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Heritage Financial Corporation

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Employees 757
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FY2017 Annual Report · Heritage Financial Corporation
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 or

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 000-29480 

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Washington

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

201 Fifth Avenue SW, Olympia, WA

(Address of principal executive offices)

91-1857900

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

98501

(Zip Code)

(360) 943-1500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common Stock

Name of each exchange on which registered
NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has 
been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data 
File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months 
(or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  

    No  

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained 
herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by 
reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting 

company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company," 
and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer  

 (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Accelerated filer  
Smaller reporting company  
Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying 

with any new or revised financial accounting standards pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  

    No  

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017, based on 
the closing price of its common stock on such date, on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, of $26.50 per share, and 29,335,571 shares 
held by non-affiliates was $777,392,632. The registrant had 34,013,263 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 20, 2018.

Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be incorporated by reference into 
Part III of this Form 10-K.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-K
December 31, 2017 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ITEM 1. BUSINESS
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 3.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

PART I

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER 

MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION—DECEMBER 31, 2017 
AND DECEMBER 31, 2016

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME—FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 
31, 2017, 2016 AND 2015

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME—FOR THE YEARS 
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017, 2016 AND 2015

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY—FOR THE YEARS 
ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017, 2016 AND 2015

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS—FOR THE YEARS ENDED 
DECEMBER 31, 2017, 2016 AND 2015

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION

PART III

ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT 

AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR 

INDEPENDENCE

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
SIGNATURES

PART IV

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning 
of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements often include the words “believes,” 
“expects,”  “anticipates,”  “estimates,”  “forecasts,”  “intends,”  “plans,”  “targets,”  “potentially,”  “probably,”  “projects,” 
“outlook” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.” These 
forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause 
actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated, including:

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our  ability  to  successfully  integrate  any  assets,  liabilities,  customers,  systems,  and  management 
personnel from our recent merger with Puget Sound Bancorp, Inc., or may in the future acquire, into 
our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected 
time  frames  or  at  all,  and  any  goodwill  charges  related  thereto  and  costs  or  difficulties  relating  to 
integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention, which might be 
greater than expected;
the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and 
write-offs and changes in our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses that may be 
impacted  by  deterioration  in  the  housing  and  commercial  real  estate  markets,  which  may  lead  to 
increased losses and non-performing assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our allowance for 
loan losses not being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to increase our allowance for 
loan losses and increase our provision for loan losses;
changes in general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas;
changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short and long 
term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;
risks related to acquiring assets in or entering markets in which we have not previously operated and 
may not be familiar;
fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes and other properties and fluctuations 
in real estate values in our market areas;
results of examinations of us by the bank regulators, including the possibility that any such regulatory 
authority may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, write-down 
assets, change our regulatory capital position, affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase 
deposits, or impose additional requirements on us, any of which could affect our ability to continue 
our growth through mergers, acquisitions or similar transactions and adversely affect our liquidity and 
earnings;
legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business including but not limited to, the 
Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection  Act  of  2010  (“Dodd-Frank  Act")  and 
implementing  regulations,  changes  in  regulatory  policies  and  principles,  or  the  interpretation  of 
regulatory capital or other rules as a result of Basel III;
our ability to control operating costs and expenses;
increases in premiums for deposit insurance;
the use of estimates in determining fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to 
be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;
staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that 
affect our workforce and potential associated charges;
disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our 
information  technology  systems  or  on  the  third-party  vendors  who  perform  several  of  our  critical 
processing functions;
our ability to retain key members of our senior management team;
costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;
our ability to implement our growth strategies;
increased competitive pressures among financial service companies;
changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory 
actions;
adverse changes in the securities markets;
inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory 
agencies or the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB"), including additional guidance and 
interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods; 
and

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other  economic,  competitive,  governmental,  regulatory,  and  technological  factors  affecting  our 
operations, pricing, products and services and the other risks described elsewhere in this Form 10-
K.

Some of these and other factors are discussed in this Form 10-K under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” 
and elsewhere in this Form 10-K. Such developments could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial 
position and results of operations.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements on any forward-looking 
statements discussed in this Form 10-K. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date 
they are made and based only on information then actually known to us. We do not undertake and specifically disclaim 
any obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events 
or circumstances after the date of such statements. These risks could cause our actual results for future periods to 
differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or on behalf of, us, and could negatively 
affect our operating results and stock price performance.

As used throughout this report, the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, “Heritage” or the “Company” refers to Heritage 

Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

ITEM 1.  

BUSINESS

General

PART I

Heritage Financial Corporation is a bank holding company that was incorporated in the State of Washington 
in August 1997. We are primarily engaged in the business of planning, directing, and coordinating the business activities 
of our wholly owned subsidiary, Heritage Bank (the "Bank"). The deposits of the Bank are insured by the Federal 
Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC"). 

Heritage Bank is headquartered in Olympia, Washington and conducts business from its 60 branch offices 
located primarily along the I-5 corridor in the western Washington and the greater Portland, Oregon area, including 
one branch acquired in our merger with Puget Sound Bank in January 2018. We additionally have offices located in 
central Washington, primarily in Yakima County.

Our business consists primarily of commercial lending and deposit relationships with small and medium sized 
businesses and their owners in our market areas, and attracting deposits from the general public. We also make real 
estate construction and land development loans and consumer loans. The Bank also originates for sale or investment 
purposes one-to-four family residential loans on residential properties located primarily in our market.

Business Strategy

Our business strategy is to be a community bank, seeking deposits from our communities and making loans 
to customers with local ties to our markets. We believe we have an innovative team providing financial services and 
focusing on the success of our customers. We are committed to being the leading community bank in the Pacific 
Northwest  by  continuously  improving  customer  satisfaction,  employee  empowerment,  community  investment  and 
shareholder value. Our commitment defines our relationships, sets expectations for our actions and directs decision-
making in these four fundamental areas. We will seek to achieve our business goals through the following strategies:

Expand geographically as opportunities present themselves.    We are committed to continuing the controlled 
expansion of our franchise through strategic acquisitions designed to increase our market share and enhance franchise 
value. We believe that consolidation across the community bank landscape will continue to take place and further 
believe that, with our capital and liquidity positions, our approach to credit management, and our extensive acquisition 
experience, we are well-positioned to take advantage of acquisitions or other business opportunities in our market 
areas. In markets where we wish to enter or expand our business, we will also consider opening de novo branches. 
In the past, we have successfully integrated acquired institutions and opened de novo branches. We will continue to 
be disciplined and opportunistic as it pertains to future acquisitions and de novo branching, focusing on the Pacific 
Northwest markets we know and understand.

Focus on Asset Quality.    A strong credit culture is a high priority for us. We have a well-developed credit 
approval structure that has enabled us to maintain a standard of asset quality that we believe is conservative while at 
the same time maintaining our lending objectives. We will continue to focus on loan types and markets that we know 
well and where we have a historical record of success. We focus on loan relationships that are well-diversified in both 
size and industry types. With respect to commercial business lending, which is our predominant lending activity, we 
view ourselves as cash-flow lenders obtaining additional support from realistic collateral values, personal guarantees 

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and secondary sources of repayment. We have a problem loan resolution process that is focused on quick detection 
and feasible solutions. We seek to maintain strong internal controls and subject our loans to periodic internal loan 
reviews.

Maintain Strong Balance Sheet.    In addition to our focus on underwriting, we believe that the strength of our 
balance sheet has allowed us to endure the economic downturn experienced by the Pacific Northwest more successfully 
than many of our competitors. As of December 31, 2017, the ratio of our allowance for loan losses to loans receivable, 
net was 1.13% and the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans was 299.79%. Our liquidity position 
was also strong, with $103.0 million in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017. As of December 31, 2017, 
the regulatory capital ratios of our subsidiary bank were well in excess of the levels required for “well-capitalized” 
status, and our consolidated common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-
based capital and leverage capital ratios were 11.3%, 12.8% 11.8% and 10.2%, respectively.

Deposit Growth.    Our strategic focus is to continuously grow deposits with emphasis on total relationship 
banking with our business and retail customers. We continue to seek to increase our market share in the communities 
we serve by providing exceptional customer service, focusing on relationship development with local businesses and 
strategic branch expansion. Our primary focus is to maintain a high level of non-maturity deposits to internally fund 
our loan growth with a low reliance on maturity (certificate) deposits. At December 31, 2017, as a percentage of our 
total deposits, non-maturity deposits were 88.3%. We maintain state-of-the-art technology-based products, including 
on-line personal financial management, business cash management and business remote deposit products that enable 
us to compete effectively with banks of all sizes. Our retail management team is well-seasoned and has strong ties to 
the communities we serve with a strong focus on relationship building and customer service.

Emphasize business relationships with a focus on commercial lending.    We will continue to market primarily 
commercial business loans and consumer loans with an emphasis on owner-occupied commercial real estate loans 
and the deposit balances that accompany these relationships. Our seasoned lending staff has extensive knowledge 
and can add value through a focused advisory role that we believe strengthens our customer relationships and develops 
loyalty. We currently have and will seek to maintain a diversified portfolio of lending relationships without concentrations 
in any industry.

Recruit  and  retain  highly  competent  personnel  to  execute  our  strategies.    Our  compensation  and  staff 
development programs are aligned with our strategies to grow our loans and core deposits while maintaining our focus 
on asset quality. Our incentive systems are designed to achieve balanced, high quality asset growth while maintaining 
appropriate  mechanisms  to  reduce  or  eliminate  incentive  payments  when  appropriate.  Our  equity  compensation 
programs and retirement benefits are designed to build and encourage employee ownership at all levels of the Company 
and we align employee performance objectives with corporate growth strategies and shareholder value. We have a 
strong corporate culture, which is supported by our commitment to internal development and promotion from within 
as well as the retention of management and officers in key roles. 

History

Heritage celebrated its 90th anniversary during 2017.  The Bank was established in 1927 as a federally charted 
mutual savings bank. In 1992, the Bank converted to a state charted mutual savings bank under the name Heritage 
Savings Bank. Through the mutual holding company reorganization of the Bank and the subsequent conversion of 
the mutual holding company, the Bank became a stock savings bank and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company 
effective August 1997. Effective September 1, 2004, Heritage Savings Bank switched its charter from a state chartered 
savings bank to a state chartered commercial bank and changed its legal name from Heritage Savings Bank to Heritage 
Bank.

The Company acquired North Pacific Bancorporation in June 1998 and Washington Independent Bancshares 
and  its  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  Central  Valley  Bank,  in  March  1999.  In  June  2006,  the  Company  completed  the 
acquisition of Western Washington Bancorp and its wholly owned subsidiary, Washington State Bank, N.A., at which 
time Washington State Bank, N.A. was merged into Heritage Bank. 

Effective July 30, 2010, Heritage Bank entered into a definitive agreement with the FDIC, pursuant to which 
Heritage Bank acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Cowlitz Bank, a Washington state-chartered 
commercial bank headquartered in Longview, Washington. The acquisition included nine branches of Cowlitz Bank, 
including its division Bay Bank, which opened as branches of Heritage Bank on August 2, 2010. The acquisition also 
included the Trust Services Division of Cowlitz Bank. 

Effective November 5, 2010, Heritage Bank entered into a definitive agreement with the FDIC, pursuant to 
which Heritage Bank acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of Pierce Commercial Bank, a Washington 
state-chartered commercial bank headquartered in Tacoma, Washington. The acquisition included one branch, which 
opened as a branch of Heritage Bank on November 8, 2010. 

5

On September 14, 2012, the Company announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement along with 
Heritage Bank, to acquire Northwest Commercial Bank, a full service commercial bank headquartered in Lakewood, 
Washington that operated two branch locations in Washington State. The acquisition was completed on January 9, 
2013, at which time Northwest Commercial Bank was merged with and into Heritage Bank. 

On March 11, 2013, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Valley Community Bancshares, 
Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Valley Bank, both headquartered in Puyallup, Washington and its eight branches. 
The acquisition was completed on July 15, 2013. 

On April 8, 2013, the Company announced the proposed merger of its two wholly-owned bank subsidiaries 
Central Valley Bank and Heritage Bank, with Central Valley Bank merging into Heritage Bank. The common control 
merger was completed on June 19, 2013. Central Valley Bank now operates as a division of Heritage Bank.

On October 23, 2013, the Company, the Bank, Washington Banking Company and its wholly owned subsidiary 
bank, Whidbey Island Bank, jointly announced the signing of a definitive merger agreement pursuant to which Heritage 
and Washington Banking Company entered into a strategic merger with Washington Banking Company merging into 
Heritage ("Washington Banking Merger"). Washington Banking Company branches adopted the Heritage Bank name 
in all markets, with the exception of six branches in Whidbey Island markets which continue to operate using the 
Whidbey Island Bank name, as a division of Heritage Bank. The Washington Banking Merger was completed on May 
1, 2014. 

On July 26, 2017, the Company announced the execution of a definitive agreement to purchase Puget Sound 
Bancorp,  Inc.,  ("Puget  Sound"),  the  holding  company  of  Puget  Sound  Bank,  a  business  bank  headquartered  in 
downtown Bellevue, Washington with one branch location (the "Puget Sound Merger"). Effective January 16, 2018, 
the Company completed the Puget Sound Merger. Heritage issued an aggregate of approximately 4.1 million shares 
of its common stock in the transaction. As of the acquisition date, Puget Sound merged into Heritage and Puget Sound 
Bank merged into Heritage Bank. As of December 31, 2017, Puget Sound had $556.0 million in total assets, $388.3 
million in total loans and $491.9 million in total deposits. For additional information regarding the transaction, see Note 
(24) Subsequent Events of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8 Financial Statements 
And Supplementary Data".

Retail Banking

We offer a full range of products and services to customers for personal and business banking needs designed 
to attract both short-term and long-term deposits. Deposits are our primary source of funds. Our personal and business 
banking customers have the option of selecting from a variety of accounts. The major categories of deposit accounts 
that we offer are described below. These accounts, with the exception of noninterest demand accounts, generally earn 
interest at rates established by management based on competitive market factors and management’s desire to increase 
or decrease certain types or maturities of deposits.

Noninterest Demand Deposits.    Noninterest demand deposits are noninterest bearing and may be charged 
service fees based on activity and balances.

Interest  Bearing  Demand  Deposits.    Interest  bearing  demand  deposits  are  interest  bearing  and  may  be 
charged  service  fees  based  on  activity  and  balances.  Interest  bearing  demand  deposits  pay  interest,  but 
require a higher minimum balance to avoid service charges.

Money Market Accounts.    Money market accounts pay an interest rate that is tiered depending on the balance 
maintained in the account. Minimum opening balances vary.

Savings Accounts.    We offer savings accounts that allow for unlimited deposits and withdrawals, provided 
that a $300 minimum balance is maintained.

Certificate  of  Deposit Accounts.    We  offer  several  types  of  certificate  of  deposit  accounts  with  maturities 
ranging from three months to five years, which require a minimum deposit of $2,500. Jumbo certificate of 
deposit accounts are offered in amounts of $100,000 or more for terms of 30 days to five years.

Personal checking accounts feature an array of benefits and options, including online banking and 
statements, mobile banking, mobile remote deposits, VISA debit cards and access to more than 25,000 surcharge 
free Automated Teller Machines ("ATMs") through the MoneyPass network. 

We also offer trust services through trust powers in the states of Washington and Oregon, and a Wealth 

Management department that provides objective advice from trusted advisors.

6

 
 
 
Lending Activities

Our lending activities are conducted through Heritage Bank. While our focus is on commercial business lending, 
we  also  originate  consumer  loans,  real  estate  construction  and  land  development  loans  and  one-to-four  family 
residential loans. Our loans are originated under policies that are reviewed and approved annually by our Board of 
Directors. In addition, we have established internal lending guidelines that are updated as needed. These policies and 
guidelines address underwriting standards, structure and rate considerations, and compliance with laws, regulations 
and internal lending limits. We conduct post-approval reviews on selected loans and routinely perform internal loan 
reviews of our loan portfolio to confirm credit quality, proper documentation and compliance with laws and regulations. 
Loan repayments are considered one of the primary sources of funding for the Bank.

The Company has acquired loans through mergers and acquisitions, which are designated as "purchased" 
loans. Prior to August 2015, certain purchased loans were covered under FDIC shared-loss agreements and were 
identified as "covered". The Company and the FDIC terminated the FDIC shared-loss agreements effective August 4, 
2015.  For  additional  information,  see  Note  (5)  FDIC  Indemnification Asset  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in "Item 8 Financial Statements And Supplementary Data".

Commercial Business Lending

We offer different types of commercial business loans, including lines of credit, term equipment financing and 
term  owner-occupied  and  non-owner  occupied  commercial  real  estate  loans.  We  also  originate  loans  that  are 
guaranteed by the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”), for which Heritage Bank is a “preferred lender.” Before 
extending credit to a business we review and analyze the borrower’s management ability, financial history, including 
cash flow of the borrower and all guarantors, and the liquidation value of the collateral. Emphasis is placed on having 
a comprehensive understanding of the borrower’s global cash flow and performing necessary financial due diligence.

At December 31, 2017 we had $2.25 billion, or 79.1%, of our total loans receivable in commercial business 
loans with an average outstanding loan balance of approximately $417,000 at December 31, 2017, excluding loans 
with no outstanding balance.

We originate commercial real estate loans within our primary market areas with a preference for loans secured 
by owner-occupied properties. Our underwriting standards require that commercial real estate loans not exceed 75% 
of the lower of appraised value at origination or cost of the underlying collateral. Cash flow debt coverage requirements 
range from 1.15 times to 1.25 times, depending on the type of property. We also stress test debt coverage using an 
“underwriting” interest rate that is higher than the note rate.

Commercial real estate loans typically involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential loans. 
Payments  on  loans  secured  by  commercial  real  estate  properties  are  dependent  on  successful  operation  and 
management of the properties and repayment of these loans may be affected by adverse conditions in the real estate 
market or the economy. We seek to minimize these risks by determining the financial condition of the borrower, the 
quality and value of the collateral, and the management of the property securing the loan. We also generally obtain 
personal guarantees from the owners of the collateral after a thorough review of personal financial statements. In 
addition, we review our commercial real estate loan portfolio annually for performance of individual loans, and stress-
test loans for potential changes in interest rates, occupancy, and collateral values.

See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our loan portfolio is concentrated in loans with a higher risk of loss—Repayment 
of our commercial business loans, consisting of commercial and industrial loans as well as owner-occupied and non-
owner occupied commercial real estate loans, is often dependent on the cash flows of the borrower, which may be 
unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.” See also “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our 
loan portfolio is concentrated in loans with a higher risk of loss—Our non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, 
which includes five or more family residential real estate loans, may involve higher principal amounts than other loans 
and repayment of these loans may be dependent on factors outside our control or the control of our borrowers.”

Beginning in third quarter of 2015, the Bank began entering into non-hedging interest rate swap contracts with 
its commercial customers to accommodate the business needs of borrowers. For additional information, see Note (15) 
Derivative  Financial  Instruments  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  included  in  "Item 8  Financial 
Statements And Supplementary Data". 

One-to-Four Family Residential Loans, Originations and Sales

At December 31, 2017, one-to-four family residential loans totaled $87.0 million. The majority of our one-to-
four  family  residential  loans  are  secured  by  single-family  residences  located  in  our  primary  market  areas.  Our 
underwriting standards require that one-to-four family residential loans generally are owner-occupied and do not exceed 
80% of the lower of appraised value at origination or cost of the underlying collateral. Terms typically range from 15 
to 30 years. 

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As part of our asset/liability management strategy, we typically sell a significant portion of our one-to-four family 
residential  loans  in  the  secondary  market  with  no  recourse  and  servicing  released.  See  "Item 7  Management’s 
Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations"—Asset/Liability Management. We did not 
service any of these sold loans during the years ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.

Real Estate Construction and Land Development

At December 31, 2017, we had $149.5 million of real estate construction and land development loans. We 
originate one-to-four family residential construction loans for the construction of custom homes (where the home buyer 
is the borrower). We also provide financing to builders for the construction of pre-sold homes and, in selected cases, 
to builders for the construction of speculative residential property. Because of the higher risks present in the residential 
construction  industry,  our  lending  to  builders  is  limited  to  those  who  have  demonstrated  a  favorable  record  of 
performance and who are building in markets that management understands.

We further endeavor to limit our construction lending risk through adherence to strict underwriting guidelines 
and procedures. Speculative construction loans are short term in nature and have a variable rate of interest. We require 
builders to have tangible equity in each construction project and have prompt and thorough documentation of all draw 
requests, and we inspect the project prior to paying any draw requests.

See “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Our loan portfolio is concentrated in loans with a higher risk of loss—Our real 
estate construction and land development loans are based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the 
completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate.”

Consumer

At December 31, 2017, we had $355.1 million of consumer loans. We originate consumer loans and lines of 
credit  that  are  both  secured  and  unsecured. The  majority  of  our  consumer  loans  are  for  relatively  small  amounts 
disbursed among many individual borrowers.

We also originate indirect consumer loans. These loans are for new and used automobile and recreational 
vehicles that are originated indirectly by selected dealers located in our market areas. We have limited our indirect 
loans purchased primarily to dealerships that are established and well-known in their market areas and to applicants 
that are not classified as sub-prime.

Liquidity

As  indicated  above,  our  primary  sources  of  funds  are  deposits  and  loan  repayments.  Scheduled  loan 
repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposits and unscheduled loan prepayments, which are 
influenced  significantly  by  general  interest  rate  levels,  interest  rates  available  on  other  investments,  competition, 
economic conditions and other factors, may not be stable. Customer deposits remain an important source of funding, 
but these balances have been influenced in the past by adverse market conditions in the industry and may be affected 
by future developments such as interest rate fluctuations and new competitive pressures. In addition to customer 
deposits,  management  may  utilize  brokered  deposits  on  an  as-needed  basis  and  repurchase  agreements.  At 
December 31, 2017 we had securities sold under agreement to repurchase of $31.8 million which were secured by 
investment securities available for sale.

As secondary sources of funding, we might utilize other borrowings on a short-term basis to compensate for 
reductions in other sources of funds (such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels). Borrowings may also be 
used on a longer-term basis to support expanded lending activities and match the maturity of repricing intervals of 
assets. Other borrowings include advances from Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Des Moines and other credit 
facilities.

Federal Home Loan Bank:

The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Des Moines which is one of 11 regional FHLBs that administer the home 
financing credit function of savings institutions. Each FHLB serves as a reserve or central bank for its member financial 
institutions  within  its  assigned  region. It  is  funded  primarily  from  proceeds  derived  from  the  sale  of  consolidated 
obligations of the FHLB system. It makes loans or advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures, 
established by the Board of Directors of the FHLB, which are subject to the oversight of the Federal Housing Finance 
Agency. We rely upon advances from the FHLB to supplement our supply of lendable funds and meet deposit withdrawal 
requirements. The FHLB of Des Moines serves as one of our secondary sources of liquidity. Advances are made 
pursuant to several different programs. Each credit program has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Depending 
on the program, limitations on the amount of advances are based on a percentage of an institution’s assets or on the 
FHLB’s assessment of the institution’s creditworthiness. Under its current credit policies, the FHLB of Des Moines 
limits advances to 35% of the Bank's assets.

8

 
Advances from the FHLB of Des Moines are typically secured by our first lien one-to-four family residential 
loans, commercial real estate loans and stock issued by the FHLB, which is owned by us. At December 31, 2017, the 
Bank maintained a credit facility with the FHLB of Des Moines in the amount of $881.1 million, of which $92.5 million
was advanced.

For membership purposes, the Bank is required to maintain an investment in the stock of the FHLB of Des 
Moines in an amount equal to 0.12% of the Bank's assets as calculated on an annual basis. At December 31, 2017
the Bank had an investment in FHLB stock carried at a cost basis (par value) of $8.3 million. In addition to the FHLB 
stock required for membership, the Bank must purchase activity stock equal to 4.0% of all outstanding borrowing 
balances. The activity stock is automatically redeemed in amounts equal to the FHLB advance balances as they are 
repaid.

Other borrowings:

In addition to liquidity provided by FHLB, the Bank maintained an uncommitted credit facility with the Federal 
Reserve Bank of San Francisco of $82.5 million, of which there were no advances or borrowings outstanding as of 
December 31,  2017. The  Bank  also  maintains  advance  lines  with  Wells  Fargo  Bank,  US  Bank, The  Independent 
Bankers Bank and Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bank to purchase federal funds of up to $90.0 million, of which there were 
no advances or borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2017. 

Supervision and Regulation

We are subject to extensive Federal and Washington State legislation, regulation, and supervision, which are 
primarily intended to protect depositors, the FDIC and shareholders. The laws and regulations affecting banks and 
bank holding companies have changed significantly particularly in connection with the enactment of the Dodd-Frank 
Act. Among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act established the Consumer Protection Financial Bureau (“CFPB”) as 
an independent bureau of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”). The CFPB 
assumed responsibility for the implementation of the federal financial consumer protection and fair lending laws and 
regulations and has authority to impose new requirements. See “—Other Regulatory Developments—The Dodd-Frank 
Act” herein for a discussion of this legislation. Any change in applicable laws, regulations, or regulatory policies may 
have a material effect on our business, operations, and prospects. We cannot predict the nature or the extent of the 
effects on our business and earnings that any fiscal or monetary policies or new Federal or State legislation may have 
in the future.

The following is a summary discussion of certain laws and regulations applicable to Heritage and Heritage 

Bank which is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual laws and regulations.

Heritage Financial    

As a registered bank holding company with the Federal Reserve, we are subject to comprehensive regulation 
and supervision by the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended ("BHCA"), and 
the regulations of the Federal Reserve. This regulation and supervision is generally intended to ensure that we limit 
our activities to those allowed by law and that we operate in a safe and sound manner without endangering the financial 
health of Heritage Bank. As a bank holding company supervised by the Federal Reserve, we are required to file annual 
and periodic reports with the Federal Reserve and provide additional information as the Federal Reserve may require. 
The Federal Reserve may examine us, and any of our subsidiaries, and assess us for the cost of such examination.

The Federal Reserve has extensive enforcement authority over bank holding companies, including, among 
other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease and desist or removal orders, or require that a 
holding company divest subsidiaries (including its bank subsidiary). In general, enforcement actions may be initiated 
for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. The Company is also required to file certain 
reports with, and otherwise comply with, the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). 
The Federal Reserve may also order termination of non-banking activities by non-banking subsidiaries of bank holding 
companies, or divestiture of ownership and control of a non-banking subsidiary by a bank holding company. Some 
violations may also result in criminal penalties. 

Under the BHCA, we are supervised by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve has a policy that a bank 
holding company is required to serve as a source of financial and managerial strength to its subsidiary banks and may 
not conduct its operations in an unsafe or unsound manner. In addition, the Dodd Frank Act and Federal Reserve 
policy provides that a bank holding company should serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary bank by having the 
ability to provide financial assistance to its subsidiary bank during periods of financial distress. A bank holding company’s 
failure to meet its obligation to serve as a source of strength to its subsidiary banks is generally considered by the 
Federal Reserve to be an unsafe and unsound banking practice or a violation of the Federal Reserve’s regulations or 
both.

9

 
Under the prompt corrective action provisions of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ("FDIA"), a bank holding 
company with an undercapitalized subsidiary bank must guarantee, within limitations, the capital restoration plan that 
is required to be implemented for its undercapitalized subsidiary bank. If an undercapitalized subsidiary bank fails to 
file an acceptable capital restoration plan or fails to implement an accepted plan the Federal Reserve may among 
other restrictions prohibit the bank holding company or its undercapitalized subsidiary bank from paying any dividend 
or making any other form of capital distribution without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve. Federal Reserve 
policy also provides that a bank holding company may pay cash dividends only to the extent that the company’s net 
income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividend and a rate of earnings retention that is consistent 
with the company’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. A bank holding company or bank that 
does not meet the capital conservation buffer requirement is subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends.  See 
“—Capital Adequacy” below. In addition, under Washington corporate law, companies generally may not pay dividends 
if after that payment the company would not be able to pay its liabilities as they become due in the usual course of 
business, or its total assets would be less than its total liabilities.

We, and any subsidiaries which we may control, are considered “affiliates” within the meaning of the Federal 
Reserve Act, and transactions between our bank subsidiary and affiliates are subject to numerous restrictions. With 
some exceptions, we and our subsidiaries are prohibited from tying the provision of various products or services, such 
as extensions of credit, to other products or services offered by us, or our affiliates.

Bank regulations require bank holding companies and banks to maintain a minimum “leverage” ratio of core 
capital to adjusted quarterly average total assets of at least 4%. In addition, banking regulators have adopted risk-
based capital guidelines under which risk percentages are assigned to various categories of assets and off-balance 
sheet  items  to  calculate  minimum  required  risk-weighted  capital  ratios.  Common  equity Tier  1  (“CET1”)  generally 
consists of common stock, retained earnings and certain other items. Tier 1 capital generally consists of common 
stockholders’ equity (which does not include unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale), 
less goodwill and certain identifiable intangible assets. Tier 2 capital includes Tier 1 capital plus the allowance for loan 
losses and subordinated debt, both subject to some limitations. Risk-based capital regulations require CET1 of 4.5% 
of risk-weighted assets, Tier 1 capital of 6% of risk-weighted assets and minimum total capital (combined Tier 1 and 
Tier 2) of 8% of risk-weighted assets. For additional information, see “—Capital Adequacy” below.

Subsidiary Bank    

Heritage Bank is a Washington-chartered commercial bank, the deposits of which are insured by the FDIC. 
Heritage Bank is subject to regulation by the FDIC and the Division of Banks of the Washington State Department of 
Financial Institutions ("Division").

Applicable Federal and State statutes and regulations which govern a bank’s operations relate to minimum 
capital  requirements,  required  reserves  against  deposits,  investments,  loans,  legal  lending  limits,  mergers  and 
consolidation, borrowings, issuance of securities, payment of dividends, establishment of branches, and other aspects 
of its operations, among other things. The Division and the FDIC also have authority to prohibit banks under their 
supervision from engaging in what they consider to be unsafe and unsound practices.

The  Bank  is  required  to  file  periodic  reports  with  the  FDIC  and  the  Division,  and  is  subject  to  periodic 
examinations  and  evaluations  by  those  regulatory  authorities.  Based  upon  these  evaluations,  the  regulators  may 
revalue the assets of an institution and require that it establish specific reserves to compensate for the differences 
between the determined value and the book value of such assets. These examinations must be conducted every 12 
months, with the exception that well-capitalized banks may be examined every 18 months. The FDIC and the Division 
may each accept the results of an examination by the other in lieu of conducting an independent examination.

Dividends paid by the Bank provide substantially all of our cash flow. The FDIC and the Division also have the 
general authority to restrict capital distributions by the Bank, including dividends paid by the Bank to Heritage. Such 
restrictions  are  tied  to  the  Bank’s  capital  levels  after  giving  effect  to  such  distributions.  For  additional  information 
regarding the restrictions on the payment of dividends, see "Item 5 Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related 
Stockholder Matters And Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities" herein.

Capital Adequacy    

The Federal Reserve and FDIC have issued substantially similar risk-based and leverage capital guidelines 
applicable to bank holding companies and banks. In addition, these regulatory agencies may from time to time require 
that a bank holding company or bank maintain capital above the minimum levels, based on its financial condition or 
actual or anticipated growth.

Effective  January  1,  2015  (with  some  changes  transitioned  into  full  effectiveness  over  several  years),  the 
Company and the Bank became subject to new capital regulations adopted by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC, 

10

 
 
which establish minimum required risk-based ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 and total capital, as well as a minimum 
leverage ratio risk-weightings of assets and certain other assets for purposes of the risk-based capital ratios; require 
an additional capital conservation buffer over the minimum required risk-based capital ratios; and define what qualifies 
as capital for purposes of meeting the capital requirements. These regulations implement the regulatory capital reforms 
required by the Dodd-Frank Act and the “Basel III” requirements.

Under these capital regulations, the minimum capital ratios are: (1) a CET1 capital ratio of 4.5% of risk-weighted 
assets; (2) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6.0% of risk-weighted assets; (3) a total capital ratio of 8.0% of risk-weighted assets; 
and (4) a leverage ratio (the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average total adjusted assets) of 4.0%.  CET1 generally consists 
of common stock; retained earnings; accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) unless an institution elects 
to exclude AOCI from regulatory capital; and certain minority interests; all subject to applicable regulatory adjustments 
and deductions. Tier 1 capital generally consists of CET1 and noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital 
generally consists of other preferred stock and subordinated debt meeting certain conditions plus an amount of the 
allowance for loan and lease losses up to 1.25% of assets. Total capital is the sum of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital.

In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1, leverage ratio and total capital ratios, the Company and the Bank 
must maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted 
assets  above  the  required  minimum  risk-based  capital  levels  in  order  to  avoid  limitations  on  paying  dividends, 
repurchasing shares, and paying discretionary bonuses.  The new capital conservation buffer requirement began to 
be phased in on January 1, 2016, when requiring a buffer greater than 0.625% of risk-weighted assets, was required 
which amount increases 0.625% each year until the buffer requirement is fully implemented on January 1, 2019.

To be considered "well capitalized," a bank holding company must have, on a consolidated basis, a total risk-
based capital ratio of 10.0% or greater and a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or greater and must not be subject 
to an individual order, directive or agreement under which the Federal Reserve requires it to maintain a specific capital 
level. To be considered “well capitalized,” a depository institution must have a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of at least 
8%, a total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, a CET1 capital ratio of at least 6.5% and a leverage ratio of at least 
5%  and  not  be  subject  to  an  individualized  order,  directive  or  agreement  under  which  its  primary  federal  banking 
regulator requires it to maintain a specific capital level.  As of December 31, 2017, the Company and the Bank met 
the requirements to be "well capitalized" and the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer requirement.

  For  a  complete  description  of  the  Company’s  and  the  Bank's  required  and  actual  capital  levels  as  of 
December 31, 2017, see Note (21) Regulatory Capital Requirements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
included in "Item 8 Financial Statements And Supplementary Data".

Prompt Corrective Action    

Federal  statutes  establish  a  supervisory  framework  for  FDIC-insured  institutions  based  on  five  capital 
categories:  well  capitalized,  adequately  capitalized,  undercapitalized,  significantly  undercapitalized  and  critically 
undercapitalized. An  institution’s  category  depends  upon  where  its  capital  levels  are  in  relation  to  relevant  capital 
measures. The well capitalized category is described above. An institution that is not well capitalized is subject to 
certain restrictions on brokered deposits, including restrictions on the rates it can offer on its deposits generally. To be 
considered adequately capitalized, an institution must have the minimum capital ratios described above. Any institution 
which is neither well capitalized nor adequately capitalized is considered undercapitalized.

Undercapitalized institutions are subject to certain prompt corrective action requirements, regulatory controls 
and restrictions which become more extensive as an institution becomes more severely undercapitalized. Failure by 
Heritage Bank to comply with applicable capital requirements would result in progressively more severe restrictions 
on its activities and lead to enforcement actions, including, but not limited to, the issuance of a capital directive to 
ensure  the  maintenance  of  required  capital  levels  and,  ultimately,  the  appointment  of  the  FDIC  as  receiver  or 
conservator. Banking regulators will take prompt corrective action with respect to depository institutions that do not 
meet minimum capital requirements. Additionally, approval of any regulatory application filed for their review may be 
dependent on compliance with capital requirements.

As of December 31, 2017, the Bank met the requirements to be classified as “well capitalized.” See Note (21) 
Regulatory Capital Requirements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in "Item 8 Financial 
Statements And Supplementary Data".

Classification of Loans    

Federal regulations require the Bank to periodically evaluate the risks inherent in its loan portfolio. In addition, 
the Division and the FDIC have the authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be reclassified. 
There are three classifications for problem loans: Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Substandard loans have one or 
more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if 

11

 
 
 
the  deficiencies  are  not  corrected.  Doubtful  loans  have  the  weaknesses  of  Substandard  loans,  with  additional 
characteristics  that  the  weaknesses  make  collection  or  liquidation  in  full  on  the  basis  of  currently  existing  facts, 
conditions, and values questionable. There is a high probability of some loss in loans classified as Doubtful. A loan 
classified as Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a loan of the institution is not 
warranted. If a loan or a portion of the loan is classified as Loss, the institution must charge-off this amount. 

Deposit Insurance and Other FDIC Programs    

The deposits of the Bank are insured up to $250,000 per separately insured depositor by the Deposit Insurance 
Fund, which is administered by the FDIC. The FDIC is an independent federal agency that insures the deposits, up 
to  applicable  limits,  of  depository  institutions. As  insurer  of  the  Bank's  deposits,  the  FDIC  has  supervisory  and 
enforcement authority over Heritage Bank and this insurance is backed by the full faith and credit of the United States 
government. As insurer, the FDIC imposes deposit insurance premiums and is authorized to conduct examinations of 
and to require reporting by institutions insured by the FDIC. It also may prohibit any FDIC-insured institution from 
engaging in any activity determined by regulation or order to pose a serious risk to the institution and the Deposit 
Insurance Fund. The FDIC also has the authority to initiate enforcement actions and may terminate the deposit insurance 
if it determines that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices or is in an unsafe or unsound condition.

The Dodd-Frank Act requires the FDIC’s deposit insurance assessments to be based on assets instead of 
deposits. The FDIC issued rules under which the assessment base for a bank is equal to its total average consolidated 
assets less average tangible capital. Under current rules, initial base assessment rates now range from three basis 
points to 30 basis points and will increase as the reserve ratio increases.  The reserve ratio is the ratio of the net worth 
of the Deposit Insurance Fund to aggregate insured deposits. When the reserve ratio for the prior assessment period 
is equal to, or greater than 2.0% and less than 2.5%, the initial base assessment rates will range from two basis points 
to 28 basis points and when the prior assessment period is greater than 2.5%, the initial base assessment rates will 
range from one basis point to 25 basis points. All initial base assessment rates are case subject to adjustments for 
unsecured debt issued by a bank, unsecured debt issued by other FDIC-insured institutions and held by the bank, and 
brokered deposits held by a bank. No institution may pay a dividend if it is in default on its federal deposit insurance 
assessment.

Other Regulatory Developments    

Significant federal legislation affecting banking has been enacted in recent years. The following summarizes 

some of such recent significant federal legislation.

The Dodd-Frank Act.   The  Dodd-Frank-Act  imposes  new  restrictions  and  an  expanded  framework  of 
regulatory oversight for financial institutions, including depository institutions and implements new capital regulations 
that we are subject to and that are discussed above under “—Capital Adequacy.”

The federal banking and securities regulators have issued final rules to implement Section 619 of the Dodd-
Frank Act, commonly known as the “Volcker Rule” pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act. Generally, subject to a transition 
period and certain exceptions, the Volcker Rule restricts insured depository institutions and their affiliated companies 
from engaging in short-term proprietary trading of certain securities, investing in funds with collateral comprised of any 
loans that are not registered with the SEC and from engaging in hedging activities that do not hedge a specific identified 
risk. In accordance with the transition period, the Volcker Rule prohibitions and restrictions apply to banking entities, 
including the Company and the Bank, unless an exception applies. We are continuously reviewing our investment 
portfolio to determine if changes to our investment strategies may be required in order to comply with the various 
provisions of the Volcker Rule.

In addition, among other changes, the Dodd-Frank Act requires public companies, like us, to (i) provide their 
shareholders with a non-binding vote (a) at least once every three years on the compensation paid to executive officers 
and (b) at least once every six years on whether they should have a “say on pay” vote every one, two or three years; 
(ii) have a separate, non-binding shareholder vote regarding golden parachutes for named executive officers when a 
shareholder  vote  takes  place  on  mergers,  acquisitions,  dispositions  or  other  transactions  that  would  trigger  the 
parachute payments; (iii) provide disclosure in annual proxy materials concerning the relationship between the executive 
compensation paid and the financial performance of the issuer; and (iv) amend Item 402 of Regulation S-K to require 
companies to disclose the ratio of the Chief Executive Officer's annual total compensation to the median annual total 
compensation of all other employees. 

12

 
 
 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act.   As a public company that files periodic reports with the SEC, under the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, Heritage is subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 ("Sarbanes-Oxley Act"), which addresses, 
among  other  issues,  corporate  governance,  auditing  and  accounting,  executive  compensation  and  enhanced  and 
timely disclosure of corporate information.

The  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  represents  significant  federal  involvement  in  matters  traditionally  left  to  state 
regulatory  systems,  such  as  the  regulation  of  the  accounting  profession,  and  to  state  corporate  law,  such  as  the 
relationship between a board of directors and management and between a board of directors and its committees. Our 
policies and procedures have been updated to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Website Access to Company Reports

We post publicly available reports required to be filed with the SEC on our website, www.hf-wa.com, as soon 
as reasonably practicable after filing such reports. The required reports are available free of charge through our website.

Code of Ethics

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and 
controller. We have posted the text of our Code of Ethics at www.hf-wa.com in the section titled Overview: Governance 
Documents. Any waivers of the code of ethics will be publicly disclosed to shareholders.

Competition

We compete for loans and deposits with other commercial banks, credit unions, mortgage bankers, and other 
institutions in the scope and type of services offered, interest rates paid on deposits, pricing of loans, and number and 
locations of branches, among other things. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do. 
Particularly in times of high or rising interest rates, we also face significant competition for investors’ funds from short-
term money market securities and other corporate and government securities.

We compete for loans principally through the range and quality of the services we provide, interest rates and 
loan fees, and the locations of our Bank's branches. We actively solicit deposit-related clients and compete for deposits 
by offering depositors a variety of savings accounts, checking accounts, cash management and other services.

Employees

We had 735 full-time equivalent employees at December 31, 2017. We believe that employees play a vital 
role in the success of a service company. Employees are provided with a variety of benefits such as medical, vision, 
dental and life insurance, a retirement plan, and paid vacations and sick leave. None of our employees are covered 
by a collective bargaining agreement.

Executive Officers

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the executive officers of the Company at 

December 31, 2017.

Name

Brian L. Vance

Jeffrey J. Deuel

Donald J. Hinson

David A. Spurling

Bryan McDonald (1)

Age as of
December 31,
2017

Position

63 President and Chief Executive

Officer of Heritage; Chief
Executive Officer of Heritage Bank

59 Executive Vice President of

Heritage; President and Chief
Operating Officer of Heritage
Bank

56 Executive Vice President and Chief
Financial Officer of Heritage and
Heritage Bank

64 Executive Vice President and Chief

Credit Officer of Heritage and
Heritage Bank

46 Executive Vice President and Chief
Lending Officer of Heritage Bank

Has Served the 
Company or 
Heritage Bank 
Since

1996

2010

2005

2001

2014

(1) Former executive officer of Washington Banking Company.

The business experience of each executive officer is set forth below.

13

 
 
Brian L. Vance is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage 
Bank as well as a director of Heritage.  Mr. Vance was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage 
and Heritage Bank in 2006.  In 2003, Mr. Vance was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage Bank 
and in 1998, Mr. Vance was named President and Chief Operating Officer of Heritage Bank. Mr. Vance joined Heritage 
Bank in 1996 as its Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer. Prior to joining Heritage Bank, Mr. Vance was 
employed for 24 years with West One Bank, a bank with offices in Idaho, Utah, Oregon and Washington. Prior to 
leaving West One, he was Senior Vice President and Regional Manager of Banking Operations for the south Puget 
Sound region.

Jeffrey J. Deuel was promoted to President and Chief Operating Officer of Heritage Bank and Executive Vice 
President of Heritage in September 2012.  In November 2010, Mr. Deuel was named Executive Vice President and 
Chief Operating Officer of Heritage Bank and Executive Vice President of the Company. Mr. Deuel joined Heritage 
Bank  in  February  2010  as  Executive  Vice  President.  Mr. Deuel  came  to  the  Company  with  28  years  of  banking 
experience and most recently held the position of Executive Vice President Commercial Operations with JPMorgan 
Chase, formerly Washington Mutual. Prior to joining Washington Mutual, Mr. Deuel was based in Philadelphia where 
he  worked  for  Bank  United,  First  Union  Bank,  CoreStates  Bank,  and  First  Pennsylvania  Bank.  During  his  career 
Mr. Deuel held a variety of leadership positions in commercial banking including lending, retail and support services, 
corporate strategies, credit administration, and portfolio management. He earned his Bachelor’s degree at Gettysburg 
College.

Donald J. Hinson became Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Heritage and Heritage Bank 
in September 2012. In 2007, Mr. Hinson was appointed the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Heritage 
and Heritage Bank. Mr. Hinson joined Heritage Bank in 2005 as Vice President and Controller. Prior to that, he served 
in the banking audit practice of local and national accounting firms of Knight, Vale and Gregory and RSM McGladrey 
from 1994 to 2005. Mr. Hinson holds a Bachelor's of Science degree in Accounting from Central Washington University 
and is a licensed Certified Public Accountant.

David A. Spurling became Executive Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of Heritage and Heritage Bank 
in January 2014. Prior to that, he was the Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer of Heritage Bank beginning 
in 2007.  Mr. Spurling joined Heritage Bank in 2001 as a commercial lender, followed by a role as a commercial team 
leader. He began his banking career as a middle market lender at Seafirst Bank, followed by positions as a commercial 
lender at Bank of America in Small Business Banking and as a regional manager for Bank of America’s government-
guaranteed lending division. Mr. Spurling holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration from the University of 
Washington and is Credit Risk Certified by the Risk Management Association.

Bryan McDonald became Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer of Heritage Bank upon completion 
of the Washington Banking Merger effective on May 1, 2014. Prior to that, Mr. McDonald had served as President and 
Chief Executive Officer of Whidbey Island Bank since January 1, 2012. Mr. McDonald joined Whidbey Island Bank in 
2006 as Commercial Banking Manager and he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Whidbey 
Island Bank from April 1, 2010 until his promotion to Executive Vice President on August 26, 2010. Mr. McDonald has 
been serving in the banking industry since 1994, including in regional commercial lending management roles since 
1996 for Washington Mutual and Peoples Bank. Mr. McDonald holds a Bachelor's and Master’s Degree in Business 
Administration from Washington State University.

ITEM 1A.  

RISK FACTORS

We assume and manage a certain degree of risk in order to conduct our business strategy. The following 
provides a discussion of certain risks that management believes are specific to our business. This discussion should 
not be viewed as an all-inclusive list or in any particular order.

Our strategy of pursuing acquisitions and de novo branching exposes us to financial and operational risks 
that could adversely affect us.

We are pursuing a strategy of supplementing organic growth by acquiring other financial institutions or their 
businesses  that  we  believe  will  help  us  fulfill  our  strategic  objectives  and  enhance  our  earnings.  There  are  risks 
associated with this strategy, however, including the following:

• 

• 

• 

we may be exposed to potential asset quality issues or unknown or contingent liabilities of the banks, 
businesses, assets and liabilities we acquire. If these issues or liabilities exceed our estimates, our 
results of operations and financial condition may be materially negatively affected;

higher than expected deposit attrition; 

potential diversion of our management's time and attention;

14

 
• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

prices at which acquisitions can be made fluctuate with market conditions. We have experienced times 
during which acquisitions could not be made in specific markets at prices we considered acceptable 
and expect that we may continue to experience this condition in the future;

the acquisition of other entities generally requires integration of systems, procedures and personnel 
of  the  acquired  entity  into  our  company  to  make  the  transaction  economically  successful.  This 
integration process is complicated and time consuming and can also be disruptive to the customers 
of the acquired business. If the integration process is not conducted successfully and with minimal 
effect on the acquired business and its customers, we may not realize the anticipated economic benefits 
of an acquisition within the expected time frame, and we may lose customers or employees of the 
acquired business. We may also experience greater than anticipated customer losses even if the 
integration process is successful. These risks may be present in our merger with Puget Sound that 
was completed during the first quarter of 2018; 

to finance an acquisition, we may borrow funds, thereby increasing our leverage and diminishing our 
liquidity, or raise additional capital, which could dilute the interests of our existing shareholders;

from 2006 through 2017, we completed six acquisitions or mergers, including one acquisition in 2006, 
two acquisitions during 2010, two acquisitions during 2013 and one merger in 2014 that enhanced 
our rate of growth. In addition, we completed the Puget Sound Merger during the first quarter of 2018. 
We may not be able to continue to sustain our past rate of growth or to grow at all in the future;

we expect our net income will increase following our acquisitions; however, we also expect our general 
and administrative expenses and consequently our efficiency ratios will also increase. Ultimately, we 
would  expect  our  efficiency  ratio  to  improve;  however,  if  we  are  not  successful  in  our  integration 
process,  this  may  not  occur,  and  our  acquisitions  or  branching  activities  may  not  be  accretive  to 
earnings in the short or long-term; and

to the extent our costs of an acquisition exceed the fair value of the net assets acquired, the acquisition 
will generate goodwill. As discussed below under “-If the goodwill we have recorded in connection 
with acquisitions become impaired, our earnings and capital could be reduced,” we are required to 
assess our goodwill for impairment at least annually, and any goodwill impairment charge could have 
a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our business strategy includes significant growth plans, and our financial condition and results of operations 
could be negatively affected if we are not successful in executing this strategy or if we fail to grow or manage 
our growth effectively.

We  intend  to  pursue  a  growth  strategy  for  our  business.  We  regularly  evaluate  potential  acquisitions  and 
expansion opportunities. If appropriate opportunities present themselves, we expect to engage in selected acquisitions 
of financial institutions in the future, including branch acquisitions, or other business growth initiatives or undertakings. 
There can be no assurance that we will successfully identify appropriate opportunities, that we will be able to negotiate 
or finance such activities or that such activities, if undertaken, will be successful.

Our growth initiatives may require us to recruit experienced personnel to assist in such initiatives, which will 
increase our compensation costs. In addition, the failure to identify and retain such personnel would place significant 
limitations on our ability to successfully execute our growth strategy. To the extent we expand our lending beyond our 
current market areas, we also could incur additional risk related to those new market areas. We may not be able to 
expand our market presence in our existing market areas or successfully enter new markets.

If we do not successfully execute our acquisition growth plan, it could adversely affect our business, financial 
condition, results of operations, reputation and growth prospects. In addition, if we were to conclude that the value of 
an acquired business had decreased and that the related goodwill had been impaired, that conclusion would result in 
an impairment of goodwill charge to us, which would adversely affect our results of operations. While we believe we 
have the executive management resources and internal systems in place to successfully manage our future growth, 
there can be no assurance that suitable growth opportunities will be available or that we will successfully manage our 
growth. See “-If the goodwill we have recorded in connection with acquisitions becomes impaired, our earnings and 
capital could be reduced” and “-Our strategy of pursuing acquisitions and de novo branching exposes us to financial 
and operational risks that could adversely affect us” for additional risks related to our acquisition strategy.

The required accounting treatment of purchased loans we acquire through acquisitions could result in 
higher net interest margins and interest income in current periods and lower net interest margins and 
interest income in future periods.

15

Under generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), we are required to record purchased loans acquired 
through acquisitions at fair value, which may differ from the outstanding balance of such loans. Estimating the fair 
value  of  such  loans  requires  management  to  make  estimates  based  on  available  information  and  facts  and 
circumstances on the acquisition date. Actual performance could differ from management’s initial estimates. If these 
loans  outperform  our  original  fair  value  estimates,  the  difference  between  our  original  estimate  and  the  actual 
performance of the loan (the “discount”) is accreted into net interest income. This accretable yield may change due to 
changes in expected timing and amount of future cash flows. The yields on our loans could decline as our acquired 
loan portfolio pays down or matures, and we expect downward pressure on our interest income to the extent that the 
runoff on our acquired loan portfolio is not replaced with comparable high-yielding loans. This could result in higher 
net interest margins and interest income in current periods and lower net interest rate margins and lower interest 
income in future periods.

We operate in a highly regulated environment and may be adversely affected by changes in federal and state 
laws and regulations that increase our costs of operations.

The financial services industry is extensively regulated. We are subject to extensive examination, supervision 
and comprehensive regulation by the Federal Reserve, and Heritage Bank is subject to examination, supervision and 
comprehensive regulation by the FDIC and the Division. The Federal Reserve, FDIC and Division govern the activities 
in which we may engage, primarily for the protection of depositors and the Deposit Insurance Fund. These regulatory 
authorities have extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities, including the 
ability to impose requirements for additional capital, restrictions on operations, the reclassification of assets, and the 
determination of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and level of deposit insurance premiums assessed. 
These bank regulators also have the ability to impose conditions in the approval of merger and acquisition transactions.

As  discussed  under  Item  1  "Business"—Capital  Adequacy  of  this  Form  10-K,  the  Dodd-Frank  Act  has 
significantly changed the bank regulatory structure and affected the lending, deposit, investment, trading and operating 
activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. The Dodd-Frank Act requires various federal agencies 
to adopt a broad range of new implementing rules and regulations, and to prepare numerous studies and reports for 
Congress. The federal agencies have significant discretion in drafting and implementing rules and regulations. It is 
difficult at this time to predict when or how any new standards will ultimately be applied to us or what specific impact 
the Dodd-Frank Act and the yet to be written implementing rules and regulations will have on community banks. The 
current administration has indicated that it would like to see changes made to certain financial reform regulations, 
including the Dodd-Frank Act, which has resulted in increased regulatory uncertainty, and we are assessing the potential 
impact on financial and economic markets and on our business. Changes in federal policy and at regulatory agencies 
are expected to occur over time through policy and personnel changes, which could lead to changes involving the 
level of oversight and focus on the financial services industry. The nature, timing and economic and political effects of 
potential changes to the current legal and regulatory framework affecting financial institutions remain highly uncertain. 
If changes to the Dodd-Frank Act or the rules and regulations implementing the Act are made, such changes could 
offset the otherwise anticipated increase in operating and compliance costs (included in noninterest expense); however, 
no assurance can be given as to whether such changes will occur or what may result from such changes. 

Our loan portfolio is concentrated in loans with a higher risk of loss.

Repayment of our commercial business loans, consisting of commercial and industrial loans as well as owner-
occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, is often dependent on the cash flows of the borrower, 
which may be unpredictable, and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value.  We offer different types 
of  commercial  loans  to  a  variety  of  businesses  with  a  focus  on  real  estate  related  industries  and  businesses  in 
agricultural, healthcare, legal, and other professions. The types of commercial loans offered are business lines of 
credit, term equipment financing and term real estate loans. We also originate loans that are guaranteed by the SBA, 
and are a “preferred lender” of the SBA. Commercial business lending involves risks that are different from those 
associated with real estate lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral based lending with 
loan  amounts  established  on  predetermined  loan  to  collateral  values  and  liquidation  of  the  underlying  real  estate 
collateral being viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Our commercial business 
loans are primarily made based on our assessment of the cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying 
collateral provided by the borrower. The borrower's cash flow may be unpredictable, and collateral securing these 
loans may fluctuate in value. Although commercial business loans are often collateralized by equipment, inventory, 
accounts receivable or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of default is often an insufficient 
source of repayment because accounts receivable may be uncollectible and inventories may be obsolete or of limited 
use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of commercial business loans depends primarily on the cash 
flow and creditworthiness of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. In 
addition, as part of our commercial business lending activities, we originate agricultural loans. Agricultural lending 

16

 
involves a greater degree of risk and typically involves higher principal amounts than other types of loans. Payments 
on agricultural loans are typically dependent on the profitable operation or management of the related farm property. 
The success of the farm may be affected by many factors outside the control of the borrower, including adverse weather 
conditions that prevent the planting of a crop or limit crop yields (such as hail, drought and floods), declines in market 
prices  for  agricultural  products  (both  domestically  and  internationally)  and  the  impact  of  government  regulations 
(including  changes  in  price  supports,  subsidiaries  and  environmental  regulations).  In  addition,  many  farms  are 
dependent on a limited number of key individuals whose injury or death may significantly affect the successful operation 
of the farm. If the cash flow from a farming operation is diminished, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be 
impaired.

At December 31, 2017, our commercial business loans (consisting of commercial and industrial loans, owner-
occupied commercial real estate loans and non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans) totaled $2.25 billion, 
or approximately 79.1% of our total loan portfolio. Approximately $9.1 million, or 0.4%, of our total commercial business 
loans were nonperforming at December 31, 2017. The majority of the nonperforming commercial business loans were 
owner-occupied commercial real estate loans.

Our non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans, which include five or more family residential real estate 
loans, involve higher principal amounts than other loans and repayment of these loans may be dependent on factors 
outside our control or the control of our borrowers. We originate commercial and five or more family residential real 
estate loans for individuals and businesses for various purposes, which are secured by commercial properties. These 
loans typically involve higher principal amounts than other types of loans, and repayment is dependent upon income 
generated, or expected to be generated, by the property securing the loan in amounts sufficient to cover operating 
expenses and debt service, which may be adversely affected by changes in the economy or local market conditions. 
For example, if the cash flow from the borrower’s project is reduced as a result of leases not being obtained or renewed, 
the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired.

Commercial and five or more family residential real estate loans also expose us to greater credit risk than 
loans secured by one-to-four family residential real estate because the collateral securing these loans typically cannot 
be sold as easily as one-to-four family residential real estate. In addition, many of our commercial and five or more 
family residential real estate loans are not fully amortizing and contain large balloon payments upon maturity. Such 
balloon payments may require the borrower to either sell or refinance the underlying property in order to make the 
payment, which may increase the risk of default or non-payment. If we foreclose on a commercial and five or more 
family residential real estate loan, our holding period for the collateral typically is longer than for one-to-four family 
residential loans because there are fewer potential purchasers of the collateral. Additionally, commercial and five or 
more family residential real estate loans generally have relatively large balances to single borrowers or related groups 
of borrowers. Accordingly, if we make any errors in judgment regarding the collectability of our commercial and five or 
more family residential real estate loans, any resulting charge-offs may be larger on a per loan basis than those incurred 
with our residential or consumer loan portfolios.

As of December 31, 2017, our non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans totaled $986.6 million, or 
34.6% of our total loan portfolio. Approximately $1.9 million, or 0.2%, of our non-owner occupied commercial real 
estate loans were nonperforming at December 31, 2017.

Our real estate construction and land development loans are based upon estimates of costs and the related 
value associated with the completed project. These estimates may be inaccurate.    Construction lending can involve 
a higher level of risk than other types of lending because funds are advanced partially based upon the value of the 
project, which is uncertain prior to the project’s completion. Changes in demand for new housing and higher than 
anticipated  building  costs  may  cause  actual  results  to  vary  significantly  from  those  estimated.  Because  of  the 
uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs as well as the market value of a completed project and the 
effects of governmental regulation of real property, our estimates with regards to the total funds required to complete 
a project and the related loan-to-value ratio may vary from actual results. If the estimate of value upon completion 
proves to be inaccurate, we may be confronted at, or prior to, the maturity of the loan with a project the value of which 
is insufficient to assure full repayment.  In addition, speculative construction loans to a builder are often associated 
with homes that are not pre-sold, and thus pose a greater potential risk to us than construction loans to individuals on 
their personal residences.  Loans on land under development or held for future construction also pose additional risk 
because of the lack of income being produced by the property and the potential illiquid nature of the collateral. These 
risks  can  be  significantly  impacted  by  supply  and  demand.  As  a  result,  this  type  of  lending  often  involves  the 
disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project and the 
ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or refinance the indebtedness, rather than the ability of the borrower 
or guarantor to independently repay principal and interest. If our estimate of the value of a project at completion proves 
to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for repayment of the loan and may incur a loss.

17

As of December 31, 2017, our real estate construction and land development loans totaled $149.5 million, or 
5.2% of our total loan portfolio. Of these loans, $52.0 million, or 1.8% of our total loan portfolio, were one-to-four family 
residential construction related and $97.5 million, or 3.4% of our total loan portfolio, were five or more family residential 
and commercial property construction related. Approximately $1.2 million, or 0.8%, of our total construction and land 
development loans were nonperforming at December 31, 2017.

Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our loan portfolio.

Lending money is a substantial part of our business. Every loan carries a certain risk that it will not be repaid 
in accordance with its terms or that any underlying collateral will not be sufficient to assure repayment. This risk is 
affected by, among other things:

• 
• 

• 
• 
• 

the cash flow of the borrower, guarantors and/or the project being financed;
the changes and uncertainties as to the future value of the collateral, in the case of a collateralized 
loan;
the character and creditworthiness of a particular borrower or guarantor;
changes in economic and industry conditions; and
the duration of the loan.

We maintain an allowance for loan losses, which is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses 
charged against earnings, which we believe is appropriate to absorb probable incurred losses in our loan portfolio. 
The  amount  of  this  allowance  is  determined  by  our  management  through  a  periodic  comprehensive  review  and 
consideration of several factors, including, but not limited to:

• 
• 

• 

our general reserve, based on our historical default and loss experience;
our  specific  reserve,  based  on  our  evaluation  of  impaired  loans  and  their  underlying  collateral  or 
discounted cash flows; and
current  macroeconomic  factors,  regulatory  requirements  and  management’s  expectation  of  future 
events.

The determination of the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses inherently involves a high degree 
of subjectivity and requires us to make significant estimates of current credit risks and future trends, all of which may 
undergo material changes. Deterioration in economic conditions affecting borrowers, new information regarding existing 
loans, identification of additional problem loans and other factors, both within and outside of our control, may require 
an increase in the allowance for loan losses. If current conditions in the housing and real estate markets weaken, we 
expect we will experience increased delinquencies and credit losses. In addition, bank regulatory agencies periodically 
review our allowance for loan losses and may require an increase in the provision for loan losses or the recognition 
of further loan charge-offs, based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. 
In addition, if charge-offs in future periods exceed the allowance for loan losses we will need additional provisions to 
increase the allowance for loan losses. 

The FASB has adopted a new accounting standard that will be effective for our first fiscal year beginning after 
December  15,  2019.  This  standard,  referred  to  as  Current  Expected  Credit  Loss  ("CECL")  will  require  financial 
institutions to determine periodic estimates of lifetime expected credit losses on loans and recognize the expected 
credit losses as allowances for credit losses. This will change the current method of providing allowances for credit 
losses that are probable, which may require us to increase our allowance for loan losses, and may greatly increase 
the types of data we would need to collect and review to determine the appropriate level of the allowance for credit 
losses. Any increases in the allowance for loan losses will result in a decrease in net income and possibly capital, and 
may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our allowance for loan losses is not adequate, we may be required to make further increases in our provision 
for loan losses and charge-off additional loans, which could adversely affect our results of operations and 
our capital.

For the year ended December 31, 2017 we recorded a provision for loan losses of $4.2 million compared to 
$4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. We recorded net charge-offs of loans of $3.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 compared to $3.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. At December 31, 2017
our total nonperforming loans were $10.7 million, or 0.38% of loans receivable, net, compared to $10.9 million or 0.41%
of loans receivable, net, at December 31, 2016. Generally, our nonperforming loans reflect operating difficulties of 
individual borrowers, which may be the result of current economic conditions. If economic conditions deteriorate, we 
expect that we could experience significantly higher delinquencies and loan charge-offs. As a result, we may be required 
to  make  further  increases  in  our  provision  for  loan  losses  in  the  future,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  financial 
condition and results of operations, perhaps materially.

18

General economic conditions tend to impact loan segments at varying degrees. At December 31, 2017, our 
owner-occupied  commercial  real  estate  loans  had  the  greatest  percentage  of  nonaccrual  loans  of  38.2%  as  the 
borrowers  are  primarily  business  owners  whose  business  results  are  influenced  by  economic  conditions.  Our 
commercial  and  industrial  loan  portfolio,  which  contained  29.1%  of  our  nonaccrual  loans  at  December 31,  2017, 
generally has a large percentage of nonperforming loans because of the same reason as owner-occupied commercial 
real estate loans noted above as well as impact of the types of collateral generally securing these loans which are less 
marketable than commercial real estate. Our non-owner occupied portfolio, which contained 17.7% of our nonaccrual 
loans at December 31, 2017, also has a large percentage of nonperforming loans because of the same reason as 
owner-occupied commercial real estate loans noted above. 

The current economic condition in the market areas we serve may adversely impact our earnings and could 
increase the credit risk associated with our loan portfolio.

Substantially all of our loans are to businesses and individuals in the states of Washington and Oregon. A 
decline in the economies of our primary market areas of the Pacific Northwest in which we operate could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, weakness 
in the global economy has adversely affected many businesses operating in our markets that are dependent upon 
international trade and it is not known how the withdrawal by the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership 
trade agreement may affect these businesses.

While real estate values and unemployment rates have improved, a deterioration in economic conditions in 
our market areas of the Pacific Northwest could result in the following consequences, any of which could have a 
materially adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations:

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

• 

• 

loan delinquencies, problem assets and foreclosures may increase;
the sale of foreclosed assets may be slow;
our provision for loan losses may increase;
demand for our products and services may decline, possibly resulting in a decrease in our total loans;
collateral for loans made may decline further in value, exposing us to increased risk of loss on existing 
loans;
the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments 
to us; and
the amount of our deposits may decrease and the composition of our deposits may be adversely 
affected.

Many of the loans in our portfolio are secured by real estate. Deterioration in the real estate markets where 
collateral for a mortgage loan is located could negatively affect the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and the value 
of the collateral securing the loan. Real estate values are affected by various other factors, including changes in general 
or regional economic conditions, governmental rules or policies and natural disasters such as earthquakes and flooding.

Adverse changes in the regional and general economy could reduce our growth rate, impair our ability to 

collect loans and generally have a negative effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If the goodwill we have recorded in connection with acquisitions becomes impaired, our earnings and capital 
could be reduced.

Accounting standards require that we account for acquisitions using the purchase method of accounting. Under 
purchase accounting, if the purchase price of an acquired company exceeds the fair value of its net assets, the excess 
is carried on the acquirer’s balance sheet as goodwill. In accordance with GAAP, our goodwill is evaluated for impairment 
on  an  annual  basis  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  circumstances  indicate  that  a  potential  impairment  exists. The 
evaluation is based on a variety of factors, including the quoted price of our common stock, market prices of common 
stock of other banking organizations, common stock trading multiples, discounted cash flows, and data from comparable 
acquisitions. At December 31, 2017, we had goodwill with a carrying amount of $119.0 million.

Declines in our stock price or a prolonged weakness in the operating environment of the financial services 
industry may result in a future impairment charge. Any such impairment charge could have a material adverse effect 
on our operating results and financial condition.

Fluctuating interest rates can adversely affect our profitability.

Our profitability is dependent to a large extent upon net interest income, which is the difference (or “spread”) 
between the interest earned on loans, securities and other interest earning assets and the interest paid on deposits, 
borrowings, and other interest bearing liabilities. Because of the differences in maturities and repricing characteristics 
of  our  interest  earning  assets  and  interest  bearing  liabilities,  changes  in  interest  rates  do  not  produce  equivalent 
changes  in  interest  income  earned  on  interest  earning  assets  and  interest  paid  on  interest  bearing  liabilities.  We 

19

principally manage interest rate risk by managing our volume and mix of our earning assets and funding liabilities. 
Thus,  in  a  changing  interest  rate  environment,  we  may  not  be  able  to  manage  this  risk  effectively. Accordingly, 
fluctuations in interest rates could adversely affect our interest rate spread, and, in turn, our profitability.

Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic 
conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies and, in particular, the Federal Reserve.  In 
an attempt to help the overall economy, during the past several years it has been the policy of the Federal Reserve 
to maintain interest rates at historically low levels through its targeted federal funds rate and the purchase of mortgage-
backed securities. As a result, market rates on the loans we have originated and the yields on securities we have 
purchased have been at lower levels than available prior to 2008. The Federal Reserve increased the targeted federal 
funds rate by 75 basis points and 25 basis points in 2017 and 2016, respectively. It is anticipated that the Federal 
Reserve will make additional increases in interest rates during 2018 subject to economic conditions. As the Federal 
Reserve increases the targeted federal funds rates, overall interest rates will likely rise, which may negatively impact 
both the housing markets by reducing refinancing activity and new home purchases and the U.S. economic recovery.

A sustained increase in market interest rates could adversely affect our earnings.  As a result of the exceptionally 
low interest rate environment, an increasing percentage of our deposits have been comprised of deposits bearing no 
or a relatively low rate of interest and having a shorter duration than our assets.  We would incur a higher cost of funds 
to retain these deposits in a rising interest rate environment. If the interest rates paid on deposits and other borrowings 
increase at a faster rate than the interest rates received on loans and other investments, our net interest income, and 
therefore earnings, could be adversely affected.

Changes in interest rates also affect the value of our interest-earning assets and in particular our securities 
portfolio.  Generally, the fair value of fixed-rate securities fluctuates inversely with changes in interest rates.  Unrealized 
gains and losses on securities available for sale are reported as a separate component of equity, net of tax.  Decreases 
in the fair value of securities available for sale resulting from increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect 
on stockholders’ equity.

Although  management  believes  it  has  implemented  effective  asset  and  liability  management  strategies  to 
reduce the potential effects of changes in interest rates on our results of operations, any substantial, unexpected or 
prolonged change in market interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results 
of operations. Also, our interest rate risk modeling techniques and assumptions likely may not fully predict or capture 
the impact of actual interest rate changes on our balance sheet.

Changes in the method of determining the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") or other reference rates 
may adversely impact the value of loans receivable and other financial instruments we hold that are linked 
to LIBOR or other reference rates in ways that are difficult to predict and could adversely impact our financial 
condition or results of operations.

In recent years, concerns have been raised about the accuracy of the calculation of LIBOR. Aspects of the 
method for determining how LIBOR is formulated and its use in the market have changed and may continue to change. 
Recent  changes  to LIBOR administration  have  included  the  introduction  of  statutory  regulation  of LIBOR by  U.K. 
regulatory  authorities;  reducing  the  currencies  for  which LIBOR is  calculated  to  five;  reducing  the  tenors  for 
which LIBOR is calculated to seven; delaying the publication of individual banks’ LIBOR submissions for three months 
from submission; requiring banks to provide LIBOR submissions based on an effective methodology on the basis of 
relevant criteria and information, including observable market transactions where possible; and during July 2017, the 
Financial Conduct Authority, the financial regulatory body in the United Kingdom which oversees the LIBOR benchmark 
rate, announced that the LIBOR will be replaced at the end of 2021 and that they will work towards developing an 
alternative benchmark. Each such change and any future changes could impact the availability and volatility of LIBOR. 
Similar  changes  have  occurred  or  may  occur  with  respect  to  other  reference  rates.  It  is  not  currently  possible  to 
determine whether, or to what extent, any such changes would impact the value of any loans, derivatives and other 
financial obligations or extensions of credit we hold or that are due to us, that are linked to LIBOR or other reference 
rates, or whether, or to what extent, such changes would impact our financial condition or results of operations.

Our securities portfolio may be negatively impacted by fluctuations in market value and interest rates.

Our securities portfolio may be impacted by fluctuations in market value, potentially reducing accumulated 
other comprehensive income and/or earnings. Fluctuations in market value may be caused by changes in market 
interest rates, rating agency actions in respect of the securities, defaults by the issuer or with respect to the underlying 
securities, lower market prices for securities and limited investor demand. Our securities portfolio is evaluated for other-
than-temporary impairment. If this evaluation shows impairment to the actual or projected cash flows associated with 
one or more securities, a potential loss to earnings may occur. Changes in interest rates can also have an adverse 
effect on our financial condition, as our available-for-sale securities are reported at their estimated fair value, and 

20

 
therefore are impacted by fluctuations in interest rates. We increase or decrease our shareholders' equity by the amount 
of change in the estimated fair value of the available-for-sale securities, net of taxes. There can be no assurance that 
the declines in market value will not result in other-than-temporary impairments of these assets, which would lead to 
accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on our net income and capital levels.

Decreased volumes and lower gains on sales of mortgage loans sold could adversely impact our noninterest 
income.

We originate and sell one-to-four family residential loans. Our mortgage banking income is a significant portion 
of our noninterest income. We generate gains on the sale of one-to-four family residential loans pursuant to programs 
currently  offered  by  the  Federal  Home  Loan  Mortgage  Corporation  ("Freddie  Mac")  and  other  secondary  market 
purchasers. Any future changes in their purchase programs, our eligibility to participate in such programs, the criteria 
for loans to be accepted or laws that significantly affect the activity of such entities could, in turn, materially adversely 
affect our results of operations. Further, in a rising or higher interest rate environment, our originations of mortgage 
loans may decrease, resulting in fewer loans that are available to be sold to investors. This would result in a decrease 
in  mortgage  banking  revenues  and  a  corresponding  decrease  in  noninterest  income.  In  addition,  our  results  of 
operations are affected by the amount of noninterest expense associated with mortgage banking activities, such as 
salaries and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and data processing expense and other operating costs. During 
periods of reduced loan demand, our results of operations may be adversely affected to the extent that we are unable 
to reduce expenses commensurate with the decline in loan originations.

Conditions in the financial markets may limit our access to additional funding to meet our liquidity needs 
which could adversely affect our earnings and capital levels.

Liquidity is essential to our business.  We rely on a number of different sources in order to meet our potential 
liquidity demands.  We require sufficient liquidity to meet customer loan requests, customer deposit maturities and 
withdrawals, payments on our debt obligations as they come due and other cash commitments under both normal 
operating conditions and other unpredictable circumstances, including events causing industry or general financial 
market stress. A tightening of the credit markets and the inability to obtain adequate funding may negatively affect our 
liquidity, asset growth and, consequently, our earnings capability and capital levels. In addition to any deposit growth, 
and the sale of loans or investment securities, maturity of investment securities and loan payments, we rely from time 
to time on advances from the FHLB of Des Moines, and certain other wholesale funding sources to meet liquidity 
demands. Our liquidity position could be significantly constrained if we were unable to access funds from the FHLB 
of Des Moines or other wholesale funding sources. Factors that could detrimentally impact our access to liquidity 
sources include a decrease in the level of our business activity as a result of a downturn in the markets in which our 
loans are concentrated, negative operating results, or adverse regulatory action against us.  Our ability to borrow could 
also be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a disruption in the financial markets or negative views 
and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry or deterioration in credit markets. Any decline 
in available funding could adversely impact our ability to originate loans, invest in securities, meet our expenses, or 
fulfill obligations such as repaying our borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands, any of which could, in turn, 
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. 

Additionally, collateralized public funds are bank deposits of state and local municipalities.  These deposits 
are required to be secured by certain investment grade securities to ensure repayment, which on the one hand tends 
to reduce our contingent liquidity risk by making these funds somewhat less credit sensitive, but on the other hand 
reduces standby liquidity by restricting the potential liquidity of the pledged collateral.   Although these funds historically 
have been a relatively stable source of funds for us, availability depends on the individual municipality's fiscal policies 
and cash flow needs.

Our growth or future losses may require us to raise additional capital in the future, but that capital may not 
be available when it is needed or the cost of that capital may be very high; further, the resulting dilution of 
our equity may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We are required by federal and state regulatory authorities to maintain adequate levels of capital to support 
our operations. At some point we may need to raise additional capital to support our continued internal growth and 
growth through acquisitions or be required by our regulators to increase our capital resources. Our ability to raise 
additional capital, however, will depend on conditions in the capital markets at that time, which are outside our control, 
and on our financial condition and performance. If we are able to raise capital it may not be on terms that are acceptable 
to us. If we cannot raise additional capital when needed, our ability to further expand our operations through internal 
growth and acquisitions could be materially impaired and our financial condition and liquidity could be materially and 
adversely  affected. Accordingly,  we  cannot  make  assurances  that  we  will  be  able  to  raise  additional  capital  when 
needed.

21

 
 
 
We are not restricted from issuing additional common stock or preferred stock, including any securities that 
are convertible into or exchangeable for, or that represent the right to receive, common stock or preferred stock or any 
substantially similar securities. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large 
number of shares of common stock or preferred stock or similar securities in the market or from the perception that 
such sales could occur.

Our Board of Directors is authorized generally to cause us to issue additional common stock, as well as series 
of preferred stock, without any action on the part of our shareholders except as may be required under the listing 
requirements of the NASDAQ Stock Market. In addition, our Board has the power, without shareholder approval, to 
set the terms of any such series of preferred stock that may be issued, including voting rights, dividend rights and 
preferences over the common stock with respect to dividends or upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our 
business and other terms.

In addition, if we issue preferred stock in the future that has a preference over the common stock with respect 
to the payment of dividends or upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, or if we issue preferred stock with voting 
rights that dilute the voting power of the common stock, the rights of holders of the common stock or the market price 
of the common stock could be adversely affected.

Non-compliance with the USA PATRIOT Act, Bank Secrecy Act, or other laws and regulations could result in 
fines or sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions.

The USA PATRIOT and Bank Secrecy Acts require financial institutions to develop programs to prevent financial 
institutions  from  being  used  for  money  laundering  and  terrorist  activities.  If  such  activities  are  detected,  financial 
institutions  are  obligated  to  file  suspicious  activity  reports  with  the  U.S.  Treasury’s  Office  of  Financial  Crimes 
Enforcement Network. These rules require financial institutions to establish procedures for identifying and verifying 
the identity of customers seeking to open new financial accounts. Failure to comply with these regulations could result 
in fines or sanctions and limit our ability to get regulatory approval of acquisitions. While we have developed policies 
and procedures designed to assist in compliance with these laws and regulations, no assurance can be given that 
these policies and procedures will be effective in preventing violations of these laws and regulations. If our policies 
and procedures are deemed deficient, we would be subject to liability, including fines and regulatory actions, which 
may include restrictions on our ability to pay dividends and the denial of regulatory approvals to proceed with certain 
aspects of our business plan, including our acquisition plans. 

Failure to maintain and implement adequate programs to combat money laundering and terrorist financing 
could also have serious reputational consequences for us. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect 
on our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.

Our operations rely on numerous external vendors.

We rely on numerous external vendors to provide us with products and services necessary to maintain our 
day-to-day operations. Accordingly, our operations are exposed to risk that these vendors will not perform in accordance 
with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements. The failure of an external vendor to perform in 
accordance with the contracted arrangements under service level agreements because of changes in the vendor's 
organizational structure, financial condition, support for existing products and services or strategic focus or for any 
other reason, could be disruptive to our operations, which in turn could have a material negative impact on our financial 
condition and results of operations. We also could be adversely affected to the extent such an agreement is not renewed 
by the third party vendor or is renewed on terms less favorable to us.

We are subject to certain risks in connection with our use of technology.

Our  security  measures  may  not  be  sufficient  to  mitigate  the  risk  of  a  cyber-attack.  Communications  and 
information systems are essential to the conduct of our business, as we use such systems to manage our customer 
relationships, our general ledger and virtually all other aspects of our business. Our operations rely on the secure 
processing, storage, and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. 
Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, the security of our 
computer systems, software, and networks may be vulnerable to breaches, unauthorized access, misuse, computer 
viruses, or other malicious code and cyber-attacks that could have a security impact. If one or more of these events 
occur, this could jeopardize our or our customers' confidential and other information processed and stored in, and 
transmitted  through,  our  computer  systems  and  networks,  or  otherwise  cause  interruptions  or  malfunctions  in  our 
operations or the operations of our customers or counterparties. We may be required to expend significant additional 
resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and 
we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any 
insurance maintained by us. We could also suffer significant reputational damage.

22

Security breaches in our internet banking activities could further expose us to possible liability and damage 
our reputation. Any compromise of our security also could deter customers from using our internet banking services 
that involve the transmission of confidential information. We rely on standard internet security systems to provide the 
security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data. These precautions may not protect our 
systems from compromises or breaches of our security measures and could result in significant legal liability and 
significant damage to our reputation and our business. We have experienced no known material breaches.

Our security measures may not protect us from system failures or interruptions. While we have established 
policies and procedures to prevent or limit the impact of systems failures and interruptions, there can be no assurance 
that such events will not occur or that they will be adequately addressed if they do. In addition, we outsource certain 
aspects of our data processing and other operational functions to certain third-party providers. If our third-party providers 
encounter difficulties, or if we have difficulty in communicating with them, our ability to adequately process and account 
for transactions could be affected, and our business operations could be adversely impacted. Threats to information 
security also exist in the processing of customer information through various other vendors and their personnel.

The occurrence of any failures or interruptions may require us to identify alternative sources of such services, 
and we cannot assure you that we could negotiate terms that are as favorable to us or could obtain services with 
similar functionality as found in our existing systems without the need to expend substantial resources, if at all. Further, 
the occurrence of any systems failure or interruption could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers 
and  business,  could  subject  us  to  additional  regulatory  scrutiny,  or  could  expose  us  to  legal  liability. Any  of  these 
occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

If our enterprise risk management framework is not effective at mitigating risk and loss to us, we could suffer 
unexpected losses and our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

Our enterprise risk management framework seeks to achieve an appropriate balance between risk and return, 
which is critical to optimizing stockholder value. We have established processes and procedures intended to identify, 
measure, monitor, report, analyze and control the types of risk to which we are subject.  These risks include liquidity 
risk, credit risk, market risk, interest rate risk, operational risk, legal and compliance risk, and reputational risk, among 
others.  We also maintain a compliance program to identify, measure, assess, and report on our adherence to applicable 
laws, policies and procedures.  While we assess and improve these programs on an ongoing basis, there can be no 
assurance that our risk management or compliance programs, along with other related controls, will effectively mitigate 
all risk and limit losses in our business.  However, as with any risk management framework, there are inherent limitations 
to our risk management strategies as there may exist, or develop in the future, risks that we have not appropriately 
anticipated or identified. If our risk management framework proves ineffective, we could suffer unexpected losses and 
our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.

We are subject to certain risks in connection with our data management or aggregation.

We are reliant on our ability to manage data and our ability to aggregate data in an accurate and timely manner 
to ensure effective risk reporting and management. Our ability to manage data and aggregate data may be limited by 
the  effectiveness  of  our  policies,  programs,  processes  and  practices  that  govern  how  data  is  acquired,  validated, 
stored, protected and processed. While we continuously update our policies, programs, processes and practices, many 
of our data management and aggregation processes are manual and subject to human error or system failure. Failure 
to manage data effectively and to aggregate data in an accurate and timely manner may limit our ability to manage 
current and emerging risks, as well as to manage changing business needs.

We rely on dividends from Heritage Bank for substantially all of our revenue at the holding company level.

We are an entity separate and distinct from our subsidiary, Heritage Bank, and derive substantially all of our 
revenue at the holding company level in the form of dividends from that subsidiary.  Accordingly, we are, and will be, 
dependent upon dividends from Heritage Bank to pay the principal of and interest on our indebtedness, to satisfy our 
other cash needs and to pay dividends on our common stock.  Heritage Bank's ability to pay dividends is subject to 
its ability to earn net income and to meet certain regulatory requirements.  In the event Heritage Bank is unable to pay 
dividends to us, we may not be able to pay dividends on our common stock.  Also, our right to participate in a distribution 
of assets upon a subsidiary's liquidation or reorganization is subject to the prior claims of the subsidiary's creditors.

23

 
 
 
Our business may be adversely affected by an increasing prevalence of fraud and other financial crimes.

Our loans to businesses and individuals and our deposit relationships and related transactions are subject to 
exposure to the risk of loss due to fraud and other financial crimes. Nationally, reported incidents of fraud and other 
financial crimes have increased. We have also experienced losses due to apparent fraud and other financial crimes, 
although such losses have been relatively insignificant to date. While we have policies and procedures designed to 
prevent such losses, there can be no assurance that such losses will not occur.

Changes in accounting standards may affect how we record and report our performance.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and 
results of operations. From time to time there are changes in the financial accounting and reporting standards that 
govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be difficult to predict and can materially impact 
how we report and record our financial condition and results of operations. In some cases, we could be required to 
apply a new or revised standard retroactively, resulting in a retrospective adjustment to prior financial statements.

We are dependent on key personnel and the loss of one or more of those key personnel may materially and 
adversely affect our prospects.

Competition for qualified employees and personnel in the banking industry is intense and there are a limited 
number of qualified persons with knowledge of, and experience in, the community banking industry where we conduct 
our business. The process of recruiting personnel with the combination of skills and attributes required to carry out 
our strategies is often lengthy. Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to attract and retain qualified 
management, loan origination, finance, administrative, marketing and technical personnel and upon the continued 
contributions  of  our  management  and  personnel.  In  particular,  our  success  has  been  and  continues  to  be  highly 
dependent upon the abilities of key executives, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Brian L. Vance, 
and certain other employees. The loss of key personnel could adversely affect our ability to successfully conduct our 
business.

ITEM 1B.  

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

The  Company  has  no  unresolved  staff  comments  from  the  SEC  as  it  relates  to  the  Company's  financial 

information as reported on Form 10-K. 

ITEM 2.  

PROPERTIES

24

 
Our executive offices and the main office of Heritage Bank are located in approximately 22,000 square feet 
of the headquarters building and adjacent office space and main branch office which are owned by Heritage Bank and 
located in downtown Olympia. The Company's branch network at December 31, 2017 was comprised of 59 branches 
located throughout Washington and Oregon. The number of branches per county, as well as occupancy type, is detailed 
in the following table.

County
Clark

Cowlitz

Island

Kittitas

King

Mason

Multnomah

Pierce

San Juan

Skagit

Snohomish

Thurston

Whatcom

Yakima

Total

State
WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

OR

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

WA

Number of
Branches

Owned

Leased

Occupancy Type

2

2

7

1

8

1

1

13

1

3

8

4

4

4

59

1

2

6

1

3

1

—

8

—

3

6

3

3

4

41

1

—

1

—

5

—

1

5

1

—

2

1

1

—

18

One Island County Branch, one Skagit County Branch, one Thurston County branch and the one branch in 

Kittitas County have land leases, which are not included in the leased section above as the building is owned.

As  part  of  the  Company's  strategic  initiatives,  certain  measures  were  taken  to  transform  the  Company's 
branching system during the year ended December 31, 2017. Four branches operating at December 31, 2016 were 
consolidated into existing Heritage Bank branches in April 2017. Three of these branches were subsequently sold and 
one branch is held for sale as of December 31, 2017.

For  additional  information  concerning  our  premises  and  equipment  and  lease  obligations,  see  Note  (7) 
Premises  and  Equipment  and  Note  (14)  Commitments  and  Contingencies  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements included in "Item 8 Financial Statements And Supplementary Data".

ITEM 3.  

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We, and our Bank, are not a party to any material pending legal proceedings other than ordinary routine 

litigation incidental to the business of the Bank.

ITEM 4.  

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

PART II 

ITEM 5.  
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS 

25

 
 
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol HFWA. At December 31, 
2017, we had approximately 1,332 shareholders of record (not including the number of persons or entities holding 
stock in nominee or street name through various brokerage firms) and 29,927,746 outstanding shares of common 
stock. This total does not reflect the number of persons or entities who hold stock in nominee or “street” name through 
various brokerage firms. The last reported sales price on February 20, 2018 was $31.18 per share. The following tables 
provides sales information per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market for the 
indicated quarters.

High
Low

High
Low

2017 Quarter ended,

March 31

June 30

September 30

December 31

26.98 $
22.50 $

27.30 $
23.00 $

30.00 $
25.25 $

33.25
28.60

2016 Quarter ended,

March 31

June 30

September 30

December 31

19.61 $
16.42 $

18.71 $
16.40 $

18.71 $
16.76 $

26.48
17.66

$
$

$
$

For the interim period subsequent to the 2017 fiscal year through the last reported sales price on February 20, 
2018, the high and low sales information price per share of our common stock as reported on the NASDAQ Global 
Selected Market was $32.15 and $28.46, respectively. 

Quarterly, the Company reviews the potential payment of cash dividends to common shareholders. The timing 
and amount of cash dividends paid on our common stock depends on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, 
financial condition and other relevant factors.

The dividend activities for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and through the date of this filing 

are listed below:

Declared
January 27, 2016
April 20, 2016
July 20, 2016
October 26, 2016
October 26, 2016
January 25, 2017
April 25, 2017
July 25, 2017
October 25, 2017
October 25, 2017
January 24, 2018

Cash

Dividend per Share        

$0.11
$0.12
$0.12
$0.12
$0.25
$0.12
$0.13
$0.13
$0.13
$0.10
$0.15

Record Date  
February 10, 2016
May 5, 2016
August 4, 2016
November 8, 2016
November 8, 2016
February 9, 2017
May 10, 2017
August 10, 2017
November 8, 2017
November 8, 2017
February 7, 2018

Paid
February 24, 2016
May 19, 2016
August 18, 2016
November 22, 2016
November 22, 2016
February 23, 2017
May 24, 2017
August 24, 2017
November 22, 2017
November 22, 2017
February 21, 2018

*

*

* Denotes special dividend.

The primary source for dividends paid to our shareholders are dividends paid to us from Heritage Bank. There 
are regulatory restrictions on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends. Under federal regulations, the dollar amount of 
dividends the Bank may pay depends upon its capital position and recent net income. Generally, if an institution satisfies 
its regulatory capital requirements, it may make dividend payments up to the limits prescribed under state law and 
FDIC regulations. However, an institution that has converted to the stock form of ownership, as Heritage Bank has 
done, may not declare or pay a dividend on, or repurchase any of, its common stock if the effect thereof would cause 
the regulatory capital of the institution to be reduced below the amount required for the liquidation account which was 
established in connection with the mutual to stock conversion.

As a bank holding company, our ability to pay dividends is subject to the guidelines of the Federal Reserve 
regarding capital adequacy and dividends. The Federal Reserve’s policy is that a bank holding company should pay 
cash dividends only to the extent that its net income for the past year is sufficient to cover both the cash dividends and 
a  rate  of  earnings  retention  that  is  consistent  with  the  holding  company’s  capital  needs,  asset  quality  and  overall 

26

 
 
 
 
 
financial condition, and that it is inappropriate for a bank holding company experiencing serious financial problems to 
borrow funds to pay dividends. Under Washington law, we are prohibited from paying a dividend if, after making such 
dividend payment, we would be unable to pay our debts as they become due in the usual course of business, or if our 
total liabilities, plus the amount that would be needed, in the event we were to be dissolved at the time of the dividend 
payment, to satisfy preferential rights on dissolution of holders of preferred stock ranking senior in right of payment to 
the capital stock on which the applicable distribution is to be made exceed our total assets.

The  Company  has  had  various  stock  repurchase  programs  since  March  1999.  On  October  23,  2014,  the 
Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of the Company's outstanding common shares, 
or approximately 1,513,000 shares, under the eleventh stock repurchase plan. At December 31, 2017, there were 
approximately 933,000 shares remaining to be purchased under the eleventh stock repurchase plan. The number, 
timing and price of shares repurchased will depend on business and market conditions, and other factors, including 
opportunities to deploy the Company's capital. 

The following table provides total repurchased shares and average share prices under the plan for the periods 

indicated: 

Eleventh Plan

Repurchased shares

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Plan Total (1)

—

138,000

441,966

579,966

Stock repurchase average share price

$

— $

17.16 $

16.64 $

16.76

(1) Represents shares repurchased and average price per share paid during the duration of the plan.

During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company repurchased 29,429, 29,512 and 
22,300 shares at an average price per share of $25.01, $17.82 and $17.09 to pay withholding taxes on the vesting of 
restricted stock that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, which are not 
considered repurchased as part of the applicable repurchase plans. 

The following table sets forth information about the Company’s purchases of its outstanding common stock 

during the quarter ended December 31, 2017.

Period
October 1, 2017—
October 31, 2017

November 1, 2017—
November 30, 2017
December 1, 2017—
December 31, 2017

Total

Total Number of
Shares 
Purchased (1)

Average Price
Paid Per Share (1)

— $

—

1,718

1,718 $

—

—

31.35

31.35

Cumulative 
Total Number of  
Shares 
Purchased as 
Part of Publicly
Announced Plans 
or Programs

Maximum Number 
of Shares that May 
Yet Be Purchased 
Under the Plans or
Programs

7,893,389

7,893,389

7,893,389

935,034

935,034

935,034

(1) All of the common shares repurchased by the Company between October 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017, were 

shares of restricted stock that represented the cancellation of stock to pay withholding taxes.

The information regarding the Company’s equity compensation plan is contained under “Item 12. Security 
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” of this Form 10-K and 
is incorporated by reference herein.

27

 
 
Stock Performance Graph

The following graph depicts total return to shareholders during the five-year period beginning December 31, 
2012  and  ending  December 31,  2017.  Total  return  includes  appreciation  or  depreciation  in  market  value  of  the 
Company’s  common  stock  as  well  as  actual  cash  and  stock  dividends  paid  to  common  shareholders. The  graph 
additionally shows the five-year comparison of the total return to shareholders of the Company’s common stock as 
compared to the NASDAQ Composite Index and the SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ Index. The NASDAQ Composite Index 
is a comparative broad market index comprised of all domestic and international common stocks listed on the Nasdaq 
Stock Market. The SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ Index is a comparative peer index comprised of banks and related holding 
companies listed on the NASDAQ Stock Market.  The graph assumes that the value of the investment in Heritage’s 
common stock and each of the three indices was $100 on December 31, 2012, and that all dividends were reinvested.

.

Index
Heritage Financial Corporation
NASDAQ Composite Index
SNL U.S. Bank NASDAQ Index

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Years Ended December 31,

$ 100.00 $ 119.67 $ 126.54 $ 139.99 $ 199.20 $ 243.60
242.71

187.22

171.97

140.12

100.00

160.78

100.00

143.73

148.86

160.70

222.81

234.58

*Information for the graph was provided by S&P Global Market Intelligence.

ITEM 6.  

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables set forth certain information concerning our consolidated financial position and results of 
operations at and for the dates indicated and have been derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements. 
The information below is qualified in its entirety by the detailed information included elsewhere herein and should be 
read along with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” 
and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

28

 
Matters affecting comparability in the five-year summary detailed below include the Valley and NCB Acquisitions 

in 2013, and the Washington Banking Merger in 2014 as discussed below.

Operations Data:

Interest income

Interest expense
Net interest income

Provision for loan losses
Noninterest income

Noninterest expense
Income tax expense (5)
Net income

Earnings per common share

Basic

Diluted

Dividend payout ratio to common 

shareholders (1)
Performance Ratios:
Net interest spread (2)
Net interest margin (3)
Efficiency ratio (4)
Noninterest expense to average assets

Return on average assets

Return on average common equity

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

$ 147,880
8,346

$ 138,512
6,006

$ 135,739
6,120

$ 121,106
5,681

$

139,534
4,220

35,408

110,575

18,356

41,791

132,506
4,931

31,619

106,473

13,803

38,918

129,619
4,372

32,268

106,208

13,818

37,489

115,425
4,594

16,467

99,379

6,905

21,014

71,428
3,724

67,704
3,672

9,651

59,515

4,593

9,575

$

$

1.39

1.39

$

1.30

1.30

$

1.25

1.25

$

0.82

0.82

0.61

0.61

43.9%

55.4%

42.4%

61.0%

68.9%

3.83%

3.89%

4.04%

4.45%

4.69%

3.92
63.21

2.78

1.05

8.36

3.96

64.87

2.84

1.04

8.01

4.11

65.61

3.01

1.06

8.08

4.53

75.35

3.49

0.74

5.61

4.80

76.94

3.86

0.62

4.58

(1) Dividend payout ratio is declared dividends per common share divided by diluted earnings per common share.
(2) Net interest spread is the difference between the average yield on interest earning assets and the average cost of 

interest bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin is net interest income divided by average interest earning assets.
(4) The efficiency ratio is noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income.
(5) The current year results were impacted by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted December 22, 2017, which required a 
revaluation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the future impact of the decrease in corporate 
income tax rate to 21% from 35% and other provisions of the legislation.  Income tax expense increased $2.6 million 
as a result of our estimated revaluation of the net deferred tax asset.

29

 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet Data:

Total assets

Total loans receivable, net

Investment securities

FDIC indemnification asset

December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

(Dollars in thousands)

$4,113,270

$3,878,981

$3,650,792

$3,457,750

$ 1,659,038

2,816,985

2,609,666

2,372,296

2,223,348

1,203,096

810,530

794,645

811,869

—

—

—

778,660

1,116

129,918

199,288

4,382

30,980

Goodwill and other intangible assets

125,117

126,403

127,818

Deposits

3,393,060

3,229,648

3,108,287

2,906,331

1,399,189

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

Junior subordinated debentures

Securities sold under agreement to

repurchase

Stockholders’ equity

Financial Measures:

92,500

20,009

31,821

508,305

79,600

19,717

22,104

481,763

—

—

19,424

19,082

—

—

23,214

469,970

32,181

454,506

29,420

215,762

Book value per common share

$

16.98

$

16.08

$

15.68

$

15.02

$

13.31

Stockholders' equity to assets ratio
Net loans to deposits (1)
Capital Ratios:

Total risk-based capital ratio

Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio

Leverage ratio

Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-

weighted assets

Asset Quality Ratios:

Nonperforming loans to loans 

receivable, net (2)

Allowance for loan losses to loans 

receivable, net (2)

Allowance for loan losses to 
nonperforming loans (2)

Nonperforming assets to total assets (2)
Net charge-off on loans to average

loans receivable, net

Other Data:

Number of banking offices

Number of full-time equivalent

employees

Deposits per branch

Assets per full-time equivalent

12.4%

84.0%

12.4%

81.8%

12.9%

77.3%

12.8%

13.0%

13.7%

11.8

10.2

11.3

12.0

10.3

11.4

12.7

10.4

12.0

13.1%

77.5%

15.1%

13.9

10.2

13.0%

88.0%

16.8%

15.5

11.3

N/A

N/A

0.38%

0.41%

0.40%

0.51%

0.63%

1.13

1.18

1.24

1.23

2.34

299.79

0.26

284.93

0.30

307.67

0.32

239.62

0.43

0.12

0.14

0.10

0.30

59

63

67

66

735
57,509
5,596

760
51,264

5,104

717
46,392

5,092

748
44,035

4,623

372.16

0.74

0.31

35

373
39,977

4,448

(1) Loans receivable, net of deferred costs divided by deposits.
(2) At December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $1.9 million, $2.8 million $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $1.7 

million of nonaccrual loans were guaranteed by government agencies, respectively.

The Company has focused on expanding its business over the past several years. In 2013, the Company 
completed  two  open-bank  acquisitions  of  Northwest  Commercial  Bank  in  January  2013  and  Valley  Community 
Bancshares  in  July  2013.  In  May  2014,  the  Company  completed  the  merger  with  Washington  Banking  Company. 
Subsequent  to  December  31,  2017,  the  Company  completed  the  Puget  Sound  Merger  in  January  2018.  These 
acquisitions and mergers, together with organic growth of the business, have significantly increased the Company's 
assets and liabilities.

30

 
 
 
During the period from December 31, 2013 through December 31, 2017 total assets have increased $2.45 
billion, or 147.9%, to $4.11 billion as of December 31, 2017 from $1.66 billion at December 31, 2013. The total loans 
receivable, net of allowance for loan losses increased $1.61 billion, or 134.1%, to $2.82 billion as of December 31, 
2017 from $1.20 billion at December 31, 2013. Loan increases during the five-year period are also attributable to the 
Washington Banking Merger with the acquisition of loans with fair value of $1.0 billion at the May 1, 2014 merger date. 
Our emphasis in increasing our commercial business loan portfolio, in addition to mergers and acquisitions, resulted 
in an increase in commercial business loans of $1.18 billion, or 110.4%, since December 31, 2013. 

Deposits  increased  $1.99  billion,  or  142.5%,  to  $3.39  billion  at  December 31,  2017  from  $1.40  billion  at 
December 31, 2013. Deposit increases during the five-year period are also attributable to the Washington Banking 
Merger  with  the  assumptions  of  deposits  with  fair  value  of  $1.4  billion  at  the  May  1,  2014  merger  date.  From 
December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2017, non-maturity deposits (total deposits less certificate of deposit accounts) 
increased $1.90 billion, or 174.8%, to $2.99 billion at December 31, 2017. The percentage of certificate of deposit 
accounts to total deposits decreased to 11.7% at December 31, 2017 from 22.1% at December 31, 2013.

Stockholders’ equity increased by $292.5 million, or 135.6%, to $508.3 million at December 31, 2017 from 
$215.8 million at December 31, 2013 due primarily to a combination of earnings and issuances of common stock, 
partially offset by repurchases of common stock and declarations of cash dividends. Our net income increased
$32.2 million, or 336.5%, to $41.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $9.6 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2013 as a result of growth in the Company due primarily through acquisitions and mergers. 
Net interest income increased $71.8 million, or 106.1%, to $139.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 
from $67.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in net interest income was primarily a 
result of an increase in interest income of $76.5 million, or 107.0%, to $147.9 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2017 from $71.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. Additionally, the increase in net 
income includes an increase in noninterest income of $25.8 million, or 266.9%, to $35.4 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2017 compared to $9.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2013. The increase in net income 
was partially offset by an increase in noninterest expense of $51.1 million, or 85.8%, to $110.6 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 from $59.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 as a result of the growth of the 
Company. 

ITEM 7.  

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS 
OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations 
of  the  Company.  The  information  contained  in  this  section  should  be  read  with  the  December 31,  2017  audited 
Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in "Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data" of this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies

The  Company’s  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting 
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Companies may apply certain critical accounting policies 
requiring management to make subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to estimate the effect 
of matters that are inherently uncertain.

The Company considers its most critical accounting estimates to be the allowance for loan losses, estimations 
of  expected  cash  flows  related  to  purchased  credit  impaired  loans,  business  combinations,  other-than-temporary 
impairments in the fair value of investments and consideration of potential impairment of goodwill.

Allowance for Loan Losses    

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses charged against earnings. 
The balance of the allowance for loan losses is maintained at the amount management believes will be appropriate 
to absorb probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses 
is determined by applying estimated loss factors to the credit exposure from outstanding loans.

We assess the estimated credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio by considering a number of elements 

including:
• 
• 

historical loss experience in the loan portfolio;
impact of environmental factors, including:

levels of and trends in delinquencies, classified and impaired loans;
levels of and trends in charge-offs and recoveries;
trends in volume and terms of loans;

31

 
 
 
 
effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards, and other changes in lending 
policies, procedures and practices;
experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;
national and local economic trends and conditions;
other external factors such as competition, legal and regulatory; 
effects of changes in credit concentrations; and
other factors

We calculate an appropriate allowance for loan losses for the loans in our loan portfolio by applying historical 
loss factors for homogeneous classes of the portfolio, adjusted for changes to the above-noted environmental factors. 
We  may  record  specific  provisions  for  impaired  loans,  including  loans  on  nonaccrual  status  and  troubled-debt 
restructured ("TDR") loans, after a careful analysis of each loan’s credit and collateral factors. Our analysis of an 
appropriate  allowance  for  loan  losses  combines  the  provisions  made  for  our  non-impaired  loans  and  the  specific 
provisions made for each impaired loan.

While we believe we use the best information available to determine the allowance for loan losses, our results 
of  operations  could  be  significantly  affected  if  circumstances  differ  substantially  from  the  assumptions  used  in 
determining  the  allowance. A  decline  in  national  and  local  economic  conditions,  or  other  factors,  could  result  in  a 
material increase in the allowance for loan losses and may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and 
results of operations. In addition, the determination of the amount of the allowance for loan losses is subject to review 
by bank regulators, as part of their routine examination process, which may result in the establishment of additional 
allowance for loan losses based upon their judgment of information available to them at the time of their examination.

For additional information regarding the allowance for loan losses, its relation to the provision for loan losses, 
its risk related to asset quality and lending activity, see “—Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 
2017 and 2016—Provision for Loan Losses” and “—Consolidated Financial Condition —Allowance for Loan Losses” 
below, “Item 1A. Risk Factors —Our allowance for loan losses may prove to be insufficient to absorb losses in our 
loan  portfolio”  as  well  as  Note  (4) Allowance  for  Loan  Losses  of  the  Notes  to  Consolidated  Financial  Statements 
included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Estimated Expected Cash Flows related to Purchased Credit Impaired ("PCI") Loans    

Loans purchased in an acquisition with evidence of credit deterioration since origination for which it is probable 
that all contractually required payments will not be collected are accounted for under FASB Accounting Standards 
Codification ("ASC") 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. In situations where 
such PCI loans have similar risk characteristics, loans may be aggregated into pools to estimate cash flows. A pool is 
accounted for as a single asset with a single interest rate, cumulative loss rate and cash flow expectation.

The cash flows expected over the life of the PCI loan or pool are estimated using an external cash flow model 
that projects cash flows and calculates the carrying values, book yields, effective interest income and impairment, if 
any, based on loan or pool level events. Assumptions as to default rates, loss severity and prepayment speeds are 
utilized to calculate the expected cash flows.

Expected cash flows at the acquisition date in excess of the fair value of loans are considered to be accretable 
yield, which is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan or pool using a level yield method if the timing 
and amounts of the future cash flows of the loan or pool are reasonably estimable. Subsequent to the acquisition date, 
any increases in cash flow over those expected at purchase date in excess of fair value are recorded as interest income 
prospectively. Any  subsequent  decreases  in  cash  flow  over  those  expected  at  purchase  date  are  recognized  by 
recording an allowance for loan losses. Any disposals of loans in pools, including sales of loans, payments in full or 
foreclosures result in the removal of the loan from the loan pool at the carrying amount and recognition of income if 
the proceeds from such activity is in excess of the carrying amount removed from the pool.

Business Combinations    

The Company applies the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. Under the acquisition 
method, the acquiring entity in a business combination recognizes all of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities 
assumed at their acquisition date fair values. Management utilizes prevailing valuation techniques appropriate for the 
asset or liability being measured in determining these fair values. Any excess of the purchase price over amounts 
allocated to assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. 
Where amounts allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed is greater than the purchase price, a bargain 
purchase gain is recognized. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred unless they are directly attributable 
to the issuance of the Company's common stock in a business combination.

32

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments in the Fair Value of Investments    

Unrealized losses on investment securities available for sale and held to maturity are evaluated at least quarterly 
to  determine  whether  declines  in  value  should  be  considered  “other  than  temporary”  and  therefore  be  subject  to 
immediate loss recognition in income. Although these evaluations involve significant judgment, an unrealized loss in 
the fair value of a debt security is generally deemed to be temporary when the fair value of the security is below the 
carrying value primarily due to changes in interest rates, there has not been significant deterioration in the financial 
condition of the issuer, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before 
the anticipated recovery of its remaining carrying value. An unrealized loss in the value of an equity security is generally 
considered temporary when the fair value of the security is below the carrying value primarily due to current market 
conditions and not deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer and it is not more likely than not that the Company 
will be required to sell the security before the anticipated recovery of its remaining carrying value. Other factors that 
may be considered in determining whether a decline in the value of either a debt or an equity security is “other than 
temporary” include ratings by recognized rating agencies; actions of commercial banks or other lenders relative to the 
continued extension of credit facilities to the issuer of the security; the financial condition, capital strength and near-
term prospects of the issuer and recommendations of investment advisors or market analysts. Therefore, continued 
deterioration of market conditions could result in additional impairment losses recognized within the investment portfolio.

Goodwill    

The Company’s goodwill is assigned to Heritage Bank and is evaluated for impairment at the Heritage Bank 
level (reporting unit). Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually and between annual tests if an event occurs or 
circumstances change that might indicate the Company’s recorded value is more than its implied value. Such indicators 
may include, among others: a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the general business climate; significant 
decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization; unanticipated competition; and an adverse action or 
assessment by a regulator. Any adverse changes in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability 
of goodwill and could have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The  testing  for  impairment  may  begin  with  an  assessment  of  qualitative  factors  to  determine  whether  the 
existence of events or circumstances leads to a determination that the fair value of goodwill is less than carrying value. 
The  qualitative  assessment  includes  adverse  events  or  circumstances  identified  that  could  negatively  affect  the 
reporting unit's fair value as well as positive and mitigating events. When required, the goodwill impairment test involves 
a two-step process. The first test for goodwill impairment is done by comparing the reporting unit’s aggregate fair value 
to its carrying value. Absent other indicators of impairment, if the aggregate fair value exceeds the carrying value, 
goodwill is not considered impaired and no additional analysis is necessary. If the carrying value of the reporting unit 
were to exceed the aggregate fair value, a second test would be performed to measure the amount of impairment 
loss, if any. To measure any impairment loss the implied fair value would be determined in the same manner as if the 
reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the 
recorded goodwill an impairment charge would be recorded for the difference.

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company completed step one of the two-step process of the 
goodwill impairment test. Based on the results of the test, the Company concluded that the reporting unit’s fair value 
was greater than its carrying value and there was no impairment of goodwill.

For additional information regarding goodwill, see Note (8) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets of the Notes 

to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

33

 
Financial Overview

Heritage Financial Corporation is a bank holding company which primarily engages in the business activities 
of  our  wholly-owned  financial  institution  subsidiary,  Heritage  Bank.  We  provide  financial  services  to  our  local 
communities with an ongoing strategic focus on our commercial banking relationships, market expansion and asset 
quality.

Consolidated Financial Condition 

The Company’s total assets increased $234.3 million, or 6.0%, to $4.11 billion at December 31, 2017 from 
$3.88 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase was primarily due to a $207.3 million, or 7.9%, increase in total loans 
receivable, net. The asset balances at December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the changes in those balances are included 
in the following table:

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities available for sale

Loans held for sale

Total loans receivable, net

Other real estate owned

Premises and equipment, net

FHLB stock, at cost

Bank owned life insurance

Accrued interest receivable

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Other intangible assets, net

Goodwill

Total assets

Investment Activities

December 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

Change 2017
vs. 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

$

103,015 $

103,745 $

810,530
2,288

794,645

11,662

(730)

15,885

(9,374)

2,816,985

2,609,666

207,319

—
60,325

8,347

75,091

12,244

99,328

6,088

754

63,911

7,564

70,355

10,925

79,351

7,374

119,029

119,029

(754)

(3,586)

783

4,736

1,319

19,977

(1,286)

—

Percent
Change 2017
vs. 2016

(0.7)%

2.0

(80.4)

7.9

(100.0)

(5.6)

10.4

6.7

12.1

25.2

(17.4)

—

$ 4,113,270 $ 3,878,981 $

234,289

6.0 %

Our investment policy is established by the Board of Directors and monitored by the Risk Committee of the 
Board of Directors. It is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on investments 
without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and complements the Bank's lending activities. The policy dictates 
the criteria for classifying securities as either available for sale or held to maturity. The policy permits investment in 
various types of liquid assets permissible under applicable regulations, which include U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. 
Government agency obligations, some certificates of deposit of insured banks, mortgage-backed and mortgage related 
securities, corporate notes, municipal bonds, and federal funds. Investment in non-investment grade bonds and stripped 
mortgage-backed securities is not permitted under the policy.

Investment securities available for sale increased $15.9 million, or 2.0%, to $810.5 million at December 31, 
2017 from $794.6 million at December 31, 2016. The increase was due primarily to purchases of investment securities 
of $149.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. The increase was partially offset by maturities, calls and 
payments of investment securities of $98.9 million and sales of investment securities of $31.0 million during the year 
ended December 31, 2017.

34

 
 
The following table provides information regarding our investment securities available for sale at the dates 

indicated.

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Fair Value

% of
Total
Investments

Fair Value

% of
Total
Investments

Fair Value

% of
Total
Investments

(Dollars in thousands)

$

13,442
250,015

1.7% $

30.8

1,569
237,256

0.2% $

29.9

35,577
220,993

4.4%

27.2

U.S. Treasury and U.S.

Government-sponsored
agencies

Municipal securities
Mortgage-backed securities 

and collateralized mortgage 
obligations(1):
Residential
Commercial
Collateralized loan

obligations

Corporate obligations
Other securities(2)

280,211
217,079

4,580

16,770

34.5
26.8

0.6

2.1

309,176
208,318

10,478

16,706

38.9
26.2

1.3

2.1

352,024
179,011

15,097

9,113

43.4
22.0

1.9

1.1

—

100.0%

28,433
Total
$ 810,530
(1) Issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.
(2) Primarily asset-backed securities issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.

11,142
100.0% $ 794,645

100.0% $ 811,869

1.4

3.5

54

The following table provides information regarding our investment securities available for sale, by contractual 
maturity, at December 31, 2017. Equity securities totaling $146,000 are excluded because they have no stated maturity 
dates.

One Year or Less

Over One to Five 
Years

Over Five to Ten 
Years

Over Ten Years

Fair 
Value

Weighted
Average
Yield(2)

Fair 
Value

Weighted
Average
Yield(2)

Fair 
Value

Weighted
Average
Yield(2)

Fair 
Value

Weighted
Average
Yield (2)

(Dollars in thousands)

U.S. Treasury and

U.S. Government-
sponsored
agencies

$

—

—% $

Municipal securities

8,982

3.77

552
69,160

2.03% $

6,902

2.78% $

5,988

3.27

41,357

3.56

130,516

2.01%

3.84

Mortgage-backed 
securities and 
collateralized 
mortgage 
obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Collateralized loan

obligations

Corporate

obligations

Other securities (3)

—

—

—

—

2,549

57,154

1.69

2.10

62,318

109,768

2.24

2.42

215,344

50,157

2.39

2.45

—

—

4,580

2.71

—

—

—
—
8,982

—
—

3,082
—
3.77% $132,497

3.08
—

13,688
—
2.73% $238,613

2.55
—

—
28,287
2.59% $430,292

—
2.41
2.83%

$

Total
(1) Issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.
(2) Taxable equivalent weighted average yield.
(3) Primarily asset-backed securities issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.

35

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan Portfolio

The Bank is a full service commercial bank, which originates a wide variety of loans with a focus on commercial 
business loans. Total loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses, increased $207.3 million, or 7.9%, to $2.82 
billion at December 31, 2017 from $2.61 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase in loans receivable was primarily 
in the non-owner occupied commercial real estate loan class which increased $105.7 million, or 12.0%, to $986.6 
million during the year ended December 31, 2017 and in the owner-occupied commercial real estate loan class which 
increased $64.1 million, or 11.5%, to $622.2 million during the same period. 

The following table provides information about our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated. These 

balances are prior to deduction for the allowance for loan losses.

2017

2016

December 31,

2015

2014

2013

Balance

% of 
(3)

Total

Balance

% of 
(3)

Total

Balance

% of 
(3)

Total

Balance

% of 
(3)

Total

Balance

% of 
(3)

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Commercial
business:

Commercial and

industrial

Owner-occupied
commercial
real estate

Non-owner
occupied
commercial
real estate

Total

commercial
business

One-to-four family 

(1)

residential 

Real estate

$ 645,396

22.7% $ 637,773

24.2% $ 596,726

24.8% $ 570,453

25.3% $ 351,230

28.5%

622,150

21.8

558,035

21.1

572,609

23.8

574,687

25.5

303,073

24.6

986,594

34.6

880,880

33.4

753,986

31.4

663,935

29.5

417,206

33.9

2,254,140

79.1

2,076,688

78.7

1,923,321

80.0

1,809,075

80.3

1,071,509

87.0

86,997

3.1

77,391

2.9

72,548

3.0

69,530

3.1

47,859

3.9

construction and
land
development:

One-to-four
family
residential

Five or more
family
residential and
commercial
properties

Total real 
estate 
construction 
and land 
development 
(2)

Consumer

Gross loans
receivable

Net deferred loan
costs (fees)

Loans receivable,
net

51,985

1.8

50,414

1.9

51,752

2.2

49,195

2.2

21,280

1.7

97,499

3.4

108,764

4.1

55,325

2.3

64,920

2.9

48,655

3.9

149,484

355,091

5.2

12.5

159,178

325,140

6.0

12.3

107,077

298,167

4.5

12.4

114,115

259,294

5.1

11.5

69,935

45,287

5.6

3.7

2,845,712

99.9

2,638,397

99.9

2,401,113

99.9

2,252,014

100.0

1,234,590

100.2

3,359

0.1

2,352

0.1

929

0.1

(937)

—

(2,670)

(0.2)

$2,849,071

100.0% $2,640,749

100.0% $2,402,042

100.0% $ 2,251,077

100.0% $ 1,231,920

100.0%

(1) Excludes loans held for sale of $2.3 million, $11.7 million, $7.7 million and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2017, 

2016, 2015 and 2014 respectively. There were no loans held for sale at December 31, 2013.

(2) Balances are net of undisbursed loan proceeds.
(3) Percent of loans receivable, net.

36

 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents at December 31, 2017 (i) the aggregate contractual maturities of loans in the 
named categories of our loan portfolio and (ii) the aggregate amounts of fixed rate and variable or adjustable rate 
loans in the named categories.

One Year or
Less

Over One to
Five Years

Over Five
Years

Total

Maturing

Commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development

Consumer

Gross loans receivable

Fixed rate loans

Variable or adjustable rate loans

Total

$

$

$

$

(In thousands)

280,477 $
2,313

427,001 $
2,577

1,546,662 $
82,107

2,254,140
86,997

123,802

22,133

114,215 $

3,549
224,901

149,484
355,091

565,926 $

1,857,219 $

2,845,712

15,975 $
422,567 $

109,545 $

394,561 $

500,726 $

1,004,832

313,022

171,365

1,356,493

1,840,880

422,567 $

565,926 $

1,857,219 $

2,845,712

Included in the balance of variable or adjustable rate loans with maturity over five years in the table above are 
certain commercial loans in which the Bank entered into non-hedge interest rate swap contracts with the borrower and 
a third party. Under these derivative contract arrangements, the Bank effectively earns a variable rate of interest based 
on one-month LIBOR plus various margins while the customer pays a fixed rate of interest. At December 31, 2017, 
the Bank had 39 separate interest rate swap contracts with borrowers with notional value of $146.5 million compared 
to 28 separate interest rate swap contracts with borrowers with notional value of $102.7 million at December 31, 2016. 

37

 
 
 
 
The following table provides information about our nonaccrual loans, other real estate owned and performing 

TDR loans for the indicated dates. 

Nonaccrual loans:

Commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Total nonaccrual loans(1)(2)

Other real estate owned

December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

(Dollars in thousands)

$

9,098

$

8,580

$

7,122

$

8,596

$

5,675

81

94

1,247

277

10,703

—

2,008

227

10,909

754

38

2,414

94

9,668

2,019

—

2,831

145

11,572

3,355

340

1,045

685

7,745

4,559

Total nonperforming assets

$ 10,703

$ 11,663

$ 11,687

$ 14,927

$ 12,304

Allowance for loan losses

$ 32,086

$ 31,083

$ 29,746

$ 27,729

$ 28,824

Nonperforming loans to loans receivable,

net

Allowance for loan losses to loans

receivable, net

Allowance for loan losses to
nonperforming loans

0.38%

0.41%

0.40%

0.51%

0.63%

1.13%

1.18%

1.24%

1.23%

2.34%

299.79%

284.93%

307.67%

239.62%

372.16%

Nonperforming assets to total assets

0.26%

0.30%

0.32%

0.43%

0.74%

Performing TDR loans:

Commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

$ 25,729

$ 19,837

$ 17,345

$ 14,421

$ 19,496

218

645

165

227

2,141

83

236

3,014

100

245

3,927

66

702

6,043

101

Total performing TDR loans(3)

$ 26,757

$ 22,288

$ 20,695

$ 18,659

$ 26,342

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more(4)
Potential problem loans(5)

$

— $

— $

— $

— $

6

83,543

87,762

110,357

162,930

67,662

(1) At December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $5.2 million $6.9 million, $6.3 million, $7.3 million and $2.6 

million of nonaccrual loans were considered TDR loans, respectively. 

(2) At December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $1.9 million, $2.8 million $1.3 million, $1.6 million and $1.7 

million of nonaccrual loans were guaranteed by government agencies, respectively.

(3) At December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, $1.4 million, $682,000, $491,000, $751,000 and $1.2 million of 

performing TDR loans were guaranteed by government agencies, respectively. 

(4) Loans that are past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest are those that are both well-secured and in the 

process of collection. There were no accruing loans past due 90 days or more that were guaranteed by government 
agencies at December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014. There were accruing loans past due 90 days or more of 
$6,000 guaranteed by government agencies at December 31, 2013.

(5) Potential problem loans are those loans that are currently accruing interest and are not considered impaired, but 

which are being monitored because the financial information of the borrower causes the Company concern as to the 
borrower’s ability to comply with their loan repayment terms. At December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014 and 2013, 
$3.1 million, $1.1 million, $3.0 million, $2.0 million and $1.8 million of potential problem loans were guaranteed by 
government agencies, respectively. 

Nonperforming Assets.    Nonperforming  assets  consist  of  nonaccrual  loans  and  other  real  estate  owned. 
Nonperforming assets decreased $1.0 million to $10.7 million, or 0.26% of total assets at December 31, 2017 from 
$11.7 million, or 0.30% of total assets, at December 31, 2016 due to the decrease in nonaccrual loans discussed below 

38

 
 
 
as well as a decrease in other real estate owned. The Bank had no other real estate owned at December 31, 2017, a 
decrease of $754,000 from December 31, 2016.  The decrease in other real estate owned was due to the disposition 
of all other real estate owned properties during the year ended December 31, 2017. 

Nonaccrual Loans.    Nonaccrual loans decreased $206,000 to $10.7 million, or 0.38% of loans receivable, 
net, at December 31, 2017 from $10.9 million, or 0.41% of loans receivable, net, at December 31, 2016. The decrease 
was due to net principal payments of $5.2 million, net charge-offs of $1.2 million and loans transferred from nonaccrual 
to a status of accruing of $1.0 million. The decrease in total nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2017 was offset by 
additions to nonaccrual loans of $7.2 million, of which $3.3 million and $1.6 million were previously potential problem 
loans and performing TDR loans, respectively, that were transferred to nonaccrual status. Nonaccrual loans totaling 
$3.8 million at December 31, 2017 had a related allowance for loan losses of $720,000 compared to nonaccrual loans 
of $4.6 million at December 31, 2016 with related allowance for loan losses of $770,000. 

Troubled  Debt  Restructured  Loans. TDR  loans  are  considered  impaired  and  are  separately  measured  for 
impairment whether on accrual or nonaccrual status. At December 31, 2017, nonperforming TDR loans included in 
the nonaccrual loan balance was $5.2 million and had a related allowance for loan losses of $379,000. At December 31, 
2016, nonperforming TDR loans of $6.9 million had a related allowance for loan losses of $437,000.

The performing TDR loans are not considered nonperforming assets as they continue to accrue interest despite 
being  considered  impaired  due  to  the  restructured  status.  Performing  TDR  loans  as  of  December 31,  2017  and 
December 31, 2016 were $26.8 million and $22.3 million, respectively. The $4.5 million increase in performing TDR 
loans  during  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  was  primarily  due  to  loans  restructured  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017 of $15.4 million and principal additions of $712,000, offset partially by net principal reductions of 
$10.1 million, loans transferred to nonaccrual status of $1.6 million and net charge-offs of $16,000. The related allowance 
for loan losses on performing TDR loans was $2.6 million as of December 31, 2017 and $2.0 million as of December 31, 
2016.

Potential  Problem  Loans.  Potential  problem  loans  decreased  $4.2  million,  or  4.8%,  to  $83.5  million  at 
December 31, 2017 from $87.8 million at December 31, 2016 primarily due to net loan payments of $37.6 million, 
upgrade of potential problem loans to pass rated loans of $5.3 million, a potential problem loan transferred to held-
for-sale of $5.8 million, potential problem loans transferred to impaired status of $6.0 million, potential problem loans 
restructured as TDRs of $841,000, and net charge-offs of $700,000, offset partially by loan downgrades to potential 
problem loans of $52.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2017. 

39

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table provides information regarding changes in our allowance for loan losses at and for the 

indicated years:

At or For the Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

(Dollars in thousands)

$

31,083

$

29,746

$

27,729

$

28,824

$

28,594

4,220

4,931

4,372

4,594

3,672

(2,438)

(30)

(556)

(1,814)

(4,838)

947

2

202

470

1,621

(3,217)

(4,153)

—

(154)

(1,778)

(6,085)

1,844

2

83

562

2,491

(3,594)

(1,676)

—

(106)

(1,700)

(3,482)

476

13

100

538

1,127

(2,355)

(5,252)

(31)

(345)

(969)

(6,597)

716

7

43

142

908

(3,073)

(52)

(565)

(681)

(4,371)

808

—

32

89

929

(5,689)

(3,442)

$

32,086

$

31,083

$

29,746

$

27,729

$

28,824

$ 2,845,712

$ 2,638,397

$ 2,401,113

$ 2,252,014

$ 1,234,590

2,703,934

2,489,730

2,316,175

1,871,696

1,124,828

(0.12)%

(0.14)%

(0.10)%

(0.30)%

(0.31)%

Allowance for loan losses at
beginning of the year

Provision for loan losses

Charge-offs:

Commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and

land development

Consumer

Total charge-offs

Recoveries:

Commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and

land development

Consumer

Total recoveries

Net charge-offs

Allowance for loan losses at end

of the year

Gross loans receivable at end of 

the year (1)

Average loans receivable during 

the year (1)

Ratio of net charge-offs on loans
to average loans receivable

(1) Excludes loans held for sale.

40

 
 
 
The following table shows the allocation of the allowance for loan losses at the indicated dates. The allocation 
is based upon an evaluation of defined loan problems, historical loan loss ratios, and industry-wide and other factors 
that affect loan losses in the categories shown below:

December 31,

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

% of
Total (1)

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

% of
Total (1)

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

% of
Total (1)
(Dollars in thousands)

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

% of
Total (1)

Allowance
for Loan
Losses

% of
Total (1)

$ 21,999

79.1% $ 22,382

78.8% $ 22,064

80.1% $ 20,186

80.3% $ 22,853

86.7%

1,056

3.1

1,015

2.9

1,157

3.0

1,200

3.1

1,100

2,052

6,081

898

5.3

12.5

—

2,156

5,024

506

6.0

12.3

—

1,871

4,309

345

4.5

12.4

—

2,758

2,769

816

5.1

11.5

—

2,673

1,597

601

3.9

5.7

3.7

—

$ 32,086

100.0% $ 31,083

100.0% $ 29,746

100.0% $ 27,729

100.0% $ 28,824

100.0%

Commercial
business

One-to-four
family
residential

Real estate

construction

Consumer

Unallocated

Total

allowance
for loan
losses

(1) Represents the percent of loans receivable by loan category to total gross loans receivable.

The  allowance  for  loan  losses  increased $1.0  million,  or 3.2%,  to  $32.1  million  at  December 31,  2017
from $31.1 million at December 31, 2016 due to a provision for loan losses of $4.2 million, offset by net charge-offs 
of $3.2 million recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017. Net charge-offs for the years ended December 
31, 2017 and 2016 included PCI pool closure charge-offs of $1.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively.

As  of  December 31,  2017,  the  Bank  identified  $10.7  million  of  nonperforming  loans  and  $26.8  million  of 
performing TDR loans for a total of $37.5 million of impaired loans. Of these impaired loans, $10.4 million had no 
allowances for loan losses as their estimated collateral value or discounted expected cash flow is equal to or exceeds 
their carrying costs. The remaining $27.1 million had related allowances for loan losses totaling $3.4 million. As of 
December 31, 2016, the Bank identified $10.9 million of nonperforming loans and $22.3 million of performing TDR 
loans for a total of $33.2 million of impaired loans. Of these impaired loans, $10.1 million had no allowances for loan 
losses  as  their  estimated  collateral  value  or  discounted  expected  cash  flow  is  equal  to  or  exceeds  their  carrying 
costs. The remaining $23.1 million had related allowances for loan losses totaling $2.7 million. 

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table outlines the allowance for loan losses and related outstanding loan balances on loans at 

December 31, 2017 and 2016:

General Valuation Allowance:

Allowance for loan losses

Gross loans, excluding PCI and impaired loans

Percentage

PCI Allowance:

Allowance for loan losses

Gross PCI loans

Percentage

Specific Valuation Allowance:

Allowance for loan losses

Gross impaired loans

Percentage

Total Allowance for Loan Losses:

Allowance for loan losses

Gross loans receivable

Percentage

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(Dollars in thousands)

24,732

$

2,767,650

0.89%

21,791

2,540,751

0.86%

3,999

$

40,603

9.85%

3,355

$

37,459

8.96%

6,558

64,448

10.18%

2,734

33,198

8.24%

32,086

$

2,845,712

1.13%

31,083

2,638,397

1.18%

$

$

$

$

Based on the Bank's established comprehensive methodology, management deemed the allowance for loan 
losses of $32.1 million at December 31, 2017 (1.13% of loans receivable, net and 299.79% of nonperforming loans) 
appropriate to provide for probable incurred credit losses based on an evaluation of known and inherent risks in the 
loan portfolio at that date. This compares to an allowance for loan losses at December 31, 2016 of $31.1 million (1.18%
of loans receivable, net and 284.93% of nonperforming loans). 

While the Bank believes it has established its existing allowance for loan losses in accordance with GAAP, 
there can be no assurance that regulators, in reviewing the Bank's loan portfolios, will not request the Bank to increase 
its allowance for loan losses. In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted 
with certainty, there can be no assurance that the existing allowance for loan losses is appropriate or that increased 
provisions will not be necessary should the quality of the loans deteriorate. Any material increase in the allowance for 
loan losses would adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. 

Deposits

Total deposits increased $163.4 million, or 5.1%, to $3.39 billion at December 31, 2017 from $3.23 billion at 
December 31, 2016 due primarily to a $87.9 million, or 9.1%, increase in interest bearing demand deposits to $1.05 
billion at December 31, 2017 from $963.8 million at December 31, 2016 and a $62.7 million, or 7.1%, increase in 
noninterest demand deposits to $944.8 million at December 31, 2017 from $882.1 million at December 31, 2016. Non-
maturity  deposits  as  a  percentage  of  total  deposits  decreased  to  88.3%  at  December 31,  2017  from  88.9%  at 
December 31, 2016. The decrease in this ratio was primarily due to a lower proportional increase of total non-maturity 
deposits compared to the increase in certificate of deposit accounts. Certificate of deposit accounts increased $41.0 
million, or 11.5%, to $398.4 million at December 31, 2017 from $357.4 million at December 31, 2016.

42

 
 
 
The following table provides the balances outstanding for each major category of deposits at the dates indicated:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

December 31, 2015

Amount

Percent of
Total

Amount

Percent of
Total

Amount

Percent of
Total

(Dollars in thousands)

Noninterest demand deposits

$ 944,791

27.8% $ 882,091

27.3% $ 770,927

24.8%

Interest bearing demand

deposits

Money market accounts
Savings accounts

Total non-maturity deposits
Certificate of deposit accounts

Total deposits

1,051,752
499,618
498,501
2,994,662
398,398
$3,393,060

31.1
14.7
14.7
88.3
11.7

963,821
523,875
502,460
2,872,247
357,401

29.8
16.2
15.6
88.9
11.1

917,859
545,342
453,826
2,687,954
420,333

29.5
17.6
14.6
86.5
13.5

100.0% $3,229,648

100.0% $3,108,287

100.0%

The following table provides the average balances outstanding and the weighted average interest rates for 

each major category of deposits for the years indicated:

Years Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Average
Balance

Average
Yield/Rate

Average
Balance

Average
Yield/Rate

Average
Balance

Average
Yield/Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

$ 1,498,619
499,435

378,044

0.17% $ 1,464,198

0.16% $ 1,374,757

0.26

0.59

485,482

388,286

0.16

0.50

405,633

464,277

2,376,098

0.25

2,337,966

0.21

2,244,667

902,716
$ 3,278,814

—

829,912

—

740,718

0.18% $ 3,167,878

0.16% $ 2,985,385

0.17%

0.11

0.51

0.23

—

0.18%

Interest bearing demand
deposits and money
market accounts

Savings accounts

Certificate of deposit

accounts

Total interest bearing

deposits

Noninterest demand

deposits

Total deposits

The following table shows the amount and maturity of certificate of deposit accounts of $250,000 or more:

Remaining maturity:

Three months or less
Over three months through twelve months
Over twelve months through three years
Over three years

Total

Borrowings

December 31, 2017

(In thousands)

$

$

26,199

56,897

19,388

11,214

113,698

Borrowed funds provide an additional source of funding for loan growth. Our borrowed funds consist primarily 
of borrowings from the FHLB of Des Moines as well as securities repurchase agreements. The FHLB advances are 

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
typically secured by first lien one-to-four family residential loans, commercial real estate loans and stock issued by the 
FHLB, which is owned by us. Securities repurchase agreements are secured by investment securities.

At December 31, 2017, the Bank maintained a credit facility with the FHLB of Des Moines in the amount of 
$881.1 million, of which $92.5 million was advanced. At December 31, 2016 there were FHLB advances outstanding 
of $79.6 million. During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Bank had average balances of FHLB 
advances of $105.6 million and $13.3 million, respectively.

 At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Bank had securities sold under agreement to repurchase of $31.8 million

and $22.1 million, respectively.

Stockholders' Equity and Capital

Total stockholders’ equity increased $26.5 million, or 5.5%, to $508.3 million at December 31, 2017 from $481.8 
million at December 31, 2016. This increase was primarily due to net income of $41.8 million, stock-based compensation 
expense of $2.1 million and accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $1.5 million, partially offset by cash 
dividends in the amount of $18.3 million.

Quarterly, the Company reviews the potential payment of cash dividends to common shareholders. The timing 
and amount of cash dividends paid on our common stock depends on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, 
financial condition and other relevant factors. Dividends on common stock from the Company depend substantially 
upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is the Company’s predominant source of income. The following table 
sets forth the dividends paid per common share and the dividend payout ratio:

Dividends paid per common share
Dividend payout ratio (1) 

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

0.61

43.9%

(In thousands
$

0.72

$

55.4%

0.53

42.4%

(1) Dividends paid per common share as a percentage of earnings per diluted common share.

Subsequent to year end, on January 24, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a dividend of $0.15

per share which was paid on February 21, 2018 to shareholders of record as of February 7, 2018.

See “Item 6. Selected Financial Data” for our return on average assets, return on average equity and average 

equity to average assets ratios for all reported periods.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements as prescribed by the Federal 
Reserve and by the FDIC, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company and the Bank were classified as “well 
capitalized” institutions under the criteria established by these banking regulators. For additional information regarding 
the Company’s and the Bank’s regulatory capital requirements, see “Supervision and Regulation-Capital Adequacy” 
in “Item 1. Business” and Note (21) Regulatory Capital Requirements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data.” 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we enter into various types of transactions that include commitments to 
extend credit that are not included in our Consolidated Financial Statements. We apply the same credit standards to 
these commitments as we use in all our lending activities and have included these commitments in our lending risk 
evaluations. Our exposure to credit loss under commitments to extend credit is represented by the amount of these 
commitments. The Company had off-balance sheet loan commitments, including letters of credit, aggregating $713.2 
million at December 31, 2017, an increase of $87.2 million, or 13.9%, from $626.0 million at December 31, 2016. For 
additional information, see Note (14) Commitments and Contingencies included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data.”

44

 
 
 
 
 
Average Balances, Yields and Rates Paid for the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 

Our core profitability depends primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the income 
we receive on our loan and investment portfolios, and our cost of funds, which consists of interest paid on deposits 
and borrowed funds. Like most financial institutions, our interest income and cost of funds are affected significantly 
by general economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates and government policies.

Changes in net interest income result from changes in volume, net interest spread, and net interest margin. 
Volume refers to the average dollar amounts of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities. Net interest 
spread refers to the difference between the average yield on interest earning assets and the average cost of interest 
bearing liabilities. Net interest margin refers to net interest income divided by average interest earning assets and is 
influenced by the level and relative mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing and noninterest bearing liabilities.

The following table provides relevant net interest income information for selected periods. The average daily 
loan balances presented in the table are net of allowances for loan losses. Nonaccrual loans have been included in 
the tables as loans carrying a zero yield. Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans have not been presented on a tax-
equivalent basis.

Year Ended December 31,

2017

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Balance

Average
Yield/
Rate

Average
Balance

2016

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Yield/
Rate

Average
Balance

2015

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Yield/
Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

Assets:
Total loans

receivable,
net

Taxable

securities

Nontaxable
securities

Other interest
earning
assets

Total interest
earning
assets

Noninterest
earning
assets

Total

$ 2,703,934

$129,213

4.78% $ 2,489,730

$122,147

4.91% $ 2,316,175

$121,687

5.25%

570,969

12,688

2.22

589,867

11,215

1.90

548,787

9,578

1.75

226,934

5,269

2.32

221,708

4,870

2.20

204,443

4,196

2.05

54,758

710

1.30

44,951

280

0.62

80,882

278

0.34

3,556,595

147,880

4.16

3,346,256

138,512

4.14

3,150,287

135,739

4.31

424,757

assets

$ 3,981,352

399,279

$ 3,745,535

377,228

$ 3,527,515

Liabilities and

Stockholders'
Equity:

Certificate of
deposit
accounts

Savings

accounts

Interest bearing
demand and
money
market
accounts

Total interest
bearing
deposits

Junior

subordinated
debentures

$ 378,044

$

2,244

0.59% $ 388,286

$

1,936

0.50% $ 464,277

$

2,386

0.51%

499,435

1,311

0.26

485,482

756

0.16

405,633

445

0.11

1,498,619

2,494

0.17

1,464,198

2,318

0.16

1,374,757

2,398

0.17

2,376,098

6,049

0.25

2,337,966

5,010

0.21

2,244,667

5,229

0.23

19,860

1,014

5.11

19,565

880

4.50

19,271

827

4.29

45

 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,

2017

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Balance

Average
Yield/
Rate

Average
Balance

2016

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Yield/
Rate

Average
Balance

2015

Interest
Earned/
Paid

Average
Yield/
Rate

(Dollars in thousands)

105,648

1,226

1.16

13,349

74

0.55

1,777

6

0.34

25,434

57

0.22

20,392

42

0.21

23,522

58

0.25

2,527,040

8,346

0.33

2,391,272

6,006

0.25

2,289,237

6,120

0.27

902,716

51,820

499,776

829,912

38,474

485,877

740,718

33,458

464,102

$ 3,981,352

$ 3,745,535

$ 3,527,515

$139,534

$132,506

$129,619

3.83%

3.92%

3.89%

3.96%

4.04%

4.11%

140.74%

139.94%

137.61%

FHLB

advances
and other
borrowings

Securities sold

under
agreement to
repurchase

Total

interest
bearing
liabilities

Demand and

other
noninterest
bearing
deposits

Other

noninterest
bearing
liabilities

Stockholders’

equity

Total

liabilitie
s and
stockho
lders’
equity

Net interest
income

Net interest
spread

Net interest
margin

Average

interest
earning
assets to
average
interest
bearing
liabilities

46

 
 
 
 
The following table provides the amount of change in our net interest income attributable to changes in volume 
and changes in interest rates. Changes attributable to the combined effect of volume and interest rates have been 
allocated proportionately for changes due specifically to volume and interest rates.

Year Ended December 31,

2017 Compared to 2016
Increase (Decrease) Due to

2016 Compared to 2015
Increase (Decrease) Due to

Volume

Rate

Total

Volume

Rate

Total

(In thousands)

Interest Earning Assets:

Loans

Taxable securities
Nontaxable securities

Other interest earning assets

Interest income

Interest Bearing Liabilities:

Certificate of deposit accounts

Savings accounts

Interest bearing demand and
money market accounts

Total interest bearing deposits

Junior subordinated debentures

Securities sold under agreement

to repurchase

FHLB advances and other

borrowings

Interest expense

Net Interest Income

$

$

$

$

$

10,236 $
(420)
121

127

(3,170) $
1,893

7,066 $
1,473

8,515 $
781

(8,055) $
856

278

303

399

430

379

(224)

295

226

460
1,637

674

2

10,064 $

(696) $

9,368 $

9,451 $

(6,678) $

2,773

(61) $
37

57

33

15

11

1,071
1,130 $
8,934 $

369 $

308 $

(379) $

(71) $

518

555

119

1,006

119

4

81

176

1,039

134

15

1,152

124

142

(113)

13

(6)

64

187

(222)

(106)

40

(10)

4

1,210 $

2,340 $

(42) $

(72) $

(450)

311

(80)

(219)

53

(16)

68

(114)

(1,906) $

7,028 $

9,493 $

(6,606) $

2,887

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 

Earnings Summary

Net income was $41.8 million, or $1.39 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $38.9 million, or $1.30 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase 
in net income of $2.9 million, or 7.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 
31, 2016 was primarily the result of an increase in net interest income of $7.0 million, or 5.3%, and an increase in total 
noninterest income of $3.8 million, or 12.0%, partially offset by an increase in income tax expense of $4.6 million, or 
33.0%, and an increase in total noninterest expense of $4.1 million, or 3.9%.

The net interest margin decreased four basis points to 3.92% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared 
to 3.96% for the same period in 2016 primarily due to a decrease in loan yields, which is included in the table below.

The efficiency ratio consists of noninterest expense divided by the sum of net interest income before provision 
for  loan  losses  plus  noninterest  income.  The  Company’s  efficiency  ratio  improved  to  63.21%  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017 from 64.87% for the year ended December 31, 2016. The improvement in the efficiency ratio for 
the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 was primarily attributable to the 
increases in net interest income and noninterest income.

Noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets (or overhead ratio) is a metric utilized by the Bank 
to  monitor  its  performance  exclusive  of  the  impact  of  market  conditions  on  net  interest  margin.  The  Company's 
noninterest expense ratio decreased to 2.78% for the year ended December 31, 2017 from 2.84% during year ended 
December  31,  2016.  The  decrease  reflects  the  Company's  growth  in  average  assets  and  its  efforts  to  reduce 
discretionary operating costs.

47

 
 
 
 
Net Interest Income    

One of the Company's key sources of earnings is net interest income. There are several factors that affect net 
interest income including, but not limited to, the volume, pricing, mix and maturity of interest earning assets and interest 
bearing liabilities; the volume of noninterest bearing deposits and other liabilities and stockholders' equity; the volume 
of noninterest earning assets; market interest rate fluctuations; and asset quality. Net interest income increased $7.0 
million, or 5.3%, to $139.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $132.5 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2016. The increase in net interest income was primarily due to increases in average interest 
earning assets and yields on interest earning assets. 

Interest Income

Total interest income increased $9.4 million, or 6.8%, to $147.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 
compared to $138.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The balance of average interest earning assets 
increased $210.3 million, or 6.3%, to $3.56 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $3.35 billion for the 
year ended December 31, 2016. The yield on total interest earning assets increased two basis points to 4.16% for the 
year ended December 31, 2017 from 4.14% for the year ended December 31, 2016. 

Interest income from interest and fees on loans increased $7.1 million, or 5.8%, to $129.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 from $122.1 million for the same period in 2016 due primarily to an increase in average 
loans receivable, offset partially by a decrease in average loan yields. Average loans receivable increased $214.2 
million, or 8.6%, to $2.70 billion for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $2.49 billion for the year ended 
December 31, 2016 as a result of loan growth. Average loan yields decreased 13 basis points to 4.78% for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 from 4.91% for the year ended December 31, 2016.  While variable indexed rates had 
increased during 2017, loan yield, excluding incremental accretion on purchased loans, decreased seven basis points 
to  4.55%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017  compared  to  4.62%  for  the  year  ended  2016  due  primarily  to  a 
combination of lower consumer indirect loan yields during 2017, fewer payments in 2017 to resolve nonperforming or 
charged-off  loans  and  lower  prepayment  penalties  received  in  2017  as  compared  to  2016.   Average  loan  yields 
secondarily decreased as a result of a decrease in incremental accretion income on purchased loans, which had the 
impact of loan yields of 0.23% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 0.29% for the year ended December 
31, 2017. Incremental accretion income was $6.3 million and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 
2016, respectively. The decrease in the incremental accretion was primarily a result of a continued decline in the 
purchased loan balances and a decrease in the prepayments of purchased loans during the year ended December 
31, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016. The incremental accretion and the impact to loan yield will change 
during any period based on the volume of prepayments, but is expected to decrease over time as the balance of the 
purchased loans continues to decrease.

The following table presents the average loan yield and effects of the incremental accretion on purchased 

loans for the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016:

Loan yield, excluding incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Impact on loan yield from incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Loan yield

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

(Dollars in thousands)

4.55%
0.23
4.78%

4.62%
0.29
4.91%

Incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)

$

6,320

$

7,155

(1) As of the dates of the completion of each of the merger and acquisition transactions, purchased loans were recorded at their 
estimated fair value, including our estimate of future expected cash flows until the ultimate resolution of these credits. The difference 
between the contractual loan balance and the fair value represents the purchased discount. The purchased discount is modified 
quarterly as a result of cash flow re-estimation. The incremental accretion income represents the amount of income recorded on the 
purchased loans in excess of the contractual stated interest rate in the individual loan notes.

Total interest income increased primarily due to the increase in interest and fees on loans discussed above 
and secondarily due to an increase in interest income on investment securities of $1.9 million, or 11.6%, to $18.0 
million during the year ended December 31, 2017 from $16.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The 
increase in interest income on investment securities was the result of an increase in average investment yields for the 
year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the same period in 2016, offset partially by a decrease in the average 
balance of investment securities. Average yields on taxable securities increased 32 basis points to 2.22% for the year 

48

 
 
 
 
 
ended December 31, 2017 from 1.90% for the same period in 2016. The increase is primarily the result of the rise in 
interest rates on the adjustable rate investment securities. Average yields on nontaxable securities increased 12 basis 
points to 2.32% for the year ended December 31, 2017 from 2.20% for the same period in 2016. The average balance 
of investment securities decreased $13.7 million, or 1.7%, to $797.9 million during the year ended December 31, 2017
from $811.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company has actively managed its investment 
securities portfolio to mitigate declines in loan yields.

Average other interest earning assets increased $9.8 million, or 21.8%, to $54.8 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2017 compared to $45.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase was due primarily 
to an increase in interest earning deposits, as the Bank held more funds in interest earning accounts at the Federal 
Reserve Bank of San Francisco compared to the same period in 2016.

Interest Expense

Total interest expense increased $2.3 million, or 39.0%, to $8.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $6.0 million for the same period in 2016. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased eight
basis points to 0.33% for the year ended December 31, 2017 from 0.25% for the year ended December 31, 2016. 
Total average interest bearing liabilities increased $135.8 million, or 5.7%, to $2.53 billion for the year ended December 
31, 2017 from $2.39 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in costs from the prior year was 
primarily a result of increases in market rates and the increased use of higher cost borrowings to fund asset growth.

The average cost of interest bearing deposits increased four basis points to 0.25% for the year ended December 

31, 2017 from 0.21% for the same period in 2016 due primarily to an increase in the cost of savings accounts.

Interest  expense  on  savings  accounts  increased  $555,000,  or  73.4%,  to  $1.3  million  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2017 from $756,000 for the same period in 2016 due to increases in both the average balance and cost 
of savings accounts. The average balance of savings accounts increased $14.0 million, or 2.9%, to $499.4 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2017 from $485.5 million for the same period in 2016. The cost of savings accounts 
increased ten basis points to 0.26% for the year ended December 31, 2017 from 0.16% for the same period in 2016. 

Interest expense of certificate of deposit accounts increased $308,000, or 15.91%, to $2.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2017. The average balance of certificate of deposit accounts decreased $10.2 million, or 2.64%, 
to $378.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $388.3 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016 while the cost of certificate of deposit accounts increased to 0.59% for the year ended December 31, 2017 from 
0.50% for the same period in 2016.

Interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings increased $1.2 million to $1.2 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2017 from $74,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 due to a combination of an increase 
in average balances and an increase in the cost of funds. The average balance for FHLB advances and other borrowings 
increased $92.3 million to $105.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $13.3 million for the same period 
in 2016, due primarily to fund loan growth. The average rate of the FHLB advances and other borrowings increased 
61 basis points for the year ended December 31, 2017 to 1.16% from 0.55% for the same period in 2016.

The  average  rate  of  the  junior  subordinated  debentures,  including  the  effects  of  accretion  of  the  discount 
established as of the date of the merger with Washington Banking Company, was 5.11% for the year ended December 
31, 2017, an increase of 61 basis points from 4.50% for the same period in 2016. The rate increase on the debentures 
was  due  primarily  to  an  increase  in  the  three-month  LIBOR  rate  to  1.69%  at  December 31,  2017  from  1.00%  on 
December 31, 2016.

Net Interest Margin

Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased four basis points to 3.92% from 3.96%
for the same period in 2016 primarily due to the above mentioned decrease in the loan yields (both including and 
excluding the impact of incremental accretion on purchased loans) and increase in cost of funds, offset partially by 
the increase in average loan receivable balances and the increase in yields on taxable and nontaxable securities. The 
net interest spread for the year ended December 31, 2017 decreased six basis points to 3.83% from 3.89% for the 
same period in 2016. 

49

 
 
 
 
 
Net interest margin is impacted by the incremental accretion on purchased loans. The following table presents 
the net interest margin and effects of the incremental accretion on purchased loans for the year ended December 31, 
2017 and 2016:

Net interest margin, excluding incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Impact on net interest margin from incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Net interest margin

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

3.74%

0.18

3.92%

3.75%

0.21

3.96%

(1) As of the dates of the completion of each of the merger and acquisition transactions, purchased loans were recorded at their 
estimated fair value, including our estimate of future expected cash flows until the ultimate resolution of these credits. The difference 
between the contractual loan balance and the fair value represents the purchased discount. The purchased discount is modified 
quarterly as a result of cash flow re-estimation. The incremental accretion income represents the amount of income recorded on the 
purchased loans in excess of the contractual stated interest rate in the individual loan notes.

Provision for Loan Losses

The Bank has established a comprehensive methodology for determining its allowance for loan losses. The 
allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions for loan losses charged to expense, and is reduced by loans 
charged-off, net of loan recoveries or a recovery of previous provision. The amount of the provision expense recognized 
during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was calculated in accordance with the Bank's methodology. For 
additional information, see “—Critical Accounting Policies” above. 

The provision for loan losses is dependent on the Bank’s ability to manage asset quality and control the level 
of net charge-offs through prudent underwriting standards. In addition, a decline in general economic conditions could 
increase future provisions for loan losses and have a material effect on the Company’s net income.

The provision for loan losses decreased $711,000, or 14.4% to $4.2 million for the year ended December 31, 
2017 from $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in the provision for loan losses for the 
year ended December 31, 2017 from the same period in 2016 was primarily the result of continued improvements in 
our asset quality, changes in the volume and mix of loans, changes in certain environmental factors and improvements 
in certain historical loss factors, partially offset by the impact of loan growth. Based on a thorough review of the loan 
portfolio, the Bank determined that the provision for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2017 was appropriate 
as it was calculated in accordance with the Bank's methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses.

Noninterest Income    

Total noninterest income increased $3.8 million, or 12.0%, to $35.4 million for the year ended December 31, 
2017 compared to $31.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The following table presents the change in 
the key components of noninterest income for the periods noted.

Year Ended December 31,

2017

Change
2017 vs.
2016
(Dollars in thousands)

2016

Percentage
Change

Service charges and other fees

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

$

18,004 $
6

7,696

1,045

8,657

14,354 $

1,315

6,994

1,854

7,102

3,650

(1,309)

702

(809)

1,555

3,789

25.4%

(99.5)

10.0

(43.6)

21.9

12.0%

$

35,408 $

31,619 $

Gain on sale of loans, net

Interest rate swap fees

Other income

     Total noninterest income

Service charges and other fees increased $3.7 million, or 25.4% to $18.0 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2017 compared to $14.4 million for the same period in 2016, due primarily to an increase in deposit 
balances and changes in fee structures on deposit accounts, including a consumer deposit account consolidation 
process completed at the end of 2016 and a business deposit consolidation process completed during second 
quarter 2017.

Other income increased $1.6 million, or 21.9%, to $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 
compared to $7.1 million for the same period in 2016, due primarily to net gain on sales of two former Heritage 

50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank branches held for sale of $682,000 recognized during the year ended December 31, 2017 and increases in 
recoveries of zero balance purchased loan notes which were charged-off prior to the consummation of the related 
merger acquisition.  

Gain on sale of loans, net increased $702,000, or 10.0% to $7.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $7.0 million for the same period in 2016, due primarily to an increase in gain on sale of other loans of 
$743,000. During both years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Bank sold one loan previously classified as 
purchased credit impaired for gain on sale. Secondarily, gain on sale of guaranteed portion of SBA loans, net increased 
$270,000 due primarily to an increase in proceeds from sale of the guaranteed portion of SBA loans of $3.3 million, 
or 19.4%, to $20.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $16.8 million for the same period in 
2016. The detail of gain on sale of loans, net is included in the following schedule.

Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net

Gain on sale of guaranteed portion of SBA loans, net

Gain on sale of other loans, net

     Gain on sale of loans, net

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

Change
2017 vs.
2016

Percentage
Change

(Dollars in thousands)

$

$

3,412 $
1,286
2,998
7,696 $

3,723 $

(311)

(8.4)%

1,016

2,255

6,994 $

270

743

702

26.6

32.9

10.0 %

The increase in noninterest income was partially offset by a decrease in gain on sale of investment securities, 
net of $1.3 million, or 99.5%, to $6,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 from $1.3 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily the result of fewer sales as the Bank actively managed its investment 
portfolio. The proceeds from sale of investment securities was $31.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $140.4 million for the same period in 2016.

Noninterest Expense  

Noninterest expense increased $4.1 million, or 3.9%, to $110.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017
compared to $106.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The following table presents changes in the key 
components of noninterest expense for the periods noted.

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

Change
2016 vs.
2015

Percentage
Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Compensation and employee benefits

$

64,268 $

61,405 $

2,863

Occupancy and equipment

15,396

15,763

Data processing

Marketing

Professional services

State and local taxes

Federal deposit insurance premium

Other real estate owned, net

Amortization of intangible assets

Other expense

     Total noninterest expense

8,176

2,943

4,777

2,461

1,435

(70)

1,286

9,903

7,312

2,835

3,606

2,616

1,620

334

1,415

9,567

(367)

864

108

1,171

(155)

(185)

(404)

(129)

336

4.7%

(2.3)

11.8

3.8

32.5

(5.9)

(11.4)

(121.0)

(9.1)

3.5

3.9%

$ 110,575 $ 106,473 $

4,102

Compensation and employee benefits increased $2.9 million, or 4.7%, to $64.3 million during the year ended 
December 31, 2017 from $61.4 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in the year ended 
December 31, 2017 compared to 2016 was primarily due to senior level staffing increases, including the addition of 
the new Portland, Oregon lending team members who started in May 2017, and standard salary increases.

Professional services increased $1.2 million, or 32.5%, to $4.8 million during the year ended December 31, 
2017 from $3.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in the year ended December 31, 2017

51

 
compared to 2016 was primarily due to due to benefit-based consulting fees related to the consumer deposit account 
consolidation process, which correspondingly generated an increase in service charges and other fees. Professional 
services also increased as a result of Trust-related expenses based on a renegotiated contract for 2017, which also 
increased other noninterest income, and costs incurred for our recent merger with Puget Sound of $810,000 during 
the year ended December 31, 2017. 

Data processing increased $864,000, or 11.8%, to $8.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2017 
from $7.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 primarily due to higher transactional activity in the core 
operating system and internet banking as a result of the growth in loans and deposits.

Other real estate owned, net decreased $404,000 or 121.0%, to income of $70,000 during the year ended 
December 31, 2017 compared to expense of $334,000 during the year ended December 31, 2016. The Bank had no
other real estate owned at year ended December 31, 2017 compared to $754,000 at year ended December 31, 2016. 
The income recorded during the year ended December 31, 2017 was due to gain on sale of properties of $144,000, 
partially offset by maintenance expense of $75,000. For the year ended December 31, 2016, the Bank recorded a 
valuation adjustment of $383,000 and maintenance expense of $124,000, which was partially offset by the gain on 
sale of properties of $173,000. 

The  ratio  of  noninterest  expense  to  average  assets  was  2.78%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2017, 
compared to 2.84% for the year ended December 31, 2016. The decrease was primarily a result of an increase in 
assets and cost efficiencies gained through efforts by the Company to manage discretionary expenses.

Income Tax Expense 

Income tax expense increased by $4.6 million, or 33.0%, to $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 
2017 from $13.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2016. The increase in the income tax expense during the 
year ended December 31, 2017 was primarily due to higher pre-tax net income and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted 
December 22, 2017, which required a revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for the future impact 
of the decrease in corporate tax rate to 21% from 35% and other provisions of the legislation. The estimated revaluation 
of the net deferred tax asset increased income tax expense by $2.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. 
Certain  amounts  of  the  revaluation  are  considered  reasonable  estimates  of  the  impact  of  the  legislation  as  of 
December 31, 2017. As a result, the amounts could be adjusted during the measurement period, which will end in 
December 2018. 

The effective tax rate was 30.5% for the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to 26.2% for the same 
period in 2016. The increase in the effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2017 compared to the same 
period in 2016 was due primarily to the revaluation of net deferred tax asset as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act 
and a lower proportion of tax-exempt income to total pre-tax income. For additional information, see Note (20) Income 
Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data.”

Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 

Earnings Summary

Net income was $38.9 million, or $1.30 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to $37.5 million, or $1.25 per diluted common share, for the year ended December 31, 2015. The $1.4 
million, or 3.8% increase in net income for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 
31, 2015 was primarily the result of a $2.9 million, or 2.2%, increase in net interest income, primarily as a result of the 
increase in interest earning assets, offset partially by a decrease in the net interest margin. The net interest margin 
decreased 15 basis points to 3.96% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 4.11% for the same period 
in 2015.

The Company’s efficiency ratio decreased to 64.9% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 65.6% for 
the  year  ended  December  31,  2015. The  decrease  in  the  efficiency  ratio  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016 
compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 is attributable primarily to the above mentioned increase in net interest 
income. 

The Company's noninterest expense ratio decreased to 2.84% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 
3.01% during the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease reflects the Company's growth in average assets 
and its efforts to reduce discretionary operating costs.

Net Interest Income    

52

Net interest income increased $2.9 million, or 2.2%, to $132.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to $129.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in net interest income was primarily 
due to an increase in average interest earning assets, partially offset by a decrease in the yield on average interest 
earning assets during the year ended December 31, 2016. 

Interest Income

Total interest income increased $2.8 million, or 2.0%, to $138.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to $135.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The balance of average interest earning assets 
increased $196.0 million, or 6.2%, to $3.35 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $3.15 billion for the 
year ended December 31, 2015. The yield on total interest earning assets decreased 17 basis points to 4.14% for the 
year ended December 31, 2016 from 4.31% for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

Total interest income increased primarily due to the $2.3 million, or 16.8%, increase in interest income on 
investment securities to $16.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $13.8 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 as a result of both an increase in average balances and an increase in investment yields for the 
for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the year ended December 31, 2015. The average balances of 
taxable and nontaxable securities increased $58.3 million, or 7.7%, to $811.6 million for the year ended December 
31, 2016 from $753.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, primarily as a result of purchases of investment 
securities. The yields on taxable securities increased 15 basis points to 1.90% for the year ended December 31, 2016 
from 1.75% for the same period in 2015 and the yields on nontaxable securities increased 15 basis points to 2.20% 
for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 2.05% for the same period in 2015. The Company is actively managing 
its investment securities portfolio to mitigate declining loan yields.

Interest income on loans increased $460,000, or 0.4%, to $122.1 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016 from $121.7 million for the same period in 2015 due primarily to a $173.6 million, or 7.5%, increase in the average 
balance of loans receivable to $2.49 billion for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $2.32 billion for the 
year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of loan growth. The impact on interest income as a result of the increase 
in average loan balances was partially offset by a decrease in loan yields, which was the result of a decrease in the 
contractual loan note rates and a decrease in the effects of incremental accretion income. Loan yields decreased 34 
basis points to 4.91% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 5.25% for the year ended December 31, 
2015.

The following table presents the loan yield and effects of the incremental accretion on purchased loans for the 

years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015:

Loan yield, excluding incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Impact on loan yield from incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Loan yield

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

(Dollars in thousands)

4.62%

0.29

4.91%

4.81%

0.44

5.25%

Incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)

$

7,155

$

10,293

(1) As of the dates of the completion of each of the merger and acquisition transactions, purchased loans were recorded at their 
estimated fair value, including our estimate of future expected cash flows until the ultimate resolution of these credits. The difference 
between the contractual loan balance and the fair value represents the purchased discount. The purchased discount is modified 
quarterly as a result of cash flow re-estimation. The incremental accretion income represents the amount of income recorded on the 
purchased loans in excess of the contractual stated interest rate in the individual loan notes.

The incremental accretion income was $7.2 million and $10.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 
and 2015, respectively. The effect on loan yields from incremental accretion income decreased 15 basis points to 
0.29% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 0.44% for the year ended December 31, 2015 primarily a result 
of a decrease in the prepayments of purchased loans, consisting primarily of loans from the Washington Banking 
Merger, during the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015, and a continued decline in 
the purchased loan balances. 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
The decrease in loan yields is also the result of an increase in LIBOR-based lending during the year ended 
December  31,  2016. The  Bank  began  entering  into  non-hedge  interest  rate  swap  contracts  to  accommodate  the 
business needs of its lending customers during the third quarter of 2015. Under these derivative contract arrangements 
with the borrower and a third party, the Bank effectively earns a variable rate of interest while the customer pays a 
fixed rate of interest. These derivatives were all written using 1-month LIBOR as the variable indexed rate. At December 
31, 2016, the Bank had 28 separate interest rate swap contracts with borrowers with a notional value of $102.7 million 
compared to four interest rate swap contracts with borrowers with notional value of $20.7 million at December 31, 
2015. The $82.0 million, or 396.1%, increase in these LIBOR-based loans during 2016 resulted in a lower loan yield 
during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 as these variable rate 
loans earn less interest income than comparable fixed rate loans at the time of origination. These LIBOR-based loans, 
however, will improve overall loan performance in a rising rate environment.

Interest Expense

Total interest expense decreased by $114,000, or 1.9%, to $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 
from $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased 
two basis points to 0.25% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 0.27% for the year ended December 31, 2015. 
Total  average  interest  bearing  liabilities  increased  by  $102.0  million,  or  4.5%,  to  $2.39  billion  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016 from $2.29 billion for the year ended December 31, 2015.

Total interest expense on interest bearing deposits decreased $219,000, or 4.2%, to $5.0 million during the 
year ended December 31, 2016 from $5.2 million the same period in 2015. The average total cost of interest bearing 
deposits decreased two basis points to 0.21% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 0.23% for the same period 
in 2015.

The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a $76.0 million, or 16.4%, decrease in the average 
balance of certificate of deposit accounts to $388.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from $464.3 
million during the same period in 2015 and a one basis point decrease in the cost on certificate of deposit accounts 
to  0.50%  from  0.51%  for  the  same  respective  periods.  Based  on  the  change  in  the  average  balance  and  cost  of 
certificate of deposit accounts, the interest expense on certificate of deposit accounts decreased $450,000, or 18.9%, 
to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $2.4 million for the same period in 2015.

The  decrease  in  interest  expense  on  certificate  of  deposit  accounts  was  offset  by  a  $311,000,  or  69.9%, 
increase in the cost of savings accounts to $756,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $445,000 for the 
same period in 2015. The increase in the cost of savings accounts during the year ended December 31, 2016 was 
due to the combination of a $79.8 million, or 19.7%, increase in the average balance of savings accounts to $485.5 
million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $405.6 million for the same period in 2015 and an increase of five 
basis points in the average cost of savings accounts to 0.16% for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 0.11% for 
the year ended December 31, 2015. 

The  average  rate  of  the  junior  subordinated  debentures,  including  the  effects  of  accretion  of  the  discount 
established as of the date of the Washington Banking Merger, for the year ended December 31, 2016 was 4.50%, an 
increase of 21 basis points from 4.29% for the same period in 2015.

Net Interest Margin

Net interest margin for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased 15 basis points to 3.96% from 4.11% 
for the same period in 2015. The net interest spread for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased 15 basis points 
to 3.89% from 4.04% for the same period in 2015. The decreases are primarily due to the above mentioned decrease 
in the loan yields (both including and excluding the impact of incremental accretion on purchased loans), offset partially 
by the above mentioned increase in average balances of loans receivable and investment securities and increases in 
yields on investment securities.

The following table presents the net interest margins and effects of the incremental accretion on purchased 

loans for the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

Net interest margin, excluding incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Impact on net interest margin from incremental accretion on purchased loans (1)
Net interest margin

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

3.75%

0.21

3.96%

3.78%

0.33

4.11%

(1) As of the dates of the completion of each of the merger and acquisition transactions, purchased loans were recorded at their 
estimated fair value, including our estimate of future expected cash flows until the ultimate resolution of these credits. The difference 

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
between the contractual loan balance and the fair value represents the purchased discount. The purchased discount is modified 
quarterly as a result of cash flow re-estimation. The incremental accretion income represents the amount of income recorded on the 
purchased loans in excess of the contractual stated interest rate in the individual loan notes.

Provision for Loan Losses

The provision for loan losses increased $559,000, or 12.8%, to $4.9 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016 from $4.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase in provision expense was due primarily 
the result of a $1.2 million increase in net charge-offs during 2016 in addition to changes in the volume and mix of 
loans, offset by the decrease in certain historical loss factors. The Bank had net charge-offs on loans of $3.6 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The ratio of 
net charge-offs to average total loans outstanding was 0.14% for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 0.10% for 
the year ended December 31, 2015. Total gross loans receivable at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were $2.64 billion 
and $2.40 billion, respectively. Based on a thorough review of the loan portfolio, the Bank determined that the provision 
for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2016 was appropriate as it was calculated in accordance with the 
Bank's methodology for determining allowance for loan losses.

Noninterest Income    

Total noninterest income decreased $649,000, or 2.0%, to $31.6 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016 compared to $32.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The components of noninterest income and 
the changes from prior year are as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2016

Change
2016 vs.
2015
(Dollars in thousands)

2015

Percentage
Change

Service charges and other fees

$

14,354 $

14,179 $

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Gain on sale of loans, net

Gain on termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements

Gain on sale of Merchant Visa portfolio

Interest rate swap fees

Other income

     Total noninterest income

1,315

6,994

—

—
1,854

7,102

1,516

4,683

1,747

2,198

452

7,493

$

31,619 $

32,268 $

175

(201)

2,311

(1,747)

(2,198)

1,402

(391)

(649)

1.2 %

(13.3)

49.3

(100.0)

(100.0)

310.2

(5.2)

(2.0)%

Gain on the sale of loans, net increased $2.3 million, or 49.3%, to $7.0 million for the year ended December 
31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015. The following table details the components of the gain on sale of loans:

Gain on sale of mortgage loans, net

Gain on sale of guaranteed portion of SBA loans, net

Gain on sale of other loans, net

     Gain on sale of loans, net

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

Change 2016
vs. 2015

Percentage
Change

(Dollars in thousands)

$

$

3,723 $
1,016

2,255
6,994 $

3,150 $

1,533

—

4,683 $

573

(517)

2,255

2,311

18.2%

(33.7)

100.0

49.3%

The increase in the net gain on the sale of mortgage loans was primarily due to an increase in the volume of 
loans sold to $141.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from $130.8 million for the same period in 2015.  
The decrease of net gain on the sale of the government guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans is a result of a decrease 
in SBA guarantee sales activities due to competitive pressures. The net gain on sale of other loans was a result of the 
sale of two previously classified purchased credit impaired loans. 

The Bank recorded a $1.7 million gain on termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements for the year ended 
December 31, 2015 as the Bank entered into an agreement terminating the shared-loss agreements for all three of 
the FDIC-assisted acquisitions during the year ended December 31, 2015. No similar gain was recorded by the Bank 

55

 
 
 
during the year ended December 31, 2016. For additional information see Note (5) FDIC Indemnification Asset of the 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

The Bank sold its Merchant Visa portfolio in January 2015, resulting in a gain on sale of Merchant VISA portfolio 
of $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The effects of this sale resulted in lower Merchant Visa income 
and a decrease in total noninterest income. 

Interest rate swap fees increased $1.4 million, or 310.2%, to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 
2016 compared to $452,000 the same period in 2015, due primarily to an increase in the number of interest rate swap 
contracts executed during 2016. The Bank began executing these types of contracts during the third quarter of 2015. 
At December 31, 2016, the Bank had 28 contracts with borrowers with a notional value of $102.7 million compared to 
four contracts with borrowers with a notional value of $20.8 million at December 31, 2015.

Other income decreased $391,000, or 5.2%, to $7.1 million for year ended December 31, 2016 from $7.5 
million for year ended December 31, 2015 due primarily to a decrease of $1.1 million in cash payments received on 
purchased loans charged-off prior to commencement of the acquisition or merger dates . The decrease in other income 
was offset partially an FDIC indemnification was not recorded during the year ended December 31, 2016 because of 
the  above-mentioned  termination  of  the  FDIC  shared-loss  agreements  as  compared  to  a  reduction  of  income  of 
$497,000 recorded during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Bank also experienced an increase in fee income 
from annuities of $210,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015.

Noninterest Expense  

Noninterest expense increased $265,000, or 0.2%, to $106.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 

compared to $106.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. 

The following table presents the key components of noninterest expense and the changes from prior year:

Year Ended December 31,

2016

2015

Change
2016 vs.
2015

Percentage
Change

(Dollars in thousands)

Compensation and employee benefits

$

61,405 $

58,134 $

3,271

5.6%

Occupancy and equipment

15,763

15,846

Data processing

Marketing

Professional services

State and local taxes

Federal deposit insurance premium

Other real estate owned, net

Amortization of intangible assets

Other expense

     Total noninterest expense

7,312

2,835

3,606

2,616

1,620

334

1,415

9,567

7,700

3,066

3,536

2,378

2,046

1,007

2,100

10,395

$ 106,473 $ 106,208 $

(83)

(388)

(231)

70

238

(426)

(673)

(685)

(828)

265

(0.5)

(5.0)

(7.5)

2.0

10.0

(20.8)

(66.8)

(32.6)

(8.0)

0.2%

Compensation and employee benefits increased $3.3 million, or 5.6%, to $61.4 million during the year ended 
December 31, 2016 compared to $58.1 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The increase was primarily 
due to the results of increased staffing in the metro markets, including Seattle and Bellevue, Washington and standard 
salary increases.

Data processing decreased $388,000, or 5.0% to $7.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2016 from 
$7.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily a result of a $429,000 cancellation 
fee incurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 as a result of the early termination of a data processing contract.

Federal  deposit  insurance  premium  decreased  $426,000,  or  20.8%  to  $1.6  million  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2016 from $2.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily a result 
of the FDIC's new assessment rate schedule that became effective beginning in the third quarter of 2016 due to the 
levels achieved in the Deposit Insurance Fund reserve. Effective July 1, 2016, the range of initial base assessment 
rates for all insured institutions was reduced based on current reserve levels. 

56

 
 
Other real estate owned, net decreased $673,000, or 66.8%, to $334,000 during the year ended December 
31, 2016 compared to $1.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Bank had $754,000 other real 
estate owned at December 31, 2016 compared to $2.0 million at December 31, 2015. The decrease in other real estate 
owned, net was due to net gains on the sale of other real estate owned of $173,000 during the year ended December 31, 
2016 compared to net losses on sale of other real estate owned of $97,000 during the year ended December 31, 2015 
and a $146,000, or 27.6%, decrease in the valuation adjustment to $383,000 in fiscal year 2016 from $529,000 in 
fiscal year 2015.

Amortization of intangible assets decreased $685,000, or 32.6%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 
as the useful life of core deposit intangibles for certain acquisitions was reached, resulting in either a decrease in 
amortization for fiscal year 2016 or no further amortization expense recorded during the year ended December 31, 
2016.

Other expense decreased $828,000, or 8.0%, to $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2016 from 
$10.4 million for the same period in 2015. The decrease was primarily the result of a decrease in courier services as 
the Company discontinued its regular scheduled service during 2015. The Company also experienced decreases in 
other employee-related expenses such as travel expenses, office supplies, and other business expenses as a result 
of a concerted effort of the Company to reduce other discretionary expenses. 

The  ratio  of  noninterest  expense  to  average  assets  was  2.84%  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2016, 
compared to 3.01% for the year ended December 31, 2015. The decrease was primarily a result of an increase in 
assets due to the Bank's organic growth in addition to a relatively constant noninterest expense year-over-year due 
to the above mentioned efforts by the Company to reduce noninterest expenses.

Income Tax Expense 

Income tax expense remained constant at $13.8 million for both the years ended December 31, 2016 and 
2015. The Company’s effective tax rate was 26.2% for the year ended December 31, 2016 compared to 26.9% for the 
same period in 2015. The decrease in the Company's effective tax rate during the year ended December 31, 2016 
compared to the same period in 2015 is primarily due to an increase in tax exempt loans and investment securities 
as compared to the increase in pre-tax net income and an increase in bank-owned life insurance ("BOLI") income, 
offset  partially  by  the  effects  of  the  resolution  of  certain  Washington  Banking  tax  liabilities  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015. For additional information, see Note (20) Income Taxes of the Notes to Consolidated Financial 
Statements included in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our  primary  sources  of  funds  are  customer  and  local  government  deposits,  loan  principal  and  interest 
payments, loan sales, interest earned on and proceeds from sales and maturities of investment securities. These 
funds, together with retained earnings, equity and other borrowed funds, are used to make loans, acquire investment 
securities and other assets, and fund continuing operations. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are 
a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by the level of interest rates, 
economic conditions, and competition.

We  must  maintain  an  adequate  level  of  liquidity  to  ensure  the  availability  of  sufficient  funds  to  fund  loan 
originations and deposit withdrawals, satisfy other financial commitments, and fund operations. We generally maintain 
sufficient cash and investments to meet short-term liquidity needs. At December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents 
totaled  $103.0  million,  or  2.5%,  of  total  assets.  Investment  securities  available  for  sale  totaled  $810.5  million  at 
December 31,  2017,  of  which  $267.2  million  were  pledged  to  secure  public  deposits,  borrowing  arrangements  or 
repurchase agreements.  Management considers unpledged investment securities available for sale to be a viable 
source of liquidity. The fair value of investment securities available for sale that were not pledged to secure public 
deposits,  borrowing  arrangements  or  repurchase  agreements  totaled  $543.4  million,  or  13.2%,  of  total  assets  at 
December 31,  2017. The  fair  value  of  investment  securities  available  for  sale  with  maturities  of  one  year  or  less 
amounted to $9.0 million, or 0.22%, of total assets. At December 31, 2017, the Bank maintained credit facilities with 
the  FHLB  of  Des  Moines  for  $881.1  million,  of  which  there  were  $92.5  million  of  borrowings  outstanding  as  of 
December 31, 2017, and credit facilities with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco for $82.5 million, of which 
there were no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2017. The Bank also maintains advance lines with Wells 
Fargo Bank, US Bank, The Independent Bankers Bank and Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bank to purchase federal funds 
totaling  $90.0  million  as  of  December 31,  2017. As  of  December 31,  2017,  there  were  no  overnight  federal  funds 
purchased.

57

Our strategy has been to acquire core deposits (which we define to include all deposits except public funds, 
brokered certificate of deposit accounts and other wholesale deposits) from our retail accounts, acquire noninterest 
bearing demand deposits from our commercial customers and use our available borrowing capacity to fund growth in 
assets. We anticipate that we will continue to rely on the same sources of funds in the future and use those funds 
primarily to make loans and purchase investment securities.

Contractual Obligations

The following table provides the amounts due under specified contractual obligations for the periods indicated 

as of December 31, 2017:

One Year or
Less

One to
Three Years

December 31, 2017

Over Three
to Five
Years

Over Five
Years

(In thousands)

Other (1)

Total

Contractual payments

by period:

Deposits

Junior subordinated

debentures

Operating leases

Total contractual
obligations

$

258,657 $

103,808 $

35,877 $

56 $ 2,994,662 $ 3,393,060

—
3,074

—

5,066

—

2,569

25,000

2,241

—

—

25,000

12,950

$

261,731 $

108,874 $

38,446 $

27,297 $ 2,994,662 $ 3,431,010

(1) Represents interest bearing and noninterest bearing checking, money market and checking accounts which can 

generally be withdrawn on demand and thereby have an undefined maturity.

Asset/Liability Management

Our primary financial objective is to achieve long-term profitability while controlling our exposure to fluctuations 
in market interest rates. To accomplish this objective, we have formulated an interest rate risk management policy that 
attempts to manage the mismatch between asset and liability maturities while maintaining an acceptable interest rate 
sensitivity position. The principal strategies which we employ to control our interest rate sensitivity are: originating 
certain commercial business loans and real estate construction and land development loans at variable interest rates 
repricing for terms generally one year or less; and offering noninterest bearing demand deposit accounts to businesses 
and individuals. The longer-term objective is to increase the proportion of noninterest bearing demand deposits, low-
rate interest bearing demand deposits, money market accounts, and savings deposits relative to certificate of deposit 
accounts to reduce our overall cost of funds.

A number of measures are used to monitor and manage interest rate risk, including income simulations, interest 
sensitivity (gap) analysis and economic value of equity sensitivity. An income simulation model is the primary tool used 
to assess the direction and magnitude of changes in net interest income resulting from changes in interest rates. Key 
assumptions in the model include prepayment speeds on loans and investment securities, decay rates on non-maturity 
deposits, and pricing on investment securities, loans, deposits and borrowings. In order to measure the interest rate 
risk  sensitivity  as  of  December 31,  2017,  this  simulation  model  uses  a  “no  growth”  assumption  and  assumes  an 
instantaneous and sustained uniform change in market interest rates at all maturities. These assumptions are inherently 
uncertain and, as a result, the net interest income projections should be viewed as an estimate of the net interest 
income sensitivity at the time of the analysis. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude 
and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other 
factors.

Based on the results of the simulation model as of December 31, 2017, we would expect increases in net 
interest income of $6.4 million and $12.1 million in year one and year two, respectively, if interest rates increased from 
current rates by 100 basis points. We would expect an increase in net interest income of $12.6 million and $23.9 million 
in year one and year two, respectively, if interest rates increased from current rates by 200 basis points.

Our asset and liability management strategies have resulted in a negative less than 3 month “gap” of 38.8%
as of December 31, 2017. This “gap” measures the difference between the dollar amount of our interest earning assets 
and interest bearing liabilities that mature or reprice within the designated period (three months or less) as a percentage 

58

 
 
 
of total interest earning assets, based on certain estimates and assumptions as discussed below. We believe that the 
implementation of our operating strategies has reduced the potential effects of changes in market interest rates on 
our results of operations. The negative gap for the less than three month period indicates that decreases in market 
interest rates may favorably affect our results over that period.

The following table provides the estimated maturity or repricing and the resulting interest rate sensitivity gap 
of our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities at December 31, 2017. We used certain assumptions in 
presenting this data so the amounts may not be consistent with other financial information prepared in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting principles. The amounts in the tables also could be significantly affected by external 
factors, such as changes in prepayment assumptions, early withdrawal of deposits and competition.

December 31, 2017

Estimated Maturity or Repricing Within

Three Months
or Less

Over Three 
Months to 12
Months

Over One to
Five Years

Over Five to 
15
Years

Over
15 Years

Total

(Dollars in thousands)

$

698,768

$

217,713

$ 1,308,690

$

554,376

$

66,165

$ 2,845,712

111,331

8,347

24,722

34,100

188,242

303,472

173,385

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

810,530

8,347

24,722

$

843,168

$

251,813

$ 1,496,932

$

857,848

$

239,550

$ 3,689,311

22.9 %

6.8 %

40.6 %

23.2%

6.5%

100.0%

$ 2,129,183

$

180,045

$

138,985

$

56

$

— $ 2,448,269

92,500

20,009

31,821

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

92,500

20,009

31,821

$ 2,273,513

$

180,045

$

138,985

$

56

$

— $ 2,592,599

61.6 %

4.9 %

3.8 %

—%

—%

70.3%

Interest Earnings Assets:
Loans Receivable (1)
Investment securities (2)
FHLB stock

Interest earning deposits

Total interest earning

assets

Percentage of interest

earning assets

Interest Bearing
Liabilities:

Total interest bearing 

deposits (3)

Federal Home Loan Bank

advances

Junior subordinated

debentures

Securities sold under

agreement to repurchase

Total interest bearing

liabilities

Interest bearing liabilities,
as a percentage of total
interest earning assets

Interest rate sensitivity gap

$(1,430,345)

$

71,768

$ 1,357,947

$

857,792

$

239,550

$ 1,096,712

Interest rate sensitivity gap,
as a percentage of total
interest earning assets

Cumulative interest rate

sensitivity gap

(38.8)%

1.9 %

36.8 %

23.3%

6.5%

29.7%

$(1,430,345)

$(1,358,577)

$

(630)

$

857,162

$ 1,096,712

Cumulative interest rate
sensitivity gap, as a
percentage of total
interest earning assets

(38.8)%
(1) Excludes net deferred loan costs and allowance for loan losses.
(2) Interest earning investment securities with no stated maturity date are included in less than three months as prices 

(36.8)%

23.2%

29.7%

— %

may adjust immediately.

(3) Adjustable-rate liabilities are included in the period in which interest rates are next scheduled to adjust rather than in 
the period they are due to mature. Although regular savings, demand, NOW, and money market deposit accounts are 

59

 
 
 
 
subject to immediate withdrawal, based on historical experience management considers a substantial amount of 
such accounts to be core deposits having significantly longer maturities. 

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing table. For example, 
although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different 
degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on some types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate 
in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market 
interest rates. Additionally, some assets, such as adjustable rate mortgages, have features, which restrict changes in 
the interest rates of those assets both on a short-term basis and over the lives of such assets. Further, if a change in 
market interest rates occurs, prepayment and early withdrawal levels could deviate significantly from those assumed 
in calculating the tables. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to service their adjustable rate debt may decrease if 
market interest rates increase substantially.

The table below provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest 
rates as of December 31, 2017. The table presents principal cash flows and related weighted average interest rates 
by expected maturity dates. The expected maturity is the contractual maturity or earlier call date of the instrument. 
The data in this table may not be consistent with the amounts in the preceding table, which represents amounts by 
the estimated repricing date or maturity date, whichever occurs sooner.

By Expected Maturity Date

Year Ended December 31, 2017

Three
Months or
Less

Over Three
Months to
12 Months

Over One
Year to
Five Years

Over Five
Years to 15
Years

Over
15 Years

Total

Fair Value

(Dollars in thousands)

Investment Securities(1)
Amounts maturing:

Fixed rate

Weighted average
interest rate

$ 21,530

$

7,982

$ 170,389

$ 297,543

$ 173,385

$ 670,829

3.64%

3.75%

2.86%

2.98%

2.44%

2.84%

Adjustable rate

$

4,212

$

— $ 10,694

$

34,748

$ 89,901

$ 139,555

Weighted average
interest rate

2.96%

—%

2.55%

2.27%

2.33%

2.35%

Total

$ 25,742

$

7,982

$ 181,083

$ 332,291

$ 263,286

$ 810,384

$

810,384

Loans (2)
Amounts maturing:

Fixed rate

Weighted average
interest rate

Adjustable rate

Weighted average
interest rate

$ 41,599

$ 67,945

$ 394,561

$ 434,562

$ 66,165

$ 1,004,832

4.42%

4.56%

4.37%

4.00%

4.50%

4.23%

$ 116,945

$ 196,078

$ 171,364

$1,239,161

$ 117,332

$ 1,840,880

5.51%

5.13%

5.07%

4.36%

4.35%

4.58%

Total

$ 158,544

$ 264,023

$ 565,925

$1,673,723

$ 183,497

$ 2,845,712

$ 2,810,401

Certificate of Deposit

Accounts

Amounts maturing:

Fixed rate

Weighted average
interest rate

Junior Subordinated

Debentures

Amounts maturing:

Adjustable rate

Weighted average 
interest rate (3)

$ 76,389

$ 182,267

$ 139,686

$

56

$

— $ 398,398

$

397,039

0.44%

0.63%

1.04%

0.45%

—%

0.74%

$

— $

— $

— $

— $ 20,009

$

20,009

$

18,500

—%

—%

—%

—%

5.11%

5.11%

(1) Balances represent carrying value, and excludes investment securities with no stated maturity.
(2) Excludes deferred loan costs (fees), net and allowance for loan losses.

60

 
 
 
 
(3) The contractual interest rate of the junior subordinated debentures was 3.25% at December 31, 2017. The weighted 
average interest rate includes the effects of the discount accretion for the Washington Banking Merger purchase 
accounting adjustment.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Prices

Inflation affects our operations by increasing operating costs and indirectly by affecting the operations and 
cash  flow  of  our  customers.  Unlike  most  industrial  companies,  virtually  all  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  a  financial 
institution are monetary in nature. As a result, changes in interest rates generally have a more significant impact on a 
financial institution’s performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Although interest rates do not necessarily 
move in the same direction or the same extent as the prices of goods and services, increases in inflation generally 
have resulted in increased interest rates.

ITEM 7A.  

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to interest rate risk through our lending and deposit gathering activities. For a discussion of 
how this exposure is managed and the nature of changes in our interest rate risk profile during the past year, see 
“Item 7.  Management’s  Discussion  and Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations—Asset/Liability 
Management.”

Neither we, nor the Bank, maintain a trading account for any class of financial instrument, nor do we, or the 
Bank, engage in hedging activities or purchase high risk derivative instruments. Moreover, neither we, nor the Bank, 
are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.

ITEM 8.  

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Heritage Financial Corporation
Olympia, Washington

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Heritage Financial Corporation 
and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the related consolidated statements of income, 
comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended 
December 31, 2017, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the "financial statements").  We also have audited 
the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 
2013 Internal Control - Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway 
Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position 
of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of 
the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2017 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted 
in the United States of America.  Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control - 
Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control 
over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included 
in  the  accompanying  Management’s  Report  on  Internal  Control  over  Financial  Reporting.    Our  responsibility  is  to 
express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over 
financial reporting based on our audits.  We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting 
Oversight  Board  (United  States)  ("PCAOB")  and  are  required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in 
accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB. 

61

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and 
perform  the  audits  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement,  whether  due  to  error  or  fraud,  and  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 
maintained in all material respects. 

Our audits of the financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of 
the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such 
procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial 
statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. Our audit of internal control 
over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the 
risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal 
control based on the assessed risk.  Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered 
necessary in the circumstances.  We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles.  A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect 
the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions 
are  recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted 
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with 
authorizations  of  management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding 
prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have 
a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become 
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may 
deteriorate.  

/s/ Crowe Horwath LLP

Sacramento, California
February 28, 2018

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2012.

62

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(in thousands, except shares)

ASSETS
Cash on hand and in banks

Interest earning deposits

Cash and cash equivalents

Investment securities available for sale, at fair value

Loans held for sale

Loans receivable, net

Allowance for loan losses

Total loans receivable, net

Other real estate owned

Premises and equipment, net

Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost

Bank owned life insurance

Accrued interest receivable

Prepaid expenses and other assets

Other intangible assets, net

Goodwill

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits

Federal Home Loan Bank advances
Junior subordinated debentures

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Total liabilities

Stockholders’ equity:

Preferred stock, no par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized; no

shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2017 and 2016

Common stock, no par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized;

29,927,746 and 29,954,931 shares issued and outstanding at
December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively

Retained earnings
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net

Total stockholders’ equity
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

December 31, 2017 December 31, 2016

$

78,293 $

24,722

103,015

810,530

2,288

2,849,071

(32,086)

2,816,985

—

60,325

8,347

75,091

12,244

99,328

6,088

77,117

26,628

103,745

794,645

11,662

2,640,749

(31,083)

2,609,666

754

63,911

7,564

70,355

10,925

79,351

7,374

$

$

119,029

4,113,270 $

119,029

3,878,981

3,393,060 $
92,500
20,009

31,821

67,575

3,229,648
79,600
19,717

22,104

46,149

3,604,965

3,397,218

—

—

360,590

149,013

(1,298)

508,305

$

4,113,270 $

359,060

125,309

(2,606)

481,763

3,878,981

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

63

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

INTEREST INCOME:

Interest and fees on loans

Taxable interest on investment securities

Nontaxable interest on investment securities

Interest and dividends on other interest earning assets

Total interest income

INTEREST EXPENSE:

Deposits

Junior subordinated debentures

Other borrowings

Total interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan losses

NONINTEREST INCOME:

Service charges and other fees

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Gain on sale of loans, net

Gain on termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements

Gain on sale of Merchant Visa portfolio

Interest rate swap fees

Other income

Total noninterest income

NONINTEREST EXPENSE:

Compensation and employee benefits

Occupancy and equipment

Data processing

Marketing

Professional services

State and local taxes

Federal deposit insurance premium

Other real estate owned, net

Amortization of intangible assets

Other expense

Total noninterest expense

Income before income taxes

Income tax expense

Net income

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Dividends declared per common share

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

129,213

$

122,147

$

121,687

12,688

5,269

710

11,215

4,870

280

9,578

4,196

278

147,880

138,512

135,739

6,049

1,014

1,283

8,346

139,534

4,220

135,314

18,004

6

7,696

—

—

1,045

8,657

35,408

64,268

15,396

8,176

2,943

4,777

2,461

1,435

(70)

1,286

9,903

5,010

880

116

6,006

132,506

4,931

127,575

14,354

1,315

6,994

—

—

1,854

7,102

31,619

61,405

15,763

7,312

2,835

3,606

2,616

1,620

334

1,415

9,567

110,575

106,473

60,147

18,356

41,791

1.39

1.39

0.61

$

$

$

$

52,721

13,803

38,918

1.30

1.30

0.72

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

$

5,229

827

64

6,120

129,619

4,372

125,247

14,179

1,516

4,683

1,747

2,198

452

7,493

32,268

58,134

15,846

7,700

3,066

3,536

2,378

2,046

1,007

2,100

10,395

106,208

51,307

13,818

37,489

1.25

1.25

0.53

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

64

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)

Net income

Change in fair value of investment securities available for sale, net of

tax of $826, $(2,316) and $(306), respectively

Reclassification adjustment of net gain from sale of investment

securities available for sale included in income, net of tax of $(2),
$(461) and $(574), respectively

Accretion of other-than-temporary impairment on investment
securities, net of tax of $0, $0 and $4, respectively

Reclassification of remaining unaccreted other-than-temporary

impairment upon sale of investment securities held to maturity
included in income, net of tax of $0, $0 and $44, respectively

Transfer of investment securities from held to maturity to available for

sale, net of tax of $0, $0 and $334, respectively
Other comprehensive income (loss)

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

41,791 $

38,918 $

37,489

1,530

(4,311)

(559)

(4)

—

—

—

(854)

(1,067)

—

—

—

108

81

618

(819)

1,526

(5,165)

Comprehensive income

$

43,317 $

33,753 $

36,670

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

65

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Balance at December 31, 2014

30,260 $ 364,741 $

86,387 $

3,378 $ 454,506

Number of
common
shares

Common
stock

Retained
earnings

Accumulated
other
comprehensive 
income 
(loss), net

Total
stock-
holders’
equity

Restricted and unrestricted stock awards granted,

net of forfeitures

Exercise of stock options (including excess tax
benefits from nonqualified stock options)

Restricted stock compensation expense

Net excess tax benefits from vesting of restricted

stock

Common stock repurchased

Net income

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.53

per share)

Balance at December 31, 2015

Restricted stock awards granted, net of forfeitures

Exercise of stock options (including excess tax
benefits from nonqualified stock options)

Stock-based compensation expense

Net excess tax benefits from vesting of restricted

stock

Common stock repurchased

Net income

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.72

per share)

Balance at December 31, 2016

Restricted stock awards forfeited

Exercise of stock options

Stock-based compensation expense

Common stock repurchased

Net income

Other comprehensive income, net of tax

Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.61

per share)

ASU 2018-02 Implementation

Balance at December 31, 2017

118

61

—

—

—

765

1,555

126

(464)

(7,736)

—

—

—
29,975

110

38

—

—

—

—

—

359,451
—

560

1,840

103

(168)

(2,894)

—

—

—
29,955

(10)

13

—
(30)
—
—

—

—

—

359,060
—

164

2,103
(737)
—
—

—

—

—

—

—

37,489

—

(15,916)

107,960
—

—

—

—

—

38,918

—

(21,569)

125,309
—

—

—
—
41,791
—

—
—

—
—
29,928 $ 360,590 $ 149,013 $

(18,305)
218

—

—

—

—

—

—

(819)

—

765

1,555

126

(7,736)

37,489

(819)

—

(15,916)

2,559
—

469,970
—

—

—

—

—

—

(5,165)

560

1,840

103

(2,894)

38,918

(5,165)

—

(21,569)

(2,606)
—

481,763
—

—

—
—
—
1,526

164

2,103
(737)
41,791
1,526

—
(218)

(18,305)
—
(1,298) $ 508,305

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

66

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

Depreciation and amortization

Changes in net deferred loan costs, net of amortization

Provision for loan losses

Net change in accrued interest receivable, FDIC indemnification asset, prepaid

expenses and other assets, and accrued expenses and other liabilities

Stock-based compensation expense

Net excess tax benefit from exercise of stock-based compensation

Amortization of intangible assets

Origination of loans held for sale

Proceeds from sale of loans

Earnings on bank owned life insurance

Valuation adjustment on other real estate owned

Gain on sale of loans, net

Gain on sale of investment securities, net

Gain on sale of assets held for sale

(Gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned, net

Gain on termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements

Loss on sale or write-off of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

$

41,791

$

38,918

$

37,489

10,704

(1,007)

4,220

11,634

2,103

—

1,286

12,709

(1,422)

4,931

2,147

1,840

(123)

1,415

13,967

(1,866)

4,372

(78)

1,555

(140)

2,100

(108,696)

(145,107)

(132,932)

121,482

148,121

135,515

(1,424)

(1,460)

(1,354)

—

(7,696)

(6)

(747)

(144)

—

13

383

(6,994)

(1,315)

—

(173)

—

110

529

(4,683)

(1,516)

—

97

(1,747)

89

Net cash provided by operating activities

73,513

53,980

51,397

Cash flows from investing activities:

Loans originated, net of principal payments

Maturities of other interest earning deposits

(235,154)

(263,387)

(184,862)

—

6,709

3,346

Maturities, calls and payments of investment securities available for sale

98,894

129,408

124,592

Maturities, calls and payments of investment securities held to maturity

—

—

5,221

Purchase of investment securities available for sale

(149,914)

(267,657)

(290,499)

Purchase of premises and equipment

Purchase of other real estate owned

Proceeds from sales of other loans

Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned

Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale

Proceeds from sales of investment securities held to maturity

Proceeds from sales of assets held for sale

Proceeds from redemption of FHLB stock

Purchases of FHLB stock

Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment

Purchase of bank owned life insurance

Proceeds from BOLI death benefit

(3,063)

(6,722)

—

28,874

930

—

21,077

2,486

(1,821)

(188)

30,751

3,555

31,028

140,373

116,332

—

1,849

30,018

—

—

972

—

23,732

8,040

(30,801)

(27,148)

—

(4,394)

1,101

—

815

659

(8,000)

(25,019)

—

—

Capital contributions to low-income housing tax credit partnerships and new

market tax credit partnerships, net

Net cash used for termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements

Net cash used in investing activities

(10,762)

(4,456)

—

—

(746)

(7,110)

(241,394)

(252,926)

(216,621)

67

Cash flows from financing activities:

Net increase in deposits

FHLB advances

Repayments of FHLB advances

Common stock cash dividends paid

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

163,412

763,350

121,361

660,900

(750,450)

(581,300)

201,956

—

—

(18,305)

(21,569)

(15,916)

Net increase (decrease) in securities sold under agreement to repurchase

9,717

(1,110)

(8,967)

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

Net excess tax benefit from exercise of stock-based compensation

Repurchase of common stock

Net cash provided by financing activities

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

Cash paid for interest

Cash paid for income taxes

Supplemental non-cash disclosures of cash flow information:

164

—

540

123

751

140

(737)

(2,894)

(7,736)

167,151

176,051

170,228

(730)

(22,895)

5,004

103,745

126,640

121,636

$ 103,015

$ 103,745

$ 126,640

$

8,399

$

5,998

$

6,324

2,045

11,500

15,286

Transfers of loans receivable to other real estate owned

$

32

$

1,431

$

2,657

Transfers of premises and equipment, net to prepaid expenses and other

assets for properties held for sale

Investment in low income housing tax credit partnership and related funding

commitment

Settlement of investment securities available for sale not settled at year end

Transfer from investment securities held to maturity to available for sale

Receivable due from bank owned life insurance contract

2,687

—

33,171

19,663

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(1,288)

29,370

445

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

68

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

(1) 

Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently 
Issued Accounting Pronouncements

(a) Description of Business

Heritage Financial Corporation ("Heritage" or the “Company”) is a bank holding company that was incorporated 
in the State of Washington in August 1997. The Company is primarily engaged in the business of planning, directing 
and coordinating the business activities of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Heritage Bank (the “Bank”). The Bank is a 
Washington-chartered  commercial  bank  and  its  deposits  are  insured  by  the  FDIC. The  Bank  is  headquartered  in 
Olympia, Washington and conducts business from its 60 branch offices located throughout Washington State and the 
greater Portland, Oregon area, including one branch acquired in the Puget Sound Merger in January 2018. The Bank’s 
business consists primarily of commercial lending and deposit relationships with small businesses and their owners 
in its market areas and attracting deposits from the general public. The Bank also makes real estate construction and 
land development loans, consumer loans and originates first mortgage loans on residential properties primarily located 
in its market areas.

On January 16, 2018, the Company completed the acquisition of Puget Sound Bancorp, Inc. (“Puget Sound”), 
the holding company for Puget Sound Bank, both of Bellevue, Washington (“Puget Sound Merger”). As of December 
31,  2017,  Puget  Sound  had  $556.0  million  in  total  assets,  $388.3  million  in  total  loans  and  $491.9  million  in  total 
deposits. Costs incurred by Heritage for the Puget Sound Merger totaled $810,000 during the year ended December 
31, 2017. See Note (24) Subsequent Events for additional information.

(b) Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. Generally Accepted 
Accounting Principles (“GAAP”). In preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements, management makes estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting 
periods. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly 
owned subsidiary, the Bank. All significant intercompany balances and transactions among the Company and the Bank 
have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain  prior  year  amounts  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  current  year’s  presentation. 

Reclassifications had no effect on the prior years' net income or stockholders’ equity. 

(c) Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents includes cash on hand and in banks, interest 
earning deposits with original maturities of 90 days or less, and federal funds sold. Net cash flows are reported for 
customer loan and deposit transactions, other interest bearing deposits, federal funds sold and repurchase agreements.

Investment Securities

The Company identifies investments as held to maturity or available for sale at the time of acquisition. Securities 
are classified as held to maturity when the Company has the ability and positive intent to hold them to maturity. Securities 
classified as available for sale are available for future liquidity requirements and may be sold prior to maturity. As of 
December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 the Bank does not hold any securities classified as held to maturity. See 
Note (2) Investment Securities for additional information.

Securities  available  for  sale  are  carried  at  fair  value.  Interest  income  includes  amortization  of  purchase 
premiums or accretion of purchase discounts using the interest method. Unrealized gains and losses on securities 
available for sale are generally excluded from earnings and are reported in other comprehensive income (loss), net 
of related income taxes. Realized gains and losses on sale of investment securities are computed on the specific 
identification  method.  Transfers  of  securities  between  the  available  for  sale  and  held  to  maturity  categories  are 
accounted for at fair value.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more 
frequently  when  economic  or  market  conditions  warrant  such  an  evaluation. Although  these  evaluations  involve 

69

 
 
 
significant judgment, an unrealized loss in the fair value of a debt security is generally deemed to be temporary when 
the fair value of the security is below the carrying value primarily due to changes in interest rates, there has not been 
significant deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will 
be required to, nor does it have the intent to sell the security before the anticipated recovery of its remaining carrying 
value. If any of these criteria is not met, the impairment is split into two components as follows: 1) other-than-temporary 
impairment related to credit loss, which must be recognized in the income statement and 2) other-than-temporary 
impairment related to other factors, which is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). The credit loss is defined 
as the difference between the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected and the amortized cost basis. 
For  debt  securities  with  other-than-temporary  impairment,  the  previous  amortized  cost  basis  less  the  other-than-
temporary impairment recognized in earnings shall be the new amortized cost basis of the security. In subsequent 
periods, the Company accretes into interest income the difference between the new amortized cost basis and cash 
flows  expected  to  be  collected  prospectively  over  the  life  of  the  debt  security.  Continued  deterioration  of  market 
conditions could result in additional impairment losses recognized within the investment portfolio.

Other factors that may be considered in determining whether a decline in the value of either a debt or an equity 
security is “other-than-temporary” include ratings by recognized rating agencies; actions of commercial banks or other 
lenders relative to the continued extension of credit facilities to the issuer of the security; the financial condition, capital 
strength and near-term prospects of the issuer and recommendations of investment advisors or market analysts. 

Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans held for sale are carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Any loan that management 
does not have the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff is classified as held for 
sale at the time of origination, purchase or securitization, or when such decision is made. Unrealized losses on such 
loans are recorded as a valuation allowance and included in income.

Loans Receivable and Loan Commitments

Loans receivable include loans originated by the Bank as well as loans acquired in business combinations. 
Loans acquired in a business combination are designated as “purchased” loans. These loans are recorded at their 
fair value at acquisition date, factoring in credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, 
an allowance for loan losses is not carried over or recorded as of the acquisition date.

Loans  purchased  with  evidence  of  credit  deterioration  since  origination  for  which  it  is  probable  that  all 
contractually required payments will not be collected are accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt 
Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. These loans are identified as purchased credit impaired ("PCI") 
loans. In situations where such loans have similar risk characteristics, loans may be aggregated into pools to estimate 
cash flows. A pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single interest rate, cumulative loss rate and cash flow 
expectation. Expected cash flows at the acquisition date in excess of the fair value of loans are considered to be 
accretable yield, which is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan or pool using a level yield method if 
the timing and amount of the future cash flows of the loan or pool is reasonably estimable.

The cash flows expected over the life of the PCI loan or pool are estimated quarterly using an external cash 
flow model that projects cash flows and calculates the carrying values of the loans or pools, book yields, effective 
interest income and impairment, if any, based on loan or pool level events. Assumptions as to default rates, loss severity 
and prepayment speeds are utilized to calculate the expected cash flows. To the extent actual or projected cash flows 
are  less  than  previously  estimated,  additional  provisions  for  loan  losses  on  the  purchased  loan  portfolios  will  be 
recognized immediately into earnings. To the extent actual or projected cash flows are more than previously estimated, 
the increase in cash flows is recognized immediately as a recapture of provision for loan losses up to the amount of 
any provision previously recognized for that loan or pool, if any, then prospectively recognized in interest income as 
a yield adjustment. Any disposals of a loan in a pool, including sale of a loan, payment in full or foreclosure results in 
the removal of the loan from the loan pool at the carrying amount.

Loans accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30 are generally considered accruing and performing loans as the 
loans accrete interest income over the estimated life of the loan when cash flows are reasonably estimable. Accordingly, 
PCI loans that are contractually past due are still considered to be accruing and performing loans. If the timing and 
amount of cash flows is not reasonably estimable, the loans may be classified as nonaccrual loans and interest income 
may be recognized on a cash basis or all cash payments may be accounted for a as a reduction of the principal amount 
outstanding.

Loans purchased that are not accounted for under FASB ASC 310-30 are accounted for under FASB ASC 
310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable fees and Other Costs. These loans are identified as non-PCI loans, and are 
initially recorded at their fair value, which is estimated using an external cash flow model and assumptions similar to 
the FASB ASC 310-30 loans. The difference between the estimated fair value and the unpaid principal balance at 

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acquisition date is recognized as interest income over the life of the loan using an effective interest method for non-
revolving credits or a straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, for revolving credits. Any 
unrecognized discount for a loan that is subsequently repaid in full will be recognized immediately into income. 

Loans are generally recorded at the unpaid principal balance, net of premiums, unearned discounts and net 
deferred loan origination fees and costs. The premiums and unearned discounts may include values determined in 
purchase accounting. Interest on loans is calculated using the simple interest method based on the daily balance of 
the principal amount outstanding and is credited to income as earned. Loans are considered past due or delinquent 
when principal or interest payments are past due 30 days or more. 

Covered Loans:

Purchased  loans  subject  to  FDIC  shared-loss  agreements  were  historically  identified  as  “covered”  on  the 
Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  The  FDIC  shared-loss  agreements  were  terminated  during  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2015 and as such the covered designation was removed. For further information see Note (5) FDIC 
Indemnification Asset. The covered loans included the majority of loans from the Company's acquisition of Cowlitz 
Bank  and  certain  loans  from  the  Washington  Banking  Merger,  which  included  loans  from  Washington  Banking 
Company's acquisitions of City Bank and North County Bank. The same accounting principles that apply to loans 
receivable applied to covered loans receivable, with the added benefit of shared-loss agreements.

Delinquent Loans:

Delinquencies in the commercial business loan portfolio are handled by the assigned loan officer. Loan officers 
are  responsible  for  collecting  loans  they  originate  or  which  are  assigned  to  them. The  Bank  sends  a  borrower  a 
delinquency notice 15 days after the due date when the borrower fails to make a required payment on a loan. If the 
delinquency is not brought current, additional delinquency notices are mailed at 30 and 45 days for commercial loans. 
Additional written and oral contacts are made with the borrower between 60 and 90 days after the due date.

If a real estate loan payment is past due for 45 days or more, the collection manager may perform a review 
of the condition of the property. Depending on the nature of the loan and the type of collateral securing the loan, the 
Bank may negotiate and accept a modified payment program with the borrower, accept a voluntary deed in lieu of 
foreclosure or, when considered necessary, begin foreclosure proceedings. If foreclosed on, real property is generally 
sold at a public sale and the Bank may bid on the property to protect its interest. A decision as to whether and when 
to begin foreclosure proceedings is based on such factors as the amount of the outstanding loan relative to the value 
of  the  property  securing  the  original  indebtedness,  the  extent  of  the  delinquency,  and  the  borrower’s  ability  and 
willingness to cooperate in resolving the delinquency.

Nonaccrual Loans:

The Company's policies for placing loans on nonaccrual status, recording payments received on nonaccrual 
loans, resuming accrual of interest, determining past due or delinquency status and charging off uncollectible loans 
generally do not differ by loan segments or classes.

Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Delinquent 
loans  may  remain  on  accrual  status  between  30 days  and  89 days  past  due. The  accrual  of  interest  is  generally 
discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well secured and in the process of collection. 
Loans are placed on nonaccrual at an earlier date if collection of the contractual principal or interest is doubtful. All 
interest accrued but not collected on loans deemed nonaccrual during the period is reversed against interest income 
in that period. The interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are generally accounted for on the cost-recovery 
method whereby the interest payment is applied to the principal balances. Loans may be returned to accrual status 
when improvements in credit quality eliminate the doubt as to the full collectability of both interest and principal and a 
period of sustained performance has occurred. Substantially all loans that are nonaccrual are also considered impaired. 
Income recognition on impaired loans conforms to that used on nonaccrual loans.

 Loans are generally charged-off if collection of the contractual principal or interest as scheduled in the loan 
agreement is doubtful. Credit card loans and other consumer loans are typically charged-off no later than 180 days 
past due.

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Impaired Loans:

The Bank routinely tests its problem loans for potential impairment. Problem loans that may be impaired are 
identified using the Bank's normal loan review procedures, which include post-approval reviews, quarterly reviews by 
credit administration of criticized loan reports, scheduled internal reviews, underwriting during extensions and renewals 
and the analysis of information routinely received on a borrower’s financial performance. A loan is considered impaired 
when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect the scheduled payments 
of principal or interest when due according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered 
by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting 
scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment 
shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and 
payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan 
and the borrowers, including length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and 
the amounts of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan 
basis by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or as a 
practical expedient the loan’s observable market price or the fair value of the collateral (less cost to sell) if the loan is 
collateral dependent. Income recognition on impaired loans conforms to that used on nonaccrual loans.

Subsequent to an initial measure of impairment, if there is a significant change in the amount or timing of a 
loan’s  expected  future  cash  flows  or  a  change  in  the  value  of  collateral  or  market  price  of  a  loan,  based  on  new 
information received, the impairment is recalculated. However, the net carrying value of a loan never exceeds the 
recorded investment in the loan.

Troubled Debt Restructures:

A troubled debt restructured loan (“TDR”) is a restructuring in which the Bank, for economic or legal reasons 
related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to a borrower that it would not otherwise consider. 
These  concessions  may  include  changes  of  the  interest  rate,  forbearance  of  the  outstanding  principal  or  accrued 
interest, extension of the maturity date, delay in the timing of the regular payment, or any other actions intended to 
minimize potential losses. The Bank does not forgive principal for a majority of its TDRs, but in those situations where 
principal is forgiven, the entire amount of such principal forgiveness is immediately charged off to the extent not done 
so prior to the modification. The Bank also considers insignificant delays in payments when determining if a loan should 
be classified as a TDR.

The Company has implemented more stringent definitions of concessions and impairment measures for PCI 
loans which are not in pools as these loans have known credit deteriorations and are generally accreting income at a 
lower  discounted  rate  as  compared  to  the  contractual  note  rate  based  on  the  guidance  of  FASB ASC  310-30. 
Modifications of PCI loans which are not in pools are considered TDRs if they result in a decrease in expected cash 
flows when compared to the pre-modification expected cash flows, without any other changes to the agreement to 
consider.

A loan that has been placed on nonaccrual status that is subsequently restructured will usually remain on 
nonaccrual status until the borrower is able to demonstrate repayment performance in compliance with the restructured 
terms for a sustained period, typically for six months. A restructured loan may return to accrual status sooner based 
on other significant events or mitigating circumstances. A loan that has not been placed on nonaccrual status may be 
restructured and such loan may remain on accrual status after such restructuring. In these circumstances, the borrower 
has made payments before the restructuring and is expected to continue to perform after the restructuring. Generally, 
this type of restructuring involves a reduction in the loan interest rate and/or a change to interest-only payments for a 
period  of  time.  The  restructured  loan  is  considered  impaired  despite  the  accrual  status  and  a  specific  valuation 
allowance, if any, is calculated in the manner previously described.

A TDR is considered defaulted if, during the 12-month period after the restructure, the loan has not performed 
in accordance to the restructured terms. Defaults include loans whose payments are 90 days or more past due and 
loans whose revised maturity date passed and no further modifications will be granted for that borrower.

A loan may subsequently be excluded from the TDR disclosures if: (i) the restructured interest rate was greater 
than or equal to the interest rate of a new loan with comparable risk at the time of the restructure, and (ii) the loan is 
no longer impaired based on the terms of the restructured agreement. The Bank's policy is that the borrower must 
demonstrate a sustained period, typically six consecutive months, of payments in accordance with the modified loan 
before it can be reviewed for removal from the TDR disclosure under the second criteria. However, the loan must be 
reported as a TDR in at least one annual report on Form 10-K. Once a loan has been classified as a TDR, it will continue 
to be disclosed as an impaired loan until paid off or charged-off, even if the loan subsequently is no longer disclosed 
as a TDR.

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Unfunded Loan Commitments:

Unfunded loan commitments are generally related to the unused portion of the total commitment of a loan or 
providing  credit  facilities  to  clients  of  the  Bank  and  are  not  actively  traded  financial  instruments. These  unfunded 
commitments  are  disclosed  as  financial  instruments  with  off-balance  sheet  risk  in  Note  (14)  Commitments  and 
Contingencies and Note (18) Fair Value in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loan Fees and Costs

Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and amortized as an adjustment of the 
yields of the loans over their contractual lives, adjusted for prepayment of the loans, using the effective interest method 
or the straight-line method, when the straight-line method approximates the effective interest method. In the event 
loans are sold, the unamortized net deferred loan origination fees or costs are recognized as a component of the gains 
or losses on the sales of loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses

Allowance for Loan Losses:

The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through a provision for loan losses charged to expense, 
which represents management’s best estimate of probable losses that have been incurred within the existing portfolio 
of loans. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan 
balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. The allowance for loan losses on 
loans designated as non-PCI loans is similar to the methodology described below except that for non-PCI loans, the 
remaining unaccreted discounts resulting from the fair value adjustments recorded at the time the loans were purchased 
are additionally factored into the allowance methodology. The allowance for loan losses on PCI loans is described in 
the “Allowance for Loan Losses on Purchased Credit Impaired Loans” section below. 

The allowance, in the judgment of management, is necessary to reserve for estimated loan losses from risks 
inherent in the loan portfolio. The Company’s allowance for loan losses methodology includes allowance allocations 
calculated in accordance with FASB ASC 310, Receivables and allowance allocations calculated in accordance with 
FASB ASC 450, Contingencies. Accordingly, the methodology is based on historical loss experience by type of credit 
and internal risk grade, specific homogeneous risk pools and specific loss allocations, with adjustments for current 
events and conditions. The Company’s process for determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses 
is designed to account for credit deterioration as it occurs. The provision for loan losses reflects loan quality trends, 
including the levels of and trends related to nonaccrual loans, past due loans, potential problem loans, criticized loans 
and net charge-offs or recoveries, among other factors. The provision for loan losses also reflects all actions taken on 
all loans for a particular period. Therefore, the amount of the provision reflects not only the necessary increases in the 
allowance for loan losses related to newly identified criticized loans, but it also reflects actions taken related to other 
loans including, among other things, any necessary increases or decreases in specific valuation allowances for impaired 
loans or loan pools. 

The level of the allowance reflects management’s continuing evaluation of known and inherent risks in the 
loan portfolio. Portions of the allowance may be allocated for specific credits; however, the entire allowance is available 
for any credit that, in management’s judgment, could be charged off.

Loans which management determines are impaired are individually evaluated for impairment, and specific 
valuation allowances are recorded, if any, on these loans based on the methodology previously described. Loans that 
are determined not to meet management's definition of impaired are collectively evaluated for impairment based on 
(i) historical loss factors determined in accordance with FASB ASC 450 based on historical loan loss experience for 
similar loans with similar characteristics and trends; and (ii) environmental loss factors that reflect the impact of current 
conditions,  as  determined  in  accordance  with  FASB ASC  450  based  on  general  economic  conditions  and  other 
qualitative risk factors both internal and external to the Company. The historical loss factors and environmental loss 
factors are combined and multiplied against the outstanding principal balances of loans in pools of similar loans with 
similar characteristics. 

The Company evaluates specific loans for credit quality indicators and performs regular analysis and evaluation 
of problem loans. Loans are classified based on an internal credit risk grading process that evaluates, among other 
things: (i) the obligor’s ability to repay; (ii) the underlying collateral, if any; and (iii) the economic environment and 
industry in which the borrower operates. This analysis is performed at the loan officer level for all loans. When a loan 
is  performing  but  has  an  assigned  risk  grade  other  than  pass,  the  loan  officer  analyzes  the  loan  to  determine  an 
appropriate monitoring and collection strategy. When a loan is nonperforming or has been classified as a nonaccrual 
loan, a member from the special assets department will analyze the loan to determine if it is impaired. If the loan is 
considered impaired, the special assets department will evaluate the need for a specific valuation allowance on the 

73

loan. Specific valuation allowances are determined by analyzing the borrower’s ability to repay amounts owed, collateral 
deficiencies and economic conditions affecting the borrower’s industry, among other things.

Historical loss factors are calculated based on the historical loss experience and recovery experience of specific 
classes of loans. The Company calculates historical loss ratios for the classes of loans based on the proportion of 
actual charge-offs and recoveries experienced to the total loans in the pool for a rolling twelve-quarter average.

Environmental loss factors are based on general economic conditions and other qualitative risk factors both 
internal and external to the Company. In general, such valuation allowances are determined by evaluating, among 
other things: (i) levels of and trends in delinquencies, classified and impaired loans; (ii) levels of and trends in charge-
offs and recoveries; (iii) trends in volume and terms of loans (iv) effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting 
standards,  and  other  changes  in  lending  policies,  procedures,  and  practices;  (v) experience,  ability,  and  depth  of 
lending management and other relevant staff; (vi) national and local economic trends and conditions; (vii) other external 
factors  such  as  competition,  legal,  and  regulatory;  (viii) effects  of  changes  in  credit  concentrations,  and  (ix)  other 
factors. Management evaluates the degree of risk that each one of these components has on the quality of the loan 
portfolio on a quarterly basis. Each component is determined to be on a scale of risk. The results are then utilized in 
a matrix to determine an appropriate environmental loss factor for each class of loan.

The allowance for loan losses evaluation is inherently subjective, as it requires estimates that are susceptible 
to  significant  revision  as  more  information  becomes  available.  While  management  utilizes  its  best  judgment  and 
information available to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on 
declines in local and national economic conditions. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their 
examination process, periodically review the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require the Bank 
to make adjustments to the allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of 
their  examinations.  The  Company  believes  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  is  appropriate  given  all  of  the  above 
considerations.

Allowance for Loan Losses on Purchased Credit Impaired Loans:

The PCI loans acquired in the Company's mergers and acquisitions are subject to the Company’s internal and 
external credit review. Under the accounting guidance of FASB ASC 310-30, the allowance for loan losses on PCI 
loans is measured at each financial reporting period, or measurement date, based on expected cash flows. If and 
when  credit  deterioration,  or  decreases  in  expected  cash  flows  previously  estimated,  occurs  subsequent  to  the 
acquisition date, a provision for loan losses will be charged to earnings as of the measurement date. Prior to the 
termination of the FDIC shared-loss agreements, a provision for loan losses on PCI loans was charged to earnings 
for the full amount without regard to the FDIC shared-loss agreements, and the portion of the loss reimbursable from 
the FDIC was recorded in noninterest income and increased the FDIC indemnification asset.

Allowance for Losses on Unfunded Commitments:

The Bank is also party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to 
meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and 
standby letters of credit. Those instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the disbursed 
amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company has a policy in which it 
evaluates the risk on a quarterly basis, and provides for an allowance for credit losses, as necessary. The methodology 
is  similar  to  the  allowance  for  loan  losses,  and  includes  an  estimate  of  the  probability  of  drawdown  of  the  loan 
commitment. Based on its analysis, the Company has recorded an allowance for off-balance sheet financial instruments 
of $170,000 as of both December 31, 2017 and 2016. This allowance is reported within accrued expenses and other 
liabilities on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Mortgage Banking Operations

The Company sells one-to-four family residential loans on a servicing-released basis and recognizes a cash 
gain or loss. A cash gain or loss is recognized to the extent that the sale proceeds of the loan sold differs from the net 
book value at the time of sale. Income from one-to-four family residential loans brokered to other lenders is recognized 
into income on date of loan closing.

Commitments to sell one-to-four family residential loans are made primarily during the period between the 
taking of the loan application and the closing of the loan. The timing of making these sale commitments is dependent 
upon the timing of the borrower’s election to lock-in the mortgage interest rate and fees prior to loan closing. Most of 
these sale commitments are made on a best-efforts basis whereby the Bank is only obligated to sell the loan if the 
loan is approved and closed by the Bank. Commitments to fund one-to-four family residential loans (interest rate locks) 
to be sold into the secondary market and forward commitments for the future delivery of these loans are accounted 
for as free standing derivatives. Fair values of these mortgage derivatives are estimated based on changes in mortgage 

74

interest rates between the date the interest on the loan was locked and the balance sheet date. The Company enters 
into forward commitments for the future delivery of one-to-four family residential loans when interest rate locks are 
entered into, in order to hedge the interest rate risk resulting from its commitments to fund the loans. Changes in the 
fair values of these derivatives are included in other income. The fair value of these derivative instruments was not 
significant at December 31, 2017 and 2016. 

FDIC Indemnification Asset

The FDIC indemnification asset represented the present value of the estimated loan losses to be reimbursed 
by the FDIC. The termination of the FDIC shared-loss agreements during the year ended December 31, 2015 eliminated 
this asset. See Note (5) FDIC Indemnification Asset for further information on the termination agreement. 

The FDIC indemnification asset was measured at estimated fair value at acquisition dates on the same basis 
as the loans. The present value was calculated using the shorter of the shared-loss agreement terms or the life of the 
loan. Under the terms of the FDIC shared-loss agreements, the FDIC absorbed 80% of losses and received 80% of 
loss recoveries for the loans during the terms of the agreements. Certain shared-loss agreements had loss minimums 
or tranches which reduced the shared-loss percentages during the coverage period. The FDIC indemnification asset 
was reduced as losses were recognized on loans and shared-loss payments were received from the FDIC. Since the 
FDIC indemnification asset was initially recorded at estimated fair value using a discount rate, a portion of the discount 
was accreted into noninterest income during each reporting period.

The  FDIC  indemnification  asset  was  evaluated  quarterly.  Realized  losses  in  excess  of  prior  estimates 
immediately increased the FDIC indemnification asset by a credit to noninterest income. Conversely, if realized losses 
were less than prior estimates, the FDIC indemnification asset was reduced by a charge to noninterest income on a 
prospective basis, and any change in value was limited to the contractual terms of the shared-loss agreements.

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate acquired by the Company in partial or full satisfaction of a loan obligation is classified as 
held for sale. When acquired, the property is recorded at the estimated fair value (less the costs to sell) at the date of 
acquisition, not to exceed net realizable value, and any resulting write-down is charged to the allowance for loan losses. 
Physical possession of residential real estate property collateralizing a consumer mortgage loan occurs when legal 
title is obtained upon completion of foreclosure or when the borrower conveys all interest in the properly to satisfy the 
loan through completion of a deed in lieu of foreclosure or through a similar legal agreement. 

After acquisition, all costs incurred in maintaining the property are expensed. Costs relating to the development 
and improvement of the property, however, are capitalized to the extent of the property’s net realizable value. If the 
estimated realizable value of the other real estate owned property declines after the acquisition date, the adjustment 
to the value is charged to other real estate owned expense, net. 

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. 
Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease 
period, whichever is shorter. The estimated useful lives used to compute depreciation and amortization for buildings 
and building improvements is 15 to 39 years; and for furniture, fixtures and equipment is three to seven years. The 
Company reviews buildings, leasehold improvements and equipment for impairment whenever events or changes in 
the circumstances indicate that the undiscounted cash flows for the property are less than its carrying value. If identified, 
an impairment loss is recognized through a charge to earnings based on the fair value of the property.

Bank Owned Life Insurance 

The Company has bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) of $75.1 million at December 31, 2017. These policies 
insure the lives of certain current or former Bank officers, and name the Bank as beneficiary. Noninterest income is 
generated tax-free (subject to certain limitations) from the increase in the policies' underlying investments made by 
the insurance company.  The Bank utilizes BOLI to partially offset costs associated with employee compensation and 
benefit programs with the earnings on the BOLI. The Company records BOLI at the amount that can be realized under 
the insurance contract at the statement of financial condition date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other 
charges or other amounts due that are probable at settlement. 

Other Intangible Assets

The other intangible assets represents the Core Deposit Intangible (“CDI”) acquired in business combinations. 
The fair value of the CDI stemming from any given business combination is based on the present value of the expected 
cost savings attributable to the core deposit funding, relative to an alternative source of funding. The CDI is amortized 
over an estimated useful life which approximates the existing deposit relationships acquired on an accelerated method. 

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The Company evaluates such identifiable intangibles for impairment when an indication of impairment exists.

Goodwill

The Company’s goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired 
in acquisitions. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2011-08 Intangibles – Goodwill and Other
(Topic 350), an entity is not required to calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless the entity determines that it 
is more likely than not that its fair value is less than its carrying amount. In other words, before the first step of the 
existing guidance, the entity has the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether the existence of 
events or circumstances leads to a determination that the fair value of goodwill is less than carrying value. The qualitative 
assessment includes adverse events or circumstances identified that could negatively affect the reporting units’ fair 
value as well as positive and mitigating events. Such indicators may include, among others: a significant change in 
legal  factors  or  in  the  general  business  climate;  significant  change  in  the  Company’s  stock  price  and  market 
capitalization; unanticipated competition; and an action or assessment by a regulator. If, after assessing the totality of 
events or circumstances, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less 
than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step process is unnecessary. The entity has the option to bypass 
the qualitative assessment step for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to the first step of the two-
step process. The entity can resume performing the qualitative assessment in any subsequent period.

The first step of the goodwill impairment test is performed, when considered necessary, by comparing the 
reporting unit’s aggregate fair value to its carrying value. Absent other indicators of impairment, if the aggregate fair 
value exceeds the carrying value, goodwill is not considered impaired and no additional analysis is necessary. If the 
carrying value of the reporting unit were to exceed the aggregate fair value, a second step would be performed to 
measure  the  amount  of  impairment  loss,  if  any. To  measure  any  impairment  loss  the  implied  fair  value  would  be 
determined in the same manner as if the reporting unit were being acquired in a business combination. If the implied 
fair value of goodwill is less than the recorded goodwill, an impairment charge would be recorded for the difference.

Income Taxes

The Company and the Bank file a United States consolidated federal income tax return and an Oregon State 
income tax return. Income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change 
in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences 
attributable  to  differences  between  the  consolidated  financial  statement  carrying  amounts  of  existing  assets  and 
liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates 
applicable to taxable income in the periods in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or 
settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rate is recognized in income in the period 
that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amounts expected 
to be realized.

A tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained 
in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount 
of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more 
likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in “income taxes” 

in the Consolidated Statements of Income as the amounts are generally insignificant each year. 

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company maintains a number of stock-based incentive programs, which are discussed in more detail in 
Note (19) Stock-Based Compensation. Compensation cost is recognized for stock options, restricted stock awards 
and restricted stock units issued to employees and directors, based on the fair value of these awards at the date of 
grant. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, generally defined as the vesting period, on 
a straight-line basis. Compensation cost for restricted stock units with market-based vesting is recognized over the 
service period to the extent the restricted stock units are expected to vest. With the adoption of FASB ASU 2016-09 
on January 1, 2017, forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

The market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant is used to determine the fair value of 
the restricted stock awards and restricted stock units. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated based on 
the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Certain restricted stock unit grants are subject 
to performance-based vesting as well as other approved vesting conditions and cliff vest based on those conditions, 
and the fair value is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation pricing model. The assumptions used in the Black-
Scholes-Merton option pricing model and the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model include the expected term based 
on the valuation date and the remaining contractual term of the award; the risk-free interest rate based on the U.S. 

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Treasury curve at the valuation date of the award; the expected dividend yield based on expected dividends being 
payable to the holders; and the expected stock price volatility over the expected term based on the historical volatility 
over the equivalent historical term.

Deferred Compensation Plan

The Company has adopted a Deferred Compensation Plan and has entered into arrangements with certain 
executive officers. Under the Plan, participants are permitted to elect to defer compensation and the Company has 
the discretion to make additional contributions to the Plan on behalf of any participant based on a number of factors. 
Such discretionary contributions are generally approved by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of 
Directors. The notional account balances of participants under the Plan earn interest on an annual basis. The applicable 
interest rate is the Moody’s Seasoned Aaa Corporate Bond Yield as of January 1 of each year. Generally, a participant’s 
account is payable upon the earliest of the participant’s separation from service with the Company, the participant’s 
death or disability, or a specified date that is elected by the participant in accordance with applicable rules of the Internal 
Revenue Code. The Company’s obligation to make payments under the Plan is a general obligation of the Company 
and is to be paid from the Company’s general assets. As such, participants are general unsecured creditors of the 
Company with respect to their participation under the Plan. The Company records a liability within accrued expenses 
and other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and records compensation expense in a 
systematic and rational manner. Since the amounts earned are generally based on the Company’s annual performance, 
the  Company  records  deferred  compensation  expense  each  year  for  an  amount  calculated  based  on  that  year’s 
financial performance.

Earnings per Share

The two-class method is used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share. Basic earnings 
per  common  share  is  net  income  allocated  to  common  shareholders  divided  by  the  weighted  average  number  of 
common shares outstanding during the period. All outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain 
rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered participating securities for this calculation. Dividends and undistributed 
earnings allocated to participating securities are excluded from net income allocated to common shareholders and 
participating securities are excluded from weighted average common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common 
share is calculated using the treasury stock method and includes the dilutive effect of additional potential common 
shares  issuable  under  stock  options.  Earnings  and  dividends  per  share  are  restated  for  all  stock  splits  and  stock 
dividends through the date of issuance of the financial statements.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes interest rate swap derivative contracts to facilitate the needs of its customers. Under 
these transactions, the Company enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while at the same time entering 
into an offsetting interest rate swap with another financial institution. In connection with each swap transaction, the 
Company agrees to pay interest to the customer on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest 
from the customer on a similar notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Company agrees to pay 
another financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable 
interest rate on the same notional amount. The transaction allows the Company’s customer to effectively convert a 
variable rate loan to a fixed rate. Because the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer, changes in the fair 
value of the underlying derivative contracts for the most part offset each other and do not significantly impact the 
Company’s results of operations. These interest rate swaps are not designated as hedging instruments.

The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in prepaid expenses and other assets and accrued 
expenses and other liabilities in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and the net change 
in each of these financial statement line items is included in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For non-
hedging derivative instruments, gains and losses due to changes in fair value and all cash flows are included in other 
noninterest  income  in  the  Company's  Consolidated  Statements  of  Income,  but  net  to  zero  for  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2017 and 2016 based on the identical back-to-back interest rate swaps.

Operating Segments

While the Company’s chief decision-makers monitor the revenue streams of the various products and services, 
operations are managed and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. Operating segments are 
aggregated into one as operating results for all segments are similar. Accordingly, all of the financial service operations 
are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment.

77

 
(d) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, was issued in May 2014. Under this Update, 
FASB created a new Topic 606 which is in response to a joint initiative of FASB and the International Accounting 
Standards Board to clarify the principles for recognizing revenue and to develop a common revenue standard for U.S. 
GAAP and international financial reporting standards that would: 

•  Remove inconsistencies and weaknesses in revenue requirements. 

•  Provide a more robust framework for addressing revenue issues. 

• 

Improve comparability of revenue recognition practices across entities, industries, jurisdictions and capital 
markets. 

•  Provide more useful information to users of financial statements through improved disclosure requirements. 

•  Simplify the preparation of financial statements by reducing the number of requirements to which an entity 

must refer. 

The original effective date for this Update was deferred in FASB ASU 2015-14 below. 

FASB ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), was issued in August 2015 and 
defers the effective date of the above-mentioned FASB ASU 2014-09 for certain entities. Public business entities, 
certain not-for-profit entities and certain employee benefit plans should apply the guidance in Update 2014-09 to annual 
reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. 
Earlier application is permitted, but only as of annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, including 
interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company adopted the revenue recognition guidance on 
January  1,  2018  using  the  modified  retrospective  approach. A  significant  amount  of  the  Company’s  revenues  are 
derived from interest income on financial assets, which are excluded from the scope of the amended guidance. With 
respect to noninterest income and related disclosures, the Company has identified and evaluated the revenue streams 
and underlying revenue contracts within the scope of the guidance. The Company has not identified any significant 
changes in the timing of revenue recognition when considering the amended accounting guidance and it is implementing 
processes and procedures to ensure it is fully compliant with the disclosure requirements that are required beginning 
with the quarterly reporting period as of March 31, 2018. The Company has elected to adopt the new guidance under 
the modified retrospective approach and, except for certain disclosure requirements, does not expect the new guidance 
to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

FASB ASU 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Subtopic 
825-10), was issued in January 2016, to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of 
financial statements with more decision-useful information. This Update contains several provisions, including but not 
limited to 1) requiring equity investments, with certain exceptions, to be measured at fair value with changes in fair 
value  recognized  in  net  income;  2)  simplifying  the  impairment  assessment  of  equity  investments  without  readily 
determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment; 3) eliminating the requirement 
to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value; and 4) requiring separate presentation 
of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset on the balance sheet or the 
accompanying  notes  to  the  financial  statements. The  Update  also  changes  certain  financial  statement  disclosure 
requirements, including requiring disclosures of the fair value of financial instruments be made on the basis of exit 
price. The Update is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim 
periods within those fiscal years. This Update will not have a significant impact on the Company’s statements of financial 
condition or income and the Company is implementing processes and procedures to ensure it is fully compliant with 
the disclosures requirements of this Update related to fair value of its financial instruments beginning with the quarterly 
reporting period as of March 31, 2018.

FASB ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) was originally issued in February 2016, to increase transparency and 
comparability of leases among organizations and to disclose key information about leasing arrangements. The Update 
sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both lessees and 
lessors. The Update requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either a finance or operating 
lease. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method 
or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a 
lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. All cash payments will 
be classified within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. In transition, lessees and lessors are required 
to recognize and measure leases at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective 
approach. The Update is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including 

78

 
 
 
 
interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company anticipates adopting the Update on January 1, 2019. Upon 
adoption of the guidance, the Company expects to report increased assets and increased liabilities on its Consolidated 
Statements of Financial Condition as a result of recognizing right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to certain 
banking  offices  and  certain  equipment  under  noncancelable  operating  lease  agreements,  which  currently  are  not 
reflected in its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.  During 2017, management developed its methodology 
to estimate the right-of use assets and lease liabilities. The Company anticipates electing an exclusion accounting 
policy for lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. The Company was committed 
to $13.0 million of minimum lease payments under noncancelable operating lease agreements at December 31, 2017. 
The  Company  does  not  expect  the  adoption  of  this  amendment  will  have  a  significant  impact  to  its  Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

FASB  ASU  2016-08, Revenue  from  Contracts  with  Customers  (Topic  606):  Principal  versus  Agent 
Considerations, was issued in March 2016 and it clarifies the implementation guidance of the above-mentioned FASB 
ASU 2014-09 as it relates to principal versus agent considerations. The Update addresses identifying the unit of account 
and nature of the goods or services as well as applying the control principle and interactions with the control principle. 
The  amendments  to  the  Update  do  not  change  the  core  principle  of  the  guidance.  The  effective  date,  transition 
requirements and impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for this Update are the same as those 
described in FASB ASU 2015-14 above.

FASB ASU 2016-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718), issued in March 2016, is intended to simplify several 
aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions. For public business entities, the guidance is 
effective for annual periods after December 15, 2016, including interim periods within those annual periods with early 
adoption permitted. Certain amendments are required to be applied using a modified retrospective transition method 
by means of a cumulative-effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is adopted. 
Other amendments are applied retroactively (such as presentation of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash 
flows) or prospectively (such as recognition of excess tax benefits on the income statement). The Company adopted 
this standard effective January 1, 2017. The Company made an accounting policy election upon adoption to account 
for forfeitures as they occur, and this change resulted in a cumulative adjustment that was immaterial to all periods 
presented. Changes to the statement of cash flows have been applied prospectively and the Company recorded excess 
tax benefits in its income tax expense. Adoption of all other changes under this Update did not have a material impact 
on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

FASB ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations 
and Licensing, was issued in April 2016 which clarifies the implementation guidance of the above-mentioned FASB 
ASU  2014-09  as  it  relates  to  identifying  performance  obligations  and  licensing.  The  effective  date,  transition 
requirements and impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for this Update are the same as those 
described in FASB ASU 2015-14 above.

FASB ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow-scope Improvements and 
Practical Expedients, was issued in May 2016. The amendments in this Update do not change the core principle of 
the guidance in Topic 606. Rather, the amendments in this Update affect only the narrow aspects of Topic 606. The 
effective date, transition requirements and impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements for this Update 
are the same as those described in FASB ASU 2015-14 above.

FASB ASU  2016-13, Financial  Instruments:  Credit  Losses  (Topic  326):  Measurement  of  Credit  Losses  on 
Financial Instruments, was issued in June 2016. Commonly referred to as the current expected credit loss model 
("CECL"), this Update requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount 
expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized 
cost basis of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial 
asset.  The  measurement  of  expected  credit  losses  is  based  on  relevant  information  about  past  events  including 
historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectibility of the 
reported amount. The amendment affects loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off-
balance-sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables and any other financial asset not excluded from the scope 
that have the contractual right to receive cash. The Update replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology, which 
generally only considered past events and current conditions, with a methodology that reflects the expected credit 
losses and required consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to estimate all expected 
credit losses. The Update additionally addresses purchased assets and introduces the purchased financial asset with 
a more-than-insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination ("PCD"). The accounting for these PCD assets 
is  similar  to  the  existing  accounting  guidance  of  FASB  ASC  310-30, Loans  and  Debt  Securities  Acquired  with 
Deteriorated  Credit  Quality,  for  PCI  assets,  except  the  subsequent  improvements  in  estimated  cash  flows  will  be 
immediately recognized into income, similar to the immediate recognition of subsequent deteriorations in cash flows. 

79

 
 
 
 
 
Current guidance only allows for the prospective recognition of these cash flow improvements. Because the terminology 
has been changed to a "more-than-insignificant" amount of credit deterioration, the presumption is that more assets 
might qualify for this accounting under the Update than those under current guidance. For public business entities, 
the Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal 
years with early adoption permitted for fiscal years after December 15, 2018. An entity will apply the Update through 
a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance 
is adopted. A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities. An entity that has previously applied the 
guidance of FASB ASC 310-30 will prospectively apply the guidance in this Update for PCD assets. A prospective 
transition approach should be used for PCD assets where upon adoption, the amortized cost basis should be adjusted 
to reflect the addition of the allowance for credit losses. The Company is anticipating adopting the Update on January 
1, 2020. Upon adoption, the Company expects a change in the processes, internal controls and procedures to calculate 
the allowance for loan losses, including changes in assumptions and estimates to consider expected credit losses 
over the life of the loan versus the current accounting practice that utilizes the incurred loss model. The new guidance 
may result in an increase in the allowance for loan losses which will also reflect the new requirement to include the 
nonaccretable principal differences on PCI loans; however, the Company is still in the process of determining the 
magnitude of the increase and its impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. In addition, the current accounting 
policy and procedures for other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities available for sale will be replaced 
with an allowance approach. During 2017, the Company's management created a CECL steering committee which 
has begun developing and implementing processes and procedures to ensure it is fully compliant with the amendments 
at  the  adoption  date. To  date,  the  CECL  steering  committee  has  selected  a  vendor  to  assist  the  Company  in  the 
adoption and has begun the implementation discovery sessions.

FASB ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash 
Payments, was issued in August 2016. The Update addresses eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of 
reducing the existing diversity in practice. For public business entities, the guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning 
after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted and must be 
applied using a retrospective transitional method to each period presented. The Company has evaluated the new 
guidance and does not anticipate that its adoption of this Update on January 1, 2018 will have a significant impact on 
its Consolidated Financial Statements.

FASB ASU 2017-03, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections (Topic 250) and Investments—Equity Method 
and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to Staff Announcements at the September 
22, 2016 and November 17, 2016 EITF Meetings (SEC Update), was issued in January 2017. The SEC staff view is 
that a registrant should evaluate FASB ASC Updates that have not yet been adopted to determine the appropriate 
financial disclosures about the potential material effects of the updates on the financial statements when adopted. If 
a registrant does not know or cannot reasonably estimate the impact of an update, then in addition to making a statement 
to that effect, the registrant should consider additional qualitative financial statement disclosures to assist the reader 
in  assessing  the  significance  of  the  impact.  The  staff  expects  the  additional  qualitative  disclosures  to  include  a 
description of the effect of the accounting policies expected to be applied compared to current accounting policies. 
Also,  the  registrant  should  describe  the  status  of  its  process  to  implement  the  new  standards  and  the  significant 
implementation matters yet to be addressed. The amendments specifically addressed recent FASB ASC amendments 
to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses; Topic 842, Leases; and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with 
Customers; although, the amendments apply to any subsequent amendments to guidance in the FASB ASC. The 
Company adopted the amendments in this Update during the fourth quarter of 2016 and appropriate disclosures have 
been included in this Note for each recently issued accounting standard.

FASB ASU 2017-04, Goodwill (Topic 350), was issued in January 2017 and eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill 
impairment test. Under the amendments, an entity should perform its goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair 
value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by 
which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The loss recognized, however, should not exceed 
the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects 
from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment 
loss, if applicable.  The Update is effective for annual periods or any interim goodwill impairment tests beginning after 
December 15, 2019 using a prospective transition method and early adoption is permitted. The Company does not 
expect the Update will have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

FASB  ASU  2017-08,  Receivables—Nonrefundable  Fees  and  Other  Costs  (Subtopic  310-20):  Premium 
Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities was issued in March 2017 and changes the accounting for certain 
purchased callable debt securities held at a premium to shorten the amortization period for the premium to the earliest 
call date rather than to the maturity date. Accounting for purchased callable debt securities held at a discount does 
not change. The discount would continue to amortize to the maturity date. The Update is effective for reporting periods 

80

 
 
 
 
beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the Update will have 
a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements as the Company had been accounting for premiums as 
prescribed under this guidance. The Company adopted this Update in January 2018.

FASB ASU 2017-09, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting was 
issued in May 2017 to provide clarity as to when to apply modification accounting when there is a change in the terms 
or conditions of a share-based payment award. According to this Update, an entity should account for the effects of a 
modification unless the fair value, vesting conditions and balance sheet classification of the award is the same after 
the modification as compared to the original award prior to the modification. The Update is effective for reporting periods 
beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the Update will have 
a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

FASB ASU 2018-02, Income Statement — Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of 
Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” was issued to address the income tax accounting 
treatment of the stranded tax effects within other comprehensive income due to the prohibition of backward tracing 
due to an income tax rate change that was initially recorded in other comprehensive income. This issue came about 
from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on December 22, 2017 that changed the Company’s income tax rate 
from 35% to 21%. The Update changed current accounting whereby an entity may elect to reclassify the stranded tax 
effect from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The Update is effective for periods beginning 
after December 15, 2018 although early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted ASU 2018-02 effective 
December 31, 2017 and elected a portfolio policy to reclassify the stranded tax effects of the change in the federal 
corporate tax rate of the net unrealized gains on our available-for-sale investment securities from accumulated other 
comprehensive loss, net to retained earnings.

Application of US GAAP in Accounting for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118) to address the 
application of US GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared, 
or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of 
the 2017 Tax Act.  SAB 118 provides guidance to registrants under three scenarios: (1) Measurement of certain income 
tax  effects  is  complete,  (2)  Measurement  of  certain  income  tax  effects  can  be  reasonable  estimated  and  (3) 
Measurement of certain income tax effects cannot be reasonably estimated.  SAB 118 provides a one year measurement 
period for the registrant to complete its accounting for certain income tax effects that are considered provisional or for 
which reasonable estimates cannot be made. The Company recognized the income tax effects of the 2017 Tax Act in 
its 2017 financial statements in accordance with SAB 118.

(2) 

Investment Securities

The Company’s investment policy is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable 

return on assets without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and complement the Bank’s lending activities.

81

 
 
 
(a) Securities by Type and Maturity

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains, gross unrealized losses and fair values of investment securities 

available for sale at the dates indicated were as follows:

December 31, 2017
U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored

agencies

Municipal securities

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized 

mortgage obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Collateralized loan obligations
Corporate obligations
Other securities (2)

Total

December 31, 2016

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored

agencies

Municipal securities

Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized 

mortgage obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Collateralized loan obligations

Corporate obligations
Other securities (2)

Total

Amortized
Cost

Gross
Unrealized
Gains

Gross
Unrealized
Losses

(In thousands)

Fair
Value

$

13,460 $

6 $

(24) $

13,442

247,358

3,720

(1,063)

250,015

282,724

219,696
4,561
16,594

27,781

422

444
19
220

652

(2,935)

(3,061)
—
(44)

—

280,211

217,079
4,580
16,770

28,433

$

812,174 $

5,483 $

(7,127) $

810,530

$

1,563 $

6 $

— $

1,569

237,305

2,427

(2,476)

237,256

310,391

211,259
10,505

16,611

11,005

985

599

4

104

156

(2,200)

(3,540)

(31)

(9)

(19)

309,176

208,318

10,478

16,706

11,142

$

798,639 $

4,281 $

(8,275) $

794,645

(1) Issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.
(2) Primarily asset-backed securities issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.

There were no securities classified as trading or held to maturity at December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016.

The  amortized  cost  and  fair  value  of  investment  securities  available  for  sale  at  December 31,  2017,  by 
contractual  maturity,  are  set  forth  below. Actual  maturities  may  differ  from  contractual  maturities  because  certain 
borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Due in one year or less

Due after one year through five years

Due after five years through ten years

Due after ten years

Investment securities with no stated maturities

Total

Amortized Cost

Fair Value

$

$

(In thousands)
8,922 $

132,271
240,089
430,847

45

812,174 $

8,982
132,497
238,613
430,292

146

810,530

82

 
 
(b) Unrealized Losses and Other-Than-Temporary Impairments

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company's investment securities 
available for sale that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and 
length of time that the individual securities have been in continuous unrealized loss positions as of December 31, 2017
and December 31, 2016:

Less than 12 Months

12 Months or Longer

Total

Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

Fair
Value

Unrealized
Losses

(In thousands)

December 31, 2017
U.S. Treasury and U.S.

Government-sponsored
agencies

Municipal securities

Mortgage-backed securities and 
collateralized mortgage 
obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Corporate obligations

Total

December 31, 2016

Municipal securities

Mortgage-backed securities and 
collateralized mortgage 
obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Collateralized loan obligations

Corporate obligations
Other securities (2)
Total

$

11,436 $

(24) $

— $

— $

11,436 $

(24)

39,298

(384)

26,509

(679)

65,807

(1,063)

175,847

(1,296)

75,121
3,472
$ 305,174 $

(700)

(44)

66,380

90,822

—

(1,639)

(2,361)

—

242,227

165,943

3,472

(2,935)

(3,061)

(44)

(2,448) $ 183,711 $

(4,679) $ 488,885 $

(7,127)

$

90,188 $

(2,476) $

— $

— $

90,188 $

(2,476)

181,562

157,055

2,976

4,032

6,998
$ 442,811 $

(2,148)

(3,446)

(1)

(9)

(19)

10,854

12,597

2,969

—

—

(52)

(94)

(30)

—

—

192,416

169,652

5,945

4,032

6,998

(2,200)

(3,540)

(31)

(9)

(19)

(8,099) $

26,420 $

(176) $ 469,231 $

(8,275)

(1) Issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.
(2) Primarily asset-backed securities issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.

The Company has evaluated these investment securities available for sale as of December 31, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016 and has determined that the decline in their value is not other-than-temporary. The unrealized 
losses are primarily due to increases in market interest rates. The fair value of these securities is expected to recover 
as the securities approach their maturity date. None of the underlying issuers of the municipal securities had credit 
ratings that were below investment grade levels at December 31, 2017 or December 31, 2016. The Company has the 
ability and intent to hold the investments until recovery of the securities' amortized cost which may be the maturity 
date of the securities.

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 there were no other-than-temporary charges recorded 

to net income.

83

 
 
(c) Realized Gains and Losses

The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on the sale of securities available for sale 

for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

Gross realized gains

Gross realized losses
Net realized gains

(d) Pledged Securities

Year ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

193 $

(187)

6 $

1,518 $

(203)

1,315 $

2,109

(593)

1,516

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities available for sale 

that are pledged as collateral for the following obligations at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

December 31, 2017
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

December 31, 2016
Fair
Value

Amortized
Cost

(In thousands)

$

206,377 $

206,425 $

214,834 $

215,247

48,750

12,484

48,237

12,498

29,481

3,557

29,294

3,546

$

267,611 $

267,160 $

247,872 $

248,087

Washington and Oregon state to secure public

deposits

Repurchase agreements

Other securities pledged

Total

(3) 

Loans Receivable

The Company originates loans in the ordinary course of business and has also acquired loans through FDIC-
assisted and open bank transactions. Disclosures related to the Company's recorded investment in loans receivable 
generally exclude accrued interest receivable and net deferred fees or costs because they are insignificant. 

(a) Loan Origination/Risk Management

The Company categorizes loans in one of the four segments of the total loan portfolio: commercial business, 
one-to-four family residential, real estate construction and land development and consumer. Within these segments 
are classes of loans for which management monitors and assesses credit risk in the loan portfolios. The Company 
has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable 
level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and procedures on a regular basis. A reporting system 
supplements the review process by providing management with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, 
concentrations  of  credit,  loan  delinquencies  and  nonperforming  and  criticized  loans. The  Company  also  conducts 
internal loan reviews and validates the credit risk assessment on a periodic basis and presents the results of these 
reviews to management. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment 
decisions made by loan officers and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures.

A discussion of the risk characteristics of each loan portfolio segment is as follows:

Commercial Business:

There are three significant classes of loans in the commercial business portfolio segment: commercial and 
industrial, owner-occupied commercial real estate and non-owner occupied commercial real estate. The owner and 
non-owner  occupied  commercial  real  estate  classes  are  both  considered  commercial  real  estate  loans.  As  the 
commercial and industrial loans carry different risk characteristics than the commercial real estate loans, they are 
discussed separately below.

Commercial and industrial. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily made based on the identified cash 
flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, 
however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial and 

84

industrial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or 
inventory and may include a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured 
basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans 
may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from its customers. Commercial 
and industrial loans carry more risk than other loans because the borrowers’ cash flow is less predictable, and in the 
event of a default, the amount of loss is potentially greater and more difficult to quantify because the value of the 
collateral securing these loans may fluctuate, may be uncollectible, or may be obsolete or of limited use, among other 
things.

Commercial real estate. The Company originates commercial real estate loans primarily within its primary 
market areas. These loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial and industrial 
loans in that these loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate 
properties. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and payments on loans, 
and repayment is dependent on successful operation and management of the properties. The value of the real estate 
securing these loans can be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate market or the economy. There is little 
difference in risk between owner-occupied commercial real estate loans and non-owner occupied commercial real 
estate loans.

One-to-Four Family Residential:

The majority of the Company’s one-to-four family residential loans are secured by single-family residences 
located in its primary market areas. The Company’s underwriting standards require that single-family portfolio loans 
generally are owner-occupied and do not exceed 80% of the lower of appraised value at origination or cost of the 
underlying collateral. Terms of maturity typically range from 15 to 30 years. The Company sells most of its single-family 
loans in the secondary market and retains a smaller portion in its loan portfolio.

Real Estate Construction and Land Development:

The  Company  originates  construction  loans  for  one-to-four  family  residential  and  for  five  or  more  family 
residential  and  commercial  properties.  The  one-to-four  family  residential  construction  loans  generally  include 
construction of custom homes whereby the home buyer is the borrower. The Company also provides financing to 
builders for the construction of pre-sold homes and, in selected cases, to builders for the construction of speculative 
residential  property.  Substantially  all  construction  loans  are  short-term  in  nature  and  priced  with  variable  rates  of 
interest. Construction lending can involve a higher level of risk than other types of lending because funds are advanced 
partially  based  upon  the  value  of  the  project,  which  is  uncertain  prior  to  the  project’s  completion. Because  of  the 
uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs as well as the market value of a completed project and the 
effects of governmental regulation of real property, the Company’s estimates with regard to the total funds required to 
complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio may vary from actual results. As a result, construction loans often 
involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment dependent, in part, on the success of the ultimate project 
and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or refinance the indebtedness. If the Company’s estimate 
of the value of a project at completion proves to be overstated, it may have inadequate security for repayment of the 
loan and may incur a loss if the borrower does not repay the loan. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may 
be pre-committed permanent loans from approved long-term lenders, sales of developed property or an interim loan 
commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site 
inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being 
dependent upon successful completion of the construction project, interest rate changes, government regulation of 
real property, general economic conditions and the availability of long-term financing.

Consumer:

The  Company  originates  consumer  loans  and  lines  of  credit  that  are  both  secured  and  unsecured.  The 
underwriting process for these loans ensures a qualifying primary and secondary source of repayment. Underwriting 
standards for home equity loans are significantly influenced by statutory requirements, which include, but are not limited 
to, a maximum loan-to-value percentage of 80%, collection remedies, the number of such loans a borrower can have 
at one time and documentation requirements. To monitor and manage consumer loan risk, policies and procedures 
are developed and modified, as needed. The majority of consumer loans are for relatively small amounts disbursed 
among many individual borrowers which reduces the credit risk for this type of loan. To further reduce the risk, trend 
reports are reviewed by management on a regular basis.

The Company also originates indirect consumer loans. These loans are for new and used automobile and 
recreational vehicles that are originated indirectly by selected dealers located in the Company's market areas. The 
Company has limited its purchase of indirect loans primarily to dealerships that are established and well-known in their 
market areas and to applicants that are not classified as sub-prime.

85

Loans receivable at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of the following portfolio segments 

and classes:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and commercial properties

Total real estate construction and land development

Consumer

Gross loans receivable

Net deferred loan costs

 Loans receivable, net

Allowance for loan losses

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

$

645,396 $

622,150

986,594

2,254,140

86,997

51,985

97,499

149,484

355,091

2,845,712

3,359

2,849,071

(32,086)

637,773

558,035

880,880

2,076,688

77,391

50,414

108,764

159,178

325,140

2,638,397

2,352

2,640,749

(31,083)

 Total loans receivable, net

$

2,816,985 $

2,609,666

(b) Concentrations of Credit

Most of the Company’s lending activity occurs within its primary market areas which are concentrated along 
the I-5 corridor from Whatcom County to Clark County in Washington State and Multnomah County in Oregon, as well 
as  other  contiguous  markets.  The  majority  of  the  Company’s  loan  portfolio  consists  of  (in  order  of  balances  at 
December 31,  2017)  non-owner  occupied  commercial  real  estate,  commercial  and  industrial  and  owner-occupied 
commercial real estate. As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no concentrations of loans 
related to any single industry in excess of 10% of the Company’s total loans.

(c) Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks 
certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the risk grade of the loans, (ii) the level of classified loans, 
(iii) net charge-offs, (iv) nonperforming loans and (v) the general economic conditions of the United States of America, 
and specifically the states of Washington and Oregon. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk 
grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10. A description of the general characteristics of the 
risk grades is as follows:

• 

• 

• 

Grades 1 to 5: These grades are considered “pass grade” and include loans with negligible to above 
average but acceptable risk. These borrowers generally have strong to acceptable capital levels and 
consistent earnings and debt service capacity. Loans with the higher grades within the “pass” category 
may  include  borrowers  who  are  experiencing  unusual  operating  difficulties,  but  have  acceptable 
payment performance to date. Increased monitoring of financial information and/or collateral may be 
appropriate. Loans with this grade show no immediate loss exposure.

Grade 6: This grade includes "Watch" loans and is considered a “pass grade”. The grade is intended 
to  be  utilized  on  a  temporary  basis  for  pass  grade  borrowers  where  a  potentially  significant  risk-
modifying action is anticipated in the near term.

Grade 7: This grade includes “Other Assets Especially Mentioned” (“OAEM”) loans in accordance with 
regulatory guidelines, and is intended to highlight loans with elevated risks. Loans with this grade 
show signs of deteriorating profits and capital, and the borrower might not be strong enough to sustain 
a major setback. The borrower is typically higher than normally leveraged, and outside support might 
be modest and likely illiquid. The loan is at risk of further decline unless active measures are taken to 
correct the situation.

86

• 

• 

• 

Grade 8: This grade includes “Substandard” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines, which 
the Company has determined have a high credit risk. These loans also have well-defined weaknesses 
which make payment default or principal exposure likely, but not yet certain. The borrower may have 
shown serious negative trends in financial ratios and performance. Such loans may be dependent 
upon collateral liquidation, a secondary source of repayment or an event outside of the normal course 
of  business.  Loans  with  this  grade  can  be  placed  on  accrual  or  nonaccrual  status  based  on  the 
Company’s accrual policy.

Grade  9:  This  grade  includes  “Doubtful”  loans  in  accordance  with  regulatory  guidelines,  and  the 
Company  has  determined  these  loans  to  have  excessive  credit  risk.  Such  loans  are  placed  on 
nonaccrual status and may be dependent upon collateral having a value that is difficult to determine 
or upon some near-term event which lacks certainty. Additionally, these loans generally have a specific 
valuation allowance or have been partially charged-off for the amount considered uncollectible.

Grade 10: This grade includes “Loss” loans in accordance with regulatory guidelines, and the Company 
has determined these loans have the highest risk of loss. Such loans are charged-off or charged-down 
when payment is acknowledged to be uncertain or when the timing or value of payments cannot be 
determined. “Loss” is not intended to imply that the loan or some portion of it will never be paid, nor 
does it in any way imply that there has been a forgiveness of debt.

Numerical loan grades for loans are established at the origination of the loan. Loan grades are reviewed on 
a quarterly basis, or more frequently if necessary, by the credit department. The Bank follows the FDIC’s Uniform Retail 
Credit  Classification  and  Account  Management  Policy  for  subsequent  classification  in  the  event  of  payment 
delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a 
specific  indication  of  credit  deterioration  or  improvement.  Credit  deterioration  is  evidenced  by  delinquency,  direct 
communications  with  the  borrower,  or  other  borrower  information  that  becomes  known  to  management.  Credit 
improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property.

The loan grades relate to the likelihood of losses in that the higher the grade, the greater the loss potential. 
Loans with a pass grade may have some estimated inherent losses, but to a lesser extent than the other loan grades. 
The OAEM loan grade is transitory in that the Company is waiting on additional information to determine the likelihood 
and extent of the potential loss. The likelihood of loss for OAEM graded loans, however, is greater than Watch graded 
loans because there has been measurable credit deterioration. Loans with a Substandard grade are generally loans 
for which the Company has individually analyzed for potential impairment. For Doubtful and Loss graded loans, the 
Company  is  almost  certain  of  the  losses,  and  the  outstanding  principal  balances  are  generally  charged-off  to  the 
realizable value.

87

The following tables present the balance of the loans receivable by credit quality indicator as of December 31, 

2017 and December 31, 2016.

December 31, 2017

Pass

OAEM

Substandard

Doubtful/
Loss

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

597,697 $

19,536 $

28,163 $

— $

645,396

Owner-occupied commercial real

estate

Non-owner occupied commercial

real estate
Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential
and commercial properties

Total real estate construction
and land development

Consumer

Gross loans receivable

595,455

12,668

14,027

955,450
2,148,602

85,762

49,925

96,404

10,494
42,698

—

537

707

146,329

1,244

349,590
$ 2,730,283 $

—
43,942 $

20,650
62,840

1,235

1,523

388

1,911

4,976

—

—
—

—

—

—

—

525

622,150

986,594
2,254,140

86,997

51,985

97,499

149,484

355,091

70,962 $

525 $ 2,845,712

December 31, 2016

Pass

OAEM

Substandard

Doubtful/
Loss

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

601,273 $

5,048 $

31,452 $

— $

637,773

532,585

4,437

21,013

Owner-occupied commercial real

estate

Non-owner occupied commercial

real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land

development:
One-to-four family residential
Five or more family residential
and commercial properties

Total real estate construction

and land development

841,383

1,975,241

76,020

44,752

105,723

150,475

14,573

24,058

—

500

1,150

1,650

Consumer

Gross loans receivable

320,140
$ 2,521,876 $

—
25,708 $

24,924

77,389

1,371

5,162

1,891

7,053

5,000

90,813 $

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

558,035

880,880

2,076,688

77,391

50,414

108,764

159,178

—
325,140
— $ 2,638,397

 Potential problem loans are loans classified as OAEM or worse that are currently accruing interest and are 
not considered impaired, but which management is monitoring because the financial information of the borrower causes 
concern as to their ability to meet their loan repayment terms. Potential problem loans may include PCI loans as these 
loans  continue  to  accrete  loan  discounts  established  at  acquisition  based  on  the  guidance  of  FASB ASC  310-30. 
Potential  problem  loans  as  of  December 31,  2017  and  December 31,  2016  were  $83.5  million  and  $87.8  million, 
respectively. The balance of potential problem loans guaranteed by a governmental agency, which guarantee reduces 

88

 
the Company's credit exposure, was $3.1 million and $1.1 million as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 
respectively. 

(d) Nonaccrual Loans

Nonaccrual loans, segregated by segments and classes of loans, were as follows as of December 31, 2017 

and December 31, 2016:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Total real estate construction and land development

Consumer

Nonaccrual loans

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

$

3,110 $

4,090

1,898

9,098

81

1,247

1,247

277

$

10,703 $

3,531

3,728

1,321

8,580

94

2,008

2,008

227

10,909

The Company had $1.9 million and $2.8 million of nonaccrual loans guaranteed by governmental agencies at 

December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

PCI loans are not included in the nonaccrual loan table above because these loans are accounted for under 
FASB ASC 310-30, which provides that accretable yield is calculated based on a loan's expected cash flow even if 
the loan is not performing under its contractual terms.

(e) Past due loans

The Company performs an aging analysis of past due loans using the categories of 30-89 days past due and 

90 or more days past due. This policy is consistent with regulatory reporting requirements. 

The balances of past due loans, segregated by segments and classes of loans, as of December 31, 2017 and 

December 31, 2016 were as follows:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial
Owner-occupied commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied commercial real

estate
Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential
Five or more family residential and

commercial properties

Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

December 31, 2017

30-89 Days

90 Days or
Greater

Total Past 
Due

Current

Total

(In thousands)

$

2,993 $

1,172 $

4,165 $

641,231 $

645,396

1,277

1,225

2,502

619,648

622,150

870

5,140

513

84

40

3,314

5,711

—

4,184

982,410

986,594

10,851

2,243,289

2,254,140

513

86,484

86,997

1,331

1,415

50,570

51,985

—

40

97,459

97,499

124

1,939

1,331

687

1,455

2,626

148,029

352,465

149,484

355,091

Gross loans receivable

$

7,716 $

7,729 $ 15,445 $ 2,830,267 $ 2,845,712

89

 
 
December 31, 2016

30-89 Days

90 Days or
Greater

Total Past 
Due

Current

Total

(In thousands)

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

2,687 $

1,733 $

4,420 $

633,353 $

637,773

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

1,807

2,915

4,722

553,313

558,035

Non-owner occupied commercial real

estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and

commercial properties

Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

733

5,227

523

90

—

90

2,292

—

4,648

—

733

880,147

880,880

9,875

2,066,813

2,076,688

523

76,868

77,391

2,008

2,098

48,316

50,414

377

377

108,387

108,764

2,385

105

2,475

2,397

156,703

322,743

159,178

325,140

Gross loans receivable

$

8,132 $

7,138 $ 15,270 $ 2,623,127 $ 2,638,397

There were no loans 90 days or more past due that were still accruing interest as of December 31, 2017 or 

2016, excluding PCI loans.

(f) Impaired loans

Impaired loans include nonaccrual loans and performing TDR loans. The balances of impaired loans as of 

December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are set forth in the following tables.

December 31, 2017

Recorded
Investment With
No Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Recorded
Investment With
Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Total
Recorded
Investment

(In thousands)

Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance

Related
Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

2,127 $

9,872 $

11,999 $

12,489 $

1,326

Owner-occupied commercial

real estate
Non-owner occupied

commercial real estate
Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land

development:
One-to-four family residential
Five or more family residential
and commercial properties
Total real estate

construction and land
development

Consumer

Total

2,452

4,722

9,301

—

938

—

938

160

$

10,399 $

90

4,356

6,808

7,054

11,297

25,525

299

16,019

34,826

299

16,172

35,715

308

309

645

954

282
27,060 $

1,247

2,200

645

645

1,892

442

2,845

466

621

1,222

3,169

93

2

37

39

54

37,459 $

39,334 $

3,355

 
 
December 31, 2016

Recorded
Investment With
No Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Recorded
Investment With
Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Total
Recorded
Investment

(In thousands)

Unpaid
Contractual
Principal
Balance

Related
Specific
Valuation
Allowance

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

1,739 $

10,636 $

12,375 $

13,249 $

1,199

Owner-occupied commercial

real estate

Non-owner occupied

commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential
and commercial properties

Total real estate

construction and land
development

Consumer

Total

1,150

4,905

7,794

—

2,243

—

2,243

48

$

10,085 $

3,574

4,724

5,107

6,413

20,623

321

828

1,079

1,907

262
23,113 $

11,318

28,417

321

3,071

1,079

4,150

310

11,386

29,742

325

3,755

1,079

4,834

325

511

797

2,507

97

6

60

66

64

33,198 $

35,226 $

2,734

The  Company  had  governmental  guarantees  of  $3.2  million  and  $3.5  million  related  to  the  impaired  loan 

balances at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 

The average recorded investment of impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015

are set forth in the following table.

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential
Five or more family residential and commercial properties

Total real estate construction and land development

Consumer

Total

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

11,310 $

10,207 $

5,401

12,162

28,873

309

2,315

903

3,218

351

4,540

11,709

26,456

279

3,305

1,656

4,961

645

9,781

4,346

9,257

23,384

257

3,841

2,008

5,849

171

$

32,751 $

32,341 $

29,661

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 no interest income was recognized subsequent to 
a loan’s classification as nonaccrual. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Bank recorded 
$1.2 million, $651,000 and $780,000, respectively, of interest income related to performing TDR loans. 

91

(g) Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

A TDR loan is a restructuring in which the Bank, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial 
difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. TDR loans are considered impaired 
and  are  separately  measured  for  impairment  under  FASB ASC  310-10-35,  whether  on  accrual  ("performing")  or 
nonaccrual ("nonperforming") status. The Company has more stringent definitions of concessions and impairment 
measures for PCI loans as these loans have known credit deterioration and are generally accreting income at a lower 
discounted rate as compared to the contractual note rate based on the guidance of FASB ASC 310-30. 

The majority of the Bank’s TDR loans are a result of granting extensions of maturity on troubled credits which 
have already been adversely classified. The Bank grants such extensions to reassess the borrower’s financial status 
and to develop a plan for repayment. The second most prevalent concessions are certain modifications with extensions 
that also include interest rate reductions. Certain TDR loans were additionally re-amortized over a longer period of 
time. These modifications would all be considered a concession for a borrower that could not obtain similar financing 
terms from another source other than from the Bank.

The financial effects of each modification will vary based on the specific restructure. For the majority of the 
Bank’s TDR loans, the loans were interest-only with a balloon payment at maturity. If the interest rate is not adjusted 
and the modified terms are consistent with other similar credits being offered, the Bank may not experience any loss 
associated  with  the  restructure.  If,  however,  the  restructure  involves  forbearance  agreements  or  interest  rate 
modifications, the Bank may not collect all the principal and interest based on the original contractual terms. The Bank 
estimates the necessary allowance for loan losses on TDR loans using the same guidance as used for other impaired 
loans.

The recorded investment balance and related allowance for loan losses of performing and nonaccrual TDR 

loans as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 were as follows:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Performing
TDR Loans

Nonaccrual
TDR Loans

Performing
TDR Loans

Nonaccrual
TDR Loans

TDR loans

$

26,757 $

(In thousands)
5,193 $

22,288 $

Allowance for loan losses on TDR loans

2,635

379

1,965

6,900

437

The unfunded commitment to borrowers related to TDR loans was $1.2 million and $249,000 at December 31, 

2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. 

92

 
Loans that were modified as TDR loans during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are set 

forth in the following table:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Number of
Contracts
 (1)

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance(1)(2)

Number of
Contracts
 (1)

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance(1)(2)
(Dollars in thousands)

Number of
Contracts
 (1)

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance(1)(2)

19 $

7,212

19 $

7,398

25 $

6,312

3

4

26

2

—

2

8

1,366

9,574
18,152

938

—

938

110
19,200

2

2

23

5

1

6

6

569

2,121

10,088

2,206

1,078

3,284

66

4

4

33

4

—

4

1

1,311

7,496

15,119

2,291

—

2,291

37

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial

real estate

Non-owner occupied

commercial real estate

Total commercial business

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential
and commercial properties
Total real estate

construction and land
development

Consumer

Total TDR loans
(1) Number of contracts and outstanding principal balance represent loans which have balances as of period end as 

13,438

35 $

38 $

36 $

17,447

certain loans may have been paid-down or charged-off during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

(2) Includes subsequent payments after modifications and reflects the balance as of period end. As the Bank did not 

forgive any principal or interest balance as part of the loan modification, the Bank’s recorded investment in each loan 
at the date of modification (pre-modification) did not change as a result of the modification (post-modification), except 
when the modification was the initial advance on a one-to-four family residential real estate construction and land 
development loan under a master guidance line. There were no advances on these types of loans during the years 
ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. 

Of the 36 loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2017, 21 loans with a total outstanding principal 
balance of $12.1 million had no prior modifications. The remaining loans included in the table above for the year ended 
December 31, 2017 were previously reported as TDR loans. The Bank typically grants shorter extension periods to 
continually monitor the TDR loans despite the fact that the extended date might not be the date the Bank expects 
sufficient cash flow from these borrowers. The Bank does not consider these modifications a subsequent default of a 
TDR as new loan terms, specifically new maturity dates, were granted. The potential losses related to these loans 
would have been considered in the period the loan was first reported as a TDR loan and are adjusted, as necessary, 
in the current period based on more recent information. The related specific valuation allowance at December 31, 2017
was $1.8 million for loans that were modified as TDR loans during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Of the 35 loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2016, 17 loans with a total outstanding principal 
balance of $7.2 million had no prior modifications. Of the 38 loans modified during the year ended December 31, 2015, 
18 loans with a total outstanding principal balance of $7.0 million had no prior modifications. Similar to the year ended 
December 31, 2017 discussion above, the majority of the modifications in prior periods was the result of the Bank 
granting shorter extension periods to continually monitor the troubled credits, which resulted in TDR classification. The 
related specific valuation allowance for loans that were modified as TDR loans during the years ended December 31, 
2016 and 2015 was $1.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively. 

93

The loans modified during the previous twelve months that subsequently defaulted during the years ended 

December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are included in the following table: 

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Number of
Contracts 

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance

Number of
Contracts

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance

Number of
Contracts

Outstanding
Principal 
Balance

(Dollars in thousands)

1 $

1
2

2

2

1

283

80
363

938

938
7

— $

1
1

2

2

—

—

488
488

1,143

1,143

—

2 $

1,755

—
2

—

—

—

—
1755

—

—

—

5 $

1,308

3 $

1,631

2 $

1,755

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial
Owner-occupied commercial
real estate

Total commercial business

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Total real estate

construction and land
development

Consumer

Total

During the year ended December 31, 2017, there were four loans that defaulted because they were past their 
modified maturity dates, and the borrowers have not subsequently repaid the credits. The Bank has chosen not to 
extend the maturities on these loans. The one consumer loan defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2017 as 
it was greater than 90 days past due its modified terms, but the loan became current as of December 31, 2017.  The 
Bank had a specific valuation allowance of $1,000 at December 31, 2017 related to the credits which defaulted during 
the year ended December 31, 2017. 

During the year ended December 31, 2016, all three loans defaulted because they were past their modified 
maturity dates, and the borrowers had not repaid the credits. At December 31, 2016, the Bank was in the process of 
granting addition extensions on these loans. At December 31, 2015, there was one commercial and industrial loan 
totaling $1.7 million  that was modified during the previous twelve months and subsequently defaulted because the 
borrower did not make specific curtailment, or additional, payments on the loan during the year. The borrower was 
30-89 days past due as of December 31, 2015. The other commercial and industrial loan included in the above table 
that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2015 defaulted because the borrower was past its modified maturity 
date,  and  had  not  repaid  the  credits.  The  Bank  had  a  specific  valuation  allowance  of  $111,000  and  $191,000  at 
December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, related to the credits which defaulted during the related year ends. 

(h) Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

The Company acquired loans and designated them as PCI loans, which are accounted for under FASB ASC 

310-30.

94

 
 
The following table reflects the outstanding principal balance and recorded investment of the PCI loans at 

December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and commercial

properties
Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Gross PCI loans

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Outstanding
Principal

Recorded
Investment

Outstanding
Principal

Recorded
Investment

(In thousands)

$

8,818 $

2,912 $

12,230
14,295
35,343
4,120

841

2,361

3,202

3,974

11,515
13,342
27,769
5,255

89

2,035

2,124

5,455

13,067 $
17,639
25,037
55,743
5,120

2,958

2,614

5,572

5,296

9,317
15,973
23,360
48,650
4,905

2,123

2,488

4,611

6,282

$

46,639 $

40,603 $

71,731 $

64,448

On the acquisition dates, the amount by which the undiscounted expected cash flows of the PCI loans exceeded 
the estimated fair value of the loan is the “accretable yield.” The accretable yield is then measured at each financial 
reporting date and represents the difference between the remaining undiscounted expected cash flows and the current 
carrying value of the PCI loans.

The following table summarizes the accretable yield on the PCI loans for the years ended December 31, 

2017, 2016 and 2015. 

Balance at the beginning of the year

Accretion

Disposal and other

Change in accretable yield

Balance at the end of the year

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016
(In thousands)

2015

$

$

13,860 $

17,592 $

(3,471)

(2,758)

3,593

(4,962)

(3,329)

4,559

11,224 $

13,860 $

21,092

(6,993)

(3,111)

6,604

17,592

95

 
(i) Related Party Loans

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has granted loans to certain directors, executive officers and their 
affiliates (collectively referred to as “related parties”).

Activity in related party loans for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was as follows:

Year Ended or
As of
December 31,

Balance outstanding at December 31, 2014

Principal additions
Principal reductions

Balance outstanding at December 31, 2015

Principal additions
Principal reductions

Balance outstanding at December 31, 2016

Elimination of outstanding loan balance due to change in related party status
Principal additions
Principal reductions

Balance outstanding at December 31, 2017

(in thousands)
9,164
12,189
(578)
20,775
738
(1,596)
19,917
(10,930)
—
(527)
8,460

$

$

The Company had $750,000 and $891,000 of unfunded commitments to related parties as of December 31, 
2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company did not have any borrowings from related parties at December 31, 2017
or 2016.

(j) Mortgage Banking Activities

The Bank originates certain one-to-four family residential loans to be sold on the secondary market. The Bank 
does not retain servicing on loans sold in the secondary market. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the balance of loans 
held for sale was $2.3 million and $11.7 million, respectively. 

The following table presents information concerning the origination and sale of the Bank's one-to-four family 

residential loans and the gains from the sale of loans as a result of the Bank's mortgage banking activities.

One-to-four family residential loans:

Originated (1)
Sold

Gains on sales of loans, net (2)

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

144,066 $
113,786
3,412

178,169 $
141,127
3,723

164,974
132,365
3,150

(1) Includes loans originated for sale in the secondary market or for the Bank's loan portfolio.
(2) Excludes net gains on sales of SBA and other loans.

96

 
 
 
 
 
The Bank may additionally make commitments to fund one-to-four family residential loans (interest rate locks) 
to be sold into the secondary market. The contractual amounts of commitments to sell and fund with off-balance sheet 
risk at December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

Commitments to sell mortgage loans

Commitments to fund mortgage loans (at interest rates approximating

market rates) for portfolio or for sale:

Fixed rate
Variable or adjustable rate

Total commitments to fund mortgage loans

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

$

$

$

(In thousands)
10,140 $

18,166

10,894 $
56
10,950 $

19,301
4,189
23,490

The fair values of freestanding derivatives related to the commitments to fund mortgage loans and sell at 

locked interest rates were not significant at December 31, 2017 or 2016.

(k) SBA Loan Sales

The Company may choose to sell the conditionally guaranteed portion of certain loans guaranteed by the 
Small Business Administration or the U.S. Department of Agriculture (collectively referred to as "SBA loans") and retain 
a participating interest in the unguaranteed portion of the loans and the servicing of the loans. The retained unguaranteed 
portions of these loans are carried at cost net of discounts related to accounting for the sold and retained portions of 
the loans using the allocation of their carrying amounts based on their relative fair values. The Company does not sell 
SBA loans with servicing retained unless it retains a participating interest. Details of certain SBA loans serviced are 
as follows:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

SBA loans serviced for others with participating interest, gross loan

balance

$

53,809 $

SBA loans serviced for others with participating interest, participation 

balance owned by Bank (1) 

12,394

48,359

11,218

(1) Included in the balances of total loans receivable, net on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial 

Condition.

The Company recognized $467,000, $460,000 and $392,000 of servicing fee income and fees from SBA loans 
serviced for others for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Servicing fee income is 
reported in other income on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income.

(4) 

Allowance for Loan Losses 

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for 

probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. 

The FDIC shared-loss agreements terminated on August 4, 2015. Prior to their termination, when a credit 
deterioration occurred subsequent to the acquisition to a loan that was covered by the FDIC shared-loss agreements, 
a provision for loan losses was charged to earnings for the full amount of the impairment, without regard to the coverage 
of the FDIC shared-loss agreements. 

97

 
 
 
 
 
A summary of the changes in the allowance for loan losses during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016

and 2015 is as follows:

Balance at the beginning of the year

Charge-offs
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off
Provision for loan losses

Balance at the end of the year

2017

Year Ended December 31,
2016
(In thousands)

2015

$

$

31,083 $
(4,838)
1,621
4,220

32,086 $

29,746 $
(6,085)
2,491
4,931

31,083 $

27,729
(3,482)
1,127
4,372
29,746

The following table details the activity in the allowance for loan losses disaggregated by segment and class 

for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Balance at
Beginning of
Year

Charge-offs

Recoveries
(In thousands)

Provision for
Loan Losses

Balance at
End of Year

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

10,968 $

(859) $

792 $

(991) $

9,910

Owner-occupied commercial real

estate

Non-owner occupied commercial

real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and

commercial properties
Total real estate construction

and land development

Consumer

Unallocated

Total

3,661

(1,579)

—

(2,438)

(30)

(556)

—

(556)
(1,814)

—

155

—

947

2

202

—

202

470

—

1,755

344

1,108

69

419

(169)

250

2,401

392

3,992

8,097

21,999

1,056

862

1,190

2,052

6,081

898

(4,838) $

1,621 $

4,220 $

32,086

7,753

22,382

1,015

797

1,359

2,156

5,024

506
31,083 $

$

98

The  following  table  details  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  disaggregated  on  the  basis  of  the  Company's 

impairment method as of December 31, 2017. 

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and commercial

properties
Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Unallocated
Total

Loans
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Loans
Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Total
Allowance
for Loan
Losses

PCI Loans

(In thousands)

$

1,326 $

7,558 $

1,026

$

621

1,222

3,169

93

2

37

39

54

—

2,557

5,919

16,034

798

635

1,064

1,699

5,303

898

814

956

2,796

165

225

89

314

724

—

9,910

3,992

8,097

21,999

1,056

862

1,190

2,052

6,081

898

$

3,355 $

24,732 $

3,999

$

32,086

The following table details the recorded investment balance of the loan receivables disaggregated on the basis 

of the Company’s impairment method as of December 31, 2017:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development:

Loans
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Loans
Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment

PCI Loans

Total Gross
Loans
Receivable

(In thousands)

$

11,999 $

630,485 $

2,912

$

645,396

6,808

16,019

34,826

299

603,827

957,233

2,191,545

81,443

11,515

13,342

27,769

5,255

622,150

986,594

2,254,140

86,997

One-to-four family residential

1,247

50,649

89

51,985

Five or more family residential and commercial

properties
Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Total

645

94,819

2,035

97,499

1,892

442

145,468

349,194

$

37,459 $ 2,767,650 $

2,124

5,455
40,603

149,484

355,091
$ 2,845,712

99

 
The following table details the activity in the allowance for loan losses disaggregated by segment and class 

for the year ended December 31, 2016:

Balance at
Beginning of
Year

Charge-offs

Recoveries

(In thousands)

Provision for
Loan Losses

Balance at
End of Year

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

9,972 $

(3,265) $

1,844 $

2,417 $

10,968

Owner-occupied commercial real

estate

Non-owner occupied commercial

real estate
Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and

commercial properties
Total real estate construction

and land development

Consumer

Unallocated

Total

4,370

(538)

—

(171)

3,661

7,722
22,064
1,157

1,058

813

1,871

4,309

345
29,746 $

$

(350)
(4,153)
—

(100)

(54)

(154)
(1,778)

—

—
1,844
2

83

—

83

562

—

381
2,627
(144)

(244)

600

356

1,931

161

7,753
22,382
1,015

797

1,359

2,156

5,024

506

(6,085) $

2,491 $

4,931 $

31,083

The  following  table  details  the  allowance  for  loan  losses  disaggregated  on  the  basis  of  the  Company's 

impairment method as of December 31, 2016: 

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential
Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and commercial

properties
Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Unallocated

Total

Loans
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Loans
Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Total
Allowance
for Loan
Losses

PCI Loans

(In thousands)

$

1,199 $

8,048 $

1,721

$

10,968

511

797

2,507

97

6

60

66

64

—

1,834

5,142

15,024

643

538

1,168

1,706

3,912

506

1,316

1,814

4,851

275

253

131

384

1,048

—

3,661

7,753

22,382

1,015

797

1,359

2,156

5,024

506

$

2,734 $

21,791 $

6,558

$

31,083

100

 
The following table details the recorded investment balance of the loan receivables disaggregated on the basis 

of the Company’s impairment method as of December 31, 2016:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land development:

Loans
Individually
Evaluated
for
Impairment

Loans
Collectively
Evaluated
for
Impairment

PCI Loans

Total Gross
Loans
Receivable

(In thousands)

$

12,375 $

616,081 $

9,317

$

637,773

4,724

11,318

28,417

321

537,338

846,202

1,999,621

72,165

15,973

23,360

48,650

4,905

558,035

880,880

2,076,688

77,391

One-to-four family residential

3,071

45,220

2,123

50,414

Five or more family residential and commercial

properties
Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Total

1,079

105,197

2,488

108,764

4,150

310

150,417

318,548

4,611

6,282

159,178

325,140

$

33,198 $ 2,540,751 $

64,448

$ 2,638,397

The following table details the activity in the allowance for loan losses disaggregated by segment and class 

for the year ended December 31, 2015:

Balance at
Beginning of
Year

Charge-offs

Recoveries
(In thousands)

Provision for
Loan Losses

Balance at
End of Year

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$

10,553 $

(1,488) $

476 $

431 $

9,972

Owner-occupied commercial real

estate

Non-owner occupied commercial

real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land

development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and

commercial properties
Total real estate construction

and land development

Consumer

Unallocated

Total

4,032

5,601

20,186

1,200

1,786

972

2,758

2,769

816
27,729 $

$

101

—

(188)
(1,676)

—

(106)

—

(106)
(1,700)

—

—

—

476

13

100

—

100

538

—

338

4,370

2,309

3,078

(56)

(722)

(159)

(881)

2,702

(471)

7,722

22,064

1,157

1,058

813

1,871

4,309

345

(3,482) $

1,127 $

4,372 $

29,746

 
(5) 

FDIC Indemnification Asset

On August  4,  2015,  the  Bank  and  the  FDIC  entered  into  an  agreement  terminating  the  FDIC  shared-loss 
agreements  for  all  three  of  the  FDIC-assisted  acquisitions  (Cowlitz  Bank  and  Washington  Banking  Company's 
acquisitions of City Bank and North County Bank). The Bank paid consideration of $7.1 million to the FDIC for the 
termination of the shared-loss agreements related to these acquisitions. The termination of the shared-loss agreements 
resulted in a pre-tax gain of $1.7 million and the elimination of the FDIC indemnification asset and the FDIC clawback 
liability (included in “accrued expenses and other liabilities” in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition) 
which was recorded as of the termination date. The FDIC indemnification asset and FDIC clawback liability amounts 
were $388,000 and $9.3 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2015. All rights and obligations of the parties under the 
FDIC shared-loss agreements, including the clawback provisions, were eliminated under the termination agreement. 
It is not anticipated that the termination of the FDIC shared-loss agreements will have any impact on the yields for the 
loans  that  were  previously  covered  under  these  agreements. All  future  charge-offs,  recoveries,  gains,  losses  and 
expenses related to previously covered assets will now be recognized entirely by the Bank since the FDIC will no 
longer be sharing in such charge-offs, recoveries, gains, losses and expenses. 

The following table provides changes in the FDIC indemnification asset during the year ended December 31, 
2015. The years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are not included because of the above-mentioned termination.  

Balance at the beginning of the year

Cash payments received or receivable from the FDIC

FDIC share of additional estimated gains

Net amortization

Change due to termination of FDIC shared-loss agreements

Balance at the end of the year

(6) 

Other Real Estate Owned

Year Ended December 31,

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

1,116

(231)

(352)

(145)

(388)

—

Changes in other real estate owned during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were as 

follows:

Balance at the beginning of the year

Additions

Proceeds from dispositions
Gain (loss) on sales, net
Valuation adjustment
Balance at the end of the year

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands

754 $

2,019 $

32

(930)

144

—

1,431

(2,486)

173

(383)

3,355

2,845

(3,555)

(97)

(529)

— $

754 $

2,019

$

$

At December 31, 2017, there was no other real estate owned that was the result of foreclosure and obtaining 
physical possession of residential real estate properties . At December 31, 2017, the recorded investment of consumer 
mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties (included in the one-to-four family residential loan class 
in Note (3) Loans Receivable) for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process was $660,000. 

102

 
 
(7) 

Premises and Equipment

A summary of premises and equipment is as follows:

Land

Buildings and building improvements

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

Total premises and equipment

Accumulated depreciation

Premises and equipment, net

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

$

$

(In thousands)
21,483 $

50,984

20,894

93,361

33,036

60,325 $

22,677

52,432

18,723

93,832

29,921

63,911

Total depreciation expense on premises and equipment was $3.9 million, $3.9 million and $4.0 million for the 

years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(8) 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(a) Goodwill

The Company’s goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired 
in the Washington Banking Merger on May 1, 2014, and the acquisitions of Valley Community Bancshares on July 15, 
2013, Western Washington Bancorp in 2006 and North Pacific Bank in 1998. The Company’s goodwill is assigned to 
the Bank and is evaluated for impairment at the Bank level (reporting unit).

There were no additions to goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. 

At December 31, 2017, the Company’s step-one analysis concluded that the reporting unit’s fair value was 
greater than its carrying value and therefore no goodwill impairment charges were required, or recorded, for the year 
ended December 31, 2017. Similarly, no goodwill impairment charges were required, or recorded, for the years ended 
December 31, 2016 and 2015. Even though there was no goodwill impairment at December 31, 2017, adverse events 
may impact the recoverability of goodwill and could result in a future impairment charge which could have a material 
impact on the Company’s operating results.

(b) Other Intangible Assets

The other intangible assets represent the core deposit intangible ("CDI") acquired in business combinations. 
The  useful  life  of  the  CDI  related  to  the  Washington  Banking  Merger  and  the  acquisitions  of  Valley  Community 
Bancshares,  Northwest  Commercial  Bank,  and  Cowlitz  Bank  were  estimated  to  be  ten,  ten,  five  and  nine  years, 
respectively.

The following table presents the change in the other intangible assets for the periods indicated:

Balance at the beginning of the year

Less: Amortization

Balance at the end of the year

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

$

7,374 $

8,789 $

10,889

1,286

1,415

6,088 $

7,374 $

2,100

8,789

103

 
 
 
 
 
The estimated aggregate amortization expense related to these intangible assets for future years is as follows:

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Year Ending December 31,
(In thousands)

$

$

1,122

1,043

989

938

887

1,109

6,088

(9) 

Deposits

Deposits consisted of the following: 

Noninterest demand deposits

Interest bearing demand deposits

Money market accounts

Savings accounts

Total non-maturity deposits

Certificate of deposit accounts

Total deposits

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Amount

Percent

Amount

Percent

(Dollars in thousands)

$

944,791

27.8% $

1,051,752

499,618

498,501

2,994,662

398,398

31.1

14.7

14.7

88.3

11.7

882,091

963,821

523,875

502,460

2,872,247

357,401

27.3%

29.8

16.2

15.6

88.9

11.1

$

3,393,060

100.0% $

3,229,648

100.0%

Accrued  interest  payable  on  deposits  was  $124,000  and  $186,000  as  of  December 31,  2017  and  2016, 
respectively and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial 
Condition.

Interest expense, by category, was as follows:

Interest bearing demand deposits
Money market accounts
Savings accounts
Certificate of deposit accounts

2017

Year Ended December 31,
2016
(In thousands)

2015

$

$

1,812 $
682
1,311
2,244
6,049 $

1,569 $
749
756
1,936
5,010 $

1,476
922
445
2,386
5,229

Scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit for future years are as follows:

2018
2019
2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

104

Year Ending December 31,

(In thousands)

$

$

258,657

81,407

22,401

10,708

25,169

56

398,398

 
 
 
 
 
Certificates of deposit issued in denominations equal to or in excess of $250,000 totaled $113.7 million and 

$54.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(10) 

Junior Subordinated Debentures

As  part  of  the  Washington  Banking  Merger,  the  Company  assumed  trust  preferred  securities  and  junior 

subordinated debentures with a total fair value of $18.9 million at the May 1, 2014 merger date.

Washington Banking Master Trust, a Delaware statutory business trust, was a wholly-owned subsidiary of the 
Washington Banking Company created for the exclusive purposes of issuing and selling capital securities and utilizing 
sale proceeds to acquire junior subordinated debentures issued by the Washington Banking Company. During 2007, 
the Trust issued $25.0 million of trust preferred securities with a 30-year maturity, callable after the fifth year by the 
Washington Banking Company. The trust preferred securities have a quarterly adjustable rate based upon the three-
month London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus 1.56%. On the Washington Banking Merger date of May 1, 2014, 
the  Company  acquired  the  Trust,  which  retained  the  Washington  Banking  Master  Trust  name,  and  assumed  the 
performance and observance of the covenants under the indenture related to the trust preferred securities.

The adjustable rate of the trust preferred securities at December 31, 2017 was 3.25%. The weighted average 
rate of the junior subordinated debentures was 5.11% and 4.50% for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, 
respectively. The weighted average rate includes the accretion of the discount established at the merger date which 
is amortized over the life of the trust preferred securities. 

The  junior  subordinated  debentures  are  the  sole  assets  of  the  Trust,  and  payments  under  the  junior 
subordinated debentures are the sole revenues of the Trust. At December 31, 2017 and 2016, the balance of the junior 
subordinated  debentures,  net  of  unaccreted  discount,  was  $20.0  million  and  $19.7  million,  respectively. All  of  the 
common securities of the Trust are owned by the Company. Heritage has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the 
capital securities along with all obligations of the Trust under the trust agreements. For financial reporting purposes, 
the Company's investment in the Master Trust is accounted for under the equity method and is included in prepaid 
expenses and other assets on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The junior subordinated 
debentures issued and guaranteed by the Company and held by the Master Trust are reflected as liabilities on the 
Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(11) 

Repurchase Agreements

The Company utilizes repurchase agreements with one-day maturities as a supplement to funding sources. 
Repurchase  agreements  are  secured  by  pledged  investment  securities  available  for  sale.  Under  the  repurchase 
agreements, the Company is required to maintain an aggregate market value of securities pledged greater than the 
balance of the repurchase agreements. The Company is required to pledge additional securities to cover any declines 
below the balance of the repurchase agreements. For additional information on the total value of investment securities 
pledged for repurchase agreements see Note (2) Investment Securities.

The following table presents the Company's repurchase agreement obligations by class of collateral pledged:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored agencies
Mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage 

obligations (1):
Residential

Commercial

Total repurchase agreements

$
(1) Issued and guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies.

(12) 

Other Borrowings

(a) FHLB Advances

$

(In thousands)
— $

2,944

5,191
13,969
22,104

11,239
20,582
31,821 $

The Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Des Moines functions as a member-owned cooperative providing 
credit for member financial institutions. Advances are made pursuant to several different programs. Each credit program 
has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Limitations on the amount of advances are based on a percentage 
of the Bank's assets or on the FHLB’s assessment of the institution’s creditworthiness. At December 31, 2017, the 
105

 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank maintained a credit facility with the FHLB of Des Moines for $881.1 million and had short-term FHLB advances 
outstanding of $92.5 million with maturity dates within 30 days. At December 31, 2016 there were FHLB advances 
outstanding of $79.6 million.

The following table sets forth the details of FHLB advances during and as of the years ended December 31, 

2017 and 2016:

FHLB Advances:

Average balance during the year

Maximum month-end balance during the year

Weighted average rate during the year

Weighted average rate at end of year

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

$

$

105,646

137,450

$

$

1.16%

1.56%

13,349

79,600

0.55%

0.81%

Advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket pledge on FHLB stock owned by the Bank, deposits 
at  the  FHLB,  certain  one-to-four  single  family  residential  loans  or  other  assets,  investment  securities  which  are 
obligations  of  or  guaranteed  by  the  United  States  or  other  assets.  In  accordance  with  the  pledge  agreement,  the 
Company must maintain unencumbered collateral in an amount equal to varying percentages ranging from 100% to 
160% of outstanding advances depending on the type of collateral. 

(b) Federal Funds Purchased

The Bank maintains advance lines with Wells Fargo Bank, US Bank, The Independent Bankers Bank and 
Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bank to purchase federal funds of up to $90.0 million as of December 31, 2017. The lines 
generally mature annually or are reviewed annually. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no federal funds 
purchased.

(c) Credit Facilities

The Bank maintains a credit facility with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco for $82.5 million as of 
December 31, 2017, of which there were no borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2017 or 2016. Any advances 
on the credit facility would have to be first secured by the Bank's investment securities or loans receivable.

(13) 

Employee Benefit Plans

(a) 401(k) Plan

The Company provides its eligible employees with a 401(k) plan called "Heritage Financial Corporation 401(k) 

Profit Sharing Plan and Trust" (the “Plan”). The Company funds certain Plan costs as accrued. 

The  Plan  includes  the  Company’s  salary  savings  401(k)  plan  for  its  employees. All  employees  hired  may 
participate in the Plan the first of the month following thirty days of service. Participants may contribute a portion of 
their salary, which is matched by the Company at 50%, not to be greater than 3% of eligible compensation, up to 
certain Internal Revenue Service limits. A Roth feature was added to the plan in 2016. All participants are 100% vested 
in all accounts at all times. Employer matching contributions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015
were $1.1 million, $1.0 million and $954,000, respectively.

The profit sharing portion of the Plan is a defined contribution retirement plan. All profit sharing and discretionary 
contributions are completely discretionary. Participants are eligible for profit sharing contributions upon credit of 1,000 
hours of service during the plan year, the attainment of 18 years of age, and employment on the last day of the year. 
Employees are vested in profit sharing contributions in the same manner as employer matching contributions discussed 
above. For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company made no employer profit sharing 
contributions. 

(b) Employment Agreements

The  Company  has  entered  into  contracts  with  certain  senior  officers  that  provide  benefits  under  certain 

conditions following termination without cause, and/or following a change in control of the Company.

(c) Deferred Compensation Plan

During 2012, the Company adopted a Deferred Compensation Plan, which provides its directors and select 
executive officers with the opportunity to defer current compensation. Under the Plan, participants are permitted to 

106

 
elect to defer compensation and the Company has the discretion to make additional contributions to the Plan on behalf 
of  any  participant  based  on  a  number  of  factors.  Compensation  expense  under  the  Deferred  Compensation  Plan 
totaled $652,000, $540,000 and $570,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The 
Company’s contributions totaled $453,000, $521,000 and $296,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016
and 2015, respectively. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying value of the obligation related to the deferred 
compensation plans was $2.8 million and $2.2 million, respectively. 

(d) Split-Dollar Life Insurance Benefit Plan

In  conjunction  with  the  Washington  Banking  Merger,  the  Company  assumed  the  split-dollar  life  insurance 
benefit plan previously maintained by Washington Banking. Life insurance policies are maintained for current or former 
officers of the Bank or former Washington Banking officers that are subject to split-dollar life insurance agreements, 
which continue after the participant's employment and retirement. All participants are fully vested in their split-dollar 
life insurance benefits. The accrued benefit liability for the split-dollar life insurance agreements represents the present 
value of the future death benefits payable to the participants' beneficiaries. 

The split-dollar life insurance projected benefit obligation is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities 
on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the carrying 
value of the obligation was $250,000 and $1.1 million, respectively.

(14) 

Commitments and Contingencies

(a) Lease Commitments

The Bank leases certain premises and equipment under operating leases. Rental expense of leased premises 
and equipment was $3.8 million, $4.4 million and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 
respectively, which is included in occupancy and equipment expense on the Company's Consolidated Statements of 
Income.

The estimated future minimum annual rental commitments under noncancelable leases having an original or 

remaining term of more than one year are as follows: 

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Thereafter

Year Ending December 31,

(In thousands)

$

$

3,074

2,681

2,385

1,640

929

2,241

12,950

The leases contain various provisions for increases in rental rates, based either on changes in the published 
Consumer Price Index or a predetermined escalation schedule. Substantially all of the leases provide the Company 
with the option to extend the lease term one or more times following expiration of the initial term. 

(b) Commitments to Extend Credit

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may enter into various types of transactions that include 
commitments to extend credit that are not included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company applies 
the  same  credit  standards  to  these  commitments  as  it  uses  in  all  its  lending  activities  and  has  included  these 
commitments in its lending risk evaluations. The majority of the commitments presented below are variable rate. The 
Company’s exposure to credit and market risk under commitments to extend credit is represented by the amount of 
these commitments.

107

 
 
 
The following table presents outstanding commitments to extend credit, including letters of credit, at the dates 

indicated:

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

Non-owner occupied commercial real estate

Total commercial business

One-to-four family residential

Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Five or more family residential and commercial properties

Total real estate construction and land development

Consumer

$

363,272 $

6,815

13,543

383,630

—

38,160

86,787

124,947

204,625

Total outstanding commitments

$

713,202 $

368,308

3,443

8,732

380,483

—

23,004

78,121

101,125

144,405

626,013

(c) Variable Interests

The Company has two equity investments in Low-Income Housing Tax Credit partnerships ("LIHTCs") which 
are indirect federal subsidies that finance low-income housing projects. The Company reported the investments in the 
unconsolidated LIHTCs as prepaid expenses and other assets on the Company’s Statements of Financial Condition 
with carrying values of $54.0 million and $23.3 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As a limited 
liability investor in these partnerships, the Company receives tax benefits in the form of tax deductions from partnership 
operating losses and federal income tax credits. The federal income tax credits are earned over a 10-year period as 
a result of the investment properties meeting certain criteria and are subject to recapture for noncompliance with such 
criteria over a 15-year period. The Company accounts for the LIHTCs under the proportional amortization method and 
amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the tax credits and other tax benefits received and recognizes 
the net investment performance on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income as a component of income 
tax expense. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016, and 2015 the Company recognized tax benefits of 
$2.9 million, $640,000 and $273,000, respectively. See Note (20) Income Taxes for further information on tax benefits.

The maximum exposure to loss in the LIHTCs is the amount of equity invested and credit extended by the 
Company.  Loans  to  these  entities  are  underwritten  in  substantially  the  same  manner  as  are  other  loans  and  are 
generally secured. The Company has evaluated the variable interests held by the Company in each LIHTC investment 
and determined that the Company does not have controlling financial interests in such investments, and is not the 
primary beneficiary. 

Total unfunded contingent commitments related to the Company’s LIHTC investments totaled $39.8 million
and  $18.3  million at December 31,  2017  and  2016,  respectively,  and  is  reported  as  accrued  expenses  and  other 
liabilities on the Company's Statements of Financial Condition. The Company expects to fund LIHTC commitments of 
$8.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2018 and $26.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2019, 
with the remaining commitments of $5.2 million paid by December 31, 2034. There were no impairment losses on the 
Company’s LIHTC investments during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 or 2015.

The Company also made a total of $25.0 million of Qualified Equity Investments ("QEIs") into three Certified 
Development Entities (“CDEs”) in May 2014 and is eligible to receive New Markets Tax Credits (“NMTC”) on the QEIs. 
The NMTC program provides federal tax incentives to investors to make investments in distressed communities and 
promotes  economic  improvements  through  the  development  of  successful  businesses  in  these  communities. The 
NMTC is available to investors over a seven-year period and is subject to recapture if certain events occur during such 
period. Gross tax credits related to the Company's CDEs totaling $9.8 million are available through 2020. The Company 
is required to fund 85 percent of a tranche to claim the entire tax credit, and it had until May 15, 2015 to complete the 
funding. The tranche was funded in 2015 before the deadline. 

108

 
 
  
 
 
 
The Company accounts for its NMTC on the equity method and reported the investment balance as prepaid 
expenses and other assets on the Company’s Statements of Financial Condition with carrying value of $25.8 million and 
$26.8 million at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The Company recorded investment income 
of $735,000, $740,000 and $562,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively, in 
other income on the Company's Statements of Income.

(15) 

Derivative Financial Instruments

The  Company  has  entered  into  certain  interest  rate  swap  contracts  that  are  not  designated  as  hedging 
instruments. The purpose of these derivative contracts is primarily to provide commercial business loan customers 
the ability to convert their loans from variable to fixed interest rates. Upon the origination of a derivative contract with 
a customer, the Company simultaneously enters into an offsetting derivative contract with a third party in order to offset 
its exposure on the variable and fixed rate components of the customer agreement. The Company recognizes immediate 
income based upon the difference in the bid/ask spread of the underlying transactions with its customers and the third 
party, which is recorded in interest rate swap fees on the Consolidated Statements of Income. Because the Company 
acts only as an intermediary for its customer, subsequent changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts 
offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

The  notional  amounts  and  estimated  fair  values  of  interest  rate  derivative  contracts  outstanding  at 

December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are presented in the following table.

Non-hedging interest rate derivatives

Interest rate swaps with customer (1) 
Interest rate swap with third party (1) 

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

Notional
Amounts

Estimated
Fair Value

Notional
Amounts

Estimated
Fair Value

(In thousands)

$

146,537 $

(882) $

102,709 $

(1,099)

146,537

882

102,709

1,099

(1) The estimated fair value of the derivative included in prepaid and other assets on the Consolidated Statements of 

Financial Condition was $3.4 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The estimated 
fair value of the derivative included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of 
Financial Condition was $3.4 million and $2.8 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(16) 

Stockholders’ Equity

(a) Earnings Per Common Share

The following table illustrates the reconciliation of weighted average shares used for earnings per common 

share computations for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:

Net income:

Net income

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to

participating securities

Net income allocated to common shareholders

Basic:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(Dollars in thousands)

$

$

41,791 $

38,918 $

37,489

(293)
41,498 $

(358)
38,560 $

(328)
37,161

Weighted average common shares outstanding

Less: Restricted stock awards

Total basic weighted average common shares outstanding

29,937,400
(179,581)
29,757,819

29,963,365
(285,063)
29,678,302

30,057,558
(267,943)
29,789,615

Diluted:

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares(1)
Total diluted weighted average common shares outstanding

29,757,819
91,512

29,678,302
13,851

29,789,615
22,725

29,849,331

29,692,153

29,812,340

(1) Represents the effect of the assumed exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock awards and units.

109

 
Potential dilutive shares are excluded from the computation of earnings per share if their effect is anti-dilutive. 
For the year ended December 31, 2017, there were no anti-dilutive shares outstanding related to options to acquire 
common stock. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, anti-dilutive shares outstanding related to options 
to acquire common stock totaled 436 and 4,320, respectively. Anti-dilution occurs when the exercise price of a stock 
option or the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock award exceeds the market price of the 
Company’s stock.

(b) Dividends

The timing and amount of cash dividends paid on the Company's common stock depends on the Company’s 
earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other relevant factors. Dividends on common stock from the 
Company depend substantially upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is the Company’s predominant source 
of income. 

The following table summarizes the dividend activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.

Cash Dividend per Share
$0.10

Record Date
February 10, 2015

May 7, 2015

August 6, 2015

Paid Date
February 24, 2015

May 21, 2015

August 20, 2015

Declared
January 28, 2015

April 22, 2015

July 22, 2015

October 21, 2015

October 21, 2015

January 27, 2016

April 20, 2016

July 20, 2016

October 26, 2016

October 26, 2016

January 25, 2017

April 25, 2017

July 25, 2017

October 25, 2017

October 25, 2017

$0.11

$0.11

$0.11

$0.10

$0.11

$0.12

$0.12

$0.12

$0.25

$0.12

$0.13

$0.13

$0.13

$0.10

November 4, 2015

November 18, 2015

November 4, 2015

November 18, 2015

*

February 10, 2016

February 24, 2016

May 5, 2016

August 4, 2016

May 19, 2016

August 18, 2016

November 8, 2016

November 22, 2016

November 8, 2016

November 22, 2016

*

February 9, 2017

February 23, 2017

May 10, 2017

May 24, 2017

August 10, 2017

August 24, 2017

November 8, 2017

November 22, 2017

November 8, 2017

November 22, 2017

*

* Denotes a special dividend.

The FDIC and the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks have the authority 
under their supervisory powers to prohibit the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company. Additionally, current 
guidance from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ("Federal Reserve") provides, among other 
things, that dividends per share on the Company’s common stock generally should not exceed earnings per share, 
measured over the previous four fiscal quarters. Current regulations allow the Company and the Bank to pay dividends 
on their common stock if the Company’s or the Bank’s regulatory capital would not be reduced below the statutory 
capital requirements set by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC.

110

(c) Stock Repurchase Program

The  Company  has  had  various  stock  repurchase  programs  since  March  1999.  On  October  23,  2014,  the 
Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of the Company's outstanding common shares, 
or approximately 1,513,000 shares, under the eleventh stock repurchase plan. The number, timing and price of shares 
repurchased will depend on business and market conditions, and other factors, including opportunities to deploy the 
Company's capital. 

The following table provides total repurchased shares and average share prices under the plan for the periods 

indicated: 

Eleventh Plan

Repurchased shares

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

Plan Total (1)

—

138,000

441,966

579,966

Stock repurchase average share price

$

— $

17.16 $

16.64 $

16.76

(1) Represents shares repurchased and average price per share paid during the duration of the plan.

In addition to the stock repurchases disclosed in the table above, the Company repurchased shares to pay 
withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock. During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the 
Company  repurchased  29,429,  29,512  and  22,300  shares  at  an  average  price  of  $25.01,  $17.82  and  $17.09
respectively, to pay withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock that vested during the respective periods.

(d) Issuance of Common Stock

No common stock was issued during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 other than common 
stock related to the exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted stock awards as further described in Note (19) 
Stock-Based Compensation. 

(17) 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component, during the years 

ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of the year

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassification (1) 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI for gain on sale of investment 

securities included in net income (1) 
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)

ASU 2018-02 Implementation

Balance of AOCI at the end of the year

$

$

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)
(2,606) $
1,530

(4)
1,526
(218)
(1,298) $

2,559
(4,311)

(854)
(5,165)
—
(2,606)

(1) All amounts are due to the changes in fair value of available for sale securities and are net of tax.

111

Changes in
fair value of
available for sale 
securities (1)

December 31, 2015

Accretion of 
other-than-
temporary
impairment on 
held to maturity
securities (1)
(In thousands)

Total

Balance of AOCI at the beginning of the year

$

3,567 $

(189) $

3,378

Other comprehensive (loss) income before

reclassification

Amounts reclassified from AOCI for gain on sale of

investment securities available for sale included
in net income

Held to maturity transfer to available for sale

Net current period other comprehensive

(loss) income

Balance of AOCI at the end of the year
(1) All amounts are net of tax.

(18) 

Fair Value Measurements

(559)

(1,067)

618

108

81

—

$

(1,008)

2,559 $

189

— $

(451)

(986)

618

(819)

2,559

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in 
the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants 
on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, or interest in open-end mutual 
funds that allow the Company to sell its ownership interest back to the fund at net asset value on a daily basis. 
Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets, 
liabilities, or funds.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets, such as quoted 
prices  for  similar  assets  or  liabilities,  quoted  prices  in  markets  that  are  not  active,  or  valuations  using 
methodologies with observable inputs.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, such as option 
pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques using unobservable inputs, and not based 
on market exchange, dealer, or broker traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions 
and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

(a) Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to measure the fair value of certain 

assets on a recurring and nonrecurring basis:

Investment Securities Available for Sale:

The fair values of all investment securities are based upon the assumptions that market participants would 
use in pricing the security. If available, fair values of investment securities are determined by quoted market prices 
(Level 1). For investment securities where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on 
market prices on similar securities (Level 2). For investment securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar 
securities are not available, fair values are calculated by using observable and unobservable inputs such as discounted 
cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Security valuations are obtained from third party pricing services for 
comparable assets or liabilities.

Impaired Loans:

At the time a loan is considered impaired, its impairment is measured based on either the present value of 
expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price, or the fair 
market value of the collateral (less costs to sell) if the loan is collateral-dependent. Impaired loans for which impairment 
is measured using the discounted cash flow approach are not considered to be measured at fair value because the 
loan’s effective interest rate is generally not a fair value input, and for the purposes of fair value disclosures, the fair 
value of these loans are measured commensurate with non-impaired loans. If the Company utilizes the fair market 
value of the collateral method, the fair value used to measure impairment is commonly based on recent real estate 

112

appraisals.  These  appraisals  may  utilize  a  single  valuation  approach  or  a  combination  of  approaches  including 
comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent 
appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are 
usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate 
collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value based on the borrower’s financial statements, or aging 
reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the 
time of the valuation and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business (Level 3). Impaired 
loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis and impairment is adjusted accordingly.

Other Real Estate Owned:

Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when 
acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value 
less costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single 
valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments 
are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable 
sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in Level 3 classification 
of the inputs for determining fair value.

Appraisals for both collateral-dependent impaired loans and other real estate owned are performed by certified 
general  appraisers  for  commercial  properties  or  certified  residential  appraisers  for  residential  properties  whose 
qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Company. Once received, the Company reviews 
the  assumptions  and  approaches  utilized  in  the  appraisal  as  well  as  the  resulting  fair  value  in  comparison  with 
independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. On a quarterly basis, the Company 
compares the actual selling price of collateral that has been liquidated to the most recent appraised value to determine 
what additional adjustment should be made to the appraisal value to arrive at fair value.

Derivative Financial Instruments:

The Company obtains broker or dealer quotes to value its interest rate derivative contracts, which use valuation 

models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2).

The following tables summarize the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring 

basis as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

December 31, 2017

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(In thousands)

Assets

Investment securities available for sale:

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored

agencies

Municipal securities

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized

mortgage obligations:
Residential
Commercial

Collateralized loan obligations

Corporate obligations

Other securities

Total investment securities available for

sale

Derivative assets - interest rate swaps
Liabilities

$

13,442 $

— $

13,442 $

250,015

280,211

217,079
4,580

16,770

28,433

810,530
3,418

—

—

—

—

—

146

146
—

250,015

280,211

217,079

4,580

16,770

28,287

810,384
3,418

Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps

$

3,418 $

— $

3,418 $

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—
—

—

113

December 31, 2016

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(In thousands)

Assets

Investment securities available for sale:

U.S. Treasury and U.S. Government-sponsored

agencies

Municipal securities

Mortgage backed securities and collateralized

mortgage obligations:

Residential

Commercial

Collateralized loan obligations
Corporate obligations
Other securities

Total investment securities available for

sale

Derivative assets - interest rate swaps

Liabilities

$

1,569 $

— $

1,569 $

237,256

—

237,256

309,176

208,318
10,478
16,706
11,142

794,645
2,804

—

—
—
—
123

123

—

309,176

208,318
10,478
16,706
11,019

794,522

2,804

Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps

$

2,804 $

— $

2,804 $

—

—

—

—
—
—
—

—

—

—

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

The Company may be required to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring 
basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-
downs of individual assets.

The tables below represent assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at December 31, 2017 and 
December 31, 2016 and the net losses (gains) recorded in earnings during years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Fair Value at December 31, 2017

Impaired loans:

Real estate construction and land development:

Basis(1)

Total

Level 1

Level 2
(In thousands)

Level 3

Net Losses
(Gains)
Recorded in
Earnings 
During
the Year Ended 
December 31, 
2017

One-to-four family residential

$ 976 $ 307 $ — $ — $ 307 $

Total assets measured at fair value

on a nonrecurring basis

$ 976 $ 307 $ — $ — $ 307 $

(558)

(558)

(1) Basis represents the unpaid principal balance of impaired loans.

114

Fair Value at December 31, 2016

Basis(1)

Total

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(In thousands)

Net Losses
(Gains)
Recorded in
Earnings 
During
the Year Ended 
December 31, 
2016

5

(145)

(140)

(23)

(23)

6

Impaired loans:

Commercial business:

Commercial and industrial

$ 205 $ 200 $ — $ — $ 200 $

Owner-occupied commercial real estate

 Total commercial business

Real estate construction and land development:

One-to-four family residential

Total real estate construction and land

development

Consumer

Total assets measured at fair value

on a nonrecurring basis

780

985

828

828

16

603

803

822

822

9

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

603

803

822

822

9

$ 1,829 $ 1,634 $ — $ — $ 1,634 $

(157)

(1) Basis represents the unpaid principal balance of impaired loans.

The  following  table  presents  quantitative  information  about  Level  3  fair  value  measurements  for  financial 

instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

Impaired loans

Impaired loans

Fair
Value

Valuation
Technique(s)

$

307 Market approach

Fair
Value

Valuation
Technique(s)

$

1,634 Market approach

December 31, 2017

Unobservable Input(s)

(Dollars in thousands)

Adjustment for differences
between the comparable
sales

December 31, 2016

Unobservable Input(s)

(Dollars in thousands)

Adjustment for differences
between the comparable
sales

Range of Inputs; Weighted
Average

(91.5%) - (14.4%); (44.0.%)

Range of Inputs; Weighted
Average

(23.8%) - 63.9%; 20.4%

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Because broadly traded markets do not exist for most of the Company’s financial instruments, the fair value 
calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. These determinations are 
subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and do not include tax ramifications; 
therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision, substantiated by comparison to independent markets and 
may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the instruments. There may be inherent weaknesses 
in any calculation technique, and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates 
of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results. For all of these reasons, the aggregation of the fair value 
calculations presented herein do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the 
Company.

115

The  tables  below  present  the  carrying  value  amount  of  the  Company’s  financial  instruments  and  their 

corresponding estimated fair values at the dates indicated.

Carrying
Value

December 31, 2017

Fair Value Measurements Using:

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(In thousands)

Financial Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

103,015 $

103,015 $

103,015 $

— $

810,530
8,347

2,288
2,816,985
12,244
3,418

810,530

N/A
2,364

2,810,401
12,244
3,418

146

N/A
—
—
23
—

810,384

N/A
2,364
—
3,772
3,418

—

—

N/A
—
2,810,401
8,449
—

Investment securities available for

sale

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

Loans held for sale
Total loans receivable, net
Accrued interest receivable
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps
Financial Liabilities:

Noninterest deposits, interest
bearing demand deposits,
money market accounts and
savings accounts

Certificate of deposit accounts

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

Securities sold under agreement to

repurchase

Junior subordinated debentures

Accrued interest payable

Derivative liabilities - interest rate
swaps

— $

397,039

92,500

—

—

79

3,418

—

—

—

—

18,500

38

—

$ 2,994,662 $ 2,994,662 $ 2,994,662 $
397,039
92,500

398,398

92,500

—

—

31,821

20,009

162

31,821

18,500

162

3,418

3,418

31,821

—

45

—

116

December 31, 2016

Fair Value Measurements Using:

Carrying Value

Fair Value

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

(In thousands)

Financial Assets:

Cash and cash equivalents

$

103,745 $

103,745 $

103,745 $

— $

Investment securities available for

sale

Federal Home Loan Bank stock

Loans held for sale

Loans receivable, net of allowance

for loan losses

Accrued interest receivable

Derivative assets - interest rate

swaps

Financial Liabilities:

Noninterest deposits, interest
bearing demand deposits,
money market accounts and
savings accounts

Certificate of deposit accounts

Federal Home Loan Bank advances

Securities sold under agreement to

repurchase

Junior subordinated debentures

Accrued interest payable

Derivative liabilities - interest rate

swaps

794,645

794,645

7,564

11,662

N/A
11,988

2,609,666

10,925

2,675,811
10,925

2,804

2,804

123

N/A

—

—

3

—

794,522

N/A

11,988

3,472

2,804

—

2,675,811

$

2,872,247 $ 2,872,247 $ 2,872,247 $

— $

357,401

79,600

22,104

19,717

215

357,536
79,600

22,104

15,000

215

2,804

2,804

—

—

357,536

79,600

22,104

—

44

—

—

—

142

2,804

—

—

N/A

—

7,450

—

—

—

—

—

15,000

29

—

The methods and assumptions, not previously presented, used to estimate fair value are described as follows:

Cash and Cash Equivalents:

The fair value of financial instruments that are short-term or reprice frequently and that have little or no risk 
are considered to have a fair value equal to carrying value (Level 1).

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock:

FHLB stock is not publicly traded; thus, it is not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to 
restrictions placed on its transferability. 

Loans Held for Sale:

The fair value of loans held for sale is estimated based upon binding contracts or quotes from third party 
investors for similar loans. (Level 2).

Loans Receivable:

Except for certain impaired loans discussed previously, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using 
current market rates applied to the estimated life (Level 3). While these methodologies are permitted under 
U.S. GAAP, they are not based on the exit price concept of the fair value required under FASB ASC 820-10, 
Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, and generally produce a higher value.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable:

The fair value of accrued interest receivable/payable balances approximates the carrying value. The fair value 
measurements are commensurate with the asset or liability from which the accrued interest is generated (Level 
1, Level 2 and Level 3).

117

Deposits:

For deposits with no contractual maturity, the fair value is assumed to equal the carrying value (Level 1). The 
fair value of certificate of deposit accounts is based on discounted cash flows using the difference between 
the deposit rate and the rates offered by the Company for deposits of similar remaining maturities (Level 2).

Federal Home Loan Bank advances:

The fair value of FHLB advances is estimated based on discounting the future cash flows using the market 
rate currently offered (Level 2).

Securities Sold Under Agreement to Repurchase:

Securities sold under agreement to repurchase are short-term in nature and they reprice on a daily basis. Fair 
value financial instruments that are short-term or reprice frequently and that have little or no risk are considered 
to have a fair value equal to carrying value (Level 1).

Junior Subordinated Debentures:

The fair value is estimated using discounted cash flow analysis based on current rates for similar types of 
debt, which many be unobservable, and considering recent trading activity of similar instruments in markets 
which can be inactive (Level 3).

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments:

The majority of our commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit and commitments to sell mortgage 
loans carry current market interest rates if converted to loans. As such, no premium or discount was ascribed 
to these commitments (Level 1). They are excluded from the preceding tables.

(19) 

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock options generally vest ratably over three years and expire five years after they become exercisable or 
vest ratably over four years and expire ten years from date of grant. Restricted stock awards granted generally have 
a four-year cliff vesting or four-year ratable vesting schedule. Restricted stock units granted generally vest ratably over 
three years. Performance restricted stock units granted generally have a three-year cliff vesting schedule. Additionally, 
performance restricted stock unit grants may be subject to performance-based vesting as well as other approved 
vesting conditions. The Company issues new shares of common stock to satisfy share option exercises and restricted 
stock awards. 

On July 24, 2014, the Company's shareholders approved the Heritage Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus 
Equity Plan that provides for the issuance of 1,500,000 shares of the Company's common stock in the form of stock 
options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards (which includes restricted stock units, restricted stock, performance 
units,  performance  shares  or  bonus  shares)  and  cash  incentive  awards.  Under  the  Company's  stock-based 
compensation plan, 1,072,809 shares remain available for future issuance as of December 31, 2017.

(a) Stock Option Awards

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company did not recognize any compensation 
expense or related tax benefit related to stock options as all of the compensation expense related to the outstanding 
stock  options  had  been  previously  recognized. The  intrinsic  value  from  options  exercised  during  the  years  ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $161,000, $177,000 and $299,000, respectively. The cash proceeds from 
options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were $164,000, $540,000 and $751,000, 
respectively.

118

 
The following table summarizes the stock option activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 

2015:

Outstanding at December 31, 2014

Exercised

Forfeited or expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2015

Exercised

Forfeited or expired

Outstanding at December 31, 2016

Exercised

Forfeited or expired

Outstanding, vested and expected to vest and

exercisable at December 31, 2017

(b) Restricted Stock Awards

Shares

156,407 $

Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
13.59

Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (In years)

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value (In
thousands)

(61,529)

(15,470)
79,408

(37,713)

(4,200)
37,495

(12,662)

(1,602)

12.15

16.27
14.19

14.31

16.80
13.77

12.97

13.76

23,231 $

14.21

2.14 $

385

For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 the Company recognized compensation expense 
related to restricted stock awards of $1.4 million, $1.8 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and a related tax benefit 
of $488,000, $644,000 and $546,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the total unrecognized compensation 
expense related to non-vested restricted stock awards was $1.5 million and the related weighted average period over 
which the compensation expense is expected to be recognized is approximately 1.6 years. The vesting date fair value 
of the restricted stock awards that vested during the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $2.9 million, 
$2.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the restricted stock award activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 

2016 and 2015:

Nonvested at December 31, 2014

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Nonvested at December 31, 2015

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at December 31, 2016

Granted
Vested
Forfeited

Nonvested at December 31, 2017

(c) Restricted Stock Units

Shares

Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
15.20

238,669 $

121,320

(92,486)

(2,982)

264,521

121,039

(112,516)

(11,748)

261,296

—

(113,479)

(10,418)

137,399 $

16.72

15.12

15.73

15.92

17.60

15.62

16.62

16.80

—

16.55

16.80

17.00

During  2017,  performance-based  stock-settled  restricted  stock  unit  awards  ("PRSU")  and  stock-settled 
restricted stock unit awards ("RSU") were granted with a performance period of three years. The number of shares of 
actually delivered pursuant to the PRSUs depends on the performance of the Company's Total Shareholder Return 
and Return on Average Assets over the performance period in relation to the performance of the common stock of a 
predetermined  peer  group. The  conditions  of  the  grants  allow  for  an  actual  payout  ranging  between no payout 
and 150% of target. The payout level is calculated based on actual performance achieved during the performance 

119

 
 
period compared to a defined peer group. The fair value of such PRSUs was determined using a Monte Carlo simulation 
and will be recognized over the next three years. The Monte-Carlo simulation model uses the same input assumptions 
as the Black-Scholes model; however, it also further incorporates into the fair value determination the possibility that 
the market condition may not be satisfied. Compensation costs related to these awards are recognized regardless of 
whether the market condition is satisfied, provided that the requisite service has been provided.

Expected volatilities in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the performance 
period of approximately three years. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate for a 
term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. The Company used the following assumptions to estimate the 
fair value of PRSUs granted during February 2017:

Shares issued

Expected Term in Years

Weighted-Average Risk Free Interest Rate

Expected Dividend Yield

Weighted-Average Fair Value

Correlation coefficient

Range of peer company volatilities

Range of peer company correlation coefficients

Heritage volatility

Heritage correlation coefficient

2017

6,089

2.85

1.40%

—%

24.39

ABA NASDAQ Community Bank Index

17.8% - 63.1%

8.24% - 89.79%

21.8%

75.93%

For the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized compensation expense related to RSUs 
of $712,000, and a related tax benefit of $249,000. As of December 31, 2017, the total unrecognized compensation 
expense related to non-vested restricted stock units was $1.6 million and the related weighted average period over 
which the compensation expense is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.02 years.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:

Nonvested at December 31, 2016

Granted

Vested

Forfeited

Nonvested at December 31, 2017

(20) 

 Income Taxes

Units

Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
—

— $

92,356

—

(1,812)

90,544 $

25.31

—

25.35

25.31

Income tax expense is substantially due to Federal income taxes as the provision for the state of Oregon 
income taxes is insignificant. Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 consisted 
of the following:

Current tax expense

Deferred tax expense

Income tax expense

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

12,171 $

6,185

6,885 $

6,918

18,356 $

13,803 $

$

$

9,760

4,058

13,818

120

 
 
 
 
 
A reconciliation of the Company's effective income tax rate with the Federal statutory income tax rate of 35%

is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

Income tax expense at Federal statutory rate

$

21,051 $

18,452 $

Tax-exempt instruments

Non-deductible acquisition costs
Federal tax credits and other benefits (1)
Effects of BOLI

Revaluation of net deferred tax assets
Tax resolutions (2)
Other, net

Income tax expense

(3,212)

210

(1,510)

(531)

2,568

—

(220)

(3,198)

—

(931)

(511)

—

—

(9)

17,957

(2,482)

—

(880)

(474)

—

(300)

(3)

$

18,356 $

13,803 $

13,818

(1) Federal tax credits are provided for under the NMTC program and LIHTC programs as described in Note (14) 
Commitments and Contingencies. Tax benefits related to these credits were recognized for financial reporting 
purposes in the same period that the credits were recognized in the Company's income tax returns. Other benefits 
include the proportional amortization of the LIHTC of $2.2 million, $523,000 and $209,000, for the years ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

(2) Washington Banking Company had recorded tax-related liabilities prior to the merger effective date, which the 

Company assumed as part of the Washington Banking Merger. These tax-related liabilities were resolved during the 
year ended December 31, 2015, resulting in a decrease of the Company's income tax expense for the year ended 
December 31, 2015. 

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to 
as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the "Tax Act"). The Tax Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and 
modify  policies,  credits,  and  deductions  for  individuals  and  businesses.  For  businesses,  the  Tax Act  reduces  the 
corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective 
January 1, 2018. The Tax Act required a revaluation the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities to account for 
the future impact of lower corporate tax rates and other provisions of the legislation. As a result of the Company's 
revaluation, the net deferred tax asset was reduced through an increase to the provision for income tax.

121

 
 
 
 
The  following  table  presents  major  components  of  the  deferred  income  tax  asset  (liability)  resulting  from 

differences between financial reporting and tax basis:

December 31,
2017

December 31,
2016

(In thousands)

Deferred tax assets:

Allowance for loan losses

Accrued compensation

Stock compensation

Net unrealized losses charged to other comprehensive income on

securities

Market discount on purchased loans

Foregone interest on nonaccrual loans

Net operating loss carryforward acquired from NCB

Other deferred tax assets

Total deferred tax assets

Deferred tax liabilities:

Deferred loan fees, net

Premises and equipment

FHLB stock

Goodwill and other intangible assets

Federal tax credits
Junior subordinated debentures

Other deferred tax liabilities

Total deferred tax liabilities

$

3,330 $

1,779

660

347

3,908

471

270

763

11,528

(2,518)

(1,091)

(557)

(304)

(1,107)

(1,215)

(847)

(7,639)

Deferred tax asset, net

$

3,889 $

4,739

2,685

910

1,388

10,506

1,536

483

1,483

23,730

(3,736)

(1,660)

(926)

(740)

(1,314)

(2,122)

(1,223)

(11,721)

12,009

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not 
that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A valuation allowance is required to be recognized 
for the portion of the deferred tax asset that will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is 
dependent  upon  the  generation  of  future  taxable  income  during  the  periods  in  which  those  temporary  differences 
become deductible. As of December 31, 2017, based upon the level of historical taxable income and projections for 
future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are deductible, management expects to realize 
the benefits of these deductible differences. 

The Company had a net operating loss carryforward of $1.3 million and $1.4 million at December 31, 2017 
and  2016,  respectively,  that  will  expire  in  2033.  The  Company  is  limited  to  the  amount  of  the  net  operating  loss 
carryforward that it can deduct each year. A tax planning strategy has been developed that management believes will 
enable the Company to deduct all of the net operating loss carryforwards prior to the expiration date. Based on these 
estimates, management has not recorded a valuation allowance as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.

As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company had an insignificant amount of unrecognized tax benefits, 
none of which would materially affect its effective tax rate if recognized. The Company does not anticipate that the 
amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly increase or decrease in the next 12 months. The amount of 
interest and penalties accrued as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 and for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016
and 2015 were immaterial. 

The Company has qualified under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code to compute income taxes after 
deductions of additions to the bad debt reserves when it was registered as a Savings Bank. At December 31, 2017, 
the Company had a taxable temporary difference of approximately $2.8 million that arose before 1988 (base-year 
amount). In accordance with FASB ASC 740, a deferred tax liability of an estimated $980,000 has not been recognized 
for the temporary difference. Management does not expect this temporary difference to reverse in the foreseeable 
future.

122

 
 
The Company and its subsidiary file a United States consolidated federal income tax return and an Oregon 
State income tax return, and the tax years subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service are the years ended 
December 31, 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2014. 

(21) 

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Company is a bank holding company under the supervision of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. 
Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding 
Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. Heritage Bank is a federally insured 
institution and thereby is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. The Federal Reserve capital 
requirements generally parallel the FDIC requirements. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate 
certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct 
material  effect  on  the  Company’s  consolidated  financial  statements  and  operations.  Management  believes  as  of 
December 31, 2017, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the 
Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events 
since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank's categories.

123

 
Minimum
Requirements

Well-
Capitalized
Requirements

Actual

$

%

$

%

$

%

(Dollars in thousands)

As of December 31, 2017:

The Company consolidated

Common equity Tier 1 capital to

risk-weighted assets

Tier 1 leverage capital to

average assets

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted

assets

Total capital to risk-weighted

assets

Heritage Bank

Common equity Tier 1 capital to

risk-weighted assets
Tier 1 leverage capital to

average assets

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted

assets

Total capital to risk-weighted

assets

As of December 31, 2016:

The Company consolidated

Common equity Tier 1 capital to

risk-weighted assets

Tier 1 leverage capital to

average assets

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted

assets

Total capital to risk-weighted

assets

Heritage Bank

Common equity Tier 1 capital to

risk-weighted assets

Tier 1 leverage capital to

average assets

Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted

assets

Total capital to risk-weighted

assets

$ 154,522

4.5%

159,494

206,029

274,706

154,400

159,300

205,867

274,490

142,688

148,144

190,250

253,667

142,573

148,024

190,097

253,462

4.0

6.0

8.0

4.5

4.0

6.0

8.0

4.5

4.0

6.0

8.0

4.5

4.0

6.0

8.0

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A $ 386,689

11.3%

N/A

406,687

N/A

406,687

N/A

439,044

10.2

11.8

12.8

391,092

11.4

223,023

199,125

274,490

6.5

5.0

8.0

391,092

391,092

343,112

10.0

423,348

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

362,350

N/A

381,989

N/A

381,989

N/A

413,320

205,938

185,030

253,462

6.5

5.0

8.0

369,915

369,915

369,915

316,828

10.0

401,168

9.8

11.4

12.3

11.4

10.3

12.0

13.0

11.7

10.0

11.7

12.7

Effective January 1, 2015 (with some changes transitioned into full effectiveness over two to four years), the 
Company became subject to new capital adequacy requirements approved by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC that 
implement the revised standards of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, commonly called Basel III, and 
address relevant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act.

Under the new capital requirements both the Company and the Bank are required to have a common equity 
Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%. In addition, both the Company and the Bank are required to have a Tier 1 leverage ratio 
of 4.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 6.0% and a total risk-based ratio of 8.0%. Both the Company and the Bank are 
required to establish a “conservation buffer”, consisting of common equity Tier 1 capital of more than 2.5% above the 
minimum risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer is designed to ensure that banks build up capital 
buffers outside periods of stress which can be drawn down as losses are incurred. An institution that does not meet 
the  conservation  buffer  will  be  subject  to  restrictions  on  certain  activities  including  payment  of  dividends,  stock 

124

 
 
 
repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers. The conservation buffer is being phased in beginning in 
2016 and will take full effect on January 1, 2019. Certain calculations under the rules will also have phase-in periods. 
The capital conservation buffer requirement began to be phased-in on January 1, 2016 when more than 0.625% of 
risk-weighted assets was required, and increases by 0.625% on each subsequent January 1, until it is fully phased-
in on January 1, 2019. At December 31, 2017, the capital conservation buffer was 4.71% and 4.26% for the Company 
and the Bank, respectively. 

(22) 

Heritage Financial Corporation (Parent Company Only)

Following is the condensed financial statements of the Parent Company.

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
Condensed Statements of Financial Condition

ASSETS

Cash and interest earning deposits

Investment in subsidiary bank

Other assets

Total assets

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Junior subordinated debentures

Other liabilities

Total stockholders’ equity

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

December 31, 2017

December 31, 2016

(In thousands)

$

$

$

$

11,904 $

512,655

4,696

529,255 $

20,009 $

941

508,305

529,255 $

10,568

489,388

2,601

502,557

19,717

1,077

481,763

502,557

125

  
 
 
 
HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
Condensed Statements of Income

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

INTEREST INCOME:

Interest and dividends on interest earning deposits and

other assets

Total interest income

INTEREST EXPENSE:

Junior subordinated debentures

Total interest expense

Net interest expense

NONINTEREST INCOME:

Dividends from subsidiary bank

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiary bank

Total noninterest income

NONONTEREST EXPENSE:

Professional services

Other expense

Total noninterest expense

Income before income taxes

Income tax benefit

$

44 $

44

34 $

34

1,014

1,014

(970)

23,000

21,755

44,755

768

3,726

4,494

39,291

(2,500)

880

880

(846)

30,000

11,848

41,848

385

3,437

3,822

37,180

(1,738)

Net income

$

41,791 $

38,918 $

28

28

827

827

(799)

22,000

18,131

40,131

263

3,120

3,383

35,949

(1,540)

37,489

126

 
 
 
 
HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(PARENT COMPANY ONLY)
Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

Cash flows from operating activities:

Net income

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided

by operating activities:

Year Ended December 31,

2017

2016

2015

(In thousands)

$

41,791 $

38,918 $

37,489

Equity in undistributed income of subsidiary bank

(21,755)

(11,848)

(18,131)

Net excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options

and vesting of restricted stock

Stock-based compensation expense

Net change in other assets and liabilities

Net cash provided by operating activities

Cash flows from financing activities:

Common stock cash dividends paid

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

Net excess tax benefit from exercise of stock options and

vesting of restricted stock

Repurchase of common stock

Net cash used in financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash

equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

—

2,103

(1,925)

20,214

(18,305)

164

—

(737)

(18,878)

1,336

10,568

(123)

1,840

(1,141)

27,646

(140)

1,555

(125)

20,648

(21,569)

(15,916)

540

123

(2,894)

(23,800)

3,846

6,722

751

140

(7,736)

(22,761)

(2,113)

8,835

6,722

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

$

11,904 $

10,568 $

127

 
 
 
 
(23) 

Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)

Results of operations on a quarterly basis were as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2017

First
  Quarter  

Second
  Quarter  

Third
  Quarter  

Fourth
  Quarter  

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan

losses

Noninterest income

Noninterest expense

Income before provision for income taxes

Income tax expense

Net income

Basic earnings per common share

Diluted earnings per common share

Cash dividends declared on common stock

Interest income

Interest expense

Net interest income

Provision for loan losses

Net interest income after provision for loan

losses

Noninterest income

Noninterest expense

Income before provision for income taxes

Income tax expense

Net income

Basic earnings per common share
Diluted earnings per common share
Cash dividends declared on common stock

(24) 

Subsequent Events

(a) Puget Sound Merger

$

$

$

$

$

$

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
34,863 $

37,324 $

36,087 $

1,717

33,146

867

32,279

7,349

27,223

12,405
3,089
9,316 $
0.31 $

0.31

0.12

1,907

34,180

1,131

33,049

10,663

27,809

15,903

4,075

2,333

34,991

884

34,107

8,394

27,955

14,546

3,922

11,828 $

10,624 $

0.40 $

0.35 $

0.40

0.13

0.35

0.13

39,606

2,389

37,217

1,338

35,879

9,002

27,588

17,293

7,270

10,023

0.33

0.33

0.23

Year Ended December 31, 2016

First
  Quarter  

Second
  Quarter  

Third
  Quarter  

Fourth
  Quarter  

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
34,235 $

34,592 $

35,114 $

1,475

32,760

1,139

31,621

6,990

26,369

12,242

3,151
9,091 $
0.30 $

0.30

0.11

1,507

33,085

1,120

31,965

6,576

26,477

12,064

3,169

1,508

33,606

1,495

32,111

9,867

26,818

15,160

4,121

8,895 $

11,039 $

0.30 $

0.37 $

0.30

0.12

0.37

0.12

34,571

1,516

33,055

1,177

31,878

8,186

26,809

13,255

3,362

9,893

0.33

0.33

0.37

On January 16, 2018, the Company completed the Puget Sound Merger. Pursuant to the terms of the merger 
agreement, Puget Sound shareholders received 1.1688 shares of Heritage common stock per share of Puget Sound 
stock at the per share, closing date price on January 12, 2018 of $31.80. Heritage issued an aggregate of 4,112,347 
shares of its common stock in the transaction for total consideration paid of $130.8 million.  As of the acquisition date, 
Puget Sound merged into Heritage and Puget Sound Bank merged into Heritage Bank.

128

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The acquisition of the net assets constitutes a business acquisition as defined by FASB ASC 805, Business 
Combinations. The Business Combinations topic establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer of a 
business  recognizes  and  measures  in  its  financial  statements  the  identifiable  assets  acquired  and  the  liabilities 
assumed. Accordingly, the estimated fair values of the acquired assets, including the identifiable intangible assets, 
and the assumed liabilities in the acquisition will be measured and recorded as of the acquisition date.

The operating results of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017 do not include the operating 
results produced by the acquired assets and assumed liabilities from Puget Sound as the Puget Sound Merger did 
not close until January 16, 2018. It is not practical to present financial information related to the assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed from Puget Sound at this time because the initial fair value information is not available.

(b) DOR Preliminary Findings

In June 2016, the Company received preliminary findings from the Washington State Department of Revenue 
("DOR") regarding its business and occupation ("B&O") tax audit on the B&O tax returns of Whidbey Island Bank for 
the years 2010-2014. A substantial portion of the preliminary findings related to the receipt of FDIC shared-loss payments 
from the FDIC to Washington Banking Company in connection with its acquisitions of City Bank in April 2010 and North 
County Bank in September 2010. The total amount of the preliminary finding, along with calculated back interest, was 
approximately $1.6 million.  In January 2018, the Company received notification from the DOR that the B&O tax audit 
was considered resolved with no payment due.  This matter is now considered closed.

ITEM 9.  
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND 

None 

ITEM 9A.  

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information the Company must disclose 
in  its  reports  filed  or  submitted  under  the  Securities  Exchange Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  “Exchange Act”),  is 
recorded,  processed,  summarized,  and  reported  on  a  timely  basis. Our  management  has  evaluated,  with  the 
participation and under the supervision of our chief executive officer (“CEO”) and chief financial officer (“CFO”), the 
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange 
Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded 
that, as of such date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information 
relating to the Company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in reports that it files under 
the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s 
rules  and  forms,  and  (2) accumulated  and  communicated  to  our  management,  including  our  CEO  and  CFO,  as 
appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

(a) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.

The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over 
financial  reporting. The  Company’s  internal  control  system  is  designed  to  provide  reasonable  assurance  to  our 
management  and  the  board  of  directors  regarding  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  published  financial 
statements. Nonetheless, all internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Even 
systems determined to be effective as of a particular date can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to 
financial statement preparation and presentation and may not eliminate the need for restatements.

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial 
reporting  as  of  December 31,  2017.  In  making  this  assessment,  management  used  the  criteria  set  forth  by  the 
Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  in  the  2013  Internal  Control—Integrated 
Framework. Based on our assessment, we believe that, as of December 31, 2017, the Company’s internal control 
over financial reporting is effective based on these criteria.

Crowe Horwath LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the effectiveness of our 
internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, and their report is included in “Item 8. Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data.”

(b) Attestation report of the registered public accounting firm.

129

 
 
 
See “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

(c) Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth 
quarter of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to 
materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B. 

OTHER INFORMATION

None

PART III

ITEM 10.  

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Information concerning directors of the registrant is incorporated by reference to the section entitled “Proposal 
1 - Election of Directors” of our definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 
2, 2018 (“Proxy Statement”).

For information regarding the executive officers of the Company, see “Item 1. Business—Executive Officers.”

The required information with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act is incorporated 
by reference to the sections entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and "Section 
16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" of the Proxy Statement.

The Company has adopted a written Code of Ethics that applies to our directors, officers and employees. The 

Code of Ethics can be accessed electronically by visiting the Company’s website at www.hf-wa.com.

The Audit and Finance Committee of our Board of Directors retains our independent auditors, reviews and 
approves the scope and results of the audits with the auditors and management, monitors the adequacy of our system 
of  internal  controls  and  reviews  the  annual  report,  auditors’  fees  and  non-audit  services  to  be  provided  by  the 
independent auditors. The members of our Audit Committee are Deborah J. Gavin, chair of the committee, Brian S. 
Charneski, John A. Clees and Gragg E. Miller, all of whom are considered “independent” as defined by the SEC. Our 
Board of Directors has determined that Mrs. Gavin meets the definition of an audit committee financial expert, as 
determined by the requirements of the SEC.

ITEM 11.  

EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Information concerning executive and director compensation and certain matters regarding participation in 
the Company’s Compensation Committee required by this item is incorporated by reference to the headings “Executive 
Compensation,”  “Director  Compensation,”  “Report  of  the  Compensation  Committee,”  and  "CEO  Pay  Ratio"  of  the 
Proxy Statement.

ITEM 12.  
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND 

The following table summarizes the consolidated activity within the Company’s stock-based compensation 

plans as of December 31, 2017, all of which were approved by shareholders.

Number of
securities
to be issued
upon vesting
of restricted
stock awards

Number of
securities
to be issued
upon vesting
of restricted
stock units

Number of
securities
to be issued
upon 
exercise of 
outstanding
options

Weighted-
average
exercise
price of
outstanding
options

Number of
securities
remaining
available for
future 
issuance
under equity
compensation
plans

137,399

90,544

23,231 $

14.21

1,072,809

Plan Category
Equity compensation plans, all of
which are approved by security
holders

130

 
Information concerning security ownership of certain beneficial owners and management is incorporated by 
reference to the section entitled “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” of the Proxy 
Statement.

ITEM 13.  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIP AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Information  concerning  certain  relationships  and  related  transactions  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  the 
sections  entitled  “Meetings  and  Committees  of  the  Board  of  Directors"  and  "Corporate  Governance”  of  the  Proxy 
Statement.

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. In accordance with NASDAQ requirements, 
at least a majority of our directors must be independent directors. The Board of Directors has determined that 9 of our 
10 directors are independent. Only Brian L. Vance, who serves as President and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage 
Financial Corporation and Chief Executive Officer of Heritage Bank, is not independent.

ITEM 14.  

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

Information  concerning  principal  accounting  fees  and  services  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  the  section 
entitled “Proposal 3 - Ratification of the Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” in the Proxy 
Statement.

ITEM 15.  

EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES 

(a) The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

PART IV

(1) Financial Statements: The Consolidated Financial Statements are included in Part II. Item 8. Financial 
Statements and Supplemental Schedules

(2) Financial Statements Schedules: All schedules are omitted because they are not required or applicable, 
or the required information is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes.

(3) Exhibits: Included in schedule below.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit
No.

Description of Exhibit

Form Exhibit

2.1 Purchase and Assumption Agreement for Cowlitz Acquisition

2.2 Purchase and Assumption Agreement for Pierce Acquisition

2.3 Definitive Agreement for Valley Acquisition

2.4 Agreement and Plan of Merger with Washington Banking Company

2.5 Agreement and Plan of Merger with Puget Sound Bancorp, Inc

3.1 Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation

3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

2002 Director Nonqualified Stock Option Plan

2002 Incentive Stock Option Plan

2006 Restricted Stock Option Plan

2006 Director Nonqualified Stock Option Plan

131

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

8-K

S-8

S-8

S-8

S-8

Filing
Date/
Period
End Date

8/5/10

11/12/10

3/12/13

10/25/13

7/27/17

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

3.1(B)

5/18/10

3.2

99.1

99.1

99.1

99.1

10/3/16

5/24/02

5/24/02

5/25/06

5/25/06

10.5

2006 Incentive Stock Option Plan

10.6 Annual Incentive Compensation Plan

10.7

2010 Omnibus Equity Plan

10.8 Amended 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

10.9

2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

S-8

99.1

5/25/06

10-K

10.5

3/9/17

S-8

8-K

DEF
14A

-

5/27/10

99.2

2/1/17

-

6/11/14

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

10.15

10.16

10.17

10.18

Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 
Heritage Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.6

2/1/17

Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Award Agreement under the 
Heritage Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

10-Q

10.8

8/8/14

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.7

2/1/17

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

10-Q

10.9

8/8/14

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.4

2/1/17

Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

10-Q

10.10

8/8/14

Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement 
under the Heritage Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.3

2/1/17

Form of Cash Incentive Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.8

2/1/17

Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement under the Heritage 
Financial Corporation 2014 Omnibus Equity Plan

8-K

99.5

2/1/17

10.19 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement - 

Addendum by and between Heritage and Brian L. Vance

10.20 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement - 

Addendum by and between Heritage and Jeffrey J. Deuel

8-K

10.1

12/22/16

8-K

10.2

12/22/16

10.21 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement - 

Addendum by and between Heritage and Donald J. Hinson

8-K

10.3

12/22/16

10.22 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and Brian L. Vance

8-K

10.5

9/7/12

10.23 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and Jeffrey J. Deuel

8-K

10.6

9/7/12

10.24 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and Donald J. Hinson

8-K

10.7

9/7/12

10.25 Employment Agreements by and between Heritage and Brian L. 

Vance

10.26 Employment Agreements by and between Heritage and Jeffrey J. 

Deuel

10.27 Employment Agreements by and between Heritage and Donald J. 

Hinson

8-K

10.1

9/7/12

8-K

10.2

9/7/12

8-K

10.3

9/7/12

10.28 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement - 
Addendum by and between Heritage and David A. Spurling

8-K

10.5

12/22/16

10.29 Employment Agreement by and between Heritage and David A. 

Spurling

8-K

10.1

1/6/14

132

10.30 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and David A. Spurling

8-K

10.2

1/6/14

10.31 Employment Agreement by and between Heritage and Bryan 

McDonald

S-4

1/24/14

10.32 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement - 
Addendum by and between Heritage and Bryan D. McDonald

8-K

10.4

12/22/16

10.33 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and Bryan D. McDonald

10-K

10.16

3/11/15

10.34

Form of Split Dollar Agreements, dated August 3, 2015, by and 
between Heritage and Brian L. Vance, Jeffrey J. Deuel, Donald J. 
Hinson, Bryan D. McDonald and David A. Spurling

10-Q

10.17

8/6/15

10.35 Deferred Compensation Plan and Participation Agreement by and 

between Heritage and David A. Spurling

8-K

10.1

12/22/15

11 Statement regarding computation of earnings per share (2)

14.0 Code of Ethics and Conduct Policy (3)

21.0 Subsidiaries of the Company (1)

23.0 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (1)

24.0 Power of Attorney (1)

31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of 

the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)

31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of 

the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)

32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial 

Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)

101.INS XBRL Instance Document (1)

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)

(1) Filed herewith.
(2) Reference is made to Note (16) Stockholders' Equity in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under Part II. 

Item 8. herein.

(3) Registrant elects to satisfy Regulation S-K §229.406(c) by posting its Code of Ethics on its website at www.HF-

WA.com in the section titled Overview: Governance Documents.

ITEM 16.  

FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

133

 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has 
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 28, 2018.

SIGNATURES

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Registrant)

/S/    BRIAN L. VANCE        

Brian L. Vance
President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by 

the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 28, 2018.

Principal Executive Officer:

/S/    BRIAN L. VANCE        

Brian L. Vance
President and Chief Executive Officer

Principal Financial Officer:

/S/    DONALD J. HINSON        

Donald J. Hinson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

             Brian L. Vance, pursuant to a power of attorney that is being filed with the Annual Report on Form 10-K, has 
signed this report as attorney in fact for the following directors who constitute a majority of the Board.

Brian S. Charneski
John A. Clees
Kimberly T. Ellwanger
Deborah J. Gavin
Jeffrey S. Lyon
Gragg E. Miller
Anthony B. Pickering
Ann Watson
Stephen A. Dennis

By

/S/    BRIAN L. VANCE
Brian L. Vance
Attorney-in-Fact
February 28, 2018

134