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Howmet Aerospace

hwm · NYSE Industrials
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Sector Industrials
Industry Aerospace & Defense
Employees 10,000+
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FY2022 Annual Report · Howmet Aerospace
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2022 ANNUAL REPORT

Howmet Aerospace: Who We Are

OUR VISION
                                  We are a company of innovators and makers. 
We are transforming the future with high-performance engineered solutions 
that are paired with advanced manufacturing expertise.

OUR MISSION
                                           (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:907)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)
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(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:17)

WHAT WE DO
                                           (cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:16)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)
(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:17)

Engine
Products
(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)
(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)
(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:16)(cid:72)(cid:605)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)
(cid:68)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)
(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17)

Fastening
Systems
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(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)
(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:77)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)
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Engineered
Structures
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(cid:80)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:16)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)
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Forged
Wheels
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(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:3)
(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:3)
(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)
(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:16)(cid:72)(cid:605)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:17)(cid:3)

HOW WE OPERATE  (cid:36)(cid:86)(cid:3)One Team(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)One Direction(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)One Plan(cid:17)

Value (cid:50)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:72)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)

Drive (cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)

Win (cid:58)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)

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(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:17)

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(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)
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(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:17)
(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:17)
(cid:36)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:17)

Copyright 2023 © Howmet Aerospace. All rights reserved.

HOWMET AEROSPACE  |  2022 ANNUAL REPORT  |  01

2022 OVERVIEW

2022 TOTAL REVENUE

$5.7 Billion

REVENUE BY MARKET

46%

COMMERCIAL
AEROSPACE

16%

DEFENSE
AEROSPACE

23%

COMMERCIAL
TRANSPORTATION

15%

INDUSTRIAL
AND OTHER

GLOBAL PROFILE

21,400 EMPLOYEES

58 LOCATIONS*

20 COUNTRIES

* Not including locations that serve as sales and administrative o(cid:605)ces, distribution centers or warehouses.

Howmet Aerospace is a leading global provider of advanced engineered 
solutions for the aerospace and transportation industries. 

Headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Company’s primary businesses 
focus on jet engine components, aerospace fastening systems and airframe 
structural components necessary for mission-critical performance and 
efficiency in aerospace and defense applications, as well as forged aluminum 
wheels for commercial transportation. 

With nearly 1,150 granted and pending patents, the Company’s differentiated 
technologies enable lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft and commercial trucks 
to operate with a lower carbon footprint. 

For more information: www.howmet.com

FOLLOW @HOWMETAEROSPACE

LINKED IN  |  TWITTER  |  FACEBOOK  |  INSTAGRAM  |  YOUTUBE

02

2023 Howmet Aerospace 
Shareholder Letter 

March 30, 2023   

Dear Shareholder, 

2022 was another strong year for Howmet Aerospace. 
We  delivered  revenue  growth  of  14%  and  Adjusted 
Earnings Per Share* growth of 39%, while navigating an 
extremely  choppy  backcloth  of  lower-than-expected 
build rates for both airframes and engines. Additionally, 
(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:564)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:565)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)
serving  our  Aerospace,  Commercial  Transportation, 
(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:918)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3) (cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3) (cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:565)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)
through agreements in long term contracts.

Our  company  success  continues,  resulting  from 
disciplined commercial and operational performance, 
(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:909)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)
which  allow  our  customers  to  manufacture  lighter, 
(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:16)(cid:72)(cid:605)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)
lower carbon footprints. These technologies enable us 
to produce the most advanced products designed by 
our  customers  today,  and  strategically  positions 
Howmet  Aerospace  for  the  next  generation  of 
Aerospace  and  Commercial  Transportation  products. 
We  believe  Howmet  Aerospace  product  and 
manufacturing technology is a competitive advantage.

In  2022  we  generated  a  record  $540  million  of 
(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:77)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:13)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:92)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)
healthy  $792  million  of  cash  after  repurchasing  $400 

million in common stock, reducing debt by $69 million 
and paying dividends of $44 million.  Dividends were 
doubled in the fourth quarter of 2022. Total debt less 
cash  at  year-end  was  a  record 
low  since  the 
(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:91)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:3)
$1  billion  revolver  is  undrawn.  Howmet  Aerospace’s 
balance sheet and liquidity has never been stronger. 

During 2022 we added 1,500 employees to meet the 
growing  demand  of  our  customers. 
  Our  key 
employee  safety  rates  improved  further  over  our 
(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:21)(cid:20)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:564)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)
better  than  the  most  recent  U.S.  industry  averages. 
Compared  to  2021,  our  days  away,  restricted  and 
transfer  (DART)  rate  improved  32%,  and  our  total 
recordable  incident  rate  (TRIR)  improved  7%.  We 
(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:564)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)
gas (GHG) emission goal by implementing more than 
40  projects  that  avoided  a  combined  18,800  metric 
tons  of  GHG  emissions  annually,  achieving  a  20% 
reduction in total GHG emissions as measured from 
our  2019  baseline,  approaching  our  goal  of  a  21.5% 
reduction by 2024.

Looking ahead to 2023 and beyond, air travel trends 
continue  to  look  favorable  with  airlines  expecting 

HOWMET AEROSPACE  |  2022 ANNUAL REPORT  |  03

Importantly, we have invested in our plants and workforce 
to ensure we remain in a strong position to respond to the 
continued demand we’re seeing in the markets we serve.

steady growth domestically and internationally. With 
strong  Howmet  Aerospace  content  on  just  about 
(cid:72)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:92)(cid:3) (cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:87)(cid:15)(cid:3) (cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)
ourselves well positioned to grow together with our 
commercial  aerospace  customers.  In  the  defense 
market, funding for the F-35 is steady, with build rates 
expected to remain at high levels as global demand 
for the F-35 Fighter is expected to be strong through 
the  remainder  of  the  decade.    We  are  also  seeing 
increasing  demand  for  Industrial  Fasteners  with 
applications in transportation and alternative energy 
markets,  while  our  Industrial  Gas  Turbines  order 
book and backlog remain strong.

(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:565)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)

commercial  aerospace  and 

In  summary,  2022  was  another  strong  year  for 
Howmet  Aerospace  despite  the  uneven  pace  of 
recovery 
the 
in 
(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)
(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:17)(cid:3) (cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:3)
delivered  both  top-  and  bottom-line  growth  and 
strengthened our balance sheet. We generated $540 
million  of  Adjusted  Free  Cash  Flow*  after  allocating 
over  $500  million  in  capital  to  share  repurchases, 
debt 
payments. 
and 
Importantly,  we  have  invested  in  our  plants  and 
workforce to ensure we remain in a strong position 
to respond to the continued demand we’re seeing in 
the markets we serve.

repurchases 

dividend 

JOHN C. PLANT
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Howmet Aerospace Inc.

* See "Calculation of Financial Measures" at the end of this report for reconciliations of non-G(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)res to the most directly 
(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:77)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:70)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:17)

04

2022 Financial Highlights

FINANCIAL AND OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS

(in millions, except per share amounts)

Sales 

Net income

Net income excluding special items*

Adjusted EBITDA excluding special items*

Cash provided from operations

(cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)

Cash (used for) provided from investing activities

(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:77)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:565)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:13)

Total assets 

Common stock outstanding (on December 31)

Per common share data

Diluted earnings per share (continuing operations)

Diluted earnings per share excluding special items*

Dividends paid per share

2022

5,663
469
593
1,276
733
(526)
(135)
540
10,255
412

(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:20)
(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:23)(cid:19)
(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:19)

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

2021

 4,972
258
442
1,135
449
(1,444)
107
517
10,200
422

(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:24)(cid:28)
(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:20)
(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:23)

$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$

$
$
$

2022 REVENUE BY SEGMENT

2022 REVENUE BY MATERIAL TYPE

2022 SALES BY REGION

FORGED
WHEELS

(cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:8)

ENGINEERED
STRUCTURES

(cid:20)(cid:23)(cid:8)

FASTENING
SYSTEMS

(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:8)

OTHER

ALUMINUM

(cid:27)(cid:8)

OTHER

ASIA/
PACIFIC

(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:8)

(cid:20)(cid:8)

(cid:24)(cid:28)(cid:8)

AMERICAS

(cid:23)(cid:27)(cid:8)

(cid:21)(cid:25)(cid:8)

ENGINE
PRODUCTS

(cid:23)(cid:26)(cid:8)

SUPERALLOYS

TITANIUM

(cid:20)(cid:28)(cid:8)

(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:8)

EUROPE

QUARTERLY FINANCIAL AND OPERATING HIGHLIGHTS (JANUARY 1, 2022 TO DECEMBER 31, 2022)

(dollars in millions)

Sales

Income before income taxes

Net income

Adjusted EBITDA margin excluding special items*

Cash provided from operations

(cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)

Cash used for investing activities

(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:77)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:565)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:13)

QUARTER ENDED 

3/31/2022

6/30/2022

9/30/2022

12/31/2022

$
$
$

$
$
$
$

 1,324
171
131
(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:8)
55
(194) 
(61)
 (7)

$
$
$

$
$
$
$

 1,393
183
147
(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:27)(cid:8)
158
(137)
(4)
114

$
$
$

$
$
$
$

 1,433
104
80
(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:24)(cid:8)
65
(106)
(41)
23

$
$
$

$
$
$
$

 1,513
148
111
(cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:8)
455
(89)
(29)
410

* See "Calculation of Financial Measures" at the end of this report for reconciliations of non-G(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)res 
   to the most dir(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:564)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17)

 
 
 
 
 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K 

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 
For The Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2022 
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 1-3610 
HOWMET AEROSPACE INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State of incorporation)

25-0317820
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

201 Isabella Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212-5872 
(Address of principal executive offices)            (Zip code)
Investor Relations----------------(412) 553-1950
Office of the Secretary-----------(412) 553-1940 
(Registrant’s telephone numbers, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class 
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share
$3.75 Cumulative Preferred Stock, 
par value $100.00 per share

Trading Symbol
HWM
HWM PR

Name of each exchange on which registered 
New York Stock Exchange
NYSE American

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ✓  No     .
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  

Accelerated filer ☐ 

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Emerging growth company ☐ 

Yes        No ✓.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  ✓  No     .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to 
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to submit such files).  Yes ✓  No     .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting 
company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth 
company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☑ 
Smaller reporting company ☐   
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for 
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of 
its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public 
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.  ✓
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐  No ✓.
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant 
included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.  ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based 
compensation received by any of the registrant's executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b).  Yes ☐  
No ☐
The  aggregate  market  value  of  the  outstanding  common  stock,  other  than  shares  held  by  persons  who  may  be  deemed  affiliates  of  the 
registrant, as of the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $13 billion. As of 
February 10, 2023, there were 412,282,856 shares of common stock, par value $1.00 per share, of the registrant outstanding.
Documents incorporated by reference.
Part III of this Form 10-K incorporates by reference certain information from the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2023 
Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A (Proxy Statement).

  
 
 
Explanatory Note

On April 1, 2020, Arconic Inc. completed the separation of its business into two independent, publicly-traded companies: 
Howmet Aerospace Inc. (the new name for Arconic Inc.) and Arconic Corporation. The financial results of Arconic 
Corporation for all periods prior to April 1, 2020 have been retrospectively reflected in the Statement of Consolidated 
Operations as discontinued operations and, as such, have been excluded from continuing operations and segment results for all 
periods prior to April 1, 2020. The cash flows, comprehensive income, and equity related to Arconic Corporation have not been 
segregated and are included in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows, Statement of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, 
and Statement of Changes in Consolidated Equity, respectively, for all periods prior to April 1, 2020.

TABLE OF 
CONTENTS 

Page

Part I

Item 1.

Business

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Item 1B.

Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2.

Item 3.

Item 4.

Part II

Item 5.

Item 6.

Item 7.

Properties

Legal Proceedings

Mine Safety Disclosures

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities
Selected Financial Data Financial Data

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8.

Item 9.

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A.

Controls and Procedures

Item 9B.

Other Information

Item 9C.

Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection

Part III

Item 10.

Item 11.

Item 12.

Item 13.

Item 14.

Part IV

Item 15.

Item 16.

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Executive Compensation

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Form 10-K Summary

Signatures

1

9

15

16

16

16

16

18

19

34

35

82

82

82

82

82

82

83

83

83

84

90

91

Note on Incorporation by Reference

In this Form 10-K, selected items of information and data are incorporated by reference to portions of Howmet Aerospace 
Inc.’s definitive proxy statement for its 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”), which we expect to file 
with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after Howmet Aerospace Inc.’s fiscal year ended December 31, 
2022. Unless otherwise provided herein, any reference in this report to disclosures in the Proxy Statement shall constitute 
incorporation by reference of only that specific disclosure into this Form 10-K.

 
 
Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains (and oral communications made by Howmet Aerospace Inc. (“Howmet”) may contain) statements that 
relate to future events and expectations and, as such, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private 
Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include those containing such words as “anticipates,” 
“believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “goal,” “guidance,” “intends,” “may,” “outlook,” “plans,” “projects,” 
“seeks,” “sees,” “should,” “targets,” “will,” “would,” or other words of similar meaning. All statements that reflect Howmet’s 
expectations, assumptions or projections about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking 
statements, including, without limitation, statements, forecasts and outlook relating to the condition of end markets; future 
financial results, operating performance, or estimated or expected future capital expenditures; future strategic actions; Howmet's 
strategies, outlook, and business and financial prospects; and any future dividends and repurchases of its debt or equity 
securities. These statements reflect beliefs and assumptions that are based on Howmet’s perception of historical trends, current 
conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors Howmet believes are appropriate in the circumstances. 
Although Howmet believes that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable 
assumptions, it can give no assurance that these expectations will be attained and it is possible that actual results may differ 
materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of risks, uncertainties, and changes in 
circumstances that are difficult to predict. For a discussion of some of the specific factors that may cause Howmet’s actual 
results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements, see the following sections of this report: 
Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors), Part II, Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations), including the disclosures under Segment Information and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, and Note V 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. Market projections are subject to the risks discussed in this report 
and other risks in the market. Howmet disclaims any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, 
whether in response to new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

Item 1. Business.

General

PART I

Howmet Aerospace Inc. (formerly known as Arconic Inc.) is a Delaware corporation with its principal office in Pittsburgh, 
Pennsylvania and the successor to Arconic Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation formed in 1888 and formerly known as Alcoa Inc. 
In this report, unless the context otherwise requires, “Howmet”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Howmet 
Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

The Company’s Internet address is http://www.howmet.com. Howmet makes available free of charge on or through its website 
its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports 
filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as well as proxy statements, as 
soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and 
Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The Company's website is included in this annual report on Form 10-K as an inactive textual 
reference only. The information on, or accessible through, the Company’s website is not a part of, or incorporated by reference 
in, this annual report on Form 10-K. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains these reports at http://www.sec.gov.

Background

As described below, Howmet Aerospace Inc. was previously named Arconic Inc. and, prior to that, Alcoa Inc.

The Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction. On April 1, 2020, Arconic Inc. separated its businesses (the “Arconic Inc. Separation 
Transaction”) into two independent, publicly traded companies: Howmet Aerospace Inc. (the new name for Arconic Inc.) and 
Arconic Corporation. Following this separation, Howmet retained the Engine Products, Fastening Systems, Engineered 
Structures, and Forged Wheels businesses; and its prior Rolled Products, Aluminum Extrusions, and Building and Construction 
Systems businesses were spun-off to Arconic Corporation. In connection with the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, 
Howmet and Arconic Corporation entered into several agreements that govern the relationship of the parties following the 
separation.

The 2017 Reincorporation in Delaware. On December 31, 2017, Arconic Inc., then a Pennsylvania corporation, changed its 
jurisdiction of incorporation from Pennsylvania to Delaware. 

The Alcoa Inc. Separation Transaction. On November 1, 2016, Alcoa Inc. completed the separation of its business (the “Alcoa 
Inc. Separation Transaction”) into two independent, publicly traded companies: Arconic Inc. (the new name for Alcoa Inc., 
which, through the transactions described above, later became Howmet Aerospace Inc.) and Alcoa Corporation. Following this 
separation, the Company retained the Engineered Products and Solutions, Global Rolled Products, and Transportation and 
Construction Solutions businesses; and its previous Alumina and Primary Metals businesses, rolling mill operations in Warrick, 
Indiana and 25.1% interest in the Ma’aden Rolling Company were spun-off to Alcoa Corporation. In connection with the Alcoa 
Inc. Separation Transaction, the two companies entered into several agreements that govern their post-separation relationship.

Overview

Howmet is a leading global provider of advanced engineered solutions for the aerospace and transportation industries. The 
Company’s primary businesses focus on jet engine components, aerospace fastening systems, and airframe structural 
components necessary for mission-critical performance and efficiency in aerospace and defense applications, as well as forged 
aluminum wheels for commercial transportation. Howmet’s technological capabilities support the innovation and growth of 
next-generation aerospace programs. Its differentiated technologies enable lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft and commercial 
trucks to operate with a lower carbon footprint and support more sustainable air and ground transportation.

Howmet is a global company operating in 20 countries. Based upon the country where the point of shipment occurred, North 
America and Europe generated 71% and 22%, respectively, of Howmet’s sales in 2022. In addition, Howmet has operating 
activities in numerous countries and regions outside of North America and Europe, including China and Japan.

1

Description of the Business

The Company produces products that are used primarily in the aerospace (commercial and defense), commercial transportation, 
and industrial and other markets. Howmet seeks to provide its customers with innovative solutions through offering 
differentiated products such as airfoils with advanced cooling and coatings for extreme temperature applications; specially-
designed fasteners for lightweight composite airframe construction, reduced assembly costs, and lightning strike protection; and 
lightweight aluminum commercial wheels. Its products and solutions include investment castings for jet engines and industrial 
gas turbines (nickel superalloys, titanium, and aluminum), including airfoils and structural parts; seamless rolled rings for jet 
engines (mostly nickel superalloys); fastening systems for aerospace, industrial and commercial transportation applications 
(titanium, steel, and nickel superalloys); forged jet engine components (e.g., jet engine disks); machined and forged aircraft 
parts (titanium and aluminum); and forged aluminum commercial vehicle wheels, all of which are sold directly to customers 
and/or through distributors. 

Aerospace (Commercial and Defense) Market. Howmet’s largest market is aerospace, which represented approximately 62% of 
the Company’s revenue in 2022. The Company produces a range of high performance multi-materials, highly engineered 
products, and vertically integrated machined solutions for aero engines and airframe structures, ranging from investment 
castings, advanced coatings, seamless rings, forgings, titanium extrusions, and titanium mill products, to fasteners that hold 
aircraft together. Wingtip to wingtip, nose to tail, Howmet can produce more than 90% of all structural and rotating aero engine 
components. Modernization of the commercial and defense platforms is driven by an array of challenging performance 
requirements. With its precision engineering, materials science expertise and advanced manufacturing processes, Howmet aims 
to help its customers achieve greater fuel economies, reduced emissions, passenger comfort, and maintenance efficiencies.

Commercial Transportation Market. The commercial transportation market represented approximately 23% of the Company’s 
revenue in 2022. The Company invented the forged aluminum truck wheel in 1948, and continues to advance technology to 
deliver breakthrough solutions that make trucks and buses lighter, more fuel efficient and sharper-looking. Howmet’s forged 
aluminum wheels are a leading choice for commercial trucks and mass transportation vehicles because they can reduce weight 
and save fuel. The strength of the Company’s rivets, bolts and fasteners offers another light-weighting solution that delivers 
performance.

Industrial and Other Markets. Industrial and other markets include industrial gas turbines, oil and gas, and other industrials, 
which represented approximately 15% of the Company’s revenue in 2022. 

Howmet has four reportable segments, which are organized by product on a worldwide basis: Engine Products, Fastening 
Systems, Engineered Structures and Forged Wheels.

Engine Products

Engine Products utilizes advanced designs and techniques to support next-generation engine programs and produces 
components primarily for aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines, including airfoils and seamless rolled rings. Engine 
Products produces rotating parts as well as structural parts. Engine Products principally serves the commercial and defense 
aerospace markets as well as the industrial gas turbine market.

Fastening Systems

Fastening Systems produces aerospace and industrial fasteners, latches, bearings, fluid fittings and installation tools. In addition 
to highly engineered aerospace fasteners with a broad range of fastening systems, the segment also supplies the commercial 
transportation, renewable, and material handling industries. The business’s high-tech, multi-material fastening systems are 
found nose to tail on commercial and military aircraft, as well as on jet engines, industrial gas turbines, automobiles, 
commercial transportation vehicles, wind turbines, solar power systems, and construction and industrial equipment. 

Engineered Structures

Engineered Structures produces titanium ingots and mill products for aerospace and defense applications and is vertically 
integrated to produce titanium forgings, extrusions, forming and machining services for airframe, wing, aero-engine, and 
landing gear components. Engineered Structures also produces aluminum forgings, nickel forgings, and aluminum machined 
components and assemblies for aerospace and defense applications. The principal markets served by Engineered Structures are 
commercial aerospace, defense aerospace, and land and sea defense.

Forged Wheels

Forged Wheels manufactures forged aluminum wheels for trucks, buses, and trailers and related products for the global 
commercial transportation market. The Company’s portfolio of wheels is sold under the product brand name Alcoa® Wheels, 
which are five times stronger and 47% lighter than steel wheels. The Ultra ONE® Wheel with MagnaForce® alloy is the 
lightest portfolio of wheels on the market. The Company’s proprietary Dura-Bright® surface treatment is unmatched in 
appearance and corrosion protection.       

2

For additional discussion of each segment's business, see “Results of Operations—Segment Information” in Part II, Item 7 
(Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and Note D to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8.

Sales by Market and Significant Customer Revenue

Sales by market for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, were:

Aerospace - Commercial

Aerospace - Defense

Commercial Transportation

Industrial and Other

For the Year Ended
December 31,

2022

2021

2020

 46 %

 16 %

 23 %

 15 %

 41 %

 19 %

 23 %

 17 %

 50 %

 19 %

 16 %

 15 %

In 2022, General Electric Company and Raytheon Technologies Corporation represented approximately 12% and 9%, 
respectively, of the Company’s third-party sales. The loss of any such significant customer could have a material adverse effect 
on such businesses. See Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors).

3

 
Segment

Products

  Fastening Systems

Fasteners

The Company's Principal Facilities(1)

Country
Australia

Canada

Facility Location

  Oakleigh
  Georgetown, Ontario(2)

China

France

  Laval, Québec

  Suzhou(2)

  Engine Products
Engine Products; Engineered 
Structures
Engine Products; Fastening 
Systems; Forged Wheels

  Dives-sur-Mer

  Engine Products

  Evron

  Engine Products

  Gennevilliers

  Engine Products

  St. Cosme-en-Vairais(2)
  Toulouse

  Us-par-Vigny

Germany

  Bestwig

  Erwitte
Hildesheim-
Bavenstedt(2)
  Kelkheim(2)
  Nemesvámos

Hungary

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Engine Products

  Engine Products

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Székesfehérvár

  Engine Products; Forged Wheels

Japan

  JÔetsu City(2)

  Forged Wheels

Nomi

Engine Products

Mexico

  Ciudad Acuña(2)

Morocco

Monterrey
  Casablanca(2)

United Kingdom   Ecclesfield

  Exeter(2)

  Glossop

  Ickles
  Leicester(2)
  Low Moor
  Redditch(2)
  Telford

Engine Products; Fastening 
Systems
Forged Wheels

  Fastening Systems

  Engine Products

  Engine Products

  Engine Products

  Engine Products
  Fastening Systems

  Engineered Structures

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

Aerospace Castings

Aerospace Castings and Machining

Fasteners, Rings and Wheels Machining 

Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings
Aerospace and Specialty Castings
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings
Fasteners

Fasteners

Fasteners

Aerospace Castings

Machining of Aerospace Castings

Fasteners

Fasteners

Fasteners
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings and Forgings
Wheels Machining 
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings

Aerospace Castings/Rings and Fasteners

Forgings

Fasteners

Metal, Billets

Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings and Alloy
Metal, Billets

Metal, Billets
Fasteners

Extrusions

Fasteners

Fasteners

  Welwyn Garden City

  Engineered Structures

Aerospace Formed Parts

4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Country
United States

Facility Location

Segment

Products

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Tucson, AZ(2)
  Carson, CA(2)
  City of Industry, CA(2)
  Fontana, CA
  Fullerton, CA(2)
  Rancho Cucamonga, CA   Engine Products

  Engine Products

  Fastening Systems

  Fastening Systems

  Torrance, CA

  Branford, CT

  Winsted, CT

  Savannah, GA

  Fastening Systems

  Engine Products

  Engine Products

  Engineered Structures

  La Porte, IN

  Engine Products

  Whitehall, MI

  Engine Products

  Washington, MO

  Engineered Structures

  Big Lake, MN

  Engineered Structures

  New Brighton, MN

  Engineered Structures

  Dover, NJ

  Engine Products

  Kingston, NY(2)
  Rochester, NY

Barberton, OH
  Canton, OH(2)

  Cleveland, OH

  Fastening Systems

  Engine Products

Forged Wheels

Fasteners

Fasteners

Fasteners

Rings

Fasteners

Rings

Fasteners

Aerospace Coatings

Aerospace Machining

Forgings, Disks
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings

Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings and Coatings, Titanium Alloy and 
Specialty Products

Aerospace Formed Parts, Titanium Mill 
Products
Aerospace Machining

Aerospace Machining
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings and Alloy
Fasteners

Rings

Wheels Machining

  Engineered Structures

Titanium Mill Products

Engine Products; Engineered 
Structures; Forged Wheels

Forgings, Investment Casting Equipment, 
and Aerospace Components

  Niles, OH

  Engineered Structures

  Morristown, TN(2)

  Engine Products

  Houston, TX(2)
  Waco, TX(2)

  Engineered Structures

  Fastening Systems

  Wichita Falls, TX

  Engine Products

  Hampton, VA(2)

  Engine Products

  Martinsville, VA

  Engineered Structures

Titanium Mill Products
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Ceramic Products
Extrusions

Fasteners
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings
Aerospace and Industrial Gas Turbine 
Castings
Titanium Mill Products

(1)

(2)

Principal facilities are listed by location, with certain locations having more than one facility. The list in the above 
table does not include 19 locations that serve as sales and administrative offices, distribution centers or warehouses.

Leased property or partially leased property.

5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sources and Availability of Raw Materials

Important raw materials purchased in 2022 for each of the Company’s reportable segments are listed below.

Engine Products
Ceramics
Cobalt
Energy
Nickel

Platinum
Titanium

Fastening Systems
Aluminum Alloys
Energy
Nickel Alloys and Stainless  Primary Aluminum
Steels

Engineered Structures
Energy
Nickel Alloys

Titanium Scrap

Titanium Alloys

Titanium Sponge
Vanadium Alloys

Forged Wheels
Energy
Primary and Scrap Aluminum

Generally, raw materials are purchased from third-party suppliers under competitively priced supply contracts or bidding 
arrangements. The Company believes that the raw materials necessary to its business are and will continue to be available.

Patents, Trade Secrets and Trademarks

The Company believes that its domestic and international patent, trade secret and trademark assets provide it with a significant 
competitive advantage. The Company’s rights under its patents, as well as the products made and sold under them, are 
important to the Company as a whole and, to varying degrees, important to each business segment. The patents owned by 
Howmet generally concern particular products, manufacturing equipment or techniques. Howmet’s business as a whole is not, 
however, materially dependent on any single patent, trade secret or trademark. As a result of product development and 
technological advancement, the Company continues to pursue patent protection in jurisdictions throughout the world. As of the 
end of 2022, the Company’s worldwide patent portfolio consists of approximately 938 granted patents and 205 pending patent 
applications.

The Company also has a significant number of trade secrets, mostly regarding manufacturing processes and material 
compositions that give many of its businesses important advantages in their markets. The Company continues to strive to 
improve those processes and generate new material compositions that provide additional benefits. With respect to domestic and 
international registered trademarks, the Company has many that have significant recognition within the markets that are served. 
Examples include the name Howmet® metal castings, Huck® fasteners, and Dura-Bright® wheels with easy-clean surface 
treatments. A significant trademark filing campaign for the names “Howmet” and “Howmet Aerospace” along with its “H” logo 
was initiated in 2019, in support of the corporate launch of Howmet Aerospace Inc. As of the end of 2022, the Company’s 
worldwide trademark portfolio consists of approximately 1,569 registered trademarks and 94 pending trademark applications. 
The Company’s rights under its trademarks are important to the Company as a whole and, to varying degrees, important to each 
business segment.

Competitive Conditions

The Company’s segments - Engine Products, Fastening Systems, Engineered Structures, and Forged Wheels - are subject to 
substantial and intense competition in the markets they serve. Although Howmet believes its advanced technology, 
manufacturing processes and experience provide advantages to Howmet’s customers, such as high quality and superior 
mechanical properties that meet the Company’s customers’ most stringent requirements, many of the products Howmet makes 
can be produced by competitors using similar types of manufacturing processes as well as alternative forms of manufacturing. 
Despite intense competition, Howmet continues as a market leader in most of its principal markets. We believe that factors such 
as Howmet’s technological expertise, state-of-the-art capabilities, capacity, quality, engaged employees and long-standing 
customer relationships enable the Company to maintain its competitive position.

Principal competitors include Berkshire Hathaway Inc., through its 2016 acquisition of Precision Castparts Corporation and 
subsidiaries, for titanium and titanium-based alloys, precision forgings, seamless rolled rings, investment castings, including 
airfoils, and aerospace fasteners; VSMPO (Russia) for titanium and titanium-based alloys and precision forgings; Allegheny 
Technologies, Inc.’s High-Performance Materials & Components segment for titanium and titanium-based alloys and precision 
forgings; Lisi Aerospace (France) for aerospace fasteners; and Aubert & Duval (part of Eramet Group in France) for precision 
forgings. Other competitors include Doncasters Group Ltd. (U.K.) and Consolidated Precision Products Corp. (owned by 
Warburg Pincus and Berkshire Partners) for investment castings; Weber Metals (part of Otto Fuchs) for precision forgings; and 
Forgital and Frisa (Mexico) for seamless rings.

Forged Wheels competes against aluminum and steel wheel suppliers in the commercial transportation industry under the 
product brand name Alcoa® Wheels for the major regions that it serves (North America, Europe, Japan, China, South America, 
and Australia). Its larger aluminum wheel competitors are Accuride Corporation, Speedline (member of the Ronal Group), 
Nippon Steel Corporation, Dicastal, Alux, and Wheels India Limited. In recent years, Forged Wheels has seen an increase in the 
number of aluminum wheel suppliers (both forged and cast aluminum wheels) from China, Taiwan, India and South Korea 
attempting to penetrate the global commercial transportation market.

6

Several of Howmet’s largest customers have captive superalloy furnaces for producing airfoil investment castings for their own 
use. Many other companies around the world also produce superalloy investment castings, and some of these companies 
currently compete with Howmet in the aerospace and other markets, while others are capable of competing with the Company 
should they choose to do so.

International competition in the investment castings, fasteners, rings and forgings markets may also increase in the future as a 
result of strategic alliances among engine original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”), aero-structure prime contractors, and 
overseas companies, especially in developing markets, particularly where “offset” or “local content” requirements create 
purchase obligations with respect to products manufactured in or directed to a particular country.

Government Regulations and Environmental Matters

Our operations and activities are global and are subject to various federal, state, local, and foreign laws, rules and regulations, 
including those relating to the environment. In 2022, compliance with these laws, rules and regulations did not have a material 
effect on our capital expenditures, results of operations or competitive position. Additionally, we do not currently anticipate 
material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities in 2023. For a discussion of the risks associated with certain 
applicable laws and regulations, see “Risk Factors.” Information relating to environmental matters is included in Note V to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 under the caption “Environmental Matters.” 

Human Capital

To attract, recruit, develop and retain world-class talent, the Company has created a culture that embraces diversity, drives 
inclusion, and empowers and engages our employees. Our Code of Conduct describes how we lead with integrity and work 
with one another while supporting our stakeholders. The Company provides competitive wages, benefits and terms of 
employment. 

Attracting and recruiting candidates through workforce planning, increased hiring efficiency and effective onboarding has been 
a priority for the Company. The Company’s new Applicant Tracking System supports the dissemination of our job vacancies to 
a wider range of diverse partners. As an example, our campus recruitment platform provides an ability to proactively reach a 
broad talent network as the system of record for more than 9.2 million students and 1,300 schools across the United States. To 
retain new talent, the Company offers an onboarding program to develop a sense of belonging, teamwork and productivity that 
is uniform across the organization. 

The Company enables our employees to own their development and create rewarding careers that draw on their aptitudes and 
support their ambitions. Using a human capital management platform, employees can build a professional profile to share their 
career aspirations and learn new skills. This platform allows us to align employee goals and growth with the Company’s future 
business needs so that we can pinpoint potential successor candidates and build their readiness for their future roles. Our talent 
review and succession planning process is an ongoing priority and is sponsored and led by our CEO with oversight by the 
Board of Directors.

We have started to use a data-driven approach to track how our employees are progressing through our organization. We seek 
to identify high performers and support their development into potential future leaders, with a particular focus on providing 
equitable opportunities to individuals who are members of underrepresented groups. Our Employee Resource Groups continue 
to be fundamental to building our culture of inclusion. Focusing on Gender, LGBTQ+, African Heritage, Hispanic, Veteran, 
European and Next Generation, these networks provide colleagues with valuable support and advice, create development 
opportunities, and provide leadership with feedback that raises awareness of issues and challenges. The Company also provides 
diversity awareness training and resources. Our Board of Directors and Executive Leadership team review diversity, equity and 
inclusion activity on a regular basis, and have been actively involved in ‘Meet the Leader’ sessions with our employees 
throughout the year. 

Howmet’s strong health and safety culture empowers our employees and contractors to take personal responsibility for their 
actions and the safety of their coworkers. This culture is supported by internal policies, standards, rules and procedures that 
clearly articulate our stringent requirements for working safely in all of our worldwide facilities. The Company embeds annual 
health and safety goals and objectives into its operating plans to progress against our ultimate goal of zero incidents. We 
prioritize our risk management processes toward the prevention of fatality and serious injury.

Employees

Total worldwide employment at the end of 2022 was approximately 21,400 employees in 23 countries. 

Within the United States, there are eight collective bargaining agreements with varying expiration dates between Howmet and 
various labor unions. Of these eight, the largest workforce covered under a collective bargaining agreement is between Howmet 
and the United Autoworkers (“UAW”) at our Whitehall, Michigan location. This covers approximately 1,300 employees; the 
current agreement expires on March 31, 2023. The Whitehall, Michigan location has been preparing for the expiration of this 
collective bargaining agreement over the course of several months and has started negotiations with the union prior to the 

7

agreement’s expiration date. In addition to the employees covered by the Whitehall UAW collective bargaining agreement, 
approximately 1,700 other employees in the United States are also represented by labor unions. On a regional basis, collective 
bargaining agreements with varying expiration dates cover employees in Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. The 
Company believes that it has positive relationships with its employees and any respective labor union representatives.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

The names, ages, positions and areas of responsibility of the executive officers of the Company as of February 14, 2023 are 
listed below. The Company’s executive officers are annually elected or appointed to serve until the next annual meeting of the 
Board of Directors (held in conjunction with the annual meeting of shareholders), except in the case of earlier death, retirement, 
resignation or removal.

Michael N. Chanatry, 62, Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer. Mr. Chanatry was initially elected Vice President and 
Chief Commercial Officer of Howmet effective May 16, 2018. Prior to joining Howmet, from 2015 to April 2018, he was Vice 
President of Supply Chain for General Electric’s Power Division. Mr. Chanatry served as General Manager of Supply Chain for 
General Electric Appliances from 2013 to 2015; and General Electric Aviation Systems from 2009 to 2013. Prior to his 
leadership roles at General Electric Power, General Electric Appliances and General Electric Aviation Systems, Mr. Chanatry 
held numerous positions within the General Electric Aviation & Aerospace divisions, as well as at Lockheed Martin from 1983 
to 2009.

Ken Giacobbe, 57, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Giacobbe was initially elected Executive Vice 
President and Chief Financial Officer of Howmet effective November 1, 2016. Mr. Giacobbe joined Howmet in 2004 as Vice 
President of Finance for Global Extruded Products, part of Alcoa Forgings and Extrusions. He then served as Vice President of 
Finance for the Company’s Building and Construction Systems business from 2008 until 2011. In 2011, he assumed the role of 
Group Controller for the Engineered Products and Solutions segment. From January 2013 until October 2016, Mr. Giacobbe 
served as Chief Financial Officer of the Engineered Products and Solutions segment. Before joining Howmet, Mr. Giacobbe 
held senior finance roles at Avaya and Lucent Technologies.

Lola F. Lin, 48, Executive Vice President, Chief Legal and Compliance Officer and Secretary. Ms. Lin was initially elected 
Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary of Howmet effective June 28, 2021. Prior to joining Howmet, she 
served as Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Airgas, Inc. from 2016 to May 2021. Prior to her time at Airgas, Ms. 
Lin held various legal roles at Air Liquide USA LLC from 2007 to 2016, including as Vice President and Deputy General 
Counsel. Prior to her roles at Airgas Inc. and Air Liquide, Ms. Lin held roles at Dell Inc., Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP and 
Locke Liddell & Sapp LLP. 

Neil E. Marchuk, 65, Executive Vice President, Chief Human Resources Officer and Interim President, Fastening Systems. 
Mr. Marchuk was initially elected Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of Howmet effective March 1, 
2019. Prior to joining Howmet, from January 2016 to February 2019, he was Executive Vice President and Chief Human 
Resources Officer at Adient, an automotive manufacturer. From July 2006 to May 2015, Mr. Marchuk was Executive Vice 
President of Human Resource at TRW Automotive, and served as TRW’s Vice President, Human Resources from September 
2004 to July 2006. Prior to joining TRW, from December 2001 to August 2004, Mr. Marchuk was Director, Corporate Human 
Resources for E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Company (“E.I. Du Pont”). From September 1999 to November 2001, Mr. 
Marchuk was Director, Global HR Delivery for E.I. Du Pont. From February 1999 to August 1999, Mr. Marchuk served E.I. Du 
Pont as its Global HR Director, Global Services Division.

John C. Plant, 69, Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Plant was appointed Howmet’s Chief Executive 
Officer effective October 14, 2021, and was Co-Chief Executive Officer from April 2020 to October 2021. From February 2019 
to April 2020, he was the Chief Executive Officer of Arconic Inc., as the Company was then known prior to its separation. He 
has served as chairman of Howmet's Board of Directors since October 2017 and as a member of the Board since February 2016. 
Mr. Plant previously served as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of TRW Automotive from 2011 
to 2015, and as its President and Chief Executive Officer from 2003 to 2011. TRW Automotive was acquired by ZF 
Friedrichshafen AG in May 2015. Mr. Plant was a co-member of the Chief Executive Office of TRW Inc. from 2001 to 2003 
and an Executive Vice President of TRW from 1999 (when the company acquired Lucas Varity) to 2003. Prior to TRW, Mr. 
Plant was President of Lucas Varity Automotive and managing director of the Electrical and Electronics division from 1991 
through 1997. 

Barbara L. Shultz, 49, Vice President and Controller. Ms. Shultz was initially elected Vice President and Controller of 
Howmet effective May 25, 2021. Ms. Shultz joined Howmet in 2005 and served in numerous financial accounting positions 
until 2012 when she was appointed Director of Finance for the Company’s Alcoa Wheel and Transportation Products business. 
She then served as Director of Compliance for the Company’s then Structures business from July 2015 to February 2019, 
Director of Compliance from February 2019 to June 2020, and Assistant Controller from June 2020 to May 2021. Prior to 
joining Howmet, Ms. Shultz held several roles at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP from 1995 to 2005. 

8

Item 1A. Risk Factors. 

Howmet’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be impacted by a number of factors. In addition to the 
factors discussed elsewhere in this report, the following risks and uncertainties could materially harm the Company’s business, 
results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows, including causing its actual results to differ materially from those 
projected in any forward-looking statements. The following list of risk factors is not all-inclusive or necessarily in order of 
importance. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to Howmet or that Howmet currently deems immaterial 
may also adversely affect the Company materially in future periods.

Risks Related to Our Business and Operations

The markets for Howmet’s products are cyclical, and such markets and Howmet’s operations are influenced by a 
number of factors, including global economic conditions.

Howmet is subject to cyclical fluctuations in global economic conditions and lightweight metals end-use markets. Howmet sells 
many products to industries that are cyclical, such as the aerospace and commercial transportation industries, and the demand 
for our products is sensitive to, and quickly impacted by, demand for the finished goods manufactured by our customers in 
these industries, which may change as a result of changes in regional or worldwide economies, currency exchange rates, interest 
rates, inflation, energy prices or other factors beyond our control. In addition, Howmet derives a significant portion of our 
revenue from products sold to the aerospace industry, which is cyclical and reflective of changes in the general economy. The 
commercial aerospace industry is historically driven by the demand from commercial airlines for new aircraft and spare parts. 
Demand for commercial aircraft and spare parts is influenced by airline industry profitability, trends in airline passenger traffic 
domestically and globally, the state of U.S., regional and world economies, the ability of aircraft purchasers to obtain required 
financing and numerous other factors. The defense aerospace cycle is highly dependent on U.S. and foreign government 
funding; and, it is also driven by the effects of terrorism, a changing global geopolitical environment, U.S. foreign policy, 
whether older military aircraft are retired, and technological improvements to new engines and airframes. Further, the demand 
for Howmet’s commercial transportation products is driven by the number of vehicles produced by commercial transportation 
manufacturers. Commercial transportation sales and production are affected by many factors, including the age of the vehicle 
fleet, labor relations issues, fuel prices, regulatory requirements, government initiatives, trade agreements, and levels of 
competition. 

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has impacted global energy markets, particularly in Europe, leading to high 
volatility and increasing prices for crude oil, natural gas and other energy supplies. Higher energy costs result in increases in 
operating expenses at our manufacturing facilities, in the expense of shipping raw materials to our facilities, and in the expense 
of shipping products to our customers. The costs of certain raw materials (including, but not limited to, nickel, titanium, 
aluminum, cobalt, and rhenium) necessary for the manufacture of Howmet’s products and other manufacturing and operating 
costs are influenced by market forces and governmental constraints, including inflation, supply and demand, and shortages, and 
could be further influenced by export limits, sanctions, new or increased import duties, and countervailing or anti-dumping 
duties. Recent high levels of inflation worldwide and in the United States has resulted in an increase in the costs of materials 
and labor. While we generally attempt to pass along higher raw material and energy costs to our customers through contractual 
agreements in the form of price increases, there can be a delay between an increase in our costs and our ability to increase the 
prices of our products. Additionally, we may not be able to increase the prices of our products due to competitive pricing 
pressure and other factors. If the Company is unable to offset significant cost increases through customer price increases, 
productivity improvements, cost reduction or other programs, Howmet’s business, operating results or financial condition could 
be materially adversely affected.

Howmet is unable to predict the future course of industry variables, the strength of the U.S., regional or global economies, or 
the effects of government actions. Negative economic conditions, such as a major economic downturn or recession, continued 
inflation, or disruptions in the financial markets, could have a material adverse effect on Howmet’s business, financial condition 
or results of operations.

A material disruption of, or manufacturing difficulties at, Howmet’s manufacturing operations could adversely affect 
Howmet’s business.

If Howmet’s operations, particularly one of its key manufacturing facilities, were to be disrupted, including because of 
significant equipment failures, natural disasters, power outages, fires, explosions, terrorism, theft, sabotage, adverse weather 
conditions, public health crises, labor disputes, labor shortages or other reasons, Howmet may be unable to effectively meet its 
obligations to, or demand from, its customers. In addition, the manufacture of many of Howmet’s products is a complex 
process. Manufacturing problems arising from equipment failure or malfunction, inadvertent failure to follow regulatory or 
customer specifications and procedures, including those related to quality or safety, and problems with raw materials could have 
an adverse impact on the Company’s ability to fulfill orders or meet product quality or performance requirements, which may 
result in negative publicity and damage to our reputation, adversely impacting product demand and customer relationships. 
Interruptions in production capability could increase Howmet’s costs and reduce its sales, including causing the Company to 

9

incur costs for premium freight, make substantial capital expenditures, or purchase alternative material at higher costs to fulfill 
customer orders. Additionally, a delivery delay by us due to production interruptions could subject us to liability from customer 
claims that such delay resulted in losses to the customer. Furthermore, product manufacturing or performance issues could 
result in recalls, customer penalties, contract cancellation and product liability exposure in addition to a material adverse effect 
on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Because of approval, license and qualification requirements 
applicable to manufacturers and/or their suppliers, sources of alternatives to mitigate manufacturing disruptions may not be 
readily available to Howmet or its customers.

Howmet is dependent on a limited number of suppliers for materials and services essential to our operations, including 
raw materials, and supply chain disruptions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Howmet has supply arrangements with suppliers for various materials and services, including raw materials. We maintain 
annual or long-term contracts for a majority of our supply requirements, and, for the remainder, we depend on spot purchases. 
There can be no assurance that we will be able to renew, or obtain replacements for, any of our long-term contracts when they 
expire on terms that are as favorable as our existing agreements, or at all. For certain raw materials and services, we depend on 
a number of limited source or sole source suppliers. Supply constraints could impact our production or force us to purchase 
materials and other supplies from alternative sources, which may not be available in sufficient quantities or at prices that are 
favorable to us. Howmet could also have exposure if a key supplier is unable to deliver sufficient quantities of a necessary 
material on a timely basis. Several of our suppliers have recently had constraints on their ability to supply Howmet with its full 
requirements due to lack of capacity, labor shortages and/or material availability. If such constraints continue or escalate, it 
could result in an adverse impact on our business. Because of approval, license and qualification requirements applicable to 
manufacturers and/or their suppliers, sources of alternatives to mitigate supply disruptions may not be readily available to 
Howmet. Any delay in supply from these suppliers could prevent us from meeting customer demand for our products. The 
availability and costs of certain raw materials necessary for the production of Howmet’s products may also be influenced by 
private or government entities, including as a result of changes in geopolitical conditions or regulatory requirements, labor 
relations between the producers and their work forces, and unstable governments in exporting nations. Any of the foregoing 
supply chain disruptions or those due to trade barriers, business continuity, quality, cyberattacks, transportation, delivery or 
logistics challenges, weather, natural disaster, or pandemic events could adversely affect Howmet’s business, results of 
operations or financial condition.

Howmet’s business depends, in part, on its ability to successfully meet program demand, production targets and 
commitments.

Howmet is currently under contract to supply components for a number of existing and new commercial, general aviation, 
military aircraft and aircraft engine programs. Many of these contracts contemplate production increases over the next several 
years. If Howmet fails to meet production targets and commitments, or encounters difficulty or unexpected costs in meeting 
such levels, it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, business, operating results or financial 
condition. Similarly, to the extent demand for our products increases rapidly and significantly in future periods, we may not be 
able to ramp up production quickly enough to meet the demand, which could result in lost opportunities for growth and 
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or competitive position.

Failure to attract and retain a qualified workforce and key personnel or to provide adequate succession planning could 
adversely affect Howmet’s operations and competitiveness.

Howmet’s global operations require qualified and skilled personnel with relevant industry and technical experience. Shortages 
in certain skills, in areas such as engineering, manufacturing and technology, and other labor market inadequacies have created 
more competition for talent. A sustained labor shortage, lack of skilled labor, increased turnover, labor inflation, or increase in 
general labor costs could lead to higher labor, recruiting or training costs to attract and retain personnel. If the Company fails to 
attract, train, develop and retain a global workforce with the skills and in the locations we need to operate and grow our 
business, our business and operations could be adversely impacted. Furthermore, the continuity of key personnel and the 
preservation of institutional knowledge are vital to the success of the Company’s growth and business strategy. The loss of key 
personnel could significantly harm Howmet’s business, and any unplanned turnover or failure to develop adequate succession 
plans for key positions could deplete the Company’s institutional knowledge base, result in loss of technical or other expertise, 
delay or impede the execution of the Company’s business plans and erode Howmet’s competitiveness.

Howmet could be adversely affected by the loss of key customers or significant changes in the business or financial 
condition of its customers.

Howmet has long-term contracts with a significant number of its customers, some of which are subject to renewal, renegotiation 
or re-pricing at periodic intervals or upon changes in competitive supply conditions. Howmet’s failure to successfully renew, 
renegotiate or favorably re-price such agreements, or a material deterioration in or termination of these customer relationships, 
could result in a reduction or loss in customer revenue. Additionally, a significant downturn or deterioration in the business or 
financial condition or loss of a key customer supplied by Howmet could adversely affect Howmet’s financial results. Howmet’s 

10

customers may experience delays in the launch of new products, labor strikes, diminished liquidity or credit unavailability, 
weak demand for their products, supply chain constraints or other difficulties in their businesses. For example, our sales were 
negatively affected by Boeing’s pause in deliveries of its 787 aircraft from May 2021 through 2022 as a result of Boeing’s 
significantly reduced 787 production rates. Howmet’s customers may also change their business strategies or modify their 
business relationships with Howmet, including to reduce the amount of Howmet’s products they purchase, to switch to 
alternative suppliers, or to enter into the markets themselves to compete with Howmet. If Howmet’s customers reduce, 
terminate or delay purchases from Howmet due to the foregoing factors or otherwise and Howmet is unsuccessful in enforcing 
its contract rights or replacing such business in whole or in part or replaces it with less profitable business, our financial 
condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Howmet’s products are used in a variety of military applications, including military aircraft. Although many of the military 
programs in which Howmet participates extend several years, changes in military strategy, policy and priorities, or reductions in 
defense spending, may affect current and future funding of these programs and could reduce the demand for Howmet’s 
products, which could adversely affect Howmet’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Information technology system failures, cyberattacks and security breaches may threaten the integrity of Howmet’s 
intellectual property and other sensitive information, disrupt its business operations, and result in reputational harm 
and other negative consequences having a material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

Howmet’s information technology systems could be subject to damage or interruption from power outages; computer network 
and telecommunications failures; computer viruses; catastrophic events, such as fires, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes, 
hurricanes, acts of war or terrorism; and usage errors by employees. If Howmet’s information technology systems are damaged 
or cease to function properly, the Company may have to make a significant investment to fix or replace them, and Howmet may 
suffer loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in its operations. Any material disruption in the Company’s information 
technology systems, or delays or difficulties in implementing or integrating new systems or enhancing current systems, could 
have an adverse effect on Howmet’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Increased global cybersecurity vulnerabilities, threats and more sophisticated and targeted cyberattacks pose a risk to the 
security of our and our customers’, suppliers’ and third-party service providers’ products, systems and networks, and the 
confidentiality, availability and integrity of our data. The Company believes that it faces threats of cyberattacks due to the 
industries it serves, the locations of its operations, and its technological innovations. The Company has experienced 
cybersecurity attacks in the past, including breaches of its information technology systems in which information was taken, and 
may experience them in the future, potentially with more frequency or sophistication. Although past attacks did not result in 
known losses of any critical data or have a material impact on Howmet’s financial condition or results of operations, the scope 
and impact of any future incident cannot be predicted. While the Company continually works to safeguard its systems and 
mitigate potential risks, there is no assurance that such actions will be sufficient to prevent cyberattacks or security breaches 
that manipulate or improperly use the Company’s systems or networks, compromise confidential, personal or otherwise 
protected information, destroy or corrupt data, block access to its systems, or otherwise disrupt its operations. The occurrence of 
such events could negatively impact Howmet’s reputation and its competitive position and could result in litigation with third 
parties, regulatory action, loss of business, potential liability and increased remediation costs, any of which could have a 
material adverse effect on its financial condition and results of operations.

Our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows have been and could continue to be adversely 
impacted materially by the continued effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic affecting the global community has had and may continue to have a material adverse effect on our 
business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows, and the nature and extent of the impact over time remain 
uncertain. A sustained impact to our operations, financial results and market capitalization may require material impairments of 
our assets, including, but not limited to, goodwill and other intangible assets, long-lived assets, and right-of-use assets. The 
impact over time will depend on future developments that are beyond our control, including the duration of the pandemic, the 
continued severity of the virus, resurgences and emergence of variants of the virus, the efficacy and availability or uptake of 
vaccines and related drugs, and the actions that may be taken in response to COVID-19, such as travel limitations. For instance, 
the decrease in domestic and international air travel due to the pandemic adversely affected demand for narrow-body and wide-
body aircraft. Although domestic air travel now approximates pre-pandemic levels, China domestic air travel is still below pre-
pandemic 2019 levels on an average monthly basis in 2022. International travel also continues to be lower than pre-pandemic 
2019 levels. We expect commercial aerospace growth to continue, with narrow-body demand  returning faster than wide-body 
demand. The commercial wide-body aircraft market is taking longer to recover, which is creating a shift in our product mix 
compared to pre-pandemic conditions. In addition, several of our commercial aerospace and transportation customers have 
encountered, and may continue to encounter, challenges in their ability to increase production rates to meet demand due to labor 
and supply chain constraints stemming from the pandemic. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has or may continue to 
exacerbate other risks disclosed herein, including, but not limited to, risks related to global economic conditions, competition, 

11

loss of customers, costs of supplies, supply chain disruptions, manufacturing difficulties and disruptions, investment returns, 
our credit profile, our credit ratings, and interest rates.

Howmet faces significant competition, which may have an adverse effect on profitability.

As discussed in “Competitive Conditions” in Part I, Item 1 (Business) of this report, the markets for Howmet’s products are 
highly competitive. Howmet’s competitors include a variety of both U.S. and non-U.S. companies in our product markets, 
which could include existing customers. New entrants in our markets, new product offerings, new and/or emerging technologies 
in the marketplace, or new facilities may compete with or replace Howmet products. The willingness of customers to accept 
alternate solutions for the products sold by Howmet, pricing pressure from competitors, and technological advancements or 
other developments by or affecting Howmet’s competitors or customers could adversely affect Howmet’s business, financial 
condition or results of operations. Howmet’s competitive position and future performance depends, in part, on the Company’s 
ability to develop and innovate products, deploy technology initiatives and implement advanced manufacturing technologies. 
While Howmet intends to continue to develop innovative new products and services, it may not be able to successfully 
differentiate its products or services from those of its competitors or achieve and maintain technological advantages.

In addition, Howmet may face increased competition due to industry consolidation. Companies that are strategic partners in 
some areas of Howmet’s business may acquire or form alliances with Howmet’s competitors, thereby reducing their business 
with Howmet. Industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors who are better able to obtain favorable terms from 
suppliers or who are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. Consolidation within Howmet’s customer 
base may result in customers who are better able to exert leverage in negotiating prices and other terms of sale, or may lead to 
reduced demand for Howmet’s products if a combined entity replaces Howmet with a Howmet competitor with which it had 
prior relationships. The result of these circumstances could have a material adverse effect on Howmet’s business, operating 
results and financial condition.

Risks Related to Liquidity and Capital Resources

A decline in Howmet’s financial performance or outlook could negatively impact its credit profile, its access to capital 
markets and its borrowing costs.

A decline in the Company’s financial performance or outlook due to internal or external factors, such as macroeconomic 
conditions, a deterioration in the Company’s financial metrics or a contraction in the Company’s liquidity, could adversely 
affect the Company’s credit ratings and its access to the capital or credit markets on terms and conditions that the Company 
finds acceptable. A downgrade of Howmet’s credit ratings could result in negative consequences, including limiting its ability 
to obtain future financing on favorable terms, if at all, increasing borrowing costs and credit facility fees, triggering collateral 
postings, and adversely affecting the market price of Howmet securities. For information on our credit ratings, see “Liquidity 
and Capital Resources” in Part II, Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of 
Operations). Limitations on Howmet’s ability to access global capital markets, a reduction in Howmet’s liquidity or an increase 
in borrowing costs could materially and adversely affect Howmet’s ability to maintain or grow its business, which in turn may 
adversely affect its financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.

An adverse decline in the liability discount rate, lower-than-expected investment return on pension assets and other 
factors could adversely affect Howmet’s results of operations or amount of pension funding contributions in future 
periods.

Howmet’s results of operations may be negatively affected by the amount of expense Howmet records for its pension and other 
postretirement benefit plans, by reductions in the fair value of plan assets and by other factors. Howmet calculates income or 
expense for its plans using actuarial valuations in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States 
of America. These valuations reflect assumptions about financial market and other economic conditions, which may change due 
to changes in key economic indicators. The most significant year-end assumptions used by Howmet to estimate pension or 
other postretirement benefit income or expense for the following year are the discount rate applied to plan liabilities and the 
expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. In addition, Howmet is required to make an annual measurement of plan assets 
and liabilities, which may result in a significant charge to shareholders’ equity. For a discussion regarding how Howmet’s 
financial statements can be affected by pension and other postretirement benefits accounting policies, see “Critical Accounting 
Policies and Estimates—Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits” in Part II, Item 7 (Management’s Discussion and Analysis 
of Financial Condition and Results of Operations) and Note H to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8.

Adverse capital market conditions could result in reductions in the fair value of plan assets and increase the Company’s 
liabilities related to such plans. Additionally, unpredictable future declines in the discount rate or lower-than-expected 
investment returns on plan assets could lead to a decline in the plans’ funded status and result in higher than expected pension 
contributions. The foregoing factors may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition, liquidity and results of operations.

12

Dividends and share repurchases fall within the discretion of our Board of Directors and depend on a number of factors.

Share repurchases and the declaration of dividends fall within the discretion of Howmet’s Board of Directors, and the Board’s 
decision regarding such matters depends on many factors, including Howmet’s financial condition, earnings, capital 
requirements, debt service obligations, covenants associated with certain of the Company’s debt obligations, industry practice, 
legal requirements, regulatory constraints and other factors that the Board deems relevant. There can be no assurance that the 
Company will declare dividends or repurchase stock in the future in any particular amounts, or at all.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Matters

Howmet may be exposed to significant legal proceedings, investigations or changes in U.S. federal, state or foreign law, 
regulation or policy.

The manufacture and sale of our products expose Howmet to potential product liability, personal injury, property damage and 
related claims. In the event that a Howmet product fails to perform as expected, regardless of fault, or is used in an unexpected 
manner, and such failure or use results in, or is alleged to result in, bodily injury and/or property damage or other losses, 
Howmet may be subject to product liability lawsuits and other claims, or may participate in a recall or other corrective action 
involving such product. In addition, if a Howmet product is perceived to be defective or unsafe, Howmet’s sales could decrease, 
its reputation could be adversely impacted and Howmet could be exposed to government investigations or regulatory 
enforcement actions. Howmet is also subject to a variety of global legal and regulatory compliance risks in connection with its 
business and products. These risks include, among other things, potential claims, class action lawsuits or compliance issues, 
including those relating to securities laws, employment laws, intellectual property rights, cyber, security and privacy, insurance, 
commercial matters, antitrust and competition, human rights, third-party relationships, ESG (including climate-related/
sustainability and other) rules and regulations, supply chain operations and the manufacture and sale of products. An adverse 
outcome in one or more of proceedings or investigations, or unfavorable changes in laws, regulations or policies, or other 
contingencies that the Company cannot predict with certainty, could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial 
condition, results of operations or cash flows, including reputational harm, loss of customers and substantial monetary damages 
and/or non-monetary penalties. For additional information regarding the legal proceedings involving the Company, see Note V 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. 

Our business may be adversely affected if we fail to comply with government contracting regulations.

We derive a portion of our revenue from sales to U.S. and foreign governments and their respective agencies. Such contracts 
are subject to various procurement laws and regulations and contract provisions relating to their formation, administration and 
performance. New laws and regulations or changes to existing ones (including, but not limited to, those related to 
subcontracting, cybersecurity and specialty metals) can increase our risks and/or costs. Failure to comply with these laws, 
regulations or provisions in our government contracts could result in the imposition of various civil and criminal penalties, 
termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, suspension of payments, increased pricing pressure or suspension from future 
government contracting. If our government contracts are terminated, if we are suspended from government work, or if our 
ability to compete for new contracts is adversely affected, our financial condition and results of operation could be adversely 
affected.

Howmet’s global operations expose Howmet to risks that could adversely affect its business, financial condition, results 
of operations, cash flows or the market price of its securities.

Howmet has operations or activities in numerous countries and regions outside the United States, including Europe, Mexico, 
China, and Japan. As a result, Howmet’s global operations are affected by economic, political, legal, and other conditions in the 
United States and foreign countries in which Howmet does business, including (i) economic and commercial instability risks, 
including changes in local government laws, regulations and policies, such as those related to tariffs, sanctions and trade 
barriers, taxation, exchange controls, employment regulations and repatriation of assets or earnings; (ii) geopolitical risks such 
as political instability, civil unrest, expropriation, nationalization of properties by a government, imposition of sanctions, and 
renegotiation or nullification of existing agreements; (iii) war, cyber threats, terrorist activities or other dangerous conditions; 
(iv) compliance with applicable U.S. and foreign laws, including antitrust and competition regulations, the Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act and other anti-bribery and corruption laws, and laws concerning trade, including the International Traffic in Arms 
Regulations, the Export Administration Regulations, and the sanctions, regulations and embargoes administered by the U.S. 
Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control; (v) aggressive, selective or lax enforcement of laws and regulations 
by foreign governmental authorities; (vi) exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates, as well 
as inflation, economic factors, and currency controls in the countries in which it operates; and (vii) imposition of currency 
controls. Although the effect of any of the foregoing factors is difficult to predict, any one or more of them could adversely 
affect Howmet’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

13

Howmet may face challenges to its intellectual property rights which could adversely affect the Company’s reputation, 
business and competitive position.

Howmet owns important intellectual property, including patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets. The Company’s 
intellectual property plays an important role in maintaining Howmet’s competitive position in a number of the markets that the 
Company serves. Howmet’s competitors may develop technologies that are similar or superior to Howmet’s proprietary 
technologies, or design around the patents Howmet owns or licenses. Despite its controls and safeguards, Howmet’s technology 
may be misappropriated by its employees, its competitors or other third parties. The pursuit of remedies for any 
misappropriation of Howmet intellectual property is expensive and the ultimate remedies may be deemed insufficient. Further, 
in jurisdictions where the enforcement of intellectual property rights is less robust, the risk of misappropriation of Howmet 
intellectual property increases, despite efforts the Company undertakes to protect it. Developments or assertions by or against 
Howmet relating to intellectual property rights, and any inability to protect or enforce Howmet’s rights sufficiently, could 
adversely affect Howmet’s business and competitive position.

Unanticipated changes in Howmet’s tax provisions or exposure to additional tax liabilities could affect Howmet’s future 
profitability.

Howmet is subject to income taxes in both the United States and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. Its domestic and international 
tax liabilities are dependent upon the distribution of income among these different jurisdictions. Changes in applicable domestic 
or foreign tax laws and regulations, or their interpretation and application, including the possibility of retroactive effect, could 
affect the Company’s tax expense and profitability. Howmet’s tax expense includes estimates of additional tax that may be 
incurred for tax exposures and reflects various estimates and assumptions. The assumptions include assessments of future 
earnings of the Company that could impact the valuation of its deferred tax assets. The Company’s future results of operations 
could be adversely affected by changes in the effective tax rate as a result of a change in the mix of earnings in countries with 
differing statutory tax rates, changes in the overall profitability of the Company, changes in tax legislation and rates, changes in 
generally accepted accounting principles, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, the results of tax audits 
and examinations of previously filed tax returns or related litigation and continuing assessments of its tax exposures.

Labor disputes and other employee relations issues could adversely affect Howmet’s business, financial condition or 
results of operations.

A significant portion of Howmet’s employees are represented by labor unions in several countries under various collective 
bargaining agreements, each with varying durations and expiration dates. For more information, see “Employees” in Part I, 
Item 1 (Business) of this report. Howmet may not be able to negotiate successor collective bargaining agreements upon 
expiration, in the United States and other countries, without a risk of labor disputes, including strikes or work stoppages. 
Howmet may also be subject to general country strikes or work stoppages unrelated to its business or collective bargaining 
agreements. Any such labor disputes or work stoppages (or potential work stoppages) could have a material adverse effect on 
Howmet’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Howmet is exposed to environmental, health and safety risks and is subject to a broad range of health, safety and 
environmental laws and regulations which may result in substantial costs and liabilities.

Howmet’s operations worldwide are subject to numerous complex and increasingly stringent health, safety and environmental 
laws and regulations. The costs of complying with such laws and regulations, as well as participation in assessments and 
cleanups of sites, and internal voluntary programs, have been, and in the future could be, significant. Environmental matters for 
which Howmet may be liable may arise in the future at its present sites, at sites owned or operated by its predecessors or 
affiliates, at sites that it may acquire in the future, or at third-party sites used by Howmet, its predecessors or affiliates for 
material and waste handling and disposal. Compliance with health, safety and environmental laws and regulations, including 
remediation obligations, may impact Howmet’s results of operations or liquidity in a particular period.

In addition, the industrial activities conducted at Howmet’s facilities present a significant risk of injury or death to our 
employees or third parties that may be on site. Our operations are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local 
agencies in the United States, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and regulation by foreign 
government entities abroad responsible for employee health and safety. Material liabilities relating to injury, death or other 
workers’ compensation claims could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition or result 
in negative publicity and/or significant reputational harm.

14

Howmet may be affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory, customer or supplier responses to such 
change.

Increased concern over climate change has led to new and proposed legislative and regulatory initiatives, such as cap-and-trade 
systems and additional limits on emissions of greenhouse gases, which in turn may trigger customer decarbonization 
requirements. New or revised laws, regulations and policies in this area and customer decarbonization requirements could 
directly and indirectly affect Howmet and its customers and suppliers, including by increasing the costs of production or 
impacting demand for certain products, which could result in an adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations 
and cash flows. Additionally, Howmet utilizes natural gas, electricity and other fuels to operate its facilities. Significant 
increased energy costs and/or costs to transition to renewable energy sources, as a result of new laws, such as carbon pricing or 
product energy efficiency requirements, or as a result of customer requirements, could be passed along to the Company and its 
customers and suppliers. Compliance with any new or more stringent laws or regulations, or stricter interpretations of existing 
laws, could require additional expenditures by the Company or its customers or suppliers.

Physical risks associated with climate change may result in an increase of the exposure to, and impact of, events with damage 
due to flooding, extreme winds and extreme precipitation for Howmet locations, suppliers or customers. Prolonged periods of 
drought may result in wildfires and/or restrictions on process water use. These climate-related impacts may have an adverse 
effect on production capacity of Howmet sites, suppliers and customers. These types of incidents could have a material adverse 
effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

With respect to the various transaction agreements that the Company entered into in connection with its separation 
transactions, if the counterparties fail to meet their obligations or if we have material indemnification obligations under 
such agreements, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.

In connection with our separation transactions, we entered into various agreements with Arconic Corporation and Alcoa 
Corporation, including respective Separation and Distribution agreements pursuant to which Arconic Corporation and Alcoa 
Corporation agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities, and we agreed to indemnify those parties for certain liabilities. We 
rely on these parties to satisfy their performance and payment obligations under these agreements. If either party is unable or 
unwilling to satisfy its obligations under its applicable agreements, we could incur operational difficulties and/or material 
losses. The indemnities that we are required to provide Alcoa Corporation and Arconic Corporation under these agreements are 
currently not material. If either Alcoa Corporation or Arconic Corporation, as applicable, is not able to fully satisfy its 
indemnification obligations to us, we may be required to bear such losses. Each of these risks could negatively affect our 
business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction could result in substantial tax liability.

It was a condition to the distribution of all outstanding shares of Arconic Corporation common stock to the Company’s 
stockholders (the “Distribution of Arconic”), which effected the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, that we receive an 
opinion of our outside counsel regarding the qualification of the distribution as a “reorganization” within the meaning of 
Sections 355 and 368(a)(1)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This condition was satisfied 
prior to the Distribution of Arconic. However, if any of the facts, representations, or undertakings of the opinion is, or becomes, 
inaccurate or incomplete, the opinion of counsel may be invalid and the conclusions reached therein could be jeopardized. 
Further, the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) could determine that any of the facts, representations or undertakings are 
false or have been violated. Additionally, the opinion of counsel is not binding on the IRS or any court and the IRS or a court 
may disagree with the conclusions in the opinion of counsel. In the event the IRS were to prevail with such challenge, we, our 
stockholders and Arconic Corporation could be subject to significant U.S. federal income tax liability. In addition, even if the 
Distribution of Arconic, together with certain related transactions, otherwise qualifies for tax-free treatment under current U.S. 
federal income tax law, the Distribution of Arconic may nevertheless be rendered taxable to us as a result of certain post-
distribution transactions, including certain acquisitions of shares or assets of ours or Arconic Corporation. 

Under the tax matters agreement we entered into with Arconic Corporation in connection with the Arconic Inc. Separation 
Transaction, Arconic Corporation may be required to indemnify us for any taxes resulting from the separation due to certain 
actions, including Arconic Corporation’s representations, covenants or undertakings contained in the separation agreement and 
certain other agreements, including the opinion of counsel, being incorrect or violated. However, Arconic Corporation may not 
be able to fully satisfy its indemnification obligations. In addition, we may incur other tax costs in connection with the Arconic 
Inc. Separation Transaction, including non-U.S. tax costs resulting from transactions in non-U.S. jurisdictions, which may be 
material. Each of these risks could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

15

Item 2. Properties.

Howmet’s principal office and corporate center is located at 201 Isabella Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 
15212-5872. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company sold this property and entered into a 12-year lease with the purchaser 
for a portion of the property.

Howmet leases some of its facilities; however, it is the opinion of management that the leases do not materially affect the 
continued use of the properties or the properties’ values.

Howmet believes that its facilities are suitable and adequate for its operations. Although no title examination of properties 
owned by Howmet has been made for the purpose of this report, the Company knows of no material defects in title to any such 
properties. See Note A and Note O to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Howmet has active plants and holdings in various geographic areas. See the table regarding the Company's principal facilities in 
Part I, Item 1 (Business).

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

In the ordinary course of its business, Howmet is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims, both actual and potential. For a 
discussion of legal proceedings, see Note V to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity 
Securities.

The Company’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “HWM.” Prior to the Arconic Inc. 
Separation Transaction on April 1, 2020, the Company was known as Arconic Inc. and was listed under the stock symbol 
“ARNC.” 

The number of holders of record of common stock was 9,404 as of February 13, 2023.

16

Stock Performance Graph

The following graph compares the most recent five-year performance of the Company’s common stock with (1) the Standard & 
Poor’s (“S&P”) 500® Index, (2) the S&P 500® Industrials Index, a group of 70 companies categorized by Standard & Poor’s as 
active in the “industrials” market sector, and (3) the S&P Aerospace & Defense Index, which comprises General Dynamics 
Corporation, Howmet Aerospace Inc., Huntington Ingalls Industries, L3Harris Technologies, Inc., Lockheed Martin 
Corporation, Northrop Grumman Corporation, Raytheon Technologies Corporation, Textron Inc., The Boeing Company, and 
Transdigm Group Inc. 

The graph assumes, in each case, an initial investment of $100 on December 31, 2017, and the reinvestment of dividends. The 
historical prices of the Company presented in the graph and table have been adjusted to reflect the impact of the April 2020 
Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction. Because the starting point of the graph is December 31, 2017, the effect of the November 
2016 Alcoa Inc. Separation Transaction is already reflected in the Company’s stock price on December 31, 2017. The graph, 
table and related information shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by 
reference into future filings under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to 
the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

As of December 31,
Howmet Aerospace Inc.
S&P 500® Index
S&P 500® Industrials Index
S&P Aerospace & Defense Index

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

$  100.00  $ 

62.78  $  115.45  $  139.82  $  156.14  $  193.87 

100.00 

100.00 
100.00 

95.62 

86.71 
91.93 

125.72 

112.17 
119.81 

148.85 

124.59 
100.56 

191.58 

150.89 
113.86 

156.89 

142.63 
133.64 

17

Period EndingIndex ValueCumulative Total ReturnBased upon an initial investment of $100 at December 31, 2017 with dividends reinvestedHowmet Aerospace Inc.S&P 500 IndexS&P 500 Industrials IndexS&P Aerospace & Defense Index12/201712/201812/201912/202012/202112/2022050100150200250 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table presents information with respect to the Company’s open-market repurchases of its common stock during 
the quarter ended December 31, 2022:

Period
October 1 - October 31, 2022

November 1 - November 30, 2022

December 1 - December 31, 2022

Total for quarter ended December 31, 2022

Total Number 
of Shares 
Purchased

Average
Price Paid
Per Share(1)

—  $ 

—  $ 
1,677,711(3) $ 
1,677,711  $ 

— 

— 

38.83 

38.83 

Total Number
of Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Repurchase
Plans or
Programs

Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs (in 
millions)(1)(2)

—  $ 

—  $ 

1,674,082  $ 

1,674,082 

1,012 

1,012 

947 

(1)

(2)

(3)

Excludes commissions cost.

On August 18, 2021, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up 
to $1,500 million of the Company's outstanding common stock. After giving effect to the share repurchases made 
through the fourth quarter of 2022, approximately $947 million Board authorization remained available as of January 
1, 2023. Under the Company’s share repurchase programs (the “Share Repurchase Programs”), the Company may 
repurchase shares by means of trading plans established from time to time in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, block trades, private transactions, open market repurchases and/or 
accelerated share repurchase agreements or other derivative transactions. There is no stated expiration for the Share 
Repurchase Programs. Under its Share Repurchase Programs, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time, 
in amounts, at prices, and at such times as the Company deems appropriate, subject to market conditions, legal 
requirements and other considerations. The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares or 
to do so at any particular time, and the Share Repurchase Programs may be suspended, modified or terminated at any 
time without prior notice.

Amount includes the surrender of 3,629 shares of Howmet common stock by a participant in the Company’s stock 
incentive plan to the Company to satisfy the exercise price and tax withholding obligations of employee stock options 
at the time of exercise. These surrendered shares are not part of any Share Repurchase Programs.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

Reserved.

18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

(dollars in millions, except share and per-share amounts)

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is 
intended to help the reader understand our results of operations and financial condition. The MD&A is provided as a 
supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part 
II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

Overview

Our Business

Howmet is a global leader in lightweight metals engineering and manufacturing. Howmet’s innovative, multi-material products, 
which include nickel, titanium, aluminum, and cobalt, are used worldwide in the aerospace (commercial and defense), 
commercial transportation, and industrial and other markets. 

Howmet is a global company operating in 20 countries. Based upon the country where the point of shipment occurred, North 
America and Europe generated 71% and 22%, respectively, of Howmet’s sales in 2022. In addition, Howmet has operating 
activities in numerous countries and regions outside of North America and Europe, including China and Japan. Governmental 
policies, laws and regulations, and other economic factors, including inflation and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange 
rates and interest rates, affect the results of operations in countries with such activities.

Management Review of 2022 and Outlook

The Company derived approximately 46% of its revenue from products sold to the commercial aerospace market for the year 
ended December 31, 2022 which is substantially less than the pre-pandemic 2019 annual rate of approximately 60%. Due to the 
global COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the commercial aerospace industry to date, there has been a decrease in domestic 
and international air travel, which in turn has adversely affected demand for narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. Although 
domestic air travel now approximates pre-pandemic levels, China domestic air travel is still below pre-pandemic 2019 levels on 
an average monthly basis in 2022. International travel also continues to be lower than pre-pandemic 2019 levels. We expect 
commercial aerospace growth to continue, with narrow-body demand returning faster than wide-body demand. The commercial 
wide-body aircraft market is taking longer to recover, which is creating a shift in our product mix compared to pre-pandemic 
conditions. In addition to the impact from the pandemic, the timing and level of future aircraft builds by OEMs are subject to 
changes and uncertainties, such as declines in Boeing 787 production rates due to delays in its recertification, which may cause 
our future results to differ from prior periods due to changes in product mix in certain segments.

In 2022, Sales increased 14% over 2021 primarily as a result of higher sales in the commercial aerospace market, an increase in 
material cost pass through of $225, and favorable product pricing of $67, partially offset by lower sales in the defense aerospace 
market. Price increases are in excess of material and inflationary cost pass through to our customers.

Income from continuing operations before income taxes increased 87% from 2021. Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) 
increased 13% from 2021 due to favorable sales in the commercial aerospace market, cost reductions, and favorable product 
pricing, partially offset by Boeing 787 production declines and lower sales in the defense aerospace market and inflationary 
costs.

Management continued its focus on liquidity and cash flows as well as improving its operating performance through profitable 
revenue, efficient operations, and margin enhancement. Management has also continued its intensified focus on capital 
efficiency. Management’s focus and the related results enabled Howmet to end 2022 with a solid financial position.

The following financial information reflects certain key highlights of Howmet’s 2022 results:

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

Sales of $5,663, an increase of 14% from 2021, with higher sales in the commercial aerospace market; 

Net income from continuing operations of $469, or $1.11 per diluted share;

Income from continuing operations before income taxes of $606, an increase of $282, or 87%, from 2021;

Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $1,352, an increase of $152, or 13%, from 2021;

Cash on hand and restricted cash at the end of the year of $792;

Cash provided from operations of $733; cash used for financing activities of $526; and cash used for investing 
activities of $135;

Purchased approximately 11 million shares of Common Stock under the Share Repurchase Programs for 
approximately $400;

19

•

•

(1)

Total debt of $4,162, a decrease of $70 from 2021, reflecting repurchases of $69 of the 5.125% Notes due October 
2024 (the “5.125% Notes”) during 2022; and

The Company’s common stock had a closing price of $39.41 per share at December 30, 2022, an increase of $26.21 
per share, or 199%, since the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction on April 1, 2020, compared to an increase of 55% 
for both the S&P 500® Index and S&P Aerospace & Defense Select Industry Index over the same period.

See below in Results of Operations for the reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Income from 
continuing operations before income taxes.

In 2023, management projects sales to increase as we expect solid growth in the commercial aerospace market, and the 
Company’s strong position in that market is expected to continue. Earnings per share is expected to grow as management 
continues to focus on operational performance. Cash provided from operations is expected to increase for the full year in 2023 
compared with 2022, resulting from a continued focus on operating performance and on capital efficiency. Capital expenditures 
are expected to be less than depreciation and amortization.

Results of Operations

Earnings Summary

Sales. Sales for 2022 were $5,663 compared with $4,972 in 2021, an increase of $691, or 14%. The increase was primarily due 
to higher sales in the commercial aerospace market, an increase in material cost pass through of $225, and favorable product 
pricing of $67, partially offset by lower sales in the defense aerospace market. Price increases are in excess of material and 
inflationary pass through to our customers.

Sales for 2021 were $4,972 compared with $5,259 in 2020, a decrease of $287, or 5%. The decrease was primarily due to lower 
sales in the commercial aerospace market driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines and lower 
sales in the defense aerospace market, partially offset by growth in the commercial transportation and industrial gas turbine 
markets as well as favorable product pricing of $97. Price increases are in excess of material and inflationary cost pass through 
to our customers.

Cost of goods sold (“COGS”). COGS as a percentage of Sales was 72.5% in 2022 compared with 72.3% in 2021. The increase 
was primarily due to increased costs related to three plant fires, as well as material cost pass through and increased net 
headcount, primarily in the Engine Products and Fastening Systems segments, in anticipation of future revenue increases, 
partially offset by higher volumes and favorable product pricing. The Company had total COGS charges of $59 in 2022, offset 
by partial insurance claims reimbursements of $23, related to fires that occurred in 2019 at a Fastening Systems plant in France 
(the “France Plant Fire”), at a Forged Wheels plant in Barberton, Ohio in mid-February 2020 (the “Barberton Plant Fire”), and a 
mechanical failure resulting in substantial heat and fire-related damage to equipment at the Company’s cast house in Barberton, 
Ohio in the third quarter of 2022 (the “Barberton Cast House Incident”), compared to total COGS charges of $28 in 2021, offset 
by partial insurance claims reimbursements of $32, related to the France Plant Fire and the Barberton Plant Fire. The insurance 
claims related to these three plant fires were in excess of the insurance deductible. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the 
Company settled the insurance claim related to the Barberton Plant Fire. The downtime related to these plant fires in 2022 and 
2021 reduced production levels and affected productivity at the plants. The Company anticipates additional charges related to 
these plant fires of approximately $5 to $10 in 2023.

COGS as a percentage of Sales was 72.3% in 2021 compared with 73.7% in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to structural 
cost reductions and favorable product pricing. Additionally, the Company submitted insurance claims related to the France 
Plant Fire and Barberton Plant Fire and received partial settlements of $32 in 2021 compared to $39 in 2020, which were in 
excess of the insurance deductibles. In 2021, the Company recorded charges of $28 related to plant fires compared to $41 in 
2020. The downtime reduced production levels and affected productivity at the plants.

Selling, general administrative, and other expenses (“SG&A”). SG&A expenses were $288, or 5.1% of Sales, in 2022 
compared with $251, or 5.0% of Sales, in 2021. The increase in SG&A of $37, or 15%, was primarily due to higher 
employment, travel, and lease costs in 2022, as well as legal and other advisory reimbursements received in 2021 that did not 
recur in 2022.

SG&A expenses were $251, or 5.0% of Sales, in 2021 compared with $277, or 5.3% of Sales, in 2020. The decrease in SG&A 
of $26, or 9%, was primarily due to overhead cost reductions in 2021 and costs incurred in 2020 associated with the Arconic 
Inc. Separation Transaction that did not recur in 2021.

Research and development expenses (“R&D”). R&D expenses were $32 in 2022 compared with $17 in 2021. The increase of 
$15, or 88%, was primarily due to higher spending on technology projects across all segments.

R&D expenses were $17 in both 2021 and 2020.

20

Provision for depreciation and amortization (“D&A”). The provision for D&A was $265 in 2022 compared with $270 in 
2021. The decrease of $5, or 2%, was primarily driven by lower corporate software amortization and reduced depreciation due 
to the sale of the corporate center.

The provision for D&A was $270 in 2021 compared with $279 in 2020. The decrease of $9, or 3%, was primarily driven by 
lower corporate software amortization and research center depreciation as well as $1 of D&A related to the Barberton Plant Fire 
in 2021 compared to $6 in 2020.

Restructuring and other charges. Restructuring and other charges were $56 in 2022 compared with $90 in 2021 and $182 in 
2020.

Restructuring and other charges in 2022 consisted primarily of a $58 charge for U.S. and United Kingdom (“U.K.”) pension 
plans' settlement accounting and a $6 charge for various other exit costs. These charges were partially offset by a gain of $8 on 
the sale of assets at a small U.S. manufacturing facility in Engine Products. The Company has closed some small manufacturing 
facilities and may in the future close additional small facilities in order to consolidate operations, reduce fixed costs, and exit 
less profitable businesses.

Restructuring and other charges in 2021 consisted primarily of a $75 charge for U.K. and U.S. pension plans’ settlement 
accounting, a $15 charge for accelerated depreciation primarily related to the closure of small U.S. manufacturing facilities in 
Engine Products and Fastening Systems, a $7 charge for layoff costs, a $4 charge for impairment of assets associated with an 
agreement to sell a small manufacturing business in France, and a $4 charge for various other exit costs. These charges were 
partially offset by a gain of $12 on the sale of assets at a small U.S. manufacturing facility in Fastening Systems and a benefit of 
$3 related to the reversal of a number of layoff reserves related to prior periods. 

Restructuring and other charges in 2020 consisted primarily of a $113 charge for layoff costs, a $74 charge for U.K. and U.S. 
pension plans' settlement accounting, a $5 post-closing adjustment related to the sale of the Company’s U.K. forgings business, 
a $5 charge for impairment of assets associated with an agreement to sell an aerospace components business in the U.K, which 
ultimately did not occur and the business was returned to held for use, and a $5 charge related to the impairment of a cost 
method investment. These charges were partially offset by a benefit of $21 related to the reversal of a number of prior period 
programs.

See Note E to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this 
Form 10-K.

Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net was $229 in 2022 compared with $259 in 2021. The decrease of $30, or 12%, was 
primarily due to a reduced average level of debt for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year ended December 
31, 2021. On an annual basis, the partial repayment of the 5.125% Notes in 2022 will decrease Interest expense, net by 
approximately $4.

Interest expense, net was $259 in 2021 compared with $317 in 2020. The decrease of $58, or 18%, was primarily due to a 
reduced average level of debt for the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to the year ended December 31, 2020.

See Note R to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this 
Form 10-K.

Loss on debt redemption. Debt redemption or tender premiums include the cost to redeem or repurchase certain of the 
Company’s notes at a price which may be equal to the greater of the principal amount or the sum of the present values of the 
remaining scheduled payments, discounted using a defined treasury rate plus a spread, or a price based on the market price of 
its notes. Loss on debt redemption was $2 in 2022 compared with $146 in 2021. The decrease of $144 was primarily due to 
higher debt premiums paid in 2021 related to the repurchases of the 6.875% Notes due 2025 (the “6.875% Notes”), the 5.870% 
Notes due 2022, and the 5.125% Notes.

Loss on debt redemption was $146 in 2021 compared with $64 in 2020. The increase of $82, or 128%, was primarily due to 
debt premiums paid in 2021 on the 6.875% Notes, partially offset by debt redemption or tender premiums, as applicable, paid in 
2020 on the repurchases of the 6.150% Notes due 2020 (the “6.150% Notes”) and the 5.400% Notes due 2021.

See Note R to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this 
Form 10-K.

Other expense, net. Other expense, net was $82 in 2022 compared with $19 in 2021. The increase in expense of $63 was 
primarily driven by the adverse judgment of $65 related to Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (“LBIE”) swaps that were 
entered into in 2007 and 2008, which were assumed as part of the Firth Rixson acquisition in 2014, an increase from net 
realized and unrealized losses of $9, primarily related to mark-to-market adjustments on exchange-traded fixed income 
securities and losses on sales of receivables, and higher non-service related net periodic benefit costs related to pension and 
other postretirement benefit plans in 2022 of $7, partially offset by the impacts of deferred compensation arrangements of $16 

21

and higher interest income of $4. Non-service related net periodic benefit costs related to defined benefit plans is expected to 
increase by approximately $20 from 2022 to 2023. 

Other expense, net was $19 in 2021 compared with $74 in 2020. The decrease in expense of $55 was primarily driven by the 
write-off of an indemnification receivable of $53 related to a Spanish tax reserve, reflecting Alcoa Corporation's 49% share and 
Arconic Corporation's 33.66% share, that occurred in 2020 and did not occur in 2021 and lower non-service related net periodic 
benefit costs related to pension and other postretirement benefit plans in 2021 of $17, which were partially offset by an increase 
in foreign currency gains of $13. Non-service related net periodic benefit costs related to defined benefit plans declined 
approximately 65% from 2020 to 2021.

Income taxes. Howmet’s effective tax rate was 22.6% (provision on pre-tax income) in 2022 compared with the U.S. federal 
statutory rate of 21%. The effective rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily as a result of a $12 charge related 
to an increase in the valuation allowance on a foreign tax credit carryforward in the U.S., $8 of charges related to U.S. tax on 
Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) and other foreign earnings, $8 of charges related to nondeductible expenses, 
and $5 of incremental state tax and foreign taxes on earnings also subject to U.S. federal income tax, partially offset by a $6 
benefit for the release of a valuation allowance on interest deduction carryforwards in the U.K., a $5 benefit related to a tax 
accounting method change, a $5 excess benefit for stock compensation, and a $3 benefit related to a distribution of foreign 
earnings. The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “Act”) was signed into law on August 16, 2022. The Act includes various 
tax provisions, including a 1% excise tax on stock repurchases, expanded tax credits for clean energy incentives, and a 
corporate alternative minimum tax that generally applies to U.S. corporations with average adjusted financial statement income 
over a three-year period in excess of $1,000. The Company does not expect the Act to materially impact its financial statements. 
Howmet anticipates that the effective tax rate in 2023 will be between 22.5% and 23.5%. 

Howmet’s effective tax rate was 20.4% (provision on pre-tax income) in 2021 compared with the U.S. federal statutory rate of 
21%. The effective rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily as a result of a $32 benefit from the recognition of 
income tax credits related to development incentives in Hungary, and a $9 benefit related to updated U.S. regulatory guidance 
concerning the utilization of foreign tax credits in connection with the one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of 
previously non-taxed post-1986 earnings and profits of certain foreign subsidiaries enacted as part of the U.S. Tax Cuts and 
Jobs Act of 2017 (the “2017 Act”), partially offset by $9 of charges from the decision to no longer permanently reinvest 
earnings in certain foreign subsidiaries, $7 of charges from distributions of foreign earnings, $8 of charges to establish a 
valuation allowance on certain net operating losses in Switzerland, $6 of charges related to U.S. tax on foreign income, and 
other impacts related to nondeductible expenses including foreign losses with no tax benefit.

Howmet’s effective tax rate was 23.4% (benefit on pre-tax income) in 2020 compared with the U.S. federal statutory rate of 
21%. The effective rate differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate primarily as a result of a $64 benefit related to the release of 
an income tax reserve following a favorable Spanish tax case decision, a $30 benefit related to the recognition of a previously 
uncertain U.S. tax position, and a $30 benefit for a U.S. tax law change related to the issuance of final regulations that provide 
for an exclusion of certain high-taxed foreign earnings from the calculation of GILTI, partially offset by U.S. tax on foreign 
earnings, $8 of charges related to the remeasurement of deferred tax balances as a result of the Arconic Inc. Separation 
Transaction, the tax impact of $49 of nondeductible loss related to the reversal of indemnification receivables associated with 
the favorable Spanish tax case decision, and the tax impact of other nondeductible expenses.

Net income from continuing operations. Net income from continuing operations was $469, or $1.11 per diluted share, for 
2022 compared to $258, or $0.59 per diluted share, in 2021. The increase in results of $211, or 82%, was primarily due to 
higher sales in the commercial aerospace market, a decrease in the Loss on debt redemption of $144, favorable product pricing 
of $67, a decrease of $34 in Restructuring and other charges, and a decrease in Interest expense, net of $30, partially offset by 
lower sales in the defense aerospace market, an increase in other inflationary costs, the adverse judgment related to the LBIE 
legal proceeding of $65, and an increase in the Provision for income taxes primarily driven by an increase in income before 
income taxes.

Net income from continuing operations was $258, or $0.59 per diluted share, for 2021 compared to $211, or $0.48 per diluted 
share, in 2020. The increase in results of $47, or 22%, was primarily due to cost reductions, a decrease of $92 in Restructuring 
and other charges, and a decrease of $58 in Interest expense, net, due to lower long-term debt levels, partially offset by lower 
sales in the commercial aerospace and defense aerospace market, an increase in the Provision for income taxes, and an increase 
in the Loss on debt redemption of $82.

Net income. Net income was $469 for 2022, all of which was composed of $469 of income from continuing operations, or 
$1.11 per diluted share. 

Net income was $258 for 2021, all of which was composed of $258 of income from continuing operations, or $0.59 per diluted 
share.

22

Net income was $261 for 2020, composed of $211 of income from continuing operations and $50 from discontinued operations 
as a result of the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, or $0.48 and $0.11 per diluted share, respectively.

See details of discontinued operations in Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial 
Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

Segment Information

The Company’s operations consist of four worldwide reportable segments: Engine Products, Fastening Systems, Engineered 
Structures and Forged Wheels. Segment performance under Howmet’s management reporting system is evaluated based on a 
number of factors; however, the primary measure of performance is Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Prior to the first quarter of 
2022, the Company used Segment operating profit as its primary measure of performance. However, the Company’s CEO 
believes that Segment Adjusted EBITDA is now a better representation of its business because it provides additional 
information with respect to the Company’s operating performance and the Company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. 
Howmet’s definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) is net 
margin plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin is equivalent to Sales minus the following items: Cost 
of goods sold; Selling, general administrative, and other expenses; Research and development expenses; and Provision for 
depreciation and amortization. Special items, including Restructuring and other charges, are excluded from Net margin and 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other 
companies. Differences between the total segment and consolidated totals are in Corporate (see Note D to the Consolidated 
Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K). 

The Company has aligned its operations consistent with how the CEO assesses operating performance and allocates capital.

The Company produces aerospace engine parts and components and aerospace fastening systems for 737 MAX airplanes. From 
late December 2019 and throughout 2020, Boeing suspended production of 737 MAX airplanes. While regulatory authorities in 
the United States and certain other jurisdictions lifted grounding orders beginning in late 2020, our sales remained at lower 
levels throughout 2021 due to the residual impacts of the 737 MAX grounding. Sales related to the 737 MAX improved in 2022 
year over year, contributing to commercial aerospace growth.

The Company also produces aerospace engine parts and components and aerospace fastening systems for Boeing 787 airplanes. 
Boeing paused deliveries of its 787 aircraft between May 2021 and August 2022. As a result of the significant decline in Boeing 
787 production rates, our sales remained at lower levels throughout 2022. We expect increased sales related to the Boeing 787 
in 2023 year over year.

Income from continuing operations before income taxes totaled $606 in 2022, $324 in 2021, and $171 in 2020. Segment 
Adjusted EBITDA for all reportable segments totaled $1,352 in 2022, $1,200 in 2021, and $1,152 in 2020. See below for the 
reconciliation of Income from continuing operations before income taxes to Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA.

The following information provides Sales, Segment Adjusted EBITDA, and Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for each 
reportable segment for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022.

Engine Products 

Third-party sales
Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin

$ 

2022

2,698 
729 

$ 

2021

2,282 
564 

$ 

2020

2,406 
540 

 27.0 %

 24.7 %

 22.4 %

Engine Products produces investment castings, including airfoils, and seamless rolled rings primarily for aircraft engines 
(aerospace commercial and defense) and industrial gas turbines. Engine Products produces rotating parts as well as structural 
parts, which are sold directly to customers. Generally, the sales and costs and expenses of this segment are transacted in the 
local currency of the respective operations, which are mostly the U.S. dollar, British pound, euro, and Japanese yen.

Third-party sales for the Engine Products segment increased $416, or 18%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due to 
higher volumes in the commercial aerospace and oil and gas markets as well as an increase in material cost pass through and 
favorable product pricing.

Third-party sales for the Engine Products segment decreased $124, or 5%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to lower 
volumes in the commercial aerospace market driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines and lower 
volumes in the defense aerospace market, partially offset by higher volumes in the industrial gas turbine market.

23

 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Engine Products segment increased $165, or 29%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily 
due to higher volumes in the commercial aerospace and oil and gas markets as well as productivity gains and favorable product 
pricing. The segment added approximately 950 net headcount since the end of 2021 in anticipation of revenue increases into 
2023.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Engine Products segment increased $24, or 4%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due 
to cost reductions and favorable product pricing, partially offset by lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market driven 
by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines, and lower volumes in the defense aerospace market.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Engine Products segment increased approximately 230 basis points in 2022 
compared with 2021, primarily due to higher volumes in the commercial aerospace and oil and gas markets as well as 
productivity gains, partially offset by an increase in material cost pass through.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Engine Products segment increased approximately 230 basis points in 2021 
compared with 2020, primarily due to cost reductions and favorable product pricing, partially offset by lower volumes in the 
commercial aerospace market driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines, and lower volumes in 
the defense aerospace market.

In 2023, as compared to 2022, demand in the commercial aerospace, industrial gas turbine, and oil and gas markets is expected 
to increase. Additionally, an increase in other inflationary costs is expected to contribute to an increase in sales as the Company 
generally passes through these costs.

Fastening Systems

Third-party sales

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin

2022

2021

2020

$ 

1,117 

$ 

1,044 

$ 

234 

 20.9 %

239 

 22.9 %

1,245 

295 

 23.7 %

Fastening Systems produces aerospace fastening systems, as well as commercial transportation fasteners. The business’s high-
tech, multi-material fastening systems are found nose to tail on aircraft and aero engines. The business’s products are also 
critical components of automobiles, commercial transportation vehicles, and construction and industrial equipment. Fastening 
Systems are sold directly to customers and through distributors. Generally, the sales and costs and expenses of this segment are 
transacted in the local currency of the respective operations, which are mostly the U.S. dollar, British pound, and euro.

Third-party sales for the Fastening Systems segment increased $73, or 7%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due to 
higher volumes in the commercial aerospace market, with narrow body recovery more than offsetting Boeing 787 production 
declines, higher volumes in the commercial transportation market, and an increase in material cost pass through, partially offset 
by lower volumes in the industrial market.

Third-party sales for the Fastening Systems segment decreased $201, or 16%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to 
lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines, 
partially offset by higher volumes in the commercial transportation and industrial markets.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Fastening Systems segment decreased $5, or 2%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily 
due to Boeing 787 production declines, lower volumes in the industrial market, and inflationary costs, partially offset by higher 
volumes in the narrow body commercial aerospace and commercial transportation markets. The segment added approximately 
400 net headcount since the end of 2021 in anticipation of revenue increases into 2023.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Fastening Systems segment decreased $56, or 19%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily 
due to lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production 
declines, partially offset by cost reductions and higher volumes in the commercial transportation and industrial markets.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Fastening Systems segment decreased approximately 200 basis points in 2022 
compared with 2021, primarily due to Boeing 787 production declines, lower volumes in the industrial market, and inflationary 
costs, partially offset by favorable volumes in the narrow body commercial aerospace and commercial transportation markets.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Fastening Systems segment decreased approximately 80 basis points in 2021 
compared with 2020, primarily due to lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, driven by the impact of COVID-19 
and Boeing 787 production declines, partially offset by cost reductions and higher volumes in the commercial transportation 
and industrial markets.

In 2023, as compared to 2022, demand in the commercial aerospace and industrial markets is expected to increase. 
Additionally, an increase in other inflationary costs is expected to contribute to an increase in sales as the Company generally 
passes through these costs.

24

 
 
 
Engineered Structures

Third-party sales

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

790 

111 

$ 

725 

103 

927 

125 

 14.1 %

 14.2 %

 13.5 %

Engineered Structures produces titanium ingots and mill products for aerospace and defense applications and is vertically 
integrated to produce titanium forgings, extrusions forming and machining services for airframe, wing, aero-engine, and 
landing gear components. Engineered Structures also produces aluminum forgings, nickel forgings, and aluminum machined 
components, and assemblies for aerospace and defense applications. The segment’s products are sold directly to customers and 
through distributors, and sales and costs and expenses of this segment are generally transacted in the local currency of the 
respective operations, which are mostly the U.S. dollar and British pound.

Third-party sales for the Engineered Structures segment increased $65, or 9%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due to 
higher volumes in the narrow body commercial aerospace market as well as an increase in material cost pass through and 
favorable product pricing, partially offset by lower volumes in the defense aerospace market, including lower F-35 program 
volumes, and Boeing 787 production declines.

Third-party sales for the Engineered Structures segment decreased $202, or 22%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to 
lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines, 
and lower volumes in the defense aerospace market, including lower F-35 program volumes.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Engineered Structures segment increased $8, or 8%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily 
due to higher volumes in the narrow body commercial aerospace market and favorable product pricing, partially offset by lower 
volumes in the defense aerospace market, including lower F-35 program volumes, and Boeing 787 production declines as well 
as inflationary costs.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Engineered Structures segment decreased $22, or 18%, in 2021 compared with 2020, 
primarily due to lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 
production declines, and lower volumes in the defense aerospace market, including lower F-35 program volumes, partially 
offset by cost reductions.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Engineered Structures segment decreased approximately 10 basis points in 2022 
compared with 2021, primarily due to lower volumes in the defense aerospace market and Boeing 787 production declines as 
well as continued inflationary cost pressures, partially offset by higher volumes in the narrow body commercial aerospace 
market.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Engineered Structures segment increased approximately 70 basis points in 2021 
compared with 2020, primarily due to cost reductions, partially offset by lower volumes in the commercial aerospace market, 
driven by the impact of COVID-19 and Boeing 787 production declines, and lower volumes in the defense aerospace market, 
including lower F-35 program volumes.

In 2023, as compared to 2022, demand in the commercial aerospace market is expected to increase. Additionally, an increase in 
material and other inflationary costs is expected to contribute to an increase in sales as the Company generally passes through 
these costs.

Forged Wheels

Third-party sales

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin

2022

2021

2020

$ 

1,058 

$ 

278 

 26.3 %

$ 

921 

294 

679 

192 

 31.9 %

 28.3 %

Forged Wheels produces forged aluminum wheels and related products for heavy-duty trucks, trailers, and buses globally. 
Forged Wheels' products are sold directly to OEMs and through distributors. Generally, the sales and costs and expenses of this 
segment are transacted in the local currency of the respective operations, which are mostly the U.S. dollar and euro.

Third-party sales for the Forged Wheels segment increased $137, or 15%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due to an 
increase in aluminum material and other inflationary cost pass through and higher commercial transportation volumes, partially 
offset by unfavorable foreign currency movements.

Third-party sales for the Forged Wheels segment increased $242, or 36%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to higher 
commercial transportation volumes and an increase in aluminum material cost pass through.

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Forged Wheels segment decreased $16, or 5%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due 
to unfavorable foreign currency movements, partially offset by higher commercial transportation volumes.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA for the Forged Wheels segment increased $102, or 53%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily 
due to higher commercial transportation volumes, fixed cost reductions, and maximizing production in low-cost countries.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Forged Wheels segment decreased approximately 560 basis points in 2022 
compared with 2021, primarily due to aluminum material and European energy cost pass through as well as unfavorable foreign 
currency movements, partially offset by higher volumes.

Segment Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the Forged Wheels segment increased approximately 360 basis points in 2021 
compared with 2020, primarily due to higher commercial transportation volumes, fixed cost reductions, and maximizing 
production in low-cost countries, partially offset by aluminum material cost pass through.

In July 2022, the Company’s cast house in Barberton, Ohio, which produces aluminum ingot used in the production of wheels 
for the North American commercial transportation market, experienced a mechanical failure resulting in substantial heat and 
fire-related damage to equipment. The downtime temporarily reduced production levels and affected productivity at the plant. 
The plant has been repaired and resumed normal operations in the fourth quarter of 2022. The Company has insurance with a 
deductible of $10. 

In mid-February 2020, a fire occurred at the Company’s forged wheels plant located in Barberton, Ohio. The downtime reduced 
production levels and affected productivity at the plant. During the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company settled the insurance 
claim related to the Barberton Plant Fire.

In 2023, as compared to 2022, demand in the commercial transportation markets served by Forged Wheels is expected to 
decrease in most regions due to lower OEM builds. A decrease in material costs partially offset by an increase in other 
inflationary costs is expected to contribute to a net decrease in sales as the Company generally passes through these costs. Sales 
in the Forged Wheels segment could also be negatively impacted by component supply chain constraints at our customers.

Reconciliation of Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA to Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Loss on debt redemption

Interest expense, net
Other expense, net(1)
Operating income

Segment provision for depreciation and amortization

Unallocated amounts:

Restructuring and other charges

Corporate expense

Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA

$ 

$ 

2022

2021

2020

606  $ 
2 

229 

82 

919  $ 

258 

56 

119 

324  $ 
146 

259 

19 

748  $ 

261 

90 

101 

171 
64 

317 

74 

626 

262 

182 

82 

$ 

1,352  $ 

1,200  $ 

1,152 

(1)

See the Contingencies section of Note V to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that this measure is meaningful to 
investors because it provides additional information with respect to the Company’s operating performance and the Company’s 
ability to meet its financial obligations. Differences between the total segment and consolidated totals are in Corporate. 

See Restructuring and other charges, D&A, Loss on debt redemption, Interest expense, net, and Other expense, net discussions 
above under “Results of Operations” for reference.

Corporate expense increased $18, or 18%, in 2022 compared with 2021, primarily due to higher net costs related to the France 
Plant Fire, the Barberton Plant Fire, and the Barberton Cast House Incident of $39, higher employment, travel, and lease costs 
in 2022, and higher nonrecurring legal and other advisory reimbursements received in 2021 compared to 2022 of $1, partially 
offset by 2021 costs of $32 associated with closures, shutdowns, and other items which did not recur in 2022.

Corporate expense increased $19, or 23%, in 2021 compared with 2020, primarily due to costs associated with closures, 
shutdowns, and other items of $32 and nonrecurring legal and other advisory reimbursements received in 2020 that did not 
recur in 2021 aggregating to $8, partially offset by lower costs driven by overhead cost reductions, as well as costs incurred in 
2020 associated with the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction of $7 that did not recur in 2021 and lower net costs related to the 
Barberton Plant Fire and the France Plant Fire of $6.

26

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Environmental Matters

See the Environmental Matters section of Note V to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Howmet maintains a disciplined approach to cash management and the strengthening of its balance sheet. Management 
continued to focus on actions to improve Howmet’s cost structure and liquidity, providing the Company with the ability to 
operate effectively. Such actions included procurement efficiencies and overhead rationalization to reduce costs, working 
capital initiatives, and maintaining a sustainable level of capital expenditures.

Cash provided from operations and financing activities is expected to be adequate to cover Howmet's operational and business 
needs over the next 12 months. For an analysis of long-term liquidity, see “Contractual Obligations” and “Off-Balance Sheet 
Arrangements” below.

At December 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents of Howmet were $791, of which $283 was held by Howmet's non-U.S. 
subsidiaries. If the cash held by non-U.S. subsidiaries were to be repatriated to the U.S., the Company does not expect there to 
be material income tax consequences.

The cash flows related to Arconic Corporation have not been segregated and are included in the Statement of Consolidated 
Cash Flows for the period prior to the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction. 

Operating Activities

Cash provided from operations in 2022 was $733 compared with $449 in 2021 and $9 in 2020.

The increase in cash provided from operations of $284, or 63%, between 2022 and 2021 was due to lower working capital of 
$165, higher operating results of $89, and lower pension contributions of $53, partially offset by higher payments on noncurrent 
liabilities of $37. The components of the change in working capital included favorable changes in receivables of $176, 
including collections of employee retention credit receivables, accrued expenses of $169, accounts payable of $102, and taxes, 
including income taxes, of $29, partially offset by inventories of $294 and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $17.

The increase in cash provided from operations of $440 between 2021 and 2020 was primarily due to lower working capital of 
$357, lower pension contributions of $161, and lower noncurrent liabilities of $12, partially offset by lower operating results of 
$38 and the write-off of an indemnification receivable of $53 related to a Spanish tax reserve that occurred in 2020 and did not 
occur in 2021. The components of the change in working capital included favorable changes in accounts payable of $525, 
accrued expenses of $71, and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $13, partially offset by taxes, including income taxes 
of $139, receivables of $99, including employee retention credit receivables, and inventories of $14.

Financing Activities

Cash used for financing activities was $526 in 2022 compared with $1,444 in 2021 and $369 in 2020.

The use of cash in 2022 was primarily related to the repurchase of common stock of $400, the repayments on the aggregate 
outstanding principal amount of long-term debt of approximately $69, and dividends paid to shareholders of $44. These items 
were partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options of $16. On an annual basis, the partial repayment 
of the 5.125% Notes due October 2024 (the “5.125% Notes”) in 2022 will decrease Interest expense, net by approximately $4.

The use of cash in 2021 was primarily related to the repayments on the aggregate outstanding principal amount of long-term 
debt of approximately $1,537, repurchase of common stock of $430, premiums paid on the redemption of debt of $138, 
dividends paid to shareholders of $19, and debt issuance costs of $11. These items were partially offset by long-term debt 
issuance of $700 and proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options of $22.

The use of cash in 2020 was primarily related to the repayments on borrowings under certain revolving credit facilities (see 
below) and repayments on debt, primarily the aggregate outstanding principal amount of the 6.150% Notes of approximately 
$2,040, cash distributed to Arconic Corporation at the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction of $500, repurchase of common 
stock of $73, debt issuance costs of $61, premiums paid on the redemption of debt of $59, and dividends paid to shareholders of 
$11. These items were partially offset by long-term debt issuance of $2,400 (of which $1,200 went with Arconic Corporation at 
the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction) and proceeds from the exercise of employee stock options of $33.

The Company has an effective shelf registration statement on Form S-3, filed with the SEC, which allows for offerings of debt 
securities from time to time. The Company may opportunistically issue new debt securities under such registration statement or 
otherwise in accordance with securities laws, including but not limited to in order to refinance existing indebtedness.

For further details regarding the Company’s debt and stock repurchases, see Note R and Note J, respectively, to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

27

The Company maintains a credit facility pursuant to its Five-Year Revolving Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with 
a syndicate of lenders and issuers named therein. Following the end of the covenant relief period on December 31, 2022, the 
restriction on common stock dividends and share repurchases under the Credit Agreement, along with certain covenants, no 
longer applies. See Note R to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary 
Data) of this Form 10-K.

The Company may in the future repurchase additional portions of its debt or equity securities from time to time, in either the 
open market or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable SEC and other legal requirements. The 
timing, prices, and sizes of purchases depend upon prevailing trading prices, general economic and market conditions, and other 
factors, including applicable securities laws. Such purchases may be completed by means of trading plans established from time 
to time in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, block trades, private 
transactions, open market repurchases, tender offers, and/or accelerated share repurchase agreements or other derivative 
transactions.

The Company’s costs of borrowing and ability to access the capital markets are affected not only by market conditions but also 
by the short-term and long-term debt ratings assigned to the Company by the major credit rating agencies.

The Company's credit ratings from the three major credit rating agencies are as follows: 

S&P Ratings Service

Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”)

Fitch Investors Service (“Fitch”)

Issuer Rating
BB+

Ba1

BBB-

Outlook
Stable

Stable

Stable

Date of Last Update
November 29, 2022

April 27, 2022

March 22, 2022

On November 29, 2022, S&P affirmed the following ratings for Howmet: long-term debt at BB+ and the current outlook as 
stable.

On April 27, 2022, Moody’s upgraded Howmet’s long-term debt rating from Ba2 to Ba1 citing the Company’s ability to 
improve its financial leverage, strong cash generation, and well-balanced financial policies and affirmed the current outlook as 
stable.

On March 22, 2022, Fitch affirmed the following ratings for Howmet: long-term debt at BBB- and the current outlook as stable.

Investing Activities

Cash used for investing activities was $135 in 2022 compared with cash provided from investing activities of $107 in 2021 and 
$271 in 2020.

The use of cash in 2022 was capital expenditures of $193 primarily related to various automation projects, information 
technology upgrades, and sustaining capital projects across all segments, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of assets of 
$58, which was primarily due to the sale of the corporate center and a manufacturing facility in Engine Products. In the second 
quarter of 2022, the Company sold the corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh, PA. The proceeds from the sale of the corporate 
headquarters were $44, excluding $3 of transaction costs, and a carrying value of $41. The Company entered into a 12-year 
lease with the purchaser for a portion of the property. Additionally, in the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company sold the 
property of an Engine Products segment’s manufacturing facility. The proceeds from the sale of this property were $15 and a 
carrying value of $7. 

The source of cash in 2021 was primarily cash receipts from sold receivables of $267 and proceeds from the sale of a small 
manufacturing plant in France of $8 and the sale of assets at a small U.S. manufacturing facility in Fastening Systems of $23, 
partially offset by capital expenditures of $199 primarily related to capacity expansion investments in Hungary and Mexico in 
Forged Wheels and various automation projects. As a result of accounts receivables securitization program changes in 2021, 
there was no additional activity related to cash receipts from sold receivables within investing activities in the Statement of 
Consolidated Cash Flows in future periods. The net cash funding from the sale of accounts receivable was neither a use of cash 
nor a source of cash during 2022.

The source of cash in 2020 was primarily cash receipts from sold receivables of $422 and proceeds from the sale of a rolling 
mill business in Itapissuma, Brazil of $50 and a hard alloy extrusions plant in South Korea of $62, both of which were related to 
Arconic Corporation (see Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and 
Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K), partially offset by capital expenditures of $267.

28

 
Contractual Obligations and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Contractual Obligations

Howmet is required to make future payments under various contracts, including long-term purchase obligations, financing 
arrangements, and lease agreements. Howmet also has commitments to fund its pension plans, provide payments for other 
postretirement benefit plans, and fund capital projects. 

In order to better understand Howmet’s outstanding contractual obligations, the table below represents a summary of these 
commitments as of December 31, 2022 (these contractual obligations are grouped in the same manner as they are classified in 
the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows in order to provide a better understanding of the nature of the obligations and to 
provide a basis for comparison to historical information):

Total

2023

2024-2025

2026-2027

Thereafter

Operating activities:

Raw material purchase obligations

$ 

413  $ 

257  $ 

154  $ 

2  $ 

Other purchase obligations

Operating leases

Interest related to total debt

Estimated minimum required pension funding  

Other postretirement benefit payments

Layoff and other restructuring payments

Uncertain tax positions

Financing activities:

Total debt

Investing activities:

Capital projects

Totals

Obligations for Operating Activities

8 

134 

1,413 

325 

102 

8 

1 

4,181 

8 

39 

227 

45 

11 

2 

— 

— 

— 

47 

376 

132 

22 

6 

— 

— 

24 

238 

148 

21 

— 

— 

— 

— 

24 

572 

— 

48 

— 

1 

1,681 

625 

1,875 

156 

125 

31 

— 

— 

$ 

6,741  $ 

714  $ 

2,449  $ 

1,058  $ 

2,520 

Raw material purchase obligations consist mostly of aluminum, titanium, cobalt, nickel, and various other metals with 
expiration dates ranging from less than one year to five years. Many of these purchase obligations contain variable pricing 
components, and, as a result, actual cash payments may differ from the estimates provided in the preceding table. The Company 
generally passes through metal costs in customer contracts with limited exceptions. As a result, the Company expects higher 
metal costs to contribute to increased sales in 2023. In connection with the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, the Company 
entered into several agreements with Arconic Corporation that govern the relationship between the Company and Arconic 
Corporation following the separation, including raw material supply agreements. 

Operating leases represent multi-year obligations for certain land and buildings, plant equipment, vehicles, and computer 
equipment.

Interest related to total debt is based on interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2022 and is calculated on debt with maturities 
that extend to 2042. 

Estimated minimum required pension funding and other postretirement benefit payments are based on actuarial estimates using 
current assumptions for discount rates, long-term rate of return on plan assets, and health care cost trend rates, among others. It 
is Howmet’s policy to fund amounts for pension plans sufficient to meet the minimum requirements set forth in the benefits 
laws and tax laws of the applicable country. Periodically, Howmet contributes additional amounts as deemed appropriate. 
Howmet has determined that it is not practicable to present pension funding and other postretirement benefit payments beyond 
2027 and 2032, respectively.

Layoff and other restructuring payments to be paid within one year primarily relate to severance costs.

Uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on an income tax return may result in additional payments to tax 
authorities. The amount in the preceding table includes interest and penalties accrued related to such positions as of 
December 31, 2022. The total amount of uncertain tax positions is included in the “Thereafter” column as the Company is not 
able to reasonably estimate the timing of potential future payments. If a tax authority agrees with the tax position taken or 
expected to be taken or the applicable statute of limitations expires, then additional payments will not be necessary. Tax 
assessments received may also result in payments to be made in order to preserve our right to appeal any tax positions 
challenged by tax authorities for which we have concluded that we are more likely than not to prevail.

29

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contingencies such as legal proceedings and environmental matters may also result in additional cash payments. The timing of 
these payments, if necessary, depends on several factors, including the timing of litigation and settlements of liability claims. 
Accordingly, amounts have not been included in the preceding table. See Note V to the Consolidated Financial Statements in 
Part II, Item 8 (Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K for further discussion.

Obligations for Financing Activities

Howmet has historically paid quarterly dividends on its preferred and common stock. The Company paid an aggregate of $44 in 
common stock and preferred stock dividends to shareholders during 2022. Because all dividends are subject to approval by 
Howmet’s Board of Directors, amounts are not included in the preceding table unless such authorization has occurred. As of 
December 31, 2022, there were 412,155,057 shares of outstanding common stock and 546,024 shares of outstanding Class A 
preferred stock. In 2022, the preferred stock dividend was $3.75 per share. A dividend of $0.10 per share on the Company’s 
common stock was paid in 2022 ($0.02 per share in each of the first, second, and third quarters of 2022 and $0.04 in the fourth 
quarter of 2022). Fully diluted shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 were 418,011,145.

The Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $1,500 of the Company's outstanding 
common stock. After giving effect to the share repurchases made through the fourth quarter of 2022, approximately $947 Board 
authorization remained available as of January 1, 2023. There is no stated expiration for the Share Repurchase Programs. 
Accordingly, amounts have not been included in the preceding table. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional 
information.

Obligations for Investing Activities

Capital projects in the preceding table only include amounts approved by management as of December 31, 2022. Funding levels 
may vary in future years based on anticipated construction schedules of the projects. It is expected that significant expansion 
projects will be funded through various sources, including cash provided from operations. Total capital expenditures are 
anticipated to be approximately 4% of sales in 2023.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At December 31, 2022, the Company had outstanding bank guarantees related to tax matters, outstanding debt, workers’ 
compensation, environmental obligations, energy contracts, and customs duties, among others. The total amount committed 
under these guarantees, which expire at various dates between 2023 and 2040, was $13 at December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, between Howmet and Alcoa Corporation, 
Howmet was required to provide certain guarantees for Alcoa Corporation, which had a combined fair value of $6 at both 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, and were included in Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits in the Consolidated 
Balance Sheet. The remaining guarantee, for which the Company and Arconic Corporation are secondarily liable in the event of 
a payment default by Alcoa Corporation, relates to a long-term energy supply agreement that expires in 2047 at an Alcoa 
Corporation facility. The Company currently views the risk of an Alcoa Corporation payment default on its obligations under 
the contract to be remote. The Company and Arconic Corporation are required to provide a guarantee up to an estimated present 
value amount of approximately $1,040 and $1,406 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in the event of an Alcoa 
Corporation payment default. In December 2020, December 2021, and December 2022, a surety bond with a limit of $80 
relating to this guarantee was obtained by Alcoa Corporation to protect Howmet's obligation. This surety bond is expected to be 
renewed on an annual basis by Alcoa Corporation.

Howmet has outstanding letters of credit primarily related to workers’ compensation, environmental obligations, and insurance 
obligations. The total amount committed under these letters of credit, which automatically renew or expire at various dates, 
mostly in 2023, was $120 at December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreements between the Company and Arconic Corporation and between the 
Company and Alcoa Corporation, the Company is required to retain letters of credit of $53 (which are included in the $120 in 
the above paragraph) that had previously been provided related to the Company, Arconic Corporation, and Alcoa Corporation 
workers’ compensation claims that occurred prior to the respective separation transactions of April 1, 2020 and November 1, 
2016. Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation workers’ compensation and letter of credit fees paid by the Company are 
proportionally billed to, and are reimbursed by, Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation, respectively. Also, the Company 
was required to provide letters of credit for certain Arconic Corporation environmental obligations and, as a result, the 
Company has $17 of outstanding letters of credit relating to such liabilities (which are included in the $120 in the above 
paragraph). Arconic Corporation has issued surety bonds to cover these environmental obligations. Arconic Corporation is 
being billed for these letter of credit fees paid by the Company and will reimburse the Company for any payments made under 
these letters of credit.

30

Howmet has outstanding surety bonds primarily related to tax matters, contract performance, workers’ compensation, 
environmental-related matters, energy contracts, and customs duties. The total amount committed under these annual surety 
bonds, which expire and automatically renew at various dates, primarily in 2023 and 2024, was $43 at December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreements between the Company and Arconic Corporation and between the 
Company and Alcoa Corporation, the Company is required to provide surety bonds of $22 (which are included in the $43 in the 
above paragraph) that had previously been provided related to the Company, Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation 
workers’ compensation claims paid that occurred prior to the respective separation transactions of April 1, 2020 and 
November 1, 2016. Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation workers’ compensation claims and surety bond fees paid by 
the Company are proportionally billed to, and are reimbursed by, Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the 
United States of America requires management to make certain judgments, estimates, and assumptions regarding uncertainties 
that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosed in the accompanying Notes. These 
estimates are based on historical experience and, in some cases, assumptions based on current and future market experience, 
including considerations relating to the impact of COVID-19 and changes in the aerospace industry as a result of the pandemic. 
The impact of these changes is rapidly changing and of unknown duration and macroeconomic impact and, as a result, these 
conditions remain highly uncertain. Areas that require significant judgments, estimates, and assumptions include the testing of 
goodwill, properties, plants, and equipment, and other intangible assets for impairment; estimating fair value of businesses 
acquired or divested; pension plans and other postretirement benefits obligations; stock-based compensation; and income taxes.

Management uses historical experience and all available information to make these judgments, estimates, and assumptions, and 
actual results may differ from those used to prepare the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements at any given time. 
Despite these inherent limitations, management believes that Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition 
and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes provide a meaningful and fair 
perspective of the Company.

A summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies is included in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements of 
this Form 10-K. Management believes that the application of these policies on a consistent basis enables the Company to 
provide the users of the Consolidated Financial Statements with useful and reliable information about the Company’s operating 
results and financial condition.

Goodwill. Howmet reviews goodwill for impairment annually (in the fourth quarter) or more frequently if indicators of 
impairment exist or if a decision is made to sell or realign a business. The Company has the option to assess impairment 
through qualitative assessment, which includes factors such as general economic conditions, negative developments in equity 
and credit markets, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity operates, increases in input costs that have a negative 
effect on earnings and cash flows, or a trend of negative or declining cash flows over multiple periods, among others. Howmet 
can also assess goodwill impairment through a quantitative analysis, using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to estimate a 
reporting unit’s fair value. Assumptions and estimates utilized in the DCF model include weighted average cost of capital 
(“WACC”) rates, revenue, future profitability, working capital, cash flows and a number of other items. For more information 
on these matters, see Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K. 

Properties, Plants, and Equipment and Other Intangible Assets. Properties, plants, and equipment and Other intangible 
assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of such 
assets (asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is determined by comparing the estimated undiscounted 
net cash flows of the operations related to the assets (asset group) to their carrying amount. An impairment loss would be 
recognized when the carrying amount of the assets (asset group) exceeds the estimated undiscounted net cash flows. The 
amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is measured as the excess of the carrying value of the assets (asset group) over 
their fair value, with fair value determined using the best information available, which generally is a DCF model. The 
determination of what constitutes an asset group, the associated estimated undiscounted net cash flows, and the estimated useful 
lives of the assets also require significant judgments.

Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale. The fair values of all businesses to be divested are estimated using 
accepted valuation techniques such as a DCF model, valuations performed by third parties, earnings multiples, or indicative 
bids, when available. A number of significant estimates and assumptions are involved in the application of these techniques, 
including the forecasting of markets and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs and expenses, and multiple other factors. 
Management considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates are made; however, the fair 
value that is ultimately realized upon the divestiture of a business may differ from the estimated fair value reflected in the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

31

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits. Liabilities and expenses for pension and other postretirement benefits are 
determined using actuarial methodologies and incorporate significant assumptions, including the interest rate used to discount 
the future estimated liability, the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, and several assumptions relating to the 
employee workforce (health care cost trend rates, retirement age, and mortality). The pension and other postretirement benefits 
obligation was $1,719 and $2,461, with a funded status of $(749) and $(930) at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The 
total benefit obligation reduction of $742 was primarily driven by changes in discount rate. The improvement in the funded 
status of $181 was primarily driven by changes in discount rates partially offset by actual asset losses in comparison to expected 
asset returns. Excluding settlements and curtailments, net periodic benefit cost of pension and other postretirement benefits is 
expected to be approximately $40 in 2023 compared to $22 and $16 in 2022 and 2021, respectively. These costs increased by 
$6, or 38%, in 2022 compared to 2021 as a result of changes in discount rates and annuity purchases.

Employer contributions for pension benefits were $43 and $96 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. 
No additional employer contributions for pension benefits were required for the pension settlements in 2022. Benefits paid for 
other postretirement benefits were $13 and $17 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Total pension 
contributions and other postretirement benefits paid decreased by $57, or 50%, in 2022 compared to 2021 primarily driven by 
additional 2021 contributions related to annuity buyouts and funding balances of the plans. Cash pension contributions in 2023 
are expected to be approximately $45. Howmet’s funded status under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act was 
approximately 87% as of January 1, 2022.

The interest rate used to discount future estimated liabilities for the U.S. is determined using a Company-specific yield curve 
model (above-median) developed with the assistance of an external actuary, while both the U.K. and Canada utilize models 
developed by the respective actuary. The cash flows of the plans’ projected benefit obligations are discounted using a single 
equivalent rate derived from yields on high quality corporate bonds, which represent a broad diversification of issuers in 
various sectors, including finance and banking, industrials, transportation, and utilities, among others. The yield curve models 
parallel the plans’ projected cash flows, which have a global average duration of 10 years. The underlying cash flows of the 
bonds included in the models exceed the cash flows needed to satisfy the Company’s plans’ obligations multiple times. In 2022, 
2021, and 2020, the discount rate used to determine benefit obligations for pension and other postretirement benefit plans was 
5.40%, 2.70%, and 2.40%, respectively. The impact on the liabilities of a change in the discount rate of 1/4 of 1% would be 
approximately $36 and either a charge or credit of less than $1 to earnings in the following year.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is generally applied to a five-year market-related value of plan assets. The 
process used by management to develop this assumption is one that relies on a combination of historical asset return 
information and forward-looking returns by asset class. As it relates to historical asset return information, management focuses 
on various historical moving averages when developing this assumption. While consideration is given to recent performance 
and historical returns, the assumption represents a long-term, prospective return. Management also incorporates expected future 
returns on current and planned asset allocations using information from various external investment managers and consultants, 
as well as management’s own judgment.

For 2022, 2021, and 2020, management used 6.70%, 6.20%, and 6.00%, respectively, as its weighted-average global expected 
long-term rate of return on plan assets, which was based on the prevailing and planned strategic asset allocations, as well as 
estimates of future returns by asset class for each plan. These rates were within the respective range of the 20-year moving 
average of actual performance and the expected future return developed by asset class for each plan. The increase in expected 
long-term rate of return of plan assets compared to prior years is due to current asset allocations and estimates of future returns 
by country. For 2023, management anticipates that the expected long-term rate of return for global plan assets will remain at 
approximately 7%. A change in the assumption for the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets of 1/4 of 1% would 
impact earnings by approximately $3 for 2023.

In 2022, net income of $146 (after-tax) was recorded in other comprehensive loss, primarily due to the increase in the discount 
rate and amortization of actuarial losses, partially offset by plan asset returns that were less than expected. In 2021, net income 
of $181 (after-tax) was recorded in other comprehensive loss, primarily due to the increase in the discount rate, plan asset 
performance that was greater than expected, and amortization of actuarial losses. In 2020, a net loss of $46 (after-tax) was 
recorded in other comprehensive loss, primarily due to the decrease in the discount rate, partially offset by plan asset 
performance that was greater than expected, and amortization of actuarial losses.

32

Stock-Based Compensation. Howmet recognizes compensation expense for employee equity grants using the non-substantive 
vesting period approach, in which the expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair 
value. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The fair value of new stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a 
lattice-pricing model. The fair value of performance awards containing a market condition is valued using a Monte Carlo 
valuation model. Determining the fair value at the grant date requires judgment, including estimates for the average risk-free 
interest rate, dividend yield, volatility, and exercise behavior. These assumptions may differ significantly between grant dates 
because of changes in the actual results of these inputs that occur over time.

Compensation expense recorded in 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $54 ($49 after-tax), $40 ($36 after-tax), and $46 ($42 after-tax), 
respectively. 

Income Taxes. The provision (benefit) for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for 
income taxes. Under this approach, the provision (benefit) for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable (or 
received or receivable) based on current year pre-tax income plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes 
represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or 
paid, and result from differences between the financial and tax bases of Howmet’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for 
changes in tax rates and tax laws when enacted.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be 
realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all potential sources of taxable income, 
including income available in carry-back periods, future reversals of taxable temporary differences, projections of taxable 
income, and income from tax planning strategies, as well as all available positive and negative evidence. Positive evidence 
includes factors such as a history of profitable operations, projections of future profitability within the carryforward period, 
including from tax planning strategies, and Howmet’s experience with similar operations. Existing favorable contracts and the 
ability to sell products into established markets are additional positive evidence. Negative evidence includes items such as 
cumulative losses, projections of future losses, or carryforward periods that are not long enough to allow for the utilization of a 
deferred tax asset based on existing projections of income. Deferred tax assets for which no valuation allowance is recorded 
may not be realized upon changes in facts and circumstances, resulting in a future charge to establish a valuation allowance. 
Existing valuation allowances are re-examined under the same standards of positive and negative evidence. If it is determined 
that it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be realized, the appropriate amount of the valuation allowance, if any, 
is released. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are also re-measured to reflect changes in underlying tax rates due to law changes 
and the granting and lapse of tax holidays.

It is Howmet’s policy to apply a tax law ordering approach when considering the need for a valuation allowance on net 
operating losses expected to offset GILTI inclusions. Under this approach, reductions in cash tax savings are not considered as 
part of the valuation allowance assessment. Instead, future GILTI inclusions are considered a source of taxable income that 
support the realizability of deferred tax assets.

It is Howmet’s policy to treat taxes due from future inclusions in U.S. taxable income related to GILTI as a current period 
expense when incurred.

Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return are recorded when such benefits 
meet a more likely than not threshold. Otherwise, these tax benefits are recorded when a tax position has been effectively 
settled, which means that the statute of limitations has expired or the appropriate taxing authority has completed their 
examination even though the statute of limitations remains open. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are 
recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and are accrued beginning in the period that such interest and penalties 
would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized.

Litigation and Contingent Liabilities. From time to time, we are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, and 
proceedings. These matters may include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. Management 
determines the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome based on many factors, such as the nature of the matter, available defenses 
and case strategy, progress of the matter, views and opinions of legal counsel and other advisors, applicability and success of 
appeals processes, and the outcome of similar historical matters, among others. If an unfavorable outcome is deemed probable 
and the amount of the potential loss can be estimated, the most reasonable loss estimate is recorded. If an unfavorable outcome 
of a matter is deemed probable but the loss is not reasonably estimable, or if an unfavorable outcome is deemed reasonably 
possible, then the matter is disclosed but no liability is recorded. Legal matters are reviewed on a continuous basis to determine 
if there has been a change in management’s judgment regarding the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the estimate of a 
potential loss. For more information on these matters, see Note V to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 
(Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

33

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance. 

See the Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance section of Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 
(Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance. 

See the Recently Issued Accounting Guidance section of Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 
(Financial Statements and Supplementary Data) of this Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not material.

34

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Management’s Reports to Howmet Shareholders

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 238)

Statement of Consolidated Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Statement of Consolidated Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2022 and 2021

Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Statement of Changes in Consolidated Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Page

36

37

39

40

41

42

43

44

35

Management’s Report on Financial Statements and Practices

Management’s Reports to Howmet Shareholders

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of Howmet Aerospace Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) were 
prepared by management, which is responsible for their integrity and objectivity. The statements were prepared in accordance 
with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and include amounts that are based on 
management’s best judgments and estimates. The other financial information included in the annual report is consistent with 
that in the financial statements.

Management also recognizes its responsibility for conducting the Company’s affairs according to the highest standards of 
personal and corporate conduct. This responsibility is characterized and reflected in key policy statements issued from time to 
time regarding, among other things, conduct of its business activities within the laws of the host countries in which the 
Company operates and potentially conflicting outside business interests of its employees. The Company maintains a systematic 
program to assess compliance with these policies.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. 
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-
Oxley Act, management has conducted an assessment, including testing, using the criteria in Internal Control—Integrated 
Framework (2013), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). The 
Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to 
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of 
America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of 
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial 
statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Based on the assessment, management has concluded that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial 
reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included 
herein.

/s/ John C. Plant
John C. Plant
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

/s/ Ken Giacobbe
Ken Giacobbe
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

36

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Howmet Aerospace Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Howmet Aerospace Inc. and its subsidiaries (the 
“Company”) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of changes in equity, of 
comprehensive income and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, including the 
related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal 
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated 
Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the 
three years in the period ended December 31, 2022 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United 
States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over 
financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) 
issued by the COSO.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal 
control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included 
in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express 
opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting 
based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United 
States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, 
whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material 
respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement 
of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. 
Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated 
financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by 
management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal 
control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the 
risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based 
on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures 
that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and 
dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit 
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and 
expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the 
company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or 
disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, 
projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate 
because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

37

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial 
statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or 
disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or 
complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated 
financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate 
opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Goodwill Impairment Assessment – Engineered Structures Reporting Unit

As described in Notes A and P to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated goodwill balance was 
$4,013 million as of December 31, 2022, and the amount of the goodwill associated with the Engineered Structures reporting 
unit was $304 million. Goodwill is reviewed for impairment annually (in the fourth quarter) or more frequently if indicators of 
impairment exist. Under the quantitative impairment test, the evaluation of impairment involves comparing the current fair 
value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value is estimated by management using a discounted 
cash flow model. The determination of fair value using this technique requires management to use significant estimates and 
assumptions related to forecasting operating cash flows, including sales growth, production costs, capital spending and discount 
rate.  

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the goodwill impairment assessment 
of the Engineered Structures reporting unit is a critical audit matter are the significant judgment by management when 
determining the fair value of the reporting unit. This in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity, and effort in 
performing procedures and evaluating management’s significant assumptions related to sales growth, production costs, and 
discount rate. In addition, the audit effort involved the use of professionals with specialized skill and knowledge.  

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall 
opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to 
management’s goodwill impairment assessment, including controls over the valuation of the Company’s Engineered Structures 
reporting unit. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing management’s process for determining the fair value of 
the reporting unit; (ii) evaluating the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; (iii) testing the completeness and 
accuracy of underlying data used in the model; and (iv) evaluating the reasonableness of the significant assumptions used by 
management related to sales growth, production costs, and discount rate. Evaluating management’s significant assumptions 
related to sales growth and production costs involved evaluating whether the significant assumptions used by management were 
reasonable by considering: (i) the current and past performance of the reporting unit; (ii) the consistency with relevant industry 
data; and (iii) considering whether the assumptions were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. 
Professionals with specialized skill and knowledge were used to assist in the evaluation of the discounted cash flow model and 
the evaluation of the reasonableness of the discount rate significant assumption.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
February 14, 2023

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1950.

38

Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Operations
(in millions, except per-share amounts) 

For the year ended December 31,
Sales (D)

Cost of goods sold (exclusive of expenses below)

Selling, general administrative, and other expenses

Research and development expenses

Provision for depreciation and amortization

Restructuring and other charges (E)

Operating income

Loss on debt redemption (R)

Interest expense, net (F)

Other expense, net (G)

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

Provision (benefit) for income taxes (I)

Income from continuing operations after income taxes

Income from discontinued operations after income taxes (C)

Net income

Amounts Attributable to Howmet Aerospace Inc. Common Shareholders (K):
Net income

Earnings per share - basic

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Earnings per share - diluted

Continuing operations

Discontinued operations

Average Shares Outstanding (J):

Average shares outstanding - basic

Average shares outstanding - diluted

2022

2021

2020

$ 

5,663  $ 

4,972  $ 

4,103 

3,596 

5,259 

3,878 

288 

32 

265 

56 

919 

2 

229 

82 

606 

137 

251 

17 

270 

90 

748 

146 

259 

19 

324 

66 

469  $ 

258  $ 

— 

— 

469  $ 

258  $ 

277 

17 

279 

182 

626 

64 

317 

74 

171 

(40) 

211 

50 

261 

467  $ 

256  $ 

259 

1.12  $ 

0.60  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

1.11  $ 

0.59  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

416 

421 

430 

435 

0.48 

0.11 

0.48 

0.11 

435 

439 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

39

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Comprehensive Income
(in millions) 

For the year ended December 31,
Net income

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (L):

2022

2021

2020

$ 

469  $ 

258  $ 

261 

Change in unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service cost (benefit) 
related to pension and other postretirement benefits

Foreign currency translation adjustments 

Net change in unrecognized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges

Total Other comprehensive income, net of tax 
Comprehensive income

146 

(131) 

7 

22 

181 

(96) 

(5) 

80 

$ 

491  $ 

338  $ 

(46) 

58 

4 

16 

277 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(in millions)

December 31,
Assets
Current assets:

Cash and cash equivalents
Receivables from customers, less allowances of $1 in 2022 and $— in 2021 (M)
Other receivables (M)
Inventories (N)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Total current assets

Properties, plants, and equipment, net (O)
Goodwill (A and P)
Deferred income taxes (I)
Intangibles, net (P)
Other noncurrent assets (A and Q)

Total assets

Liabilities
Current liabilities:

Accounts payable, trade
Accrued compensation and retirement costs
Taxes, including income taxes
Accrued interest payable
Other current liabilities (A and Q)
Short-term debt (R and S)
Total current liabilities

Long-term debt, less amount due within one year (R and S)
Accrued pension benefits (H)
Accrued other postretirement benefits (H)
Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits (A and Q)

Total liabilities

Contingencies and commitments (V)
Equity
Howmet Aerospace Inc. shareholders’ equity:

Preferred stock (J)
Common stock (J)
Additional capital (J)
Retained earnings (A)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (A and L)
Total equity

Total liabilities and equity

2022

2021

791  $ 
506 
31 
1,609 
206 
3,143 
2,332 
4,013 
54 
521 
192 
10,255  $ 

962  $ 
195 
48 
75 
202 
— 
1,482 
4,162 
633 
109 
268 
6,654 

720 
367 
53 
1,402 
195 
2,737 
2,467 
4,067 
184 
549 
215 
10,219 

732 
198 
61 
74 
183 
5 
1,253 
4,227 
771 
153 
307 
6,711 

55 
412 
3,947 
1,028 
(1,841) 
3,601 
10,255  $ 

55 
422 
4,291 
603 
(1,863) 
3,508 
10,219 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows
(in millions)

2022

2021

2020

$ 

469  $ 

258  $ 

261 

For the year ended December 31,
Operating activities 
Net income
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operations:
Depreciation and amortization
Deferred income taxes
Restructuring and other charges
Net realized and unrealized losses
Net periodic pension cost (H)
Stock-based compensation
Loss on debt redemption (R)

Other
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions, divestitures, 
and foreign currency translation adjustments:

Increase in receivables
(Increase) decrease in inventories
(Increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, trade
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses 
(Decrease) increase in taxes, including income taxes
Pension contributions 
Decrease (increase) in noncurrent assets
Decrease in noncurrent liabilities
Cash provided from operations

Financing Activities

Net change in short-term borrowings
Additions to debt (R)
Repurchases and payments on debt (R)
Debt issuance costs (C and R)
Premiums paid on early redemption of debt (R)
Repurchase of common stock (J)
Proceeds from exercise of employee stock options
Dividends paid to shareholders (J)
Net cash transferred to Arconic Corporation at separation
Other

Cash used for financing activities

Investing Activities

Capital expenditures (D and T)
Proceeds from the sale of assets and businesses (O and U)
Sales of debt securities
Cash receipts from sold receivables (M)
Other

Cash (used for) provided from investing activities 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year

$ 

265 
79 
56 
18 
24 
54 
2 
12 

(161) 
(234) 
(6) 
246 
23 
(12) 
(43) 
1 
(60) 
733 

(5) 
— 
(69) 
— 
(2) 
(400) 
16 
(44) 
— 
(22) 
(526) 

(193) 
58 
— 
— 
— 
(135) 
(2) 
70 
722 
792  $ 

270 
38 
90 
9 
18 
41 
146 
20 

(337) 
60 
11 
144 
(146) 
(41) 
(96) 
(13) 
(23) 
449 

(9) 
700 
(1,538) 
(11) 
(138) 
(430) 
22 
(19) 
— 
(21) 
(1,444) 

(199) 
32 
6 
267 
1 
107 
(1) 
(889) 
1,611 

722  $ 

338 
2 
164 
8 
51 
45 
64 
(5) 

(238) 
74 
(2) 
(381) 
(217) 
98 
(257) 
39 
(35) 
9 

(15) 
2,400 
(2,043) 
(61) 
(59) 
(73) 
33 
(11) 
(500) 
(40) 
(369) 

(267) 
114 
— 
422 
2 
271 
(3) 
(92) 
1,703 
1,611 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

42

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Statement of Changes in Consolidated Equity
(in millions, except per-share amounts)
Howmet Shareholders

Preferred
stock

Common
stock

Additional
capital

Retained 
earnings 
(Accumulated 
deficit)

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
loss

Noncontrolling
interests

Total
equity

Balance at December 31, 2019
Net income
Other comprehensive income (L)
Cash dividends declared:

Preferred–Class A @ $3.75 per share
Common @ $0.02 per share

Repurchase and retirement of common stock (J)
Stock-based compensation (J)
Common stock issued: compensation plans (J)
Distributions to Arconic Corporation (C)
Balance at December 31, 2020
Net income
Other comprehensive income (L)
Cash dividends declared:

Preferred–Class A @ $3.75 per share
Common @ $0.04 per share

Repurchase and retirement of common stock (J)
Stock-based compensation (J)
Common stock issued: compensation plans (J)
Balance at December 31, 2021
Net income
Other comprehensive income (L)
Cash dividends declared:

Preferred–Class A @ $3.75 per share
Common @ $0.10 per share

Repurchase and retirement of common stock (J)
Stock-based compensation (J)
Common stock issued: compensation plans (J)
Balance at December 31, 2022

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

55  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
55  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
55  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
55  $ 

433  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
(3)   
—   
3   
—   
433  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
(13)   
—   
2   
422  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
(12)   
—   
2   
412  $ 

7,319  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
(70)   
45   
(9)   
(2,617)   
4,668  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
(417)   
40   
—   
4,291  $ 
— 
—   

—   
—   
(388)   
54   
(10)   
3,947  $ 

113  $ 
261   
—   

(2)   
(8)   
—   
—   
—   
—   
364  $ 
258   
—   

(2)   
(17)   
—   
—   
—   
603  $ 
469  
—   

(2)   
(42)   
—   
—   
—   
1,028  $ 

(3,329)  $ 

—   
16   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
1,370   
(1,943)  $ 

—   
80   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
(1,863)  $ 
—   
22   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
(1,841)  $ 

14  $ 
—   
—   

4,605 
261 
16 

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
(14)   
—  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—  $ 
—   
—   

—   
—   
—   
—   
—   
—  $ 

(2) 
(8) 
(73) 
45 
(6) 
(1,261) 
3,577 
258 
80 

(2) 
(17) 
(430) 
40 
2 
3,508 
469 
22 

(2) 
(42) 
(400) 
54 
(8) 
3,601 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Howmet Aerospace Inc. and subsidiaries
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
(dollars in millions, except share and per-share amounts)

A. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation. The Consolidated Financial Statements of Howmet Aerospace Inc. (formerly known as Arconic Inc.) 
and subsidiaries (“Howmet” or the “Company” or “we” or “our”) are prepared in conformity with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and require management to make certain judgments, estimates, 
and assumptions. These estimates are based on historical experience and, in some cases, assumptions based on current and 
future market experience, including considerations relating to the impact of COVID-19 and changes in the aerospace industry 
as a result of the pandemic. The impact of these changes is rapidly changing and of unknown duration and macroeconomic 
impact and, as a result, these conditions remain highly uncertain. We have made our best estimates using all relevant 
information available at the time, but it is possible that our estimates will differ from our actual results and affect the 
Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods and potentially require adverse adjustments to the recoverability of 
goodwill, intangible and long-lived assets, the realizability of deferred tax assets, and other judgments and estimations and 
assumptions. These may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and 
liabilities at the date of the financial statements. They also may affect the reported amounts of sales and expenses during the 
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates upon subsequent resolution of identified matters. Certain 
amounts in previously issued financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

The separation of Arconic Inc. into two standalone, publicly-traded companies, Howmet Aerospace Inc. and Arconic 
Corporation, (the “Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction”) occurred on April 1, 2020. The Engineered Products and Forgings 
(“EP&F”) segment remained in the existing company, which was renamed Howmet Aerospace Inc. The Global Rolled Products 
(“GRP”) segment was spun off and was named Arconic Corporation. In the second quarter of 2020, in conjunction with the 
Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, the Company realigned its operations by separating the former EP&F segment into four 
new segments: Engine Products, Fastening Systems, Engineered Structures and Forged Wheels. See Note D for further details.

The financial results of Arconic Corporation for all periods prior to the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction have been 
retrospectively reflected in the Statement of Consolidated Operations as discontinued operations and, as such, have been 
excluded from continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. The cash flows, comprehensive income, and 
equity related to Arconic Corporation have not been segregated and are included in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows, 
Statement of Consolidated Comprehensive Income, and Statement of Changes in Consolidated Equity, respectively, for all 
periods prior to the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction. See Note C for additional information related to the Arconic Inc. 
Separation Transaction and discontinued operations.

The Company derived approximately 46%, 41%, and 49% of its revenue from products sold to the commercial aerospace 
market for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, which is substantially less than the pre-pandemic 
2019 annual rate of approximately 60%. Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the commercial aerospace 
industry to date, there has been a decrease in domestic and international air travel, which in turn has adversely affected demand 
for narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. Although domestic air travel now approximates pre-pandemic levels, China domestic 
air travel is still below pre-pandemic 2019 levels on an average monthly basis in 2022. International travel also continues to be 
lower than pre-pandemic 2019 levels. We expect commercial aerospace growth to continue with narrow-body demand returning 
faster than wide-body demand. The commercial wide-body aircraft market is taking longer to recover, which is creating a shift 
in our product mix compared to pre-pandemic conditions. In addition to the impact from the pandemic, the timing and level of 
future aircraft builds by original equipment manufacturers are subject to changes and uncertainties, such as declines in Boeing 
787 production rates due to delays in its recertification, which may cause our future results to differ from prior periods due to 
changes in product mix in certain segments.

Principles of Consolidation. The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Howmet Aerospace Inc. and 
companies in which Howmet Aerospace Inc. has a controlling interest. Intercompany transactions have been eliminated. 
Investments in affiliates in which Howmet Aerospace Inc. cannot exercise significant influence that do not have readily 
determinable fair values are accounted for at cost less impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price 
changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer.

Management also evaluates whether a Howmet Aerospace Inc. entity or interest is a variable interest entity and whether 
Howmet Aerospace Inc. is the primary beneficiary. Consolidation is required if both of these criteria are met. Howmet 
Aerospace Inc. does not have any variable interest entities requiring consolidation.

Cash Equivalents. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less.

44

Inventory Valuation. Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value with the cost of inventories determined 
under a combination of the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”), last-in, first-out (“LIFO”), and average-cost methods. See Note N for 
further details.

Properties, Plants, and Equipment. Properties, plants, and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is recorded 
principally on the straight-line method at rates based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. 

The following table details the weighted-average useful lives of structures and machinery and equipment by reporting segment 
(numbers in years):

Structures

Machinery and equipment

   Engine Products

   Fastening Systems

   Engineered Structures

   Forged Wheels

30

27

28

28

17

17

19

18

Gains or losses from the sale of asset groups or properties are generally recorded in Restructuring and other charges while the 
sale of individual assets are recorded in Other expense, net (see policy below for assets classified as held for sale and 
discontinued operations). Repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Interest related to the construction of 
qualifying assets is capitalized as part of the construction costs.

Properties, plants, and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the 
carrying amount of such assets (asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is determined by comparing the 
estimated undiscounted net cash flows of the operations related to the assets (asset group) to their carrying amount. An 
impairment loss would be recognized when the carrying amount of the assets (asset group) exceeds the estimated undiscounted 
net cash flows. The amount of the impairment loss to be recorded is measured as the excess of the carrying value of the assets 
(asset group) over their fair value, with fair value determined using the best information available, which generally is a 
discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. The determination of what constitutes an asset group, the associated estimated 
undiscounted net cash flows, and the estimated useful lives of the assets also require significant judgments. See Note O for 
further details.

Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized; instead, it is reviewed for impairment annually (in the fourth quarter) or more frequently 
if indicators of impairment exist or if a decision is made to sell or realign a business. A significant amount of judgment is 
involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include deterioration in general 
economic conditions, negative developments in equity and credit markets, adverse changes in the markets in which an entity 
operates, increases in input costs that have a negative effect on earnings and cash flows, or a trend of negative or declining cash 
flows over multiple periods, among others. The fair value that could be realized in an actual transaction may differ from that 
used to evaluate the impairment of goodwill.

Goodwill is allocated among and evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit level, which is defined as an operating segment 
or one level below an operating segment. Howmet has four reporting units composed of the Engine Products, Fastening 
Systems, Engineered Structures, and Forged Wheels segments.

Howmet determines annually, based on facts and circumstances, which of its reporting units will be subject to the qualitative 
assessment. Under the qualitative assessment, various events and circumstances (similar to the impairment indicators above) 
that would affect the estimated fair value of a reporting unit are identified to determine if a quantitative assessment should be 
performed. Management also considers the most recent forecasted cash flows and discount rates in determining if the prior fair 
value measurement estimate may be reduced to a level that would indicate impairment is more likely than not and compares the 
weighted average cost of capital (“WACC”) between the current and prior years for each reporting unit. If management 
concludes it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying 
amount, we will proceed directly to the quantitative impairment test. Howmet will periodically refresh a reporting unit’s fair 
value measurement and is based upon a number of factors, including how much fair value exceeded carrying value in the most 
recent quantitative assessment and the reporting unit’s recent performance. Our policy is that a quantitative impairment test be 
performed for each reporting unit at least once during every three-year period. For those reporting units where a qualitative 
assessment is either not performed or for which the conclusion is that an impairment is more likely than not, a quantitative 
impairment test will be performed.

Other Intangible Assets. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized while intangible assets with finite 
useful lives are amortized generally on a straight-line basis over the periods benefited. 

45

The following table details the weighted-average useful lives of software and other intangible assets by reporting segment 
(numbers in years):

Software

Other intangible assets

   Engine Products

   Fastening Systems

   Engineered Structures

   Forged Wheels

7

6

4

4

32

23

18

25

Leases. The Company determines whether a contract contains a lease at inception. The Company leases land and buildings, 
plant equipment, vehicles, and computer equipment which have been classified as operating leases. Certain real estate leases 
include one or more options to renew; the exercise of lease renewal options is at the Company’s discretion. The Company 
includes renewal option periods in the lease term when it is determined that the options are reasonably certain to be exercised. 
Certain of Howmet's real estate lease agreements include rental payments that either have fixed contractual increases over time 
or adjust periodically for inflation. Certain of the Company's lease agreements include variable lease payments. The variable 
portion of payments is not included in the initial measurement of the right-of-use asset or lease liability due to the uncertainty of 
the payment amount and is recorded as lease cost in the period incurred. The Company also rents or subleases certain real estate 
to third parties, which is not material to the consolidated financial statements.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities with an initial term greater than 12 months are recorded on the balance 
sheet at the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the lease commencement date and are 
recognized as lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company uses an incremental collateralized 
borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future 
payments, as most of its leases do not provide an implicit rate. The operating lease right-of-use assets also include any lease 
prepayments made and are reduced by lease incentives and accrued exit costs.

Environmental Matters. Expenditures for current operations are expensed or capitalized, as appropriate. Expenditures relating 
to existing conditions caused by past operations, which will not contribute to future sales, are expensed. Liabilities are recorded 
when remediation costs are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The liability may include costs such as site 
investigations, consultant fees, feasibility studies, outside contractors, and monitoring expenses. Estimates are generally not 
discounted or reduced by potential claims for recovery. Claims for recovery are recognized when probable and as agreements 
are reached with third parties. The estimates also include costs related to other potentially responsible parties to the extent that 
Howmet has reason to believe such parties will not fully pay their proportionate share. The liability is continuously reviewed 
and adjusted to reflect current remediation progress, prospective estimates of required activity, and other factors that may be 
relevant, including changes in technology or regulations.

Litigation and Contingent Liabilities. From time to time, we are involved in various lawsuits, claims, investigations, and 
proceedings. These matters may include speculative claims for substantial or indeterminate amounts of damages. Management 
determines the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome based on many factors, such as the nature of the matter, available defenses 
and case strategy, progress of the matter, views and opinions of legal counsel and other advisors, applicability and success of 
appeals processes, and the outcome of similar historical matters, among others. If an unfavorable outcome is deemed probable 
and the amount of the potential loss can be estimated, the most reasonable loss estimate is recorded. If an unfavorable outcome 
of a matter is deemed probable but the loss is not reasonably estimable, or if an unfavorable outcome is deemed reasonably 
possible, then the matter is disclosed but no liability is recorded. Legal matters are reviewed on a continuous basis to determine 
if there has been a change in management’s judgment regarding the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome or the estimate of a 
potential loss.

Revenue Recognition. The Company's contracts with customers are comprised of acknowledged purchase orders incorporating 
the Company’s standard terms and conditions, or for larger customers, may also generally include terms under negotiated multi-
year agreements. These contracts with customers typically consist of the manufacture of products which represent single 
performance obligations that are satisfied upon transfer of control of the product to the customer. The Company produces 
fastening systems; seamless rolled rings; investment castings, including airfoils; extruded, machined and formed aircraft parts; 
and forged aluminum commercial vehicle wheels. Transfer of control is assessed based on alternative use of the products we 
produce and our enforceable right to payment for performance to date under the contract terms. Transfer of control and revenue 
recognition generally occur upon shipment or delivery of the product, which is when title, ownership and risk of loss pass to the 
customer and is based on the applicable shipping terms. The shipping terms vary across all businesses and depend on the 
product, the country of origin, and the type of transportation (truck, train, or vessel). An invoice for payment is issued at time of 
shipment. Our segments set commercial terms on which Howmet sells products to its customers. These terms are influenced by 
industry custom, market conditions, product line (specialty versus commodity products), and other considerations.

46

In certain circumstances, Howmet receives advanced payments from its customers for product to be delivered in future periods. 
These advanced payments are recorded as deferred revenue until the product is delivered and title and risk of loss have passed 
to the customer in accordance with the terms of the contract. Deferred revenue is included in Other current liabilities and Other 
noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Advanced payments were $32 and $46 at 
December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes is determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income 
taxes. Under this approach, the provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable (or received or receivable) 
for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences 
expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid, and result from differences between 
the financial and tax bases of Howmet’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when 
enacted.

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that a tax 
benefit will not be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all potential sources of 
taxable income, including income available in carryback periods, future reversals of taxable temporary differences, projections 
of taxable income, and income from tax planning strategies, as well as all available positive and negative evidence. Positive 
evidence includes factors such as a history of profitable operations, projections of future profitability within the carryforward 
period, including from tax planning strategies, and Howmet’s experience with similar operations. Existing favorable contracts 
and the ability to sell products into established markets are additional positive evidence. Negative evidence includes items such 
as cumulative losses, projections of future losses, or carryforward periods that are not long enough to allow for the utilization of 
a deferred tax asset based on existing projections of income. Deferred tax assets for which no valuation allowance is recorded 
may not be realized upon changes in facts and circumstances, resulting in a future charge to establish a valuation allowance. 
Existing valuation allowances are re-examined under the same standards of positive and negative evidence. If it is determined 
that it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be realized, the appropriate amount of the valuation allowance, if any, 
is released. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are also remeasured to reflect changes in underlying tax rates due to law changes 
and the granting and lapse of tax holidays.

It is Howmet’s policy to apply a tax law ordering approach when considering the need for a valuation allowance on net 
operating losses expected to offset Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) income inclusions. Under this approach, 
reductions in cash tax savings are not considered as part of the valuation allowance assessment. Instead, future GILTI 
inclusions are considered a source of taxable income that support the realizability of deferred tax assets.

It is Howmet’s policy to treat taxes due from future inclusions in United States (“U.S.”) taxable income related to GILTI as a 
current period expense when incurred.

Tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return are recorded when such benefits 
meet a more likely than not threshold. Otherwise, these tax benefits are recorded when a tax position has been effectively 
settled, which means that the statute of limitations has expired or the appropriate taxing authority has completed their 
examination even though the statute of limitations remains open. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are 
recognized as part of the provision for income taxes and are accrued beginning in the period that such interest and penalties 
would be applicable under relevant tax law until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized.

Stock-Based Compensation. Howmet recognizes compensation expense for employee equity grants using the non-substantive 
vesting period approach, in which the expense is recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the grant date fair 
value. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The fair value of new stock options is estimated on the date of grant using a 
lattice-pricing model. The fair value of performance awards containing a market condition is valued using a Monte Carlo 
valuation model. Determining the fair value at the grant date requires judgment, including estimates for the average risk-free 
interest rate, dividend yield, volatility, and exercise behavior. These assumptions may differ significantly between grant dates 
because of changes in the actual results of these inputs that occur over time.

Foreign Currency. The local currency is the functional currency for Howmet’s significant operations outside the U.S., except 
for certain operations in Canada, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), and France, where the U.S. dollar is used as the functional 
currency. The determination of the functional currency for Howmet’s operations is made based on the appropriate economic 
and management indicators.

47

Acquisitions. Howmet’s business acquisitions are accounted for using the acquisition method. The purchase price is allocated 
to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. Any excess purchase price over the fair value 
of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. For all acquisitions, operating results are included in the Statement of 
Consolidated Operations from the date of the acquisition.

Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale. For those businesses where management has committed to a plan to 
divest, each business is valued at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. If the carrying amount 
of the business exceeds its estimated fair value, an impairment loss is recognized. Fair value is estimated using accepted 
valuation techniques such as a DCF model, valuations performed by third parties, earnings multiples, or indicative bids, when 
available. A number of significant estimates and assumptions are involved in the application of these techniques, including the 
forecasting of markets and market share, sales volumes and prices, costs and expenses, and multiple other factors. Management 
considers historical experience and all available information at the time the estimates are made; however, the fair value that is 
ultimately realized upon the divestiture of a business may differ from the estimated fair value reflected in the Consolidated 
Financial Statements. Depreciation and amortization expense is not recorded on assets of a business to be divested once they are 
classified as held for sale. Businesses to be divested are generally classified in the Consolidated Financial Statements as either 
discontinued operations or held for sale.

For businesses classified as discontinued operations, the balance sheet amounts and results of operations are reclassified from 
their historical presentation to assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and to 
discontinued operations on the Statement of Consolidated Operations, respectively, for all periods presented. The gains or 
losses associated with these divested businesses are recorded in discontinued operations on the Statement of Consolidated 
Operations. The Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows is not required to be reclassified for discontinued operations for any 
period. Segment information does not include the assets or operating results of businesses classified as discontinued operations 
for all periods presented. These businesses are expected to be disposed of within one year.

For businesses classified as held for sale that do not qualify for discontinued operations treatment, the balance sheet and cash 
flow amounts are reclassified from their historical presentation to assets and liabilities of operations held for sale for all periods 
presented. The results of operations continue to be reported in continuing operations. The gains or losses associated with these 
divested businesses are recorded in Restructuring and other charges on the Statement of Consolidated Operations. The segment 
information includes the assets and operating results of businesses classified as held for sale for all periods presented.

B. Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Guidance

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance. 

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted changes issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that were 
intended to simplify various aspects of accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions contained in existing 
guidance and amending other guidance to simplify several other income tax accounting matters. The adoption of this new 
guidance did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

On January 1, 2020, the Company adopted changes issued by the FASB related to the impairment model for expected credit 
losses. The new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) is based on expected losses 
rather than incurred losses. The Company recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. The CECL model 
applies to most debt instruments, trade receivables, lease receivables, financial guarantee contracts, and other loan commitments 
and requires the measurement of expected credit losses on assets including those that have a low risk of loss. The adoption of 
this new guidance did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued guidance that impacts disclosures for defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement 
benefit plans. These changes became effective for Howmet's annual report for the year ended December 31, 2020 which did not 
have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Guidance. 

In September 2022, the FASB issued guidance to enhance the transparency of disclosures regarding supplier finance programs. 
These changes become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those 
fiscal years, except for the amendment on rollforward information, which is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 
15, 2023. Management is currently evaluating the impact of these changes on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

48

In March 2020, the FASB issued amendments that provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, 
hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform, if certain criteria are met. The amendments 
apply only to contracts and hedging relationships that reference London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another 
reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform. These amendments are effective immediately and may 
be applied prospectively to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated on or before 
December 31, 2022. In December 2022, the FASB deferred the sunset date to December 31, 2024. In February 2023, the 
Company amended its Five-Year Revolving Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with the term secured overnight financing rate 
(“Term SOFR”) as the reference rate for U.S. dollar-denominated loans (See Note R). Management has concluded that the 
impact of these changes is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

C. Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction and Discontinued Operations

On April 1, 2020, the Company completed the separation of its business into two independent, publicly-traded companies, 
which was effected by the distribution (the “Distribution”) by the Company of all of the outstanding common stock of Arconic 
Corporation to the Company’s stockholders. Following the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, Arconic Corporation held the 
Global Rolled Products businesses (global rolled products, aluminum extrusions, and building and construction systems) 
previously held by the Company. The Company retained the Engineered Products and Forgings businesses (engine products, 
fastening systems, engineered structures, and forged wheels).

In connection with the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, the Company entered into several agreements with Arconic 
Corporation, including the following: a Separation and Distribution Agreement, Tax Matters Agreement, Employee Matters 
Agreement, certain Patent, Know-How, Trade Secret License and Trademark License Agreements, and Raw Material Supply 
Agreements.

On February 7, 2020, Arconic Corporation completed an offering of $600 aggregate principal amount of 6.125% senior secured 
second-lien notes due 2028. On March 25, 2020, Arconic Corporation entered into a credit agreement which provided for a 
$600 aggregate principal amount seven-year senior secured first-lien loan B facility and a revolving credit facility which is 
guaranteed by certain of Arconic Corporation's wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and secured on a first-priority basis by 
liens on substantially all assets of Arconic Corporation and subsidiary guarantors. Arconic Corporation used the proceeds to 
make payment to the Company to fund the transfer of certain assets to Arconic Corporation relating to the Arconic Inc. 
Separation Transaction and for general corporate purposes. The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $45 associated with 
these issuances for the first quarter of 2020 and year ended December 31, 2020.

On February 1, 2020, the Company completed the sale of its rolling mill in Itapissuma, Brazil for $50 in cash, which resulted in 
a loss of $59, of which $53 was recognized in Restructuring and other charges within discontinued operations in the second half 
of 2019 and $6 in the first quarter of 2020 and year ended December 31, 2020. On March 1, 2020, the Company sold its hard 
alloy extrusions plant in South Korea for $62 in cash, which resulted in a gain that was recognized in Restructuring and other 
charges within discontinued operations in the first quarter of 2020 and year ended December 31, 2020.

Discontinued Operations

The results of operations of Arconic Corporation are presented as Income from discontinued operations after income taxes in 
the Statement of Consolidated Operations as summarized below:   

Year ended December 31,
2020

Sales

Cost of goods sold

Selling, general administrative, research and development and other expenses

Provision for depreciation and amortization 

Restructuring and other credits

Operating income from discontinued operations

Interest expense, net

Other expense, net
Income from discontinued operations
Provision for income taxes
Income from discontinued operations after income taxes 

$ 

$ 

1,575 

1,293 

106 

58 

(18) 

136 

7 

41 
88 
38 
50 

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table presents purchases of properties, plants, and equipment, proceeds from the sale of businesses, and the 
provision for depreciation and amortization of discontinued operations related to Arconic Corporation:

Capital expenditures

Proceeds from the sales of businesses

Provision for depreciation and amortization

Year ended December 31,
2020

$ 

72 

112 

58 

On April 1, 2020, management evaluated the net assets of Arconic Corporation for potential impairment and determined that no 
impairment charge was required.

The cash flows and equity related to Arconic Corporation have not been segregated and are included in the Statement of 
Consolidated Cash Flows or Statement of Comprehensive Income for all periods presented prior to the Arconic Inc. Separation 
Transaction.

D. Segment and Geographic Area Information

Howmet is a global leader in lightweight metals engineering and manufacturing. Howmet’s innovative, multi-material products, 
which include nickel, titanium, aluminum, and cobalt, are used worldwide in the aerospace (commercial and defense), 
commercial transportation, and industrial and other markets. Segment performance under Howmet’s management reporting 
system is evaluated based on a number of factors; however, the primary measure of performance is Segment Adjusted 
EBITDA. Prior to the first quarter of 2022, the Company used Segment operating profit as its primary measure of performance. 
However, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer believes that Segment Adjusted EBITDA is now a better representation of its 
business because it provides additional information with respect to the Company’s operating performance and the Company’s 
ability to meet its financial obligations. Howmet’s definition of Segment Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, 
depreciation, and amortization) is net margin plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin is equivalent to 
Sales minus the following items: Cost of goods sold; Selling, general administrative, and other expenses; Research and 
development expenses; and Provision for depreciation and amortization. Special items, including Restructuring and other 
charges, are excluded from Net margin and Segment Adjusted EBITDA. Segment Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to 
similarly titled measures of other companies. Differences between the total segment and consolidated totals are in Corporate. 

Following the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction, Howmet’s operations consist of four worldwide reportable segments as 
follows:

Engine Products

Engine Products produces investment castings, including airfoils, and seamless rolled rings primarily for aircraft engines and 
industrial gas turbines. Engine Products produces rotating parts as well as structural parts.

Fastening Systems

Fastening Systems produces aerospace fastening systems, as well as commercial transportation, industrial and other fasteners. 
The business’s high-tech, multi-material fastening systems are found nose to tail on aircraft and aero engines. Fastening 
Systems’ products are also critical components of commercial transportation vehicles, automobiles, construction and industrial 
equipment, and renewable energy sectors.

Engineered Structures

Engineered Structures produces titanium ingots and mill products for aerospace and defense applications and is vertically 
integrated to produce titanium forgings, extrusions, forming and machining services for airframe, wing, aero-engine, and 
landing gear components. Engineered Structures also produces aluminum forgings, nickel forgings, and aluminum machined 
components and assemblies for aerospace and defense applications.

Forged Wheels

Forged Wheels provides forged aluminum wheels and related products for heavy-duty trucks and the commercial transportation 
market.

50

 
 
The operating results and assets of the Company's reportable segments were as follows:

Year ended

Engine 
Products

Fastening 
Systems

Engineered 
Structures

Forged 
Wheels

Total
Segment

2022
Sales:

Third-party sales

Inter-segment sales

Total sales

Profit and loss:

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Restructuring and other charges

Provision for depreciation and amortization

Other:

Capital expenditures

Total assets

2021
Sales:

Third-party sales

Inter-segment sales

Total sales

Profit and loss:

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Restructuring and other charges

Provision for depreciation and amortization

Other:

Capital expenditures

Total assets

2020
Sales:

Third-party sales

Inter-segment sales
Total sales

Profit and loss:

Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Restructuring and other charges

Provision for depreciation and amortization

Other:

Capital expenditures

Total assets

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,698  $ 

1,117  $ 

790  $ 

1,058  $ 

5,663 

4 

— 

6 

— 

10 

2,702  $ 

1,117  $ 

796  $ 

1,058  $ 

5,673 

729  $ 

234  $ 

111  $ 

278  $ 

1,352 

29 

125 

8 

45 

7 

48 

2 

40 

$ 

94  $ 

39  $ 

17  $ 

28  $ 

4,784 

2,661 

1,273 

701 

46 

258 

178 

9,419 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,282  $ 

1,044  $ 

725  $ 

921  $ 

4,972 

4 

— 

6 

— 

10 

2,286  $ 

1,044  $ 

731  $ 

921  $ 

4,982 

564  $ 

239  $ 

103  $ 

294  $ 

1,200 

74 

124 

— 

49 

16 

49 

— 

39 

$ 

74  $ 

42  $ 

21  $ 

45  $ 

4,663 

2,635 

1,280 

684 

90 

261 

182 

9,262 

$ 

$ 

$ 

2,406  $ 
5 
2,411  $ 

1,245  $ 
— 
1,245  $ 

927  $ 
7 
934  $ 

679  $ 
— 
679  $ 

5,257 
12 
5,269 

540  $ 

295  $ 

125  $ 

192  $ 

1,152 

36 

123 

39 

48 

28 

52 

3 

39 

$ 

77  $ 

39  $ 

19  $ 

23  $ 

4,756 

2,707 

1,444 

628 

106 

262 

158 

9,535 

51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table reconciles Total segment capital expenditures, which are presented on an accrual basis, with Capital 
expenditures as presented on the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows. Differences between the total segment and 
consolidated totals are in Corporate and discontinued operations, including the impact of changes in accrued capital 
expenditures during the period.

For the year ended December 31,

Total segment capital expenditures
Corporate and discontinued operations

Capital expenditures

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

178  $ 

182  $ 

15 

17 

193  $ 

199  $ 

158 

109 

267 

The following tables reconcile certain segment information to consolidated totals. Differences between the total segment and 
consolidated totals are in Corporate.

For the year ended December 31,
Sales:

Total segment sales

Elimination of inter-segment sales

Corporate

Consolidated sales

For the year ended December 31,
Total Segment Adjusted EBITDA

Segment provision for depreciation and amortization

Unallocated amounts:

Restructuring and other charges

Corporate expense

Operating income

Loss on debt redemption

Interest expense, net

Other expense, net (V)

2022

2021

2020

5,673  $ 

4,982  $ 

(10) 

— 
5,663  $ 

(10) 

— 
4,972  $ 

5,269 

(12) 

2 
5,259 

2022

2021

2020

1,352  $ 
(258) 

1,200  $ 
(261) 

1,152 
(262) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(56) 

(119) 

(90) 

(101) 

$ 

919  $ 

748  $ 

(2) 

(229) 

(82) 

(146) 

(259) 

(19) 

(182) 

(82) 

626 

(64) 

(317) 

(74) 

171 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

$ 

606  $ 

324  $ 

December 31,
Assets:

Total segment assets
Unallocated amounts:
Cash and cash equivalents
Deferred income taxes
Corporate fixed assets, net
Fair value of derivative contracts
Accounts receivable securitization
Other

Consolidated assets

2022

2021

$ 

9,419  $ 

9,262 

791 
54 
91 
6 
(250) 
144 
10,255  $ 

720 
184 
133 
2 
(250) 
168 
10,219 

$ 

Segment assets include third-party receivables while the accounts receivable securitization item includes the impact of sold 
receivables under the Company's Accounts Receivable securitization programs. See Note M for further details.

52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Geographic information for sales was as follows (based upon the destination of the sale):

For the year ended December 31,
Sales:

United States

France

Japan

Germany

Mexico

United Kingdom

Italy

Canada

China

Poland

Other

2022

2021

2020

$ 

2,928  $ 

2,542  $ 

2,782 

394 

319 

292 

235 

228 

180 

138 

111 

96 

742 

330 

319 

257 

225 

213 

181 

127 

71 

77 

630 

327 

388 

309 

185 

231 

181 

119 

75 

76 

586 

5,259 

Geographic information for long-lived tangible assets was as follows (based upon the physical location of the assets):

$ 

5,663  $ 

4,972  $ 

December 31,
Long-lived assets:

United States

Hungary

France

United Kingdom

Germany

Mexico

China

Other

2022

2021

$ 

1,793  $ 

1,868 

193 

114 

107 

58 
58 

46 

74 

205 

127 

116 

66 
61 

53 

79 

$ 

2,443  $ 

2,575 

53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The following table disaggregates segment revenue by major market served. Differences between total segment and 
consolidated totals are in Corporate.

Year ended December 31, 2022
Aerospace - Commercial

Aerospace - Defense 

Commercial Transportation

Industrial and Other

Total end-market revenue

Year ended December 31, 2021

Aerospace - Commercial

Aerospace - Defense 

Commercial Transportation

Industrial and Other

Total end-market revenue

Year ended December 31, 2020

Aerospace - Commercial

Aerospace - Defense 

Commercial Transportation

Industrial and Other

Total end-market revenue

Engine 
Products

Fastening 
Systems

Engineered 
Structures

Forged 
Wheels

Total
Segment

$ 

1,495  $ 

616  $ 

495  $ 

—  $ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

526 

— 

677 

158 

225 

118 

239 

— 

56 

— 

1,058 

— 

2,698  $ 

1,117  $ 

790  $ 

1,058  $ 

1,105  $ 

537  $ 

387  $ 

—  $ 

523 

— 

654 

158 

208 

141 

270 

— 

68 

— 

921 

— 

2,282  $ 

1,044  $ 

725  $ 

921  $ 

1,247  $ 

808  $ 

542  $ 

—  $ 

557 

— 

602 

156 

155 

126 

303 

— 

82 

— 

679 

— 

2,606 

923 

1,283 

851 

5,663 

2,029 

951 

1,129 

863 

4,972 

2,597 

1,016 

834 

810 

$ 

2,406  $ 

1,245  $ 

927  $ 

679  $ 

5,257 

The Company derived 62%, 60%, and 69% of its revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, 
respectively, from aerospace (commercial and defense) markets.

General Electric Company and Raytheon Technologies Corporation represented approximately 12% and 9%, respectively, of 
the Company’s third-party sales for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily from the Engine Products segment.

E. Restructuring and Other Charges

Restructuring and other charges were comprised of the following:

For the year ended December 31,
Layoff costs

2022

2021

2020

$ 

—  $ 

7  $ 

Net reversals of previously recorded layoff reserves
Pension, other post-retirement benefits and deferred compensation - net 
settlement and curtailments
Non-cash asset impairments and accelerated depreciation

Net (gain) loss related to divestitures of assets and businesses (U)

Other

Restructuring and other charges

(1) 

58 

1 

(8) 

6 

(3) 

75 

15 

(8) 

4 

113 

(21) 

69 

5 

8 

8 

$ 

56  $ 

90  $ 

182 

Layoff costs were recorded based on approved detailed action plans submitted by the operating locations that specified 
positions to be eliminated, benefits to be paid under existing severance plans, union contracts or statutory requirements and the 
expected timetable for completion of the plans.

2022 Actions. In 2022, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $56, which included a $58 charge for U.S. and 
U.K. pension plans' settlement accounting; a $6 charge for various other exit costs, and a $1 charge for accelerated depreciation 
primarily related to the closure of small U.S. manufacturing facilities in Engineered Structures. These charges were partially 
offset by a gain of $8 on the sale of assets at a small U.S. manufacturing facility in Engine Products and a benefit of $1 related 
to the reversal of a number of layoff reserves related to prior periods. 

54

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021 Actions. In 2021, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $90, which included a $75 charge for U.K. and 
U.S. pension plans' settlement accounting; a $15 charge for accelerated depreciation primarily related to the closure of small 
U.S. manufacturing facilities in Engine Products and Fastening Systems; a $7 charge for layoff costs, including the separation 
of 253 employees (171 in Engineered Structures, 75 in Engine Products, 6 in Fastening Systems and 1 in Corporate); a $4 
charge for impairment of assets associated with an agreement to sell a small manufacturing business in France, and a $4 charge 
for various other exit costs. These charges were partially offset by a gain of $12 on the sale of assets at a small U.S. 
manufacturing facility in Fastening Systems and a benefit of $3 related to the reversal of a number of layoff reserves related to 
prior periods. 

As of December 31, 2022, 80 of the 253 employees were separated. The remaining separations for the 2021 restructuring 
programs are expected to be completed in 2023 with certain final payouts expected to occur in 2024.

2020 Actions. In 2020, Howmet recorded Restructuring and other charges of $182, which included a $113 charge for layoff 
costs, including the separation of 4,301 employees (1,706 in Engine Products, 1,675 in Fastening Systems, 805 in Engineered 
Structures, 92 in Forged Wheels and 23 in Corporate); a $69 net charge for Pension, Other postretirement benefits and deferred 
compensation - net settlement and curtailments, composed of a $74 charge for U.K. and U.S. pension plans' settlement 
accounting offset by a $3 benefit from the termination of a deferred compensation plan and a $2 curtailment benefit related to a 
postretirement plan; a $5 post-closing adjustment related to the sale of the Company’s U.K. forgings business (which was 
formerly part of the Engine Products segment); a $5 charge for impairment of assets associated with an agreement to sell an 
aerospace components business in the U.K. (within the Engineered Structures segment), which ultimately did not occur and the 
business was returned to held for use; $5 charge related to the impairment of a cost method investment; a $2 charge for 
accelerated depreciation; a $1 charge for impairment of assets due to a facility sale, and a $6 charge for various other exit costs. 
These charges were partially offset by a benefit of $21 related to the reversal of a number of prior period programs and a gain of 
$3 on the sale of assets.

As of December 31, 2022, the employee separations associated with the 2020 restructuring programs were essentially complete. 

Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges were as follows:

Reserve balances at December 31, 2019
2020 Activity

Cash payments

Restructuring and other charges
Other(1)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2020
2021 Activity

Cash payments

Restructuring and other charges
Other(2)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2021
2022 Activity

Cash payments

Restructuring and other charges
Other(3)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2022

Layoff
costs

Other
exit costs

Total

$ 

13  $ 

—  $ 

13 

(51) 

161 

(69) 

— 

21 

(21) 

54  $ 

—  $ 

(41)  $ 

79 

(75) 
17  $ 

(2)  $ 

11 

(7) 
2  $ 

(9)  $ 

(7)  $ 

56 

(58) 

— 

7 

6  $ 

2  $ 

(51) 

182 

(90) 

54 

(43) 

90 

(82) 
19 

(16) 

56 

(51) 

8 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(1)

In 2020, other for layoff costs included $74 in settlement accounting charges related to U.K. and U.S. pension plans, 
offset by a $3 benefit from the termination of a deferred compensation plan and a $2 curtailment benefit related to a 
postretirement plan; while other for other exit costs included a charge of $5 for impairment of assets; a $5 post-closing 
adjustment related to the sale of a business; a $5 charge related to the impairment of a cost method investment; a $2 
charge for accelerated depreciation; a $1 charge for impairment of assets due to a facility closure and a $6 charge for 
various other exit costs, which were offset by a gain of $3 on the sale of assets.

55

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2)

(3)

In 2021, other for layoff costs included $75 in settlement accounting charges related to U.K. and U.S. pension plans; 
while other for other exit costs included a charge of $15 for accelerated depreciation and a $4 charge for various other 
exit costs, which were offset by a gain of $12 on the sale of assets.

In 2022, other for layoff costs included $58 in settlement accounting charges related to U.S. and U.K. pension plans; 
while other for other exit costs included a gain of $8 on the sale of assets, which was offset by a $1 charge for 
accelerated depreciation.

The remaining reserves at December 31, 2022 are expected to be paid in cash during 2023 and 2024.

F. Interest Cost Components

For the year ended December 31,
Amount charged to interest expense, net

Loss on debt redemption (R)

Amount capitalized

 Total

G. Other Expense, Net 

For the year ended December 31,
Non-service costs - pension and other postretirement benefits (H)

Interest income

Foreign currency (gains) losses, net

Net realized and unrealized losses

Deferred compensation

Judgment from legal proceeding (V)
Other, net(1)
Total

$ 

$ 

$ 

2022

2021

2020

229  $ 

259  $ 

2 

6 

146 

8 

237  $ 

413  $ 

2022

2021

2020

16  $ 

(6) 

(1) 

18 

(8) 

65 

(2) 

9  $ 

(2) 

2 

9 

8 

— 

(7) 

$ 

82  $ 

19  $ 

317 

64 

11 

392 

26 

(5) 

(11) 

8 

10 

— 

46 

74 

(1)

In 2020, Other, net included a charge from the write-off of a tax indemnification receivable of $53 reflecting the 
aggregate of Alcoa Corporation’s 49% share and Arconic Corporation's 33.66% share of a Spanish tax reserve (see 
Note V).

H. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Howmet maintains pension plans covering U.S. employees and certain employees in foreign locations. Defined pension benefits 
generally depend on length of service and job grade. Substantially all benefits are paid through pension trusts that are 
sufficiently funded to ensure that all plans can pay benefits to retirees as they become due. Most salaried and non-bargaining 
hourly U.S. employees hired after March 1, 2006, participate in a defined contribution plan instead of a defined benefit plan.

Howmet also maintains health care and life insurance postretirement benefit plans covering eligible U.S. retired employees. 
Generally, the medical plans are unfunded and pay a percentage of medical expenses, reduced by deductibles and other 
coverage. Life benefits are generally provided by insurance contracts. Howmet retains the right, subject to existing agreements, 
to change or eliminate these benefits. Effective May 1, 2019, salaried and non-bargaining hourly U.S. employees and retirees 
are not eligible for postretirement life insurance benefits. Salaried and non-bargaining hourly U.S. employees that retire on or 
after January 1, 2022 are not eligible for any postretirement medical benefits. Certain previously retired salary and non-
bargaining hourly U.S. employees remain eligible for Medicare Part B reimbursement.

In 2022, a certain U.S. pension plan attained funding levels that allowed full lump sum payments. These payments resulted in 
settlement charges of $41 that were recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. 
Additionally, in 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Company applied settlement accounting to other U.S. and U.K. pension plans due to 
lump sum payments to participants, which resulted in settlement charges of $17, $12, and $8, respectively, that were recorded 
in Restructuring and other charges.

56

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In December 2022, the Canadian pension plan was amended to provide for termination of the plan. As a result, the Company 
recognized a reduction of $2 in the pension benefit obligation through curtailment, which was offset in Accumulated other 
comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The wind-up efforts and satisfaction of all plan liabilities are expected 
to be completed in 2023.

In 2021 and 2020, the Company undertook a number of actions to reduce pension obligations in the U.K. by offering lump sum 
payments to certain plan participants and entering into group annuity contracts with a third-party carrier to pay and administer 
future annuity payments. The Company applied settlement accounting to these U.K. pension plans, which resulted in settlement 
charges of $23 and $66, respectively, that were recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of Consolidated 
Operations. These actions reduced the number of pension plan participants in the U.K. by approximately 70%.

In 2020, the Company communicated to plan participants that for its U.S. salaried and non-bargained hourly retirees of the 
Company and its subsidiaries, it would eliminate certain health care subsidies effective December 31, 2021, and that for certain 
bargained retirees of the Company, it would eliminate certain health care subsidies effective December 31, 2021 and the life 
insurance benefit effective August 1, 2020. As a result of these amendments, the Company recorded a decrease to the Accrued 
other postretirement benefits liability of $6 in 2020, which was offset in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In the first quarter of 2021, the Company announced a plan administration change of certain of its Medicare-eligible 
prescription drug benefits to an Employer Group Waiver Plan with a wrap-around secondary plan effective July 1, 2021. The 
administration change is expected to reduce costs to the Company through the usage of Medicare Part D and drug manufacturer 
subsidies. Due to this amendment, along with the associated plan remeasurements, the Company recorded a decrease to its 
Accrued other postretirement benefits liability of $39, which was offset in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.

In October 2021, the Company undertook additional actions to reduce gross pension obligations by $125 by purchasing group 
annuity contracts with a third-party carrier to pay and administer future annuity payments. These actions resulted in a settlement 
charge of $34 and were recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2021 in the 
Statement of Consolidated Operations. The funded status of the plans have not been significantly impacted.

57

Obligations and Funded Status

December 31,
Change in benefit obligation

Pension benefits

Other
postretirement benefits

2022

2021

2022

2021

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

$ 

2,296  $ 

2,713  $ 

165  $ 

Service cost

Interest cost

Amendments
Actuarial gains(1)
Settlements

Curtailments

Benefits paid

Medicare Part D subsidy receipts

Foreign currency translation impact
Benefit obligation at end of year(2)

Change in plan assets(2)

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

Actual (loss) return on plan assets

Employer contributions

Benefits paid

Administrative expenses

Settlement payments

Foreign currency translation impact
Fair value of plan assets at end of year(2)

Funded status
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance 
Sheet consist of:

Noncurrent assets

Current liabilities

Noncurrent liabilities

Net amount recognized

Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other 
Comprehensive Loss consist of:

Net actuarial loss (gain)

Prior service cost (benefit)

Net amount recognized, before tax effect

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations 
recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss consist of:

Net actuarial benefit

Amortization of accumulated net actuarial loss

Prior service (benefit) cost

Amortization of prior service (cost) benefit

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4 

51 

— 

(553) 

(72) 

(2) 

(102) 

— 

(23) 

4 

47 

3 

(55)   

(275)   

— 

(140)   

— 

(1)   

2 

4 

— 

(38) 

— 

— 

(13) 

— 

— 

1,599  $ 

2,296  $ 

120  $ 

1,531  $ 

1,724  $ 

—  $ 

(383) 

43 

(87) 

(12) 

(98) 

(24) 

124 

96 

(123)   

(12)   

(277)   

(1)   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

970  $ 

(629)  $ 

1,531  $ 

(765)  $ 

—  $ 

(120)  $ 

20  $ 

(16) 

(633) 

(629)  $ 

22  $ 

(16)   

(771)   

(765)  $ 

907  $ 

1,067  $ 

2 

3 

909  $ 

1,070  $ 

(53)  $ 

(107) 

(1) 

— 

(81)  $ 

(125)   

3 

(7)   

—  $ 

(11) 

(109) 

(120)  $ 

(28)  $ 

(40) 

(68)  $ 

(38)  $ 

(1) 

— 

9 

Net amount recognized, before tax effect

$ 

(161)  $ 

(210)  $ 

(30)  $ 

215 

2 

5 

(31) 

(10) 

— 

— 

(17) 

1 

— 

165 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(165) 

— 

(12) 

(153) 

(165) 

11 

(49) 

(38) 

(10) 

— 

(31) 

9 

(32) 

(1)

(2)

At December 31, 2022, the actuarial gains impacting the benefit obligation were primarily due to changes in the 
discount rate as well as the alternative interest cost method, and other changes including census data.

At December 31, 2022, the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and funded status for U.S. pension plans were 
$1,459, $833, and $(626), respectively. At December 31, 2021, the benefit obligation, fair value of plan assets, and 
funded status for U.S. pension plans were $2,039, $1,278, and $(761), respectively.

58

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension Plan Benefit Obligations

Pension benefits

2022

2021

The projected benefit obligation and accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit 
pension plans were as follows:
Projected benefit obligation

$ 

1,599  $ 

Accumulated benefit obligation

The aggregate projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension plans 
with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

Projected benefit obligation

Fair value of plan assets

The aggregate accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension plans 
with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets were as follows:

1,598 

1,482 

833 

1,481 

833 

Accumulated benefit obligation

Fair value of plan assets

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

For the year ended December 31,
Service cost

Interest cost

Expected return on plan assets

Recognized net actuarial loss

Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)
Settlements(3)
Curtailments(4)

Net periodic benefit cost(5)

Discontinued operations

Net amount recognized in Statement of 
Consolidated Operations

$ 

$ 

Pension benefits(1)
2021

2020

2022

Other postretirement benefits(2)
2020
2021
2022

$ 

4  $ 

4  $ 

12  $ 

2  $ 

2  $ 

51 

(80) 

49 

— 

58 

— 

47 

(90) 

56 

1 

69 

6 

97 

(136)   

78 

— 

76 

— 

4 

— 

1 

(9) 

— 

— 

5 

— 

— 

(9) 

— 

— 

82  $ 

93  $ 

127  $ 

(2)  $ 

(2)  $ 

— 

— 

20 

— 

— 

82  $ 

93  $ 

107  $ 

(2)  $ 

(2)  $ 

2,296 

2,293 

1,982 

1,193 

1,981 

1,193 

3 

10 

— 

3 

(6) 

— 

(2) 

8 

6 

2 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

In 2022, 2021, and 2020, net periodic benefit cost for U.S. pension plans was $79, $61, and $58, respectively.

In 2021 and 2020, net periodic benefit cost for other postretirement benefits reflects a reduction of less than $1 and $1, 
respectively, related to the recognition of the federal subsidy awarded under Medicare Part D.

In 2022, settlements were related to U.S. and U.K. lump sum benefit payments. In 2021, settlements were related to 
U.S. and U.K. actions including the purchase of group annuity contracts and lump sum benefit payments. In 2020, 
settlements were related to U.K. actions including lump sum benefit payments and the purchase of group annuity 
contracts as well as U.S. lump sum benefit payments. See Note E for further details.

In 2021, the curtailment was due to plan termination. In 2020, the curtailment was due to workforce reductions.

Service cost was included within Cost of goods sold, Selling, general administrative, and other expenses; curtailments 
and settlements were included in Restructuring and other charges; and all other cost components were recorded in 
Other expense, net in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

59

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assumptions

Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for pension and other postretirement benefit plans were as 
follows:

December 31,
Discount rate

Cash balance plan interest crediting rate

2022

2021

 5.40 %

 3.00 %

 2.70 %

 3.00 %

The U.S. discount rate is determined using a Company-specific yield curve model (above-median) developed with the 
assistance of an external actuary, while both the U.K. and Canada utilize models developed internally by their respective 
actuary. The cash flows of the plans’ projected benefit obligations are discounted using a single equivalent rate derived from 
yields on high quality corporate bonds, which represent a broad diversification of issuers in various sectors, including finance 
and banking, industrials, transportation, and utilities, among others. The yield curve models parallel the plans’ projected cash 
flows, which have a global average duration of 10 years. The underlying cash flows of the bonds included in the models exceed 
the cash flows needed to satisfy the Company’s plans’ obligations multiple times. 

Benefit accruals for future compensation under the Company’s major salaried and non-bargained hourly defined benefit 
pension plans have ceased. The rate of compensation increase no longer impacts the determination of the benefit obligation. 

Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost for pension and other postretirement benefit plans 
were as follows:

Discount rate to calculate service cost(1)
Discount rate to calculate interest cost(1)
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets

Cash balance plan interest crediting rate

2022

2021

2020

 2.80 %

 2.50 %

 6.70 %

 3.00 %

 2.80 %

 2.10 %

 6.20 %

 3.00 %

 3.30 %

 2.70 %

 6.00 %

 3.00 %

(1)

In all periods presented, the respective global discount rates were used to determine net periodic benefit cost for most 
pension plans for the full annual period. The discount rates for certain plans were updated during 2022, 2021, and 2020 
to reflect the remeasurement of these plans due to settlements and/or curtailments. The weighted-average rates 
reflecting these remeasurements does not significantly differ from the rates presented.

The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets (“EROA”) is generally applied to a five-year market-related value of plan 
assets. The process used by management to develop this assumption is one that relies on a combination of historical asset return 
information and forward-looking returns by asset class. As it relates to historical asset return information, management focuses 
on various historical moving averages when developing this assumption. While consideration is given to recent performance 
and historical returns, the assumption represents a long-term, prospective return. Management also incorporates expected future 
returns on current and planned asset allocations using information from various external investment managers and consultants, 
as well as management’s own judgment.

For 2023, management anticipates that approximately 7% will continue to be the expected long-term rate of return for global 
plan assets. EROA assumptions are developed by country. Annual changes in the weighted average EROA are impacted by the 
relative size of the assets by country.

For 2022, 2021, and 2020, the U.S. expected long-term rate of return used by management was based on the prevailing and 
planned strategic asset allocations, as well as estimates of future returns by asset class. These rates were within the respective 
range of the 20-year moving average of actual performance and the expected future return developed by asset class. 

Assumed health care cost trend rates for U.S. other postretirement benefit plans were as follows:

Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year

Rate to which the cost trend rate gradually declines

2022

2021

2020

 5.50 %

 4.50 %

 5.50 %

 4.50 %

 5.50 %

 4.50 %

Year that the rate reaches the rate at which it is assumed to remain

2025

2024

2023

The assumed health care cost trend rate is used to measure the expected cost of gross eligible charges covered by Howmet’s 
other postretirement benefit plans. For 2023, a 5.50% trend rate will be used, reflecting management’s best estimate of the 
change in future health care costs covered by the plans. The plans’ actual annual health care cost trend experience over the past 
three years has ranged from 1.80% to 11.30%. Management does not believe this three-year range is indicative of expected 
increases for future health care costs over the long-term.

60

Plan Assets

Howmet’s pension plans’ investment policy at December 31, 2022 by asset class, were as follows:

Asset class
Equities

Fixed income

Other investments

Policy range(1)
20–55%

25–55%

15–35%

(1)

Policy range is for U.S. plan assets only, as both the U.K. and Canadian asset investment allocations are controlled by 
a third-party trustee with input from Howmet.

The principal objectives underlying the investment of the pension plans’ assets are to ensure that Howmet can properly fund 
benefit obligations as they become due under a broad range of potential economic and financial scenarios, maximize the long-
term investment return with an acceptable level of risk based on such obligations, and broadly diversify investments across and 
within various asset classes to protect asset values against adverse movements. Specific objectives for long-term investment 
strategy include reducing the volatility of pension assets relative to pension liabilities, and attaining and maintaining a 
sufficiently funded status. The use of derivative instruments is permitted where appropriate and necessary for achieving overall 
investment policy objectives. The investment strategy uses long duration cash bonds and derivative instruments to offset a 
portion of the interest rate sensitivity of U.S. pension liabilities. Exposure to broad equity risk is decreased and diversified 
through investments in hedge funds, private equity, private credit, private real estate, high-yield bonds, global and emerging 
market debt, and global and emerging market equities. Investments are further diversified by strategy, asset class, geography, 
and sector to enhance returns and mitigate downside risk. A large number of external investment managers are used to gain 
broad exposure to the financial markets and to mitigate manager-concentration risk.

Investment practices comply with the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) and other 
applicable laws and regulations.

The following section describes the valuation methodologies used to measure the fair value of pension plan assets, including an 
indication of the level in the fair value hierarchy in which each type of asset is generally classified (see Note S for the definition 
of fair value and a description of the fair value hierarchy).

Equities. These securities consist of: (i) direct investments in the stock of publicly traded U.S. and non-U.S. companies that are 
valued based on the closing price reported in an active market on which the individual securities are traded (generally classified 
in Level 1); (ii) the plans’ share of commingled funds that are invested in the stock of publicly traded companies and are valued 
at the net asset value of shares held at December 31 (included in Level 1 and Level 2); and (iii) direct investments in long/short 
equity hedge funds and private equity (limited partnerships and venture capital partnerships) that are valued at net asset value.

Fixed income. These securities consist of: (i) U.S. government debt that are generally valued using quoted prices (included in 
Level 1); (ii) cash and cash equivalents invested in publicly-traded funds and are valued based on the closing price reported in 
an active market on which the individual securities are traded (generally classified in Level 1); (iii) publicly traded U.S. and 
non-U.S. fixed interest obligations (principally corporate bonds and debentures) and are valued through consultation and 
evaluation with brokers in the institutional market using quoted prices and other observable market data (included in Level 2); 
(iv) fixed income derivatives that are generally valued using industry standard models with market-based observable inputs 
(included in Level 2); and (v) cash and cash equivalents invested in institutional funds and are valued at net asset value.

Other investments. These investments include, among others: (i) real estate investment trusts that are valued based on the 
quoted prices and other observable market data (included in Level 2) and (ii) direct investments of discretionary and systematic 
macro hedge funds and private real estate (includes limited partnerships) and are valued at net asset value.

The fair value methods described above may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. 
Additionally, while Howmet believes the valuation methods used by the plans’ trustees are appropriate and consistent with 
other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial 
instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

61

 
 
The following table presents the fair value of pension plan assets classified under the appropriate level of the fair value 
hierarchy or net asset value:

December 31, 2022
Equities:

Equity securities
Long/short equity hedge funds
Private equity

Fixed income:

Intermediate and long duration government/credit
Other

Other investments:

Real estate
Discretionary and systematic macro hedge funds
Other

Net plan assets(1)

December 31, 2021
Equities:

Equity securities

Long/short equity hedge funds

Private equity

Fixed income:

Intermediate and long duration government/credit

Other

Other investments:

Real estate

Discretionary and systematic macro hedge funds

Other

Net plan assets(2)

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Level 1

Level 2

Net Asset Value

Total

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 

107  $ 
6 
113  $ 

—  $ 
— 
— 
—  $ 
113  $ 

133  $ 
— 
— 
133  $ 

148  $ 
59 
207  $ 

3  $ 
— 
— 
3  $ 
343  $ 

283  $ 
18 
107 
408  $ 

—  $ 
— 
—  $ 

62  $ 
29 
7 
98  $ 
506  $ 

Level 1

Level 2

Net Asset Value

Total

2  $ 

197  $ 

409  $ 

— 

— 

— 

— 

60 

126 

2  $ 

197  $ 

595  $ 

124  $ 

15 

139  $ 

328  $ 

119 

447  $ 

—  $ 

— 

—  $ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

64  $ 

416 
18 
107 
541 

255 
65 
320 

65 
29 
7 
101 
962 

608 

60 

126 

794 

452 

134 

586 

64 

47 

23 

— 

— 

—  $ 

141  $ 

— 

— 

—  $ 

644  $ 

47 

23 

134  $ 

729  $ 

134 

1,514 

(1)

(2)

As of December 31, 2022, the total fair value of pension plans’ assets excludes a net receivable of $8, which represents 
securities purchased and sold but not yet settled plus interest and dividends earned on various investments.

As of December 31, 2021, the total fair value of pension plans’ assets excludes a net receivable of $17, which 
represents securities purchased and sold but not yet settled plus interest and dividends earned on various investments.

Funding and Cash Flows

It is Howmet’s policy to fund amounts for pension plans sufficient to meet the minimum requirements set forth in the benefits 
laws and tax laws of the applicable country. Periodically, Howmet contributes additional amounts as deemed appropriate. In 
2022 and 2021, cash contributions to Howmet’s pension plans were $43 and $96, respectively. The 2021 cash contributions 
include $12 that was contributed to the Company’s U.S. plans in excess of the minimum required under ERISA.

The contributions to the Company’s pension plans in 2023 are estimated to be $45 (of which $35 is for U.S. plans).

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due to the plan administration change of certain Medicare-eligible prescription drug benefits to an Employer Group Waiver 
Plan with a wrap-around secondary plan in 2021, there will be no direct Medicare Part D subsidy receipts going forward. 
Benefit payments expected to be paid to pension and other postretirement benefit plans’ participants are as follows utilizing the 
current assumptions outlined above:

For the year ended December 31,
2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028 - 2032

Defined Contribution Plans

Pension
benefits paid

$ 

144  $ 

129 

128 

126 

125 

581 

$ 

1,233  $ 

Other post-
retirement
benefits

11 

11 

11 

11 

10 

48 

102 

Howmet sponsors savings and investment plans in various countries, primarily in the U.S. Howmet’s contributions and 
expenses related to these plans were $76, $66, and $73 in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. U.S. employees may contribute a 
portion of their compensation to the plans, and Howmet matches a portion of these contributions in equivalent form of the 
investments elected by the employee. Additionally, for certain U.S. employees, Howmet makes a contribution of either a 
percentage of applicable eligible compensation or per hour worked.

I. Income Taxes

The components of income from continuing operations before income taxes were as follows:

For the year ended December 31,

United States

Foreign

 Total

2022

2021

2020

$ 

$ 

287  $ 

319 

606  $ 

28  $ 

296 

324  $ 

84 

87 

171 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

For the year ended December 31,
Current:

Federal(1)
Foreign

State and local

Deferred:

Federal

Foreign

State and local

2022

2021

2020

$ 

3  $ 

(9)  $ 

53 

— 

56 

71 

5 

5 

81 

39 

(2) 

28 

22 

11 

5 

38 

Total

(1)

Includes U.S. taxes related to foreign income.

$ 

137  $ 

66  $ 

(2) 

2 

(2) 

(2) 

(67) 

11 

18 

(38) 

(40) 

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate to Howmet’s effective tax rate was as follows (the effective tax rate for 2022 
and 2021 was a provision on income and for 2020 was a benefit on income):

For the year ended December 31,
U.S. federal statutory rate

Foreign tax rate differential
U.S. and residual tax on foreign earnings(1)
U.S. state and local taxes

Federal cost of state tax
Permanent differences related to asset disposals and items included in 
restructuring and other charges
Non-deductible officer compensation
Statutory tax rate and law changes(2)
Tax holidays
Tax credits(3)
Changes in valuation allowances(4)
Changes in uncertain tax positions(5)
Excess benefit for stock compensation
Prior year tax adjustments
Other

2022

2021

2020

 21.0 %

 0.1 

 1.2 

 0.7 

 (0.2) 

 — 

 1.2 

 0.1 

 (0.5) 

 (0.9) 

 1.4 

 — 

 (0.8) 

 (0.1) 
 (0.6) 

 21.0 %

 (0.7) 

 6.5 

 1.0 

 (0.3) 

 (0.3) 

 1.6 

 1.0 

 (0.4) 

 (10.4) 

 5.1 

 — 

 (0.3) 

 (3.7) 
 0.3 

 21.0 %

 (1.2) 

 5.6 

 2.2 

 (2.0) 

 6.8 

 3.5 

 (15.9) 

 (0.4) 

 (0.4) 

 74.8 

 (116.9) 

 (0.7) 

 (1.7) 
 1.9 

Effective tax rate

 22.6 %

 20.4 %

 (23.4) %

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

It is Howmet’s policy to treat taxes due from future inclusions in U.S. taxable income related to GILTI as a current 
period expense when incurred.

In 2020, final regulations were issued that provided an election to exclude from GILTI any foreign earnings subject to 
a local country tax rate of at least 90% of the U.S. tax rate. The Company recorded a $30 benefit related to this tax law 
change. 

In 2021, a $32 benefit for income tax credits related to development incentives in Hungary was recognized.

In 2020, a $104 valuation allowance was recorded related to deferred tax assets that were previously subject to a 
reserve that was otherwise released in 2020 as a result of a favorable Spanish tax case decision.

In 2020, the Company released a $64 reserve liability and a $104 reserve recorded as a contra balance against deferred 
tax assets as a result of a favorable Spanish tax case decision. A $30 benefit related to a previously uncertain U.S. tax 
position was also recognized in 2020.

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The components of net deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

December 31,
Depreciation
Employee benefits
Loss provisions
Deferred income/expense
Interest
Tax loss carryforwards
Tax credit carryforwards
Other

Valuation allowance

2022

2021

Deferred
tax
assets

Deferred
tax
liabilities

Deferred
tax
assets

Deferred
tax
liabilities

$ 

$ 

$ 

11  $ 
232 
26 
62 
99 
2,955 
268 
6 
3,659  $ 
(1,965) 
1,694  $ 

492  $ 
1 
1 
1,161 
— 
— 
— 
6 
1,661  $ 
— 
1,661  $ 

8  $ 

300 
20 
50 
105 
3,226 
358 
10 
4,077  $ 
(2,279) 
1,798  $ 

538 
3 
1 
1,098 
— 
— 
— 
7 
1,647 
— 
1,647 

The following table details the expiration periods of the deferred tax assets presented above:

December 31, 2022
Tax loss carryforwards
Tax credit carryforwards
Other(3)
Valuation allowance

Expires
within
10 years

Expires
within
11-20 years

No
Expiration(1)

$ 

$ 

362  $ 
196 
— 
(522) 

36  $ 

533  $ 
59 
— 
(234) 
358  $ 

2,060  $ 
13 
380 
(1,204) 
1,249  $ 

Other(2)

Total

—  $ 
— 
56 
(5) 
51  $ 

2,955 
268 
436 
(1,965) 
1,694 

(1)

(2)

(3)

Deferred tax assets with no expiration may still have annual limitations on utilization.

Other represents deferred tax assets whose expiration is dependent upon the reversal of the underlying temporary 
difference.

A substantial amount of Other deferred tax assets relates to employee benefits that will become deductible for tax 
purposes in jurisdictions with unlimited expiration over an extended period of time as contributions are made to 
employee benefit plans and payments are made to retirees.

The total deferred tax asset (net of valuation allowance) is supported by projections of future taxable income exclusive of 
reversing temporary differences (4%), and taxable temporary differences that reverse within the carryforward period (96%).

Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not (greater than 50%) that a tax 
benefit will not be realized. In evaluating the need for a valuation allowance, management considers all potential sources of 
taxable income, including income available in carryback periods, future reversals of taxable temporary differences, projections 
of taxable income, and income from tax planning strategies, as well as all available positive and negative evidence. Positive 
evidence includes factors such as a history of profitable operations, projections of future profitability within the carryforward 
period, including from tax planning strategies, and Howmet’s experience with similar operations. Existing favorable contracts 
and the ability to sell products into established markets are additional positive evidence. Negative evidence includes items such 
as cumulative losses, projections of future losses, or carryforward periods that are not long enough to allow for the utilization of 
a deferred tax asset based on existing projections of income. Deferred tax assets for which no valuation allowance is recorded 
may not be realized upon changes in facts and circumstances, resulting in a future charge to establish a valuation allowance. 
Existing valuation allowances are re-examined under the same standards of positive and negative evidence. If it is determined 
that it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will be realized, the appropriate amount of the valuation allowance, if any, 
is released. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are also remeasured to reflect changes in underlying tax rates due to law changes 
and the granting and lapse of tax holidays.

It is Howmet’s policy to apply a tax law ordering approach when considering the need for a valuation allowance on net 
operating losses expected to offset GILTI income inclusions. Under this approach, reductions in cash tax savings are not 
considered as part of the valuation allowance assessment. Instead, future GILTI inclusions are considered a source of taxable 
income that support the realizability of deferred tax assets.

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Howmet’s foreign tax credits in the U.S. have a 10-year carryforward period with expirations ranging from 2023 to 2027 (as of 
December 31, 2022). Valuation allowances were initially established in prior years on a portion of the foreign tax credit 
carryforwards, primarily due to insufficient foreign source income to allow for full utilization of the credits within the 
expiration period. Foreign tax credits of $68 and $22 expired at the end of 2022 and 2021, respectively, resulting in a 
corresponding decrease to the valuation allowance. In 2022, the Company decided to increase the valuation allowance by $12 in 
order to fully reserve the foreign tax credit carryover after weighing all available evidence including foreign source income 
projections. The valuation allowance was reduced in 2021 by $9 as a result of updated U.S. regulatory guidance concerning the 
utilization of foreign tax credits in connection with the one-time transition tax on the deemed repatriation of previously non-
taxed post-1986 earnings and profits of certain foreign subsidiaries enacted as part of the 2017 Act, and by $4 as a result of a 
corresponding reduction in the deferred tax asset related to suspended foreign tax credits. At December 31, 2022, the 
cumulative amount of the valuation allowance was $124. The need for this valuation allowance will be reassessed on a 
continuous basis in future periods and, as a result, the allowance may increase or decrease based on changes in facts and 
circumstances.

During 2021, the Company concluded that it would not pursue a deduction related to a capital investment for which a deferred 
tax asset of $9 and offsetting valuation allowance had previously been recorded. As such, both the deferred tax asset and the 
valuation allowance were eliminated. The need for valuation allowances against other capital investments will be reassessed on 
a continuing basis. As of December 31, 2022, there is no valuation allowance recorded related to capital investments.

The Company recorded a net $1 decrease, $3 increase, and $20 increase to U.S. state valuation allowances in 2022, 2021, and 
2020, respectively. After weighing all available positive and negative evidence, the Company determined the adjustments based 
on the underlying net deferred tax assets that were more likely than not realizable based on projected taxable income. Changes 
in fully reserved U.S. state tax losses, credits and other deferred tax assets resulting from expirations, audit adjustments, tax 
rate, and tax law changes also resulted in a corresponding net $142 decrease, $20 increase, and $58 decrease in the valuation 
allowance in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Valuation allowances of $489 remain against state deferred tax assets 
expected to expire before utilization. The need for valuation allowances against state deferred tax assets will be reassessed on a 
continuous basis in future periods and, as a result, the allowance may increase or decrease based on changes in facts and 
circumstances. 

In 2022, after weighing all available evidence, the Company released a $6 valuation allowance in the U.K. related to interest 
deduction carryforwards. In 2021, after weighing all available evidence, the Company recognized a discrete income tax cost to 
establish a valuation allowance of $8 in Switzerland. In 2020, the Company increased a valuation allowance by $104 as a result 
of releasing a tax reserve following a favorable Spanish tax case decision. The need for valuation allowances will be reassessed 
by entity and by jurisdiction on a continuous basis in future periods and, as a result, the allowances may increase or decrease 
based on changes in facts and circumstances.

The following table details the changes in the valuation allowance:

December 31,
Balance at beginning of year

Increase to allowance

Release of allowance

Tax apportionment, tax rate and tax law changes
Foreign currency translation

Balance at end of year

2022

2021

2020

$ 

2,279  $ 

2,307  $ 

2,121 

40 

(154) 

(110) 
(90) 

113 

(94) 

63 
(110) 

136 

(50) 

(23) 
123 

$ 

1,965  $ 

2,279  $ 

2,307 

Foreign U.S. GAAP earnings that have not otherwise been subject to U.S. tax, will generally be exempt from future U.S. tax 
under the 2017 Act when distributed. Such distributions, as well as distributions of previously taxed foreign earnings, could 
potentially be subject to U.S. state tax in certain states, and foreign withholding taxes. Foreign currency gains/losses related to 
the translation of previously taxed earnings from functional currency to U.S. dollars could also be subject to U.S. tax when 
distributed. Howmet would expect the potential withholding tax, U.S. state tax, and U.S. capital gains tax impacts to be 
immaterial and the potential deferred tax liability associated with future currency gains to be impracticable to determine.

Howmet and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states and foreign jurisdictions. 
With a few minor exceptions, Howmet is no longer subject to income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 
2014. All U.S. tax years prior to 2022 have been audited by the Internal Revenue Service. Various state and foreign jurisdiction 
tax authorities are in the process of examining the Company’s income tax returns for various tax years through 2021. The 
Company had net cash income tax payments of $50 and $53 in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and net cash refunds of $33 in 
2020.

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) was as 
follows:

December 31,
Balance at beginning of year

Reductions for tax positions of prior years

Settlements with tax authorities

Foreign currency translation

Balance at end of year

2022

2021

2020

2  $ 

2  $ 

— 

— 

— 
2  $ 

— 

— 

— 

2  $ 

176 

(182) 

(1) 

9 

2 

$ 

$ 

For all periods presented, a portion of the balance pertains to state tax liabilities, which are presented before any offset for 
federal tax benefits. The effect of unrecognized tax benefits, if recorded, that would impact the annual effective tax rate for 
2022, 2021, and 2020 would be approximately less than 1%, 1%, and 1%, respectively, of pre-tax book income. Howmet does 
not anticipate that changes in its unrecognized tax benefits will have a material impact on the Statement of Consolidated 
Operations during 2023.

It is Howmet’s policy to recognize interest and penalties related to income taxes as a component of the Provision for income 
taxes in the Statement of Consolidated Operations. Howmet recognized interest of less than $1, less than $1, and $2 in 2022, 
2021, and 2020, respectively. Due to the expiration of the statute of limitations, settlements with tax authorities, reductions in 
prior accruals, and refunded overpayments, Howmet recognized interest income of less than $1, $3, and $25 in 2022, 2021, and 
2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the amount accrued for the payment of interest and penalties was 
less than $1, less than $1, and $2, respectively.

J. Preferred and Common Stock

Preferred Stock. Howmet has two classes of preferred stock: $3.75 Cumulative Preferred Stock (“Class A Preferred Stock”) 
and Class B Serial Preferred Stock. Class A Preferred Stock has 660,000 shares authorized at a par value of $100 per share with 
an annual $3.75 cumulative dividend preference per share. There were 546,024 shares of Class A Preferred Stock outstanding at 
both December 31, 2022 and 2021. Class B Serial Preferred Stock has 10,000,000 shares authorized at a par value of $1 per 
share. There were no shares of Class B Serial Preferred Stock outstanding at both December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Common Stock. At December 31, 2022, there were 600,000,000 shares authorized and 412,155,057 shares issued and 
outstanding. Dividends paid were $0.10 per share in 2022 ($0.02 per share in each of the first, second, and third quarters of 
2022 and $0.04 per share in the fourth quarter of 2022), $0.04 per share in 2021 ($0.02 per share in each of the third and fourth 
quarters of 2021), and $0.02 per share in 2020 (all in the first quarter of 2020).

As of December 31, 2022, 47 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under Howmet’s stock-based 
compensation plans. As of December 31, 2022, 29 million shares remain available for issuance. Howmet issues new shares to 
satisfy the exercise of stock options and the conversion of stock awards.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stock Outstanding and Share Activity (number of shares)

Balance at December 31, 2019

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

Repurchase and retirement of common stock
Balance at December 31, 2020

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

Repurchase and retirement of common stock
Balance at December 31, 2021

Issued for stock-based compensation plans

Repurchase and retirement of common stock
Balance at December 31, 2022

The following table provides details for share repurchases during 2022, 2021, and 2020:

  432,855,183 

3,896,119 

(3,844,925) 

  432,906,377 

2,195,681 

(13,410,146) 

  421,691,912 

1,819,651 

(11,356,506) 

  412,155,057 

Q1 2022 open market repurchase

Q2 2022 open market repurchase

Q3 2022 open market repurchase

Q4 2022 open market repurchase

2022 Share repurchase total

Q2 2021 accelerated share repurchase

Q3 2021 open market repurchase

Q4 2021 open market repurchase

2021 Share repurchase total

Q3 2020 open market repurchase

Q4 2020 open market repurchase

2020 Share repurchase total

(1)

Excludes commissions cost.

Number of 
shares
5,147,307 

Average price 
per share(1)
$34.00

1,770,271 

2,764,846 

1,674,082 

11,356,506 

5,878,791 

769,274 

6,762,081 

13,410,146 

2,907,094 

937,831 

3,844,925 

$33.89

$36.17

$38.83

$35.22

$34.02

$32.50

$30.32

$32.07

$17.36

$23.99

$18.98

Total
$175

$60

$100

$65

$400

$200

$25

$205

$430

$51

$22

$73

The total value of shares repurchased during 2022, 2021, and 2020 were $400, $430, and $73, respectively. All of the shares 
repurchased during 2022, 2021, and 2020 were immediately retired. After giving effect to the share repurchases made through 
December 31, 2022, approximately $947 remained available for share repurchases as of January 1, 2023 under the prior 
authorizations by the Board. Under the Company’s share repurchase programs (the “Share Repurchase Programs”), the 
Company may repurchase shares by means of trading plans established from time to time in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 under 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, block trades, private transactions, open market repurchases and/or 
accelerated share repurchase agreements or other derivative transactions. There is no stated expiration for the Share Repurchase 
Programs. Under its Share Repurchase Programs, the Company may repurchase shares from time to time, in amounts, at prices, 
and at such times as the Company deems appropriate, subject to market conditions, legal requirements and other considerations. 
The Company is not obligated to repurchase any specific number of shares or to do so at any particular time, and the Share 
Repurchase Programs may be suspended, modified or terminated at any time without prior notice.

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation

Howmet has a stock-based compensation plan under which stock options and/or restricted stock unit awards are granted, 
generally, in the first half of each year to eligible employees. Stock options are granted at the closing market price of Howmet’s 
common stock on the date of grant and typically vest over a three-year service period (1/3 each year) with a ten-year contractual 
term. Restricted stock unit awards typically vest over a three-year service period from the date of grant. As part of Howmet’s 
stock-based compensation plan design, individuals who are retirement-eligible have a six-month requisite service period in the 
year of grant. Certain of the restricted stock unit awards include performance and market conditions and are granted to certain 
eligible employees. In 2020, performance stock awards were granted to a senior executive that vest either based on achievement 
of the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction (see Note C for further details) or the achievement of certain stock price thresholds. 
For performance stock awards granted in 2022, 2021, and for annual performance awards granted in 2020, the final number of 
shares earned will be based on Howmet’s achievement of profitability targets over the respective performance periods and will 
be earned at the end of the third year. Additionally, the annual 2022, 2021, and 2020 performance stock awards will be scaled 
by a total shareholder return (“TSR”) multiplier, which depends upon relative performance against the TSRs of a group of peer 
companies.

In conjunction with their employment agreements, certain current and former executives were granted cash bonus awards based 
on the achievement of certain stock price thresholds. These awards are liability classified and were marked-to-market each 
quarter using a Monte Carlo simulation. The stock price thresholds were fully reached. The cash payment of $23 occurred in 
2021 in accordance with the terms of the agreements.

In 2022, 2021, and 2020, Howmet recognized stock-based compensation expense of $54 ($49 after-tax), $40 ($36 after-tax), 
and $46 ($42 after-tax), respectively. Senior executive performance awards granted in April 2020 were modified in June 2020, 
resulting in incremental compensation expense of $12, which is amortized over the remaining service period ending April 1, 
2023. Additionally, the effect of the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction was a modification of the original stock options and 
restricted stock award units. The modifications were designed with the intention that the intrinsic value of the stock option or 
stock award were the same both previous to and after the adjustments. An immaterial charge was recorded to Restructuring and 
other charges related to the modification.

All stock-based compensation expense recorded in 2022 and 2021 relates to restricted stock unit awards. Cash bonus awards of 
$2 were recorded in 2020. Of the remaining stock-based compensation expense in 2020, more than 95% relates to restricted 
stock unit awards. No stock-based compensation expense was capitalized in any of those years. Stock-based compensation 
expense was reduced by $2 in 2021 for certain executive pre-vest cancellations, which were recorded in Restructuring and other 
charges within the Statement of Consolidated Operations. At December 31, 2022, there was $35 (pre-tax) of unrecognized 
compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock unit award grants. This expense is expected to be recognized over a 
weighted average period of 1.3 years.

Stock-based compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value of the applicable equity grant. For restricted stock unit 
awards, the fair value is equivalent to the closing market price of Howmet’s common stock on the date of grant. The weighted 
average grant date fair value per share of the 2022 and 2021 performance stock awards with a market condition scaled by a TSR 
multiplier is $44.44 and $43.41, respectively. The weighted average grant date fair value per share of the April 2020 senior 
executive performance stock awards with a market condition (achievement of certain stock price thresholds) is $2.57. The 2022, 
2021, and 2020 performance awards were valued using a Monte Carlo model. A Monte Carlo simulation uses assumptions of 
stock price behavior to estimate the probability of satisfying market conditions and the resulting fair value of the award. The 
risk-free interest rate (2.0% in 2022, 0.2% in 2021, and in 0.3% in 2020) was based on a yield curve of interest rates at the time 
of the grant based on the remaining performance period. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, volatility of 39.4%, 56.0%, and 48.3%, 
respectively, was estimated using Howmet's historical volatility in 2022 and a blended rate of Howmet's historical volatility and 
a peer-based volatility due to the Arconic Inc. Separation Transaction and the related changes in the nature of the business in 
2021 and 2020. Stock options were last granted in 2018.

69

The activity for stock options and stock awards during 2022 was as follows (options and awards in millions):

Outstanding, December 31, 2021

Granted 

Exercised

Converted

Expired or forfeited

Outstanding, December 31, 2022

Stock options

Stock awards

Number of
options

Weighted
average
exercise price 
per option

Number of
awards

Weighted
average FMV
per award

2  $ 

— 

(1) 

— 

— 

1  $ 

23.64 

— 

22.75 

— 

33.61 

23.86 

8  $ 

1 

— 

(2)   

(1)   

6  $ 

16.19 

35.79 

— 

16.35 

24.92 

17.77 

As of December 31, 2022, the stock options outstanding had a weighted average remaining contractual life of 2.1 years and a 
total intrinsic value of $15. All of the stock options outstanding were fully vested and exercisable. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, the 
cash received from stock option exercises was $16, $22, and $33, respectively, and the total tax benefit realized from these 
exercises was $2, $2, and $3, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2022, 2021, and 2020 was 
$10, $10, and $14, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock awards converted during 2022, 2021, and 2020 was $61, $55, 
and $104, respectively.

K. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) amounts are computed by dividing earnings, after the deduction of preferred stock dividends 
declared, by the average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS amounts assume the issuance of common stock 
for all potentially dilutive share equivalents outstanding.

The information used to compute basic and diluted EPS attributable to Howmet common shareholders was as follows (shares in 
millions):

For the year ended December 31,
Net income from continuing operations

Less: preferred stock dividends declared

Net income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders

Income from discontinued operations

2022

2021

2020

$ 

469  $ 

258  $ 

2 

467 

— 

2 

256 

— 

Net income attributable to common shareholders - basic and diluted

$ 

467  $ 

256  $ 

Average shares outstanding - basic

Effect of dilutive securities:

Stock and performance awards
Average shares outstanding - diluted

416 

5 
421 

430 

5 
435 

211 

2 

209 

50 

259 

435 

4 
439 

Common stock outstanding at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately 412 million and 422 million, respectively.

The 14 million decrease in average shares outstanding (basic) for the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to the year 
ended December 31, 2021 was primarily due to the 11 million shares repurchased during 2022. As average shares outstanding 
are used in the calculation of both basic and diluted EPS, the full impact of share repurchases is not realized in EPS in the year 
of repurchase. 

The following shares were excluded from the calculation of average shares outstanding – diluted as their effect was anti-dilutive 
(shares in millions):

For the year ended December 31,
Stock options

2022

2021

2020

— 

— 

1 

70

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
L. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table details the activity of the three components that comprise Accumulated other comprehensive loss:

Pension and other postretirement benefits (H)

Balance at beginning of period

Other comprehensive income (loss):

Unrecognized net actuarial gain (loss) and prior service cost/benefit
Tax (expense) benefit

Total Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
Amortization of net actuarial loss and prior service cost(1)
Tax expense(2)
Total amount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(3)

Total Other comprehensive income (loss)

Transfer to Arconic Corporation

Balance at end of period
Foreign currency translation
Balance at beginning of period
Other comprehensive (loss) income(4)
Transfer to Arconic Corporation

Balance at end of period
Cash flow hedges
Balance at beginning of period

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

Net change from periodic revaluations

Tax benefit (expense)
Total Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications, net of tax
Net amount reclassified to earnings

Tax (expense) benefit(2)

Total amount reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive income 
(loss), net of tax(3)

Total Other comprehensive income (loss)

Balance at end of period

Accumulated other comprehensive loss balance at end of period

2022

2021

2020

$ 

(799)  $ 

(980)  $ 

(2,732) 

87 
(18) 

69 

99 

(22) 
77 
146 

— 

111 
(26) 

85 

123 

(27) 
96 
181 

— 

(211) 
48 

(163) 

149 

(32) 
117 
(46) 

1,798 

$ 

(653)  $ 

(799)  $ 

(980) 

$ 

(1,062)  $ 

(966)  $ 

(596) 

(131) 

— 

(96) 

— 

$ 

(1,193)  $ 

(1,062)  $ 

58 

(428) 

(966) 

$ 

(2)  $ 

3  $ 

(1) 

(8) 

2 
(6) 
17 

(4) 

13 

7 

20 

(4) 
16 
(26) 

5 

(21) 

(5) 

5  $ 

(2)  $ 

— 

— 
— 
6 

(2) 

4 

4 

3 

(1,841)  $ 

(1,863)  $ 

(1,943) 

$ 

$ 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

These amounts were recorded in Other expense, net (see Note G) and Restructuring and other charges (see Note E) in 
the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

These amounts were included in Provision (benefit) for income taxes (see Note I) in the Statement of Consolidated 
Operations.

A positive amount indicates a corresponding charge to earnings and a negative amount indicates a corresponding 
benefit to earnings.

In all periods presented, no amounts were reclassified to earnings. 

71

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
M. Receivables

Sale of Receivables Programs

The Company maintains an accounts receivables securitization arrangement through a wholly-owned special purpose entity 
(“SPE”). The Company previously had a second arrangement which terminated on August 30, 2021. The net cash funding from 
the sale of accounts receivable was neither a use of cash nor a source of cash during 2022 or 2021.

The terminated arrangement was with financial institutions to sell certain customer receivables without recourse on a revolving 
basis. The Company had $44 net cash repayments ($41 in draws and $85 in repayments) in 2021 in connection with this 
arrangement. The total cash receipts from both customer payments on sold receivables (which were cash receipts on the 
underlying trade receivables that had been previously sold) and net cash repayments under the program were presented as cash 
receipts from sold receivables within investing activities in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows in 2021. 

The current accounts receivables securitization arrangement is one in which the Company, through an SPE, has a receivables 
purchase agreement (the “Receivables Purchase Agreement”) such that the SPE may sell certain receivables to financial 
institutions until the earlier of August 30, 2024 or a termination event. The Receivables Purchase Agreement also contains 
customary representations and warranties, as well as affirmative and negative covenants. Pursuant to the Receivables Purchase 
Agreement, the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred receivables, and therefore accounts for these 
transfers as sales of receivables. This accounts receivable securitization arrangement totaled $325 at both December 31, 2022 
and December 31, 2021 of which $250 was drawn as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As collateral against the 
sold receivables, the SPE maintains a certain level of unsold receivables, which were $190 and $79 at December 31, 2022 and 
December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company sold $1,799 of its receivables without recourse and received cash funding under this program during 2022, 
resulting in derecognition of the receivables from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Costs associated with the sales 
of receivables are reflected in the Company’s Statement of Consolidated Operations for the periods in which the sales occur. 
Cash receipts from sold receivables under the Receivables Purchase Agreement are presented within operating activities in the 
Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows. 

Other Customer Receivable Sales

In 2022, the Company sold $474 of certain customers’ receivables in exchange for cash (of which $126 was outstanding from 
customers at December 31, 2022), the proceeds from which are presented in changes in receivables within operating activities 
in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows. 

In 2021, the Company sold $368 of certain customers’ receivables in exchange for cash (of which $109 was outstanding from 
customers at December 31, 2021), the proceeds from which are presented in changes in receivables within operating activities 
in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows.

N. Inventories

December 31,
Finished goods

Work-in-process
Purchased raw materials

Operating supplies

Total inventories

2022

2021

$ 

490  $ 

748 
317 

54 

478 

631 
256 

37 

$ 

1,609  $ 

1,402 

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the portion of total inventories valued on a LIFO basis was $441 and $331, respectively. If 
valued on an average-cost basis, total inventories would have been $220 and $192 higher at December 31, 2022 and 2021, 
respectively. During 2022 and 2020, reductions in LIFO inventory quantities caused partial liquidations of LIFO inventory 
layers. These liquidations resulted in the recognition of expense of less than $1 in 2022 and 2020. In 2021, we did not have any 
LIFO inventory layer liquidations. 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
O. Properties, Plants, and Equipment, Net 

Land and land rights(1)
Structures(1)
Machinery and equipment

Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization(1)

Construction work-in-progress

Properties, plants, and equipment, net

December 31, 2022 December 31, 2021

$ 

84  $ 

986 

3,941 

5,011 

2,858 

2,153 

179 

$ 

2,332  $ 

91 

1,034 

3,932 

5,057 

2,772 

2,285 

182 

2,467 

(1)

In the first quarter of 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to sell the corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh, 
PA. The proceeds from the sale of the corporate headquarters, which closed in June 2022, were $44, excluding $3 of 
transaction costs, and the carrying value at the time of sale was $41. A loss of less than $1 was recorded in 
Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations upon finalization of the sale in the second 
quarter of 2022. The Company entered into a 12-year lease with the purchaser for a portion of the property.

Depreciation expense related to Properties, plants, and equipment recorded in Provision for depreciation and amortization in the 
Statement of Consolidated Operations was $227, $232, and $236 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, 
respectively.

P. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The following table details the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

Balances at December 31, 2020

Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill, net

Impairment (See Note U)
Translation and other
Balances at December 31, 2021

Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill, net
Translation and other
Balances at December 31, 2022

Goodwill
Accumulated impairment losses
Goodwill, net

Engine 
Products

Fastening 
Systems

Engineered 
Structures

Forged 
Wheels

Total

$ 

2,890  $ 
(719)   
2,171 
— 
(22)   

2,868 
(719)   
2,149 

(38)   

1,620  $ 
— 
1,620 

(4)   
(9)   

1,611 

(4)   

1,607 

(16)   

2,830 
(719)   
2,111  $ 

1,595 

(4)   
1,591  $ 

$ 

306  $ 
(2)   

304 
— 
— 

306 

(2)   

304 
— 

306 

(2)   
304  $ 

7  $ 
— 
7 
— 
— 

7 
— 
7 
— 

7 
— 
7  $ 

4,823 
(721) 
4,102 
(4) 
(31) 

4,792 
(725) 
4,067 
(54) 

4,738 
(725) 
4,013 

During the 2022 annual review of goodwill in the fourth quarter, management elected to perform qualitative assessments on the 
Engine Products and Forged Wheels reporting units and performed quantitative impairment tests on the Engineered Structures 
and Fastening Systems reporting units. The estimated fair values for the Engineered Structures and Fastening Systems reporting 
units exceeded their respective carrying values by approximately 40%; thus, there were no goodwill impairments. Howmet uses 
a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model to estimate the current fair value of the reporting unit, which is compared to its carrying 
value, when testing for impairment. Management believes forecasted cash flows are the best indicator of such fair value. A 
number of significant assumptions and estimates are involved in the application of the DCF model to forecast operating cash 
flows, including sales growth, production costs, capital spending, and discount rate. Assumptions can vary among the reporting 
units. Cash flow forecasts are generally based on approved business unit operating plans for the early years and historical 
relationships in later years. The WACC rate for the individual reporting units is estimated with the assistance of valuation 
experts. The annual goodwill impairment tests in the fourth quarters of 2022, 2021, and 2020 indicated that goodwill was not 

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
impaired for any of the Company’s reporting units. If actual results or external market factors decline significantly from 
management’s estimates, future goodwill impairment charges (or the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the 
reporting unit’s fair value without exceeding the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit) may be necessary and 
could be material.

During the first quarter of 2020, we performed a qualitative impairment test of our reporting units as a result of these 
macroeconomic factors, including Howmet’s market capitalization declining significantly compared to the fourth quarter of 
2019, equity value of our peer group companies and the overall U.S. stock market significant declines amid market volatility 
and the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the aerospace and commercial transportation industries. As a result 
of this qualitative assessment, the Company performed a quantitative impairment test for the Engineered Structures reporting 
unit in the first quarter of 2020 and concluded that although the margin between the fair value of the reporting unit and carrying 
value had declined from 60% to approximately 15%, it was not impaired. Since the first quarter of 2020, there have been no 
indicators of impairment identified for the Engineered Structures reporting unit or any other reporting units or indefinite-lived 
intangible assets.

Other intangible assets were as follows:

December 31, 2022
Computer software
Patents and licenses
Other intangibles
Total amortizable intangible assets
Indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks
Total intangible assets, net

December 31, 2021
Computer software
Patents and licenses
Other intangibles
Total amortizable intangible assets
Indefinite-lived trade names and trademarks
Total intangible assets, net

Gross carrying 
amount

Accumulated
amortization

Intangibles, net

$ 

$ 

204  $ 
67 
678 
949 
32 
981  $ 

(173)  $ 
(66) 
(221) 
(460) 
— 
(460)  $ 

31 
1 
457 
489 
32 
521 

Gross carrying 
amount

Accumulated
amortization

Intangibles, net

$ 

$ 

206  $ 
67 
686 
959 
32 
991  $ 

(175)  $ 
(65) 
(202) 
(442) 
— 
(442)  $ 

31 
2 
484 
517 
32 
549 

Computer software consists primarily of software costs associated with enterprise business solutions across Howmet's 
businesses.

Amortization expense related to the intangible assets recorded in Provision for depreciation and amortization in the Statement 
of Consolidated Operations was $36, $36, and $40 for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and is 
expected to be in the range of approximately $34 to $39 annually from 2023 to 2027.

Q. Leases

Operating lease cost, which included short-term leases and variable lease payments and approximated cash paid, was $61, $63, 
and $67 in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:

December 31,
Right-of-use assets classified in Other noncurrent assets

2022

2021

$ 

111  $ 

108 

Current portion of lease liabilities classified in Other current liabilities
$ 
Long-term portion of lease liabilities classified in Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits  
$ 

Total lease liabilities

32  $ 
83 
115  $ 

33 
81 
114 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future minimum contractual operating lease obligations were as follows at December 31, 2022:

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

Thereafter

Total lease payments

Less: Imputed interest

Present value of lease liabilities

December 31,

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations (O)

$ 

Weighted-average remaining lease term in years

Weighted-average discount rate

R. Debt

Debt.

December 31,
5.125% Notes, due 2024

6.875% Notes, due 2025

5.900% Notes, due 2027

6.750% Bonds, due 2028

3.000% Notes, due 2029

5.950% Notes, due 2037

4.750% Iowa Finance Authority Loan, due 2042
Other(1)

Less: amount due within one year

 Total long-term debt

$ 

$ 

$ 

39 

29 

18 

14 

10 

24 

134 

(19) 

115 

2022

2021

2020

$ 

34 

6

$ 

16 

6

35 

6

 5.4 %

 5.4 %

 5.6 %

2022

2021

$ 

1,081  $ 

1,150 

600 

625 

300 

700 

625 

250 

(19) 

4,162 

— 

$ 

4,162  $ 

600 

625 

300 

700 

625 

250 

(18) 

4,232 

5 
4,227 

(1)

Includes various financing arrangements related to subsidiaries, unamortized debt discounts and unamortized debt 
issuance costs related to outstanding notes and bonds listed in the table above.

The principal amount of long-term debt maturing in each of the next five years is $1,081 in 2024, $600 in 2025, $625 in 2027, 
and no debt maturities in each of 2023 and 2026.

Public Debt. In the second and fourth quarters of 2022, the Company repurchased in the open market approximately $69 
aggregate principal amount of its 5.125% Notes due October 2024 (the “5.125% Notes”) and paid approximately $71, including 
an early termination premium of approximately $2, which was recorded in Loss on debt redemption in the Statement of 
Consolidated Operations. In January 2023, the Company repurchased approximately $26 aggregate principal amount of 
additional 5.125% Notes in the open market.

In the third and fourth quarters of 2021, the Company repurchased an additional $100 aggregate principal amount of its 5.125% 
Notes in the open market and paid approximately $111, including an early termination premium and accrued interest of 
approximately $10 and $1, respectively, which were recorded in Loss on debt redemption and Interest expense, net, 
respectively, in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

On September 2, 2021, the Company completed a cash tender offer and repurchased approximately $600 aggregate principal 
amount of its 6.875% Notes due 2025 (the “6.875% Notes”). The amount of tender premium and accrued interest associated 
with the notes accepted for settlement were $105 and $14, respectively, which were recorded in Loss on debt redemption and 
Interest expense, net, respectively, in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On September 1, 2021, the Company completed an offering of $700 aggregate principal amount of 3.000% Notes due 2029, the 
proceeds of which were used to fund the cash tender offer noted above and to pay related transaction fees, including applicable 
premiums and expenses.

On May 3, 2021, the Company completed the early redemption of all the remaining $476 aggregate principal amount of its 
5.870% Notes due 2022 (the “5.870% Notes”) and paid an aggregate of $503, including $5 of accrued interest. The Company 
also incurred an early termination premium and other costs of $23, which was recorded in Loss on debt redemption in the 
Statement of Consolidated Operations.

On January 15, 2021 the Company completed the early redemption of all the remaining $361 of its 5.400% Notes due 2021 (the 
“5.400% Notes”) at par and paid $5 in accrued interest.

On May 21, 2020, the Company completed a cash tender offer and repurchased $589 and $151 of principal amount of the 
5.400% Notes and its 5.870% Notes, respectively. The amount of early tender premium and accrued interest associated with the 
notes accepted for early settlement were $24 and $4, respectively, which were recorded in Loss on debt redemption and Interest 
expense, net, respectively, in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

On April 24, 2020, the Company completed an offering of $1,200 aggregate principal amount of 6.875% Notes, the proceeds of 
which have been used to fund the May 2020 cash tender offers noted above and to pay related transaction fees, including 
applicable premiums and expenses, with the remaining amount to be used for general corporate purposes. The Company 
incurred deferred financing costs of $14 associated with the issuance in the second quarter of 2020.

On April 6, 2020, the Company completed the early redemption of all $1,000 of its 6.150% Notes due 2020 (the “6.150% 
Notes”) and the early partial redemption of $300 of its 5.400% Notes. Holders of the 6.150% Notes were paid an aggregate of 
$1,020 and holders of the 5.400% Notes were paid an aggregate of $315, plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but not 
including, the redemption date. The Company incurred early termination premium and accrued interest of $35 and $17, 
respectively, which were recorded in Loss on debt redemption and Interest expense, net, respectively, in the Statement of 
Consolidated Operations.

The Company has the option to redeem certain of its notes and bonds in whole or part, at any time at a redemption price equal 
to the greater of principal amount or the sum of the present values of the remaining scheduled payments, discounted using a 
defined treasury rate plus a spread, plus in either case accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.

Credit Facility. On September 28, 2021, the Company amended and restated its Five-Year Revolving Credit Agreement (as so 
amended and restated, the “Credit Agreement”). Capitalized terms used in this “Credit Facility” section but not otherwise 
defined shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Credit Agreement.

The Credit Agreement provides a $1,000 senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) that matures on 
September 28, 2026, unless extended or earlier terminated in accordance with the provisions of the Credit Agreement. Howmet 
may make two one-year extension requests during the term of the Credit Facility, subject to the lender consent requirements set 
forth in the Credit Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement, the Company may from time to 
time request increases in lender commitments under the Credit Facility, not to exceed $500 in aggregate principal amount, and 
may also request the issuance of letters of credit, subject to a letter of credit sublimit of $500 of the Credit Facility. Under the 
provisions of the Credit Agreement, based on Howmet’s current long-term debt ratings, Howmet pays an annual fee of 0.23% 
of the total commitment to maintain the Credit Facility.

The Credit Facility is unsecured and amounts payable under it will rank pari passu with all other unsecured, unsubordinated 
indebtedness of Howmet. Borrowings under the Credit Facility may be denominated in U.S. dollars or euros. On February 13, 
2023, the Company amended the Credit Agreement to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR as the reference rate for U.S. dollar-
denominated loans. Loans under the Credit Agreement will bear interest at a base rate or, in the case of U.S. dollar-denominated 
loans, a rate equal to Term SOFR plus adjustment or, in the case of euro-denominated loans, the Euro inter-bank offered rate 
(“EURIBOR”), plus, in each case, an applicable margin based on the credit ratings of Howmet’s outstanding senior unsecured 
long-term debt. Based on Howmet’s current long-term debt ratings, the applicable margin on base rate loans would be 0.40% 
per annum and the applicable margin on Term SOFR loans and EURIBOR loans would be 1.40% per annum. The applicable 
margin is subject to change based on the Company’s long-term debt ratings. Loans may be prepaid without premium or penalty, 
subject to customary breakage costs. 

The obligation of Howmet to pay amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility may be accelerated upon the occurrence of an 
“Event of Default” as defined in the Credit Agreement. Such Events of Default include, among others, (a) non-payment of 
obligations; (b) breach of any representation or warranty in any material respect; (c) non-performance of covenants and 
obligations; (d) with respect to other indebtedness in a principal amount in excess of $100, a default thereunder that causes such 
indebtedness to become due prior to its stated maturity or a default in the payment at maturity of any principal of such 
indebtedness; (e) the bankruptcy or insolvency of Howmet; and (f) a change in control of Howmet.

76

Under the Credit Agreement, the Company’s ratio of Consolidated Net Debt to Consolidated EBITDA as of the end of each 
fiscal quarter for the period of the four fiscal quarters of the Company most recently ended, is required to be no greater than 
3.50 to 1.00.

During the Covenant Relief Period, which ended on December 31, 2022, the Company was required to maintain a Consolidated 
Net Debt to Consolidated EBITDA ratio of no greater than 5.00 to 1.00 as of the end of the fiscal quarter for the period of four 
fiscal quarters ended September 30, 2021, stepping down as of the end of each fiscal quarter to 3.75 to 1.00 as of December 31, 
2022. In addition, during the Covenant Relief Period, common stock dividends and share repurchases (see Note J) were 
permitted only if no loans under the Credit Agreement were outstanding at the time and were limited to an aggregate amount 
not to exceed $500 during the year ended December 31, 2022. Common stock dividends and share repurchases were $442 
during the year ended December 31, 2022. Following the end of the Covenant Relief Period, the restriction on common stock 
dividends and share repurchases under the Credit Agreement, along with certain covenants, no longer applies.

The Credit Agreement includes additional covenants, including, among others, (a) limitations on Howmet’s ability to incur 
liens securing indebtedness for borrowed money, (b) limitations on Howmet’s ability to consummate a merger, consolidation or 
sale of all or substantially all of its assets, and (c) limitations on Howmet’s ability to change the nature of its business.

There were no amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and no amounts were 
borrowed during 2022, 2021 or 2020 under the Credit Agreement. At December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance 
with all covenants under the Credit Agreement. Availability under the Credit Agreement could be reduced in future periods if 
the Company fails to maintain the required ratios referenced above.

In addition to the Credit Agreement, the Company had several other credit agreements that provided a borrowing capacity of 
$640 as of December 31, 2019, and all of which expired in 2020. In 2020, nothing was borrowed or repaid under these 
arrangements.

Short-Term Debt. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, short-term debt was zero and $5, respectively, substantially all of which 
related to accounts payable settlement arrangements with certain vendors and third-party intermediaries. These arrangements 
provide that, at the vendor’s request, the third-party intermediary advances the amount of the scheduled payment to the vendor, 
less an appropriate discount, before the scheduled payment date, and Howmet makes payment to the third-party intermediary on 
the date stipulated in accordance with the commercial terms negotiated with its vendors. Howmet records imputed interest 
related to these arrangements in Interest expense, net in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

S. Other Financial Instruments

Fair Value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly 
transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value hierarchy distinguishes between (i) market 
participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from independent sources (observable inputs) and (ii) an 
entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the 
circumstances (unobservable inputs). The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels, which gives the highest priority to 
unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable 
inputs (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:

•

•

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, 
unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either 
directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for 
identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable 
for the asset or liability (e.g., interest rates); and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable 
market data by correlation or other means.

•

Level 3 - Inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable.

The carrying values of Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, derivatives, noncurrent receivables, and Short-term debt 
included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet approximate their fair value. The Company holds exchange-traded fixed income 
securities which are considered available-for-sale securities and are carried at fair value based on quoted market prices. The 
aforementioned securities are classified in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy and are included in Other noncurrent assets in the 
Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of Long-term debt, less amount due within one year was based on quoted market 
prices for public debt and on interest rates that are currently available to Howmet for issuance of debt with similar terms and 
maturities for non-public debt. The fair value amounts for all Long-term debt were classified in Level 2 of the fair value 
hierarchy.

77

December 31,
Long-term debt, less amounts due within one year

2022

2021

Carrying
value

Fair
value

Carrying
value

Fair
value

$ 

4,162  $ 

4,059  $ 

4,227  $ 

4,707 

Restricted cash was $1, $2, and $1 in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively, and was recorded in Prepaid expenses and other 
current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

T. Cash Flow Information

Cash paid for interest and income taxes for both continuing and discontinued operations was as follows:

Interest, net of amounts capitalized
Income taxes, net of amounts refunded

2022

2021

2020

$ 
$ 

224  $ 
50  $ 

267  $ 
53  $ 

401 
(33) 

The Company incurred capital expenditures which remain unpaid at December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 of $55, $49, and $50, 
respectively, and will result in cash outflows within investing activities in the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows in 
subsequent periods.

U. Divestitures

2021 Divestiture

On March 15, 2021, the Company reached an agreement to sell a small manufacturing plant in France within the Fastening 
Systems segment, which resulted in a charge of $4 related to the non-cash impairment of the net book value of the business, 
primarily goodwill, in the first quarter of 2021 which was recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of 
Consolidated Operations. On June 1, 2021, the Company completed the sale for $10 (of which $8 of cash was received in the 
second quarter of 2021). In the third quarter of 2022, $1 was received, and the remaining $1 in escrow is expected to be 
received in the third quarter of 2023. 

2020 Divestiture

On January 31, 2020, the Company reached an agreement to sell a small manufacturing plant in the U.K. within the Engineered 
Structures segment for $12 in cash, and therefore was classified as held for sale. As a result of entering into the agreement, a 
charge of $12 was recognized related to a non-cash impairment of the net book value of the business, primarily properties, 
plants, and equipment in the first quarter of 2020, which was recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of 
Consolidated Operations. As the sale did not close, the Company changed the classification from held for sale to held for use in 
the second quarter of 2020 and recorded these assets at their lower of carrying value (assuming no initial reclassification for 
held for sale was made) or fair value. The result was a reversal of $7 related to a non-cash impairment in the second quarter of 
2020. These charges were recorded in Restructuring and other charges in the Statement of Consolidated Operations.

V. Contingencies and Commitments

Contingencies

Environmental Matters. Howmet participates in environmental assessments and cleanups at more than 30 locations. These 
include owned or operating facilities and adjoining properties, previously owned or operated facilities and adjoining properties, 
and waste sites, including Superfund (Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”)) 
sites.

A liability is recorded for environmental remediation when a cleanup program becomes probable and the costs can be 
reasonably estimated. As assessments and cleanups proceed, the liability is adjusted based on progress made in determining the 
extent of remedial actions and related costs. The liability can change substantially due to factors such as the nature and extent of 
contamination, changes in remedial requirements, and technological changes, among others.

The Company's remediation reserve balance was $16 and $15 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and was recorded 
in Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (of which $6 was classified as a current 
liability for both periods), and reflects the most probable costs to remediate identified environmental conditions for which costs 
can be reasonably estimated. Payments related to remediation expenses applied against the reserve were $4 and $2 in 2022 and 
2021, respectively, and included expenditures currently mandated, as well as those not required by any regulatory authority or 
third party. 

78

 
Included in annual operating expenses are the recurring costs of managing hazardous substances and environmental programs. 
These costs are estimated to be less than 1% of Cost of goods sold.

Tax. As previously reported, in July 2013, following a Spanish corporate income tax audit covering the 2006 through 2009 tax 
years, an assessment was received mainly disallowing certain interest deductions claimed by a Spanish consolidated tax group 
owned by the Company. The Company appealed this assessment to Spain's Central Tax Administrative Court, and subsequently 
to Spain's National Court, each of which was denied. 

The Company then appealed the decision to the Supreme Court of Spain. In November 2020, the Supreme Court of Spain 
rendered a decision in favor of the taxpayer, removing the assessment in its entirety. The decision is final and cannot be further 
appealed. 

As a result of the favorable decision, in the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company released an income tax reserve, including 
interest, of $64 (€54), which was recorded in Provision (benefit) for income taxes in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, 
that was previously established in the third quarter of 2018. In addition, the Company reversed a combined indemnification 
receivable of $53 (€45) for Alcoa Corporation's 49% share and Arconic Corporation's 33.66% share of the total reserve, which 
was recorded in Other expense, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations, that were previously established pursuant to 
the October 31, 2016 and March 31, 2020 Tax Matters Agreements, respectively. As of the end of 2020, the Company no 
longer has a balance recorded for this matter.

Indemnified Matters. The Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated October 31, 2016, that the Company entered into 
with Alcoa Corporation in connection with the Alcoa Inc. Separation Transaction, provides for cross-indemnities between the 
Company and Alcoa Corporation for claims subject to indemnification. The Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated 
March 31, 2020, that the Company entered into with Arconic Corporation in connection with the Arconic Inc. Separation 
Transaction, provides for cross-indemnities between the Company and Arconic Corporation for claims subject to 
indemnification. Among other claims that are covered by these indemnities, Arconic Corporation indemnifies the Company (f/
k/a Arconic Inc. and f/k/a Alcoa Inc.) for all potential liabilities associated with the fire that occurred at the Grenfell Tower in 
London, U.K. on June 14, 2017 (“Grenfell Fire”), including the following: 

(i) Regulatory Investigations. Arconic Architectural Products SAS ("AAP SAS") (now a subsidiary of Arconic Corporation) 
supplied Reynobond PE to its customer who used the product as one component of the overall cladding system on Grenfell 
Tower. Regulatory Investigations into the overall Grenfell Fire are being conducted, including a criminal investigation by the 
London Metropolitan Police Service and a Public Inquiry by the British government (regarding which AAP SAS is a 
participant). (ii) United Kingdom Litigation. On December 23, 2020, survivors and estates of decedents of the Grenfell Fire and 
emergency responders filed suit against 23 defendants, including the Company. No substantive allegations or requests for relief 
have been provided. The suits are stayed until the next case management conference, which will be scheduled after April 27, 
2023. (iii) Behrens et al. v. Arconic Inc. et al. (United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania). On June 6, 
2019, 247 survivors and estates of decedents of the Grenfell Fire filed a complaint against Arconic Inc., Alcoa Inc. and Arconic 
Architectural Products, LLC (now a subsidiary of Arconic Corporation), among others, for product liability and wrongful death. 
The plaintiffs seek monetary damages exceeding $75,000 (amount not in millions) for each plaintiff. On September 16, 2020, 
the court dismissed the U.S. case, determining that the U.K. is the appropriate jurisdiction for the case. The plaintiffs appealed 
that decision. The Third Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal on July 8, 2022, and denied a petition for a rehearing 
on October 7, 2022. On January 5, 2023, the plaintiffs filed a petition for a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court, which 
is currently pending. (iv) Howard v. Arconic Inc. et al. (United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania). 
In 2017, two purported class actions were filed against Arconic Inc., Klaus Kleinfeld and other former Arconic Inc. executives 
and directors, and certain banks. The actions, which later were consolidated, allege violations of the federal securities laws 
relating to the Grenfell Fire. On June 23, 2021, the court ruled that certain claims related to a particular registration statement, 
other SEC filings, product brochures and websites can proceed and dismissed all other claims with prejudice. On December 2, 
2022, the court issued an initial case management order, setting forth deadlines for class certification briefing and discovery. 
Discovery has begun and is ongoing. (v) Raul v. Albaugh, et al. (United States District Court for the District of Delaware). On 
June 22, 2018, a derivative complaint was filed nominally on behalf of Arconic Inc. by a purported Arconic Inc. stockholder 
against the then members of Arconic Inc.’s Board of Directors, Klaus Kleinfeld and Ken Giacobbe, naming Arconic Inc. as a 
nominal defendant. The complaint asserts claims under federal securities laws, most of which are similar to those in Howard, as 
well as claims under Delaware state law for breaches of fiduciary duty, gross mismanagement and abuse of control, and also 
alleges that the defendants improperly authorized the sale of Reynobond PE for unsafe uses. The case has been stayed until the 
final resolution of the Howard case and the Regulatory Investigations. (vi) Stockholder Demands. Following the Grenfell Fire, 
the then Arconic Inc. Board of Directors (the “Board”) received letters, purportedly sent on behalf of stockholders, reciting 
allegations similar to the Howard and Raul cases and demanding that the Board authorize Arconic Inc. to initiate litigation 
against members of management, the Board and others. On May 28, 2019, the Board adopted the findings and 
recommendations of its Special Litigation Committee and rejected the stockholders’ demands. On June 28, 2021, one of the 
stockholders whose demand was rejected asked the current Howmet Board of Directors to reconsider the decision of the Board, 

79

which was declined. On August 4, 2021, another stockholder whose demand was rejected requested books and records relating 
to, among other things, the Board’s decision to reject his initial demand, which the Company declined. There has been no 
further correspondence with either stockholder. 

Legal Proceedings. Lehman Brothers International (Europe) (“LBIE”) Proceeding. On June 26, 2020, Lehman Brothers 
International (Europe) (“LBIE”) filed proceedings in the High Court of Justice, Business and Property Courts of England and 
Wales (the “Court”) against two subsidiaries of the Company, FR Acquisitions Corporation (Europe) Ltd and JFB Firth Rixson 
Inc. (collectively, the “Firth Rixson Entities”). The proceedings concern two interest rate swap transactions with LBIE 
(collectively, the “ISDAs”). In 2007 and 2008, the Firth Rixson Entities, then owned by Oak Hill, entered into the ISDAs in 
order to meet their obligation to hedge interest rate exposure under a lending agreement with LBIE. When LBIE went into 
bankruptcy in 2008, the Firth Rixson Entities entered into alternative swap agreements with another counterparty in order to 
meet this hedging obligation. The Firth Rixson Entities were acquired by the Company as part of its acquisition of the Firth 
Rixson business from Oak Hill in 2014. In the LBIE legal proceeding, LBIE claims the amounts owing by the Firth Rixson 
Entities under the ISDAs to be approximately $64, plus applicable interest. The Court issued its ruling in these proceedings on 
October 11, 2022 (the “Judgment”). In its ruling, the Court determined that the event of default under the ISDAs caused by 
LBIE as a result of its insolvency in 2008 and other defaults will conclude upon LBIE’s expected emergence from 
administration under the Insolvency Act of 1986. The Court ruled that upon such future event and other relevant steps being 
completed, the timing of which is unknown, the Firth Rixson Entities will be obligated to pay amounts due under the ISDAs. In 
late 2022, the Court granted LBIE a three-year extension of its bankruptcy administration. The Company recorded $65 in Other 
current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, and took a pre-tax charge of this amount in Other expense, net in the 
Statement of Consolidated Operations in 2022. The matter of interest was not specifically addressed in the proceeding and no 
related amounts have been reserved. The Company vigorously disagrees with the ruling including as to any payment obligation 
in respect of the principal as well as any interest. In December 2022, the Company was granted permission to appeal the 
Court’s decision.

Other. In addition to the matters discussed above, various other lawsuits, claims, and proceedings have been or may be 
instituted or asserted against the Company, including those pertaining to environmental, product liability, safety and health, 
employment, tax and antitrust matters. While the amounts claimed in these other matters may be substantial, the ultimate 
liability cannot currently be determined because of the considerable uncertainties that exist. Therefore, it is possible that the 
Company’s liquidity or results of operations in a period could be materially affected by one or more of these other matters. 
However, based on facts currently available, management believes that the disposition of these other matters that are pending or 
asserted will not have a material adverse effect, individually or in the aggregate, on the results of operations, financial position 
or cash flows of the Company.

Commitments

Purchase Obligations. Howmet has entered into purchase commitments for raw materials, energy and other goods and 
services, which total $265 in 2023, $140 in 2024, $14 in 2025, $2 in 2026, and none in 2027 and thereafter.

Operating Leases. See Note Q for the operating lease future minimum contractual obligations.

Guarantees. At December 31, 2022, Howmet had outstanding bank guarantees related to tax matters, outstanding debt, 
workers’ compensation, environmental obligations, and customs duties, among others. The total amount committed under these 
guarantees, which expire at various dates between 2023 and 2040, was $13 at December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, between Howmet and Alcoa Corporation, 
Howmet was required to provide certain guarantees for Alcoa Corporation, which had a fair value of $6 at both December 31, 
2022 and 2021, and were included in Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The 
remaining guarantee, for which the Company and Arconic Corporation are secondarily liable in the event of a payment default 
by Alcoa Corporation, relates to a long-term energy supply agreement that expires in 2047 at an Alcoa Corporation facility. The 
Company currently views the risk of an Alcoa Corporation payment default on its obligations under the contract to be remote. 
The Company and Arconic Corporation are required to provide a guarantee up to an estimated present value amount of 
approximately $1,040 and $1,406 at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in the event of an Alcoa Corporation 
default. In December 2020, December 2021, and December 2022, a surety bond with a limit of $80 relating to this guarantee 
was obtained by Alcoa Corporation to protect Howmet's obligation. This surety bond will be renewed on an annual basis by 
Alcoa Corporation.

Letters of Credit. The Company has outstanding letters of credit, primarily related to workers’ compensation, environmental 
obligations, and insurance obligations. The total amount committed under these letters of credit, which automatically renew or 
expire at various dates, mostly in 2023, was $120 at December 31, 2022.

80

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreements between the Company and Arconic Corporation and between the 
Company and Alcoa Corporation, the Company is required to retain letters of credit of $53 (which are included in the $120 in 
the above paragraph) that had previously been provided related to the Company, Arconic Corporation, and Alcoa Corporation 
workers’ compensation claims that occurred prior to the respective separation transactions of April 1, 2020 and November 1, 
2016. Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation workers’ compensation and letters of credit fees paid by the Company are 
proportionally billed to, and are reimbursed by, Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation, respectively. Also, the Company 
was required to provide letters of credit for certain Arconic Corporation environmental obligations and, as a result, the 
Company has $17 of outstanding letters of credit relating to such liabilities (which are also included in the $120 in the above 
paragraph). Arconic Corporation has issued surety bonds to cover these environmental obligations. Arconic Corporation is 
being billed for these letter of credit fees paid by the Company and will reimburse the Company for any payments made under 
these letters of credit.

Surety Bonds. The Company has outstanding surety bonds primarily related to tax matters, contract performance, workers’ 
compensation, environmental-related matters, energy contracts, and customs duties. The total amount committed under these 
annual surety bonds, which expire and automatically renew at various dates, primarily in 2023 and 2024, was $43 at 
December 31, 2022.

Pursuant to the Separation and Distribution Agreements between the Company and Arconic Corporation and between the 
Company and Alcoa Corporation, the Company is required to provide surety bonds of $22 (which are included in the $43 in the 
above paragraph) that had previously been provided related to the Company, Arconic Corporation, and Alcoa Corporation 
workers’ compensation claims that occurred prior to the respective separation transactions of April 1, 2020 and November 1, 
2016. Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation workers’ compensation claims and surety bond fees paid by the Company 
are proportionately billed to, and are reimbursed by, Arconic Corporation and Alcoa Corporation.

W. Subsequent Events

Management evaluated all activity of Howmet and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require 
recognition in the Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, 
except as noted below:

See Note R for the open market debt repurchases made subsequent to the fourth quarter of 2022 as well as an amendment to the 
Credit Agreement on February 13, 2023 to replace LIBOR with Term SOFR as the reference rate therein.

81

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Howmet’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and 
procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of the end of the period 
covered by this report, and they have concluded that these controls and procedures are effective.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting is included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K beginning 
on page 36.

(c) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm

The effectiveness of Howmet’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 has been audited by 
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included in 
Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K on page 37.

(d) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2022, that have materially 
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection.

Not applicable.

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

PART III

The information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K regarding directors is contained under the caption “Item 1 Election of 
Directors” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference. The information required by Item 401 of Regulation S-K 
regarding executive officers is set forth in Part I, Item 1 of this report under “Executive Officers of the Registrant.”

The information required by Item 405 of Regulation S-K is contained under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership 
Reporting Compliance” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

The Company’s Code of Ethics for the CEO, CFO and Other Financial Professionals is publicly available on the Company’s 
Internet website at www.howmet.com under the section “Investors—Corporate Governance—Governance and Policies.” The 
remaining information required by Item 406 of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Corporate Governance” and 
“Corporate Governance—Code of Conduct and Code of Ethics” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

The information required by Items 407(c)(3), (d)(4) and (d)(5) of Regulation S-K is included under the captions “Item 1 
Election of Directors—Nominating Board Candidates—Procedures and Director Qualifications” and “Corporate Governance—
Committees of the Board—Audit Committee” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Director Compensation”, “Executive 
Compensation” and “Corporate Governance—Recovery of Incentive Compensation” of the Proxy Statement. Such information 
is incorporated by reference, except as to information required pursuant to Item 402(v) of Regulation S-K relating to pay versus 
performance.

The information required by Items 407(e)(4) and (e)(5) of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Corporate 
Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Item 3 Advisory Approval of Executive 
Compensation—Compensation Committee Report” of the Proxy Statement. Such information (other than the Compensation 
Committee Report, which shall not be deemed to be “filed”) is incorporated by reference.

82

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

The following table gives information about Howmet’s common stock that could be issued under the Company’s equity 
compensation plans as of December 31, 2022:

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise of
outstanding options, 
warrants and rights
(a)

Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding 
options, warrants 
and rights
(b)

Number of securities remaining 
available for future issuance 
under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in column (a))
(c)

7,411,252(1) $ 

— 

7,411,252  $ 

23.86 

— 

23.86 

23,432,811(2)

— 

23,432,811 

Plan Category

Equity compensation plans 
approved by security holders(1)
Equity compensation plans not 
approved by security holders 
Total

(1) 

Includes the 2013 Howmet Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated (approved by shareholders in May 
2019, May 2018, May 2016 and May 2013) (the “2013 Plan”) and the 2009 Alcoa Stock Incentive Plan (approved by 
shareholders in May 2009). Table amounts are comprised of the following:

•

•

•

936,242 stock options

3,527,349 restricted share units

2,947,661 performance share awards (191,217 granted in 2022 at target)

(2)    The 2013 Plan authorizes, in addition to stock options, other types of stock-based awards in the form of stock appreciation 
rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, performance awards and other awards. The shares that remain available for 
issuance under the 2013 Plan may be issued in connection with any one of these awards. Up to 66,666,667 shares may be 
issued under the plan. Any award other than an option or a stock appreciation right shall count as 2.33 shares. Options and 
stock appreciation rights shall be counted as one share for each option or stock appreciation right. In addition, the 2013 
Plan provides the following are available to grant under the 2013 Plan: (i) shares that are issued under the 2013 Plan, which 
are subsequently forfeited, cancelled or expire in accordance with the terms of the award and (ii) shares that had previously 
been issued under prior plans that are outstanding as of the date of the 2013 Plan which are subsequently forfeited, 
cancelled or expire in accordance with the terms of the award.

The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Howmet Aerospace Stock Ownership
—Stock Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners” and “Howmet Aerospace Stock Ownership—Stock Ownership of Directors 
and Executive Officers” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K is contained under the captions “Executive Compensation” (excluding 
the information under the caption “Compensation Committee Report”) and “Corporate Governance— Related Person 
Transactions” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

The information required by Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K regarding director independence is contained under the captions 
“Item 1 Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance” of the Proxy Statement and is incorporated by reference.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.

The information required by Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A is contained under the captions “Item 2 Ratification of Appointment of 
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Report of the Audit Committee” and “Item 2 Ratification of Appointment of 
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm—Audit and Non-Audit Fees” of the Proxy Statement and in its Attachment A 
(Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures for Audit and Non-Audit Services) thereto and is incorporated by reference.

83

 
 
 
 
 
PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) The consolidated financial statements and exhibits listed below are filed as part of this report.

(1) The Company’s consolidated financial statements, the notes thereto and the report of the Independent Registered 

Public Accounting Firm are on pages 37 through 81 of this report.

(2) Financial statement schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable, not required, or the required 

information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(3) Exhibits.

Exhibit
Number

2(a)

2(b)

2(c)

2(c)(1)

2(d)

2(d)(1)

2(d)(2)

2(e)

2(f)

2(g)

2(h)

2(i)

2(j)

Description*

Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, by and between Arconic Inc. and 
Alcoa Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
dated November 4, 2016.

Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, by and between Arconic Inc. and Alcoa Corporation, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 
2016.

Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of October 31, 2016, by and between Arconic Inc. and Alcoa 
Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
November 4, 2016.

Amendment No. 1, dated December 13, 2016, to Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of October 31, 
2016, by and between Arconic Inc. and Alcoa Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(e)(1) to 
the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Alcoa Corporation to Arconic Inc. Patent, Know-How, and Trade Secret License Agreement, dated as of 
October 31, 2016, by and between Alcoa USA Corp. and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
2.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 2016.

First Amendment, effective as of November 1, 2016, to the Patent, Know-How and Trade Secret License 
Agreement by and between Alcoa USA Corp. and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(d)(1) 
to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Second Amendment, effective as of October 18, 2021, to the Patent, Know-How and Trade Secret License 
Agreement by and between Alcoa USA Corp. and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(d)(2) 
to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Arconic Inc. to Alcoa Corporation Patent, Know-How, and Trade Secret License Agreement, dated as of 
October 31, 2016, by and between Arconic Inc. and Alcoa USA Corp., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
2.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 4, 2016.

Amended and Restated Alcoa Corporation to Arconic Inc. Trademark License Agreement, dated as of June 
25, 2017, by and between Alcoa USA Corp. and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2 to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017.

Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 12, 2017, by and between Arconic Inc., a Pennsylvania 
corporation, and Arconic Inc., a Delaware corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 4, 2018.

Separation and Distribution Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Inc. and 
Arconic Rolled Products Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Tax Matters Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Inc. and Arconic Rolled 
Products Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-
K filed on April 6, 2020.

Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Inc. and Arconic Rolled 
Products Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.3 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-
K filed on April 6, 2020.

84

 
 
 
 
 
2(j)(1)

2(k)

2(k)(1)

2(l)

2(m)

2(n)

2(o)

2(p)

2(q)

2(r)

3(a)

3(b)

4(a)

4(b)

4(c)

First Amendment to Employee Matters Agreement, dated as of April 10, 2020, by and between Howmet 
Aerospace Inc. and Arconic Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current 
Report on Form 8-K filed on April 13, 2020.

Patent, Know-How, and Trade Secret License Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between 
Arconic Inc. and Arconic Rolled Products Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.4 to the 
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Amendment No. 1, effective as of August 25, 2020, to Patent, Know-How, and Trade Secret License 
Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Inc. and Arconic Rolled Products 
Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(m)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K 
for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Patent, Know-How, and Trade Secret License Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between 
Arconic Rolled Products Corporation and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the 
Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Trademark License Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Rolled Products 
Corporation and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.6 to the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Trademark License Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Inc. and Arconic 
Rolled Products Corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.7 to the Company's Current Report on 
Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Master Agreement for Product Supply, dated as of March 31, 2020, by and between Arconic Massena LLC, 
Arconic Lafayette LLC, Arconic Davenport LLC and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.8 
to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Second Supplemental Tax and Project Certificate and Agreement, effective as of April 1, 2020, by and 
among Arconic Inc., Arconic Davenport LLC and Arconic Rolled Products Corporation, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 2.9 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 6, 2020.

Third Supplemental Tax and Project Certificate and Agreement, effective as of January 1, 2023, by and 
among Howmet Aerospace Inc., Arconic US LLC and Arconic Corporation. 

Metal Supply & Tolling Agreement by and between Arconic-Köfém Mill Products Hungary Kft and 
Arconic-Köfém Kft, dated January 1, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2(t) to the Company's 
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Certificate of Incorporation of Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation, incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 3(a) to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Bylaws of Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(b) to the 
Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Form of Certificate for Shares of Common Stock of Arconic Inc., a Delaware corporation, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 4, 2018.

Bylaws. See exhibit 3(b) above.

Form of Indenture, dated as of September 30, 1993, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York Trust 
Company, N.A., as successor to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase 
Manhattan Trust Company, National Association), as successor Trustee to PNC Bank, National Association, 
as Trustee (undated form of Indenture incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(a) to Registration Statement 
No. 33-49997 on Form S-3).

4(c)(1)

First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 25, 2007, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York 
Trust Company, N.A., as successor to J.P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association (formerly Chase 
Manhattan Trust Company, National Association), as successor Trustee to PNC Bank, National Association, 
as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
January 25, 2007.

85

4(c)(2)

4(c)(3)

4(c)(4)

4(d)

4(e)

4(f)

4(g)

4(h)

4(i)

4(j)

10(a)

Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2008, between Alcoa Inc. and The Bank of New York 
Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as successor in interest to J. P. Morgan Trust Company, National Association 
(formerly Chase Manhattan Trust Company, National Association, as successor to PNC Bank, National 
Association), as Trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(c) to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K dated July 15, 2008.

Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 31, 2017, between Arconic Inc., a Pennsylvania 
corporation, Arconic Inc., a Delaware corporation, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, 
N.A., as trustee, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K 
dated January 4, 2018.

Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 16, 2020, between Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware 
corporation, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 4(e) to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 
333-237705) dated April 16, 2020.

Form of 6.75% Bonds Due 2028, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(d) to the Company’s Annual Report 
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Form of 5.90% Notes Due 2027, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(e) to the Company’s Annual Report 
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Form of 5.95% Notes Due 2037, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(f) to the Company’s Annual Report 
on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008.

Form of 5.125% Notes Due 2024, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K dated September 22, 2014.

Form of 6.875% Notes due 2025, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K dated April 24, 2020.

Form of 3.000% Notes due 2029, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Company’s Current Report 
on Form 8-K dated September 1, 2021.

Description of Arconic Inc.'s Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(p) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2019.

Amended and Restated Five-Year Revolving Credit Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2021, among 
Howmet Aerospace Inc., the lenders and issuers named therein, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, and 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 28, 2021.

10(a)(1)

Amendment No. 1, dated as of February 13, 2023, to Amended and Restated Five-Year Revolving Credit 
Agreement, dated as of September 28, 2021, among Howmet Aerospace Inc., the lenders and issuers named 
therein, Citibank, N.A., as administrative agent, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent.

10(b)

10(c)

10(d)

10(e)

Agreement, dated February 1, 2016, by and between Elliott Associates, L.P., Elliott International, L.P., 
Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc. and Alcoa Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the 
Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2016.

Settlement Agreement, dated as of May 22, 2017, by and among Elliott Associates, L.P., Elliott 
International, L.P., Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc. and Arconic Inc., incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 22, 2017 (reporting an event on May 
21, 2017).

Letter Agreement, by and among Arconic Inc. and Elliott Associates, L.P., Elliott International, L.P. and 
Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc., dated as of December 19, 2017, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 19, 2017.

Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Arconic Inc. and Elliott Associates, L.P., Elliott International, 
L.P. and Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc., dated as of December 19, 2017, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 19, 2017.

86

10(e)(1)

Amendment to Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Arconic Inc. and Elliott Associates, L.P., 
Elliott International, L.P. and Elliott International Capital Advisors Inc., dated as of February 2, 2018, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 6, 
2018.

10(f)

10(g)

10(g)(1)

10(g)(2)

10(h)

10(h)(1)

10(h)(2)

10(h)(3)

10(i)

10(j)

Howmet Aerospace Inc. 2020 Annual Cash Incentive Plan (formerly known as the Arconic Inc. 2020 
Annual Cash Incentive Plan), incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on 
Form 8-K dated December 10, 2019.

Howmet Aerospace Hourly Retirement Savings Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective January 1, 2021, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2021.

First Amendment, effective January 1, 2022, to the Howmet Aerospace Hourly Retirement Savings Plan, as 
Amended and Restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on 
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Howmet Aerospace Salaried Retirement Savings Plan, as Amended and Restated effective January 1, 2021, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g)(2) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2021.

Howmet Aerospace Excess Benefits Plan C (formerly known as the Arconic Employees’ Excess Benefits 
Plan C), as amended and restated effective August 1, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

First Amendment to Howmet Aerospace Excess Benefits Plan C (formerly known as the Arconic 
Employees’ Excess Benefits Plan C), effective January 1, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(l)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Second Amendment to Howmet Aerospace Excess Benefits Plan C (formerly known as the Arconic 
Employees’ Excess Benefits Plan C), effective January 1, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(l)(2) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Third Amendment to Howmet Aerospace Excess Benefits Plan C (formerly known as the Arconic 
Employees’ Excess Benefits Plan C), effective March 31, 2018. incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to 
the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 8, 2018.

Deferred Fee Plan for Directors, as amended effective July 9, 1999, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(g)(1) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999.

Amended and Restated Deferred Fee Plan for Directors, effective April 1, 2020, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

10(k)

Non-Employee Director Compensation Policy, effective January 1, 2023.

10(l)

10(l)(1)

10(l)(2)

10(m)

Fee Continuation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(k) to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1989.

Amendment to Fee Continuation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective November 10, 1995, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(i)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 1995.

Second Amendment to the Fee Continuation Plan for Non-Employee Directors, effective September 15, 
2006, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated 
September 20, 2006.

Howmet Aerospace Deferred Compensation Plan (formerly known as the Arconic Deferred Compensation 
Plan), as amended and restated effective August 1, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(p) to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

10(m)(1)

First Amendment to the Howmet Aerospace Deferred Compensation Plan (formerly known as the Arconic 
Deferred Compensation Plan), effective January 1, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(r)(1) to the 
Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

87

10(n)

10(o)

10(p)

10(q)

10(r)

10(s)

10(s)(1)

10(s)(2)

10(t)

10(u)

10(v)

10(w)

10(x)

10(y)

10(z)

10(aa)

Summary of the Executive Split Dollar Life Insurance Plan, dated November 1990, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(m) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
1990.

Amended and Restated Dividend Equivalent Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 1997, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(h) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
September 30, 2004.

Form of Indemnity Agreement between the Company and individual directors or officers, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(j) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 
1987.

Form of Indemnification Agreement between the Company and individual directors or officers, incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 25, 2018.

Amended and Restated 2009 Alcoa Stock Incentive Plan, dated February 15, 2011, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(z)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2010.

Howmet Aerospace Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives (formerly known as the Arconic 
Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives), as amended and restated effective August 1, 2016, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(v) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2016.

First Amendment to Howmet Aerospace Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives (formerly known 
as the Arconic Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives), effective January 1, 2018, incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10(x)(1) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended 
December 31, 2017.

Second Amendment to Howmet Aerospace Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives (formerly 
known as the Arconic Supplemental Pension Plan for Senior Executives), effective January 1, 2018, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(x)(2) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2017.

Deferred Fee Estate Enhancement Plan for Directors, effective July 10, 1998, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10(r) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1998.

Howmet Aerospace Inc. Change in Control Severance Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective September 
17, 2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
September 23, 2021.

Howmet Aerospace Inc. Executive Severance Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective September 17, 
2021, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
September 23, 2021.

Letter Agreement, by and between Arconic Inc. and Michael N. Chanatry, dated as of March 20, 2018, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(w) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year 
ended December 31, 2021.

Letter Agreement, from Arconic Inc. to Ken Giacobbe, dated as of February 14, 2019, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(hh) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 
31, 2018. 

Letter Agreement, by and between Arconic Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of February 13, 2019, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2019.

Letter Agreement, by and between Arconic Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of August 1, 2019, incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 2, 2019.

Letter Agreement, by and between Arconic Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of February 24, 2020, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 25, 
2020.

88

10(bb)

10(cc)

10(dd)

10(ee)

10(ff)

10(gg)

10(hh)

10(ii)

10(jj)

10(kk)

10(ll)

10(mm)

10(nn)

10(oo)

10(pp)

10(qq)

Letter Agreement between Howmet Aerospace Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of June 9, 2020, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 
2020.

Letter Agreement, by and between Howmet Aerospace Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of October 14, 2021, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 
14, 2021.

Letter Agreement, by and between Howmet Aerospace Inc. and John C. Plant, dated as of December 2, 
2022, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on 
December 8, 2022.

Letter Agreement, by and between Arconic Inc. and Neil E. Marchuk, dated as of February 13, 2019, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(c) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended March 31, 2019.

Letter Agreement between Arconic Inc. and Tolga Oal, dated as of February 24, 2020, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 25, 2020.

Howmet Aerospace Inc. Legal Fee Reimbursement Plan (formerly known as the Arconic Inc. Legal Fee 
Reimbursement Plan), effective as of April 30, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(b) to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018.

2013 Howmet Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective September 30, 2020, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended September 30, 2020.

Terms and Conditions for Stock Option Awards, effective May 3, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(b) to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 8, 2013.

Terms and Conditions for Stock Option Awards under the 2013 Howmet Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, 
effective July 22, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(d) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on 
Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2016.

Global Stock Option Award Agreement, effective January 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(uu) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Form of Stock Option Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(f) to the Company’s 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

Terms and Conditions for Restricted Share Units for Annual Director Awards under the 2013 Howmet 
Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, effective November 30, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(vv) 
to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Terms and Conditions for Restricted Share Units for Annual Director Awards under the 2013 Howmet 
Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, as Amended and Restated, effective December 5, 2017, incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10(a) to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended 
March 31, 2018.

Terms and Conditions for Deferred Fee Restricted Share Units for Director Awards under the 2013 Howmet 
Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, effective November 30, 2016, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(ww) 
to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Global Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement, effective January 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10(eee) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Terms and Conditions for Restricted Share Units issued on or after January 19, 2018, under the 2013 
Howmet Aerospace Stock Incentive Plan, effective January 19, 2018, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10(fff) to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

89

10(rr)

10(ss)

10(tt)

10(uu)

10(vv)

Form of Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10(g) to the 
Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.

Global Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement, effective September 30, 2020, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

Global Stock Option Award Agreement, effective September 30, 2020, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 
10.5 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

Global Special Retention Award Agreement, effective September 30, 2020, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.6 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

Terms and Conditions for Restricted Share Units, effective September 30, 2020, incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.7 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020.

10(ww)

Form of Confidentiality, Non-Competition, and Non-Solicitation Agreement, incorporated by reference to 
Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021.

10(xx)

10(yy)

21

23

24

31

32

Letter Agreement, by and between Howmet Aerospace Inc. and Lola Lin, dated as of May 5, 2021, 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2021.

Restricted Share Unit Award Agreement - Annual Equity Award for Lola Lin, effective July 15, 2021 
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter 
ended June 30, 2021.

Subsidiaries of the Registrant.

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

Power of Attorney.

Certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101. INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document.

101. SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101. CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

101. DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

101. LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

101. PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

104

The cover page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (formatted in 
Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

 * Exhibit Nos. 10(f) through 10(yy) are management contracts or compensatory plans required to be filed as Exhibits to this 

Form 10-K.

Amendments and modifications to other Exhibits previously filed have been omitted when in the opinion of the registrant such 
Exhibits as amended or modified are no longer material or, in certain instances, are no longer required to be filed as Exhibits.

Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are omitted 
pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K. The Registrant hereby undertakes to furnish to the SEC, upon request, copies 
of any such instruments.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

90

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this 
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

HOWMET AEROSPACE INC.

SIGNATURES

February 14, 2023

By

/s/ Barbara L. Shultz
Barbara L. Shultz
Vice President and Controller (Also signing as Principal 
Accounting Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Title

Signature

Date
February 14, 2023

/s/ John C. Plant

John C. Plant

    /s/ Ken Giacobbe
Ken Giacobbe

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 
(Principal Executive Officer and Director)

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial 
Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

February 14, 2023

James F. Albaugh, Amy E. Alving, Sharon R. Barner, Joseph S. Cantie, Robert F. Leduc, David J. Miller, Jody G. Miller, 
Nicole W. Piasecki and Ulrich R. Schmidt, each as a Director, on February 14, 2023, by Barbara L. Shultz, their Attorney-in-
Fact.*

*By

  /s/ Barbara L. Shultz
  Barbara L. Shultz
  Attorney-in-Fact

91

 
[This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT
(As of December 31, 2022)

Name

Howmet Aerospace Inc.

Howmet Domestic LLC

Howmet Securities LLC

Howmet International Inc.

Howmet Holdings Corporation

Howmet Castings & Services, Inc.

Howmet Corporation

Howmet International Holding Company LLC

Howmet Luxembourg S.à r.l.

Howmet Holdings Limited

Howmet-Köfém Kft

Howmet Global Treasury Services S.a.r.l.

FR Acquisitions Corporation Europe Limited

Howmet Europe Commercial SAS

Cordant Technologies Holding Company

Howmet Global Fastening Systems Inc.

FR Acquisition Corporation (US), Inc.

JFB Firth Rixson Inc.

Exhibit 21

State or
Country of
Organization 

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Luxembourg

United Kingdom

Hungary

Luxembourg

United Kingdom

France

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

The names of particular subsidiaries have been omitted because, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, they would 
not constitute, as of the end of the year covered by this report, a “significant subsidiary” as that term is defined in Regulation S-
X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

 
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Exhibit 23

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (No. 333-237705) and Form 
S-8 (Nos. 333-266545, 333-229914, 333-209772, 333-182899, 333-170801, 333-168428, 333-153369, 333-146330, 
333-128445, 333-106411, 333-32516, 333-155668, 333-232219, 333-212246, 333-189882, 333-229727, 333-159123 and 
333-203275) of Howmet Aerospace Inc. of our report dated February 14, 2023 relating to the financial statements and the 
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K. 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
February 14, 2023

I, John C. Plant, certify that:

Certifications

Exhibit 31

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Howmet Aerospace Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over 
financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures 
to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of 
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board 
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 14, 2023 

/s/ John C. Plant

John C. Plant

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 
 
I, Ken Giacobbe, certify that:

1.

2.

3.

4.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Howmet Aerospace Inc.;

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a 
material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such 
statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, 
fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the 
registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over 
financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures 
to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, 
including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, 
particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 
reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the 
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in 
this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of 
the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that 
occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the 
case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal 
control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board 
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)

(b)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control 
over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to 
record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a 
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 14, 2023 

/s/ Ken Giacobbe

Ken Giacobbe

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 
 
Certification
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, 
United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Howmet Aerospace Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), 
does hereby certify that:

The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2022 (the “Form 10-K”) of the Company fully complies 
with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the 
Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Exhibit 32

Dated:

February 14, 2023

/s/ John C. Plant

John C. Plant

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Dated:

February 14, 2023

/s/ Ken Giacobbe

Ken Giacobbe

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or 
otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by 
Section 906, has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the Securities and 
Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

The foregoing certification is being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Form 10-K and 
shall not be considered filed as part of the Form 10-K.

 
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited) 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures 
Some of the information included in this annual report is derived from Howmet Aerospace’s consolidated 
financial information but is not presented in Howmet Aerospace’s financial statements prepared in 
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). 
Certain of these data are considered “non-GAAP financial measures” under SEC rules. These non-GAAP 
financial measures supplement our GAAP disclosures and should not be considered an alternative to the 
GAAP measure. Reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and 
management’s rationale for the use of the non-GAAP financial measures can be found below. 

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special Items  

($ in millions) 

Net income 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2021 
$258 

Year ended 
December 31, 
2022 
$469 

Add: 
Provision for income taxes 
Other expense, net 
Loss on debt redemption 
Interest expense, net 
Restructuring and other charges 
Provision for depreciation and amortization 
Adjusted EBITDA 

Add: 
Plant fire (reimbursements) costs, net 
Legal and other advisory reimbursements 
Costs associated with closures, shutdowns, and 
other items 
Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items 

$66 
19 
146 
259 
90 
270 
$1,108 

$(4) 
(4) 

35 

$137 
82 
2 
229 
56 
265 
$1,240 

$36 
(3) 

3 

$1,135 

$1,276 

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items are non-GAAP financial measures. The 
Company's definition of Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) is net 
margin plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin is equivalent to Sales minus the following 
items: Cost of goods sold; Selling, general administrative, and other expenses; Research and development expenses; 
and Provision for depreciation and amortization. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted 
EBITDA excluding Special items are meaningful to investors because it provides additional information with 
respect to the Company's operating performance and the Company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. The 
Adjusted EBITDA presented may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued 

Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA Margin excluding Special Items  

($ in millions) 

Third-party sales 

Operating income 

Operating income margin 

Quarter 
ended March 
31, 2022 
$1,324 

Quarter 
ended June 
30, 2022 
$1,393 

Quarter ended 
September 30, 
2022 
$1,433 

Quarter ended 
December 31, 
2022 
$1,513 

$230 

17.4% 

$241 

17.3% 

$228 

15.9% 

$220 

14.5% 

$111 

$37 
15 
— 
57 
44 
67 
$331 

$4 
— 

1 

$336 

Net income 

$131 

$147 

$80 

Add: 
Provision for income taxes 
Other expense (income), net 
Loss on debt redemption 
Interest expense, net 
Restructuring and other charges 
Provision for depreciation and amortization 
Adjusted EBITDA 

Add: 
Plant fire costs, net 
Legal and other advisory reimbursements 
Costs associated with closures, shutdowns, 
and other items 
Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items 

$40 
1 
— 
58 
2 
66 
$298 

$5 
(3) 

— 

$36 
(1) 
2 
57 
6 
67 
$314 

$2 
— 

1 

$300 

$317 

$24 
67 
— 
57 
4 
65 
$297 

$25 
— 

1 

$323 

Adjusted EBITDA Margin excluding Special 
items 

22.7% 

22.8% 

22.5% 

22.2% 

Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items and Adjusted EBITDA Margin excluding Special 
items are non-GAAP financial measures.  The Company's definition of Adjusted EBITDA (Earnings before interest, 
taxes, depreciation, and amortization) is net margin plus an add-back for depreciation and amortization. Net margin 
is equivalent to Sales minus the following items: Cost of goods sold; Selling, general administrative, and other 
expenses; Research and development expenses; and Provision for depreciation and amortization. Management 
believes that Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA excluding Special items, and Adjusted EBITDA Margin 
excluding Special items are meaningful to investors because it provides additional information with respect to the 
Company's operating performance and the Company’s ability to meet its financial obligations. The Adjusted 
EBITDA presented may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued 

Reconciliation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow – 2022 

($ in millions) 
Cash provided from operations 
Capital expenditures 
Adjusted free cash flow 

1Q22 
$55 
(62) 
$(7) 

2Q22 
$158 
(44) 
$114 

3Q22 
$65 
(42) 
$23 

4Q22 
$455 
(45) 
$410 

Total 2022 
$733 
(193) 
$540 

The Accounts Receivable Securitization program remains unchanged at $250 outstanding. 

The proceeds from the sale of the corporate center in the second quarter are part of cash provided from investing 
activities which are not included in Adjusted free cash flow. 

Adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that this measure is meaningful to 
investors because management reviews cash flows generated from operations after taking into consideration capital 
expenditures (due to the fact that these expenditures are considered necessary to maintain and expand the Company's 
asset base and are expected to generate future cash flows from operations). It is important to note that Adjusted free 
cash flow does not represent the residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures since other non-
discretionary expenditures, such as mandatory debt service requirements, are not deducted from the measure.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued 

Reconciliation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow – 2021 

($ in millions) 
Cash provided from operations 
Cash receipts from sold receivables 
Capital expenditures 
Adjusted free cash flow 

Total 2021 
$449 
267 
(199) 
$517 

The net cash funding from the sale of accounts receivables was neither a use of cash nor a source of cash in all 
periods presented. 

In the third quarter of 2021, the Company restructured its accounts receivable securitization. As a result, going 
forward, Cash receipts from sold receivables (which had been included in the investing section of the Statement of 
Consolidated Cash Flows) will be $0 as the entire impact of the accounts receivable securitization program will be 
included in the Cash provided from operations section of the Statement of Consolidated Cash Flows.  

Adjusted free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure. Management believes that this measure is meaningful to 
investors because management reviews cash flows generated from operations after taking into consideration capital 
expenditures (due to the fact that these expenditures are considered necessary to maintain and expand the Company's 
asset base and are expected to generate future cash flows from operations), as well as cash receipts from net sales of 
beneficial interest in sold receivables. It is important to note that Adjusted free cash flow does not represent the 
residual cash flow available for discretionary expenditures since other non-discretionary expenditures, such as 
mandatory debt service requirements, are not deducted from the measure. 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Calculation of Financial Measures (unaudited), continued 

Reconciliation of Net Income excluding Special items and Diluted Earnings Per Share (EPS) 
excluding Special Items 

($ in millions, except share and per-share amounts) 

Net income 

Special items: 
Restructuring and other charges 
Discrete tax items(1) 
Other special items: 

Debt tender fees and related costs 
Plant fire (reimbursements) costs, net 
Judgment from legal proceeding 
Legal and other advisory reimbursements 
Costs associated with closures, shutdowns, and other items 

Total Other special items 
Tax impact(2) 
Net income excluding Special items 
Average shares outstanding – diluted 
Diluted EPS excluding Special items 

Net income excluding Special 
items 
Year ended 

December 31, 
2021 
$258 

December 31, 
2022 
$469 

$90 
$9 

$56 
$(8) 

147 
(3) 
— 
(4) 
35 
$175 
(90) 
$442 
435,471,834 
$1.01 

2 
36 
65 
(3) 
3 
$103 
(27) 
$593 
421,438,922 
$1.40 

Net income excluding Special items and Diluted EPS excluding Special items are non-GAAP financial measures. 
Management believes that these measures are meaningful to investors because management reviews the operating 
results of the Company excluding the impacts of Restructuring and other charges, Discrete tax items, and Other 
special items (collectively, “Special items”). There can be no assurances that additional Special items will not occur 
in future periods. To compensate for this limitation, management believes that it is appropriate to consider both Net 
income determined under GAAP as well as Net income excluding Special items and Diluted EPS excluding Special 
items. 

(1)  

Discrete tax items for each period included the following:  

• 

• 

for the year ended December 31, 2021, a net benefit related to prior year amended returns and audit 
settlements ($14), a charge related to prior year foreign earnings distributed or no longer considered 
permanently reinvested $13, a net charge related to valuation adjustments $9, and a net charge for other 
items $1; and 

for the year ended December 31, 2022, a charge to record a valuation allowance related to U.S. foreign 
tax credits $12, a benefit to release a valuation allowance related to an interest carryforward tax attribute 
in the U.K. ($6), an excess benefit for stock compensation ($6), a benefit related to a tax depreciation 
accounting method change ($5), and a benefit related to prior year foreign earnings distributed ($3). 

(2)  

The tax impact on Special items is based on the applicable statutory rates whereby the difference between 
such rates and the Company’s consolidated estimated annual effective tax rate is itself a Special item.  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Forward-Looking Statements 

This Annual Report contains statements that relate to future events and expectations and as such constitute forward-
looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking 
statements include those containing such words as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” 
“forecasts,” “goal,” “guidance,” “intends,” “may,” “outlook,” “plans,” “projects,” “seeks,” “sees,” “should,” 
“targets,” “will,” “would,” or other words of similar meaning. All statements that reflect the Company’s 
expectations, assumptions or projections about the future, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-
looking statements, including, without limitation, statements, forecasts and outlook relating to the condition of end 
markets; future financial results or operating performance; and any future dividends and repurchases of its debt or 
equity securities. These statements reflect beliefs and assumptions that are based on the Company’s perception of 
historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors the Company 
believes are appropriate in the circumstances. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance 
and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, which could cause 
actual results to differ materially from those indicated by these statements. The risks, uncertainties and other factors 
that may cause Howmet’s actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements 
are described in the following sections of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K included in this report, as well as 
other reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors), Part II, Item 7 
(Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), including the 
disclosures under Segment Information and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates, and Note V to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8. Market projections are subject to the risks discussed in this 
report and other risks in the market. Howmet disclaims any intention or obligation to update publicly any forward-
looking statements, whether in response to new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by 
applicable law. 

  
 
DIRECTORS
(As of March 1, 2023)

James F. Albaugh

Former President and Chief Executive Officer for Commercial Airplanes, The Boeing Company; 
Former President and Chief Executive Officer for Integrated Defense Systems, The Boeing Company

Amy E. Alving

Former Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, Leidos Holdings, Inc.

Sharon R. Barner

Vice President, Chief Administrative Officer and Corporate Secretary, Cummins Inc.

Joseph S. Cantie

Former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, ZF TRW  

Robert L. Leduc

Former President, Pratt & Whitney

David J. Miller

Equity Partner, Senior Portfolio Manager, Elliott Investment Management, L.P.

Jody G. Miller

Former Chief Executive Officer, Business Talent Group 

Nicole W. Piasecki

Former Vice President and General Manager, Propulsion Systems Division of Boeing Commercial 
Airplanes, The Boeing Company

John C. Plant

Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Howmet Aerospace Inc.

Ulrich R. Schmidt 

Former Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Spirit Aerosystems Holdings, Inc. 

OFFICERS
(As of March 1, 2023)

John C. Plant
Executive Chairman
Chief Executive Officer

Neil E. Marchuk
Executive Vice President
Chief Human Resources Officer

Michael Chanatry
Vice President
Chief Commercial Officer

Paul Myron
Vice President
Treasurer

ASSISTANT OFFICERS
(As of March 1, 2023)

Margaret S. Lam
Assistant Secretary
Associate General Counsel 
Chief Securities and Governance Counsel

Catherine D. Parroco
Assistant Secretary

Barbara L. Shultz
Vice President
Controller

Kenneth J. Giacobbe
Executive Vice President
Chief Financial Officer

Lola F. Lin
Executive Vice President
Chief Legal and 
Compliance Officer 
Secretary

Printed in USA  |  © 2023 Howmet Aerospace Inc. 

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

COMPANY NEWS 
Visit www.howmet.com for Howmet Aerospace’s 
Securities and Exchange Commission filings, quarterly 
earnings reports, and other Company news.

Copies of the Company’s annual report, proxy 
statement, and Forms 10-K and 10-Q may be requested 
at no cost by visiting www.howmet.com/investors, by 
writing to Howmet Aerospace, Attention: Corporate 
Secretary’s Office, 201 Isabella Street, Suite 200, 
Pittsburgh, PA 15212, or by emailing 
CorporateSecretary@howmet.com.

INVESTOR INFORMATION 
Securities analysts and investors may write to Howmet 
Aerospace, Attention: Investor Relations, 201 Isabella 
Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA  15212, 
call 1.412.553.1950, or email 
InvestorRelations@howmet.com. 

OTHER PUBLICATIONS 
For more information on Howmet Aerospace 
Foundation and Howmet Aerospace community 
investments, visit www.howmet.com/foundation.

For Howmet Aerospace’s Environmental, Social and 
Governance Report, visit 
www.howmet.com/esg-report/, write to Howmet 
Aerospace, Attention: Corporate Sustainability, 201 
Isabella Street, Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15212, or email 
Sustainability@howmet.com.

DIVIDENDS 
Cash dividend decisions are made by Howmet 
Aerospace’s Board of Directors, and are reviewed on a 
regular basis.

DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT 
Howmet Aerospace’s transfer agent sponsors and 
administers a Dividend Reinvestment and Stock 
Purchase Plan for shareholders of Howmet Aerospace’s 
common stock. The plan allows shareholders to 
reinvest all or part of their quarterly dividends in shares 
of Howmet Aerospace common stock. Shareholders 
may also purchase additional shares of common stock 
under the plan with cash contributions.

DIRECT DEPOSIT OF DIVIDENDS 
Shareholders may have their quarterly dividends 
deposited directly to their checking, savings or money 
market accounts at any financial institution that 
participates in the Automated Clearing House system.

REGISTERED SHAREHOLDER SERVICES
Registered shareholders with questions on account 
balances, dividend checks, reinvestment, direct 
deposit, address changes, lost or misplaced stock 
certificates, or other shareholder account matters may 
contact Howmet Aerospace’s stock transfer agent, 
registrar, and dividend-disbursing agent, 
Computershare:

By telephone: 
1.800.851.9677 (in the United States and Canada) 
1.201.680.6578 (all other callers)
1.800.231.5469 (Telecommunications Device for the 
Deaf: TDD)

On the web: 
www.computershare.com 

By regular mail: 
Computershare Investor Services 
P.O. Box 43006
Providence, RI 02940-3006 

By overnight correspondence: 
Computershare Investor Services 
150 Royall Street
Suite 101
Canton, MA 02021 

For shareholder questions on other matters, write to: 
Howmet Aerospace
Attention: Corporate Secretary’s Office
201 Isabella Street, Suite 200
Pittsburgh, PA  15212
call 1.412.553.1940
or email CorporateSecretary@howmet.com.

STOCK LISTING 
Common Stock 
New York Stock Exchange | Ticker symbol: HWM

$3.75 Cumulative Preferred Stock (Class A) 
NYSE American | Ticker symbol: HWM PR

HOWMET AEROSPACE  |  2022 ANNUAL REPORT

COVER IMAGE: 
Howmet is a global leader in advanced engineered solutions — 
such as this aero engine vane — providing differentiated 
technologies to enable lighter, more fuel-efficient aircraft and 
commercial vehicles to operate with a lower carbon footprint.

www.howmet.com