFICATION I, Matthew J. Osberg, certify that: EXHIBIT 31.2 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Helen of Troy Limited; 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects, the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: April 27, 2023 /s/ Matthew J. Osberg Matthew J. Osberg Chief Financial Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer CERTIFICATION EXHIBIT 32 In connection with the Annual Report of Helen of Troy Limited (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 28, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), and pursuant to 18 U.S.C., Chapter 63, Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, each of the undersigned, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies that to the best of their knowledge: 1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. Dated: April 27, 2023 /s/ Julien R. Mininberg Julien R. Mininberg Chief Executive Officer, Director and Principal Executive Officer /s/ Matthew J. Osberg Matthew J. Osberg Chief Financial Officer, Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer This certification is not deemed to be “filed” for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. This certification is not deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference. 

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