Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
OR
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
OR
☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
Date of event requiring this shell company report
For the transition period from
to
Commission file number: 001-39216
Huize Holding Limited
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
N/A
(Translation of Registrant’s Name into English)
Cayman Islands
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)
49/F, Building T1, Qianhai Financial Centre, Linhai Avenue,
Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen 518000
People’s Republic of China
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Ronald Tam
49/F, Building T1, Qianhai Financial Centre, Linhai Avenue,
Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen 518000
People’s Republic of China
Telephone: +86 755 3689 9088
Email: tanguohao@huize.com
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class
American depositary shares (each representing
20 Class A common shares, par value
US$0.00001 per share) Class A common shares,
par value US$0.00001 per share*
Trading
Symbol(s)
HUIZ
Name of Each Exchange
On Which Registered
Nasdaq Global Market
* Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing on the Nasdaq Global Market of American depositary shares.
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual
report:
As of December 31, 2023, there were (i) 843,968,206 Class A common shares issued and outstanding, par value US$0.00001 per share (excluding
3,619,900 Class A common shares reserved for issuance under our share incentive plans and 46,867,940 Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs
that we repurchased under our share repurchase program), and (ii) 150,591,207 Class B common shares issued and outstanding, par value US$0.00001
per share.
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐ Yes ☒ No
Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of
Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such
files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company.
See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
☐
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer
Emerging growth company
☒
☒
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected
not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13 (a) of
the Exchange Act. ☐
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting
Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal
control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that
prepared or issued its audit report. ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the
filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation
received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:
U.S. GAAP ☒
International Financial Reporting Standards as issued
by the International Accounting Standards Board
☐
Other ☐
If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to
follow. ☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18
If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes
☒ No
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. ☐ Yes ☐ No
Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
PART I.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
KEY INFORMATION
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
THE OFFER AND LISTING
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
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3
3
3
3
63
101
101
113
122
124
125
125
142
142
145
DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
145
MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS MATERIAL 145
145
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
147
[RESERVED]
147
AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
147
CODE OF ETHICS
147
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
147
EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
147
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
148
CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
148
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
149
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
149
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
149
INSIDER TRADING POLICY
149
CYBERSECURITY
151
151
151
151
153
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
EXHIBITS
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 4.A.
Item 5.
Item 6.
Item 7.
Item 8.
Item 9.
Item 10.
Item 11.
Item 12.
PART II
Item 13.
Item 14.
Item 15.
Item 16.
Item 16.A.
Item 16.B.
Item 16.C.
Item 16.D.
Item 16.E.
Item 16.F.
Item 16.G.
Item 16.H.
Item 16.I.
Item 16.J.
Item 16.K.
PART III
Item 17.
Item 18.
Item 19.
SIGNATURES
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In this annual report on Form 20-F, or this annual report, except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this annual report only:
INTRODUCTION
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“ADRs” are to the American depositary receipts which may evidence the ADSs;
“ADSs” are to the American depositary shares, each of which represents 20 Class A common shares;
“China” or the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding, for the purposes of this annual report only, Hong Kong, Macau
and Taiwan;
“Class A common shares” are to our Class A common shares, par value $0.00001 per share, carrying one vote per share;
“Class B common shares” are to our Class B common shares, par value $0.00001 per share, carrying 15 votes per share;
“common shares” are to our Class A common shares and/or our Class B common shares, par value US$0.00001 per share, as the context
may require;
“GWP” are to gross written premiums, which include first year premiums and renewal premiums where applicable;
“insurer partners” are to the insurance companies we work with who underwrite insurance products on our platform;
“insurance clients” are to purchasers of insurance products we distribute through our platform; for travel insurance products, travel
agencies usually purchase policies for multiple individuals, and we count each purchasing travel agency as an insurance client, and each
such individual protected by any single policy as an insured;
“insured” are to individuals that are insured under insurance policies;
“our WFOE” are to Zhixuan International Management Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.;
“RMB” and “Renminbi” are to the legal currency of China;
“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” and “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States;
“VIE” are to Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd.; and
“Huize,” “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” are to Huize Holding Limited, our Cayman Islands holding company and where the context
may require, include its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, its
consolidated variable interest entity and the subsidiaries of the consolidated variable interest entity in China.
Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Renminbi in this annual report are made at a rate
of RMB7.0999 to US$1.00, the exchange rate in effect as of December 29, 2023, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of
the Federal Reserve System. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S.
dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all.
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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This annual report contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. These forward-looking
statements are made under the “safe-harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Known and unknown risks,
uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or
achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and
unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those
expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,”
“intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements
largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business
strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:
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our mission, goals and strategies;
our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations;
the expected growth of insurance industry in China;
our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our products and services;
our expectations regarding our relationships with insurance clients, insurance companies and other partners;
competition in our industry;
our proposed use of proceeds; and
government policies and regulations relating to our industry.
These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-
looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our
expectations. Other sections of this annual report include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance.
Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for our
management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or
combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should read
thoroughly this annual report and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from,
or worse than, what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this annual report relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in
this annual report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a
result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated
events. You should read this annual report and the documents that we refer to in this annual report and exhibits to this annual report completely and with
the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
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ITEM 1.
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
PART I.
ITEM 2.
OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
ITEM 3.
KEY INFORMATION
Our Holding Company Structure and Contractual Arrangements with the VIE
Huize Holding Limited is not an operating company but rather a Cayman Islands holding company with no equity ownership in its VIE. Our
Cayman Islands holding company does not conduct business operations directly. We conduct our operations in China primarily through (i) the VIE with
which we have maintained contractual arrangements, and (ii) the VIE’s subsidiaries in China. PRC laws and regulations restrict and impose conditions
on foreign direct investment in companies involved in internet-based business and insurance intermediary business. Therefore, we operate such business
in China through the variable interest entity, Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd., which we refer to as the VIE in this annual report,
and its subsidiaries in China, and rely on contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders to control the business operations of
the VIE. Investors in our ADSs thus are not purchasing direct equity interest in our operating entities in China but instead are purchasing equity interest
in a Cayman Islands holding company. As used in this annual report, “Huize,” “we,” “us,” “our company” or “our” refers to Huize Holding Limited, and
where the context requires, includes its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our operations and consolidated financial information, the VIE and
its subsidiaries in China.
A series of contractual agreements, including power of attorney, equity pledge agreement, exclusive business cooperation agreement and exclusive
option and equity custody agreement, have been entered into by and among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders. In particular, through:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
the power of attorney, pursuant to which each shareholder of the VIE irrevocably authorized our WFOE or any person designated by our
WFOE to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all of its rights as a shareholder of the VIE, and the equity pledge agreement, pursuant to
which the shareholders of the VIE have pledged the 100% equity interests in the VIE to our WFOE to guarantee performance by the
shareholders of their obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive option and equity custody agreement and
power of attorney, we retain effective control over the VIE;
the exclusive business cooperation agreement, pursuant to which our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide the VIE with
comprehensive technology and business support as well as the relevant consultations services required by the business of the VIE, or to
appoint a third party to provide the VIE with such services, we may receive substantially all economic benefits from the VIE; and
the exclusive option and equity custody agreement, pursuant to which each of the shareholders of the VIE has irrevocably granted our
WFOE an exclusive option to purchase, or have its designated third party to purchase, at its discretion, all or part of his or its equity
interests in the VIE and/or the assets that the VIE holds at a nominal consideration or the lowest price permitted by applicable PRC law, we
have the option to purchase the equity interest in and assets of the VIE at low cost.
The VIE is consolidated for accounting purposes; however, neither our Cayman Islands holding company nor the investors in the holding
company have an equity ownership or direct investment in the VIE. Our Cayman Island holding company is considered the ultimate primary beneficiary
of the VIE and consolidates the VIE and its subsidiaries as required by Accounting Standards Codification topic 810, Consolidation. Accordingly, we
treat the VIE as our consolidated entity under U.S. GAAP and we consolidate the financial results of the VIE in our consolidated financial statements in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. For more details of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational
Structure—Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders.”
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Our corporate structure is subject to risks associated with our contractual arrangements with the VIE. Our Cayman Islands holding company that
investors own equity interest in may never directly hold equity interests in the businesses that are conducted by the VIE. If the PRC government finds
that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our business do not comply with PRC laws and regulations, or if these regulations or their
interpretations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Our holding
company, our PRC subsidiary, the VIE, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future actions by the PRC government that could
affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of the VIE and
our company as a whole. For a detailed description of the risks associated with our corporate structure, please refer to risks disclosed under “Item 3. Key
Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure.” In addition, the contractual arrangements may not be as effective as equity
ownership in providing us with control over the VIE, and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. Evolvement in the
PRC regulations may limit our ability, as a Cayman Islands holding company, to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, based on officially
published and publicly available judgements, the legality and validity of VIE contractual arrangements have not been tested in a court of law in the PRC.
There are very few precedents as to whether contractual arrangements would be judged to form effective control over the relevant variable interest entity
through the contractual arrangements, or how contractual arrangements in the context of a variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced by
the PRC courts. Should legal actions become necessary, we cannot guarantee that the court will rule in favor of the enforceability of the variable interest
entity contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles
in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over the VIE, and our ability to conduct our
business may be materially adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We rely
on contractual arrangements with the VIE, and its shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective as equity ownership in
providing operational control,” and “—The shareholders and directors of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, and if any such
conflicts of interest are not resolved in our favor, our business may be materially and adversely affected.”
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure, which includes our significant subsidiaries, the VIE and its material subsidiaries
as of the date of this annual report:
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Note:
(1)
Shareholders of Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd., or Huiye Tianze, are: (1) Shenzhen Huidecheng Investment Development
Limited Partnership and Shenzhen Huideli Consulting Management Limited Partnership, both as our PRC ESOP holding entities, holding an
aggregate of 49.43% shares in Huiye Tianze; (2) PRC holding entities of the shareholders of our Cayman Islands holding company, holding an
aggregate of 50.57% shares in Huiye Tianze.
We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties associated with being based in or having our operations primarily in China and the
complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations. For example, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals on offerings conducted overseas by
and foreign investment in China-based issuers, the use of the VIE, anti-monopoly regulatory actions, oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, which
may impact our ability to conduct certain businesses, accept foreign investments, or list on or remain listed on a United States or other foreign exchange.
These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to
offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For a detailed
description of risks related to doing business in China, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China.”
PRC government’s significant authority in regulating our operations and its oversight and control over offerings conducted overseas by, and
foreign investment in, China-based issuers could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors.
Implementation of industry-wide regulations in this nature may cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For more
details, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—The PRC government’s significant oversight and
discretion over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs.”
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Risks and uncertainties arising from the legal system in China, including risks and uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and quickly
evolving rules and regulations in China, could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of our ADSs. For more details, see
“Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We are subject to the changes, interpretation and
enforcement of laws and regulations in mainland China.”
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act
Pursuant to the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, which was enacted on December 18, 2020 and further amended by the
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 signed into law on December 29, 2022, or the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports
issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspections by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the
PCAOB, for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or the ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the
over-the-counter trading market in the United States. On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the
PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, including
our auditor. In May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of the annual report
on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that vacated its December 16, 2021
determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely
registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we were not identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we filed our
annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and do not expect to be so identified after we file this annual report on Form
20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023. Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms
in mainland China and Hong Kong, among other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and
investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to
issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified
Issuer following the filing of the annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. There can be no assurance that we would not be identified as a
Commission-Identified Issuer for any future fiscal year, and if we were so identified for two consecutive years, we would become subject to the
prohibition on trading under the HFCAA. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—The PCAOB
had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the inability of the PCAOB
to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections” and “Item 3. Key Information—D.
Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the
future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China. The delisting or prohibition of trading of the ADSs, or the
threat of their being delisted or prohibited from trading, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”
Permissions Required from the PRC Authorities for Our Operations
We conduct our business primarily through our PRC subsidiary, the VIE and its subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by
PRC laws and regulations. As of the date of this annual report, our PRC subsidiary, the VIE and its subsidiaries have obtained the requisite licenses and
permits from the PRC government authorities that are material for the business operations of our holding company, the VIE and its subsidiaries in the
PRC in all material respects, including, among others, the value-added telecommunications business operating licenses, the insurance intermediary
license, the record-filing certificate on insurance adjustment assessment business and the record-filing certificate on the graded protection of information
system security. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such permissions or approvals, or a rescission of any such approval if obtained by us, would
subject us to sanctions by the applicable PRC regulatory authorities. These regulatory authorities may impose fines and penalties on our operations in
China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from
our offshore offerings into China or take other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations,
and prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. Given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations
and the evolving enforcement practices of the government authorities, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, filings or approvals for
the functions and services of our platform in the future. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating
to Our Business and Industry—Failure to obtain, renew or retain licenses, permits or approvals may affect our ability to conduct or expand our business”
and “—We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulations of internet-related businesses and companies,
and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.”
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Meanwhile, the PRC government has sought to exert more oversight and control over capital raising activities of listed companies that are
conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. In December 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China, or the CAC, together
with other authorities, jointly promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective on February 15, 2022, and replaces its
predecessor regulation. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, critical information infrastructure operators that procure internet products and
services and network platform operators that conduct data process activities must be subject to the cybersecurity review if their activities affect or may
affect national security. The Cybersecurity Review Measures further stipulate that network platform operators that hold personal information of over one
million users shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before any public offering at a foreign stock exchange. On
July 7, 2022, the CAC issued the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer, which became effective on September 1, 2022.
The Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer require that any data processor providing important data collected and
generated during operations within the territory of the PRC or personal information that should be subject to security assessment according to law to an
overseas recipient shall conduct security assessment. The Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer provide certain
circumstances, under any of which data processors shall, through the local cyberspace administration at the provincial level, apply to the national
cyberspace administration for security assessment of data cross-border transfer. These circumstances include: (i) where a data processor transfers
important data overseas; (ii) where a critical information infrastructure operator, or a data processor processing the personal information of more than
one million individuals, who, in either case, transfers personal information overseas; (iii) where a data processor who has, since January 1 of the
previous year cumulatively transferred overseas the personal information of more than 100,000 individuals, or the sensitive personal information of
more than 10,000 individuals; or (iv) other circumstances under which security assessment of data cross-border transfer is required as prescribed by the
national cyberspace administration. On February 17, 2023, China Securities Regulatory Commission, or the CSRC, released several regulations
regarding the filing requirements for overseas offerings and listings by domestic companies, including the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas
Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies and five supporting guidelines, which are collectively referred to as the Overseas Listing Filing
Rules. The Overseas Listing Filing Rules formally came into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the overseas
offering and listing by a domestic company, whether directly or indirectly, shall be filed with the CSRC. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such
approval or completing such procedures could subject us to restrictions and penalties imposed by the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC regulatory
authorities, which could include fines and penalties on our operations in China, delays of or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from our
offshore offerings into China, or other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and
prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to
Doing Business in China—The approval of and filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our
offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such
filing.” As of the date of this annual report, we have not been required to file with the CSRC, nor have we been subject to any cybersecurity review
initiated by the CAC. If (i) we fail to obtain the approval or complete other filing procedures, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that such approval or filing
procedures are not required, while they actually are required, or (iii) we are required to obtain the approval or complete other filing procedures as a
result of changes of applicable laws, regulations or interpretations thereof but fail to do so, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory
authorities, which may include fines and penalties on our operations in China, limitations on our operating privileges in China, restrictions on or
prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our subsidiaries in China, restrictions on or delays to our future financing transactions
offshore, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, reputation and
prospects, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. For more detailed information, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to
Doing Business in China—The approval of and filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our
offshore offerings under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such
filing” and “—Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and is subject to complex and evolving Chinese and international laws and
regulations regarding privacy, data protection and cybersecurity. Any failure to protect the confidential information of third parties or improper use or
disclosure of such data may subject us to liabilities imposed by data privacy and protection laws and regulations, negatively impact our reputation, and
deter our clients from using our products and services.”
7
Table of Contents
Cash Flows through Our Organization
We have established stringent controls and procedures for cash flows within our organization. Each transfer of cash between our Cayman Islands
holding company and a subsidiary, the VIE or the subsidiaries of the VIE is subject to internal approval. The cash of our group is under the unified
management of our finance department, and is dispatched and applied to each operating entity based on the budget and operating conditions of the
specific operating entity. Each cash requirement, after raised by an operating entity, is required to go through a three-level review process of our finance
department. The funding team of the finance department will allocate the cash to the operating entity after the application for cash requirement is
approved by the responsible person in the finance department. To date, we have not had difficulty in transferring cash between our Cayman Islands
holding company and a subsidiary, the VIE or the subsidiaries of the VIE. The cash inflows of the Cayman Islands holding company were primarily
generated from our initial public offering in February 2020. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Cayman Islands holding company transferred cash in the total
amount of RMB136.6 million (US$19.2 million) to our PRC subsidiary and the subsidiaries of the VIE through our offshore intermediate holding
entities in three methods: (i) Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited made capital contribution to Zhixuan International Management Consulting
(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., our WFOE, in the amount of RMB129.5 million in 2021, nil in 2022, and nil in 2023; our WFOE and its subsidiary then provided
inter-company loan of RMB128.0 million in 2021, RMB6.0 million in 2022, and nil in 2023 to the VIE; (ii) Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited
made direct inter-company loans to the subsidiaries of the VIE, in the amount of nil in 2021, nil in 2022 and RMB0.6 million (US$0.1 million) in 2023;
(iii) through cross-border guarantee, where our Hong Kong subsidiary provided guarantee to certain China-based commercial banks or their offshore
branches by pledging offshore cash deposits, and the onshore branches of these banks granted loans to the subsidiaries of the VIE, namely, Huize
Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Huize Shidai Technology Co., Ltd., in the amount of RMB14.0 million in 2021, nil in 2022, and nil in
2023. The subsidiaries of the VIE repaid the loan in a total amount of RMB32.7 million in 2021, RMB46.7 million in 2022, and RMB20.0 million
(US$2.8 million) in 2023. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, no assets other than cash were transferred between our Cayman
Islands holding company and a subsidiary, no subsidiaries paid dividends or made other distributions to the Cayman Islands holding company, and no
dividends or distributions were paid or made to U.S. investors. We intend to settle service fees under our contractual arrangements with the VIE when
there is a business need and as our WFOE sees fit. For details of the financial position, cash flows and results of operations of the VIE and its
subsidiaries, see “Item 3. Key Information—Financial Information Related to the Consolidated Variable Interest Entity.”
As a Cayman Islands holding company, we may receive dividends from our PRC subsidiary through Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited.
The Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and its implementing rules, provide that dividends paid by a PRC entity to a nonresident enterprise for
income tax purposes is subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, subject to reduction by an applicable tax treaty with China.
Dividends paid by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary in China to our intermediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to a
withholding tax rate of 10%, unless the Hong Kong entity satisfies all the requirements under the Arrangement between China and the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and
receives approval from the tax authority. If our Hong Kong subsidiary satisfies all the requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval
from the tax authority, then the dividends paid to the Hong Kong subsidiary would be subject to withholding tax at the standard rate of 5%. Effective
from November 1, 2015, the above-mentioned approval requirement has been abolished, but a Hong Kong entity is still required to file application
package with the tax authority, and settle the overdue taxes if the preferential 5% tax rate is denied based on the subsequent review of the application
package by the tax authority. Furthermore, effective from January 1, 2020, a Hong Kong entity is entitled to judge by itself that it meets the conditions
for entitlement to such treaty benefits. It could obtain such entitlement by itself at the time of making tax returns, or at the time of making withholding
declarations via withholding agents. At the same time, the Hong Kong entity shall collect, gather and retain relevant materials for future reference in
accordance with applicable rules, and shall accept the follow-up administration of tax authorities. In addition, there is no assurance that the PRC
government will not intervene or impose restrictions on our ability to transfer cash in the future. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks
Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and
financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our
ability to conduct our business.”
If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of the mainland of China were deemed to be a “resident
enterprise” under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See
“Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC
income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.”
8
Table of Contents
For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid within China, assuming that:
(i) we have taxable earnings, and (ii) we determine to pay dividends in the future:
Hypothetical pre-tax earnings(2)
Tax on earnings at statutory rate of 25%(3)
Net earnings available for distribution
Withholding tax at standard rate of 10%(4)
Net distribution to Parent/Shareholders
Taxation
Scenario(1)
Statutory Tax and
Standard Rate
100%
(25%)
75%
(7.5%)
67.5%
Notes:
(1)
For purposes of this example, the tax calculation has been simplified. The hypothetical book pre-tax earnings amount, not considering timing
differences, is assumed to equal Chinese taxable income.
(3)
(2) Under the terms of the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its Shareholders, our WFOE may charge the VIE for services
provided to the VIE. These fees shall be recognized as expenses of the VIE, with a corresponding amount as service income by our WFOE and
eliminate in consolidation. For income tax purposes, our WFOE and VIE file income tax returns on a separate company basis. The fees paid are
recognized as a tax deduction by the VIE and as income by our WFOE and are tax neutral.
For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above reflects a maximum tax scenario under which the full statutory rate of 25% would be
effective.
The Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise to
its immediate holding company outside of China. A lower withholding income tax rate of 5% is applied if the foreign invested enterprise’s
immediate holding company is registered in Hong Kong or other jurisdictions that have a tax treaty arrangement with China, subject to a
qualification review at the time of the distribution. For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above assumes a maximum tax scenario
under which the full withholding tax rate of 10% would be applied.
(4)
The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the VIE will be distributed as fees to our WFOE under tax neutral
contractual arrangements. If in the future, the accumulated earnings of the VIE exceed the fees paid to our PRC subsidiaries (or if the current and
contemplated fee structure between the intercompany entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by Chinese tax authorities), the VIE
could, as a matter of last resort, make a non-deductible transfer to our WFOE for the amounts of the stranded cash in the VIE. This would result in such
transfer being non-deductible expenses for the VIE but still taxable income for our WFOE.
Under PRC laws and regulations, we are subject to restrictions on foreign exchange and cross-border cash transfers, including to U.S. investors.
Our ability to distribute earnings to the holding company and U.S. investors is also limited. We are a Cayman Islands holding company and we may rely
on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiary, which in turn relies on consulting and other fees paid to us by the VIE, for
our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any
debt we may incur. When any of our PRC subsidiary incurs debt on its own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay
dividends or make other distributions to us.
Our WFOE, being a foreign-invested enterprise established in China, is required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserves, namely, a
general reserve fund, an enterprise expansion fund, a staff welfare fund and a bonus fund, all of which are appropriated from net profit as reported in its
PRC statutory accounts. Our WFOE is required to allocate at least 10% of its after-tax profits after making up the previous year’s accumulated losses
each year, if any, to a general reserve fund until such fund has reached 50% of its respective registered capital. Appropriations to the enterprise
expansion fund and staff welfare and bonus funds are at the discretion of the board of directors of the PRC subsidiary.
Under PRC laws and regulations, our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries are subject to certain restrictions with respect to paying dividends or
otherwise transferring any of their net assets to us. The amounts restricted include the paid-up capital and the statutory reserve funds of our PRC
subsidiaries and the net assets of the consolidated variable interest entity in which we have no legal ownership.
9
Table of Contents
In addition, our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries generate their revenue primarily in Renminbi, which is not freely convertible into other
currencies. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends to us. For more details, see
“Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions
on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends
to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business,” and “—Government control of currency conversion and future
fluctuation of Renminbi exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition, and may reduce the
value of, and dividends payable on, our Shares in foreign currency terms.”
Financial Information Related to the Consolidated Variable Interest Entity
The following tables present the condensed consolidating schedule of financial position for the consolidated variable interest entity and other
entities as of the dates presented.
Selected Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income Information
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 1)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 1)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 1)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Operating
revenue
Brokerage
commission
income
Other income
Total operating
revenue
Operating costs
and expenses
Cost of revenue
Other cost
Total operating
costs
Selling expenses
General and
administrative
expenses
Research and
development
expenses
Total operating
costs and
expenses
Operating (loss)
income
Other income/
(expenses)
Interest
(expenses)/
income
Unrealized
exchange
(loss)/income
Investment income
Others, net
Profit before
income tax, and
share of
(loss)/income of
equity method
investee
Income tax
expense
Share of
income/(loss) of
equity method
investee
Share of
income/(loss) of
subsidiaries and
VIE
Net profit/(loss)
Net profit/(loss)
attributable to
non-controlling
interests
Net profit/(loss)
attributable to
Huize Holding
Limited
Net (loss)/profit
attributable to
common
shareholders
Net profit/(loss)
Foreign currency
translation
adjustment, net
of tax
Comprehensive
income/(loss)
Comprehensive
income/(loss)
attributable to
non-controlling
interests
Comprehensive
income/ (loss)
attributable to
Huize Holding
Limited
—
1,269
865
—
— 2,231,388
11,494
—
1,269
865
— 2,242,882
—
—
—
2,232,253
12,763
—
1,553
1,562
—
— 1,107,090
49,223
—
—
(1,520)
1,108,652
49,256
—
1,643
19,661
926
— 1,124,872
48,450
—
2,245,016
1,553
1,562
— 1,156,313
(1,520)
1,157,908
1,643
20,587
— 1,173,322
—
—
—
—
(317)
—
— (1,687,770)
(2,670)
—
(1,688,087)
(2,670)
(317)
(4,268)
— (1,690,440)
(346,305)
—
—
—
(1,690,757)
(350,573)
—
—
—
—
(942)
—
—
—
(705,067)
(28,282)
(942)
(1,250)
—
(1,520)
(733,349)
(230,414)
—
—
—
1,520
(706,009)
(28,282)
(734,291)
(231,664)
—
—
—
—
(17,151)
(1,019)
(18,170)
(2,653)
—
—
(711,917)
(18,919)
—
—
(730,836)
(201,608)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,144,533
51,019
1,195,552
(729,068)
(19,938)
(749,006)
(204,261)
(5,994)
(18,751)
(52)
(172,822)
—
(197,619)
(4,614)
(13,514)
(68)
(136,519)
—
(154,715)
(5,996)
(12,165)
(108)
(101,135)
—
(119,404)
—
—
—
(120,478)
—
(120,478)
—
—
—
(80,911)
—
(80,911)
—
—
—
(71,842)
—
(71,842)
(5,994)
(23,336)
(52) (2,330,045)
—
(2,359,427)
(4,614)
(15,706)
(1,588) (1,181,193)
1,520
(1,201,581)
(5,996)
(32,988)
(108) (1,105,421)
—
(1,144,513)
(4,725)
(22,471)
(52)
(87,163)
—
(114,411)
(3,061)
(14,144)
(1,588)
(24,880)
—
(43,673)
(4,353)
(12,401)
(108)
67,901
51,039
—
—
4
840
42
(4,092)
—
(3,206)
—
525
5
(5,592)
—
(5,062)
1
1,946
1
841
—
2,789
—
—
—
(59)
(3,959)
—
—
—
—
—
(1,369)
12,627
(4,721)
(25,649)
(10)
(79,997)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(59)
(5,328)
12,627
—
—
—
(84)
(2,784)
257
5
—
1,292
—
568
17,941
(110,377)
(3,061)
(16,230)
(286)
(11,963)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(79)
(2,216)
19,490
(1)
—
—
(435)
(179)
1
—
—
—
—
(1,477)
18,400
(31,540)
(4,353)
(11,068)
(107)
85,665
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(436)
(1,656)
18,401
70,137
—
—
—
—
2,660
—
2,660
—
—
—
(2,200)
—
(2,200)
—
—
—
417
—
417
(102,945)
(107,666)
(77,296)
(102,945)
(77,286)
(77,296)
—
(77,337)
257,527(i)
257,527
—
(107,717)
(28,126)
(31,187)
(11,896)
(28,126)
(11,610)
(11,896)
—
(14,163)
51,632
51,632
—
(33,740)
74,541
70,188
85,609
74,541
85,716
85,609
—
86,082
(245,866)(i)
(245,866)
—
70,554
—
—
—
(51)
—
(51)
—
—
—
(2,553)
—
(2,553)
—
—
—
366
—
366
(107,666)
(102,945)
(77,296)
(77,286)
257,527
(107,666)
(31,187)
(28,126)
(11,896)
(11,610)
51,632
(31,187)
70,188
74,541
85,609
85,716
(245,866)
70,188
(107,666)
(102,945)
(77,296)
(77,286)
257,527
(107,666)
(31,187)
(28,126)
(11,896)
(11,610)
(107,666)
(102,945)
(77,296)
(77,337)
257,527
(107,717)
(31,187)
(28,126)
(11,896)
(14,163)
51,632
51,632
(31,187)
70,188
74,541
85,609
85,716
(245,866)
(33,740)
70,188
74,541
85,609
86,082
(245,866)
70,188
70,554
(5,323)
1,742
—
—
(1,742)(ii)
(5,323)
9,600
(14,324)
—
—
14,324(ii)
9,600
3,635
(5,340)
—
—
5,340(ii)
3,635
(112,989)
(101,203)
(77,296)
(77,337)
255,785
(113,040)
(21,587)
(42,450)
(11,896)
(14,163)
65,956
(24,140)
73,823
69,201
85,609
86,082
(240,526)
74,189
—
—
—
(51)
—
(51)
—
—
—
(2,553)
—
(2,553)
—
—
—
366
—
366
(112,989)
(101,203)
(77,296)
(77,286)
255,785
(112,989)
(21,587)
(42,450)
(11,896)
(11,610)
65,956
(21,587)
73,823
69,201
85,609
85,716
(240,526)
73,823
Note 1:
(i)
(ii)
The elimination represents equity pick-up of net profits and losses in the subsidiaries of the parent company, WFOE and the VIE and its subsidiaries.
The elimination represents equity pick-up of other comprehensive income in the subsidiaries of the parent company.
10
Table of Contents
Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Information
As of December 31, 2022
As of December 31, 2023
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
Company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 2)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
Company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 2)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
29,687
54,107
50,743
—
76,688
—
—
115,946
461
12,495
419
340,546
947,006
30,000
211,905
37,514
2,728
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash
equivalent, net
Restricted cash
Short-term
investments
Contract Assets, net
Accounts
receivable, net
Insurance premium
receivables, net
Amount due from
related parties
Deferred costs
Prepaid expense
and other
receivables, net
Total current
assets
Non-current assets
Restricted cash
Property, Plant and
Equipment, net
Intangible assets,
net
Deferred tax assets
Long-term
investments
Investment in
subsidiaries
Investment in VIE
Operating lease
right-of-use
assets
Goodwill
Contract Assets, net
Other Assets
Total non-current
5,613
—
65,124
43,459
650
—
205,781
55,458
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
49,888
—
429
—
250,238
—
—
—
1,792
149
—
—
—
—
—
340
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
277,168
98,917
5,296
—
84,285
—
537
—
159,140
42,307
—
49,888
—
—
—
—
—
—
8,879
41,481
250,667
—
3,142
—
175,152
1,792
—
—
—
927
489
—
106
—
—
—
—
—
277
6,147
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
249,258
42,307
8,879
41,481
178,294
927
383
6,147
316,172
641 129,005
96,987
(470,987)(i)
71,818 306,894
2,285 129,011
102,729
(462,135)(i)
78,784
321,934
109,653 129,655
660,484
(470,987)
750,739 312,296
89,712 129,548
537,039
(462,135)
606,460
—
—
—
—
—
385
—
38,133
—
—
2,647
—
—
—
50,851
—
—
11,055
—
66,250
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
29,687
38,518
—
286
—
53,821
53,498
—
—
—
5,296
—
—
—
45,447
—
77,305
—
10,021
—
66,667
—
—
—
—
—
44,307
—
237,613
—
— 107,958
—
—
(281,920)(ii)
(107,958)(ii)
— 118,319
—
—
328,410
—
— 198,862
—
—
(446,729)(ii)
(198,862)(ii)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
162,180
461
6,634
279
—
—
—
—
162,180
461
6,634
279
—
—
—
—
534
—
—
419
—
—
—
—
115,412
461
12,495
—
—
—
—
—
44,307
366,241
251,700 107,958
361,353 237,613
324,788
985,272
(389,878)
(860,865)
338,875 118,319
1,089,614 430,615
344,966 198,862
434,678 328,410
323,990
(645,591)
861,029 (1,107,726)
assets
Total assets
Liabilities, and
Shareholders’
Equity
Short-term
borrowings
Accounts payable
Insurance premium
payables
Contract liabilities
Other payables and
—
—
—
3,332
—
273
—
—
—
—
150,000
261,993
—
—
27,567
702
—
—
—
—
150,000
262,266
—
—
—
7,318
—
—
30,000
204,587
27,567
4,034
—
1,783
—
—
—
—
37,514
945
—
—
—
—
accrued expenses 17,892
316,210
—
195,136
(470,987)(i)
58,251 17,896
307,383
—
171,706
(462,135)(i)
34,850
Payroll and welfare
payable
Income taxes
payable
Operating lease
liabilities
Amount due to
related parties
Total current
liabilities
Non-current
liabilities
Long-term
borrowings
Deferred tax
liabilities
Operating lease
liabilities
Payroll and welfare
payable
Total non-current
liabilities
Total liabilities
Shareholders’
equity
Common shares
Class A common
shares
Class B common
shares
Treasury stock
Additional paid-in
4,138
126
—
39,674
—
—
—
2,440
—
—
—
10,075
—
—
—
495
—
—
—
—
43,938
5,583
—
—
50,624
2,440
—
—
—
2,440
10,075
—
581
—
16,368
495
—
—
—
2,451
—
—
—
—
56,207
2,440
16,949
2,451
25,362
316,609
—
688,082
(470,987)
559,066 25,262
315,282
—
516,635
(462,135)
395,044
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
437
12,054
12,491
—
1,077
—
10,971
—
—
—
176,032
—
—
—
—
—
—
176,032
—
—
—
129,299
—
200
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
25,362
437
317,046
—
188,086
876,168
—
(470,987)
188,523
200
747,589 25,462
1,077
316,359
—
—
140,270
656,905
—
(462,135)
129,989
44,766
(174,755)(ii)
—
— 129,989
44,766
(174,755)(ii)
62
—
—
—
10
(15,306)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
62
62
—
—
—
10
10
(15,306) (28,580)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
12,048
129,299
200
141,547
536,591
—
62
10
(28,580)
capital
904,935
522,532 515,318
470,553 (1,508,403)(ii)
904,935 905,958
524,640 517,540
472,775 (1,514,955)(ii)
905,958
Accumulated other
comprehensive
loss
Accumulated
(17,695)
(12,128)
—
—
12,128(ii)
(17,695) (14,060)
(17,468)
—
—
17,468(ii)
(14,060)
(deficit)/equity
(531,127)
(466,097) (407,694)
(407,361) 1,281,152(ii)
(531,127) (458,237)
(388,853) (319,119)
(318,679) 1,026,651(ii)
(458,237)
Total
shareholders’
equity
attributable to
Huize Holding
Limited
shareholders
Non-controlling
interests
Total shareholders’
equity
Total liabilities
and
shareholders’
equity
340,879
44,307 237,613
107,958
(389,878)
340,879 405,153
118,319 328,410
198,862
(645,591)
405,153
—
—
—
1,146
—
1,146
—
—
—
5,262
—
5,262
340,879
44,307 237,613
109,104
(389,878)
342,025 405,153
118,319 328,410
204,124
(645,591)
410,415
366,241
361,353 237,613
985,272
(860,865)
1,089,614 430,615
434,678 328,410
861,029 (1,107,726)
947,006
11
Table of Contents
Note 2:
(i)
(ii)
The elimination mainly represents inter-company loans among the parent company, the subsidiaries of the parent company, WFOE and the VIE.
The elimination represents offsetting entries for investment of the parent company against the equities of the subsidiaries of parent company and the VIE.
Selected Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows Information
For the Year Ended December 31, 2021
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 3)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 3)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Parent
company
RMB’000
Subsidiaries
of parent
company
RMB’000
WFOE
RMB’000
VIE and its
subsidiaries
RMB’000
Elimination
(Note 3)
RMB’000
Consolidated
RMB’000
Net cash
provided
by/(used in)
operating
activities
Cash flows
from
investing
activities:
Purchase of
long-term
investment
Purchase of
short-term
investment
Purchase of
property,
equipment
and
intangible
assets
Proceeds from
disposal of
Properly,
equipment
and
intangible
assets
Acquisition of
subsidiary,
net of cash
paid
Investment in
subsidiaries
from parent
Investment in
WFOE from
subsidiaries
Payments of
inter-
company
balances
Proceeds from
disposal of
investments
Repayment
from a third
Party
Interests
received
Others
Net cash
provided
by/(used in)
investing
activities
—
—
—
874
1,645
(23,000)
—
1,075
361
(4,576)
(18,487)
(10)
(152,844)
—
(175,917)
18,473
(34,064)
(382)
(69,094)
—
(85,067)
2,903
(14,971)
(112)
149,531
—
137,351
—
(11,013)
—
(22,601)
—
(33,614)
—
—
—
(10,000)
—
(10,000)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(9,968)
—
(9,968)
—
(702)
—
(37,359)
—
(38,061)
—
(50)
—
(16,773)
—
(16,823)
—
(434)
—
(30,090)
—
(30,524)
—
19
—
961
—
980
—
4
—
1,044
—
1,048
—
—
—
955
—
955
(2,487)
—
(11,805)
—
(14,292)
—
—
—
(25,964)
—
(25,964)
—
(2,441)
—
—
—
(2,441)
(247)
—
—
—
247(i)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(129,504)
—
—
129,504(ii)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(161,216)
— (128,000)
(5,050)
294,260(iii)
—
(23,376)
—
(6,041)
—
29,417(i)
—
(6)
(10,065)
—
—
10,071(iii)
—
2,930
—
890
3,820
—
—
—
700
700
—
874
—
—
—
Cash received
for disposal
of
subsidiary
Advances to a
—
—
—
third party
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
241
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3,640
—
—
—
—
(26,000)
—
—
—
—
16,000
—
241
—
—
—
—
—
—
876
237
—
—
—
—
—
3,640
—
—
—
1,645
(26,000)
—
—
—
(23,000)
16,000
—
—
—
—
876
237
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,075
361
—
—
—
—
—
(161,463)
(140,757) (128,000)
(74,723)
424,017
(80,926)
(23,376)
(46)
(6,041)
(56,240)
29,417
(56,286)
(6)
(12,066)
—
(59,022)
10,071
(61,023)
Cash flows
from
financing
activities:
Proceeds from
borrowings
Repayments of
borrowings
Proceeds from
inter-
company
balances
Repurchase of
Class A
common
shares
Proceeds from
exercise of
share option
Cash received
by
subsidiaries
from
minority
shareholders
Capital
injection
from
subsidiaries
Net cash
provided
by/(used in)
financing
activities
Effect of
exchange
rate changes
on cash and
cash
equivalents
—
—
—
—
184,000
—
—
(40,503)
—
—
184,000
—
—
—
270,200
(40,503)
—
—
—
(367,524)
—
—
270,200
—
—
—
37,000
(367,524)
—
—
—
(161,473)
—
—
37,000
(161,473)
—
161,216
5,050
128,000
(294,266)(iii)
—
—
23,376
—
6,041
(29,417)(iii)
—
9,461
6
—
604
(10,071)(iii)
—
(3,003)
—
—
—
—
(3,003)
(6,659)
—
—
—
—
(6,659)
(13,392)
—
—
—
—
(13,392)
497
—
—
247
(247)(i)
497
—
—
—
—
—
560
—
—
—
—
560
—
—
—
900
—
900
—
—
—
2,850
—
2,850
—
—
—
3,750
—
3,750
—
— 129,504
—
(129,504)(ii)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(2,506)
161,216 134,554
272,644
(424,017)
141,891
(6,659)
23,376
—
(88,433)
(29,417)
(101,133)
(3,371)
6
—
(120,119)
(10,071)
(133,555)
(2,381)
(2,631)
—
—
—
(5,012)
884
8,703
—
—
—
9,587
158
2,756
—
—
—
2,914
Net increase in
cash and
cash
equivalents
and
restricted
cash
Total cash and
cash
equivalents
and
restricted
cash at
beginning of
year
Total cash and
cash
equivalents
and
restricted
cash at end
of year
(170,926)
(659)
6,544
45,077
—
(119,964)
(10,678)
(2,031)
(6,423)
(213,767)
—
(232,899)
(316)
(24,275)
(112)
(29,610)
—
(54,313)
187,217
111,273
529
429,929
—
728,948
16,291
110,614
7,073
475,006
—
608,984
5,613
108,583
650
261,239
—
376,085
16,291
110,614
7,073
475,006
—
608,984
5,613
108,583
650
261,239
—
376,085
5,297
84,308
538
231,629
—
321,772
Table of Contents
Note 3:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
The elimination represents the cash flow from exercise of share option between the parent company and the VIE and its subsidiaries.
The elimination represents inter-company capital injections between the subsidiaries of the parent company and WFOE.
The elimination mainly represents inter-company loans among the parent company, the subsidiaries of the parent company, WFOE and the VIE.
Selected Consolidated Financial Data
The following selected consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss)/income data for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023,
selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, and selected consolidated cash flow data for the years ended December 31,
2021, 2022 and 2023 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report. The following
selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 have been derived from our audited consolidated
financial statements not included in this annual report. The following selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021,
and selected consolidate cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial
statements that are not included in this annual report. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate results expected for any future periods. The
selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to, our audited consolidated
financial statements and related notes and “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” below. Our consolidated financial statements are
prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or U.S. GAAP.
Summary Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive (Loss)/Income
Operating revenue
Brokerage income
Other income
Total operating revenue
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of revenue(1)
Other cost
Total operating costs
Selling expenses(1)
General and administrative expenses(1)
Research and development expenses(1)
Total operating costs and expenses
Operating (loss)/profit
Other income/(expenses)
Interest income/(expenses)
Unrealized exchange income/(loss)
Investment income/(loss)
Others, net
(Loss)/profit before income tax, and share
of income of equity method investee
Income tax expense
Share of income/(loss) of equity method
investee
Net (loss)/profit
Net (loss)/profit attributable to
non-controlling interests
Net (loss)/profit attributable to Huize
Holding Limited
Redeemable preferred shares redemption
value accretion
Allocation to redeemable preferred shares
Net (loss)/profit attributable to common
shareholders
Weighted average number of common shares
used in computing net (loss)/profit per
share
Basic and diluted
Net (loss)/profit per share attributable to
common shareholders
Basic and diluted
2019
RMB
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
US$
(in thousands, except for percentages, share and per share data)
For the Year Ended December 31,
982,124
11,195
993,319
1,215,434
4,788
1,220,222
2,232,253
12,763
2,245,016
1,108,652
49,256
1,157,908
1,144,533
51,019
1,195,552
(629,531)
(1,837)
(631,368)
(164,665)
(161,816)
(33,831)
(991,680)
1,639
(813,507)
(2,846)
(816,353)
(230,438)
(150,207)
(49,135)
(1,246,133)
(25,911)
(1,688,087)
(2,670)
(1,690,757)
(350,573)
(197,619)
(120,478)
(2,359,427)
(114,411)
(706,009)
(28,282)
(734,291)
(231,664)
(154,715)
(80,911)
(1,201,581)
(43,673)
(729,068)
(19,938)
(749,006)
(204,261)
(119,404)
(71,842)
(1,144,513)
51,039
(190)
362
718
12,676
(1,157)
(9)
137
10,177
(3,206)
(59)
(5,328)
12,627
15,205
(57)
(16,763)
(1,768)
(110,377)
—
(180)
14,968
239
(18,292)
2,660
(107,717)
(5,062)
(79)
(2,216)
19,490
(31,540)
—
(2,200)
(33,740)
2,789
(436)
(1,656)
18,401
70,137
—
417
70,554
161,204
7,186
168,390
(102,686)
(2,808)
(105,494)
(28,770)
(16,818)
(10,119)
(161,201)
7,189
393
(61)
(233)
2,592
9,880
—
59
9,939
66
—
(51)
(2,553)
366
52
14,902
(18,292)
(107,666)
(31,187)
70,188
9,887
(32,854)
(7,431)
(4,274)
1,074
—
—
—
—
(25,383)
(21,492)
(107,666)
(31,187)
70,188
9,887
452,445,068 963,817,614 1,021,861,206 1,021,958,881 1,000,940,698 1,000,940,698
(0.06)
(0.02)
(0.11)
(0.03)
0.07
0.01
13
Table of Contents
(1)
Share-based compensation expenses were allocated in operating costs and expenses as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
2019
2021
RMB RMB RMB
2020
2022
2023
RMB RMB
US$
Cost of revenue
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Total
43
410
6,514 10,642
87,980 40,820
381
(in thousands)
(387)
(1)
11
(475) 1,041 286 40
(665) 9,151 1,997 282
208 (167) (24)
(297)
94,958 52,253 (1,824) 10,411 2,109 297
421
(7)
The following table presents our selected consolidated balance sheet data as of the dates indicated:
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
Cash and cash equivalents, net
Restricted cash (including amounts of the consolidated VIE of
RMB136,706 thousand, RMB193,470 thousand, RMB126,715 thousand,
RMB30,578 thousand and RMB42,103 thousand as of December 31, 2019,
2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Accounts receivable, net
Long-term investments
Total assets
Accounts payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its
subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of RMB124,441 thousand,
RMB227,532 thousand, RMB680,183 thousand, RMB261,993 thousand
and RMB204,587 thousand as of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
and 2023, respectively)
Insurance premium payables (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and
its subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of
RMB125,587 thousand, RMB187,219 thousand, RMB124,019 thousand,
RMB27,567 thousand and RMB37,514 thousand as of December 31, 2019,
2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Other payables and accrued expenses (including amounts of the consolidated
VIE and its subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of
RMB37,678 thousand, RMB39,421 thousand, RMB207,462 thousand,
RMB195,136 thousand and RMB171,706 thousand as of December 31,
2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Payroll and welfare payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and
its subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of RMB43,831 thousand,
RMB52,564 thousand, RMB92,094 thousand and RMB39,674 thousand
and RMB50,624 thousand as of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and
2023, respectively)
Income taxes payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its
subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of RMB206 thousand,
RMB2,440 thousand, RMB2,440 thousand, RMB2,440 thousand and
RMB2,440 thousand as of December 31, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023,
respectively)
Total liabilities
Total mezzanine equity
Total shareholders’ (deficit)/equity
Total liabilities, mezzanine equity and shareholders’ (deficit)/equity
14
2019
RMB
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
US$
As of December 31,
(in thousands)
88,141 404,618 381,158 277,168 249,258 35,107
161,186 324,330 227,826
5,959
180,393 232,589 777,262 250,667 178,294 25,112
23,395
77,305 76,688 10,801
73,001
508,805 1,335,976 1,857,454 1,089,614 947,006 133,383
98,917 42,307
46,084
124,441 227,532 680,369 262,266 211,905 29,846
125,587 187,219 124,019
27,567 37,514
5,284
30,211
31,153
71,255
58,251 34,850
4,909
43,993
63,919
93,451
43,938 56,207
7,917
206
2,440
344
2,440
362,831 867,293 1,496,541 747,589 536,591 75,577
454,627
— — —
—
(308,653) 468,683 360,913 342,025 410,415 57,806
508,805 1,335,976 1,857,454 1,089,614 947,006 133,383
2,440
2,440
—
Table of Contents
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated cash flow data for the years indicated:
2019
RMB
2020
RMB
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
US$
For the Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)
118,024 137,666 (175,917) (85,067) 137,351 19,345
(6,927) (31,078) (80,926) (56,286) (61,023) (8,594)
(14,079) 383,053 141,891 (101,133) (133,555) (18,811)
410
97,056 479,621 (119,964) (232,899) (54,313) (7,650)
152,271 249,327 728,948 608,984 376,085 52,970
249,327 728,948 608,984 376,085 321,772 45,320
38 (10,020)
(5,012)
2,914
9,587
Summary Consolidated Cash Flow Data:
Net cash (used in)/ provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease)/ increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the year
A.
B.
[Reserved]
Capitalization and Indebtedness
Not applicable.
C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
Not applicable.
D. Risk Factors
Summary of Risk Factors
An investment in our ADSs involves significant risks. Below is a summary of material risks we face, organized under headings. These risks are
discussed more fully in Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors.
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
Risks and uncertainties relating to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:
15
Table of Contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
we operate in the emerging, rapidly evolving and highly competitive online and offline insurance product and service industry, which
makes it difficult to predict our future prospects. Our historical operating and financial results may not be indicative of future performance
(Pages 18 to 19);
our businesses are highly regulated, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement of the laws, regulations and regulatory
requirements currently applicable to us are unclear, evolving and involve uncertainties. Non-compliance with applicable laws, regulations
and regulatory requirements or failure to respond to legal and regulatory changes may materially and adversely affect our business and
prospects (Pages 19 to 20);
we incurred operating losses and net losses in the past, and we may not be able to stay profitable in the future (Page 20);
our cooperation with user traffic channels is subject to changes in the regulatory requirements (Page 20);
our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and is subject to complex and evolving Chinese and international laws and
regulations regarding privacy, data protection and cybersecurity. Any failure to protect the confidential information of third parties or
improper use or disclosure of such data may subject us to liabilities imposed by data privacy and protection laws and regulations,
negatively impact our reputation, and deter our clients from using our products and services (Pages 21 to 22);
failure to obtain, renew or retain licenses, permits or approvals may affect our ability to conduct or expand our business (Page 23);
if we fail to source, design and develop insurance products catering to the evolving needs of insurance clients, we may not be able to retain
existing insurance clients or attract new insurance clients to our platform (Page 23);
we leverage our user traffic channels to attract new insurance clients to our platform and incur significant costs on paying our user traffic
channels service fees (Page 23);
any harm to our brand, failure to maintain and enhance our brand recognition, or failure to do so in a cost-effective manner may materially
and adversely affect our business and results of operations (Pages 23 to 24); and
we depend on our cooperation with our insurer partners. Our business may be negatively affected if our insurer partners do not continue
their relationship with us or if their operations fail (Page 24).
Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
Risks and uncertainties relating to our corporate structure include, but are not limited to, the following:
•
we are a Cayman Islands holding company with no equity ownership in the VIE and we conduct our operations in China primarily through
(i) the VIE with which we have maintained contractual arrangements, and (ii) the VIE’s subsidiaries in China. Investors in our ADSs thus
are not purchasing equity interest in the VIE in China but instead are purchasing equity interest in a Cayman Islands holding company. If
the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations in China do not comply
with PRC regulations relating to insurance brokerage, insurance agent and the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the
interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in
those operations. Our holding company, our PRC subsidiary, the VIE, and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future
actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently,
significantly affect the financial performance of the VIE and our company as a whole (Pages 37 to 38);
•
we rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE, and its shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective as equity
ownership in providing operational control (Page 38);
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•
•
•
•
•
the shareholders and directors of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, and if any such conflicts of interest are not
resolved in our favor, our business may be materially and adversely affected (Page 39);
substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted PRC Foreign Investment Law and
its Implementation Regulations and how they may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business
operations and financial results (Page 39);
Cayman Islands economic substance requirements may have an effect on our business and operations (Page 40);
our ability to enforce the equity pledge agreements between us and the shareholders of the VIE may be subject to limitations based on PRC
laws and regulations (Page 40);
if the VIE and its subsidiaries becomes the subject of a bankruptcy or liquidation proceeding, we may lose the ability to use and enjoy their
assets, which could reduce the size of our operations and materially and adversely affect our business (Pages 40 to 41);
our contractual arrangements with the VIE may result in adverse tax consequences to us (Page 41);
contractual arrangements we have entered into among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax
authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE and its subsidiaries owe additional taxes, which could substantially reduce our
consolidated net profit and the value of your investment (Page 41); and
we may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we
may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to
conduct our business (Pages 41 to 42).
Risks Relating to Doing Business in China
We are also subject to risks and uncertainties relating to doing business in China in general, including, but are not limited to, the following:
•
•
•
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•
•
the PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and
the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such
inspections (Page 43);
our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or
investigate completely auditors located in China. The delisting or prohibition of trading of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted or
prohibited from trading, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. (Pages 43 to 44);
the approval of and filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore offerings
under PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such filing
(Pages 44 to 45);
the PRC government’s significant oversight and discretion over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our
operations and the value of our ADSs (Pages 45 to 46);
adverse changes in China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as laws and government policies, may materially and
adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects (Page 46);
we are subject to the changes, interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations in mainland China (Pages 46 to 47);
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we may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulations of internet-related businesses and
companies, and any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our
business and results of operations (Page 47);
we face uncertainties with respect to the enactment, interpretation and implementation of the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet
Platform Economy Sector (Page 48);
government control of currency conversion and future fluctuation of Renminbi exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our
results of operations and financial condition, and may reduce the value of, and dividends payable on, our Shares in foreign currency terms
(Page 48); and
you may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or
our directors and management named in the annual report based on foreign laws (Pages 48 to 49).
Risks Relating to Our ADSs
In addition to the risks described above, we are subject to general risks relating to our ADSs, including but not limited to the following:
•
•
•
•
•
if we fail to regain compliance on Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement, or fail to meet other continued listing requirements, our ADSs
could be subject to delisting, which may significantly reduce the liquidity of our ADSs and cause further declines to the market price of our
ADSs (Page 55);
the trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors (Page 55);
if securities or industry analysts do not publish or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or if they adversely
change their recommendations regarding our ADSs, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline (Page 56);
techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our ADSs (Page 56); and
our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change
of control transactions that holders of our Class A common shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial (Page 56).
Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry
We operate in the emerging, rapidly evolving and highly competitive online and offline insurance product and service industry, which makes it
difficult to predict our future prospects. Our historical operating and financial results may not be indicative of future performance.
We operate in China’s online and offline insurance product and service industry, which is rapidly evolving and may not develop as we anticipate.
The online insurance product and service industry is relatively new, and business models continue to evolve. The regulatory framework governing the
insurance industry is also developing and may remain uncertain in the near future. As our business develops and in response to the evolving client needs
and market competition, we will continue to introduce new insurance products and services, improve our existing products and services, or adjust and
optimize our business model. In response to new regulatory requirements or industry standards, or in connection with the introduction of new products,
we may impose more rigorous risk management system and/or policies, which may negatively affect the growth of our business. Any significant change
to our business model may not achieve expected results and may have a material and adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
It is therefore difficult to effectively predict our future prospects.
The risks and challenges we encounter or may encounter in this emerging, dynamic and competitive market may have impacts on our business and
prospects. These risks and challenges include our ability to, among other things:
•
navigate in an evolving and complex regulatory environment;
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grow our insurance client base in a cost-efficient manner;
develop and launch diversified and distinguishable products to effectively address the evolving needs of our insurance clients;
develop and maintain relationships with our existing business partners and attract new business partners;
enhance and maintain the recognition of our brand;
enhance our risk management capabilities;
maintain a reliable, secure, high-performance and scalable technology infrastructure;
attract, retain and motivate talented employees; and anticipate and adapt to changing market conditions, including technological
developments and changes in the competitive landscape.
If we fail to educate business partners and clients about the value of our platform and services, if the market for our products and services does not
develop as we expect, if we fail to address the needs of our target clients, or if we are not able to effectively tackle other risks and challenges that we
may encounter, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
Our businesses are highly regulated, and the administration, interpretation and enforcement of the laws, regulations and regulatory requirements
currently applicable to us are unclear, evolving and involve uncertainties. Non-compliance with applicable laws, regulations and regulatory
requirements or failure to respond to legal and regulatory changes may materially and adversely affect our business and prospects.
We operate in a highly regulated industry in China, and the regulatory regime continues to evolve. The regulatory authority has been enhancing its
supervision over this industry in recent years, and new laws, regulations and regulatory requirements have been promulgated and implemented from
time to time. We face challenges brought by these new laws, regulations and regulatory requirements, as well as uncertainties in the interpretation and
application thereof. Moreover, there are uncertainties as to how the regulatory environment might change.
China’s insurance regulatory regime is undergoing changes. On May 18, 2023, the National Administration of Financial Regulation was officially
established and has replaced the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, or the CBIRC, to become the new insurance regulatory body in
China. Further development of regulations applicable to us may result in additional restrictions on our business operations or more intensive competition
in this industry. We might be required to spend significant time and resources in order to comply with any material changes in the regulatory
environment, which could trigger significant changes to the competitive landscape of our industry and we may lose some or all of our competitive
advantages during this process. We may change the insurance product mix we offer online or offline in response to the changing market demands
following any change of regulatory requirements. We may add to our product mix insurance products offered online or offline that we have little
experience with, or reduce or cease the offering of insurance products that used to be popular, each of which may adversely affect our results of
operations. Our practice to expand into the offline insurance intermediary market also subjects us to applicable laws and regulations with respect to
offline insurance intermediary business, and we cannot assure you that we could fully comply with applicable laws and regulations or fully satisfy the
regulatory requirements, failure of which will subject us to regulatory reviews and inspections or even legal liabilities, which could negatively affect our
business and results of operations.
In addition, there are uncertainties with regard to how the changing laws, regulations and regulatory requirements would apply to our business.
The National Administration of Financial Regulation and its local counterparts have wide discretion in administration, interpretation and enforcement of
these laws, regulations and regulatory requirements, as well as authority to impose regulatory sanctions on industry participants. In certain
circumstances, it may be difficult to determine which actions or omissions may be deemed to be in violation of applicable laws, regulations or regulatory
requirements. For example, there is no guarantee that our marketing activities would not subject us to administrative measures with effect to be taken by
regulatory authorities. Furthermore, misconduct of our insurer partners, user traffic channels or other business partners in violation of any of these laws,
regulations or regulatory requirements might subject us to fines, civil or criminal liabilities, being required to modify or terminate part or all of our
business operations or even being disqualified from providing services to our insurer partners or insurance clients. The occurrence of any of the above
could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.
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Moreover, Chinese regulatory authorities may conduct various reviews and inspections on our business operations from time to time, which could
cover a broad range of aspects, including financial reporting, tax reporting, internal control and compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations.
If any non-compliance incidents in our business operation are identified, we may be required to take certain rectification measures in accordance with
applicable laws and regulations, or we may be subject to other regulatory actions such as administrative penalties.
We are in the process of rectifying all non-compliance incidents that we are aware of under the unclear and changing regulatory environment.
However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to fully rectify all non-compliance incidents in a timely manner or fully satisfy the regulatory
requirements, or we will not be subject to any future regulatory reviews and inspections where other non-compliance incidents might be identified,
which might materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
We incurred operating losses and net losses in the past, and we may not be able to stay profitable in the future.
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, we had net loss of RMB107.7 million, net loss of RMB33.7 million and net profit of
RMB70.6 million (US$9.9 million), respectively, and we had operating loss of RMB114.4 million, operating loss of RMB43.7 million and operating
profit of RMB51.0 million (US$7.2 million), respectively. Although we generated net profit in 2023, we cannot assure you that we will remain
profitable in the future. Our operating costs and expenses may increase in the foreseeable future as we continue to grow our business, acquire new
clients and further develop our insurance product and service offering and increase brand recognition. These efforts may prove more costly than we
currently anticipate, and we may not succeed in increasing our revenue sufficiently to offset these higher expenses. There are other factors that could
negatively affect our financial condition. For example, if we fail to compete successfully with our existing or potential competitors, or if our tailor-made
insurance products are not accepted by the market as we expect, we will receive lower-than-expected insurance brokerage income, and our financial
results will be adversely affected. If regulatory authorities promulgate new laws, regulations and regulatory requirements that limit our business
operations, especially with regard to our fee or cost model, our results of operations will suffer. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, our net
profit margins may decline or we may incur net losses again in the future, and may not be able to maintain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.
Our cooperation with user traffic channels is subject to changes in the regulatory requirements.
We leverage our user traffic channels to convert their user traffic to our insurance clients. On December 7, 2020, the CBIRC published the
Regulatory Measures for Online Insurance Business, or the Online Insurance Measures, which became effective on February 1, 2021. The Online
Insurance Measures require online insurance transactions being conducted through online surfaces operated by insurance institutions only. Under the
Online Insurance Measures, our user traffic channels or other business partners who are neither insurance companies nor insurance intermediaries are
forbidden to conduct online insurance business, including but not limited to: (i) providing insurance product consulting services; (ii) comparing
insurance products, conducting trial calculation of premium or quotation comparison; (iii) designing insurance application plans for policyholders;
(iv) going through insurance application procedures; and (v) collecting premiums. Furthermore, insurance institutions shall not, in internet insurance
sales or brokerage activities, pay commission fee or remuneration directly or in a disguised way to any person who has not carried out practice
registration with it. In addition, the regulatory authorities continually strengthen the regulation and administration on the sale and marketing activities of
insurance products and have released some new rules and regulations, such as the Administrative Measures for Insurance Sales Practices and the Notice
on Further Regulating Financial Marketing Campaigns. We have made rectifications in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations, including
changing our cooperative business model and terminating our cooperation with some user traffic channels that do not meet regulatory requirements.
However, we cannot assure you that our business operation after the rectification fully complies with regulatory requirements. In addition, we cannot
guarantee that these user traffic channels that we work with have rectified their operations to fully comply with these regulatory requirements. Failure of
us or our user traffic channels to comply with the regulatory requirements will subject us or the user traffic channels to warnings, fines, confiscation of
illegal gains and revocation of licenses, which will materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
Furthermore, under our agreements with certain insurer partners, we are not allowed to distribute their insurance products through user traffic
channels that fail to comply with the online insurance regulatory requirements. Therefore, we may breach the agreements with them if we distribute their
insurance products through user traffic channels that fail to comply with the online insurance regulatory requirements, which might subject us to
defaulting liabilities and adversely affect our financial condition.
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Our business generates and processes a large amount of data, and is subject to complex and evolving Chinese and international laws and
regulations regarding privacy, data protection and cybersecurity. Any failure to protect the confidential information of third parties or improper use
or disclosure of such data may subject us to liabilities imposed by data privacy and protection laws and regulations, negatively impact our
reputation, and deter our clients from using our products and services.
Our platform stores and processes certain personal and other sensitive data provided by insurance clients, and we make certain personal
information provided by clients or third-party data providers available to insurer partners with user consent. There are numerous laws regarding privacy
and the storing, sharing, use, disclosure and protection of personally identifiable information and data. Specifically, personally identifiable and other
confidential information is increasingly subject to legislation and regulations in PRC and numerous foreign jurisdictions. PRC government authorities
have enacted a series of laws and regulations relating to the protection of privacy and personal information, including, without limitation, the PRC
Cybersecurity Law and the PRC Data Security Law, under which internet service providers and other network operators are required to clearly indicate
the purposes, methods and scope of any information collection and usage, to obtain appropriate user consent and to establish user information protection
systems with appropriate remedial measures. However, this regulatory framework for privacy issues in China and worldwide is currently evolving and is
likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Since 2021, the PRC government authorities have promulgated a series of laws and regulations to build a system for cybersecurity review.
Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review, which was promulgated by the CAC and 12 other governmental authorities in December 2021 an became
effective on February 15, 2022, critical information infrastructure operators that procure internet products and services, as well as network platform
operators engaging in data processing activities, must be subject to a cybersecurity review if their activities affect or may affect national security. As of
the date of this annual report, no detailed rules or implementation has been issued by any authority. On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the
Regulations on the Network Data Security (Draft for Comments), which were open for public comments until December 13, 2021. Network Data
Security (Draft for Comments) provide that data processors shall apply for a cybersecurity review for activities such as merger, reorganization or
division, listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users’ personal information, the listing of data processors in Hong Kong
which affects or may affect national security, and other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. As of the date of this annual
report, the Regulations on the Network Data Security (Draft for Comments) have been released for public comment only, and the provisions and the
anticipated adoption or effective date are subject to substantial uncertainty. See “Item 4.B. Information on the Company—Business Overview—
Regulations—Regulations on Internet—Regulations on Information Security” for more details. Furthermore, the definition of “affects or may affect
national security” has not been clarified by any PRC regulatory authorities, and the PRC government authorities may have wide discretion in the
interpretation and enforcement of these laws. Due to the lack of further clarifications or detailed rules and regulations, there are still uncertainties as to
how the aforementioned rules will be interpreted or implemented, and it is unclear as to whether and to what extent listed companies like us will be
subject to these requirements. As of the date of this annual report, we have not been informed as a critical information infrastructure operator by any
government authorities, and we have not been involved in any formal investigations on cybersecurity review made by the CAC. However, if we are
subject to a cybersecurity review, or if the PRC regulatory agencies later promulgate new rules or interpretations that subject us to their approvals, we
may be unable to obtain a waiver for such requirements, and we may face penalties for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining approvals. If we are
required to comply with these requirements but fail to do so in a timely manner, or at all, our business operation, financial conditions and business
prospect, as well as the trading price of the ADSs, may be materially and adversely affected.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law,
which integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection and took effect on November 1, 2021. After
obtaining consent from users, we collect user personal information that is necessary to provide the corresponding services. We do not use any sensitive
personal information that is not related to the corresponding services in any manner that is not compliant with applicable laws and regulations. We
update our privacy policies from time to time to meet the latest regulatory requirements of the CAC and other authorities and adopt technical measures
to protect data and ensure cybersecurity. Nonetheless, the Personal Information Protection Law raises the protection requirements for processing
personal information, and many specific requirements of the Personal Information Protection Law remain to be clarified by the CAC, other regulatory
authorities, and courts in practice. We may be required to make further adjustments to our business practices to comply with the personal information
protection laws and regulations. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations— Regulations on Internet—
Regulations on Information Security.”
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The PRC Cyber Security Law, the PRC Data Security Law, the Personal Information Protection Law and other related laws and regulations as
mentioned above are relatively new and subject to interpretation by the regulators. Although we only gain access to user information that is necessary
for, and relevant to, the services provided, the data we obtain and use may include information that is deemed as “personal information,” “network data”
or “important data” under the data privacy and protection laws and regulations. As such, we have adopted a series of measures to ensure that we comply
with the laws and regulations in the collection, use, disclosure, sharing, storage, and security of user information and other data. The Data Security Law
also introduces a data classification and hierarchical protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and the
degree of harm it may cause to national security, public interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations if such data are
tampered with, destroyed, leaked, illegally acquired or illegally used. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations
—Regulations on Internet—Regulations on Information Security.” The exact scopes of important data and state core data remain unclear and may be
subject to further interpretation. If any data that we are in possession of constitutes important data or state core data, we may be required to adopt stricter
measures for protection and management of such data.
In addition, we may need to comply with increasingly complex and rigorous regulatory standards enacted to protect business and personal data in
Hong Kong, the U.S., Europe and elsewhere. For example, the European Union adopted the General Data Protection Regulation, or the GDPR, which
became effective on May 25, 2018. The GDPR imposes additional obligations on companies regarding the handling of personal data and provides
certain individual privacy rights to persons whose data is stored. Compliance with existing, proposed and recently enacted laws (including
implementation of the privacy and process enhancements called for under GDPR) and regulations can be costly; any failure to comply with these
regulatory standards could subject us to legal and reputational risks.
We generally comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our own privacy policies. Compliance with any additional laws could
be expensive, and may place restrictions on the conduct of our business and the manner in which we interact with our customers. Any failure to comply
with applicable regulations could also result in regulatory enforcement actions against us, and misuse of or failure to secure personal information could
also result in violation of data privacy laws and regulations, proceedings against us by governmental authorities or other authorities, damage to our
reputation and credibility and could have a negative impact on revenues and profits.
Significant capital and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such
breaches or to comply with our privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used
by hackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us
to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that
results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause our customers to lose trust in us
and could expose us to legal claims. Any perception by the public that online transactions or the privacy of user information are becoming increasingly
unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of online retail and other online services generally, which may reduce the number of orders we
receive.
We cannot assure you that our existing privacy and personal protection system and technical measures will be considered sufficient under
applicable laws and regulations. We could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations in China are expanded to require changes in business
practices or privacy policies, or if the PRC governmental authorities interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to laws, regulations and other applicable rules regarding privacy and privacy
advocacy, industry groups or other private parties may propose new and different privacy standards. Because the interpretation and application of
privacy and data protection laws and privacy standards are still uncertain, it is possible that these laws or privacy standards may be interpreted and
applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our practices. Any inability to adequately address privacy concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with
applicable privacy or data protection laws, regulations and privacy standards, could result in additional cost and liability for us, damage our reputation,
inhibit the use of our platform and harm our business.
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Failure to obtain, renew or retain licenses, permits or approvals may affect our ability to conduct or expand our business.
We are required to obtain applicable licenses, permits and approvals from different PRC regulatory authorities in order to conduct or expand our
business. In order to operate our internet-based insurance intermediary business, we have obtained, renewed and maintained our insurance intermediary
licenses, ICP license and electronic data interchange license, as required by the PRC regulatory authorities. However, we cannot assure you that we will
be able to obtain licenses and permits necessary to conduct all our future or innovative internet-based businesses, mobile businesses and related
businesses in China in a timely manner, failure of which may subject us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions. In addition, PRC regulatory
authorities may issue new regulations governing the internet or the insurance product and service industry that require us to obtain additional licenses,
permits or approvals for our current or future business operations. As a result, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain, maintain or renew
licenses, permits and approvals covering sufficient scope of business, in a timely manner or at all.
If we fail to source, design and develop insurance products catering to the evolving needs of insurance clients, we may not be able to retain existing
insurance clients or attract new insurance clients to our platform.
Our future growth depends on our ability to continue to attract new insurance clients and to generate new purchases from existing clients. We must
stay abreast of emerging client preferences and product trends that will appeal to existing and potential insurance clients. Our platform makes
personalized recommendations of insurance products to clients based on their needs, and offers a comprehensive suite of services to ensure a smooth and
efficient insurance experience. We also develop insurance products in cooperation with our insurer partners to meet the evolving needs of insurance
clients. Our ability to provide these products and services is dependent on our insurance expertise and our market data analytical capabilities. However,
there is no assurance that the insurance products and services that we design and develop together with our insurer partners will cater to the needs of
potential or existing insurance clients, sustain for a period of time that we expect them to, or be welcomed or accepted by the market at all. If insurance
clients cannot find their desired products on our platform at attractive prices and terms, or find their experience with us dissatisfactory, they may lose
trust in us and turn to other channels for their insurance needs, which in turn may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and
results of operations.
We leverage our user traffic channels to attract new insurance clients to our platform and incur significant costs on paying our user traffic channels
service fees.
In addition to growing our client base organically, we also cooperate with our user traffic channels to convert their user traffic to client base of our
platform. The terms of our agreements with user traffic channels are generally one to three years, subject to renewal. We believe that we generally
maintain good relationships with our user traffic channels. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain long-term cooperative
relationship with them. If our user traffic channels terminate their cooperation with us, do not renew their agreements with us, choose to work with our
competitors, or terminate their cooperation with us due to regulatory requirements, we may lose potential clients and our business and results of
operations will be negatively affected. In addition, if our user traffic channels lose influence over their traffic or otherwise fail to effectively convert their
users to our clients, our business and results of operations may suffer.
Furthermore, we have incurred significant expenses on paying our user traffic channels service fees and advertisement fees. If certain of our
existing user traffic channels require higher rates of service fees or we fail to negotiate favorable terms with them or find new user traffic channels, our
client acquisition costs may increase, and our results of operations may be adversely affected.
Any harm to our brand, failure to maintain and enhance our brand recognition, or failure to do so in a cost-effective manner may materially and
adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We believe that the recognition and reputation of our “Huize” brand among our insurance clients, insurer partners, user traffic channels and other
industry participants have contributed significantly to the growth and success of our business. Maintaining and enhancing the recognition and reputation
of our brand are critical to our business and competitiveness. Many factors, some of which are beyond our control, are important to maintain and
enhance our brand. These factors include our ability to:
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provide compelling products and insurance experience to clients;
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maintain or improve satisfaction with our client services;
increase brand awareness through marketing and brand promotion activities;
maintain the reliability of our platform and technology-based systems;
preserve our reputation and goodwill in the event of any negative publicity on us, our partners or the industry in general; and
maintain our cooperative relationships with business partners.
If we are unable to maintain our reputation, enhance our brand recognition or increase positive awareness of our platform, products and services, it
may be difficult to maintain and grow our client base, and our business and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, if we are unable to conduct our branding and marketing activities cost-effectively, our financial condition and results of operations
may be materially and adversely affected. We have incurred expenses on a variety of different sales and marketing efforts designed to enhance our brand
recognition and increase sales of insurance products on our platform. Our marketing and promotional activities may not be well received by clients and
may not achieve anticipated results. Marketing approaches and tools in insurance market in China are evolving. This further requires us to enhance our
marketing approaches and experiment with new marketing methods to keep pace with industry developments and consumer preferences, which may not
be as cost-effective as our marketing activities in the past and may lead to significantly higher marketing expenses in the future. Failure to refine our
existing marketing approaches or to introduce new effective marketing approaches in a cost-effective manner could impact our revenues and
profitability.
We depend on our cooperation with our insurer partners. Our business may be negatively affected if our insurer partners do not continue their
relationship with us or if their operations fail.
Our relationship with insurer partners is crucial to our success. We generate a substantial portion of our revenues from commission fees paid by
insurer partners. Certain insurer partners have accounted for a significant portion of our revenues in the past. Our five largest insurer partners in terms of
operating revenue contribution aggregately accounted for 78.4%, 56.5% and 57.4% of our total operating revenue in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
While we continually seek to diversify our insurer partners, there can be no assurance that the concentration will decrease. Our ability to attract clients
depends on the quantity and quality of insurance products offered by insurer partners on our platform. We provide intelligent underwriting services and
integrated solutions to our insurer partners. Our arrangements with our insurer partners are typically not exclusive, and they may have similar
arrangements with our competitors. If insurer partners are dissatisfied with our services and solutions or find us ineffective in enhancing their
profitability, they may terminate their relationships with us and decide to cooperate with our competitors.
Moreover, insurance companies we work with may develop their own technology capabilities to serve insurance clients online. There can be no
assurance that we can maintain relationships with our existing insurer partners on commercially desirable terms. If we fail to prove that our technology
capabilities could help improve their operating efficiency or are otherwise valuable to them, our business, financial performance and prospects will be
materially and adversely affected.
Furthermore, if our insurer partners or the reinsurance companies they partner with fail to properly fulfill their obligations as insurers under the
insurance policies sold on our platform, our clients may lose faith in our platform. If our insurer partners or the reinsurance companies they partner with
become insolvent, our clients may not be able to realize the protection expected from the insurance policies, which will negatively affect our reputation
and results of operations.
If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results.
We are subject to reporting obligations under the U.S. securities laws. The SEC, as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,
adopted rules requiring every public company to include a management report on such company’s internal control over financial reporting in its annual
report, which contains management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting. We have been subject to
such requirement starting from fiscal year 2020. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as such term is defined in the
Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (as amended by the Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act of 2015), or the JOBS Act, an
independent registered public accounting firm for a public company may be required to issue an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal
control over financial reporting.
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In the course of preparing our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we identified one material weakness
in our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023. In accordance with reporting requirements set forth by the SEC, a “material
weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a
material misstatement of our company’s annual consolidated financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material
weakness identified in our internal control relates to the lack of sufficient and competent financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate
knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to formalize key controls over financial reporting and to prepare consolidated financial
statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements. As a result of the identification of this
material weakness, we have implemented a series of measures to address the material weaknesses, such as conducting regular U.S. GAAP accounting
and financial reporting training programs for accounting and financial reporting personnel. Although the remediation measures were implemented, they
will require validation and testing of the operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained period of financial reporting cycles. As a result, the
previously identified material weakness still existed as of December 31, 2023. We plan to continue to implement measures to remedy the identified
material weakness. See “Item 15. Controls and Procedures—Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” However, we
can give no assurance that the implementation of these measures will be sufficient to eliminate this material weakness or any other material weakness or
significant deficiency in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Our failure to implement and maintain effective
internal controls over financial reporting could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of our financial statements,
cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which may result in
volatility in and a decline in the market price of the ADSs.
During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify
other weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, if we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control
over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing
basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Moreover, even if our management concludes that
our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing
if and when required, may issue a report that is qualified if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented,
designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the requirements differently from us.
If we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, we could suffer material misstatements in our financial statements and
fail to meet our reporting obligations, which would likely cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information. This could in turn
limit our access to capital markets, harm our results of operations, and lead to a decline in the trading price of our ADSs. Additionally, ineffective
internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from
the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial
statements from prior periods.
We may not be able to ensure the accuracy and completeness of product information and the effectiveness of our recommendation of insurance
products on our platform.
Our insurance clients rely on the insurance product information we provide on our platform. While we believe that such information is generally
accurate, complete and reliable, there can be no assurance that the accuracy, completeness or reliability of the information can be maintained in the
future. If we provide any inaccurate or incomplete information on our platform due to either our own fault or that of our insurer partners, or we fail to
present accurate or complete information of any insurance products which could lead to our clients’ failure to get the protection or us being warned or
punished by regulatory authorities, our reputation could be harmed and we could experience reduced user traffic to our platform, which may adversely
affect our business and financial performance.
We may not be able to recommend suitable insurance products to our clients. Our search and recommendation engine may fail to function
properly. The data provided to us by our clients, insurer partners and user traffic channels may not be accurate or up to date. Our professional
consultation team may not fully understand the clients’ insurance needs and certain terms of insurance products, and may therefore provide inaccurate
information and recommend unsuitable products to clients. If our clients are recommended insurance products that do not suit their protection needs,
they may lose trust in our platform. Meanwhile, our insurer partners may find our recommendation ineffective. Our insurance clients and insurer
partners may consequently be reluctant to continue to use our platform, and our insurer partners may be hesitant to continue to partner with us. As a
result, our business, reputation, financial performance and prospects will be materially and adversely affected.
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Our business is subject to intense competition, and we may fail to compete successfully against existing or new competitors, which may reduce
demand for our services, reduce operating margins, and further result in loss of market share, departures of qualified employees and increased
capital expenditures.
The independent insurance service industry in China is intensely competitive. Our current or potential competitors include (i) other online
independent insurance product and service platforms, (ii) traditional insurance intermediaries, (iii) online direct sales channels of large insurance
companies, (iv) major internet companies that have commenced insurance distribution businesses, and (v) other insurance technology companies. New
competitors may emerge at any time. Some of our competitors also offer their insurance products on our platform, so they both compete and cooperate
with us. Existing or potential competitors may have substantially greater brand recognition and possess more financial, marketing and research resources
than we do. Our competitors may introduce platforms with more attractive products, content and features, or services or solutions with competitive
pricing or enhanced performance that we cannot match. Some of our competitors may have more resources to develop or acquire new technologies and
react quicker to changing requirements of clients and insurance companies. In addition, our target insurance clients, PRC residents with potential
insurance needs, may seek insurance products and services in well-equipped and developed neighboring insurance markets. We may fail to compete
effectively with our competitors and industry participants in neighboring insurance markets, even if we take initiatives in developing our insurance
service capabilities in these neighboring insurance markets, which may reduce demand for our services, result in loss of market share, and further result
in reduction of operating margins and departures of qualified employees.
The proper functioning of our internet platform and technology infrastructure is essential to our business. Any disruption to our IT systems and
infrastructure could materially affect our ability to maintain the satisfactory performance of our platform and deliver consistent services to our
users.
The reliability, availability and satisfactory performance of our IT systems are critical to our success, our ability to attract and retain clients and
our ability to maintain a satisfactory user experience and client service. Our servers may be vulnerable to computer viruses, traffic spike that exceeds the
capacity of our servers, electricity power interruptions, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to system interruptions,
website slowdown and unavailability, delays in transaction processing, loss of data, and the inability to accept and fulfill client orders. We have not
experienced system interruptions that materially affected our operations in the past, but we can provide no assurance that we will not experience
unexpected interruptions in the future. We can provide no assurance that our current security mechanisms will be sufficient to protect our IT systems and
technology infrastructure from any third-party intrusions, electricity power interruptions, viruses and hacker attacks, information and data theft, and
other similar activities. Any such future occurrences could damage our reputation and result in a material decrease in our revenues. We have identified
deficiency in our information technology system relating to lack of necessary management and supervision of certain user/administrative accounts. We
have engaged risk assurance advisors to help us design and implement IT controls necessary for us, including updating our IT security policy, enhancing
management of IT system and database. However, there can be no assurance that the foregoing deficiencies can be cured in a timely and cost-effective
manner. We may identify other deficiencies in the future, which may require us to expend significant resources to remediate.
Additionally, we are constantly upgrading our internet platform and infrastructure to comply with regulatory requirements and provide increased
scale, improved performance and additional built-in functions and additional capacities. For example, on June 22, 2020, the CBIRC issued the Notice on
Regulating the Traceability Management of Internet Insurance Sales, which came into effect from October 1, 2020, and provides that insurance
institutions shall conduct retrospective review and management of internet insurance sales, and shall immediately suspend online insurance sales if they
fail to comply with those requirements by the time the notice came into force. As of October 1, 2020, we had made rectifications in accordance with this
notice. Furthermore, on January 5, 2021, the CBIRC promulgated the Measures for the Regulation of Informatization of Insurance Intermediaries, which
aim to improve informatization of insurance intermediaries and stipulate regulatory requirements in respect of the construction and management of the
informatization, IT system and information security. We completed most of such self-examination and rectifications in 2022. However, we cannot assure
you that we will be able to complete rectifications in a timely manner or fully satisfy the regulatory requirements. In addition, rectifying, maintaining
and upgrading our technology infrastructure require significant investment of time and resources, including adding new hardware, updating software,
and recruiting and training new engineering personnel. During updates, our systems may experience interruptions, and the new technologies and
infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems timely, or at all. Any failure to maintain and improve our technology infrastructure
could result in unanticipated system disruptions, slower response times, impaired quality of user experience and delays in reporting accurate operating
and financial information, which, in turn, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Failure to prevent cybersecurity breaches will materially and adversely affect our business, reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
The massive volume of data that we process and store makes us or third-party service providers who host our servers an attractive target and
potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions. While we have taken steps to protect
our database, our security measures could be breached. Because techniques used to sabotage or obtain unauthorized access to systems change frequently
and generally are not recognized until they are launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate
preventative measures. Any accidental or willful security breaches or other unauthorized access to our platform could cause confidential information to
be stolen and used for criminal purposes. Security breaches or unauthorized access to confidential information could also expose us to liability related to
the loss of the information, time-consuming and expensive litigation and negative publicity. If security measures are breached because of third-party
action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design flaws in our technology infrastructure are exposed and exploited, our relationships with
users and insurer partners could be severely damaged, we could incur significant liability and our business and operations could be adversely affected.
The PRC Network Security Law promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, effective on June 1, 2017, stipulates that a
network operator, including internet information services providers, must adopt technical measures and other necessary measures in accordance with
applicable laws and regulations as well as compulsory national standards to safeguard the safety and stability of network operations, effectively respond
to network security incidents, prevent illegal and criminal activities, and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and availability of network data. Over the
past few years, the insurance regulatory authority enhanced its supervision and has promulgated many regulation measures and requirements towards
cybersecurity of insurance business. While we have adopted comprehensive measures to comply with the applicable laws, regulations and standards,
there can be no assurance that such measures will be effective. If we were found by the regulatory authorities to have failed to comply with the
regulatory requirements, we would be subject to warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses, suspension of our platform or even
criminal liabilities and our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.
The sophisticated and innovative technologies we use for the operation of our business are new and require continuous developments and upgrades.
We cannot assure you that these technologies will fully support our business.
We regard technology as critical to our ability to provide high-quality products and superior client services. We have invested substantial resources
in developing the sophisticated and innovative technology systems that we use for our daily operations. We expect these technologies to support the
smooth performance of key functions in our platform, such as searching for and finding suitable insurance products, intelligent underwriting, and claim
application and settlement. To adapt to evolving client needs, requirements of insurer partners, and emerging industry trends, we may need to develop
other new technologies or upgrade existing platform and systems. If our efforts to invest in the development of new technologies or the upgrade of
existing technologies are unsuccessful, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, the maintenance and processing of various operating and financial data is essential to our data analytical capabilities and the
day-to-day operation of our business. Our ability to provide products and services and to conduct day-to-day business operations depend, in part, on our
ability to maintain and make timely and cost-effective enhancement and upgrade to our technology and introduce innovative functions which can meet
changing business and operational needs. Failure to do so could put us at a disadvantage to our competitors and cause economic losses. We can provide
no assurance that we will be able to keep up with technological improvements or that the technology developed by others will not render our services
less competitive or attractive.
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Negative publicity about us, our shareholders, insurer partners, user traffic channels and individual and institutional promoters that we cooperate
with, and other participants in the insurance industry may harm our brand and reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business and
operating results.
Our brand and reputation are critical to our business and competitiveness. Factors that are vital to our reputation include but are not limited to our
ability to:
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recommend suitable insurance products to users;
provide effective and smooth insurance experience to insurance clients;
enhance risk management capabilities;
innovate and improve the products and services we provide;
effectively manage and resolve complaints from users and insurer partners; and
effectively protect private information and data.
Any negative publicity about the foregoing or other aspects of our company, including but not limited to our directors, management, shareholders,
business, legal compliance, financial condition or prospects, whether with merit or not, could severely compromise our reputation and harm our business
and operating results. In addition, regulatory inquiries or investigations, lawsuits initiated against us, employee misconduct, among other things, could
also result in negative publicity on us. Furthermore, negative publicity with respect to our business partners or the industry in which we operate may
materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our business model may be replicated by other insurance distributors or product and service platforms, and internet companies and traditional
insurance companies aiming to engage in insurance distribution business.
The leading Chinese internet companies have experienced the fast-moving internet development in China in past decades and have demonstrated
their strong capacities in client-centric and efficiency driven business development and innovation. We are operating in an emerging industry, and we
may be exposed to uncertainties and risks. Given the large amount of data and strong capacity of technological development the leading Chinese internet
companies have, we believe it is possible that these companies can develop their insurance business to compete with us in a short period of time. In
addition, we have seen certain traditional insurance companies and other insurance service providers enter the online insurance service market in order
to take advantage of the soaring opportunities emerged from online ecosystems. Considering these internet companies’ strong abilities in promoting
their products through their existing abundant online channels and the potential of traditional insurance companies and other insurance service providers
to exploit their offline resources and clients online, we may face severe competition in the near future from these potential competitors. Moreover, given
that terms of insurance product are relatively transparent, our competitors can copy the insurance products we design and develop together with our
insurer partners soon after they are launched, possibly at lower prices than what we offer. If we fail to continue to upgrade our insurance product
offerings that meet market demand quickly, we may not be able to keep our edge in the competition, and our business and results of operations will be
negatively affected.
Because the insurance intermediary business income we earn on the sale of insurance products is based on premiums, and commission fee rates
agreed between us and our insurer partners, any decrease in these premiums or commission fee rates may have an adverse effect on our results of
operations.
We are engaged in the insurance intermediary business and derive revenues primarily from commission fees paid by the insurer partners whose
insurance policies our clients purchase. The commission fee rates are set by insurer partners or negotiated between insurer partners and us, and are based
on the premiums that the insurer products charge. Commission fee rates and premiums can change based on the prevailing economic, regulatory,
taxation and competitive factors that affect our insurer partners. These factors, which are not within our control, include the capacity of insurer partners
to place new business, profits of insurer partners, consumer demand for insurance products, the availability of comparable products from other insurance
companies at lower costs, and the availability of alternative insurance products, such as government benefits and self-insurance plans, to consumers. In
addition, premium rates for certain insurance products are tightly regulated by the National Administration of Financial Regulation. Because we do not
determine, and cannot predict, the timing or extent of premium or commission fee rate changes, we cannot predict the effect any of these changes may
have on our operations. Any decrease in premiums or commission fee rates may significantly affect our profitability.
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We rely on the multi-dimensional data we collect to enhance our business performance and results, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to
accumulate or access sufficient data in the future or to analyze the data effectively, the lack of which may materially and adversely affect our
business and results of operations.
We highly rely on our data in every step of the entire insurance value chain, including research and development of our insurance products, risk
management, claim settlement, and client services. We develop our proprietary technologies on top of cloud computing infrastructures of third-party
providers to automate and streamline the various processes in our operations, support our day-to-day business analytics and provide periodic or real-time
applications in supporting our large amount of transactions and executing our strategies. We have made substantial investments in ensuring the
effectiveness of our data analytics that supports our rapid growth and enables us to provide efficient services to insurance clients. We cannot assure you
that we will be able to continually collect and retain sufficient data, or improve our data technologies to satisfy our operating needs. Failure to do so will
materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Failure to maintain accuracy in actuarial statistics, assisting in underwriting, and proposing pricing of insurance products to insurer partners could
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We operate an intelligent underwriting system where we code underwriting criteria set by insurers in our system and the system automatically
generates eligibility for purchasing insurance products. For customized insurance products we designed and developed together with our insurer
partners, we conduct actuarial and propose pricing range to our insurer partners. Therefore, we rely heavily on the accuracy in actuarial statistics and
capabilities in accurate underwriting and proposing pricing of products we offer to conduct our business, including recording and processing our
operational and financial data and effectively executing our business plans through accurate actuarial analysis and pricing modeling. The proper
functioning of our actuarial analysis, statistical analysis, products pricing suggestion, risk management, financial control, accounting, client database,
client service and other data processing systems is highly critical to our business and our ability to compete effectively. We rely on our dedicated talents
with actuarial expertise to conduct actuarial analysis, and we rely on our research and development team and related advanced technology to enhance
our data capabilities to perform pricing modeling. We cannot guarantee you that we will be able to continue to upgrade our technology and maintain our
capacity and accuracy, or to successfully upgrade our technology and retain our employees with actuarial expertise or to hire new ones. Failure of
maintaining such capacity and accuracy could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
A significant portion of the total GWP we facilitate is contributed by a limited number of insurance products. If we cannot continue to offer these
insurance products on our platform for any reason or the popularity of these products declines, the GWP we facilitate and consequently our
brokerage income, may decrease and our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
A significant portion of the total GWP we facilitate is from a limited number of popular insurance products, primarily our tailor-made long-term
life and health insurance products. In 2023, the top five insurance products in terms of GWP contribution aggregately accounted for 41.7% of the total
GWP we facilitated, as compared to 44.0% in 2022. We believe the concentration was partially due to the comprehensive protection coverage with
reasonable policy terms, making these tailor-made insurance products more attractive than others. Although we plan to continue to diversify our product
offerings, launch more tailor-made insurance products, expand our client base and generate brokerage income from a wider variety of insurance
products, we cannot guarantee you that we will be able to succeed, and that such concentration will decrease. If we cannot continue to offer these
popular insurance products for any reason or the popularity of these products decline, our brokerage income may decrease and our financial condition
and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
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We have in the past sold insurance products on our platform through institutional promoters lacking operating license, and individual promoters
who were registered with other insurance institutions or who were not registered with any insurance institutions, which may subject us to potential
regulatory risks and may cause breaches of our agreements with insurer partners.
Through www.jumi18.com, www.qixin18.com and www.xiebao18.com, we have in the past engaged institutional promoters lacking operating
licenses, and individual promoters whose practice registrations were registered with insurance institutions other than us or who were not registered with
any insurance institutions, to promote insurance products we offer on our platform. In return, we paid those promoters service fees. Our cooperation
with institutional promoters lacking operating licenses may subject us to regulatory risks. Under PRC laws and regulations, professional insurance
intermediaries like us must complete practice registrations for individual promoters as our brokers or agents. Historically, for those individual promoters
who had a relatively short history of cooperation with us, or who contributed a less significant portion of GWP facilitated on our platform, we did not
complete all of their practice registrations with us. As of the date of this annual report, we have terminated the cooperation with those individual
promoters that have not been registered with us for promoting insurance products. However, we may be subject to administrative orders to rectify these
historical non-compliance incidents or further, administrative penalties imposed by the regulatory authorities retrospectively, and if so, our business and
results of operations might be materially and adversely affected.
Our business operation in Hong Kong had been non-compliant with applicable laws and regulations, and is subject to the complexity and
uncertainties in Hong Kong laws and regulations with respect to insurance brokerage businesses and corporate governance.
In the past, the operations of our Hong Kong subsidiary, Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited, or Hong Kong Smart Choice, had certain
non-compliance incidents under applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations. Hong Kong Smart Choice, a company that is not a licensed insurance
broker in Hong Kong, had engaged certain third parties to provide insurance advisory services to clients, which may be deemed as an offense under the
Insurance Ordinance of Hong Kong and may subject Hong Kong Smart Choice to fines or even criminal liabilities. If Hong Kong Smart choice is
punished by Hong Kong regulatory authorities, we may bear economic losses, our Hong Kong operations may be partially or wholly suspended, and our
reputation, business, results of operations and our financial conditions will suffer. In addition, in May 2021, Hong Kong Smart Choice indirectly
acquired 100% equity interest in Huize Hong Kong Insurance Broker Limited. Huize Hong Kong Insurance Broker Limited was a wholly owned
subsidiary of Hong Kong Smart Choice before July 2019, and had in the past been non-compliant with applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations,
including carrying out solicitation activities without being authorized and failing to comply with certain corporate governance requirements under the
Hong Kong law. We cannot assure you that Hong Kong Smart Choice will not bear economic loss related to historical non-compliance of Huize Hong
Kong Insurance Broker Limited, or that our Hong Kong subsidiaries will be able to comply with all applicable Hong Kong laws and regulations with
respect to insurance brokerage businesses and corporate governance, which could in turn negatively affect our reputation, business, results of operations
and our financial conditions will suffer.
We have limited history and experience operating in jurisdictions outside of China. If we are unable to manage the risks presented by our potential
international expansion plan, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be adversely impacted.
Currently, substantially all of our operations are located in mainland China and Hong Kong, and we have limited history and experience operating
in jurisdictions outside of China. As part of our business strategy and growth plan, we plan to further expand internationally. Expansion of our
international operations could impose substantial burdens on our resources, divert management’s attention from our operations in China and otherwise
harm our business. In addition, there are many barriers to competing successfully in the international market, including:
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changes in the relations between China and foreign countries;
actions of foreign or PRC governmental authorities affecting foreign investments;
regulations on repatriation of funds;
increased infrastructure costs including complex legal, tax, accounting and data security laws and treaties;
interpretation and application of local laws and regulations that may apply to us;
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enforceability of intellectual property and contract rights;
potentially adverse tax consequences;
local labor conditions and regulations; and
fluctuation in foreign currencies.
We cannot assure you that our potential international expansion plan will produce desired levels of revenue or costs, or that one or more of the
factors listed above will not harm our business. Therefore, as we expand internationally, we may not experience the operating margins that we expect,
and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be negatively impacted.
Acquisitions, strategic alliances and investments could be difficult to integrate, disrupt our business and lower our results of operations and the
value of your investment.
We may enter into strategic acquisitions and selected strategic alliances that are complementary to our business and operations, including
opportunities that can help us further improve our technology system and sales network. For example, in December 2021, we, through a wholly owned
subsidiary of the VIE, acquired 100% equity interest in Shenzhen Detong Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., formerly known as Shanghai Senhao Insurance
Agency Co., Ltd., a nationwide professional insurance agency company with business networks in 11 provincial areas in China and we completed the
change in equity registration with the Shenzhen Administration for Market Regulation in March 2022. In August 2023, Hong Kong Smart Choice, our
Hong Kong subsidiary, acquired 100% equity interest in Synergy Wealth Management Limited, a licensed insurance broker incorporated under the laws
of Hong Kong. Strategic acquisitions and subsequent integrations of newly acquired businesses would require significant managerial and financial
resources and could result in a diversion of resources from our existing business, which in turn could have an adverse effect on our growth and business
operations. Acquired businesses or assets may not generate expected financial results immediately, or at all, and may incur losses to our business. We
may, from time to time, terminate our planned acquisitions, strategic alliances and investments due to adjustments to our business plans or as a result of
factors beyond our control, such as failure by us or our business partners to fulfill closing conditions. The cost and duration of integrating newly
acquired businesses could also materially exceed our expectations, which could negatively affect our results of operation. In addition, acquisitions of and
strategic alliances with third parties could also subject us to risks associated with sharing proprietary information, non-performance or default by
counterparties, and increased expenses in establishing these new alliances, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business. We may have
limited ability to control or monitor the actions of our strategic partners. To the extent an enterprise acquired us or a strategic partner suffers any
negative publicity as a result of its business operations, our reputation may be negatively affected by virtue of our association with such party.
Furthermore, certain acquired business may had historical non-compliance incidents before our acquisition. While we took measures in order to ensure
compliance after the acquisition, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to retrospective administrative penalties imposed by the regulatory
authorities regarding the historical non-compliance, and if so, our business and results of operations might be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, certain shareholders operate similar insurance product and service platforms like we do and there remain potential conflicts of interest.
If any of such conflicts of interest are not resolved in our favor, we could lose opportunities in strategic acquisitions and alliances, and our business,
financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.
Our success depends on the continued efforts of our senior management If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue
in their present positions, our business may be severely disrupted.
Our business operations depend on the continued services of our senior management, particularly our co-founders and the executive officers
named in this annual report. While we have provided different incentives to our management, we cannot assure you that we can continue to retain their
services. If one or more of our key executives were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to find suitable
replacements, our future growth may be constrained, our business may be severely disrupted and our financial condition and results of operations may
be materially and adversely affected. In addition, although we have entered into confidentiality and non-competition agreements with our management,
there is no assurance that any member of our management team will not join our competitors or form a competing business. If any dispute arises
between our current or former officers and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we
may not be able to enforce them at all. If we are not able to agree on satisfactory severance arrangements with any departing officer or resolve any
resulting disputes, we would incur additional time and expenses in handling such matters and our management team’s attention may be diverted.
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If we are unable to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
We believe our future success depends on our continued ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain qualified and skilled employees in an
efficient manner. Competition for personnel with expertise in insurance, sales and marketing, technology and risk management is extremely intense in
China. We may not be able to hire and retain these personnel at compensation levels consistent with our existing compensation and salary structure.
Some of the companies with which we compete for experienced employees have greater resources than we have and may be able to offer more attractive
terms of employment. In addition, we invest significant time and resources in training our employees, which increases their value to competitors who
may seek to recruit them. If we fail to retain our employees, we could incur significant expenses in hiring and training new employees, and our ability to
serve insurance clients and insurer partners could diminish, resulting in a material adverse effect to our business.
If our user traffic channels, registered individuals, other business partners or employees engage in any misconduct or cause errors to occur in our
system, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We are exposed to many types of operational risks, including the risk of misconduct and errors by our user traffic channels, other parties we
collaborate with and by our employees and registered individuals. Our business depends on our employees, registered individuals and/or business
partners to interact with clients and provide various services in relation to the purchase of insurance products. Misconduct could include making
misrepresentations when marketing or selling insurance products to clients, hiding or falsifying material information in relation to insurance contracts,
colluding with applicants, insureds, or beneficiaries to obtain insurance benefits, failing to disclose legally required information to clients, engaging in
false claims or otherwise not complying with laws and regulations or our internal policies or procedures. Any of the aforementioned misconduct by
parties we cooperate with may cause potential liabilities of us, and further subject us to regulatory actions and penalties. If any third parties that are
important to our operations are sanctioned by regulatory actions, our business operations will be disrupted or otherwise negatively affected.
We could also be negatively impacted if an operational breakdown or failure in the processing of transactions occurred, whether as a result of
human errors, purposeful sabotage or fraudulent manipulation of our operations or systems. It is not always possible to identify and deter misconduct or
errors by employees, registered individuals or business partners, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in
controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses. If any of our employees, registered individuals or business partners fail to follow our rules and
procedures when interacting with clients, we could be liable for damages and subject to regulatory actions and penalties. Any of these occurrences could
result in our diminished ability to operate our business, inability to attract users, reputational damage, regulatory intervention and financial harm, which
could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any failure to protect our intellectual property could harm our business and competitive position.
We regard our software registrations, trademarks, patents, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as
critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality and
non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business
Overview—Intellectual Property.” Despite these measures, any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or
misappropriated, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of
technological change in our industry, parts of our business rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain
or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.
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Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear
guidance on statutory interpretation. Confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements may be breached by counterparties, and there
may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights
or to enforce our contractual rights in China. Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take
may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual
property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We can provide no assurance
that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by,
our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to
the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect
on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents,
copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings
and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other
intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such
intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-
party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations
to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.
Additionally, the application and interpretation of China’s intellectual property right laws and the procedures and standards for granting
trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in China are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot assure you
that PRC courts or regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we
may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or
be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and financial performance may be materially and adversely affected.
Our online operations depend on the performance of the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China.
Almost all access to the internet in China is maintained through state-owned telecommunication operators under the administrative control and
regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. We primarily rely on a limited number of telecommunication service
providers to provide us with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines and internet data centers to host our servers. We have
limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s internet infrastructure or the fixed
telecommunications networks provided by telecommunication service providers. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our
technology and infrastructure to keep up with the increasing traffic on our platform. We cannot assure you that the internet infrastructure and the fixed
telecommunications networks in China will be able to support the demands associated with the continued growth in internet usage.
In addition, we have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunication service providers. If the prices we pay for
telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our financial performance may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if internet access fees or
other charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline and our business may be harmed.
Our future growth depends on the further acceptance of the internet as an effective platform for disseminating insurance products and content.
The internet has gained increasing popularity in China as a platform for insurance products and content in recent years. However, certain
participants in the industry, especially traditional insurance companies, and many insurance clients have limited experience in handling insurance
products and content online, and some insurance clients may have reservations about using online platforms. For example, clients may not find online
content to be reliable sources of insurance product information. Some insurance companies and reinsurance companies may not believe online platforms
are secure for risk assessment and risk management. Others may not find online platforms effective when promoting and providing their products and
services, especially to targeted clients in lower-tier cities or rural areas. If we fail to educate clients, insurance companies and reinsurance companies
about the value of our online platform and our products and services, our growth will be limited and our business, financial performance and prospects
may be materially and adversely affected. The further acceptance of the internet as an effective and efficient platform for insurance products and content
is also affected by factors beyond our control, including negative publicity and restrictive regulatory measures. If online and mobile networks do not
achieve adequate acceptance in the market, our growth prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed.
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We may not be able to obtain additional capital when desired, on favorable terms or at all.
We need to make continued investments in facilities, hardware, software, technological systems and to retain talents to remain competitive. Due to
the unpredictable nature of the capital markets and our industry, there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital on terms
favorable to us, or at all, if and when required, especially if we experience disappointing operating results. If adequate capital is not available to us as
required, our ability to fund our online and offline operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our infrastructure or
respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. If we do raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt
securities, the ownership interests of our shareholders could be significantly diluted. These newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or
privileges senior to those of existing shareholders.
Our current risk management system may not be able to exhaustively assess or mitigate all risks to which we are exposed, which could negatively
affect our business and results of operations.
We have established risk management, quality control and internal control systems, consisting of policies and procedures that we believe are
appropriate for our business. However, the implementation of such policies and procedures may involve human error and mistakes. Moreover, we may
be exposed to fraud or other misconduct committed by our employees, or other third parties, including but not limited to our clients and partners, or
other events that are out of our control, that could adversely affect our product quality and reputation and subject us to financial losses and sanctions
imposed by government authorities. As a result, despite our efforts to improve the aforementioned systems, we cannot assure you that our risk
management, quality control and internal control systems are able to completely eliminate non-compliance matters or product defects.
Failure to deal effectively with any fraud perpetrated on our platform could harm our business.
We face risks with respect to fraudulent activities on our platform. We cannot guarantee that all of the transactions conducted on our platform with
insurance clients are commercially fair. We cannot fully eliminate insurance fraud and reverse selection insurance behaviors. Although we have
implemented various measures to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent activities on our platform, there can be no assurance that these
measures will be effective in combating fraudulent transactions or improving overall satisfaction among our insurance clients and insurer partners. In
addition, illegal, fraudulent or collusive activities by our employees or third-party agents could also subject us to liability and negative publicity. Any
illegal, fraudulent or collusive activity could severely damage our brand and reputation as an operator of a trusted platform, which could adversely affect
our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our insurance coverage may not be adequate, which could expose us to significant costs and business disruptions.
We maintain certain insurance policies to safeguard us against risks and unexpected events, including insurance broker/agent practice liability
insurance. We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, maternity
insurance and medical insurance for our employees in compliance with applicable PRC laws. We do not maintain business interruption insurance. We
consider our insurance coverage to be sufficient for our business operations in China. However, we cannot assure you that our insurance coverage is
sufficient to prevent us from any loss or that we will be able to successfully claim our losses under our current insurance policy on a timely basis, or at
all. If we incur any loss that is not covered by our insurance policies, or the compensated amount is significantly less than our actual loss, our business,
financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We may be subject to legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business. If the outcomes of these proceedings are adverse to us, it could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We may from time to time be involved in disputes with various parties involved in the development and sale of our products and services. These
disputes may lead to protests or legal or other proceedings and may result in damage to our reputation, substantial costs to our operations, and diversion
of our management’s attention. In addition, we may disagree with regulatory bodies in certain aspects in the course of our operations, which may subject
us to administrative proceedings and unfavorable decrees that result in liabilities and cause delays to our properly developments. We have been involved
in legal proceedings or disputes in the ordinary course of business. In addition, as we change our cooperation model or terminate cooperation with some
of our user traffic channels and individual agents to meet regulatory requirements, we cannot assure you that dispute will not arise therefrom or any of
these counterparties will not take legal actions against us. We cannot assure you that we will not be involved in any other major legal proceedings in the
future. Any involvement on these disputes may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Failure to renew our current leases or locate desirable alternatives for our facilities could materially and adversely affect our business.
Certain of our lease agreements have not been registered with the PRC government authorities as required by PRC law, which will not affect the
validity of these lease agreements but may expose us to potential fines if we fail to remediate after receiving any notice from the PRC government
authorities. In case of failure to register or file a lease, the parties to the unregistered lease may be ordered to make rectifications (which would involve
registering such leases with the government authority) before being subject to penalties. The penalty ranges from RMB1,000 to RMB10,000 for each
unregistered lease, the specific amount of which is at the discretion of the government authority. As of February 29, 2024, we had not completed lease
agreement registration for some properties, which may expose us to potential penalties by PRC governmental authorities.
We have granted and may continue to grant options, restricted share units and other types of awards under our share option plan, which may result
in increased share-based compensation expenses.
We adopted a global share incentive plan in June 2019, which we refer to as the Global Plan, for the purpose of granting share-based
compensation awards to employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and align their interests with ours. We recognize expenses
in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under our Global Plan, we are authorized to grant options, restricted share units
and other types of share incentive awards. The maximum aggregate number of common shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards under the
Global Plan is 57,501,813 common shares. As of February 29, 2024, 18,513,727 restricted shares and options to purchase a total of 31,146,421 common
shares were outstanding under the Global Plan. We adopted a 2019 share incentive plan in June 2019, which we refer to as the 2019 Plan. In September
2021, May 2023 and November 2023, respectively, our board of directors approved the amendments to the 2019 Plan to increase the maximum number
of Class A common shares that may be issued under the 2019 Plan. Under the currently effective Third Amended and Restated 2019 Share Incentive
Plan, or the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Class A common shares that may be issued shall be
187,559,565, plus an annual increase on June 1 of each of 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, by (i) 31,351,400 Class A common shares or (ii) such number of
Class A common shares as may be determined by our board. As of February 29, 2024, options to purchase a total of 12,791,945 common shares were
outstanding under the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan. We believe the granting of share-based compensation is of significant importance to our
ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. As a
result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. We may
re-evaluate the vesting schedules, lockup period, exercise price or other key terms applicable to the grants under our currently effective share incentive
plans from time to time. If we choose to do so, we may experience substantial change in our share-based compensation charges.
We face risks related to natural disasters, health epidemics and other outbreaks, which could significantly disrupt our operations.
Our business could be materially and adversely affected by natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns affecting the PRC,
and particularly Shenzhen. Natural disasters may give rise to server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet
failures, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software or hardware as well as adversely affect our ability to operate our
platform and provide services and solutions. In recent years, there have been outbreaks of epidemics in China and globally, such as COVID-19, H1N1
flu, avian flu or another epidemic.
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Beginning in 2020, outbreaks of COVID-19 resulted in the temporary closure of many corporate offices, retail stores, and manufacturing facilities
across China. The operations of our insurer partners and user traffic channels were also impacted. In particular, our service capacity and operational
efficiency was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic due to decreased productivity of our workforce as a result of work from home measures
and the necessity to comply with various disease control protocols in our business facilities, particularly in Shenzhen, where our headquarter is located.
These events had materially and adversely affected our business in 2020, 2021 and 2022. There has been an easing of the travel restrictions and
quarantine requirements related to COVID-19 in China since December 2022. The extent to which the pandemic impacts our results of operations going
forward will depend on future developments which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including the frequency, duration and extent of outbreaks of
COVID-19, the appearance of new variants with different characteristics, the success or failure of efforts to contain or treat cases, and future actions we
or the authorities may take in response to these developments. Even if the economic impact of COVID-19 recedes, the pandemic could have a lingering,
long-term effect on business activities and consumption behavior. There is no assurance that we will be able to adjust our business operations to adapt to
these changes and the increasingly complex environment in which we operate.
Our business operations could be disrupted by any of these epidemics. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the
extent that any health epidemic harms the Chinese economy in general. A prolonged outbreak of any of these illnesses or other adverse public health
developments in China or elsewhere in the world could have a material adverse effect on our business operations. Such outbreaks could significantly
impact the insurance industry, which could severely disrupt our operations and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations. Our headquarters are located in Shenzhen, where most of our management and employees currently reside. Most of our system hardware and
back-up systems are hosted in facilities located in Shenzhen. Consequently, if any natural disasters, health epidemics or other public safety concerns
were to affect Shenzhen, our operation may experience material disruptions, which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition
and results of operations.
Our business is subject to fluctuations, which makes our results of operations difficult to predict and may cause our quarterly results of operations
to fall short of expectations.
Our quarterly revenues and other operating results have fluctuated in the past and may continue to fluctuate depending upon a number of factors,
many of which are beyond our control. Each of our business lines may have different seasonality factors and the mix of our revenue source may shift
from time to time. For life and health insurance products, we generally have more purchase orders in the first quarter of each year. On the other hand, for
property & casualty insurance products we offer, mostly consisted of travel insurance products, we experience more purchase orders in the third quarter,
and the first and fourth quarters of each year are the low season for travel insurance products. If the insurance product mix we offer on our platform
changes, the fluctuation trend of our results of operations will change accordingly. We may also introduce promotional activities or enhance our
marketing and branding efforts in ways that further cause our quarterly results to fluctuate and differ from historical patterns. In addition, our quarterly
and annual revenues and costs and expenses as a percentage of our revenues may be significantly different from our historical or projected figures. For
these reasons, comparing our operating results on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our historical results as an
indication of our future performance because our fast growth in the past may have masked the seasonality that might otherwise be apparent in our results
of operations. Our results of operations in future quarters may fall below expectations, which could cause the price of our ADSs to fall.
A severe or prolonged downturn in Chinese or global economy could materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
COVID-19 had a severe and negative impact on the Chinese and the global economy from 2020 through 2022, and the global macroeconomic
environment still faces numerous challenges. The growth rate of the Chinese economy has been slowing since 2010 and the Chinese population began to
decline in 2022. The Federal Reserve and other central banks outside of China have raised interest rates. The Russia-Ukraine conflict, the Hamas-Israel
conflict and the attacks on shipping in the Red Sea have heightened geopolitical tensions across the world. The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on
Ukraine food exports has contributed to increases in food prices and thus to inflation more generally. There have also been concerns about the
relationship between China and other countries which may potentially have economic effects. In particular, there is significant uncertainty about the
future relationship between the United States and China with respect to a wide range of issues including trade policies, treaties, government regulations
and tariffs. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies
and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may
materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure
If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating certain of our operations in China do not comply with
PRC regulations relating to insurance brokerage, insurance agent and the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing
regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.
Due to the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of internet-based business and qualification requirements on foreign investors in the
insurance intermediary business, we rely on certain contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to conduct substantially all of our
operations in China. For example, foreign investors are not allowed to own more than 50% of the equity interests in a value-added telecommunications
service provider (except for e-commerce, domestic multi-party communication, storage and forwarding classes and call centers) under the Special
Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), which was promulgated on December 27, 2021 and came
into effect on January 1, 2022.
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our WFOE is considered a foreign-invested enterprise. To comply with PRC laws and
regulations, we conduct operations in China through an affiliated PRC entity, Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd., or Huiye Tianze.
We have entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Huiye Tianze and its shareholders, which enable us to (i) exercise effective control over
Huiye Tianze, (ii) receive substantially all of the economic benefits and bear the obligation to absorb substantially all of the losses of Huiye Tianze, and
(iii) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in or assets of Huiye Tianze when and to the extent permitted by PRC laws.
Because of these contractual arrangements, we are deemed the primary beneficiary of Huiye Tianze and hence consolidate its financial results as a
variable interest entity, or VIE, under U.S. GAAP. For a detailed description of these contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the
Company—C. Organizational Structure.”
If the PRC government finds that the agreements that establish the structure for operating our business do not comply with PRC laws and
regulations, or if these regulations or their interpretations change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our
interests in those operations. Our holding company, our PRC subsidiaries, the VIE and investors of our company face uncertainty about potential future
actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, significantly affect
the financial performance of the VIE and our company as a whole. In addition, shareholders of the VIE are PRC holding entities of certain pre-IPO
shareholders of our company, including entities beneficially owned by Mr. Cunjun Ma, the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive
officer, who owns more than 50% of our total voting power. Therefore, the enforceability of the contractual agreements between us, the VIE and its
shareholders depends on whether our shareholders or their PRC holding entities will fulfill these contractual agreements. Their interest in enforcing
these contractual agreements may not align with the interests of our other shareholders. If our shareholders who hold equity interests in the VIE through
their PRC holding entities were to reduce their interests in our company, their interest may further diverge from that of our company and other
shareholders, which may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to these contractual arrangements.
It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they
would provide. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We are subject to the changes,
interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations in mainland China.”
If the ownership structure, contractual arrangements and businesses of our PRC subsidiary, the VIE and its subsidiaries are found to be in violation
of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or our PRC subsidiary, the VIE or its subsidiaries fail to obtain or maintain any of the required permits
or approvals, the PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures, including:
•
•
•
revoking the business licenses and/or operating licenses of such entities;
shutting down our servers or blocking our website, or discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operation through
any transactions between our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries;
imposing fines, confiscating the income from our WFOE, the VIE or its subsidiaries, or imposing other requirements with which we or the
VIE may not be able to comply;
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•
•
requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements with the VIE and
deregistering the equity pledge of the VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or exert
effective control over the VIE; or
restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds from our initial public offering to finance our business and operations in China, and
taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business.
Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business operations and severely damage our reputation, which would in turn
materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Although we believe we, our WFOE and the VIE comply with
current PRC laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that the PRC government would agree that our contractual arrangements comply with PRC
licensing, registration or other regulatory requirements, with existing policies or with requirements or policies that may be adopted in the future. The
PRC government has broad discretion in determining rectifiable or punitive measures for non-compliance with or violations of PRC laws and
regulations. If the PRC government determines that we or the VIE do not comply with applicable law, it could revoke the VIE and its subsidiaries’
business and operating licenses, require the VIE to discontinue or restrict the VIE’ operations, restrict the VIE’s right to collect revenues, require the
VIE to restructure our operations, impose additional conditions or requirements with which the VIE may not be able to comply, impose restrictions on
the VIE’s business operations or on its customers, or take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the VIE that could be harmful to its business.
Any of these or similar occurrences could significantly disrupt our or the VIE’s business operations or restrict the VIE from conducting a substantial
portion of its business operations, which could materially and adversely affect the VIE’ business, financial condition and results of operations. If any of
these occurrences results in our inability to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and/or our failure to
receive the economic benefits from the VIE, we may not be able to consolidate the entity in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with
U.S. GAAP.
We rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE, and its shareholders for our operations in China, which may not be as effective as equity
ownership in providing operational control.
We have relied and expect to continue to rely on variable interest entity arrangements to conduct a significant part of our operations in China. We
rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to conduct a significant part of our operations in China. For a description of these
contractual arrangements, see “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.” The shareholders of the VIE may not act in the best
interests of our company or may not perform their obligations under these contracts. If we had equity ownership of the VIE, we would be able to
exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any
applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the contractual arrangements, we would rely on legal
remedies under PRC law for breach of contract in the event that the VIE and its shareholders did not perform their obligations under the contracts. These
legal remedies may not be as effective as equity ownership in providing us with control over the VIE.
If the VIE or its shareholders fail to perform their obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and
expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. All the agreements under our contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide
for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any
disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. Evolvement of the PRC regulatory regime could limit our ability to enforce these
contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, based on officially published and publicly available judgements, the legality and validity of VIE contractual
arrangements have not been tested in a court of law in the PRC. There are very few precedents as to whether contractual arrangements would be judged
to form effective control over the relevant VIE through the contractual arrangements, or how contractual arrangements in the context of a variable
interest entity should be interpreted or enforced by the PRC courts. Should legal actions become necessary, we cannot guarantee that the court will rule
in favor of the enforceability of the variable interest entity contractual arrangements. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual
arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert
effective control over the VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially adversely affected. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of PRC laws and regulations could limit the
legal protections available to you and us.”
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The shareholders and directors of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us, and if any such conflicts of interest are not resolved in
our favor, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
The shareholders of the VIE may have potential conflicts of interest with us. These shareholders may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse
to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with them and the VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to
effectively control the VIE and receive economic benefits from it. For example, the shareholders may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to
be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis.
In addition, PRC laws and regulations provide that a director owes a fiduciary duty to the company to which he or she acts as a director. The directors of
the VIE, including Mr. Cunjun Ma, our Chief Executive Officer, must act in good faith and in the best interests of the VIE and must not use his position
for personal gains. On the other hand, as a director of our company, Mr. Cunjun Ma has a duty of care and loyalty to our company and to our
shareholders as a whole under the Cayman Islands law. We control the VIE through contractual arrangements, and the business and operations of the
VIE are closely integrated with our subsidiaries’ business and operations. Nevertheless, conflicts of interests for these individuals may arise due to their
dual roles both as directors of the VIE and as directors of our company.
We cannot assure you that should any conflicts of interest arise, any or all of the shareholders and directors will act in the best interests of our
company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between
these shareholders and directors and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflicts of interest or disputes between us and them, we would have to rely
on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal
proceedings.
Substantial uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted PRC Foreign Investment Law and its
Implementation Regulations and how they may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, business operations
and financial results.
On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020, and
replaced the trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China, namely, the Sino-foreign Equity Joint Venture Enterprise Law, the Sino-foreign
Cooperative Joint Venture Enterprise Law and the Wholly Foreign-invested Enterprise Law, together with their implementation rules and ancillary
regulations. The Foreign Investment Law embodies an expected PRC regulatory trend to rationalize its foreign investment regulatory regime in line with
prevailing international practice and the legislative efforts to unify the corporate legal requirements for both foreign and domestic investments.
However, since it is relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign
Investment Law, “foreign investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other
entities in China but it does not explicitly stipulate the contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. On December 26, 2019, the State
Council promulgated the Implementation Regulations on the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. However, the
Implementation Regulations on the Foreign Investment Law still remains silent on whether contractual arrangements should be deemed as a form of
foreign investment. Though these regulations do not explicitly classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance
that foreign investment via contractual arrangements would not be interpreted as a type of foreign investment activities under the definition in the future.
In addition, the definition contains a catch-all provision which includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws or
administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, the Foreign Investment Law still leaves leeway for future laws,
administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In
any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for
foreign investment under the PRC laws and regulations. Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions prescribed by the State
Council mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to
whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to cope with any of these or similar
regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our current corporate structure, corporate governance and business operations.
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Cayman Islands economic substance requirements may have an effect on our business and operations.
Pursuant to the International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act (2021 Revision) (as amended) of the Cayman Islands, or the ES Act, a
“relevant entity” that carries on a relevant activity is required to satisfy the economic substance test in relation to that relevant activity set out in the ES
Act. A “relevant entity” includes an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands as is our company. Based on the current interpretation of the
ES Act, we believe that our company, Huize Holding Limited, is a pure equity holding company since it only holds equity participation in other entities
and only earns dividends and capital gains. Accordingly, for so long as our company, Huize Holding Limited, is a “pure equity holding company,” it is
only subject to the reduced economic substance test, which require us to (i) comply with all applicable filing requirements under the Companies Act of
the Cayman Islands, or the Companies Act; and (ii) has adequate human resources and adequate premises in the Cayman Islands for holding and
managing equity participations in other entities. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to more requirements under the ES Act.
Uncertainties over the interpretation and implementation of the ES Act may have an adverse impact on our business and operations.
Our ability to enforce the equity pledge agreements between us and the shareholders of the VIE may be subject to limitations based on PRC laws
and regulations.
Pursuant to the equity pledge agreements relating to the VIE, shareholders of the VIE pledged their equity interests in the VIE to our WFOE to
secure the VIE’s and its shareholders’ performance of the obligations and indebtedness under the Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement, Exclusive
Option and Equity Custody Agreement. As of the date of this annual report, we have registered such equity pledges with the local branch of the State
Administration for Market Regulation. Under the Civil Code of the PRC, when an obligor fails to pay its debt when due, the pledgee may choose to
either conclude an agreement with the pledger to obtain the pledged equity or seek payments from the proceeds of the auction or sell-off of the pledged
equity. If the VIE fails to perform its obligations secured by the pledges under the equity pledge agreements, one remedy in the event of default under
the agreements is to require the pledger to sell the equity interests in the VIE, as applicable, in an auction or private sale and remit the proceeds to our
subsidiary in China, net of related taxes and expenses. Such an auction or private sale may not result in our receipt of the full value of the equity
interests in the VIE. We consider it very unlikely that the public auction process would be undertaken since, in an event of default, our preferred
approach would be to ask our WFOE that is a party to the Exclusive Option and Equity Custody Agreement to designate another PRC person or entity to
acquire the equity interests in such VIE and replace the existing shareholders pursuant to the Exclusive Option and Equity Custody Agreement.
In addition, in the registration forms of the local branch of the State Administration for Market Regulation for the pledges over the equity interests
under the equity pledge agreements, the amount of registered equity interests pledged to our WFOE shall be designated as a fixed figure. The equity
pledge agreements with the shareholders of the VIE provide that the pledged equity interest constitutes continuing security for any and all of the
indebtedness, obligations and liabilities of the VIE under the contractual arrangements, and therefore it is possible that the amount of registered equity
interests cannot cover the secured obligation as a whole. However, there is no guarantee that a PRC court will not take the position that the amount listed
on the equity pledge registration forms represents the full amount of the collateral that has been registered and perfected. If this is the case, the
obligations that are supposed to be secured in the equity pledge agreements in excess of the amount listed on the equity pledge registration forms could
be determined by the PRC court to be unsecured debt, which takes last priority among creditors and often does not have to be paid back at all. We do not
have agreements that pledge the assets of the VIE and its subsidiaries for the benefit of us or our WFOE, although the VIE grants our WFOE options to
purchase the assets of the VIE and its equity interests in its subsidiaries under the Exclusive Option and Equity Custody Agreement.
If the VIE and its subsidiaries becomes the subject of a bankruptcy or liquidation proceeding, we may lose the ability to use and enjoy their assets,
which could reduce the size of our operations and materially and adversely affect our business.
We do not have priority pledges and liens against the assets of the VIE. If the VIE undergoes an involuntary liquidation proceeding, third-party
creditors may claim rights to some or all of its assets and we may not have priority against such third-party creditors on the assets of the VIE. If the VIE
liquidates, we may take part in the liquidation procedures as a general creditor under the PRC Enterprise Bankruptcy Law and recover any outstanding
liabilities owed by the VIE to our WFOE under the applicable service agreement.
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If the shareholders of the VIE were to attempt to voluntarily liquidate the VIE without obtaining our prior consent, we could effectively prevent
such unauthorized voluntary liquidation by exercising our right to request the shareholders of the VIE to transfer all of their respective equity ownership
interests to a PRC entity or an individual designated by us in accordance with the option agreement with the shareholders of the VIE. In addition, under
the operation agreement signed by our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders and according to the Civil Code of the PRC, the shareholders of the VIE do
not have the right to issue dividends to themselves or otherwise distribute the retained earnings or other assets of the VIE without our consent. In the
event that the shareholders of the VIE initiate a voluntary liquidation proceeding without our authorization or attempts to distribute the retained earnings
or assets of the VIE without our prior consent, we may need to resort to legal proceedings to enforce the terms of the contractual arrangements. Any
such litigation may be costly and may divert our management’s time and attention away from the operation of our business, and the outcome of such
litigation will be uncertain.
Our contractual arrangements with the VIE may result in adverse tax consequences to us.
As a result of our corporate structure and the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE, its shareholders and us, we are effectively
subject to the PRC value-added tax at rates from 3% to 6% and related surcharges on revenues generated by our subsidiary from our contractual
arrangements with the VIE. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its Implementing Regulations require every enterprise in China to submit its
annual enterprise income tax return together with a report on transactions with its affiliates or related parties to the tax authorities. According to the
Implementing Regulations of the Enterprise Income Tax Law, these transactions may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities within
ten years after the taxable year during which the transactions are conducted. We may be subject to adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities
were to determine that the contracts between us and the VIE were not on an arm’s length basis and therefore constitute a favorable transfer pricing
arrangement. If this occurs, the PRC tax authorities could request that the VIE and any of its subsidiaries adjust their taxable income upward for PRC
tax purposes. Such a pricing adjustment could adversely affect us by reducing expense deductions recorded by such VIE and thereby increasing the
VIE’s tax liabilities, which could subject the VIE to late fees and other penalties for the underpayment of taxes. Our results of operations may be
materially and adversely affected if the VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if either of them becomes subject to late payment fees or other penalties.
Contractual arrangements we have entered into among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax
authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE and its subsidiaries owe additional taxes, which could substantially reduce our consolidated
net profit and the value of your investment.
Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC
tax authorities. We are not able to determine whether the contractual arrangements we have entered into among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders
will be regarded by the PRC tax authorities as arm’s length transactions. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities
determine that the contractual arrangements among our wholly owned subsidiary in China, Zhixuan International Management Consulting (Shenzhen)
Co., Ltd., or our WFOE, the VIE, and the VIE’s shareholders were not entered into on an arm’s length basis or resulted in an impermissible reduction in
taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust the VIE’s income in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing
adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction, for PRC tax purposes, of expense deductions recorded by the VIE, which could in turn
increase their respective tax liabilities. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late fees and other penalties on the VIE for the adjusted but
unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the VIE’s tax liabilities increase
or if they are required to pay late fees and other penalties.
We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may
have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our
business.
We are a holding company, and we may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE, which in turn relies on
consulting and other fees paid to us by the VIE, for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash
distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. If our WFOE incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing
the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may require us to adjust our
taxable income under the contractual arrangements our WFOE currently has in place with the VIE in a manner that would materially and adversely
affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us.
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Under PRC laws and regulations, our WFOE, as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise in the PRC, may pay dividends only out of its accumulated
profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise such as our WFOE
is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits after making up the previous year’s accumulated losses each year, if any, to fund
certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. At its discretion, it may allocate a portion
of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are
not distributable as cash dividends.
Furthermore, if our WFOE and consolidated entities incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict
their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to us, which may restrict our ability to satisfy our liquidity requirements.
In addition, the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC and its implementation rules provide that withholding tax rate of 10% will be applicable to
dividends payable by PRC companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements
between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC-resident enterprises are incorporated.
Any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to
grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. In addition,
there is no assurance that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on our ability to transfer cash in the future. See also “—Risks
Relating to Doing Business in China—The dividends we receive from our WFOE may be subject to PRC tax under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax
Law, which would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.”
PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of conversion of foreign
currencies into Renminbi may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans to our WFOE and VIE or to
make additional capital contributions to our PRC subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and
expand our business.
We are an offshore holding company conducting our operations in China through our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries. We may make loans to
our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries, or we may make additional capital contributions to our WFOE.
Any loans to our WFOE, which are treated as Foreign Investment Enterprises, or FIEs, under PRC law, are subject to PRC regulations and foreign
exchange loan registrations. For example, loans we make to our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries to finance their activities cannot exceed statutory
limits and must be registered with the local counterpart of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, or filed with SAFE in its information
system. We may also provide loans to the VIE and its subsidiaries or other domestic PRC entities, according to the Circular of the People’s Bank of
China on Matters relating to the Comprehensive Macro-prudential Management of Cross-border Financing issued by the People’s Bank of China in
January 2017, the Circular of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting the Macro-prudential
Regulation Parameter for Full-covered Cross-border Financing in March 2020, the Circular of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Cross-border Financing of Enterprises in January 2021 and the Circular
of the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Cross-border
Financing in October 2022. The limit for the total amount of foreign debt is 2.5 times of their respective net assets. Moreover, any medium or long-term
loan we provide to the VIE and its subsidiaries or other domestic PRC entities must also be subject to examination and registration of the National
Development and Reform Commission. We may also decide to finance our PRC subsidiaries by means of capital contributions. These capital
contributions must be recorded with the Ministry of Commerce or its local counterpart.
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On March 30, 2015, SAFE issued the Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming the Administrative Approach
Regarding the Settlement of the Foreign Exchange Capital of Foreign-invested Enterprises, or SAFE Circular 19, which took effect on June 1, 2015 and
was subsequently amended on December 30, 2019 and March 23, 2023. Pursuant to SAFE Circular 19, up to 100% of foreign currency capital of a
foreign-invested enterprise may be converted into RMB capital according to the actual operation, and within the business scope, of the enterprise at its
will. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows for the use of RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in the
PRC, the restrictions continue to apply as to FIEs’ use of the converted RMB for purposes beyond the business scope, for entrusted loans or for inter-
company RMB loans. On June 9, 2016, SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and
Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account, which took effect on June 9, 2016 and was amended on
December 4, 2023. On December 4, 2023, SAFE promulgated the Circular on Further Deepening Reforms to Facilitate Cross-Border Trade and
Investment, which took effect on the same day. These two SAFE circulars reiterate some rules set forth in Circular 19, but changes the prohibition
against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans
to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-affiliated enterprises. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE issued the Notice of the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Facilitating Cross-border Trade and Investment, which, among other things, expanded the use of foreign
exchange capital to domestic equity investment area. Non-investment foreign-funded enterprises are allowed to lawfully make domestic equity
investments by using their capital on the premise without violation to prevailing special administrative measures for access of foreign investments
(negative list) and the authenticity and compliance with the regulations of domestic investment projects. If the VIE requires financial support from us or
our wholly owned subsidiary in the future and we find it necessary to use foreign currency-denominated capital to provide such financial support, our
ability to fund the VIE’s operations will be subject to statutory limits and restrictions, including those described above.
In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies,
we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely
basis, if at all, with respect to future loans we make to our WFOE, the VIE or its subsidiaries or with respect to future capital contributions we make to
our WFOE. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds we received from our initial public offering
and to capitalize or otherwise fund our PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our
ability to fund and expand our business.
Risks Relating to Doing Business in China
The PCAOB had historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements and the
inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of our auditor in the past has deprived our investors with the benefits of such inspections.
Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this annual report, as an auditor of
companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which
the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. The auditor is located in mainland China, a
jurisdiction where the PCAOB was historically unable to conduct inspections and investigations completely before 2022. As a result, we and investors
in the ADSs were deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. The inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China in the
past has made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control
procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that are subject to the PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB issued a report that
vacated its December 16, 2021 determination and removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or
investigate completely registered public accounting firms. However, if the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect
and investigate completely accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these
jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, we and investors in our ADSs
would be deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections again, which could cause investors and potential investors in the ADSs to lose confidence
in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.
Our ADSs may be prohibited from trading in the United States under the HFCAA in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate
completely auditors located in China. The delisting or prohibition of trading of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted or prohibited from
trading, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
Pursuant to the HFCAA, if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been
subject to inspections by the PCAOB for two consecutive years, the SEC will prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities
exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States.
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On December 16, 2021, the PCAOB issued a report to notify the SEC of its determination that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate
completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and our auditor was subject to that determination. In
May 2022, the SEC conclusively listed us as a Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA following the filing of our annual report on Form 20-F
for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB removed mainland China and Hong Kong from the list of
jurisdictions where it is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms. For this reason, we were not identified as a
Commission-Identified Issuer under the HFCAA after we filed our annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and do not
expect to be so identified after we file this annual report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.
Each year, the PCAOB will determine whether it can inspect and investigate completely audit firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, among
other jurisdictions. If the PCAOB determines in the future that it no longer has full access to inspect and investigate completely accounting firms in
mainland China and Hong Kong and we use an accounting firm headquartered in one of these jurisdictions to issue an audit report on our financial
statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, we would be identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer following the filing of the
annual report on Form 20-F for the relevant fiscal year. In accordance with the HFCAA, our securities would be prohibited from being traded on a
national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for two
consecutive years in the future. If our shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, there is no certainty that we will be able to list
on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our shares will develop outside of the United States. A prohibition of being able to trade in the United States
would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting
would have a negative impact on the price of our ADSs. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms
acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.
The approval of and filing with the CSRC or other PRC government authorities may be required in connection with our offshore offerings under
PRC law, and, if required, we cannot predict whether or for how long we will be able to obtain such approval or complete such filing.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory
agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic
companies and controlled by PRC persons or entities to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s
securities on an overseas stock exchange. The interpretation and application of the regulations remain unclear, and our offshore offerings may ultimately
require approval of the CSRC. If the CSRC approval is required, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain the approval and,
even if we obtain such CSRC approval, the approval could be rescinded. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining the CSRC approval for any of our
offshore offerings, or a rescission of such approval if obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions imposed by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory
authorities, which could include fines and penalties on our operations in China, restrictions or limitations on our ability to pay dividends outside of
China, and other forms of sanctions that may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
On July 6, 2021, the PRC government authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the
Law. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by
China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of regulatory systems to deal with the risks and
incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which became effective on March 31, 2023. According to the Overseas
Listing Filing Rules, the overseas offering and listing by a PRC domestic company, whether directly or indirectly, shall be filed with the CSRC.
Specifically, the determination of an indirect offering and listing will be conducted on a “substance over form” basis, and an offering and listing shall be
considered as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company if the issuer meets both the following conditions: (i) the operating income,
gross profit, total assets, or net assets of the domestic enterprise in the most recent fiscal year, where any index accounts for more than 50% of the
relevant line item in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statement for that year; and (ii) the main links of business activities carried out in
mainland China or the main place of business is in mainland China, or the senior management personnel responsible for business operations and
management are mostly PRC citizens or are ordinarily resident in mainland China. According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, an overseas offering
and listing is prohibited under any of the following circumstances: (i) if the intended securities offering and listing is specifically prohibited by national
laws and regulations and applicable provisions; (ii) if the intended securities offering and listing may endangers national security as reviewed and
determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law; (iii) if, in the past three years, the domestic enterprise or its
controlling shareholders or actual controllers have committed corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property, or other criminal
offenses disruptive to the order of the socialist market economy; (iv) if, the domestic enterprise is under investigation according to law for suspected
crimes or major violations of laws and regulations, but no clear conclusions have been reached; (v) if there are material ownership disputes over the
equity held by the controlling shareholder, or controlled by the controlling shareholder or the actual controller.
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According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the issuer or a major domestic operating company designated by the issuer, as the case may be,
shall file with the CSRC (i) with respect to its initial public offering and listing within three business days, after its initial filing of the listing application
to the regulator in the place of the intended listing, (ii) with respect to its follow-on offering in the same foreign market within three business days after
completion of the follow-on offering, (iii) with respect to the assets of a domestic company are directly or indirectly listed overseas through one or more
acquisitions, share swap, transfer or other transaction arrangements, the domestic company shall file with the CSRC in accordance with (i), in the case
does not involve the submission of application documents abroad, within three business days after the first public announcement of the transaction.
Non-compliance with the Overseas Listing Filing Rules or an overseas listing completed in breach of the Overseas Listing Filing Rules may result in a
warning on the domestic companies and a fine of RMB1 million to RMB10 million on them. Furthermore, the supervisors directly responsible and other
directly responsible persons of the domestic enterprises may be warned, and fined between RMB500,000 to RMB5,000,000. The controlling
shareholders or actual controllers of the domestic company organize or instigate the illegal acts, or conceals matters resulting in the illegal acts, may be
fined between RMB 1 million to RMB10 million.
Considering that the Overseas Listing Filing Rules are relatively new, there are still uncertainties as to the implementation and interpretation of the
requirements, which needs to be further guided and clarified by the CSRC and other regulatory authorities. Any subsequent filing or reporting matters of
our company in the future, such as future offshore listings, refinancing and other capital raising activities, as well as other major events, including but
not limited to the change of control, investigated or punished by overseas securities regulatory authorities or other competent authorities, changing
listing status or listing sector, terminating the listing voluntarily or forcibly, and changing our major business activities, may be subject to additional
filing or reporting requirements. Given the substantial uncertainties surrounding the latest CSRC filing requirements at this stage, we cannot assure you
that we will be able to complete the filings or reporting and fully comply with the new rules and requirements in a timely manner or at all.
In addition, we cannot assure you that any new rules or regulations promulgated in the future will not impose additional requirements on us. If it is
determined in the future that approval from or filing with the CSRC or other regulatory authorities or other procedures are required for our offshore
offerings, it is uncertain whether we can or how long it will take us to obtain such approval or complete such filing procedures and any such approval or
filing could be rescinded or rejected. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such filing procedures for our offshore
offerings, or a rescission of any such approval or filing if obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities
for failure to seek CSRC approval or filing or other government authorization for our offshore offerings. These regulatory authorities may impose fines
and penalties on our operations in China, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, limit our operating privileges in China, delay or restrict the
repatriation of the proceeds from our offshore offerings into China or take other actions that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial
condition, results of operations, and prospects, as well as the trading price of our listed securities. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities also
may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt our offshore offerings before settlement and delivery of the shares offered.
Consequently, if investors engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, they do so at the risk that
settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC or other regulatory authorities later promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that
we obtain their approvals or accomplish the required filing or other regulatory procedures for our prior offshore offerings, we may be unable to obtain a
waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties or negative publicity regarding
such approval requirement could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, reputation, and the trading price of our
listed securities.
The PRC government’s significant oversight and discretion over our business operation could result in a material adverse change in our operations
and the value of our ADSs.
We conduct our business primarily through the VIE and its subsidiaries in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and
regulations. The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business, and it may influence our operations, which
could result in a material adverse change in our operation and/or the value of our ADSs. Different regulatory bodies in China have enforced laws and
regulations regarding the insurance product and service industry, and the foreign ownership of and the licensing and permit requirements pertaining to
companies in such industries and cybersecurity, the collection and use of Internet user data and unique device identifiers, and other data protection,
information security and privacy regulation with various standards and applications. For more details, See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B.
Business Overview—Regulations.” In addition, any changes in regulatory environment, whether or not directly targeted at us, may negatively affect the
market environment, our business partners and goods and services of business partners, which may in turn have a material adverse effect on our business
result of operations and financial conditions. Those legal and regulatory developments could lead to legal and economic uncertainty, affect how we
design, market and sell our solutions and services, how we operate our business, and how we process and use data, which could negatively impact
demand for our solutions and services.
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Also, the PRC government has indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign
investment in China-based issuers. For example, on July 6, 2021, the PRC government authorities issued the Opinions on Strictly Scrutinizing Illegal
Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities
and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of
regulatory systems to deal with the risks and incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies. On December 28, 2021, the CAC and 12 other
governmental authorities jointly issued the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, which require that, among others, internet platform operators holding
over one million users’ personal information shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office for a cybersecurity review before any public offering at a
foreign stock exchange. On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Network Data Security for public comments, which stipulate,
among others, that a prior cybersecurity review is required for listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users’ personal
information, and the listing of data processors in Hong Kong which affects or may affect national security. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the
Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the overseas offering and listing by
a PRC domestic company, whether directly or indirectly, shall be filed with the CSRC. Any subsequent filing or reporting matters of our company in the
future, such as future offshore listings, refinancing and other capital raising activities, as well as other major events, including but not limited to the
change of control, investigated or punished by overseas securities regulatory authorities or other competent authorities, changing listing status or listing
sector, terminating the listing voluntarily or forcibly, and changing our major business activities, may be subject to additional filing or report
requirements. On February 24, 2023, the CSRC and several other government authorities released the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and
Archives Administration in Respect of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises. Since such regulations, rules and measures
and evolving, it remains unclear on how it will be interpreted, amended and implemented by the PRC governmental authorities. We may be unable to
obtain such approvals in a timely manner, or at all, and such approvals may be rescinded even if obtained. Any such circumstance could significantly
limit or completely hinder our ability to continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become
worthless. In addition, implementation of industry-wide regulations directly targeting our operations could cause the value of our securities to
significantly decline. Therefore, investors of our company and our business face potential uncertainty from actions taken by the PRC government
affecting our business.
Adverse changes in China’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as laws and government policies, may materially and adversely affect
our business, financial condition, results of operations and growth prospects.
We conduct businesses in the PRC, and therefore our financial conditions and results of operations are subject to influences from PRC’s economic,
political and social conditions to a great extent. For decades, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures to utilize market forces
in the development of the PRC economy. We cannot predict whether changes in the PRC’s economic, political and social conditions and in its laws,
regulations and policies will have any adverse effect on our current or future business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, many of
the economic reforms carried out by the PRC government are unprecedented or experimental and are expected to be refined and improved over time.
This refining and improving process may not necessarily have a positive effect on our operations and business development. For example, the PRC
government has in the past implemented a number of measures intended to slow down certain segments of the economy, including the real property
industry, which the government believed to be overheating. These actions, as well as other actions and policies of the PRC government, could cause a
decrease in the overall level of economic activity in the PRC and, in turn, have an adverse impact on our business and financial condition.
We are subject to the changes, interpretation and enforcement of laws and regulations in mainland China.
The legal system of mainland China is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions under
the civil law system may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. The laws and regulations of mainland China have significantly
enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in mainland China for the past decades. However, because certain laws and
regulations are relatively new, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations involve uncertainties.
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From time to time, we may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights. However, since PRC judicial and
administrative authorities have discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory provisions and contractual terms, it may be difficult to predict the
outcome of a judicial or administrative proceeding. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based, in part, on government policies and internal rules, and
the PRC is geographically large and divided into various provinces and municipalities. As such, different regulations and policies may have different
and varying applications and interpretations in different parts of the PRC, and it is possible that we may not always be aware of any potential violation
of these policies and rules. Such unpredictability towards our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights could
adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.
PRC government has complex regulatory requirements on the conduct of our business and it has indicated an intent to exert more oversight over
offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. Any such action could significantly limit or completely hinder
our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
We may be adversely affected by the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulations of internet-related businesses and companies, and
any lack of requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to our business may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of
operations.
The PRC government extensively regulates the internet industry, including foreign ownership of, and the licensing and permit requirements
pertaining to, companies in the internet industry. These internet-related laws and regulations are relatively new and evolving, and their interpretation and
enforcement involve significant uncertainties. As a result, in certain circumstances it may be difficult to determine what actions or omissions may be
deemed to be in violation of applicable laws and regulations. In addition, we do not directly own the website and mobile app platform due to the
restriction of foreign investment in businesses providing value-added telecommunications services in China, including internet information provision
services. Therefore, our business operations could be interrupted if our control over our website ad mobile app platform is challenged.
The evolving PRC regulatory system for the internet industry may lead to the establishment of new regulatory agencies. For example, in March
2018, the State Council announced the establishment of a new department, the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, (with the
involvement of the State Council Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Public Security). The
primary role of this new agency is to facilitate the policy-making and legislative development in this field, to direct and coordinate with other
departments in connection with online content administration and to deal with cross-ministry regulatory matters in relation to the internet industry, and
the National Computer Network and Information Security Management Center was adjusted to be managed by the Office of the Central Cyberspace
Affairs Commission Office instead of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.
The interpretation and application of existing PRC laws, regulations and policies and possible new laws, regulations or policies relating to the
internet industry have created substantial uncertainties regarding the legality of existing and future foreign investments in, and the businesses and
activities of, internet businesses in China, including our business. This may significantly disrupt our business, subject us to penalties, compromise
enforceability of related contractual arrangements, or have other harmful effects on us. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that we have obtained all the
permits or licenses required for conducting our business in China or will be able to maintain our existing licenses or obtain new ones. If the PRC
government considers that we were operating without the proper approvals, licenses or permits or promulgates new laws and regulations that require
additional approvals or licenses or imposes additional restrictions on the operation of any part of our business, it has the power, among other things, to
levy fines, confiscate our income, revoke our business licenses, and require us to discontinue our relevant business or impose restrictions on the affected
portion of our business. Any of these actions by the PRC government may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business and results of
operations.
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We face uncertainties with respect to the enactment, interpretation and implementation of the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform
Economy Sector.
On February 7, 2021, Anti-monopoly Commission of the State Council published the Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Internet Platform
Economy Sector that aims at specifying some of the circumstances under which an activity of internet platform may be identified as monopolistic act as
well as setting out merger controlling filing procedures involving variable interest entity, which became effective on the same day. Due to the
uncertainties associated with the evolving legislative activities and varied local implementation practices of anti-monopoly and competition laws and
regulations in the PRC, it may be costly to adjust some of our business practice in order to comply with these laws, regulations, rules, guidelines and
implementations, and any noncompliance or associated inquiries, investigations and other governmental actions may divert significant management time
and attention and our financial resources, bring negative publicity, subject us to liabilities or administrative penalties, and/or materially and adversely
affect our financial conditions, operations and business prospects.
Government control of currency conversion and future fluctuation of Renminbi exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results
of operations and financial condition, and may reduce the value of, and dividends payable on, our Shares in foreign currency terms.
Substantially all our income, costs and expenses are denominated in Renminbi, which is not currently a completely freely convertible currency. A
portion of these income must be converted into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations, including our payments of declared dividends,
if any, for our Shares.
Under the PRC’s existing foreign exchange regulations, by complying with certain procedural requirements, we will be able to undertake current
account foreign exchange transactions, including payment of dividends in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of
Foreign Exchange. However, the PRC government may take measures at its discretion in the future to restrict access to foreign currencies for capital
account and current account transactions under certain circumstances. We may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our Shareholders if
the PRC government restricts access to foreign currencies for current account transactions. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations,
conversion of Renminbi is permitted, without prior approval from the SAFE, for current account transactions, including profit distributions, interest
payments and expenditures from trade-related transactions, as long as certain procedural requirements are complied with. However, approval from and
registration with the SAFE and other PRC regulatory authorities are required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out
of China for capital account transactions, which includes foreign direct investment and repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. These
limitations could affect our ability to obtain foreign exchange through equity financing, or to obtain foreign exchange for capital expenditures.
The value of Renminbi against the HK dollar, the U.S. dollar and other currencies fluctuate, subject to change resulting from the PRC
government’s policies, and depends to a large extent on domestic and international economic and political developments as well as supply and demand
in the local market. It is difficult to predict how market forces or government policies may impact the exchange rate between the Renminbi and the HK
dollar, the U.S. dollar or other currencies in the future. In addition, the People’s Bank of China regularly intervenes in the foreign exchange market to
limit fluctuations in Renminbi exchange rates and achieve policy goals.
Furthermore, the net proceeds from our initial public offering are deposited overseas in currencies other than Renminbi until we obtain necessary
approvals from PRC regulatory authorities to convert these proceeds into onshore Renminbi. If the net proceeds cannot be converted into onshore
Renminbi in a timely manner, our ability to deploy these proceeds efficiently may be affected, as we will not be able to invest these proceeds on
RMB-denominated assets onshore or deploy them in uses onshore where Renminbi is required, which may adversely affect our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our
directors and management named in the annual report based on foreign laws.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, we conduct substantially all of our operations in China and
substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time
and most of them are PRC nationals. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process upon us or those persons inside mainland China.
It may also be difficult for you to enforce in U.S. courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal
securities laws against us and our officers and directors as none of them currently resides in the United States or has substantial assets located in the
United States. In addition, there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S.
courts against us or such persons predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state. Due to
jurisdictional limitations, matters of comity and various other factors, the SEC, U.S. Department of Justice and other U.S. authorities may also
experience difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against us or our directors and officers, including in instances of fraud or other wrongdoing.
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The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. PRC courts may recognize and
enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law based either on treaties between China and the country
where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions. China does not have any treaties or other forms of written arrangement
with the United States that provide for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In addition, according to the PRC Civil
Procedures Law, the PRC courts will not enforce a foreign judgment against us or our directors and officers if they decide that the judgment violates the
basic principles of PRC laws or national sovereignty, security or public interest. As a result, it is uncertain whether and on what basis a PRC court would
enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.
In addition, shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, may be difficult to
pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. Under the PRC Civil Procedures Law, foreign shareholders may originate actions based on PRC law
against a company in China for disputes if they can establish sufficient nexus to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction, and meet other procedural
requirements, including, among others, the plaintiff must have a direct interest in the case, and there must be a concrete claim, a factual basis and a cause
for the suit. It will be, however, difficult for U.S. shareholders to originate actions against us in the PRC in accordance with PRC laws because we are
incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and it will be difficult for U.S. shareholders, by virtue only of holding the ADSs or our common
shares, to establish a connection to the PRC for a PRC court to have jurisdiction as required under the PRC Civil Procedures Law.
On July 14, 2006, the Supreme People’s Court of China and the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region signed an
Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters, or the 2006 Arrangement. Under such
arrangement, where any designated People’s Court or any designated Hong Kong court has made an enforceable final judgment requiring payment of
money in a civil and commercial case pursuant to a choice of court agreement, any party concerned may apply to the competent People’s Court or Hong
Kong court for recognition and enforcement of the judgment. On January 18, 2019, the Supreme Court of the People’s Republic of China and the
Department of Justice under the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region signed the Arrangement on Reciprocal Recognition and
Enforcement of Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters by the Courts of the Mainland and of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, or the
2019 Arrangement. The 2019 Arrangement, for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters between the
courts in mainland China and those in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, stipulates the scope and particulars of judgments, the procedures
and ways of the application for recognition or enforcement, the review of the jurisdiction of the court that issued the original judgment, the
circumstances where the recognition and enforcement of a judgment shall be refused, and the approaches towards remedies, among others. The 2019
Arrangement took effect on January 29, 2024 and replaced the 2006 Arrangement. The 2019 Arrangement shall apply to any judgment made on or after
its effective date by the courts of both sides. If a “written choice of court agreement” has been signed by parties according to the 2006 Arrangement
prior to the effective date of the 2019 Arrangement, the 2006 Arrangement shall still apply. Since the 2019 Arrangement is relatively new and is subject
to the interpretation and implementation by courts in practice, there are still uncertainties about the outcomes and effectiveness of enforcement or
recognition of judgments under the 2019 Arrangement.
Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment
The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by
China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. Since June 2010, Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar, at times significantly and
unpredictably. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC or U.S. government policies may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and the
U.S. dollar in the future.
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To the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for capital expenditures and working capital and other business purposes,
appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on Renminbi amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely,
if we decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for dividends on our common shares, strategic acquisitions or
investments or other business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollar against Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollar amount
available to us.
The reporting currency of our company is the Renminbi. However, the functional currency of our consolidated operating subsidiaries and variable
interest entity is the Renminbi and substantially all of their revenues and expenses are denominated in Renminbi. Fluctuations in exchange rates,
primarily those involving the U.S. dollar, may affect the relative purchasing power of these proceeds. In addition, appreciation or depreciation in the
value of the Renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar would affect our financial results reported in U.S. dollar terms without giving effect to any underlying
change in our business or results of operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rate will also affect the relative value of earnings from, and the value of any
U.S. dollar-denominated investments we make in the future.
Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. To date, we have not entered into any
hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in
the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure or at all. In
addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign
currency. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may have a material adverse effect on your investment.
PRC regulations relating to investments in offshore companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC-resident beneficial owners or our WFOE to
liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our WFOE or limit our WFOE’s ability to increase their registered capital or distribute
profits.
PRC residents are required to file or obtain the certificates of outbound investment from, or register with, regulatory authorities when investing in
offshore companies. According to administrative measures for the outbound investment by PRC entities promulgated by the National Development and
Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce, PRC entities shall obtain the approval or file with the National Development and Reform
Commission and the Ministry of Commerce when investing in offshore companies, and shall update or apply for amendment in respect to the
certificates, filings or registrations in the event of any significant changes with respect to the offshore investment. SAFE promulgated the Circular on
Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Offshore Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through
Special Purpose Vehicles, or SAFE Circular 37, on July 4, 2014, which replaced the former circular commonly known as “SAFE Circular 75”
promulgated by SAFE on October 21, 2005. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents (including individuals and entities) to register with local branches
of SAFE in connection with their direct establishment or indirect control of an offshore entity, for the purpose of overseas investment and financing,
with such PRC residents’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests, referred to in SAFE Circular 37
as a “special purpose vehicle.” SAFE Circular 37 further requires amendment to the registration in the event of any significant changes with respect to
the special purpose vehicle, such as increase or decrease of capital contributed by PRC individuals, share transfer or exchange, merger, division or other
material event. In the event that a PRC resident holding interests in a special purpose vehicle fails to fulfill the required SAFE registration, the PRC
subsidiaries of that special purpose vehicle may be prohibited from making profit distributions to the offshore parent and from carrying out subsequent
cross-border foreign exchange activities, and the special purpose vehicle may be restricted in its ability to contribute additional capital into its PRC
subsidiaries. Moreover, failure to comply with the various SAFE registration requirements described above could result in liability under PRC law for
evasion of foreign exchange controls. According to the Notice on Further Simplifying and Improving Policies for the Foreign Exchange Administration
of Direct Investment released on February 13, 2015, by SAFE, local banks will examine and handle foreign exchange registration for overseas direct
investment, including the initial foreign exchange registration and amendment registration, under SAFE Circular 37 from June 1, 2015.
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As of the date of this annual report, all of our beneficial owners who are PRC individuals have completed their initial registration under SAFE
Circular 37, and our shareholders who are PRC entities have completed SAFE registration under the foreign exchange regulations. We have notified and
requested all of our shareholders to comply with, or notify their beneficial owners who are PRC residents to comply with applicable PRC regulations,
including the requirements of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce and their filing obligation under SAFE
Circular 37 and other implementation rules. Nevertheless, we do not have control over our beneficial owners and there can be no assurance that all of
our PRC-resident beneficial owners will at all times comply with such requirements and obligations. In addition, we cannot assure you that all of our
shareholders or beneficial owners who are PRC residents will in the future update or apply for amendment with respect to the certificates, filings or
registrations in the event of any significant changes with respect to the offshore investment. The failure of our beneficial owners who are PRC residents
to register or amend certificates, filings or registrations in a timely manner pursuant to applicable PRC regulations, or the failure of future beneficial
owners of our company who are PRC residents to comply with the registration procedures set forth in applicable PRC laws and regulations, may subject
such beneficial owners or our WFOE to fines and legal sanctions. Failure to register or comply with the requirements may also limit our ability to
contribute additional capital to our WFOE and limit our WFOE’s ability to distribute dividends to our company or conduct other foreign exchange
transactions. These risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Failure to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee share ownership plans or share option plans may
subject the PRC plan participants or us to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.
Pursuant to the Notice on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan
of Overseas Publicly Listed Company, issued by SAFE in February 2012, employees, directors, supervisors and other senior management participating
in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous
period of not less than one year, subject to a few exceptions, are required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be a
PRC subsidiaries of such overseas listed company, and complete certain other procedures. We and our directors, executive officers and other employees
who are PRC citizens or who reside in the PRC for a continuous period of not less than one year and who have been granted restricted shares, restricted
share units or options will be subject to these regulations if those employees exercise such restricted shares, restricted share units or options. Separately,
SAFE Circular 37 also requires certain registration procedures to be completed if those employees exercise restricted shares, restricted share units or
options before listing. Failure to complete the SAFE registrations may subject them to fines and legal sanctions and may also limit our ability to
contribute additional capital into our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China and limit these subsidiaries’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We
also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors and employees under PRC law.
In addition, the State Administration of Taxation has issued certain circulars concerning employee share options or restricted shares. Under these
circulars, the employees working in the PRC who exercise share options or are granted restricted share units will be subject to PRC individual income
tax. Our WFOE have obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with the tax authorities and to withhold
individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their share options. If our employees fail to pay or we fail to withhold their income taxes
according to the laws and regulations, we may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities.
Failure to make adequate contributions to various employee benefit plans as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.
Companies operating in China are required to participate in various government-mandated employee benefit contribution plans, including certain
social insurance, housing funds and other welfare plans, open and register accounts for social insurance accounts and housing funds, and contribute in
their own names to the plans in amounts equal to certain percentages of salaries, including bonuses and allowances, of employees up to a maximum
amount specified by the local government from time to time at locations where companies operate our businesses. The requirements of employee benefit
contribution plans have not been implemented consistently by the local governments in China given the different levels of economic development in
different geographical areas.
Certain PRC subsidiaries of the VIE had historically failed to make adequate social insurances and housing fund contributions for their
employees, failed to open and register the accounts for social insurance and housing funds or engage third-party agencies to make contributions in such
agencies’ names to such employee benefit plans. We cannot assure you that we will not be required to make up the contributions for these welfare plans
as well as late fees and fines, or that we will, in the future, be able to make adequate contributions to employee benefit plans for all employees or open
and register the accounts for social insurance and housing funds in a timely manner, or at all. If we are subject to investigations or penalties related to
non-compliance with labor laws, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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Any failure by us or our third-party service providers to comply with applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations could damage our
reputation.
In collaboration with our third-party service providers, we have adopted various policies and procedures, such as internal controls and “know-
your-client” procedures, for anti-money laundering purposes. The Guidelines on Promoting the Healthy Development of Internet Finance Industry
purports, among other things, to require internet financial service providers, including us, to comply with certain anti-money laundering requirements,
including:
•
•
•
•
the establishment of a borrower identification program;
the monitoring and reporting of the suspicious transaction;
the preservation of borrower information and transaction records; and
the provision of assistance to the public security department and judicial authority in investigations and proceedings in relation to anti-
money laundering matters.
There is no assurance that our anti-money laundering policies and procedures will protect us from being exploited for money laundering purposes
or that we will be deemed to be in compliance with applicable anti-money laundering implementing rules, if and when adopted, given that our anti-
money laundering obligations in the Guidelines on Promoting the Healthy Development of Internet Finance Industry. Any new requirement under
money laundering laws could increase our costs and may expose us to potential sanctions if we fail to comply.
We have not been subject to fines or other penalties, or suffered business or other reputational harm, as a result of actual or alleged money
laundering activities in the past. However, our policies and procedures may not be completely effective in preventing other parties from using us, any of
third-party service providers as a conduit for money laundering (including illegal cash operations) without our knowledge. If we were to be associated
with money laundering (including illegal cash operations), our reputation could suffer and we could become subject to regulatory fines, sanctions or
legal enforcement, including being added to any “blacklists” that would prohibit certain parties from engaging in transactions with us, all of which could
have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Even if we and our third-party service providers comply with the
applicable anti-money laundering laws and regulations, we and our third-party service providers may not be able to fully eliminate money laundering
and other illegal or improper activities in light of the complexity and the secrecy of these activities. Any negative perception of the industry, such as that
arises from any failure of other insurance service providers to detect or prevent money laundering activities, even if factually incorrect or based on
isolated incidents, could compromise our image, undermine the trust and credibility we have established and negatively impact our financial condition
and results of operations.
China’s M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign investors,
which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.
A number of PRC laws and regulations have established procedures and requirements that could make merger and acquisition activities in China
by foreign investors more time consuming and complex. In addition to the Anti- monopoly Law itself, these include the Regulations on Mergers and
Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the M&A Rules, adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009,
and the Rules of the Ministry of Commerce on Implementation of Security Review System of Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by
Foreign Investors, or the Security Review Rules, promulgated in 2011. These laws and regulations impose requirements in some instances that the
Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic
enterprise. In addition, the Anti-Monopoly Law requires that the Ministry of Commerce be notified in advance of any concentration of undertaking if
certain thresholds are triggered. Moreover, the Security Review Rules specify that mergers and acquisitions by foreign investors that raise “national
defense and security” concerns and mergers and acquisitions through which foreign investors may acquire de facto control over domestic enterprises
that raise “national security” concerns are subject to strict review by the Ministry of Commerce, and prohibit any attempt to bypass a security review,
including by structuring the transaction through a proxy or contractual control arrangement. In the future, we may grow our business by acquiring
complementary businesses. Complying with the requirements of the regulations to complete such transactions could be time consuming, and any
required approval processes, including approval from the Ministry of Commerce, may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which
could affect our ability to expand our business or maintain our market share.
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We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.
We face uncertainties regarding the reporting on and consequences of previous private equity financing transactions involving the transfer and
exchange of shares in our company by non-resident investors.
In February 2015, the State Administration of Taxation issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by
Non-PRC Resident Enterprises, or SAT Bulletin 7, as amended in 2017. Pursuant to this bulletin, an “indirect transfer” of assets, including equity
interests in a PRC resident enterprise, by non-PRC resident enterprises may be re-characterized and treated as a direct transfer of PRC taxable assets, if
such arrangement does not have a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of avoiding payment of PRC enterprise income
tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax. According to SAT Bulletin 7, “PRC taxable
assets” include assets attributed to an establishment in China, immovable properties located in China, and equity investments in PRC resident
enterprises, in respect of which gains from their transfer by a direct holder, being a non-PRC resident enterprise, would be subject to PRC enterprise
income taxes. When determining whether there is a “reasonable commercial purpose” of the transaction arrangement, features to be taken into
consideration include: whether the main value of the equity interest of the offshore enterprise derives from PRC taxable assets; whether the assets of the
offshore enterprise mainly consist of direct or indirect investment in China or if its income mainly derives from China; whether the offshore enterprise
and its subsidiary directly or indirectly holding PRC taxable assets have real commercial nature which is evidenced by their actual function and risk
exposure; the duration of existence of shareholders, the business model and organizational structure; the information about the payment of due income
tax outside China on indirect transfer of Chinese taxable property; the substitutability between indirect investment by equity transferor, indirect transfer
of Chinese taxable property and direct investment, direct transfer of Chinese taxable property; Chinese tax conventions or arrangements applicable to
the proceeds from indirect transfer of Chinese taxable property; and other relevant factors. In respect of an indirect offshore transfer of assets of a PRC
establishment, the resulting gain is to be included with the enterprise income tax filing of the PRC establishment or place of business being transferred,
and would consequently be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at a rate of 25%. Where the underlying transfer relates to the immovable properties
located in China or to equity investments in a PRC resident enterprise, which is not related to a PRC establishment or place of business of a non-resident
enterprise, a PRC enterprise income tax of 10% would apply, subject to available preferential tax treatment under applicable tax treaties or similar
arrangements, and the party who is obligated to make the transfer payments has the withholding obligation. SAT Bulletin 7 does not apply to
transactions of sale of shares by investors through a public stock exchange where such shares were acquired from a transaction through a public stock
exchange.
There are uncertainties as to the application of SAT Bulletin 7. We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and
future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries or investments.
Our company may be subject to filing obligations or taxed if our company is transferor in such transactions, and may be subject to withholding
obligations if our company is transferee in such transactions under SAT Bulletin 7. For transfer of shares in our company by investors that are non-PRC
resident enterprises, our WFOE may be requested to assist in the filing under SAT Bulletin 7. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable
resources to comply with SAT Bulletin 7 or to request the transferors from whom we purchase taxable assets to comply with these circulars, or to
establish that our company should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of
operations.
The dividends we receive from our WFOE may be subject to PRC tax under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which would have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
Under the applicable PRC tax laws in effect before January 1, 2008, dividend payments to foreign investors made by foreign-invested enterprises
in China were exempt from PRC withholding tax. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, however, dividends generated after January 1, 2008,
and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign investors are subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s
jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. We are a Cayman Islands holding
company and substantially all of our income may come from dividends we receive from our WFOE. Since there is currently no such tax treaty between
China and the Cayman Islands, dividends we receive from our WFOE will generally be subject to a 10% withholding tax, which would have a material
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to
us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.
Prior to January 1, 2008, dividends payable to non-PRC investors were exempted from withholding tax. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and
its implementation rules provide that PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 10% will generally be applicable to dividends derived from sources within
the PRC and received by non-PRC enterprise shareholders. Similarly, gains derived from the transfer of shares by such shareholders are also subject to
PRC enterprise income tax if such gains are regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. Since there remain uncertainties regarding the
interpretation and implementation of the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, it is uncertain whether, if we are regarded as a
PRC resident enterprise, any dividends that we distribute to our non-PRC shareholders and ADS holders which are enterprises would be subject to any
PRC withholding tax. If we are required under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our
non-PRC enterprise shareholders and ADS holders, or if gains on the disposition of our shares by such holders are subject to the Enterprise Income Tax
Law of the PRC, your investment in our common shares or ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.
If the custodians or authorized users of controlling non-tangible assets of our company, including our corporate chops and seals, fail to fulfill their
responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets, our business and operations could be materially and adversely affected
Under PRC law, legal documents for corporate transactions, including contracts such as consulting service agreements we enter into with wealth
management product providers, which are important to our business, are executed using the chops (a Chinese stamp or seal) or seals of the signing
entity, or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the local branch of the State Administration for
Market Regulation.
Although we usually utilize chops to enter into contracts, the designated legal representatives of each of our WFOE and consolidated entities have
the power to enter into contracts on behalf of such entities without chops and bind such entities. All designated legal representatives of our WFOE and
consolidated entities have signed employment undertaking letters with us or our WFOE and consolidated entities under which they agree to abide by
various duties they owe to us. In order to maintain the physical security of our chops and the chops of our PRC entities, we generally store these items in
secured locations accessible only by the authorized personnel of each of our WFOE and consolidated entities. Although we monitor such authorized
personnel, there is no assurance such procedures will prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. We also use electronic chops for certain transactions.
While we have in place internal procedures and rules to secure our electronic chops, including to ensure that only authorized signatories are permitted to
deploy them, electronic chops are inherently susceptible to misuse. Any misuse of our electronic chops could have severe financial and legal
implications, and could materially and adversely affect our business and financial performance. Accordingly, if any of our authorized personnel misuse
or misappropriate our corporate chops or seals, whether physical or electronic, we could encounter difficulties in maintaining control over the entities
and experience significant disruption to our operations. If a designated legal representative obtains control of the chops in an effort to obtain control over
any of our WFOE or consolidated entities, we, our WFOE or consolidated entities would need to pass a new shareholder or board resolution to designate
a new legal representative and we would need to take legal actions to seek the return of the chops, apply for new chops with the authorities, or otherwise
seek legal redress for the violation of the representative’s fiduciary duties to us, which could involve significant time and resources and divert
management attention away from our regular business. In addition, the affected entity may not be able to recover corporate assets that are sold or
transferred out of our control in the event of such a misappropriation if a transferee relies on the apparent authority of the representative and acts in good
faith.
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Risks Relating to Our ADSs
If we fail to regain compliance on Nasdaq’s minimum bid price requirement, or fail to meet other continued listing requirements, our ADSs could be
subject to delisting, which may significantly reduce the liquidity of our ADSs and cause further declines to the market price of our ADSs.
Our ADSs are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, or Nasdaq. The Nasdaq Listing Rules have minimum requirements that a company
must meet for continued listing on Nasdaq. These requirements include, among others, maintaining a minimum bid price of US$1.00 per ADS for a
period of 30 consecutive trading days. On October 12, 2022, we received a written notification from Nasdaq indicating that for the last 30 consecutive
business days, the closing bid price for our ADSs was below the minimum bid price of US$1.00 per share requirement. We regained compliance with
the minimum bid price requirement on December 13, 2022. On January 5, 2024, we received another written notification from Nasdaq indicating that
for the last 30 consecutive business days, the closing bid price for our ADSs was below the minimum bid price of US$1.00 per share requirement. We
were granted a grace period of 180 calendar days, expiring on July 3, 2024, to regain compliance. If we fail to satisfy Nasdaq Global Market’s continued
listing requirements and fail to regain compliance on a timely basis, our ADSs could be delisted from Nasdaq Global Market, and we may need to
transfer the listing or trading of our ADSs to other stock exchange or trading venues. However, there can be no assurance that our ADSs will be eligible
for trading on any such alternative exchanges or markets in the United States. If Nasdaq determines to delist our ADSs, or if we fail to list our ADSs on
other stock exchanges or find alternative trading venue for our ADSs, the market liquidity and the price of our ADSs and our ability to obtain financing
for our operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The trading price of our ADSs has been and may continue to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.
Since our ADSs became listed on the Nasdaq Global Market on February 11, 2020, the trading price of our ADSs been subject to side fluctuations.
In 2023, the trading prices of our ADS on the Nasdaq Global Market have ranged from US$0.79 to US$2.08 per ADS. The trading price of other
Chinese companies’ securities, including internet-based companies, may affect the attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United
States, which consequently may impact the trading performance of our ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative
news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or matters of the Chinese companies
may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of our conduct. The trading price of
our ADSs may fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the
performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in
the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for our ADSs may be volatile for factors specific to our own
operations, including the following:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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variations in our net revenues, earnings and cash flow;
our or our competitors’ announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, or joint ventures;
our or our competitors’ announcements of new products and services and expansions;
changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
failure on our part to realize monetization opportunities as expected;
additions or departures of key personnel;
release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;
detrimental negative publicity about us, our management, our competitors or our industry;
regulatory developments affecting us or our industry; and
actual or potential litigation or regulatory investigations.
Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the trading volume and price of the ADSs.
In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of
instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s
attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our
results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future.
In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our
financial condition and results of operations.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or if they adversely change their
recommendations regarding our ADSs, the market price for our ADSs and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or
more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us
or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume
for the ADSs to decline.
Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of our ADSs.
Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying
identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the
sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the
sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative
opinions regarding the issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a
security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market.
Public companies listed in the United States that have a substantial majority of their operations in China have been the subject of short selling.
Much of the scrutiny and negative publicity has centered on allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting resulting in
financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases,
allegations of fraud. As a result, many of these companies are now conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations and, in the
interim, are subject to shareholder lawsuits and/or SEC enforcement actions.
We may be the subject of unfavorable allegations made by short sellers in the future. Any such allegations may be followed by periods of
instability in the market price of our common shares and ADSs and negative publicity. If and when we become the subject of any unfavorable
allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such
allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in
which we can proceed against the short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable federal or state law or issues of commercial confidentiality.
Such a situation could be costly and time-consuming and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are
ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business operations and shareholders’ equity, and the value of any
investment in our ADSs could be greatly reduced or rendered worthless.
Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of
control transactions that holders of our Class A common shares and the ADSs may view as beneficial.
We have a dual-class common share structure. Our common shares are divided into Class A common shares and Class B common shares. Holders
of Class A common shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B common shares are entitled to 15 votes per share on all matters
subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company. Each Class B common share is convertible into one Class A common share at any time by the
holder thereof, while Class A common shares are not convertible into Class B common shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer,
assignment or disposition of Class B common shares by a holder thereof to any person or entity that is not an affiliate of such holder, such Class B
common shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A common shares.
As of February 29, 2024, Mr. Cunjun Ma, the chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer, beneficially owned all of the
150,591,207 Class B common shares and 9,321,540 Class A common shares in the form of ADSs. Together with 137,153,306 Class A common shares,
the voting power of which has been delegated to Mr. Cunjun Ma, Mr. Cunjun Ma is able to exercise in aggregate 77.4% of our total voting power.
Therefore, Mr. Cunjun Ma has decisive influence over matters requiring shareholders’ approval, including election of directors and significant corporate
transactions, such as a merger of our company. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage
others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of our Class A common shares and the ADSs
may view as beneficial.
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The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of our ADSs could adversely affect their market price.
Sales of substantial amounts of our ADSs in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market
price of our ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. We cannot predict what effect, if any,
market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on
the market price of our ADSs.
Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future, you must rely on price appreciation of our ADSs for return on your investment.
We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business.
As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in our ADSs as a
source for any future dividend income.
Pursuant to our articles of association, our board of directors has absolute discretion as to whether to declare dividends subject to the requirements
of the Companies Act. Our articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of our company, realized or
unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from profits which the directors determine is no longer needed. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of
share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Act. Under the
Companies Act, no distribution or dividend may be paid out of the share premium account unless, immediately following the date on which the
distribution or dividend is proposed to be paid, the company shall be able to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our
board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our
future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, we receive from our WFOE, our
financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in
our ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ADSs. There is no guarantee that our ADSs will appreciate in value or
even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ADSs and you may even lose your
entire investment in our ADSs.
You may not have the same voting rights as the holders of our Class A common shares and may not receive voting materials in time to be able to
exercise your right to vote.
Holders of our ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend
general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights that are carried by the
underlying Class A common shares represented by your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the
provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. If we instruct the
depositary to ask for your instructions, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as practicable, to vote the underlying
Class A common shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask for your instructions,
the depositary may still vote in accordance with instructions you give, but it is not required to do so. You will not be able to directly exercise your right
to vote with respect to the underlying Class A common shares represented by your ADSs unless you withdraw the shares and become the registered
holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting. Under our memorandum and articles of association, the minimum notice period
required to be given by our company to our registered shareholders for convening a general meeting is ten clear days.
When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the Class A common shares
underlying your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to
be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our memorandum and articles of association, for the purposes of determining
those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and fix in advance a
record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the
Class A common shares underlying your ADSs and becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able
to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to
deliver our voting materials to you. We have agreed to give the depositary at least 30 days’ prior notice of shareholder meetings. Nevertheless, we
cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A common
shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their
manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the Class A common shares
underlying your ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the Class A common shares underlying your ADSs are not voted as you
requested.
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The depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote the Class A common shares underlying your ADSs if you do not give voting instructions to
the depositary to direct how the Class A common shares underlying your ADSs are voted, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely
affect your interests.
Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not give voting instructions to the depositary to direct how the Class A common shares
underlying your ADSs are voted, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote the Class A common shares underlying your ADSs at
shareholders’ meetings unless:
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•
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we have failed to timely provide the depositary with notice of meeting and related voting materials;
we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;
we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;
a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or
the voting at the meeting is to be made on a show of hands.
The effect of this discretionary proxy is that if you do not give voting instructions to the depositary to direct how the Class A common shares
underlying your ADSs are voted, you cannot prevent the Class A common shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, except under the
circumstances described above. This may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence the management of our company. Holders of our Class A
common shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.
Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings.
We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights
available to you in the United States unless we register both the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an
exemption from the registration requirements is available. Under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not make rights available to you unless both
the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration under
the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a
registration statement to be declared effective and we may not be able to establish a necessary exemption from registration under the Securities Act.
Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.
You may not receive cash dividends if the depositary decides it is impractical to make them available to you.
The depositary will pay cash dividends on the ADSs only to the extent that we decide to distribute dividends on our Class A common shares or
other deposited securities, and we do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our Class A common shares in the foreseeable future. To
the extent that there is a distribution, the depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian
receives on our Class A common shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in
proportion to the number of Class A common shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or
impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute
certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may
decide not to distribute such property to you.
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We and the depository are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of ADS holders under the terms of such agreement, and
we may terminate the deposit agreement, without the prior consent of the ADS holders.
We and the depository are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of the ADS holders under the terms of such agreement,
without the prior consent of the ADS holders. We and the depositary may agree to amend the deposit agreement in any way we decide is necessary or
advantageous to us. Amendments may reflect, among other things, operational changes in the ADS program, legal developments affecting ADSs or
changes in the terms of our business relationship with the depositary. In the event that the terms of an amendment are disadvantageous to ADS holders,
ADS holders will only receive 30 days’ advance notice of the amendment, and no prior consent of the ADS holders is required under the deposit
agreement. Furthermore, we may decide to terminate the ADS facility at any time for any reason. For example, terminations may occur when we decide
to list our shares on a non-U.S. securities exchange and determine not to continue to sponsor an ADS facility or when we become the subject of a
takeover or a going-private transaction. If the ADS facility will terminate, ADS holders will receive at least 90 days’ prior notice, but no prior consent is
required from them. Under the circumstances that we decide to make an amendment to the deposit agreement that is disadvantageous to ADS holders or
terminate the deposit agreement, the ADS holders may choose to sell their ADSs or surrender their ADSs and become direct holders of the underlying
Class A common shares, but will have no right to any compensation whatsoever.
ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement or relating to our shares or the ADSs,
which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.
The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our Class A common shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS
holders waive the right to a jury trial of any claim that they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our Class A common
shares, our ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.
If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on
the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual
pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States
Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the
State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has non-exclusive jurisdiction over
matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally
consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the
deposit agreement and our ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit
agreement.
If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the
deposit agreement or our ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a
jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought
against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be
conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could
be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.
Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit
agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial
owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder.
You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.
Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it
deems it expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons,
including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADS
holders on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The
depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of the ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or
at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or
under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.
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Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. We conduct our operations outside the United States and
substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, substantially all of our directors and executive officers and the experts
named in this annual report reside outside the United States, and most of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult
or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against them in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed
under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Legal claims, including federal securities law claims, against China-based Issuers, or their directors
and officers based in China, may be difficult or impossible for investors to pursue in U.S. courts. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this
kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands, the PRC or other certain jurisdictions may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets
of our directors and officers. In that case, you may have to rely on legal claims and remedies available in China, where we and our directors and officers
maintain substantially all of our assets. The claims and remedies available in these jurisdictions are significantly different from those available in the
United States and are difficult to pursue. For risks relating to enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our directors and
officers, see “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—You may experience difficulties in effecting
service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our directors and management named in the annual
report based on foreign laws.”
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are
incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by, among other things, our
memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action
against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under the Cayman Islands law are to a large
extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited
judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are
not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not
as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands
has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially
interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, with respect to Cayman Islands companies, plaintiffs may face special
obstacles, including but not limited to those relating to jurisdiction and standing, in attempting to assert derivative claims in state or federal courts of the
United States.
Under Cayman Islands law, the notice of registered office is a matter of public record. A list of the names of the current directors and alternate
directors (if applicable) are made available by the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands for inspection by any person on payment of a fee. The
register of mortgages and charges is open to inspection by creditors and members of the company. Shareholders of Cayman Islands companies like us
have no general rights under the Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records, or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Our
directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be
inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the
information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy
contest.
Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies
incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. We may in the future rely on home country practice with respect to our corporate
governance. If we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would
under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.
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As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our
management, members of our board of directors or our controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in
the United States.
It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.
Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country
or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may
not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, which
became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the
territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas
securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase the difficulties you face in
protecting your interests. See also “—Risks Relating to Our ADSs—You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect
your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law” for risks associated with investing in us as a
Cayman Islands company.
Our memorandum and articles of association contains anti-takeover provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us and adversely
affect the rights of holders of our Class A common shares and ADSs.
Our currently effective memorandum and articles of association contain certain provisions that could limit the ability of others to acquire control
of our company, including a provision that grants authority to our board of directors to issue from time to time one or more series of preferred shares
without action by our shareholders and to determine, with respect to any series of preferred shares, the terms and rights of that series. These provisions
could have the effect of depriving our shareholders and ADS holders of the opportunity to sell their shares or ADSs at a premium over the prevailing
market price by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of our company in a tender offer or similar transactions.
We are an emerging growth company and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements
applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the
auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we
elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards
until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. Further, as an emerging growth
company, we elect to use the extended transition period for complying with new or revised financial accounting standards.
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions
applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and
regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:
•
•
•
•
the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under
the Exchange Act;
the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for
insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and
the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material non-public information under Regulation FD.
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We are required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our
results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Global Market. Press releases relating to
financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to
the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be
afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.
As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate
governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they
would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq listing standards.
As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq Stock Market corporate governance
listing standards. However, the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its
home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq
Stock Market corporate governance listing standards. We have relied on the exemption available to foreign private issuers for the requirement under
Nasdaq Rule 5635(c) that shareholders’ approval must be obtained prior to the issuance of securities when a stock option or purchase plan is to be
established or materially amended or when other equity compensation arrangement is to be made or materially amended, pursuant to which stock may
be acquired by officers, directors, employees, or consultants. We have elected to follow our home country practice and did not obtain shareholders’
approval for the material amendment to our 2019 Plan. If we continue to rely on this and other exemptions available to foreign private issuers in the
future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable
to U.S. domestic issuers.
We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain
corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.
We are a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules because Mr. Cunjun Ma, our chairman and chief executive
officer, beneficially owns more than 50% of our total voting power. For so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are
permitted to elect to rely on, and may rely on, certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including (i) an exemption from having the majority
of our board of directors composed of independent directors, (ii) having a compensation committee composed entirely of independent directors, and
(iii) having a nominating and corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. As a result, you may not have the same
protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.
There can be no assurance that we will not be a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any
taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our ADSs or Class A common shares to significant adverse United States federal income
tax consequences.
We will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if
either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income, or (b) 50% or more of the value of our assets
(generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive
income, or the “asset test.” Although the law in this regard is unclear, we intend to treat the VIE (including its subsidiaries) as being owned by us for
United States federal income tax purposes because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entities and because we are entitled to
substantially all of their economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate their results of operations in our consolidated financial statements.
Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE (including its subsidiaries) for United States federal income tax purposes, we do not believe we were a
PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023. No assurances can be given with regard to our PFIC status for the current or any future taxable
year because the determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in part, upon the
characterization and composition of our income, assets and liabilities. It is possible that the IRS may challenge our classification of certain items of
income, assets and liabilities, which may result in our company being or becoming a PFIC. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test
may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs, fluctuations in the market price of our ADSs may cause us to be or become a PFIC for
the current or subsequent taxable years. In particular, recent declines in the market price of our ADSs significantly increased our risk of becoming a
PFIC for the current taxable year. The market price of our ADSs may continue to fluctuate considerably and, consequently, we cannot assure you of our
PFIC status for any taxable year. The determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC for any taxable year will also depend, in part, on the
composition of our income and assets, which will be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets. If we determine not to deploy
significant amounts of cash for active purposes or if it were determined that we do not own the stock of the VIE for United States federal income tax
purposes, our risk of being a PFIC may substantially increase.
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If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income
Tax Considerations”) may incur significantly increased United States federal income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the ADSs
or Class A common shares and on the receipt of distributions on the ADSs or Class A common shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as
an “excess distribution” under the United States federal income tax rules, and such U.S. Holder may be subject to burdensome reporting requirements.
Further, if we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or Class A common shares, we will generally continue to be
treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or Class A common shares. For more information see “Item
10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—United States Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”
ITEM 4.
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
A. History and Development of the Company
Our founding team began operating an online insurance business under the “Huize” brand in 2006. Huize Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd., formerly
known as Shenzhen Huize Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd., was established in 2011 in preparation for the launch of our platform. Mr. Cunjun Ma, the
chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer, was our founder.
In 2014, Mr. Cunjun Ma established Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd., or Huiye Tianze, together with Focus Technology Co.,
Ltd. as a holding company in the PRC. Huiye Tianze acquired 100% shares of Huize Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. in 2014. Huiye Tianze subsequently
established or acquired a series of wholly-owned subsidiaries in the PRC, including Huize (Chengdu) Internet Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Huize
Shidai Technology Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Zhixuan Wealth Investment Management Co., Ltd. We have been operating our business primarily through
Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries, including Huize Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd. and Shenzhen Huize Shidai Technology Co., Ltd., since 2014.
Our company, Huize Holding Limited, formerly known as Smart Choice Holding Limited, was established in 2014 by a holding vehicle of
Mr. Cunjun Ma and the offshore investment vehicles of two investors of Huiye Tianze. Huize Holding Limited subsequently established Smart Choice
Ventures Limited in the British Virgin Islands and Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited, or Hong Kong Smart Choice, in Hong Kong. Hong Kong
Smart Choice subsequently established a wholly owned subsidiary in China, Zhixuan International Management Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., or our
WFOE, in 2015.
In June 2019, in preparation of our initial public offering, we undertook a restructuring in order for shareholders of Huiye Tianze, i.e., the VIE, to
own shares of our company, and we obtained control and became the primary beneficiary of Huiye Tianze by entering into a series of contractual
arrangements with it and its shareholders through our WFOE. Due to the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of internet-based businesses and
qualifications requirements on foreign investors in the insurance brokerage business, we rely on these contractual arrangements to conduct a significant
part of our operations in China. As a result of our equity ownership in our WFOE and the contractual arrangements with Huiye Tianze, or the VIE, and
its shareholders, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we treat the VIE and its subsidiaries as a variable interest entity under U.S.
GAAP. We have consolidated the financial results of the VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S.
GAAP. In June 2019, the VIE’s shareholders became shareholders of our company through their respective holding vehicles, and the shareholders’
rights and shareholding structure are substantially identical as the previous ones of the VIE.
On February 11, 2020, our ADSs commenced trading on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “HUIZ.”
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In December 2021, we acquired a 100% equity interest in Shenzhen Detong Insurance Agency Co., Ltd. through a wholly owned subsidiary of the
VIE. Shenzhen Detong Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., which was formerly known as Shanghai Senhao Insurance Agency Co., Ltd., is a nationwide
professional insurance agency company which was founded in 2015 with business networks in 11 provincial areas in China and holds a nationwide
insurance intermediary license issued by Shenzhen branch of the CBIRC.
On December 31, 2021, our board of directors approved the establishment of an Environmental, Social and Governance Committee, aimed at
enhancing our ESG performance and disclosure, and sustainable development. The Environmental, Social and Governance Committee consists of the
Secretary of the Board and senior management members from core operational and administrative departments. Under the supervision of the Board, the
Environmental, Social and Governance Committee is responsible for formulating ESG strategies and goals, identifying and evaluating ESG risks and
impacts, and overseeing the ESG initiatives and practices of our company.
Our board of directors previously authorized share repurchase programs in April 2020, March 2022 and March 2023, each of which authorized us
to repurchase up to a certain amount of our outstanding American depositary shares over a 12-month period. In addition, in August 2021, our board of
directors approved a management share purchase plan, pursuant to which Mr. Cunjun Ma, our chairman of the board of directors and chief executive
officer, and certain other members of our management team intended to allocate their personal funds to purchase up to an aggregate of US$5 million
worth of our ADSs during a six-month period, pursuant and subject to applicable laws and our securities trading policy. Most recently, on March 17,
2024, our board of directors authorized another share repurchase program under which we may repurchase up to US$5 million of our Class A common
shares in the form of American depositary shares over the next 12 months, subject to applicable rules under the Exchange Act and our insider trading
policy. The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in
block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
Our board of directors will review the share repurchase program periodically and may authorize adjustment of its terms and size. We expect to fund
repurchases made under this program from our existing cash balance and cash generated from operations.
Our principal executive offices are located at 49/F, Building T1, Qianhai Financial Centre, Linhai Avenue, Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong
Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86 755 3689 9088. Our registered office in
the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Conyers Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, P.O. 2681, Grand
Cayman KY1-1111, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, located at 850 Library Avenue, Suite
204, Newark, Delaware 19711.
All information we file with the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
B. Business Overview
We are an independent online insurance product and service platform in China. As a licensed insurance intermediary operating online platforms
and providing offline insurance intermediary services, we do not bear underwriting risks. We distribute insurance products on our platform underwritten
by the insurance companies who cooperate with us, who we refer to as our insurer partners, and help them reach a large number of insurance clients. Our
platform offers a digitalized insurance purchase experience and services through various internet channels. We primarily generate revenues from the
insurance brokerage and agency fees paid by our insurer partners.
We have accumulated a large insurance client base. As of December 31, 2023, we had cumulatively served 9.3 million insurance clients. A
substantial portion of our insurance client base are the younger generation, particularly life and health insurance clients. In 2023, the average age of
insurance clients who purchased life and health insurance products through our platform was 34.4.
In order to serve our clients’ protection needs, we offer a wide variety of insurance products with easy-to-understand terms and focusing on
protection. Our products cover two major categories—life and health insurance products, and property & casualty insurance products. In 2023, we
offered 480 life and health insurance products and 308 property & casualty insurance products. Our life and health insurance products contributed to
91.2% of our brokerage income in 2023. Our life and health insurance products primarily consist of annuity and endowment life insurance products and
long-term health insurance products, which contributed to 58.4% and 30.4%, respectively, of our brokerage income in 2023.
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We have established business cooperation with a large group of insurer partners. As of December 31, 2023, we cooperated with 123 insurer
partners, representing a substantial portion of all licensed insurance companies in China. We empower our insurer partners to reach a massive and
fragmented client base quickly, and enhance their insurance sales through our online platform as well as our offline channels. We have also integrated
critical steps in the insurance policy distribution process, such as intelligent underwriting and in-force policy administration, in our system. In addition,
we design and develop tailor-made insurance products together with our insurer partners. In 2023, approximately 52.4% of the GWP facilitated through
our platform was contributed by tailor-made insurance products that we developed together with our insurer partners.
The cumulative number of insurance clients we served increased from approximately 7.5 million as of December 31, 2021 to 8.4 million as of
December 31, 2022, and further to 9.3 million as of December 31, 2023. The GWP we facilitated decreased from RMB5,018.2 million in 2021 to
RMB4,907.9 million as of December 31, 2022, and then increased to RMB5,800.9 million (US$817 million) as of December 31, 2023. We primarily
generate revenues from the commission fees that we charge our insurer partners for facilitating insurance policies and generating premiums for them.
Our total operating revenue decreased from RMB2,245.0 million in 2021 to RMB1,157.9 million in 2022, and then increased to RMB1,195.6 million
(US$168.4 million) in 2023. We had net loss of RMB107.7 million, net loss of RMB33.7 million and net profit of RMB70.6 million (US$9.9 million) in
2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Our Online Platform
We hold nationwide insurance intermediary licenses and operate an independent online insurance product and service platform in China. On our
platform, we provide insurance clients with a one-stop insurance experience. We distribute through our platform various insurance products
underwritten by our insurer partners, some of which are products we designed and developed together with our insurer partners, and we do not assume
underwriting risks ourselves. We offer easy interpretation and presentation of insurance policy terms to help insurance clients make informed decisions
when purchasing insurance products. We provide services to insurance clients at various stages of the insurance transaction and in-force period to
improve client experience and increase client stickiness. On our platform, we connect insurer partners efficiently with a massive base of insurance
clients and enhance their insurance sales.
Access to Our Online Platform for Insurance Clients
Insurance clients can access our online platform on internet, including our websites, our mobile app, our WeChat official account and our WeChat
mini program.
Our Websites
We primarily operate three websites: www.huize.com, www.qixin18.com and www.xiebao18.com. Our main website is www.huize.com, through
which we offer substantially all of our insurance products, manage our insurance clients and insurance policies, and provide client services. Our main
website covers every stage of insurance transactions, including product search, policy interpretation, online live consultation, intelligent underwriting,
product purchase, policy management and claim settlement.
www.qixin18.com is a platform we developed to connect to and cooperate with our user traffic channels, where we provide them with order
placement SaaS system, user account management system, and various mobile-end tools to enhance our user traffic channels’ efficiency in directing
client traffic. www.xiebao18.com primarily focuses on corporate insurance products, travel insurance products and property insurance products.
Mobile Platforms
In response to the prevalence of smartphone usage and smartphone users’ growing preference of acquiring information and conducting
transactions on mobile devices, we have developed our “Huize Insurance” (慧择保险网) mobile app, and have established our official account and mini
program on the WeChat platform.
“Huize Insurance” App
We launched our “Huize Insurance” app in November 2015 and December 2015 compatible to Android and iOS systems, respectively. Our
“Huize Insurance” app offers similar functions and features as our main website catering to app users’ needs. For example, clients can seek advice from
our insurance consultants on various questions such as adequacy of their insurance coverage, terms of specific insurance products, and their eligibility
for specific insurance products.
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WeChat Official Account and Mini-program
We launched our WeChat official account in March 2014. While our WeChat official account also offers insurance transaction service, it mainly
focuses on providing insurance education to potential insurance clients. It provides users with convenient access to our main website and mobile app
download page, and posts various surveys and other education content aimed at enhancing user awareness of insurance needs and deepening user
understanding of insurance products. We publish articles and reports through our WeChat official account regularly. The articles and reports cover a
wide range of insurance-related topics, including, among others, discovery of suitable insurance products for users and their families, comparisons of
insurance products within certain product categories, and recommendations of insurance products offered on our platform.
In addition, we launched a WeChat mini program in February 2017 to better reach and serve users on our WeChat platform. Our WeChat mini
program covers most functions of our mobile app.
Our Insurance Clients
We have a large and growing base of insurance clients. We define our insurance clients as purchasers of the insurance policies we distribute,
including individual clients, who contribute to most of our revenues, and corporate clients. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the cumulative
number of our insurance clients was approximately 7.5 million, 8.4 million and 9.3 million, respectively. As we continue to expand our product
offerings, enhance our brand recognition and reputation, and deepen our cooperation with insurer partners and user traffic channels, we expect our client
base to continue to grow.
We focus on serving the younger generation who are relatively well-educated, tech-savvy, more willing to learn insurance related knowledge, and
tend to enjoy online consumption and investment. In 2023, the average age of those who purchased life and health insurance products through our
platform was 34.4. In addition, we aim at serving lifetime insurance needs of our clients and their families. We believe the diversity of insurance
products on our platform allows us to serve a variety of insurance clients at different stages of their lives.
Our platform provides insurance clients with easy discovery and convenient access to a wide spectrum of insurance products and seamless
transaction process. We provide recommendations of products that we believe are suitable for our potential and existing insurance clients based on the
information they provide and the data that our platform collects and analyzes. We offer insurance clients a secure environment under a trusted brand,
where they can acquire useful insurance knowledge and information on personal and family insurance package planning. The comprehensive suite of
client services we provide make the whole insurance experience simple and smooth. The superior client experience we offer enhances client loyalty and
encourages repeat purchase.
While we primarily serve our insurance clients through our online platform, we also provide insurance services to certain of our insurance clients
offline. We further integrate our online and offline insurance business, empower insurance intermediary practitioners and enhance consumer experience.
We are nurturing offline teams covering 16 provincial areas to provide consumers with various insurance services, connect and visit consumers, and
select insurance products, facilitating the purchase of insurance products.
Services to Insurance Clients
(1) Assistance in Finding the Right Product
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Product information
We provide product information that is reader-friendly and easy to interpret, including illustrative graphics and case studies for each insurance
product offered to facilitate clients’ understanding of policy terms. Moreover, if insurance clients still have questions after reading these materials, they
can seek advice from our insurance consultation team or reach out to our client service representatives.
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•
A broad selection of product offering
We offer various categories of insurance products on our platform. For each insurance product category, we offer a broad selection of insurance
products, giving insurance clients adequate options to choose from. Therefore, we are able to serve insurance clients’ protection needs in different
scenarios and at different life stages. Our broad product offering also allows us to recommend to clients insurance product portfolios, which are typically
more cost-efficient compared with a simple combination of multiple insurance policies.
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Insurance product recommendation
For each client, our platform will generate a set of recommendations based on the client’s profile, information provided by the client and his/her
browsing footprint on our platform, focusing on the client’s personal protection needs. Clients have the flexibility to browse through as many products
as they wish, but with the significant number of insurance products available, our recommendation service plays a critical role in matching clients with
the most suitable insurance products.
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Consulting service
We employ insurance consultants with expertise in insurance industry and substantial experience to facilitate clients to make informed decisions
when selecting insurance products. Each insurance consultant is required to complete mandatory trainings by experienced managers on subjects, such as
insurance products knowledge and communication skills. Our insurance consultants are young professionals who empathically understand and click
with our clients. Before selecting a product, clients can make an appointment for consultation on our platform, and our insurance consultants are
expected to contact them by phone within one business day. Our insurance consultants are capable of not only answering basic questions on insurance
products, but also analyzing clients’ risk profile and insurance needs, providing recommendations with respect to insurance products, and assisting
clients and their families with insurance planning. After conducting a thorough assessment on the risks insurance clients and their families are exposed
to, our insurance consultants recommend insurance products, and in some cases, insurance portfolio that provide comprehensive protection at
competitive price, to insurance clients.
We empower our insurance consultants with the digital tools that we built, mainly including a vertical insurance database and client behavior
tracking system. The database covers comprehensive information of insurance products available on the market, both online and offline. Insurance
consultants can quickly retrieve product information from the database and present to clients comparison among insurance products. Our client behavior
tracking system analyzes the clients’ browsing records and transaction records from various dimensions, and evaluates clients’ insurance needs and
purchase preference. This allows our insurance consultants to predict clients’ concerns and queries before starting consultation sessions with clients,
which substantially improves consulting efficiency. In 2020, we launched the AI Proposal application and a new version of consultant workstation, both
of which are client service tools designed and applied in order to improve our service capabilities and the client experience we provide.
(2) Providing Superior Transaction Experience
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Intelligent underwriting
We have built a proprietary intelligent underwriting system that automates the whole underwriting process with data analytical technology. For
each insurance product, we code the underwriting criteria set by the insurer into our intelligent underwriting system, which allows the system to
automatically evaluate whether a client is eligible for the product and whether the special terms in the insurance policy are triggered based on a series of
set questions. As an insurance intermediary, we do not make underwriting decisions or bear underwriting risks by ourselves. We incur research and
development expenses for the development of our intelligent underwriting system, and selling expenses for the labor costs related to our client service
team.
The intelligent underwriting system greatly optimizes the insurance experience for the insurance clients, as it reduces the amount of paperwork
needed, saves the efforts of talking to a human insurance adviser about the client’s medical history, and offers much faster digitalized policy processing.
In addition, the codified criteria enables the assessment of a wide variety of pre-existing conditions, resulting in more accurate evaluation of a client’s
eligibility and reducing the rate of rejection by insurance companies.
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•
Claim application and settlement service
We act as the insurance clients’ trusted point of contact when risks covered by insurance policies realize. We assist insurance clients in the claim
settlement process, but do not make claim decisions as an insurance intermediary. After receiving a claim settlement application from an insurance
client, we review the materials provided by the client, assist with preparing necessary documents and information required to support the client’s claim,
submit the claim with the insurer on the client’s behalf, and handle all communications with the insurer. We incur research and development expenses
for the development of our claim settlement system, and selling expenses for the labor costs related to our client service team.
Our expertise in the insurance industry equips us with a clear understanding in the claim requirements set by our insurer partners, thus allowing us
to effectively help clients prepare all necessary documents. The long-term cooperative relationships we have established with our insurer partners and
our rich experience in representing clients’ interests allow us to settle claims thoroughly and effectively for as fast as two days. Our insurance clients can
track the claim settlement progress through our online platform.
•
Client service
In addition to the insurance consultants team, we also have a dedicated client service team in charge of addressing basic client queries and
providing all-round client services. Our client service team help insurance clients navigate smoothly through the insurance transaction process, assist in
claim application and settlement, and respond to client complaints to ensure client satisfaction. We choose our client services representatives from
candidates who have good communication skills and high client service ethics, and we provide rigorous training to our new recruits. We conduct
ongoing evaluations of our client service representatives and provide periodic training to develop their skills.
Upon receiving a piece of client complaint, our service representative will extract and go through chat records and transaction records of the
client, reach out to the client by phone, and resolve the issue. As of December 31, 2023, we had not experienced any material client complaints or
claims.
Our Insurer Partners
As of December 31, 2023, we cooperated with 123 insurer partners, including 76 life and health insurance companies, and 47 property & casualty
insurance companies. Some of our insurer partners also cooperate with reinsurance companies to underwrite insurance products offered on our platform.
Our five largest insurer partners in terms of operating revenue contribution aggregately accounted for 78.4%, 56.5% and 57.4% of our total operating
revenue in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
We typically enter into cooperative agreements for an initial term of one to three years with our insurer partners, some of which can be
automatically renewed for certain period of time unless prior notice is provided by either party to terminate the agreement. Pursuant to the terms of such
cooperative agreements, we market and present the insurance products underwritten by our insurer partners through online channels to potential
insurance clients and facilitate the sales of such insurance products. We ensure the smooth operation of our platform. We collect premiums of the
insurance products we facilitate and remit the premiums in full to the insurer partners on a monthly basis according to the cooperative agreements. Our
insurer partners issue policies and provide settlement, and pay us commission fees based on a percentage of the premiums we facilitate. Both parties
should keep all client information and data confidential and conduct their respective business in compliance with applicable laws, regulations and rules.
Most insurer partners demand a threshold for the percentage of clients that renew their insurance policies in the 13th month of the insurance term. If we
do not meet such threshold, the renewal brokerage commission will be adjusted to zero, or the insurer partners have the right to terminate their
authorization for us to sell the insurance products. Generally, in the event either party breaches the terms and provisions under the cooperative
agreements, the non-breaching party is entitled to unilaterally terminate the agreement and receive damages for the loss incurred. We are not
contractually required to provide additional services, such as intelligent underwriting, in-force policy administration and claim settlement services to the
insurance clients we serve. We offer these services in order to enhance clients’ transaction experience that facilitates the maintenance and growth of our
client base, which in turn strengthens our relationships with insurer partners.
We empower our insurer partners to improve their operational efficiency and acquire massive clients online. In addition, we offer superior, cost-
effective client service solutions, enabling insurer partners to receive feedbacks to the insurance products they underwrite and complete digitalized claim
settlement in a timely manner. Leveraging our data capabilities, our client segmentation and selection process helps insurer partners effectively grow
their client base and manage risks.
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We provide a series of services to our insurer partners, including system integration and product design and development services. For each
insurer partner, we offer technology support to adapt their system to our platform to ensure a smooth transaction process. An increasing number of
insurer partners have integrated with our system, making our system more robust. We also proactively collaborate with those insurer partners that we
have established a long and stable relationship with to design and develop insurance products together. For our cooperation in designing and developing
insurance products, we present our product design ideas and pricing range suggestions to them after we have built a model and conducted actuarial,
while the insurer partner files the product with the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission to ensure regulatory compliance before we
launch such product on our platform.
Our Product Offerings
We offer two broad categories of insurance products: life and health insurance products and property & casualty insurance products, both of which
contain products we designed and developed together with insurer partners. The insurance products we offer on our online platform are underwritten by
our insurer partners. Our platform offered approximately 788 insurance products in 2023, including approximately 480 life and health insurance
products, and approximately 308 property & casualty insurance products.
Below table sets forth the categories of insurance products we offered and GWP of each category in 2021, 2022 and 2023:
Type of Insurance Products
Life and Health Insurance Products Life insurance products and annuity insurance products
Sub-Category
Long-term health insurance products
Short-term health insurance products
Property & casualty insurance
products
Life and Health Insurance Products
GWP in 2021 (in
GWP in 2022 (in
RMB million)
2,186.4
2,617.1
38.6
RMB million)
2,131.6
2,440.9
108.9
GWP in 2023 (in
RMB million)
3,441.3
1,914.8
51.9
176.1
226.5
392.9
The life and health insurance products listed on our platform include life insurance products, annuity insurance products, long-term health
insurance products and short-term health insurance products. Our dedicated product design team with strong actuarial background design and develop
tailor-made life and health insurance products to cater to client’s personal protection needs. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we offered approximately 424, 356
and 480 life and health insurance products, respectively. In 2023, the GWP we facilitated from our tailor-made life and health insurance products
accounted for 54.5% of total GWP of our life and health insurance products we facilitated.
(1) Life Insurance Products
We offer term life insurance products, whole life insurance products and annuity insurance products on our platform. The term life insurance
products we offer provide life insurance for the insured for a specified time period or until the attainment of a certain age, in return for the periodic
payment of fixed premiums over a pre-determined period, generally ranging from 5 to 20 years. In 2023, popular term life insurance products on our
platform included Ding Hai Zhu No.3 (定海柱3号), a term life insurance product customized to meet the comprehensive protection needs of the younger
generation.
The whole life insurance products we offer provide life insurance for the insured’s entire life in exchange for the periodic payment of fixed
premiums over a pre-determined period, generally ranging from 5 to 20 years, or until the insured reaches a certain age. The face amount of the policy is
paid upon the death of the insured. In 2023, whole life insurance products offered on our online platform included Jin Man Yi Zu No.3 (金满意足3号), a
customized whole life insurance product, which offers an option of converting the policy between single and joint insurance, providing flexibility to
meet customers’ pension planning needs.
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(2) Annuity Insurance Products
The annuity insurance products we offer pay annuity to the insured according to the time period as specified in the insurance policy and the
amount received during the policy term. In 2023, we partnered with Hongkang Life Insurance Co., Ltd. to launch the “Jin Man Yi Zu No.5” (金满意足5
号), a customized retirement annuity insurance product. This new addition to our “Jin Man Yi Zu” series combines family wealth management with
retirement planning.
(3) Long-term Health Insurance Products
An insurance product with a term that is longer than one year is categorized as a long-term insurance product. The long-term health insurance
products on our platform, primarily consisting of critical illness insurance products, typically offer a lump-sum payment to the insured if the insured is
diagnosed with one of the conditions or a major life-threatening illness as defined in the insurance policy. The amounts of claims for long-term health
insurance products in China are typically specified in the insurance policies, rather than determined based on the actual medical expenses. The long-term
health insurance products typically address insurance clients’ needs for both medical treatment and after-care services.
Taking advantage of our actuarial capabilities and our expertise in long-term health insurance products, we analyze clients’ potential insurance
needs and design tailor-made insurance products accordingly. For a given new product idea, we build a model, conduct actuarial analysis, draw a
preliminary price range, and proactively reach out to our insurer partners to discuss such product. After the cooperating insurer partner determines the
final terms of the product, it files the product with the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and then launch the product on our
platform. The product design and development process typically takes approximately three months. Popular long-term health insurance products we
designed and developed in 2023 included Guardian Critical Care No.6 (守卫者6号), a customized multiple-benefit critical illness insurance product, and
Darwin Critical Care No.8 – Advanced (达尔文8号领航版), the latest customized critical illness insurance product in the “Darwin Critical Care” series,
which provides extensive coverage for 120 critical, 20 moderate and 40 mild illnesses.
(4) Short-term Health Insurance Products
Short-term health insurance products we offer provide illness and disease insurance protections and medical benefits during a period that is
usually shorter than one year from the effective date of the policy. Popular health insurance products on our platform in 2023 included Xiao Yi Xian
No.2 (小医仙2号医疗险), a medical insurance product.
Property & Casualty Insurance Products
The property & casualty insurance products we distribute include travel insurance products, individual casualty insurance products and corporate
liability insurance. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we offered approximately 653, 314 and 308 property & casualty insurance products respectively.
(1) Travel Insurance Products
We aim to offer innovative and simple solutions for travelers covering every aspect of their travel plans. The travel insurance products we offer
cover risks relating to international travel, domestic travel, and outdoor sports.
Most of our travel insurance products are customized scenario-based products. For example, for a tour group with members participating in
various types of risky activities, we design different insurance policies depending on the specific activities each group member participates in. Through
making the risks covered under each insurance policy specific, we make travel insurance products more cost-effective for insurance clients. In addition,
we have the expertise to analyze the risks under each insurance policy, which effectively helps our insurer partners manage claims.
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(2) Individual Casualty Insurance Products
The individual casualty insurance products we offer on our platform generally provide a guaranteed benefit in the event of death or disability of
the insured as a result of an accident during the coverage period, which is typically less than one year. These products typically require only a single
premium payment during the coverage period.
(3) Corporate Insurance Products
In addition to the insurance products for individuals, we also offer commercial property insurance and cargo insurance for corporate insurance
clients. We offer various types of corporate liability insurance, including but not limited to public liability insurance, employer liability insurance, and
product liability insurance. The cargo insurance products we offer on our platform include, among others, logistics liability insurance, international
freight forwarder liability insurance, and international cargo bill of lading liability insurance.
Branding, Marketing and Sales
We have been able to build a large client base through both our direct and indirect branding and marketing initiatives. Our marketing team
primarily work on direct branding and marketing initiatives, while our business development team focus on indirect marketing channels, primarily
working with existing user traffic channels and explore new ones. Our website, www.qixin18.com, also attracts user traffic channels to cooperate with
us, and provide them with technology supports. We co-brand the tailor-made insurance products that we designed and developed together with our
insurer partners. For other insurance products, we are not in charge of their branding.
For direct marketing, in recent years, we have continued to enhance our brand and marketing capabilities in conducting product marketing, user
education and brand advertising. For product marketing, we prepare accurate, refined product presentation, and promote the products through
professional financial media and social media channels as part of our cooperation with our insurer partners. For user education, we publish or provide
educational content, such as popularization of insurance products, basic terms of insurance policies, comparisons of insurance products, analysis of
common diseases, insurance purchase strategies for different groups of people and guide to after-purchase services, through various entries of our
platform. We develop such content in view of the complexity of insurance products, aiming to help clients make purchase decisions. User education
strengthens our brand awareness, builds client trust and enhances conversion of user traffic. For brand advertising, we place advertisements both offline
and online. We analyze the main characteristics of our target client group, based on which we select the locations of offline advertisements. We also
place advertisements on widely used search engines to reach massive viewers. Therefore, we set up voice courses through WeChat community to answer
common questions from potential clients, which allows clients to interact with each other and reinforce the insurance educational contents they acquire.
For direct marketing, we pay fees based on user traffic attracted to our platform.
For indirect marketing, we work with user traffic channels, mainly including social media influencers who are key opinion leaders that are active
on various emerging media channels. The key opinion leaders we work with typically have full time jobs in professional capacities, such as insurance
actuaries, doctors and financial advisors, and have their respective followers on popular social media channels. These user traffic channels have
influences over their followers, users or customers, who can potentially become our insurance clients. We provide our user traffic channels with
informative articles and reports on insurance in general as well as on specific insurance products that they can tailor to better suit the interests and needs
of their followers and users, and then post and share through social media channels. If the followers or users become interested in certain insurance
products after reading such articles or reports, they can get access to our platform through the links included in the articles or reports. In this way, we
raise the insurance awareness of potential insurance clients and attract them to our platform through our user traffic channels. For certain user traffic
channels who have access to high-quality user traffic but lack capabilities of client management and insurance knowledge, we equip them with client
service team and resources to guarantee superior insurance experience for the clients they draw to our platform. We provide these user traffic channels
with insurance related contents for them to post on their platforms. We assign our client service team to help the clients they guide to our platform
complete the insurance transactions and enjoy superior insurance experience. Our cooperation with user traffic channels broadens our reach to potential
insurance clients, and help the user traffic channels monetize their user traffic.
We typically enter into cooperative agreements for an initial term of three years with our user traffic channels, some of which can be renewed for
another year with the consent of both parties. Pursuant to the terms of such cooperative agreements, we integrate our user traffic channels’ platforms
with our online platform to allow users guided from our user traffic channels to purchase insurance policies, make insurance payments and enjoy other
client services we provide on our platform. User traffic channels post insurance related contents that have been approved by us, and promote the
insurance products we offer on our platform in accordance with applicable laws. We pay our user traffic channels service fees, typically as a certain
percentage of the first year premiums of the transactions completed with clients they attract to our platform. Such service fee rate is set case-by-case
based on our negotiation with each user traffic channel, taking into account our relationship with the respective user traffic channel, and its historical and
expected contribution to our insurance sales. As we negotiate with each user traffic channel on a case-by-case basis, we are unable to provide a specific
range for service fee percentages.
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Data and Technology
Technology is the key to our success in improving insurance client experience, enabling active transactions and cooperation and eventually
achieving efficiency for our business. Our proprietary technology platform supports our rapidly growing processing capacity requirements, provides us
with detailed and accurate information collected through our operation, and enables harnessing of insightful data analytics with big data capabilities.
From our client interface to management support systems, our technology platform facilitates smooth execution and seamless data flow.
The seamless collaboration among our technology and operational teams, together with our big data analytics capability, give us a significant edge
in operational efficiency. Our proprietary algorithms are embedded in all critical operational areas, including but not limited to insurance product
recommendation, intelligent underwriting, pricing range suggestion and claim settlement services. Our engineers have thorough understanding of the
computational needs from different business segments, and are therefore capable of providing technological support to address diversified needs in
operating our business.
Data Analytics
Users of our online platform provide us with information when they register on our platform, browse information, place orders for insurance
products and use various services and functions of our platform. Our data storage and distribution system stores and processes a massive amount of
multi-dimensional user data, including two categories of data—risk-based pricing information and client intelligence data. Risk-based pricing
information includes underwriting requirements from insurer partners, rejection data and claim data. Client intelligence data includes client health data,
risk exposure information of individual clients and their families and clients’ product preferences.
Our data platform can extract multi-dimensional features from multi-source data in a highly efficient and secure way to support data mining. Our
data technology supports our analysis of client behavior, personal and family insurance needs, and their feedbacks to the products and services we
provide, which is the basis of our client value exploring initiatives and various client service tools. Based on our analysis, we label complex insurance
policy terms and restrictive factors to establish an insurance product atlas, which helps us efficiently analyze insurance products, improve internal
training and enhance operational efficiency. Meanwhile, the insurance product atlas we establish enhanced our product design and pricing capabilities,
which in turn reinforce our products and services offerings and proper recommendations to clients.
We have accumulated a large amount of data, and established two data pools: client demand data pool and insurance product data pool. Our client
demand data pool helps us understand clients’ protection demand in every step of their life cycles, and our insurance product data pool consisting of
various detailed product features helps us better understand the competitive landscape and business trend of the supply side of China’s online insurance
market. The two data pools have equipped us with significant strength in product design. For example, in 2016, we captured the market needs of
protection for high-risk outdoor activities through analyzing our data pools, and launched a popular high risk outdoor activities accident insurance
product in China. Moreover, we collaborated with outdoor ecosystem participants such as rescue services providers to meet the specific demands of
insurance clients. This product soon proved to be a huge success.
Technology Infrastructure
We have built a reliable and smart infrastructure with sufficient redundant topologies to ensure high availability and a low risk of downtime. We
have also built a scalable cloud infrastructure to minimize cost and sustain performance in periods of high network traffic. We have strategically selected
our data center locations in China.
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Our technology infrastructure provides 24-7 service that supports second-level horizontal expansion and vertical cross-physical scalability, and
holds considerable advantages in compression capacity and traffic distribution solutions. Our technology infrastructure delivers the stability needed to
support the high volume of insurance transactions conducted on our platform and data volume, the scalability to support increased volumes over time
and the flexibility to quickly launch new insurance product. Empowered by our extensive and carefully designed technology infrastructure, we are
capable of serving a growing number of insurance clients efficiently and effectively. We keep updating our technology infrastructure to achieve more
cost-efficiency and higher stabilization.
Our Technology Development Team
Our technology development personnel have extensive experience with leading internet and mobile commerce technology companies, and focus
on the following that support our long-term business growth:
•
•
•
maintaining and strengthening all of our platform and application system;
ensuring our technology system is well established, reviewed, tested and continually strengthened; and
actively participating in the industry seminars and exploring cutting-edge technologies.
Intellectual Property
We regard our trademarks, domain names, copyrights, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our
success, and we rely on a combination of trademark and trade secret law as well as confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements
with our employees and other business partners to protect our proprietary rights.
As of December 31, 2023, we held 11 patents and 24 on-going patent registrations in China. We had registered 615 trademarks with the
Trademark Office of the State Administration for Market Regulation in China, including our company’s Chinese name “Huize (慧择),” 14 trademarks in
Hong Kong and three trademarks in the United States. We had registered 143 computer software copyrights registered with the PRC National Copyright
Administration. We had 58 registered domain names, including our main website. In addition to the foregoing protections, we generally limit access to
and use of our proprietary and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls.
Risk Management and Internal Control
We have adopted various policies and procedures to ensure rigorous risk management and internal control, and we are dedicated to continually
improving these policies and procedures. We have invested significant resources in our technology system and personnel to support risk management
and regulatory compliance, and we have built a robust technology system for the integration with our insurance partners’ systems and the daily
functioning of our internal risk management processes. In addition, we have hired professional personnel for accurate underwriting, especially in
complicated cases where our intelligent underwriting system cannot derive a conclusion. Our risk management and internal control policies and
procedures cover various aspects of our business operations such as fraud prevention, intelligent underwriting, and claim management.
Company-wide Internal Control
Internal Control
We have a dedicated compliance working group consisting of compliance personnel from various business departments. Our legal and compliance
department is responsible for formulating our overall internal control and compliance policies, ensuring their implementation and promoting a corporate
culture of staying compliant with regulatory requirements. The compliance working group works with our legal department in conducting self-
inspection and internal control over various business departments.
In terms of policy development, we have developed and adopted various internal control policies covering almost all aspects of our business,
complaint handling, anti-money laundering, anti-bribery and intellectual property protection. We regularly conduct self-inspection on our business in
response to newly promulgated regulatory requirements, and proactively adjust our business operations as needed. We also actively participate in forums
or other forms of activities organized by regulatory authorities to closely follow regulatory changes.
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Regulatory Compliance
We have designed and adopted strict internal procedures to ensure compliance to our business operations with all applicable laws and regulations
and have established a code of conduct to regulate employees’ behavior and activities. In addition, we continually review the implementation of our
risk-management policies and measures to ensure our policies and implementation are effective and sufficient.
We work closely with the government agencies that have jurisdiction over our business. We maintain frequent communications with government
agencies before implementing new business initiatives or when regulatory uncertainties arise as new laws or regulations are promulgated. We actively
provide our inputs on proposed regulations that are subject to public comments. We are often invited to comment on proposed regulations by
government authorities during the comment solicitation process.
Data Privacy and Safety
We have implemented procedures and guidelines to regulate us and our employees’ actions in relation to user data in order to protect user privacy
and data security. We also have adopted an access control mechanism to ensure implementation of least privilege and need-to-know principles and to
protect user privacy while meeting business requirements. The client information we provide to our insurer partners are on a need-to-know basis, and are
redacted and encrypted. In addition, we employ technical solutions to prevent and detect risks and vulnerabilities in user privacy and data security, such
as encryption, firewall, vulnerability scanning and log audit. We store and transmit user data in encrypted format on separate servers. We do not share
any input data from our users or any user insight data with third parties or allow third parties to access user data stored on our servers without proper
authorization from users, and we also utilize firewalls to protect against potential cyber-attacks or unauthorized access. We periodically audit our
systems and procedures to detect information security risks and privacy risks.
Insurance Product-oriented Risk Management
Fraud Prevention
Our fraud prevention system uses a multi-faceted detection process to identify both individual and collusive frauds. We use our existing fraud
databases, including credit blacklists we maintain, as well as continually update our fraud database with new information from similar insurance clients
to improve the effectiveness of our fraud detection.
We have established an internal risk alert system and constantly monitor the insurance status of our insurance clients, including their transaction
frequency and distribution, insurance amount and premium. The various dimension real-time monitoring ensures that we can take appropriate and timely
steps when risks arise. Our client database is updated from time to time based on our continuing evaluation.
Through analyzing clients’ behavioral data and transaction data, we developed our anti-fraud blacklist database to enhance our risk management
capabilities. We also work with third-party data providers to identify high-risk users during the client consultation phase and conduct pre-transaction
interception. We believe our robust fraud prevention system gives us an edge over our competitors, which encourages our insurer partners to maintain
their long-term cooperative relationship with us and offer insurance products on our platform at competitive prices.
Intelligent Underwriting
We continually improve the algorithm we use for our intelligent underwriting system, and provide regular training to our client service
representatives who are in charge of answering underwriting related queries from our insurance clients to ensure that our intelligent underwriting
system, while saving the time and trouble of human underwriting, effectively screens eligibility of insurance clients for each insurance product. Our
intelligent underwriting system improves efficiency and offers rigorous risk management to our insurer partners. Our system coded the underwriting
criteria set by each insurer partners we cooperate with, which makes it comprehensive in making assessment. It is reinforced by cumulative underwriting
and claim data and could also be customized for newly designed insurance products.
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Claim Management
Through providing services to facilitate claim settlement for our insurance clients, we have collected a large volume of data. By utilizing this data,
we continually optimize our risk management models and further enhance our claim management capabilities.
Competition
The online insurance product and service industry in China is intensely competitive. Our current or potential competitors include (i) other online
independent insurance product and service platforms, (ii) traditional insurance intermediaries, (iii) online direct sales channels of large insurance
companies, (iv) major internet companies that have commenced insurance distribution businesses, and (v) other online insurance technology players. We
compete primarily on the basis of:
our unparalleled operating history and large insurance client base;
our expertise in understanding young generation’s demand for long-term life and health insurance products and our capability of selecting
and mobilizing suitable products to meet their fast-changing demands;
our capability of designing and developing tailor-made insurance products;
our robust client acquisition channels and efficient client conversion capabilities;
our ability to provide best-in-class insurance client service and experience online; and
our well-established business relationship with insurer partners continually reinforced by our exceptional risk management capabilities.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Insurance
We maintain certain insurance policies to safeguard us against risks and unexpected events, including insurance broker/agent practice liability
insurance. We provide social security insurance including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance, maternity
insurance and medical insurance for our employees in compliance with applicable PRC laws.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not involved in any material legal or administrative proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to various legal or
administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such legal or administrative claims and proceedings, even if without
merit, could result in the expenditure of financial and management resources and potentially result in civil liability for damages.
Regulations
The Company Law of the PRC
On December 29, 1993, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Company Law of the PRC, which came into
effect on July 1, 1994 and was subsequently amended on December 25, 1999, August 28, 2004, October 27, 2005, December 28, 2013, October 26,
2018 and December 29, 2023. The latest amendments will become effective on July 1, 2024. The Company Law of the PRC provides that companies
established in China may take the form of limited liability company or a company limited by shares. Each company has the status of a legal person and
owns its assets in its own name. The Company Law applies to foreign-invested companies unless relevant laws provide otherwise.
Regulations on Foreign Investment
The Foreign Investment Law of the PRC was formally adopted by the 2nd session of the thirteenth National People’s Congress on March 15, 2019
and became effective on January 1, 2020. The Foreign Investment Law was formulated to further expand opening-up, vigorously promote foreign
investment and protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign investors. According to the Foreign Investment Law, foreign investments are entitled
to pre-entry national treatment and are subject to negative list management system. The pre-entry national treatment means that the treatment given to
foreign investors and their investments at the stage of investment access is not lower than that of domestic investors and their investments. The negative
list management system means that the state implements special administrative procedures for access of foreign investment in specific fields. Foreign
investors shall not invest in any forbidden fields stipulated in the negative list and shall meet the conditions stipulated in the negative list before
investing in any restricted fields. Foreign investors’ investment, earnings and other legitimate rights and interests within the territory of China shall be
protected in accordance with the law, and all national policies on supporting the development of enterprises shall equally apply to foreign-invested
enterprises. In carrying out business activities, foreign-invested enterprises shall comply with applicable provisions on labor protection, social insurance,
tax, accounting, foreign exchange and other matters stipulated in laws and regulations.
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On December 26, 2019, the State Council promulgated the Implementation Regulations on the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on
January 1, 2020, and it further requires that foreign-invested enterprises and domestic enterprises shall be treated equally with respect to policy making
and implementation. Pursuant to the Implementation Regulations on the Foreign Investment Law, if the existing foreign-invested enterprises fail to
change their original forms as of January 1, 2025, the market regulation departments will not process other registration matters for the enterprises, and
may disclose their information to the public.
On December 30, 2019, the Ministry of Commerce and the State Administration for Market Regulation jointly issued the Measures for Reporting
of Foreign Investment Information, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the Interim Administrative Measures for the Record-filing
of the Establishment and Modification of Foreign-invested Enterprises. Since January 1, 2020, for foreign investors carrying out investment activities
directly or indirectly in the PRC, foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall submit investment information through the Enterprise
Registration System and the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System operated by the State Administration for Market Regulation.
Foreign investors or foreign-invested enterprises shall disclose their investment information by submitting reports for their establishments, modifications
and cancellations and their annual reports in accordance with these measures. If a foreign-invested enterprise investing in the PRC has finished
submitting its reports for its establishment, modifications and cancellation and its annual reports, the information will be shared by the competent market
regulation department to the competent commercial department, and does not require such foreign-invested enterprise to submit the reports separately.
On December 19, 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce promulgated the Measures for
Security Review of Foreign Investment, which came into effect on January 18, 2021. The Foreign Investment Security Review Mechanism in charge of
organization, coordination and guidance of foreign investment security review is thereunder established. A working mechanism office shall be
established under the National Development and Reform Commission, and be jointly led by the National Development and Reform Commission and the
Ministry of Commerce to undertake routine work on the security review of foreign investment. According to the Foreign Investment Security Review
Mechanism, foreign investment activities that fall within the ambit of the new measures or obtain actual control over the target enterprises covered by
the new measures shall take the initiative to make a declaration to the working mechanism office prior to making any investments. Such activities
include important cultural products and services, important information technologies and internet products and services, important financial services,
key technologies and other important fields that concern national security.
Foreign Investment Industrial Policy
Investments in the PRC by foreign investors are regulated by the Catalog for the Guidance of Foreign Investment Industries. On February 11,
2002, the State Council promulgated the Provisions for Guiding the Foreign Investments Direction. Pursuant to the Provisions for Guiding the Foreign
Investments Direction, foreign investment projects are categorized as encouraged, permitted, restricted and prohibited. Foreign investment projects that
are categorized as encouraged, restricted and prohibited are listed under the catalogue, and the foreign investment projects that are not categorized as
encouraged, restricted, or prohibited are permitted foreign investment projects. Permitted foreign investment projects are not listed under the Industry
Catalog for Guiding Foreign Investment.
On December 27, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly promulgated the Special
Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), which took effect on January 1, 2022. According to the
negative list, internet information services fall within the scope of value-added telecommunications services (except for e-commerce, domestic multi-
party communication, storage and forwarding classes and call centers), which are under the “restricted” category.
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According to the Announcement of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on Permitting the Establishment of Wholly Foreign-invested
Insurance Brokerage Companies by Foreign Insurance Brokerage Companies, which was promulgated by China Insurance Regulatory Commission
(currently known as the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) on December 11, 2006 and became effective on the same day, in five
years following China’s the accession into the WTO, the establishment of WFOE to engage in insurance brokerage services shall be permitted. There
shall be no other restrictions except those on the establishment conditions and business scopes. In addition, Circular of the China Banking and Insurance
Regulatory Commission on Lifting Limits on the Business Scope of Foreign-invested Insurance Brokerage Companies, which was promulgated by the
CBIRC on April 27, 2018 and became effective on the same day, stipulates that foreign-invested insurance brokerage companies that have obtained a
license for operating insurance brokerage services upon approval by the insurance regulatory authority may conduct the following insurance brokerage
business within the territory of the PRC: (i) design insurance policy plans, select insurers and handle insurance formalities for policy holders; (ii) assist
the insured or beneficiaries with insurance claims; (iii) reinsurance brokerage business; (iv) provide principals with services on disaster prevention, loss
prevention, risk assessment and risk management consulting; and (v) other business approved by the CBIRC.
In addition, on December 3, 2021, the CBIRC promulgated the Notice of the Relevant Measures for Clarifying the Opening up of the Insurance
Intermediary Market for the purposes of opening up the insurance industry and promoting a sound and orderly development of the insurance industry.
The notice provides that (i) foreign insurance brokerage companies with solid business operations overseas, if complying with the regulations of the
CBIRC, are allowed to establish insurance brokerage companies in China to engage in insurance brokerage business; (ii) specialized insurance
intermediaries, including insurance agencies, insurance brokerage companies, and insurance adjustment assessment institutions established in China by
foreign insurance corporate groups and foreign-funded insurance corporate groups, are allowed to engage in the insurance intermediary business; and
(iii) before engaging in the insurance intermediary business, foreign-invested specialized insurance intermediaries shall, as applicable, fulfill their
obligations to file with or obtain approvals, licenses or permits from the authorities, and the provisions of CBIRC on specialized insurance
intermediaries shall apply to the business scope and market access standards.
Regulations on Insurance Intermediary Business
Regulatory Authority
In line with the reform program of the State Council released by the National People’s Congress in March 2023, the National Administration of
Financial Regulation shall be responsible for regulating the financial industry, excluding the securities industry. The National Administration of
Financial Regulation is committed to strengthening institutional regulation, behavioral regulation, functional regulation, penetrative regulation and
continual regulation, and is responsible for coordinating the protection of financial consumer rights. It aims to enhance risk management and prevention
and disposal, investigates and punishes illegal and irregular behavior in accordance with the law, and serves as a directly affiliated agency of the State
Council. On May 18, 2023, the National Administration of Financial Regulation was officially established and has replaced the CBIRC to become the
new insurance regulatory body in China.
Regulatory and Legal Framework
The legal framework for monitoring and administering insuring activities within the territory of the PRC is underpinned by laws and regulations
including the Insurance Law of the PRC, administrative regulations, departmental provisions and other regulatory documents stipulated in accordance
with the Insurance Law.
The Insurance Law of the PRC, effective in 1995 and last amended in 2015, is the most important law in the regulatory and legal framework for
the PRC insurance industry. The Insurance Law provides that an insurance broker is an entity that, in the interest of the applicant, provides intermediary
services between the applicant and the insurer for the conclusion of an insurance contract and receives a commission in accordance with the laws. An
insurance agent shall be an institution or an individual which charge commissions from insurers and operate insurance business on behalf of insurers to
the extent authorized by insurers. Insurance agencies include specialized insurance agencies which only operate the insurance agency business and
concurrent-business insurance agency insurance agencies which concurrently operate the insurance agency business and other businesses. An insurance
broker or insurance agency shall obtain a license for operating insurance brokerage services and a license for operating insurance agent services before it
engages in insurance brokerage business or insurance agency business, respectively.
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Since the promulgation and implementation of the Insurance Law of the PRC in 1995, the insurance supervision and regulatory authority has
promulgated a series of departmental rules and regulations and other regulatory documents pursuant to the Insurance Law, covering almost all aspects of
insurance operations. Regarding the establishment of insurance brokers, there are other important laws and regulations besides the Insurance Law,
including the Regulatory Provisions on Insurance Brokerages, or the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, which became effective on May 1, 2018.
Insurance Brokerages Provisions specify provisions regarding market access, operation rules, exit from market, industry self-discipline, monitoring and
inspection and legal obligations for insurance brokers. Regarding the insurance agency business, besides the Insurance Law, insurance agents shall
comply with the Regulatory Provisions on Insurance Agents, or the Insurance Agents Provisions, promulgated on November 12, 2020 and became
effective on January 1, 2021, which specify provisions regarding market access, office qualifications, practitioners, operation rules, exit from market,
market exit, and legal liabilities for insurance agents. Regarding the insurance adjustment assessment business, the Regulatory Provisions on Insurance
Adjusters, or the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, which were promulgated on February 1, 2018 and became effective on May 1, 2018, provide
provisions on operating conditions, operation rules, market exit, industrial self-regulation and legal liabilities for insurance adjusters.
The Administrative Measures for the Licenses of Banking and Insurance Institutions, which were issued by the CBIRC on April 28, 2021 and took
effect from July 1, 2021, stipulate that banking and insurance institutions, including insurance brokerage companies, concurrent-business insurance
agencies and other insurance intermediaries, shall, when conducting financial business, legally obtain a business license issued by the administration for
market regulation.
On October 28, 2021, the CBIRC promulgated the Measures for the Implementation of Administrative License and Recordation for Insurance
Intermediaries, which became effective on February 1, 2022. The CBIRC and its local offices shall, in accordance with the provisions of these measures,
implement administrative license and recordation of insurance intermediary business and senior executives.
Establishment and Revocation
(a) Establishment of Insurance Brokers and Acquisition of Qualification for Operating Insurance Brokerage Business
Pursuant to the Insurance Law of the PRC and the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, to operate insurance brokerage business within the territory of
the PRC, an insurance brokerage company shall satisfy the requirements stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council, and
obtain a license to operate insurance brokerage business.
An insurance broker applying for operating insurance brokerage business shall, after obtaining the business license, submit without delay the
application materials as required by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and disclose the relevant information. An applicant may
not carry out the insurance brokerage business until it obtains the license, and it shall register the required information in a regulatory information
system as prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council in time. In addition, an insurance broker shall have its own business
premise and set up a designated account book to record the income and expenditure of the insurance brokerage business. An insurance broker shall open
an independent designated account for client funds. The following funds shall only be deposited in the designated account for client funds: (i) insurance
premiums paid by policyholders to an insurance company; and (ii) surrender value and pay-outs collected on behalf of policyholders, insured parties and
beneficiaries. An insurance broker shall open an independent account for commissions it collects.
To operate insurance brokerage business, an insurance brokerage company shall satisfy the following conditions: (i) its shareholders meet the
requirements stipulated in the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, and make capital contribution with true and lawful funds that are owned by them instead
of bank loans or funds that are not owned by them in various forms; (ii) its registered capital meets the requirements of Article 10 of the Insurance
Brokerages Provisions and the registered capital shall be entrusted in accordance with the applicable provisions of the insurance regulatory authority
under the State Council; (iii) its business scope recorded in the business license is in compliance with the applicable provisions of the insurance
regulatory authority under the State Council; (iv) its articles of association are in conformity with the applicable provisions; (v) its company name is in
conformity with the Insurance Brokerages Provisions; (vi) its senior managers meet the qualification requirements stipulated in the Insurance
Brokerages Provisions; (vii) it has established a governance structure and internal control system as stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority
under the State Council, and a scientifically and reasonably feasible business mode; (viii) it has a fixed premise in line with its business scale; (ix) it has
a business and financial information management system as stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council; and (x) other
conditions specified by laws and administrative regulations or prescribed the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
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According to Measures for the Implementation of Administrative License and Recordation for Insurance Intermediaries, the CBIRC or its local
office shall issue a license to an applicant if the CBIRC or its local office makes a decision to grant approval. A company that survives shall modify its
registration of the name, business scope, bylaws and other items according to the law, to ensure that there is no “insurance brokerage” in its name.
(b) Establishment of Insurance Agents and Acquisition of Qualification for Operating Insurance Agency Business
Pursuant to the Insurance Law of the PRC and the Insurance Agents Provisions, to operate insurance agency business within the territory of the
PRC, a specialized insurance agency company shall satisfy the requirements stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and
obtain a license for operating insurance agent services.
A specialized insurance agency company applying for operating insurance agency business shall, after obtaining the business license, submit
without delay the application materials as required by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and disclose the relevant information.
An applicant may not carry out the insurance agency business until it obtains the license for operating insurance agent services, and it shall register the
required information in a regulatory information system as prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council in time. In addition,
an insurance agency company shall have its own business premise and set up a designated account book to record the income and expenditure of the
insurance agency business. An insurance agency company shall open an independent designated account for client funds.
To operate insurance full-time agency business, a specialized insurance agency company shall satisfy the following conditions: (i) its shareholders
meet the requirements stipulated in the Insurance Agents Provisions, and make capital contribution with true and lawful funds that are owned by them
instead of bank loans or funds that are not owned by them in various forms; (ii) its registered capital meets the requirements of Article 10 of the
Insurance Agents Provisions and the registered capital shall be entrusted in accordance with the applicable provisions of the insurance regulatory
authority under the State Council; (iii) its business scope recorded in the business license is in compliance with the applicable provisions of the
insurance regulatory authority under the State Council; (iv) its articles of association are in conformity with the applicable provisions; (v) its company
name is in conformity with the Insurance Agents Provisions; (vi) its senior managers meet the qualification requirements stipulated in the Insurance
Agents Provisions; (vii) it has established a governance structure and internal control system as stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under
the State Council, and a scientifically and reasonably feasible business mode; (viii) it has a fixed premise in line with its business scale; (ix) it has a
business and financial information management system as stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council; and (x) other
conditions specified by laws and administrative regulations or prescribed the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
According to Measures for the Implementation of Administrative License and Recordation for Insurance Intermediaries, the CBIRC or its local
office shall issue a license to an applicant if the CBIRC or its local office makes a decision to grant approval. A company that survives shall modify its
registration of the name, business scope, bylaws and other items according to the law, to ensure that there is no “insurance agency” in its name.
(c) Establishment of Insurance Adjusters and Acquisition of Qualification for Operating Insurance Adjustment Assessment Business
Pursuant to the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, to operate insurance adjustment assessment business within the territory of the PRC, insurance
adjusters shall satisfy the requirements as prescribed in the Asset Appraisal Law, meet the conditions as prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority
under the State Council, and undergo the business recordation formalities with the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and its local
offices.
An insurance adjustment assessment institution to engage in insurance adjustment assessment business, shall, within 30 days from the date of
obtaining the business license, undergo the recordation formalities with the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and its local office
through the regulatory information system prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and concurrently submit paper
materials as required. To operate insurance adjustment assessment business, an insurance adjustment assessment company shall satisfy the following
conditions: (i) its shareholders meet the requirements stipulated in the Insurance Adjusters Provisions and make capital contribution with true and lawful
funds that are owned by them instead of bank loans or funds that are not owned by them in various forms; (ii) according to the business development
plan, it has the working capital required for routine business operation and assumption of risks. A national institution shall have working capital of
RMB2 million and a regional institution shall have working capital of RMB1 million; (iii) the custody of its working capital complies with the
applicable provisions issued by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council; (iv) the business scope recorded in the business license does
not exceed the scope as prescribed in Article 43 of the Insurance Adjusters Provisions; (v) its articles of association or partnership agreements comply
with the applicable provisions; (vi) its company name is in conformity with the Insurance Adjusters Provisions; (vii) its board chairman, executive
director and senior managers meet the qualification requirements stipulated in the Insurance Adjusters Provisions; (viii) it has established a governance
structure and internal control system as stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council, and a scientifically and reasonably
feasible business mode; (ix) it has a fixed premise in line with its business scale; (x) it has a business and financial information management system as
stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council; and (xi) other conditions specified by laws and administrative regulations or
prescribed the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
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(d) Revocation of Insurance Brokerage Companies
Pursuant to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, an insurance brokerage company shall exit the insurance brokerage market according to the
laws, administrative regulations and other applicable provisions. Where any insurance brokerage company falls under any of the following
circumstances, the local branches of the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council shall cancel its license according to the law and
announce the cancellation: (i) its license fails to be extended upon expiration; (ii) its license is annulled, revoked or canceled in accordance with the law;
(iii) it is terminated in accordance with the law due to dissolution, declaration of bankruptcy or other reasons; or (iv) other circumstances stipulated by
laws and administrative regulations. An insurance brokerage company, the license of which has been canceled, shall return the original license in time; if
the license cannot be returned, the local branches of the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council shall state as such in the announcement.
An insurance brokerage company, the license of which has been canceled, shall terminate its insurance brokerage business, and, within fifteen days from
the date of license cancellation, make a written report to the industrial and commercial administrative department where its industrial and commercial
registration was made. Where the company continues to exist, it shall not engage in insurance brokerage business and shall go through the formalities of
business registration for changes in matters such as name, business scope and articles of association in accordance with the law, and ensure that its name
does not include the term “insurance brokerage.”
If any branch of an insurance brokerage company is in a disorderly operation and management and is engaged in major unlawful or illegal
activities, the insurance brokerage company shall, in accordance with the regulatory requirements of the insurance regulatory authority under the State
Council and its local branches, take such measures against the branch as rectification within a specified period, business suspension and cancellation.
Where a licensee obtains a license for operating insurance brokerage services or other administrative licenses through improper means such as
deception or bribery, such license shall be revoked by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and its local branches, and the licensee
shall be given administrative punishments according to the law; the applicant may not apply for the administrative license again within three years.
(e) Revocation of Insurance Agency Companies
Pursuant to the Insurance Agents Provisions, an insurance agency company shall exit the insurance agency market according to the laws,
administrative regulations and other applicable regulatory rules. Where an insurance agency company falls under any of the following circumstances,
the local branches of the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council shall revoke its license according to the law and announce such decision:
(i) its license is annulled, revoked or canceled in accordance with the law; (ii) it is terminated in accordance with the law due to dissolution, declaration
of bankruptcy or other reasons; or (iii) other circumstances stipulated by laws and administrative regulations. An insurance agency company, the license
of which has been canceled, shall return the original license in time; if the license cannot be returned, the local branches of the insurance regulatory
authority under the State Council shall state as such in the announcement. An insurance agency company, the license of which has been canceled, shall
terminate its insurance agency business. Where the specialized insurance agency company continues to exist, it shall not engage in insurance agency
business and shall go through the formalities of business registration for changes in matters such as name, business scope and articles of association in
accordance with the law, and ensure that its name does not include the term “insurance agency.” Where the permit of a concurrent-business insurance
agency is revoked by the insurance regulatory authorities pursuant to the law, it shall not reapply for permit within three years; where the permit is
canceled pursuant to the law due to any other reason, it shall not reapply for permit within one year. Where a licensee obtains a license for operating
insurance agent services or other administrative licenses through improper means such as deception or bribery, such license shall be revoked by the
insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and its local branches, and the licensee shall be given administrative punishments according to
the law; the applicant may not apply for the administrative license again within three years.
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(f) Revocation of Insurance Adjustment Assessment Companies
Pursuant to the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, under any of the following circumstances, an insurance adjuster shall, within five days, cancel the
practicing registration of an insurance adjuster: (i) an insurance adjuster is subject to administrative punishment of suspension of practice; (ii) an
insurance adjuster terminates practice for other reasons; (iii) an insurance adjuster stops engaging in the insurance adjustment assessment business for
close-down, dissolution or other reasons; or (iv) other circumstances as prescribed by laws, administrative regulations, and the provisions issued by the
insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
Where a branch of an insurance adjustment assessment institution has chaos in business operation and management and has any major violation of
laws and regulations, the insurance adjuster shall, in accordance with the regulatory requirements of the insurance regulatory authority under the State
Council and its local office, take measures such as making rectification within a prescribed time limit, suspending business and cancellation against the
branch.
Internal Governance
(a) Corporate Governance in Insurance Intermediary Companies
Pursuant to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, the Insurance Agents Provisions and the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, an insurance broker
shall, an insurance agency or an insurance adjuster, in accordance with the laws, administrative regulations and the CBIRC provisions, establish sound
corporate governance structure and systems under the principles of clear responsibilities, strengthened checks and balances and risk management.
Moreover, it shall make clear the management and control responsibilities, build a compliance system, focus on self-discipline and strengthen internal
accountability to ensure sound operation.
(b) Informatization
The CBIRC released the Measures for the Regulation of Informatization of Insurance Intermediaries on January 5, 2021, which came into effect
on February 1, 2021, to regulate informatization work by strengthening the regulation of insurance intermediaries, improving operating and management
level of insurance intermediaries, and promoting the high-quality development of the insurance intermediary industry.
Insurance intermediary institutions shall, in accordance with regulatory requirements, report regulatory matters and submit regulatory data to the
insurance regulatory authority under the State Council and its local counterparts in a timely manner through the information system of insurance
intermediary supervision. In addition, Insurance intermediaries shall, including without limitation (i) reasonably determine the security level of
information systems in accordance with the national cyber security level protection regulations, perform protections in accordance with the national
cyber security level protection related standards, and obtain the corresponding national cyber security level protection certification; (ii) take protective
measures for important data to ensure the safety of data in the process of collection, storage, transmission, use, provision, backup, restoration, and
destruction, use data legally while strictly preventing data leakage, tampering and damage, and ensure data integrity, confidentiality and availability;
(iii) follow the principles of lawfulness, fairness and necessity, comply with applicable national laws and administrative regulations, and comply with
national standards related to personal information security when collecting, processing and applying data containing personal information; and (iv) carry
out informatization training, information security training and confidentiality education regularly, sign information security and confidentiality
agreements with employees, and urge employees to perform information security and confidentiality duties corresponding to their jobs.
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(c) Deposit and Professional Liability Insurance
Pursuant to the provisions of the Insurance Law of the PRC, an insurance broker and an insurance agency shall, in accordance with the provisions
stipulated by the insurance supervision and control authority under the State Council, make contributions to security deposit or apply for professional
liability insurance.
Once the professional liability insurance is procured, an insurance broker and a specialized insurance agency shall ensure that the insurance
remains valid. The maximum compensation for each accident under the professional liability insurance procured by an insurance broker or a specialized
insurance agency shall be no less than RMB1 million. One-year accumulated maximum compensation shall be no less than RMB10 million and no less
than the insurance broker’s or the specialized insurance agency’s income from primary business in the previous year. A concurrent-business insurance
agency shall purchase professional liability insurance or make contributions to security deposit in accordance with the rules of the insurance regulatory
authority under the State Council.
If an insurance brokerage company and a specialized insurance agency company intends to pay deposit, the deposit shall be paid at 5% of its
registered capital; if the insurance brokerage company and the specialized insurance agency company increase the registered capital, the amount of the
deposit shall be increased proportionately. An insurance brokerage company and a specialized insurance agency company shall pay the deposit in full.
The deposit shall be stored in a designated account in the form of bank deposit to a commercial bank or in any other form approved by the insurance
regulatory authority under the State Council.
Under any of the following circumstances, an insurance brokerage company and a specialized insurance agency company may use the deposit:
(i) decrease of the registered capital; (ii) cancellation of the license; (iii) taking out of professional liability insurance in conformity with the conditions;
or (iv) other circumstances provided for by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
According to the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, an insurance adjuster shall, within twenty days from the date when the recordation is announced
and based on business needs, establish an occupational risk fund, or purchase the professional liability insurance, and improve the risk prevention
procedures.
An insurance adjuster that establishes an occupational risk fund shall pay 5% of its main business income in the last year into the fund, and
accordingly increase the amount of the occupational risk fund, if the annual main business income is increased; and it is not required to increase the
occupational risk fund, if the deposit amount of the occupational risk fund reaches RMB1 million. An insurance adjuster that purchases professional
liability insurance shall ensure the continuous validity of the insurance. The limit of liability for each accident under the professional liability insurance
purchased by an insurance adjuster shall not be less than RMB1 million, and the cumulative one-year limit of liability shall not be less than
RMB10 million and not be less than main business income of the insurance adjuster in the last year.
(d) Anti-money Laundering
According to the provisions of the Administrative Measures for Anti-money Laundering Agenda in Insurance Industry promulgated by the China
Insurance Regulatory Commission on September 13, 2011 and effective on October 1, 2011, insurance brokerage companies and specialized insurance
agency company shall, in the light of the real-name system for policies and according to the work principles that client materials are complete,
transaction records are available for inspection and circulation of funds is regulated, effectively enhance the internal control level of anti-money
laundering. Insurance brokerage companies and specialized insurance agency company shall establish an internal control system for anti-money
laundering and prohibit funds which have an illegal source from investing into their equity. The senior management officers of insurance brokerage
companies and specialized insurance agency company shall understand laws and regulations on anti-money laundering.
Pursuant to the Notice of Strengthening Anti-money Laundering in Insurance Industry promulgated by the China Insurance Regulatory
Commission on August 10, 2010, equity investments in insurance intermediaries and equity structure changes therein should be in line with the
requirements on fund sources in anti-money laundering laws and regulations of the PRC.
Newly established insurance intermediaries and branch institutions and those restructured or reformed should meet anti-money laundering criteria
specified by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, including (i) establishment of system for client identity recognition, client identity and
transaction record keeping, training and education, auditing, confidentiality, internal control system and operation protocols including those facilitating
monitoring and inspection and administrative investigation; (ii) dedicated anti-money laundering posts and job descriptions, manning and training for
such posts; and (iii) other requirements according to regulatory provisions.
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Business Scope of Insurance Intermediaries
According to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, an insurance broker when engaging in insurance brokerage business, may not exceed the
business scope and business area of the underwriter. An insurance broker may operate all or part of the following businesses: (i) draft insurance plans for
policyholders, select insurance companies and process insurance application formalities; (ii) assist insured parties or beneficiaries in making claims;
(iii) carry out reinsurance brokerage businesses; (iv) provide disaster prevention or loss prevention or risk evaluation and risk management advisory
services to entrusting parties; and/or (v) any other insurance brokerage-related businesses stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State
Council. Where the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council otherwise provides for any insurance brokerage business involving
coinsurance or underwriting insurance at another locality and master policy, such provisions shall prevail.
An insurance broker and its practitioners may not sell non-insurance financial products, except for non-insurance financial products approved by
the financial regulatory authorities. Before selling non-insurance financial products, an insurance broker and its practitioners shall have the necessary
qualifications.
According to the Insurance Agents Provisions, a specialized insurance agency when engaging in insurance agency business, may not exceed the
business scope and business area of the underwriter. A specialized insurance agency may operate all or part of the following businesses: (i) sell
insurance products as an agent; (ii) collect insurance fees as an agent; (iii) conduct loss investigation and claims settlement concerning insurance
business; and (iv) any other insurance agency-related businesses stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council. An insurance
agency shall not engage in insurance agency business beyond the business scope and operating regions of the insurance company on behalf of which it
provides agency services, except insurance agency business involving co-insurance outside its business territory, insurance underwritten outside its
business territory, or master policies as otherwise prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
According to the Insurance Adjusters Provision, an insurance adjuster when engaging in insurance adjustment assessment business, may not
exceed the business scope and business area of the underwriter. An insurance adjuster may operate all or part of the following businesses: (i) the
pre-underwriting and post-underwriting inspection, valuation, and risk assessment of the subject matters of insurance; (ii) the post-claim survey,
inspection, loss assessment, and claim settlement in respect of the subject matters of insurance as well as the disposition of their residual value; (iii) risk
management consulting; and (iv) other business as prescribed by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council
Services and Products Provided by Insurance Intermediaries and Their Practitioners
Pursuant to the Basic Service Standards for Insurance Brokers promulgated by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on January 16, 2013,
the service steps and content of insurance brokers for insurance clients (consumers) include but not limited to the establishment of insurance brokerage
relationship, risk assessment, preparation of insurance purchase plan, selection of insurance companies for the clients, procedures for taking out
insurance policies, services during the insurance period, assistance in claims and complaint settlement.
Pursuant to the Basic Service Standards for Insurance Agencies promulgated by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on January 16,
2013, the service steps and content of insurance agencies for insurance clients (consumers) include but not limited to sufficient communications with
customers to understand their insurance needs, recommendation of insurance products, assistance to customers in their handling of insurance application
formalities, offering of preservation service, assistance to customers in their claims, handling of complaints and so forth. An insurance agency shall:
(i) make full notification and disclosure when contacting a customer for the first time; provide pre-sale service in a thoughtful and responsible manner;
(ii) provide in-sale service in a comprehensive and meticulous manner; (iii) provide after-sale service in a diligent and efficient manner; (iv) assist a
customer in claiming for indemnity in an appropriate and timely manner; and (v) handle complaints in a timely and effective manner.
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According to the Basic Service Standards for Insurance Assessment Agencies promulgated by the China Insurance Regulatory Commission on
January 16, 2013, the steps and contents of insurance assessment services offered by insurance assessment agencies to customers shall include, but not
limited to, acceptance of entrustment to establish insurance assessment service relationship, risk assessment for the entrusting parties, survey on the
subject matter after the accident, determination of responsibilities and losses, handling of insurance consumers’ complaints and so forth. Insurance
assessment agencies shall: (i) make full notification and disclosure when deciding to establish an insurance assessment service relationship; (ii) conduct
risk assessment in a professional and prudent manner; (iii) conduct survey in a detailed and timely manner; (iv) determine liabilities and assess losses in
a conscientious and impartial manner, and conduct complete communication; and (v) handle complaints in a timely and effective manner.
According to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions and the Insurance Agents Provisions, an insurance broker, an insurance agent, and their
practitioners may not have the following acts in handling insurance business: (i) cheating the insurer, the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary;
(ii) concealing any important circumstances relating to the insurance contract; (iii) obstructing the applicant to fulfill the obligation of telling the truth,
or inducing the applicant not to fulfill the same; (iv) granting or promising to grant to the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary any interest other than
that stipulated in the insurance contract; (v) compelling, inducing the applicant to enter or restricting from entry into an insurance contract by using its
administrative power, position or the advantage of their profession and other improper means; (vi) forging or altering the insurance contract without
authorization or providing false evidence for parties to the insurance contract; (vii) misappropriating, retaining or embezzling the premiums or insurance
benefits; (viii) making use of the advantages of the business to obtain improper benefits for other institutions or individuals; (ix) defrauding insurance
benefits in collusion with the applicant, the insured or the beneficiary; or (x) disclosing trade secrets of the insurer, the applicant and the insured known
during the business activities. An insurance broker, an insurance agent and their practitioners shall not solicit or accept any remuneration or other
property other than those as agreed in contract and granted by any insurance company or its staff or take advantage of executing the insurance brokerage
business to obtain other illegal benefits in the course of carrying out the insurance brokerage/agency business.
According to the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, an insurance adjuster may not have the following acts in handling insurance adjustment
assessment business: (i) seeking illicit benefits by taking advantage of its business; (ii) permitting another institution to carry out business in its name, or
carrying out business by illegally using the name of another institution; (iii) soliciting business by illicit means such as maliciously beating down prices,
offering kickbacks, conducting false publicity or disparaging or defaming any other adjustment institution; (iv) accepting any business to which it is an
interested party; (v) accepting the authorization of both parties to the conflict of interest respectively and conducting appraisal of the same appraisal
object; (vi) issuing any false adjustment report or any adjustment report with material omission; (vii) retaining or designating a person who does not
comply with the provisions to carry out adjustment business; and (viii) committing any other violation of law or administrative regulation. In addition,
an insurance adjuster shall develop a standard client notification letter and present it to clients when carrying out business. A client notification letter
shall, at a minimum, include the name, recordation information, business premises, scope of business, contact information, complaint channels, dispute
settlement methods and other basic matters of the insurance adjuster.
On October 12, 2021, the CBIRC issued the Notice on Further Regulating Matters Concerning Internet Personal Insurance Business, pursuant to
which internet personal insurance products include accident insurance, health insurance (except nursing insurance), term life insurance, ordinary life
insurance with a policy period of more than ten years (except term life insurance) and ordinary annuity insurance with a policy period of more than ten
years, and other personal insurance products stipulated by the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council. Pursuant to the notice, internet
personal insurance products that do not meet the requirements thereof are prohibited from being offered online, and public display of, or direction to,
hyperlinks to the webpages of placing orders on the internet of such internet personal insurance products are prohibited as well. Insurance intermediaries
that conduct internet personal insurance business shall strengthen the system development and have operations and service capabilities that meet the
requirements set forth in this Notice. The notice also provides that customer service personnel of insurance intermediaries are not allowed to actively
conduct marketing activities with regard to internet personal insurance products, and their compensation shall not be linked to the sales results of
internet personal insurance products.
The CBIRC issued the Administrative Measures for the Disclosure of Information on Personal Insurance Products on November 11, 2022 and the
Notice on Promulgation of the Information Disclosure Rules for Personal Insurance Products with a Term of More Than One Year on December 30,
2022, both of which took effect on June 30, 2023, comprehensively regulating the sales practices of personal insurance products and further enhancing
the transparency of personal insurance products. No insurance intermediary or any of its practitioners may revise information disclosure materials for
insurance products sold on an agency basis. The product information disclosure materials used by any insurance intermediary or any of its practitioners
shall be consistent with product information disclosure materials of the insurance company.
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Qualification Management for Directors, Supervisors and Senior Management Personnel
According to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions and the Insurance Agents Provisions, senior officers of an insurance broker and a specialized
insurance agency refer to the following persons: (i) the general manager and deputy general manager of an insurance brokerage company and a
specialized insurance agency; (ii) the principals of provincial branch offices; and (iii) other personnel who exercises important authority over the
operation and management of the company. Senior officers of an insurance broker and a specialized insurance agency shall obtain the employment
qualification approved by the local branches of insurance regulatory authority under the State Council prior to assumption of duty.
Pursuant to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, any person who falls under any of the following circumstances may not serve as senior officers
of an insurance broker and principals of branches other than provincial branch offices: (i) serving as a director, supervisor or senior officer of an
insurance company or insurance intermediary whose license has been revoked for not more than three years from the revocation date due to violations of
law, and being individually liable or being responsible for leadership for the license revocation; (ii) being a director, supervisor or senior officer of a
financial institution whose qualification has been canceled for not more than five years from the date of disqualification due to illegal activities or
discipline misconduct; (iii) being prohibited from entering the financial industry for a certain period of time by any financial regulator and the said
period is not yet ended; (iv) having been warned or fined by any financial regulator for not more than two years from the date of such warning or fine;
(v) being investigated by any judiciary, discipline inspection and supervision departments or financial regulators; (vi) being subject to joint punishments
by the state entities and shall be punished in the field of insurance due to serious dishonesty, or being involved in other serious dishonesty records within
the recent five years; or (vii) other circumstances specified by laws and administrative regulations and by the insurance regulatory authority under the
State Council.
Without the approval of the shareholders’ meeting or the general meeting of shareholders, no senior officers of an insurance broker or principals
of branches other than provincial branch offices may work at the same time at any institution with conflict of interest.
Pursuant to the Insurance Agents Provisions, any person who falls under any of the following circumstances shall not be appointed as a senior
officer of a specialized insurance agency or the principal of a branch other than the provincial branch company: (i) having no capacity for civil conduct
or limited capacity for civil conduct; (ii) having been sentenced to any criminal penalty due to corruption, bribery, encroachment of property,
misappropriation of property or disrupting the socialist market order and it is less than five years since the completion of the execution of the penalty; or
having been deprived of political rights due to any crime and it is less than five years since the completion of the execution of the penalty; (iii) serving
as a director, factory director or manager of a bankrupt and liquidated company or enterprise and being personally responsible for the bankruptcy of such
company or enterprise, where not more than three years have elapsed since the completion of the bankruptcy and liquidation; (iv) having served as the
legal representative of a company or enterprise whose business license has been revoked or which has been ordered to close down due to a violation of
law and being personally liable, and it is less than three years since the date of revocation of the business license; (v) having served as the director,
supervisor or senior officer of an insurance company or insurance intermediary whose permit is revoked as a result of violation of laws and being
personally liable or having direct leadership liability for the revocation of the permit, and it is less than three years since the date of revocation of the
permit; (vi) having served as a director, supervisor or senior officer of a financial institution whose appointment qualifications have been revoked by the
financial regulatory authorities due to illegal or disciplinary offense and it is less than five years since the date of revocation of appointment
qualifications; (vii) having been barred from the financial industry by the financial regulatory authorities for a certain period of time and such period has
not expired yet; (viii) having been warned or fined less than two years by the financial regulatory authorities; (ix) having been investigated by the
judicial authorities, disciplinary inspection authorities or financial regulatory authorities; (x) having failed to repay a relatively large amount of personal
debt due; (xi) having been identified by the state agencies as a subject of joint punishment for dishonesty and shall be punished in the insurance sector
due to a serious dishonest conduct, or having other bad records of serious dishonest conduct within the past five years; or (xii) any other circumstances
stipulated by laws, administrative regulations and the provisions of the insurance regulatory authority under the State Council.
According to the Insurance Adjusters Provisions, senior officers of an insurance adjuster refer to the following persons: (i) the general manager
and deputy general manager of an insurance adjustment assessment company; (ii) the executive partner of an insurance adjustment assessment
partnership; (iii) the primary person in charge of a branch; and (iv) executives who have the same function and power as the aforesaid personnel.
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Qualification Management for Insurance Intermediary Practitioners
Pursuant to the China Insurance Regulatory Commission’s Notice on Relevant Issues Pertaining to Administration of Practitioners with Insurance
Intermediaries, which was promulgated and became effective on August 3, 2015, before an insurance intermediary practitioner begins to practice,
his/her company shall handle the practicing registration in the insurance intermediary regulatory information system of the insurance regulatory
authority under the State Council for him/her, and the qualification certificate shall not be served as necessary condition for administration of practicing
registration.
In 2019, the CBIRC deployed and carried out the practice registration and audit work for the practitioners of insurance professional
intermediaries. In order to improve the management of employees of insurance professional intermediaries. On May 12, 2020, the CBIRC enacted the
Notice of the General Office of the CBIRC on Strengthening the Management of Employees of Insurance Professional Intermediaries, which requires
the insurance professional intermediaries to meet the following conditions: (i) fully assuming the responsibility of the management; (ii) strengthening
the overall management of employees; (iii) strictly controlling the recruitment, training and integrity management of employees; and (iv) establishing a
grading system of sales ability of employees.
On September 20, 2023, the National Administration of Financial Regulation issued the Administrative Measures for Insurance Sales Practices,
which came into effect on March 1, 2024 and provide that insurance companies and insurance intermediaries shall complete practicing registration
formalities for their insurance salespersons.
Reward and Incentive
Pursuant to the Notice on Strictly Regulating Incentive Measures of Insurance Intermediaries promulgated on November 15, 2010 by the China
Insurance Regulatory Commission, professional insurance intermediaries may only implement equity incentive measures for sales personnel of more
than two consecutive years of practice experience within such intermediaries, and may not arbitrarily expand the scope of equity incentives for rapid
business growth. In implementing incentives, professional insurance intermediaries may not conduct deceptive or misleading promotion for the
incentive program, including exaggeration or arbitrarily promising uncertain earning from future listing; may not induce sales personnel to purchase
self-insurance or purchase insurance with borrowings for incentives; may not offer client equity in name of incentive as consideration for illicit interests.
According to the Circular on Further Regulating the Incentive Plans of Professional Insurance Intermediary Institutions promulgated by the China
Insurance Regulatory Commission on February 28, 2012, all professional insurance intermediary institutions shall not, by way of connecting the equity
incentive plan with their listing and exaggerating proceeds brought by their listing and other means, induce any of the general public to become a
salesperson, or induce salespersons or clients to buy insurance products which are inconsistent with their actual insurance needs.
Management of Insurance Sales
Pursuant to the Administrative Measures for Insurance Sales Practices, insurance sales practices are divided into three categories based on the
stage when the practices are conducted, namely the pre-insurance sales practices, in-process insurance sales practices and post-insurance sales practices.
Such division expands the scope of insurance sales practices to include, among others, activities such as creating an environment for the conclusion of
insurance contracts, preparing conditions and soliciting insurance contract counterparties. The measures explicitly prohibit any other entities or
individuals other than insurance companies, insurance intermediaries or insurance sales personnel from conducting any insurance sales practices.
Furthermore, the insurance intermediary shall strengthen its management of all stage of the insurance sales practices. For instance, the insurance sales
promotion conducted by insurance intermediaries shall not exceed in form and substance the business scope specified in their business permits.
Insurance intermediaries shall not enter into insurance contracts with policyholders using forced tying, default checkboxes on its information systems or
web pages. Furthermore, an archives management system shall be established by insurance intermediaries to properly preserve business files,
accounting books, personnel files, insurance materials as well as audio-visual materials and other archival materials generated through retrospective
management. When an insurance company or insurance intermediary sells a new type of life and health insurance product, it shall remind the insurance
applicant of the uncertainty of insurance policy benefits and accurately and comprehensively remind the insurance applicant of the relevant risks; where
laws, administrative regulations and regulatory provisions require an assessment of the insurance applicant’s risk tolerance, the insurance company or
insurance intermediary shall carry out such assessment and sell appropriate insurance products based on the assessment results.
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Regulations on Internet
Internet Business
Pursuant to the Administrative Measures for Internet Information Service, which were released by the State Council on September 25, 2000 and
amended on January 8, 2011, and the Administration Measures for Not-for-profit Online Information Service Registration, which were released by the
Ministry of Information Industry (currently known as the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) on February 8, 2005 and became effective
on March 20, 2005, internet information service is classified into for-profit and not-for-profit categories. For-profit internet information service refers to
service activities of compensated provision to online users through the internet of information or website production. Not-for-profit internet information
service refers to service activities of non-compensated provision to online subscribers through the internet of information that is in the public domain
and openly accessible. The national government has installed permit system for for-profit internet information service and filing system for not-for-profit
internet information service. Not-for-profit internet information service within the territory of the PRC should file for registration with
telecommunication administration authority of the province in which it is located. Not-for-profit internet information service provider should log onto
the registration management system of the Ministry of Information Industry at designated time each year to go through the annual verification
procedures.
Online Insurance Business
In December 2020, the CBIRC promulgated the Regulatory Measures for Online Insurance Business, which set the standards of services,
business, operations and sale of online insurance.
Pursuant to the Regulatory Measures for Online Insurance Business, insurance institutions that conduct internet insurance services shall, among
other requirements: (i) locate the online insurance service access in the People’s Republic of China; (ii) set up the information management system and
core business system to support the operation of online insurance business; (iii) establish solid network security monitoring, notification, emergency
disposal, and network security protection methods; (iv) file the network security classification; (v) have IT systems equipped with insurance sales or
insurance application functions that are certified as Safety Level III Computer Information Systems; (vi) establish legal and compliant marketing model
and service system; (vi) establish online insurance business management department with corresponding professional staffs; and (vii) use professional
insurance intermediaries that are national institutions. The Regulatory Measures for Online Insurance Business require online insurance transactions to
be conducted through online surfaces operated by insurance institutions only. An insurance institution that conducts online insurance business shall
(i) build an official website, specifying specific information in a prominent position on the online platform that it operates for online insurance business
operation, creating pages for transactions and displaying the details of internet insurance products according to the measures and other applicable rules;
and (ii) sell internet insurance products or provide insurance brokerage and insurance loss adjustment services via its own online platform or via online
platforms that other insurance institutions operate, and the insurance application page shall belong to its own online platform. In addition, no insurance
institution may, in internet insurance sales or brokerage activities, pay commission or labor remuneration directly or in a disguised way to any person
who has not yet carried out practice registration with the institution.
Specifically, non-insurance institutions are allowed to conduct online insurance business, including but not limited to: (i) providing insurance
product consulting services; (ii) comparing insurance products, (iii) conducting trial calculation of premium or quotation comparison; (iv) designing
insurance application plans for policyholders; (v) going through insurance application procedures; and (v) collecting premiums.
Traceability Management of Internet Insurance Sales Behavior
In order to standardize and strengthen the traceability management of Internet insurance sales, protect consumers’ basic rights and promote
healthy development of online insurance business, the CBIRC promulgated the Notice of the CBIRC on Regulating the Traceability Management of
Internet Insurance Sales on June 22, 2020, which came into effect on October 1, 2020.
According to the Notice of the CBIRC on Regulating the Traceability Management of Internet Insurance Sales, insurance institutions are only
allowed to sell commercial insurance products on their own online platform, and they shall implement retrospective management of internet insurance
sales. Insurance institutions shall record and keep operation track of each applicant and insured on the sales page. The operation track shall include the
time whenever an applicant or insured click on, enter, fill in, or leave the sales page as well as any other relevant contents. Insurance institutions that are
still unqualified after the notice comes into force shall immediately suspend the online insurance sales business.
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Third Party Information Protection
Protection Provisions on the Technical Measures for the Protection of the Security of the Internet, which were promulgated by the Ministry of
Public Security and became effective on March 1, 2006, provide initial requirements on supervising the security of internet information. The providers
of the internet services and entity users of the network shall establish a corresponding management system. The information as registered by users shall
not be publicized or divulged without the approval of the users, unless it is otherwise specified by any law or administrative regulation. The providers of
the internet services and entity users of the network shall adopt technical measures for the protection of the internet security according to law and shall
not take technical measures to injure the users’ freedom and confidentiality of communication under the pretext of protecting the security of the internet.
Provisions on Protecting the Personal Information of Telecommunications and Internet Users, which were promulgated by the Ministry of
Industry and Information Technology on July 16, 2013 and became effective on September 1, 2013, further improve the personal information protection
system of telecommunications and internet industries and specify the scope and obligation subjects of personal information protection of
telecommunications and internet users, rules on collection and use of users’ personal information by telecommunications service operators and providers
of internet information services and agent management and information security guarantee measures. The providers of the internet services and entity
users of the network shall establish a corresponding administration system. The information as registered by users shall not be publicized or divulged
without the approval of the users, unless as otherwise compelled by any law or administrative regulation.
According to the Network Security Law of the PRC promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress on November 7,
2016 and effective on June 1, 2017, network service providers, in their business operation and provision of services, must observe laws and regulations
and perform the obligation of ensuring network security, effectively respond to cybersecurity incidents, prevent illegal activities, and maintain the
integrity, confidentiality and availability of network data.
Pursuant to the Notice of CBIRC on Regulating the Traceability Management of Internet Insurance Sales, when insurance institutions carry out
internet insurance sales activities that can be traced back, they shall collect and use consumer information following the principle of legality, and shall
not collect unrelated information. In addition, pursuant to the Notice, insurance institutions conduct online insurance business along with the online
platforms that they operate shall establish refined cybersecurity monitoring, information notification, emergency disposal working mechanisms as well
as other protective means such as refined perimeter protection, intrusion detection, data protection and disaster recovery. The data and information for
underwriting used by insurance institutions shall be legally sourced and used.
According to the Notice on Further Regulating Matters Concerning Internet Personal Insurance Business issued by the CBIRC on October 12,
2021, insurance companies carrying out internet personal insurance business shall establish and improve the business retracing mechanism. Insurance
companies shall retrace online personal insurance business as required, pay close attention to key indicators such as loss ratio, incidence ratio, expense
ratio, surrender ratio, and rate of return on investment, retrace the deviation between actual operating conditions and actuarial assumption, and take the
initiative to adopt measures such as paying attention, adjustment and improvement, proactive reporting and information disclosure. The chief actuary of
an insurance company shall be the person who is directly responsible for the retracing work of the internet personal insurance business, and organize and
implement the retracing work as required, to ensure that the data used are comprehensive and authentic, the calculation methods conform to the actuarial
principle, and the rectification measures are timely and effective.
According to the Insurance Brokerages Provisions, an insurance broker and its practitioners shall not disclose trade secrets of the insurer, the
applicant and the insured known during the business activities.
On December 26, 2022, the CBIRC promulgated the Administrative Measures for the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests by banking
and Insurance Institutions, which became effective on March 1, 2023, standardizing the operational behavior of banking and insurance institutions and
emphasizing the establishment of a long-term mechanism. From the perspective of behavior norms, these measures comprehensively cover the eight
basic rights of consumers. Banking and insurance institutions shall include the protection of consumers’ rights and interests in their strategies on
corporate governance, corporate culture development and business development, establish and improve systems and mechanisms for the protection of
consumers’ rights and interests, and implement the requirements for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests throughout all links of business
process. Moreover, banking and insurance institutions shall establish and improve their working mechanisms for complaint handling, their internal
assessment mechanism and a normalized and standardized internal audit mechanism for the protection of consumers’ rights and interests.
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Regulations on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services
According to the Administrative Provisions on Mobile Internet Applications Information Services, which were promulgated by the Cyberspace
Administration of China on June 28, 2016 and amended on June 14, 2022, app providers shall strictly fulfill their responsibilities of information security
management, and perform the following duties: (i) conduct real identity information authentication based on mobile phone numbers, identity document
numbers or unified social credit codes for users who apply for registration; (ii) be responsible for the results of the presentation of information content,
shall not produce or disseminate illegal information, and shall consciously prevent and resist harmful information; (iii) not induce users to download
Apps by means of false advertisement, bundled downloads, or other acts, or via machine or manual click farming and comment control, or by using
illegal and harmful information; (iv) immediately take remedial measures, promptly notify users and report the same to the competent authorities in
accordance with regulations when an app has risks such as security defects and vulnerabilities; (v) perform the obligation of ensuring data security,
establish a sound whole-process data security management system, take technical measures to ensure data security and other security measures,
strengthen risk monitoring, and shall not endanger national security or public interests, or damage the legitimate rights and interests of others when
carrying out app data processing activities; and (vi) formulate and disclose management rules, and sign service agreements with registered users to
clarify the rights and obligations of both parties.
Regulations on Information Security
In December 2015, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Anti-Terrorism Law of the PRC, which took
effect on January 1, 2016 and was amended on April 27, 2018. According to the Anti-Terrorism Law of the PRC, telecommunication service operators
or internet service providers shall (i) carry out pertinent anti-terrorism publicity and education to society; (ii) provide technical interfaces, decryption
and other technical support and assistance for the competent departments to prevent and investigate terrorist activities; (iii) implement network security
and information monitoring systems as well as safety and technical prevention measures to avoid the dissemination of terrorism information, delete the
terrorism information, immediately halt its dissemination, keep records and report to the competent departments once the terrorism information is
discovered; and (iv) examine customer identities before providing services.
In November 2016, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress promulgated the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, which took
effect on June 1, 2017. In accordance with the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, network operators must comply with applicable laws and regulations and
fulfill their obligations to safeguard network security in conducting business and providing services. Network service providers must take technical and
other necessary measures as required by laws, regulations and mandatory requirements to safeguard the operation of networks, respond to network
security effectively, prevent illegal and criminal activities, and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and usability of network data.
For the further purposes of regulating data processing activities, safeguarding data security, promoting data development and utilization,
protecting the lawful rights and interests of individuals and organizations, and maintaining national sovereignty, security, and development interests, on
June 10, 2021, Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress published the Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China, which
took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law requires data processing, which includes the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission,
provision, publication of data, to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner. The Data Security Law provides for data security and privacy
obligations on entities and individuals carrying out data activities. The Data Security Law also introduces a data classification and hierarchical
protection system based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and the degree of harm it may cause to national security, public
interests, or legitimate rights and interests of individuals or organizations if such data are tampered with, destroyed, leaked, illegally acquired or illegally
used. The appropriate level of protection measures is required to be taken for each respective category of data. For example, a processor of important
data is required to designate the personnel and the management body responsible for data security, carry out risk assessments of its data processing
activities and file the risk assessment reports with the competent authorities. State core data, i.e., data having a bearing on national security, the lifelines
of national economy, people’s key livelihood and major public interests, shall be subject to stricter management system. Moreover, the Data Security
Law provides a national security review procedure for those data activities which affect or may affect national security and imposes export restrictions
on certain data and information. In addition, the Data Security Law also provides that any organization or individual within the territory of the PRC shall
not provide any foreign judicial body and law enforcement body with any data without the approval of the competent PRC governmental authorities.
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On July 6, 2021, certain PRC regulatory authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities, which, among
others, called for improving the laws and regulations on data security, cross-border data transmission, and confidential information management. The
opinions provide that efforts will be made to revise the regulations on strengthening the confidentiality and file management relating to the offering and
listing of securities overseas, to implement the responsibility on information security of overseas listed companies, and to strengthen the standardized
management of cross-border information provision mechanisms and procedures.
On December 28, 2021, the CAC and 12 other governmental authorities jointly issued the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, which became
effective on February 15, 2022. The operators shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office of CAC for a cybersecurity review under the following
circumstances: (i) internet platform operators holding over one million individuals’ personal information pursuing a foreign listing, (ii) operators of
“critical information infrastructure” that intend to purchase internet products and services that will or may affect national security, and (iii) internet
platform operators carrying out data processing that affect or may affect national security. Besides, the Measures for Cybersecurity Review provide that
if the authorities consider that certain network products and services, data processing activities and listings in foreign countries affect or may affect
national security, the authorities may initiate a cybersecurity review even if the operators do not have an obligation to report for a cybersecurity review
under such circumstances. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review also elaborate the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks
of the relevant activities, including among others, risks of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked,
destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country and risks of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal
information data being affected, controlled and maliciously used by foreign governments after a foreign listing.
On November 14, 2021, the CAC released the Regulations on the Network Data Security (Draft for Comments), or the Draft Regulations, which
were open for public comments until December 13, 2021. The Draft Regulations provide that data processors refer to individuals or organizations that
autonomously determine the purpose and the manner of processing data. In accordance with the Draft Regulations, data processors shall apply for a
cybersecurity review for the following activities: (i) merger, reorganization or division of internet platform operators that have acquired a large number
of data resources related to national security, economic development or public interests to the extent that affects or may affect national security;
(ii) listing abroad of data processors which process over one million users’ personal information; (iii) listing in Hong Kong which affects or may affect
national security; or (iv) other data processing activities that affect or may affect national security. Besides, data processors that are listed overseas shall
carry out an annual data security assessment.
On July 30, 2021, the State Council issued the Regulations on Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure. Pursuant to these regulations,
critical information infrastructure shall mean the important network facilities or information systems of key industries or fields such as public
communication and information service, energy, transportation, water conservation, finance, public services, e-government affairs and national defense
science, and important network facilities or information systems which may endanger national security, people’s livelihood and public interest once
there occur damage, malfunctioning or data leakage to them. These regulations provide that no individual or organization may carry out any illegal
activity of intruding into, interfering with, or sabotaging any critical information infrastructures, or endanger the security of any critical information
infrastructures. These regulations also require that critical information infrastructure operators shall establish a cybersecurity protection system and
accountability system, and that the main responsible person of a critical information infrastructure operator shall take full responsibility for the security
protection of the critical information infrastructures operated by it. In addition, the administration departments of each important industry and sector
shall be responsible for formulating the rule of critical information infrastructure determination applicable to their respective industry or sector, and
determine the critical information infrastructure operators in their industry or sector.
On July 12, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and two other authorities jointly issued the Provisions on the
Administration of Security Vulnerabilities of Network Products. These provisions state that, no organization or individual may abuse the security
vulnerabilities of network products to engage in activities that endanger network security, or to illegally collect, sell, or publish the information on such
security vulnerabilities. Anyone who is aware of the aforesaid offenses shall not provide technical support, advertising, payment settlement and other
assistance to the offenders. According to these provisions, network product providers, network operators, and platforms collecting network product
security vulnerabilities shall establish and improve channels for receiving network product security vulnerability information and keep such channels
available, and retain network product security vulnerability information reception logs for at least six months. These provisions also ban provision of
undisclosed vulnerabilities to overseas organizations or individuals other than to the product providers.
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On December 31, 2021, the CAC and three other governmental authorities jointly published the Administrative Provisions on Internet Information
Service Algorithm Recommendation, which became effective on March 1, 2022. These administrative provisions implement classification and
hierarchical management for algorithm recommendation service providers based on varies criteria, and stipulate, among others, that algorithm
recommendation service providers with public opinion attributes or social mobilization capabilities shall file with the CAC within ten business days
from the date of providing such services.
On July 7, 2022, the CAC promulgated the Measures for the Security Assessment of Data Cross-border Transfer which became effective on
September 1, 2022. The measures require that any data processor who processes or exports personal information exceeding a certain volume threshold
pursuant to the measures shall, through the local cyberspace administration at the provincial level, apply for a security assessment by the CAC before
transferring any personal information abroad, including the following circumstances: (i) important data will be provided overseas by any data processor;
(ii) personal information will be provided overseas by any operator of critical information infrastructure or any data processor who processes the
personal information of more than 1,000,000 individuals; (iii) personal information will be provided overseas by any data processor who has provided
the personal information of more than 100,000 individuals in aggregate or has provided the sensitive personal information of more than 10,000
individuals in aggregate since January 1 of last year; and (iv) other circumstances where the security assessment is required as prescribed by the CAC. A
data processor shall, before applying for the security assessment of an outbound data transfer, conduct a self-assessment of the risks involved in the
outbound data transfer. The security assessment of a cross-border data transfer shall focus on assessing the risks that may be brought about by the cross-
border data transfer concerning national security, public interests, or the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations.
On August 20, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress of China promulgated the Personal Information Protection Law,
which integrates the scattered rules with respect to personal information rights and privacy protection and took effect on November 1, 2021. The
Personal Information Protection Law requires, among others, that (i) the processing of personal information should have a clear and reasonable purpose
which should be directly related to the processing purpose and should be conducted in a method that has the minimum impact on personal rights and
interests, and (ii) the collection of personal information should be limited to the minimum scope as necessary to achieve the processing purpose and
avoid the excessive collection of personal information. Personal information processors shall adopt necessary measures to safeguard the security of the
personal information they handle. The offending entities could be ordered to correct, or to suspend or terminate the provision of services, and face
confiscation of illegal income, fines or other penalties.
In addition, the State Secrecy Bureau has issued provisions authorizing the blocking of access to any website it deems to be leaking state secrets or
failing to comply with the applicable laws and regulations regarding the protection of state secrets during online information distribution. Specifically,
internet companies in the PRC with bulletin boards, chat rooms or similar services must apply for specific approval prior to operating such services.
Furthermore, the Provisions on Technological Measures for Internet Security Protection, which were promulgated by the Ministry of Public
Security and became effective in March 2006, require all ICP operators to keep records of certain information about its users (including user registration
information, log-in and log-out time, IP address, content and time of posts by users) for at least 60 days and submit the above information as required by
laws and regulations. The Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection which was promulgated by the PRC National People’s Congress
in December 2012, states that ICP operators must request identity information from users when ICP operators provide information publication services
to the users. If ICP operators come across prohibited information, they must immediately cease the transmission of such information, delete the
information, keep records and report to government authorities.
According to the Administrative Measures for Insurance Sales Practices, in collecting and processing the personal information of policyholders,
the insured, the beneficiaries and the parties concerned in insurance business practices, insurance companies and insurance intermediaries shall follow
the principles of legality, legitimacy, necessity and good faith, and properly keep the information and prevent information leakage; without the consent
of such individual, the insurance company, insurance intermediary or insurance salesperson shall not provide the information of such individual to any
other person, unless otherwise stipulated by the laws, regulations and rules and the information is necessary for carrying out insurance business. An
insurance company or an insurance intermediary shall strengthen its control over other institutions cooperating with it on the collection and processing
of the personal information of policyholders, the insured, the beneficiaries and the parties concerned in insurance business practices, specify the
information collection and processing requirements for other institutions in the bilateral cooperation agreement, and regularly understand the
implementation of the agreement requirements by other institutions. In case of any violation of the agreement requirements by any other institution, the
insurance company or the insurance intermediary shall timely take measures to stop such violation and urge correction and hold the institution liable in
accordance with the law.
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Regulations on Internet Privacy
The PRC Constitution states that PRC law protects the freedom and privacy of communications of citizens and prohibits infringement of these
rights. The Decision on Strengthening Network Information Protection provides that electronic information that identifies a citizen or involves privacy
of any citizen is protected by law and must not be unlawfully collected or provided to others. ICP operators collecting or using personal electronic
information of citizens must specify the purposes, manners and scopes of information collection and uses, obtain consent of the citizens, and keep the
collected personal information confidential. ICP operators are prohibited from disclosing, tampering with, damaging, selling or illegally providing
others with, collected personal information. ICP operators are required to take technical and other measures to prevent the collected personal
information from any unauthorized disclosure, damage or loss. The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services prohibit an ICP operator
from insulting or slandering a third party or infringing upon the lawful rights and interests of a third party. According to the Provisions on Protection of
Personal Information of Telecommunication and Internet Users, which was promulgated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and
became effective in September 2013, telecommunication business operators and ICP operators are responsible for the security of the personal
information of users they collect or use in the course of their provision of services. Without obtaining the consent from the users, telecommunication
business operators and ICP operators may not collect or use the users’ personal information. The personal information collected or used in the course of
provision of services by the telecommunication business operators or ICP operators must be kept in strict confidence, and may not be divulged,
tampered with or damaged, and may not be sold or illegally provided to others. The ICP operators are required to take certain measures to prevent any
divulgence of, damage to, tampering with or loss of users’ personal information. In accordance with the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, network
operators are required to collect and use personal information in compliance with the principles of legitimacy, properness and necessity, and strictly
within the scope of authorization by the subject of personal information unless otherwise prescribed by laws or regulations. In the event of any
unauthorized disclosure, damage or loss of collected personal information, network operators must take immediate remedial measures, notify the
affected users and report the incidents to the authorities in a timely manner. If any user knows that a network operator illegally collects and uses his or
her personal information in violation of laws, regulations or any agreement with the user, or the collected and stored personal information is inaccurate
or wrong, the user has the right to request the network operator to delete or correct the collected personal information.
The telecommunications authorities are further authorized to order ICP operators to rectify unauthorized disclosure. ICP operators are subject to
legal liability, including warnings, fines, confiscation of illegal gains, revocation of licenses or filings, closing of the relevant websites, administrative
punishment, criminal liabilities, or civil liabilities, if they violate applicable provisions on internet privacy. Pursuant to the Ninth Amendment to the
Criminal Law issued by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress in August 2015 and becoming effective in November 2015, the
standards of crime of infringing citizens’ personal information were amended accordingly and the criminal culpability of unlawful collection,
transaction, and provision of personal information has been reinforced. In addition, the Interpretations of the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme
People’s Procuratorate of the PRC on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in Handling Criminal Cases of Infringing Personal Information,
effective in June 2017, have clarified certain standards for the conviction and sentencing in relation to personal information infringement. The PRC
government has the power and authority to order ICP operators to turn over personal information if an internet user posts any prohibited content or
engages in illegal activities on the internet. The Civil Code further provides in a stand-alone chapter of right of personality and reiterate that the personal
information of a natural person shall be protected by the law. Any organization or individual shall legitimately obtain such personal information of
others in due course on a need-to-know basis and ensure the safety and privacy of such information, and refrain from excessively handling or using such
information.
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With respect to the security of information collected and used by mobile apps, pursuant to the Announcement of Conducting Special Supervision
against the Illegal Collection and Use of Personal Information by Apps, which was issued on January 23, 2019, app operators should collect and use
personal information in compliance with the Cyber Security Law of the PRC and should be responsible for the security of personal information obtained
from users and take effective measures to strengthen the personal information protection. Furthermore, app operators should not force their users to
make authorization by means of bundling, suspending installation or in other default forms and should not collect personal information in violation of
laws, regulations or breach of user agreements. Such regulatory requirements were emphasized by the Notice on the Special Rectification of Apps
Infringing upon User’s Personal Rights and Interests, which was issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on October 31, 2019.
On November 28, 2019, the CAC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security and the State Administration for
Market Regulation jointly issued the Methods of Identifying Illegal Acts of Apps to Collect and Use Personal Information. This regulation further
illustrates certain commonly seen illegal practices of apps operators in terms of personal information protection, including “failure to publicize rules for
collecting and using personal information,” “failure to expressly state the purpose, manner and scope of collecting and using personal information,”
“collection and use of personal information without consent of users of such App,” “collecting personal information irrelevant to the services provided
by such app in violation of the principle of necessity,” “provision of personal information to others without users’ consent,” “failure to provide the
function of deleting or correcting personal information as required by laws” and “failure to publish information such as methods for complaints and
reporting.”
On August 22, 2019, the CAC promulgated the Children Information Protection Provisions, which took effect on October 1, 2019, requiring that
before collecting, using, transferring or disclosing the personal information of a child, the Internet service operator should inform the child’s guardians
in a noticeable and clear manner and obtain their consents. Meanwhile, internet service operators should take measures like encryption when storing
children’s personal information. On March 12, 2021, the CAC and three other authorities jointly issued the Rules on the Scope of Necessary Personal
Information for Common Types of Mobile Internet Applications. The rules specify the scope of necessary personal information to be collected each for a
variety of common mobile internet applications, such as maps and navigation apps, online ride-hailing apps, instant messaging apps, online community
apps. Operators of such apps shall not refuse to provide basic services to users on the ground of users’ refusal to provide their personal non-essential
information.
Regulations on Foreign Exchange
The principal regulation governing foreign currency exchange in China is the Foreign Exchange Administration Rules of the PRC. The Foreign
Exchange Administration Rules of the PRC were promulgated by the State Council on January 29, 1996, and were subsequently amended on
January 14, 1997 and August 5, 2008. Under these rules, Renminbi is generally freely convertible for payments of current account items, such as trade
and service-related foreign exchange transactions and dividend payments, but not freely convertible for capital account items, such as capital transfer,
direct investment, investment in securities, derivative products or loans unless the prior approval by the competent authorities for the administration of
foreign exchange is obtained.
Under the Foreign Exchange Administration Rules of the PRC, foreign-invested enterprises in the PRC may purchase foreign exchange without
the approval of SAFE for paying dividends by providing certain evidencing documents (board resolutions, tax certificates, etc.), or for trade and
services-related foreign exchange transactions by providing commercial documents evidencing such transactions. They are also allowed to retain foreign
currency (subject to a cap approval by SAFE) to satisfy foreign exchange liabilities. In addition, foreign exchange transactions involving overseas direct
investment or investment and trading in securities, derivative products abroad are subject to registration with the competent authorities for the
administration of foreign exchange and approval or filings with the government authorities (if necessary).
According to the Circular on the Management of Offshore Investment and Financing and Round Trip Investment By Domestic Residents through
Special Purpose Vehicles, which was promulgated on July 4, 2014 and became effective on the same day, (i) a PRC resident shall register with the local
SAFE branch before he or she contributes assets or equity interests in an overseas special purpose vehicle, or an overseas SPV, that is directly
established or indirectly controlled by the PRC resident for the purpose of conducting investment or financing; and (ii) following the initial registration,
the PRC resident is also required to register with the local SAFE branch for any major change, in respect of the overseas SPV, including, among other
things, a change in the overseas SPV’s PRC resident shareholder, name of the overseas SPV, term of operation, or any increase or reduction of the
contributions by the PRC resident, share transfer or swap, and merger or division. Failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular
37 and the subsequent notice, or making misrepresentation on or failure to disclose controllers of the foreign-invested enterprise that is established
through round-trip investment, may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the foreign-invested enterprise, including
payment of dividends and other distributions, such as proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation, to its offshore parent or
affiliate, and the capital inflow from the offshore parent, and may also subject the PRC residents or entities to penalties under PRC foreign exchange
administration regulations.
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Pursuant to Circular of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Further Simplifying and Improving the Direct Investment-related Foreign
Exchange Administration Policies, which was promulgated on February 13, 2015 and amended on December 30, 2019, the initial foreign exchange
registration for establishing or taking control of a SPV by domestic residents can be conducted with a qualified bank, instead of the local foreign
exchange bureau.
According to the Implementation Rules for the Provisional Regulations on Statistics and Supervision of Foreign Debt, promulgated by SAFE on
September 24, 1997, and the Interim Provisions on the Management of Foreign Debts promulgated by SAFE, the National Development and Reform
Commission and the Ministry of Commerce and effective on March 1, 2003, loans by foreign companies to their subsidiaries in the PRC, which
accordingly are foreign-invested enterprises, are considered foreign debts.
Pursuant to the Measures for the Administration of Foreign Debt Registration, together with the Guidelines on the Administration of Foreign Debt
Registration, issued by SAFE on April 28, 2013 and amended on May 4, 2015, April 26, 2016 and June 9, 2016, the Notice on Matters concerning the
Macro Prudential Administration of Full-Covered Cross Border Financing issued by the People’s Bank of China on January 12, 2017, the Circular of the
People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting the Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Full-covered
Cross-border Financing promulgated by the People’s Bank of China and the SAFE on March 12, 2020, the Circular of the People’s Bank of China and
the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Cross-border Financing of Enterprises
promulgated by the People’s Bank of China and the SAFE on January 7, 2021, and the Circular of the People’s Bank of China and the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange on Adjusting Macro-prudential Regulation Parameter for Cross-border Financing in October 2022, the total amount
of accumulated foreign debt borrowed by an enterprise is subject to an upper limit of the difference between its registered capital and its total investment
amount, or 2.5 times, or the then applicable statutory multiple, of the amount of its audited net assets, at its election, and the foreign-invested enterprise
is required to file with SAFE after entering into the foreign debt contract and within at least three business days before drawing any money from the
foreign debts.
Regulations on M&A Rules and Overseas Securities Offering and Listing
Under the Provisions on the Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (revised in 2009), or the M&A Rules, a foreign
investor is required to obtain necessary approvals when (i) a foreign investor acquires equity in a domestic non-foreign invested enterprise thereby
converting it into a foreign-invested enterprise, or subscribes for new equity in a domestic enterprise via an increase of registered capital thereby
converting it into a foreign-invested enterprise; or (ii) a foreign investor establishes a foreign-invested enterprise which purchases and operates the assets
of a domestic enterprise, or which purchases the assets of a domestic enterprise and injects those assets to establish a foreign-invested enterprise.
On July 6, 2021, the PRC government authorities issued Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the
Law. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by
China-based companies and proposed to take effective measures, such as promoting the construction of regulatory systems to deal with the risks and
incidents faced by China-based overseas-listed companies.
On December 27, 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Commerce jointly issued the Special
Administrative Measures for Access of Foreign Investment (Negative List) (2021 Edition), which became effective on January 1, 2022. Pursuant to the
negative list, if a domestic company engaging in the prohibited business stipulated in the negative list seeks an overseas offering and listing, it shall
obtain the approval from the competent governmental authorities. Besides, the foreign investors of the company shall not be involved in the company’s
operation and management, and their shareholding percentage shall be subject, mutatis mutandis, to the regulations on the domestic securities
investments by foreign investors.
On February 17, 2023, the CSRC issued the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, which took effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Overseas
Listing Filing Rules, the overseas offering and listing by a PRC domestic company, whether directly or indirectly, shall be filed with the CSRC.
Specifically, the determination of an indirect offering and listing will be conducted on a “substance over form” basis, and an offering and listing shall be
considered as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company if the issuer meets both the following conditions: (i) the operating income,
gross profit, total assets, or net assets of the domestic enterprise in the most recent fiscal year, where any index accounts for more than 50% of the
relevant line item in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statement for that year; and (ii) the main links of business activities carried out in
mainland China or the main place of business is in mainland China, or the senior management personnel responsible for business operations and
management are mostly PRC citizens or are ordinarily resident in mainland China. According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, an overseas offering
and listing is prohibited under any of the following circumstances: (i) if the intended securities offering and listing is specifically prohibited by national
laws and regulations and applicable provisions; (ii) if the intended securities offering and listing may endangers national security as reviewed and
determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law; (iii) if, in the past three years, the domestic enterprise or its
controlling shareholders or actual controllers have committed corruption, bribery, embezzlement, misappropriation of property, or other criminal
offenses disruptive to the order of the socialist market economy; (iv) if, the domestic enterprise is under investigation according to law for suspected
crimes or major violations of laws and regulations, but no clear conclusions have been reached; (v) if there are material ownership disputes over the
equity held by the controlling shareholder, or controlled by the controlling shareholder or the actual controller.
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According to the Overseas Listing Filing Rules, the issuer or a major domestic operating company designated by the issuer, as the case may be,
shall file with the CSRC (i) with respect to its initial public offering and listing within three business days, after its initial filing of the listing application
to the regulator in the place of the intended listing, (ii) with respect to its follow-on offering in the same foreign market within three business days after
completion of the follow-on offering, (iii) with respect to the assets of a domestic company are directly or indirectly listed overseas through one or more
acquisitions, share swap, transfer or other transaction arrangements, the domestic company shall file with the CSRC in accordance with (i), in the case
does not involve the submission of application documents abroad, within three business days after the first public announcement of the transaction.
On February 24, 2023, the CSRC and several other government authorities released the Provisions on Strengthening Confidentiality and Archives
Administration in Respect of Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises. These provisions provide that, among other things,
(i) in the course of overseas issuance and listing of domestic enterprises, domestic enterprises and securities companies and securities service agencies
which provide the corresponding services shall strictly comply with the PRC laws and regulations and the requirements of these provisions, strengthen
legal awareness of confidentiality of state secrets and archives administration, establish a sound system for confidentiality and archives work, adopt the
requisite measures to perform the responsibilities of confidentiality and archives administration, and shall not divulge state secrets and work secrets of
state agencies or harm the state and public interests; (ii) to provide accounting records or photocopies of accounting records to entities and individuals
such as the securities companies, securities service agencies and overseas regulatory authorities, a domestic enterprise shall perform the corresponding
procedures in accordance with the applicable provisions of the state; and (iii) the working papers formed within the territory of China by the securities
companies and securities service agencies that provide corresponding services for the overseas issuance and listing of domestic enterprises shall be
stored within the territory of China. Those that need to transmit working papers outbound shall go through examination and approval formalities in
accordance with the applicable provisions of the state.
Regulations on Intellectual Property
Trademark
Pursuant to the Trademark Law of the PRC, which was most recently amended on April 23, 2019 and took effect on November 1, 2019, the valid
period for registered trademark is ten years from the date of registration; to renew trademark registration upon expiration, the trademark registrant
should follow the provisions to manage renewal 12 months before expiration; if it is not processed within the period, a six-month extension period shall
be given. Valid period for each renewal is ten years from the next day after the previous expiration date. If renewal is not obtained after expiration, the
trademark shall be canceled. Business administration authority shall sanction any infringement of trademark by law; where suspected crime is involved,
the perpetrator shall be promptly apprehended by judicial agency for legal proceedings.
Copyright
Pursuant to the Copyright Law of the PRC, which was most recently amended on November 11, 2020 and took effect on June 1, 2021, Chinese
citizens, legal person or any other organization shall be entitled to copyright of its work by this law whether or not such work is published or not.
Copyright covers the following forms of creative works: literature, art, natural science, engineering technology works, writing, narration, music, drama,
opera, dance and acrobatic works, fine art and architectural works, photography, audio-visual works, drawings of engineering designs and product
designs, maps, illustrations, other graphic works and model works; computer software and other intellectual creations that meet the characteristics of
works. Perpetrator infringing on copyright or copyright related rights shall be held liable for actual damages to obligee, and may be fined, and the illegal
gains, pirate copies and properties used for illegal activities may be confiscated.
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Domain Name
Pursuant to the Internet Domain Name Management Measures released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on August 24,
2017 and effective on November 1, 2017, domain name registration shall be conducted through domain name registration management service
institutions, on the basis of “first apply first register,” unless otherwise specified by the implementation rules for a particular domain name. Domain
name registration management service institution should enter into individual domain name registration agreement with the applicant. The domain name
holder should notify domain name registration management service institution any alteration in registration information other than that of the holder and
apply for registration information change within 30 days after the alteration according to alteration recognition method selected at application.
Patents
Pursuant to the Patent Law of the PRC promulgated by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and most recently amended on
October 17, 2020 and the Implementation Rules for the Patent Law of the PRC promulgated by the State Council, patents are categorized into invention,
utility model and appearance design. The patent right period for invention is 20 years from the date of application, the patent right period for utility
model is ten years from the date of application and the patent right period for appearance design is fifteen years from the date of application. The Patent
Law of the PRC and its Implementation Rules stipulate that a patentee’s patent right entitlement is protected by law.
Regulations on Tax
Corporate Income Tax
Pursuant to the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC effective on January 1, 2008 and amended on December 29, 2018, and the Implementation
Provisions for the Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC effective on April 23, 2019, companies are classified into resident companies and
non-resident companies. Corporate Income Tax rate is 25%, or 20% for non-resident company which has not set up an organization or an operating site,
or its income from established organization or operating side is not connected to such organization or site, judging by the source of its income within the
PRC territory. High and new technology companies encouraged by the government shall be accorded with 15% income tax.
Pursuant to the Announcement on Issues Regarding Implementation of Preferential Income Tax Policy for High and New Technology Companies
released on June 19, 2017 by the State Administration of Taxation, company qualified as high or new technology company shall enjoy preferential tax
from the year indicated on the certificate for high and new technology company, and file for registration with taxation agency of jurisdiction according
to applicable provisions. On expiration of the qualification as high and new technology company, income tax shall be temporarily levied pursuant to a
preferential tax rate of 15% before renewal of the qualification; if such qualification is not obtained before the end of the year, the difference between
the preferential tax rate and the regular tax rate should be paid according to applicable provisions.
Withholding Income Tax
Pursuant to the Arrangement between Mainland and Hong Kong S.A.R. Regarding Avoidance of Double Taxation on Income and Prevention of
Tax Evasion agreed between the State Administration of Taxation and Hong Kong S.A.R. on August 21, 2006, and certain conventions implemented as
of June 11, 2008, December 20, 2010, December 29, 2015, and December 6, 2019, if Hong Kong resident holds at least 25% of the registered capital of
a company in China, the withholding income tax rate applicable to the Chinese company for dividends payable to the Hong Kong resident is 5%. In all
other cases, the withholding income tax rate applicable to the Chinese company for dividends payable to the Hong Kong resident is 10%.
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Value-Added Tax
Pursuant to the Provisional Regulations on Value-Added Tax of the PRC last amended on November 19, 2017 and their implementation rules
promulgated by the Ministry of Finance and last amended on October 28, 2011, tax payers engaging in sale of goods, provision of processing services,
repairs and replacement services, sales of services, intangible assets or real property, or importation of goods within the territory of the PRC shall pay
value-added tax, or the VAT.
On November 16, 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly promulgated the Pilot Plan for Levying Value-
Added Tax in lieu of Business Tax. Starting from January 1, 2012, the PRC government has been gradually implementing a pilot program in certain
provinces and municipalities, to levy a 6% VAT on revenue generated from modern service industries in lieu of the business tax.
The Measures for the Exemption of Value-Added Tax from Cross-Border Taxable Activities in the Collection of Value-Added Tax in Lieu of
Business Tax (for Trial Implementation), which were promulgated on May 6, 2016 by the State Administration of Taxation and amended according to
the Notice of State Administration of Taxation on Revising Some Normative Documents on Taxation on June 15, 2018, provide that if a domestic
enterprise provides cross-border taxable activities such as professional technology services, technology transfer, software service etc., the above
mentioned cross-border taxable activities shall be exempted from the VAT.
On March 23, 2016, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation jointly issued the Circular of Full Implementation of
Business Tax to Value-added Tax Reform, which confirms that business tax will be completely replaced by the VAT from May 1, 2016.
Pursuant to Notice of the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation on Adjusting Value-added Tax Rates issued by the
Ministry of Finance and State Administration of Taxation on April 4, 2018 and effective on May 1, 2018, the applicable VAT for VAT-taxable sales
activities or imported goods are adjusted respectively from 17% and 11% to 16% and 10%.
Pursuant to the Announcement on Relevant Policies for Deepening Value-Added Tax Reform issued by the Ministry of Finance, the State
Administration of Taxation and the General Administration of Customs on March 20, 2019 and effective on April 1, 2019, with respect to VAT taxable
sales or imported goods of a VAT general taxpayer, where the VAT rate of 16% applies currently, it shall be adjusted to 13%, and the currently applicable
VAT rate of 10% shall be adjusted to 9%.
Regulations on Employment and Social Welfare
Employment
The labor laws in China include the Labor Law of the PRC, the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, the Social
Insurance Law of the PRC, the Provisional Measures for Company Employee Birth Insurance, the Provisional Regulations for the Collection and
Payment of Social Insurance Premiums, Regulations on Management of Housing Provident Fund and other laws and regulations released by the
governmental authorities from time to time.
Pursuant to the Labor Law of the PRC effective on January 1, 1995 and last amended by the Standing Committee of the National People’s
Congress on December 29, 2018, enterprises and institutions must establish and improve work safety and health system, strictly enforce national
regulations and standards on work safety and health, and carry out work safety and health education for workers. Working safety and health facilities
must meet the national standard. Enterprises and institutions must provide workers with working safety and health conditions that satisfy national
provisions on labor protection.
Pursuant to the Labor Contract Law of the PRC effective on January 1, 2008 and amended by the Standing Committee of the National People’s
Congress on December 28, 2012, enterprise or organization which will establish or has established employment relationship with workers should make
it official with written employment contract. No enterprise or institution may force workers to work overtime, and employer should pay over-time fee to
workers in line with applicable national provisions.
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Pursuant to the Interim Provisions on Labor Dispatch, which were issued by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security on January 24,
2014 and came into effect on March 1, 2014, and the Labor Contract Law of the PRC, employers may only employ dispatched workers in temporary,
auxiliary or substitutable positions and the number of which shall not exceed 10% of the total number of its employees. If the employer violates the
labor dispatch regulations, the labor administrative department shall order it to make rectifications within a time limit; if it fails to make rectifications
within the time limit, penalties shall be imposed for more than RMB5,000 and less than RMB10,000 per person.
Social Insurance and Housing Provision
Pursuant to the Social Insurance Law of the PRC, which came into effect on July 1, 2011 and was amended by the Standing Committee of the
National People’s Congress on December 29, 2018, and other applicable laws and regulations, employers should purchase social insurance policies for
their employees, including basic pension policy, basic medical insurance policy, unemployment insurance policy, maternity insurance policy and work-
related injury insurance policy. If an employer fails to make timely and full payment for social insurance for its employees, it shall be demanded by the
competent social security authority to furnish payment plus the late fee within designated time period. If the employer fails to make up for the late fee
within designated time period, the administrative authorities shall impose punitive measures on the employer.
Pursuant to the Regulations on Housing Provision which were promulgated in 1999 and amended on March 24, 2002 and March 24, 2019 by the
State Council, enterprises should file for housing provision payment registration with the Housing Provision Management Center, and set up housing
provision accounts for employees at trusted banks after audited by the Housing Provision Management Center. Enterprises should make timely and full
payment for the employee housing provision.
C. Organizational Structure
The following diagram illustrates our current corporate structure, which includes our significant subsidiaries, the VIE and its material subsidiaries
as of the date of this annual report:
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Note
(1)
Shareholders of Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd., or Huiye Tianze, are: (1) Shenzhen Huidecheng Investment Development
Limited Partnership and Shenzhen Huideli Consulting Management Limited Partnership, both as our PRC ESOP holding entities, holding an
aggregate of 49.43% shares in Huiye Tianze; (2) PRC holding entities of the shareholders of our Cayman Islands holding company, holding an
aggregate of 50.57% shares in Huiye Tianze.
Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders
Due to the PRC legal restrictions on foreign ownership of internet-based businesses and qualification requirements on foreign investors in the
insurance intermediary business, we rely on certain contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders to conduct substantially all of our
operations in China. These contractual arrangements allow us to exercise effective control over the VIE, receive substantially all of the economic
benefits of the VIE and have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law.
As a result of these contractual arrangements, we expect to be regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE, and we will accordingly treat it as a
variable interest entity under U.S. GAAP. We will consolidate the financial results of the VIE and its subsidiaries in our consolidated financial
statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Below is a summary of the VIE contractual arrangements:
Agreements that Provide us with Effective Control over the VIE
Power of Attorney. On June 6, 2019, each shareholder of the VIE signed a Power of Attorney, pursuant to which each shareholder of the VIE
irrevocably authorized our WFOE or any person designated by our WFOE to act as its attorney-in-fact to exercise all of its rights as a shareholder of the
VIE, including but not limited to the right to convene and attend shareholders’ meetings, sell, transfer or pledge any of the VIE’s assets, vote on any
resolution that requires a shareholder vote, such as the appointment of legal representative, directors, and officers, as well as other shareholders’ voting
rights permitted by the articles of association of the VIE. The shareholders’ power of attorney will remain effective until the earlier of (i) the date on
which the shareholders are no longer registered shareholders of the VIE; (ii) the expiration date of the VIE; or (iii) the expiration date of term of
operation after it has been legally extended (if any), unless otherwise instructed by our WFOE in writing.
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Equity Pledge Agreement. On June 6, 2019, our WFOE entered into an equity pledge agreement with the VIE and its shareholders. Pursuant to the
equity pledge agreement, the shareholders of the VIE have pledged the 100% equity interests in the VIE to our WFOE to guarantee performance by the
shareholders of their obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, exclusive option and equity custody agreement and power of
attorney, or together referred to as the “Cooperation Agreements.” In the event of a breach by the VIE or any of its shareholders of contractual
obligations under the Cooperation Agreements or the equity pledge agreement, our WFOE, as pledgee, will have the right to dispose of the pledged
equity interests in the VIE and will have priority in receiving the proceeds from such disposal. The VIE and its shareholders also undertake that, without
the prior written consent of our WFOE, the shareholders of the VIE will not dispose of, create or allow any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests.
The equity pledge agreement will remain effective until the earlier of (i) the date on which all obligations secured have been fully paid; or (ii) the date
on which the pledgors transfer all equity interests in Huiye Tianze and our WFOE is entitled to operate our business as permitted under applicable PRC
law. As of the date of this annual report, we have completed the registration of such equity pledges with the governmental authority.
Agreement that Allows us to Receive Economic Benefits from the VIE
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement. On June 6, 2019, our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders entered into an exclusive business
cooperation agreement. Pursuant to the exclusive business cooperation agreement, our WFOE has the exclusive right to provide the VIE with
comprehensive technology and business support as well as the related consultations services required by the business of the VIE, or to appoint a third
party to provide the VIE with such services. The VIE agrees to pay our WFOE a quarterly service fee, which is at our WFOE’s discretion. Our WFOE
has the exclusive ownership of all the intellectual property rights created as a result of the performance of the exclusive business cooperation agreement
to the extent permitted by applicable PRC law. During the term of the agreements, the VIE shall not accept any consultations and/or services provided
by any third party and shall not cooperate with any third party for the provision of identical or similar services without prior written consent of our
WFOE. The exclusive business cooperation agreements will remain effective unless our WFOE exercises its exclusive option and is registered as the
sole shareholder of the VIE or otherwise terminates the agreement.
Agreement that Provides us with the Option to Purchase the Equity Interests in and Assets of the VIE
Exclusive Option and Equity Custody Agreement. On June 6, 2019, our WFOE entered into exclusive option and equity custody agreements with
the VIE and its shareholders. Pursuant to the exclusive option and equity custody agreement, each of the shareholders of the VIE has irrevocably granted
our WFOE an exclusive option to purchase, or have its designated third party to purchase, at its discretion, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or
part of his or its equity interests in the VIE and/or the assets that the VIE holds. Our WFOE or any third party designated by our WFOE may exercise
such options at the price of RMB1, or minimum price as required by PRC laws and regulations when our WFOE or any third party designated by our
WFOE exercises such options. If such price exceeds RMB1, the VIE’s shareholders shall return the excess portion to our WFOE. The shareholders of
the VIE irrevocably and without consideration granted our WFOE to take custody of their shares in the VIE, where our WFOE holds and may exercise
all shareholder’s rights of the VIE. The exclusive option and equity custody agreement will remain effective until all equity interests in the VIE and
assets of the VIE have been transferred to our WFOE or its designated third party and registered under our WFOE or its designated third party or until
our WFOE terminates the agreement unilaterally with ten days prior written notice.
In the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our PRC legal counsel:
•
the ownership structures of the VIE in China and our WFOE are not in violation of applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in
effect; and
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•
the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders governed by PRC law are currently valid and binding in
accordance with applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect, and do not result in any violation of the applicable PRC laws or
regulations currently in effect.
However, our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current
and future PRC laws, regulations and rules. Accordingly, the PRC regulatory authorities may take a view that is contrary to the opinion of our PRC legal
counsel. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to variable interest entity structures will be adopted or if adopted, what they
would provide. If we or any of the VIE are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, or fail to obtain or maintain any of
the required permits or approvals, the PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures.
See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—If the PRC government finds that the agreements that
establish the structure for operating certain of our operations in China do not comply with PRC regulations relating to insurance brokerage, insurance
agent and the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, we could be subject to severe
penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations.”
D.
Property, Plants and Equipment
Our corporate headquarter is located in Shenzhen, China. We lease office spaces in Shenzhen, Hefei, Chengdu, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou,
Tianjin, Nanjing, Suzhou, Zhengzhou, Xi’an, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Quanzhou, Nanchang, Huhehaote, Changchun, Shijiazhuang and Hong Kong from
unrelated third parties under operating lease agreements, and we do not hold any facilities of our own. We believe that our existing facilities are
generally adequate to meet our current needs, but we expect to seek additional space as needed to accommodate future growth.
ITEM 4.A. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.
OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon and should be read in conjunction with our
consolidated financial statements and their related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. This annual report contains forward-looking
statements. See “Forward-Looking Information” on page 2 of this annual report. In evaluating our business, you should carefully consider the
information provided under the caption “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors” in this annual report. We caution you that our businesses and
financial performance are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties.
A. Operating Results
Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by the general factors affecting China’s online and offline insurance industry,
including, among others, (i) China’s overall economic growth, (ii) the increase in per capita disposable income, (iii) regulatory changes, (iv) the rising
awareness of insurance and demand for insurance products, and (v) the competitive environment in China. In particular, we operate in a highly regulated
industry. The PRC government has not adopted a clear regulatory framework governing the emerging and rapidly evolving online insurance industry,
and we expect that the regulatory framework will continue to evolve for some time to come. Regulatory changes will affect the general growth as well
as the competitive landscape of the market. Staying in compliance with the regulatory requirements may result in diversion of our management team’s
attention and increased operational costs and expenses. Our ability to execute our strategies and make adjustments when necessary in a cost-efficient
manner in the changing regulatory environment is key to our future growth. Unfavorable changes in any of these general factors could materially and
adversely affect our results of operations.
While our business is influenced by general factors affecting our industry, our results of operations are more directly affected by company-specific
factors, including the following major factors:
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Offering of a Distinguishable and Popular Insurance Product Mix
We primarily generate revenues from earning brokerage income by distributing insurance products underwritten by our insurer partners. We
currently distribute two major categories of insurance products on our platform: (i) life and health insurance products, including life insurance products,
annuity insurance products, long-term health insurance products and short-term health insurance products; and (ii) property & casualty insurance
products, including travel insurance products, individual casualty insurance products and corporate insurance products. Between the two categories, life
and health insurance products accounted for 96.5%, 95.4% and 93.2% of the GWP we facilitated in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The insurance brokerage commission fees we charge are typically based on a percentage of the premiums paid by our insurance clients. Most life
and health insurance policies we sell require periodic payment of premiums, typically annually, during a pre-determined payment period, generally
ranging from 3 to 30 years. For such insurance policies we sell, insurer partners pay us a first-year commission based on a percentage of the first-year
premiums, and subsequent commissions based on a smaller percentage of the renewal premiums paid by the insurance clients in the subsequent one to
four years. Therefore, we rely on life and health insurance products to bring us a steady flow of brokerage income during the payment period of the first
two to five years, so long as the insurance clients meet their payment commitments. Moreover, the commission fee rates our insurer partners pay us for
the life and health insurance products are generally higher than those of property & casualty insurance products.
We believe that with the rising insurance awareness in China, insurance clients favor customized insurance products that cater to their
personalized protection needs. To address such needs, we cooperate with our insurer partners to design and develop tailor-made insurance products,
which contribute significantly to the GWP we facilitate, and further, to our revenues from commission fees. In 2023, approximately 52.4% of the GWP
facilitated through our platform was contributed by tailor-made insurance products that we developed together with our insurer partners.
Expansion of Our Insurance Client Base
Although we generate our revenues primarily from fees that we charge our insurer partners, their demand for our brokerage services largely
depends on our ability to help them reach and sell insurance products to insurance clients. Therefore, the size and composition of our insurance client
base on our platform significantly affect our revenues and results of operations. We need to maintain a large and loyal client base with an emphasis on
the younger generation who can bring us stable, long-term revenues. We maintain various client acquisition channels. To acquire direct client traffic, we
conduct product marketing, user education and brand advertising. We also invest in our insurance consulting capabilities to improve client conversion
rate. In addition, we partner with a large number of user traffic channels which have considerable influence over their users’ insurance purchase
decisions, and we pay them service fees for directing client traffic to our platform. We need to continually raise our brand awareness through both our
own marketing team and our user traffic channels. We have incurred significant expenses and devoted considerable resources to marketing activities and
client acquisition. In order to maintain and improve the operating efficiency of our platform, we should expand our client base efficiently without
disproportionately adding our personnel costs. To improve profitability, we need to further enhance our client acquisition efficiency, particularly in
accurate advertising and selecting and engaging effective distribution channels leveraging our big data analytics capabilities, in order to expand our
client base in a cost-effective manner.
Operating Efficiency of Our Platform
We have incurred significant costs and expenses in building our platform, growing our client base and developing capabilities in data analytics and
technology. Our business model is highly scalable and our platform is built to support our continued growth. While we expect our operating costs and
expenses to increase in absolute terms as our business expands, we also expect them to decrease as a proportion of our revenues as we improve the
operating efficiency of our platform and achieve more economies of scale. We have invested in accumulating and processing multi-dimensional client
data and transaction data, and we plan to conduct in-depth analytics and analysis of client needs that will contribute to our client acquisition and
conversion, product design and risk management capabilities, which in turn improves our overall operating margin.
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Relationship with Our Insurer Partners
As of December 31, 2023, we had contracts in effect with 123 insurer partners, including 76 life and health insurance companies and 47
property & casualty insurance companies. We cooperate with our insurer partners to offer their standard insurance products or to design and develop
tailor-made insurance products. We need to keep the growth of our business, brand influence and risk management capabilities so as to strengthen the
cooperation with our existing insurer partners while attracting more insurance companies to build cooperative relationships with us. Our growth will
also allow us to hold stronger bargaining power and be able to negotiate favorable terms in our business cooperation with insurer partners. We plan to
further diversify and expand the number of insurer partners we work with to manage any potential concentration risk. Our five largest insurer partners in
terms of operating revenue contribution aggregately accounted for 78.4%, 56.5% and 57.4% of our total operating revenue in 2021, 2022 and 2023,
respectively. We plan to adjust the structure of insurer partners we work with to an extent that is suitable for our long-term growth, while exposes us to
limited concentration risk.
Furthermore, we need to ensure the quality of services we provide to insurer partners, including system integration, product design and
development services, and risk management solutions to maintain their incentive to keep cooperating with us. We need to provide insurance clients with
a smooth insurance experience through our platform by offering a series of client services, including, among others, consulting service, intelligent
underwriting service and claim application and settlement service. Client satisfaction and positive feedback from our insurance clients encourage our
insurer partners to maintain and expand their cooperation with us.
Key Operating Metrics
We regularly review a number of operating metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends, formulate financial
projections and make strategic decisions. The principal operating metrics we consider are set forth in the table below:
GWP facilitated (million RMB)
First year premiums (million RMB)
Renewal premiums (million RMB)
Key Components of Our Results of Operations
Revenues
2021
2022
5,018.2 4,907.9 5,800.9
3,123.8 1,846.6 2,621.7
1,894.4 3,061.3 3,179.2
2023
Our revenues are derived from providing insurance brokerage services to our insurer partners, and are comprised of brokerage income and other
income. The following table sets forth the components of our revenues by amounts and percentages of our total operating revenue for the periods
presented:
2021
2022
For the Year Ended December 31,
RMB
%
RMB
%
(in thousands, except for percentages)
RMB
2023
US$
%
Operating revenue:
Life and health insurance business
Property & casualty insurance business
Brokerage income
Other income
Total operating revenue
2.7
61,486
2,170,767 96.7 1,046,469 90.3 1,043,497 146,973 87.2
8.5
2,232,253 99.4 1,108,652 95.7 1,144,533 161,204 95.7
4.3
2,245,016 100.0 1,157,908 100.0 1,195,552 168,390 100.0
5.4 101,036 14,231
49,256
62,183
51,019
12,763
7,186
4.3
0.6
Brokerage income. We derive brokerage income from commission fees generated from facilitating sales of insurance products underwritten by our
insurer partners through our platform. We facilitate sales of two major types of insurance products on our platform: (i) life and health insurance
products, including long-term health insurance products, short-term health insurance products, annuity insurance products; and (ii) property & casualty
insurance products, including travel insurance products, individual casualty insurance products and corporate insurance products.
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The commission fees we receive are based on a percentage of the premiums our insurance clients pay our insurer partners. Commission fee rates
generally depend on the type of insurance products and the particular insurer partners, and are subject to regulatory requirements. We typically receive
payment of the commission fees from insurer partners on a monthly basis. Our brokerage income is recognized when the signed insurance policy is in
place and the premiums is collected from our insurance clients.
Commission fees earned from life and health insurance products have been our primary source of revenues in recent years. Commission fees
earned from life and health insurance products accounted for 97.2%, 94.4% and 91.2% of our total brokerage income in 2021, 2022 and 2023,
respectively. As we plan to enhance our focus on life and health insurance products, particularly long-term health insurance products and further
improve our product design capabilities, we expect life and health insurance products to continue to be a major contributor to our revenues.
Other income. Other income primarily consists of service fees for consulting services, service fees from providing marketing services to our
insurer partners, and service fees from providing technology services to our insurer partners. We provide consulting services before selling insurance
products to the insured.
Operating Costs and Expenses
Operating costs and expenses consist primarily of cost of revenue, selling expenses, general and administrative expenses and research and
development expenses. The following table sets forth the components of our operating expenses by amounts and percentages of total operating cost and
expenses for the periods presented:
2021
RMB
%
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
RMB
RMB
%
(in thousands, except for percentages)
2023
US$
%
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue
Other cost
Total operating costs
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Total operating costs and expenses
(2,670)
(28,282)
(1,688,087) (71.5)
(0.1)
(1,690,757) (71.6)
(350,573) (14.9)
(8.4)
(197,619)
(5.1)
(120,478)
(729,068) (102,686) (63.7)
(1.7)
(749,006) (105,494) (65.4)
(204,261) (28,770) (17.8)
(119,404) (16,818) (10.5)
(6.3)
(71,842) (10,119)
(2,359,427) (100.0) (1,201,581) (100.0) (1,144,513) (161,201) (100.0)
(706,009) (58.7)
(2.4)
(734,291) (61.1)
(231,664) (19.3)
(154,715) (12.9)
(6.7)
(19,938)
(80,911)
(2,808)
Cost of revenue. Cost of revenue primarily consists of (i) channel cost, which is service fees paid to our user traffic channels, including social
media influencers and financial institutions under our indirect marketing, and (ii) personnel costs related to our insurance consultants, including base
salaries and performance bonuses under our direct marketing. We plan to carefully select user traffic channels we work with to achieve better client
acquisition results, and we will further improve client acquisition efficiency of each insurance consultant through enhanced training programs and
increased application of big data technologies. We expect our cost of revenue as a percentage of our total revenue will decrease.
Other cost. Our other cost primarily consists of project expenses of our technology service business and non-labor cost for our business, such as
office leasing cost. We expect our other cost to be stable in the foreseeable future as we plan to control our non-labor cost.
Selling expenses. Our selling expenses primarily consist of (i) salaries and employment benefits for sales related personnel, including sales and
marketing team, product management team and client service team for both indirect and direct marketing, (ii) advertising and marketing expenses, and
(iii) rental and utilities expenses, office expenses and traveling expenses incurred in connection with sales activities. We expect our selling expenses to
increase in absolute amounts in the foreseeable future as we seek to enhance our insurance service capabilities and increase our brand awareness, and
decrease as a percentage of our total operating costs and expenses due to improved economies of scale.
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General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) payroll and related expenses for employees
involved in general corporate functions and costs associated with the use of facilities and equipment by these functions, and (ii) professional service
expenses, surcharge from value-added tax, office expenses, rental and utilities expenses and share-based compensation expenses. We expect our general
and administrative expenses to increase in absolute amounts in the foreseeable future due to the anticipated growth of our business.
Research and development expenses. Our research and development expenses primarily consist of payroll and related expenses of research and
development personnel. We intend to continue to invest in our system supporting intelligent underwriting, policy management and claim settlement
services and our IT system, and the expenses incurred therefrom will be recorded as research and development expenses.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods presented, both in absolute amount and as a
percentage of our total operating revenue for the years presented. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements
and related notes included elsewhere in this annual report. The results of operations in any period are not necessarily indicative of our future trends.
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2023
RMB
%
RMB
%
RMB
US$
%
(in thousands, except for percentages, share and per share data)
Operating revenue:
Brokerage income
Other income
Total operating revenue
Operating costs and expenses:
Cost of revenue(1)
Other cost
Total operating costs
Selling expenses(1)
General and administrative expenses(1)
Research and development expenses(1)
Total operating costs and expenses
Operating (loss)/profit
Other income/(expenses):
Interest income/(expenses)
Unrealized exchange income/(loss)
Investment income/(loss)
Others, net
(Loss)/profit before income tax, and share of income of equity
method investee
Income tax expense
Share of income/(loss) of equity method investee
Net (loss)/profit
2,232,253 99.4 1,108,652 95.7 1,144,533 161,204 95.7
4.3
2,245,016 100.0 1,157,908 100.0 1,195,552 168,390 100.0
12,763
49,256
51,019
7,186
0.6
4.3
(2,670)
(28,282)
(1,688,087) (75.2)
(0.1)
(1,690,757) (75.3)
(350,573) (15.6)
(8.8)
(197,619)
(5.4)
(120,478)
(729,068) (102,686) (61.0)
(1.7)
(749,006) (105,494) (62.7)
(204,261) (28,770) (17.0)
(119,404) (16,818) (10.0)
(6.0)
(71,842) (10,119)
(2,359,427) (105.1) (1,201,581) (103.8) (1,144,513) (161,201) (95.7)
4.3
(706,009) (61.0)
(2.4)
(734,291) (63.4)
(231,664) (20.0)
(154,715) (13.4)
(7.0)
(114,411)
(19,938)
(43,673)
(80,911)
51,039
(2,808)
7,189
(5.1)
(3.8)
(3,206)
(59)
(5,328)
12,627
(0.1)
(0.0)
(0.2)
0.5
(5,062)
(79)
(2,216)
19,490
(0.4)
(0.0)
(0.2)
1.7
2,789
(436)
(1,656)
18,401
393
(61)
(233)
2,592
0.2
(0.0)
(0.1)
1.5
(110,377)
(4.9)
— —
0.1
(4.8)
2,660
(107,717)
(31,540)
(2.7)
— —
(0.2)
(2.9)
(2,200)
(33,740)
70,137
—
417
70,554
9,880
5.9
— —
0.0
59
5.9
9,939
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Note:
(1)
Share-based compensation expenses were allocated in operating costs and expenses as follows:
Cost of revenue
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Total
Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
2023
RMB RMB
(in thousands)
US$
(387)
11
(475) 1,041
(665) 9,151
208
(297)
(1,824) 10,411
(7)
(1)
286 40
1,997 282
(167) (24)
2,109 297
Year ended December 31, 2023 compared to year ended December 31, 2022
Operating Revenue
Our total operating revenue increased by 3.3% from RMB1,157.9 million in 2022 to RMB1,195.6 million (US$168.4 million) in 2023, driven by
the increase in our brokerage income from RMB1,108.7 million in 2022 to RMB1,144.5 million (US$161.2 million) in 2023. The increase of brokerage
income was primarily due to the increase in first year premiums facilitated through our platform from RMB1,846.6 million in 2022 to
RMB2,621.7 million (US$369.3 million) in 2023.
Operating cost and expenses
Our total operating cost and expenses decreased by 4.7% from RMB1,201.6 million in 2022 to RMB1,144.5 million (US$161.2 million) in 2023.
This decrease was primarily due to the continual improvement in our operational efficiency and the implementation of our focused cost optimization
measures in 2023.
Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue increased by 3.3% from RMB706.0 million in 2022 to RMB729.1 million (US$102.7 million) in 2023,
primarily attributable to the increase in channel cost paid to our user traffic channels for our indirect marketing.
Other cost. Our other cost decreased by 29.5% from RMB28.3 million in 2022 to RMB19.9 million (US$2.8 million) in 2023, primarily
attributable to the decrease in the project expenses relating to the technology services we provided to our insurer partners.
Selling expenses. Our selling expenses decreased by 11.8% from RMB231.7 million in 2022 to RMB204.3 million (US$28.8 million) in 2023,
accounting for 20.0% and 17.1% of the total operating revenue for the respective years. The decrease in the selling expenses was primarily attributable
to a decrease in salaries and employment benefits from RMB166.6 million in 2022 to RMB140.0 million (US$19.7 million) in 2023, which was due to a
decrease in the number of sales function personnel.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased by 22.8% from RMB154.7 million in 2022 to
RMB119.4 million (US$16.8 million) in 2023, accounting for 13.4% and 10.0% of the total operating revenue of the respective years. The decrease was
primarily attributable to a decrease in rental and utilities expenses from RMB25.1 million in 2022 to RMB11.5 million (US$1.6 million) in 2023, which
was due to a reduction in leased office space and the decrease in share-based compensation from RMB9.1 million in 2022 to RMB2.0 million (US$0.3
million) in 2023.
Research and development expenses. Our research and development expenses decreased by 11.2% from RMB80.9 million in 2022 to
RMB71.8 million (US$10.1 million) in 2023, accounting for 7.0% and 6.0% of the total operating revenue for the respective period. The decrease was
primarily attributable to the decrease in the number of research and development personnel and the decrease in technology service fees we paid to
Xiaoke Huixuan (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd. in 2023.
Operating profit
As a result of the foregoing, we recorded an operating profit of RMB51.0 million (US$7.2 million) in 2023, as compared to an operating loss of
RMB43.7 million in 2022.
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Other income
We recorded other income of RMB51.0 million (US$7.2 million) in 2023, compared to RMB49.3 million in 2022. This increase was primarily due
to the increase in marketing service fees we received from our insurer partners.
Net profit
As a result of the foregoing, we recorded a net profit of RMB70.6 million (US$9.9 million) in 2023, compared to a net loss of RMB33.7 million in
2022.
Year ended December 31, 2022 compared to year ended December 31, 2021
Operating Revenue
Our total operating revenue decreased by 48.4% from RMB2,245.0 million in 2021 to RMB1,157.9 million in 2022. This decrease was driven by
the decrease in our brokerage income from RMB2,232.3 million in 2021 to RMB1,108.7 million in 2022.
The decrease of brokerage income was primarily due to the 40.9% decrease in first year premium facilitated through our platform from
RMB3,123.8 million in 2021 to RMB1,846.6 million in 2022.
Operating cost and expenses
Our total operating cost and expenses decreased by 49.1% from RMB2,359.4 million in 2021 to RMB1,201.6 million in 2022. This decrease was
primarily due to the strategy of improving operational efficiency by executing disciplined cost control measures and implementing our group-wide
organizational structure optimization in 2022.
Cost of revenue. Our cost of revenue decreased by 58.2% from RMB1,688.1 million in 2021 to RMB706.0 million in 2022, primarily attributable
to the decrease in channel cost paid to our user traffic channels for our indirect marketing.
Other cost. Our other cost increased by 948.1% from RMB2.7 million in 2021 to RMB28.3 million in 2022, primarily attributable to the increase
in the project expenses of our technology service business.
Selling expenses. Our selling expenses decreased by 33.9% from RMB350.6 million in 2021 to RMB231.7 million in 2022, accounting for 15.6%
and 20.0% of the total operating revenue of the respective year, primarily attributable to the decrease in advertising and marketing expenses, as well as
the decrease in the number of personnel of sales function.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses decreased by 21.7% from RMB197.6 million in 2021 to
RMB154.7 million in 2022, accounting for 8.8% and 13.4% of the total operating revenue of the respective year, primarily attributable to the decrease in
salaries and employment benefits from RMB87.3 million in 2021 to RMB59.5 million in 2022, which was due to a decrease in the number of personnel
of general and administrative function, as well as decreased professional service expenses.
Research and development expenses. Our research and development expenses decreased by 32.8% from RMB120.5 million in 2021 to
RMB80.9 million in 2022, accounting for 5.4% and 7.0% of the total operating revenue of the respective period, primarily attributable to the decrease in
the number of research and development personnel in 2022.
Operating loss
As a result of the foregoing, we recorded an operating loss of RMB43.7 million in 2022, as compared to RMB114.4 million in 2021.
Other income
We recorded other income of RMB49.3 million in 2022, compared to RMB12.8 million in 2021. This increase was primarily due to the increase in
technology development service income and consulting service income.
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Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, we recorded a net loss of RMB33.7 million in 2022, compared to RMB107.7 million in 2021.
Taxation
Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation. There are no other taxes likely to
be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or
brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is a party to a double tax treaty entered into with the United Kingdom in
2010 but otherwise is not party to any double tax treaties.
Hong Kong
Our subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited, is subject to 16.5% Hong Kong profit tax on their taxable
income generated from operations in Hong Kong. Under the Hong Kong tax laws, we are exempted from the Hong Kong income tax on our foreign-
derived income. In addition, payments of dividends from our Hong Kong subsidiary to us are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax. We did not
incur such tax expense in 2021, 2022 or 2023.
PRC
Generally, our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries are subject to enterprise income tax on their taxable income in China at a statutory rate of 25%.
The enterprise income tax is calculated based on the entity’s global income as determined under PRC tax laws and accounting standards.
We are subject to value-added tax at a rate of 6% on the revenues generated from services provided in the PRC, less any deductible value-added
tax we have already paid or borne. We are also subject to surcharges on value-added tax payments in accordance with PRC law.
Dividends paid by our wholly foreign-owned subsidiary in China to our intermediary holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to a
withholding tax rate of 10%, unless the Hong Kong entity satisfies all the requirements under the Arrangement between China and the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and
receives approval from the tax authority. If our Hong Kong subsidiary satisfies all the requirements under the tax arrangement and receives approval
from the tax authority, then the dividends paid to the Hong Kong subsidiary would be subject to withholding tax at the standard rate of 5%. Effective
from November 1, 2015, the above mentioned approval requirement has been abolished, but a Hong Kong entity is still required to file application
package with the tax authority, and settle the overdue taxes if the preferential 5% tax rate is denied based on the subsequent review of the application
package by the tax authority. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Corporate Structure—We may rely principally on
dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the
ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.”
If our holding company in the Cayman Islands or any of our subsidiaries outside of China were deemed to be a “resident enterprise” under the
PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, it would be subject to enterprise income tax on its worldwide income at a rate of 25%. See “Item 3. Key Information
—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such
classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.”
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
For a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements, see Note 2(jj) to the consolidated financial statements of our company pursuant to
Item 17 of Part III of this annual report.
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B.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods presented:
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the year
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the year
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
US$
(in thousands)
(175,917)
(80,926)
141,891
(5,012)
(119,964)
728,948
608,984
(85,067)
(56,286)
(101,133)
9,587
(232,899)
608,984
376,085
137,351
(61,023)
(133,555)
2,914
(54,313)
376,085
321,772
19,345
(8,594)
(18,811)
410
(7,650)
52,970
45,320
To date, we have financed our operating and investing activities through cash generated from our operations and from historical financing
activities. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and our anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated
working capital requirements and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months.
Cash and cash equivalents. Our cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, bank deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments that
are readily convertible to known amounts of cash. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, our cash and cash equivalents were RMB381.2 million,
RMB277.2 million and RMB249.3 million (US$35.1 million), respectively.
Restricted cash. Our restricted cash was RMB227.8 million, RMB98.9 million and RMB72.0 million (US$10.1 million) as of December 31, 2021,
2022 and 2023, respectively. Our restricted cash consists of (i) unremitted net insurance premiums, (ii) pledged deposit and (iii) guarantee deposit. In
our capacity as an insurance intermediary, we collect premiums from our insurance clients and remit the premiums to the insurer partner who
underwrites the respective insurance product. Unremitted net insurance premiums are held in a fiduciary capacity until disbursed by us, and we report
the amount of such unremitted net insurance premiums as restricted cash. Unremitted net insurance premiums were RMB126.7 million,
RMB30.6 million and RMB42.1 million (US$5.9 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. During the year ended December 31,
2022, Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited, one of our subsidiaries, provided security for the loan of Shenzhen Huize Shidai Technology Co.,
Ltd., another subsidiary of our, in the form of pledged deposits with a total amount of RMB43.5 million (US$6.1 million), which was transferred to cash
and cash equivalents during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the repayment of the loan by Shenzhen Huize Shidai Technology Co., Ltd.
We pay guarantee deposit required by CBIRC in order to protect insurance premium appropriation by insurance broker. The amount of guarantee deposit
was RMB25.3 million, RMB24.9 million and RMB29.9 million (US$4.2 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Accounts receivable. Our accounts receivable was RMB777.3 million, RMB250.7 million and RMB178.3 million (US$25.1 million) as of
December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Accounts receivable primarily consists of commission fee receivable.
Account payable. Our account payable primarily consists of service fees to be paid to our user traffic channels. Our accounts payable were
RMB680.4 million, RMB262.3 million and RMB211.9 million (US$29.8 million) as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. The decrease
was primarily due to a decrease of service fees to be paid to our user traffic channels.
Insurance premium payables. Our insurance premium payables was RMB124.0 million, RMB27.6 million and RMB37.5 million (US$5.3 million)
as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. Our insurance premium payables primarily consist of insurance premiums collected on behalf of
our insurer partners but not yet remitted as of the balance sheet dates.
In the future, we may decide to enhance our liquidity position or increase our cash reserve for future investments through additional capital and
finance funding. The issuance and sale of additional equity would result in further dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would
result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will
be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
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As of December 31, 2023, 72.1% of our cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash were held in China, and 72.0% were held by the VIE and
denominated in Renminbi. Although we consolidate the results of the VIE and its subsidiaries, we only have access to the assets or earnings of the VIE
and its subsidiaries through our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholders. See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C.
Organizational Structure—Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders.” For restrictions and limitations on liquidity and capital
resources as a result of our corporate structure, see “—Holding Company Structure.”
In utilizing the proceeds we received from our initial public offering, we may make additional capital contributions to our WFOE, establish new
PRC subsidiaries and make capital contributions to these new PRC subsidiaries, make loans to our PRC subsidiary, or acquire offshore entities with
operations in China in offshore transactions. However, most of these uses are subject to PRC regulations.
See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment
in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of conversion of foreign currencies into Renminbi may delay or prevent us
from using the proceeds of our initial public offering to make loans to our WFOE and VIE or to make additional capital contributions to our PRC
subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”
A majority of our future revenues are likely to continue to be in the form of Renminbi. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations,
Renminbi may be converted into foreign exchange for current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service
related foreign exchange transactions.
We expect that substantially all of our future revenues will be denominated in Renminbi. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations,
payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be
made in foreign currencies without prior SAFE approval as long as certain routine procedural requirements are fulfilled. Therefore, our PRC subsidiary
is allowed to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior SAFE approval by following certain routine procedural requirements. However,
approval from or registration with competent government authorities is required where the Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and
remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. The PRC government may at its
discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions in the future.
Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities in 2023 was RMB137.4 million (US$19.3 million), as compared to a net profit of RMB70.6 million
(US$9.9 million) in the same period. The difference was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of RMB75.5 million (US$10.6 million) and a
decrease in prepaid expense and other receivables of RMB21.8 million (US$3.1 million), partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of
RMB50.7 million (US$7.1 million) and an increase in other payables and accrued expenses of RMB24.9 million (US$3.5 million).
Net cash used in operating activities in 2022 was RMB85.1 million, as compared to a net loss of RMB33.7 million in the same period. The
difference was primarily due to an increase in accounts payable of RMB428.6 million, a decrease in insurance premium payables of RMB96.5 million,
an increase in contract assets of RMB56.5 million and a decrease in payroll and welfare payable of RMB49.8 million, partially offset by a decrease in
accounts receivable of RMB531.0 million and a decrease in prepaid expense and other receivables of RMB22.8 million.
Net cash used in operating activities in 2021 was RMB175.9 million, as compared to a net loss of RMB107.7 million in the same period. The
difference was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of RMB545.7 million, a decrease in insurance premium payables of RMB63.2 million
and a decrease in prepaid expense and other receivables of RMB40.0 million, partially offset by an increase in accounts payable of RMB452.6 million,
an increase in other payables and accrued expenses of RMB29.9 million and an increase in payroll and welfare payable RMB25.6 million.
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Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in 2023 was RMB61.0 million (US$8.6 million), primarily due to purchase of property, equipment and
intangible assets of RMB30.5 million (US$4.3 million) and advance to a third party of RMB23.0 million (US$3.2 million).
Net cash used in investing activities in 2022 was RMB56.3 million, primarily due to acquisition of subsidiary of RMB26.0 million, purchase of
property, equipment and intangible assets of RMB16.8 million and purchase of long-term investment of RMB10.0 million in 2022.
Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 was RMB80.9 million, primarily due to purchase of property, equipment and intangible assets of
RMB38.1 million, purchase of long-term investment of RMB33.6 million and acquisition of subsidiary of RMB14.3 million in 2021.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities in 2023 was RMB133.6 million (US$18.9 million), primarily due to repayments of borrowings of
RMB161.5 million (US$22.7 million), partially offset by proceeds from borrowings of RMB37.0 million (US$5.2 million).
Net cash used in financing activities in 2022 was RMB101.1 million, primarily due to repayments of borrowings of RMB367.5 million, partially
offset by proceeds from borrowings of RMB270.2 million.
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2021 was RMB141.9 million, primarily due to proceeds from borrowings of RMB184.0 million,
partially offset by repayment of borrowings of RMB40.5 million and cash used in share repurchase of RMB3.0 million.
Capital Expenditures
Our capital expenditures primarily consist of purchases of buildings, computers, office equipment and software. Our capital expenditures were
RMB38.1 million, RMB16.8 million and RMB30.5 million (US$4.3 million) in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
Material Cash Requirements
Our material cash requirements as of December 31, 2023, and any subsequent interim period primarily include our capital expenditures, operating
lease obligations, investment commitments, short-term and long-term borrowings.
We will continue to make capital expenditures to meet the expected growth of our business. We do not have material contractual obligations
relating to our future capital expenditures.
Our operating lease obligations consist of the commitments under the lease agreements for our office premises. We lease our office facilities under
non-cancelable operating leases with various expiration dates. The majority of our operating lease commitments are related to our office lease
agreements in China. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2023:
Operating Lease Obligations
Within one year (including one year)
One to three years (including three years)
Thereafter
Total
We did not have investment commitments as of December 31, 2023.
111
Payment Due by Period
As of December 31, 2023
RMB
23,719
45,021
105,596
174,336
Table of Contents
Short-term and long-term borrowings represent bank borrowings. As of December 31, 2023, the total amount of our bank borrowings was
RMB30.0 million, all of which will mature in 2024.
We intend to fund our existing and future material cash requirements with our existing cash balance. We will continue to make cash commitments,
including capital expenditures, to support the growth of our business.
We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of any third parties. We do not have
retained or contingent interests in assets transferred. We have not entered into contractual arrangements that support the credit, liquidity or market risk
for transferred assets. We do not have obligations that arise or could arise from variable interests held in an unconsolidated entity, or obligations related
to derivative instruments that are both indexed to and classified in our own equity, or not reflected in the statement of financial position.
Other than as discussed above, we did not have any significant capital and other commitments, long-term obligations or guarantees as of
December 31, 2023.
Holding Company Structure
Huize Holding Limited is a holding company with no material operations of its own. We conduct our operations primarily through our WFOE, the
VIE and its subsidiaries in China. As a result, our ability to pay dividends depends upon dividends paid by our WFOE. If our existing PRC subsidiary or
any newly formed ones incur debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends to us.
In addition, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China are permitted to pay dividends to us only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined
in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Under PRC law, each of our subsidiaries and the VIE in China is required to set aside at
least 10% of its after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds until such reserve funds reach 50% of their registered capital. In
addition, our wholly foreign-owned subsidiaries in China may allocate a portion of their after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to
enterprise expansion funds and staff bonus and welfare funds at their discretion, and the VIE may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC
accounting standards to a surplus fund at their discretion. The statutory reserve funds and the discretionary funds are not distributable as cash dividends.
Remittance of dividends by a wholly foreign-owned company out of China is subject to examination by the banks designated by SAFE. Our WFOE
have not paid dividends and will not be able to pay dividends until they generate accumulated profits and meet the requirements for statutory reserve
funds.
C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Data and Technology” and “—Intellectual Property.”
D.
Trend Information
Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, commitments or events for the
period since January 1, 2024 that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on our net revenues, income, profitability, liquidity or capital resources,
or that would cause the disclosed financial information to be not necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.
E.
Critical Accounting Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires our management to make estimates that affect
the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, as well as the reported amounts of
revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our
financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on our own historical experience and other assumptions that we
believe are reasonable after taking account of our circumstances and expectations for the future based on available information.
We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) the accounting estimate requires us to
make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate that are
reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a
material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
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Revenue Recognition
The revenue standard requires us to estimate the amount of variable consideration to which we will be entitled. For revenue recognition, we make
estimates using surrender rate and renewal rate based on the historical experience, reasonable and supportable prediction of policy holders’ behavior,
current economic conditions and other factors that may affect the realizability of brokerage income. The transaction price includes variable service fees
which is estimated using the expected value method and is limited to the amount of variable consideration that is probable not to be reversed in future
periods. The Group assesses whether the estimate of variable consideration is constrained. Changes in estimates used in the revenue recognition have a
material impact on our financial statements. The estimation of variable consideration of revenue recognition did not change significantly throughout the
periods presented and there is no indication that this estimate will change significantly in the near future.
ITEM 6.
DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
A. Directors and Senior Management
The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this annual report.
Directors and Executive Officers
Cunjun Ma
Xuchun Luo
Bin Wei
Jun Ge
Aaron Xiaolei Hou
Li Jiang
Ronald Tam
Minghan Xiao
Hong Zhu
Age
52
54
54
51
50
53
42
50
42
Position/Title
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer
Director and Vice President
Independent Director
Independent Director
Independent Director
Chief Operating Officer
Co-Chief Financial Officer
Co-Chief Financial Officer
General Counsel
Mr. Cunjun Ma is our founder and has been chairman of our board of directors and our chief executive officer since our inception. Mr. Cunjun Ma
has over 25 years of insurance related experience, and holds exceptional insurance expertise and insights that have considerably contributed to our fast
growth and unique corporate culture. He founded Shenzhen Huize Internet Insurance Agent Co., Ltd. in 2006 and worked as its general manager until
June 2011. Prior to that, he worked as the head of a subsidiary of Hua An Property Insurance Co., Ltd. for two years. Prior to that, Mr. Ma worked at the
Shenzhen branch of Ping An Property Insurance Co., Ltd. from August 1995 to February 2004. Mr. Ma obtained an MBA degree from Nankai
University.
Ms. Xuchun Luo has served as our vise president since April 2024. Ms. Luo has over 15 years of insurance related experience, and 20 years of
accounting and financing related experience. Before joining our company, Ms. Luo worked as a department manager in Shenzhen Huize Internet
Insurance Agent Co., Ltd. from March 2007 to November 2011. Ms. Luo also worked in Hua An Property Insurance Co., Ltd. for two years. Prior to
that, Ms. Luo worked as an accountant in Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for 15 years, and as a department manager in an industrial company
for two years. Ms. Luo obtained a specialist’s degree in financial accounting from Jiangxi Radio and Television University in 2001, and a bachelor’s
degree in law from The Open University of China in 2009.
Mr. Bin Wei has served as our independent director since February 2020. Mr. Wei has over 26 years of accounting and finance related experience.
Mr. Wei has served as an asset management partner of CDH Investments Management (Hong Kong) Limited since April 2019. Prior to that, he served as
a partner at Hillhouse Capital Group from April 2018 to March 2019. Prior to that, Mr. Wei worked in China Resources (Holdings) Co., Ltd. for 16 years
from 2001 to 2017 in his capacities as director of finance, chief accountant and chief financial officer. From 1996 to 2001, Mr. Wei worked as the head
of the accounting department in Nanguang (Group) Co., Ltd. Prior to that, Mr. Wei worked in the Audit Office of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation as a civil servant from 1992 to 1996. Mr. Wei serves as directors of various companies listed on Hong Kong Stock Exchange,
including Hao Tian International Construction Investment Group Limited (HKSE: 1341) and Honghua Group Limited (HKSE: 00196). Mr. Wei has
become qualified as a Chinese CPA since 1993, a Senior Auditor in China since 2003 and a Senior Accountant in China since 2003. Mr. Wei obtained
his bachelor’s degree in auditing from Zhongnan University of Finance and Economics in 1992, and his master’s degree in Finance from Jinan
University in 2001.
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Mr. Jun Ge has served as our independent director since February 2020. Mr. Ge started his career as the engineer at Shanghai Research Institute of
Building Sciences in 1993 and worked there for three years. From 1996 to 2015, He worked at China Europe International Business School as the
administrative manager, deputy director of the corporate and public affairs department, director of the president office, the secretary general of
foundation and the assistant president. Subsequently, he acted as the president of Pudong Innovation Institute and joined Shanghai Advanced Institute of
Finance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an associate dean in 2017. He also served as the executive director of China Institute for Innovation and
Development Strategy from 2018 to 2022. Currently, Mr. Ge is the advisor to chairman of Sun YeFang Economic Science Foundation and a director of
Shanghai Guoyan Wealth Management Research Institute. Mr. Ge has been an independent non-executive director of China Mengniu Dairy Co., Ltd.
(HKSE: 2319) since December 2021, and an independent director of Shenzhen Aisidi Co., Ltd. (SZSE: 002416) since October 2022. Mr. Ge’s academic
expertise includes corporate governance, corporate stakeholder relations, innovation mechanism evaluation and economic development sustainability.
Mr. Ge obtained his bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Xiamen University in 1993.
Mr. Aaron Xiaolei Hou has served as our independent director since February 2021. He has nearly 20 years of risk management and capital
markets experience. He founded China Springs Capital Co., Ltd. in October 2016, and currently serves as its Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Investment Officer. Prior to that, he worked as the Chief Risk Officer of CITIC Securities from 2011 to 2013, and an executive director in the market
risk management division at the global headquarter of Goldman Sachs Group in New York from 2007 to 2011. Mr. Hou received his MBA degree in
finance and accounting from the University of Rochester in 2000, and a master of science degree in quantitative methods and modeling from Baruch
College of the City University of New York in 2003.
Mr. Li Jiang has served as our chief operating officer since 2015. Mr. Jiang has been working in the insurance industry since 2003. Prior to joining
our company, Mr. Jiang worked as senior manager in Starr Insurance (China) from 2009 to 2015. Prior to that, Mr. Jiang worked as senior manager in
AIG Insurance from 2003 to 2009. Before entering the insurance industry, Mr. Jiang worked as marketing manager for AirChina from 1993 to 2003.
Mr. Jiang obtained his master’s degree in marketing from Hong Kong University in 2013.
Mr. Ronald Tam has served as our co-chief financial officer since August 2020. Prior to that, Mr. Tam served as our chief strategy officer from
April 2020 to July 2020. Mr. Tam has over 15 years of experience in driving and executing corporate strategy, strategic investments, mergers and
acquisitions and capital markets transactions. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Tam served as the chief financial officer of Chong Sing Holdings
FinTech Group Limited, a Hong Kong-listed fintech group, from 2016 to 2019, and Vice President of Corporate Finance from 2014 to 2016. Prior to
that, Mr. Tam was an executive director and head of general industries investment banking for Greater China at Daiwa Capital Markets Hong Kong
Limited from 2011 to 2013. Mr. Tam was a director at Crosby Capital Partners with a focus on private equity and special situations investments from
2010 to 2011. Mr. Tam commenced his career in investment banking at Goldman Sachs (Asia) L.L.C. in Hong Kong from 2002 to 2008 in its Equity
Capital Markets and Corporate Finance groups, and advised corporate clients and financial sponsors on equity, equity-linked and M&A transactions
across industries in Asia. Mr. Tam graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor of arts degree in economics and computer science from Yale University
in 2002, and obtained Finance EMBA from Tsinghua PBC School of Finance in 2023.
Mr. Minghan Xiao has served as our co-chief financial officer since November 2016. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Xiao worked in his
capacity as chief financial officer, senior accountant or secretary of board of directors in several companies from October 2007 to May 2016. Mr. Xiao
worked in his capacity as assistant manager for Klynveld Peat Marwick Goerdeler from November 2006 to August 2007, and as senior accountant for
Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited from December 2004 to October 2006. Prior to that, Mr. Xiao worked for five years in a PRC accounting firm.
Mr. Xiao obtained his bachelor’s degree in logic from the Department of Philosophy, Peking University in 1995, and his master’s degree in logic from
the Department of Philosophy, Sun Yat-sen University in 1998.
Ms. Hong Zhu has served as our general counsel since April 2024. As the head of our legal and compliance department, Ms. Zhu is primarily
responsible for the overall management of our company’s legal and compliance matters. Ms. Zhu has over 16 years of corporate legal experience and
over 10 years of insurance related experience. Prior to joining us, she worked at CIGNA & CMC Life Insurance Co., Ltd. as a legal manager from June
2014 to September 2018. From November 2007 to June 2014, she worked at BYD Company Limited as a legal manager. Prior to that, she worked at
Guangdong Zheli Intellectual Property Office Co., Ltd. as an in-house counsel. Ms. Zhu obtained her bachelor’s degree in law from Huazhong
University of Science and Technology in 2004, and her master’s degree in international economic law from City University of Hong Kong in 2005.
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B.
Compensation
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, we paid an aggregate of RMB21 million (US$3 million) in cash to our executive officers, and paid
RMB1.4 million (US$0.2 million) to our non-executive directors. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other
similar benefits to our directors and executive officers. Our WFOE, the VIE and its subsidiaries are required by law to make contributions equal to
certain percentages of each employee’s salary for his or her pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other statutory benefits
and a housing provident fund.
Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers is
employed for a specified time period. We may terminate employment for cause, at any time, for certain acts of the executive officer, such as continued
failure to satisfactorily perform, willful misconduct or gross negligence in the performance of agreed duties, conviction or entry of a guilty or nolo
contendere plea of any felony or any misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, or dishonest act that results in material to our detriment or material of the
employment agreement. We may also terminate an executive officer’s employment without cause upon 60-day advance written notice. In such case of
termination by us, we will provide severance payments to the executive officer as may be agreed between the executive officer and us. The executive
officer may resign at any time with a 60-day advance written notice.
Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his or her employment agreement, in strict confidence
and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment or pursuant to applicable law, any of our
confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our clients or prospective clients, or the confidential or
proprietary information of any third party that we receive and for which we have confidential obligations. The executive officers have also agreed to
disclose in confidence to us all inventions, designs and trade secrets which they conceive, develop or reduce to practice during the executive officer’s
employment with us and to assign all right, title and interest in them to us, and assist us in obtaining and enforcing patents, copyrights and other legal
rights for these inventions, designs and trade secrets.
In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition and non-solicitation restrictions during the term of his or her
employment and typically for one year following the last date of employment. Specifically, each executive officer has agreed not to (i) solicit from any
client doing business with us during the effective term of the employment agreement business of the same or of a similar nature to our business;
(ii) solicit from any of our known potential client business of the same or of a similar nature to that which has been the subject of our known written or
oral bid, offer or proposal, or of substantial preparation with a view to making such a bid, proposal or offer; (iii) solicit the employment or services of, or
hire or engage, any person who is known to be employed or engaged by us; or (iv) otherwise interfere with our business or accounts, including but not
limited to with respect to any relationship or agreement between any vendor or supplier and us.
We have also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Under these agreements, we agree to
indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by
reason of their being a director or officer of our company.
Share Incentive Plans
Global Share Incentive Plan
On June 30, 2019, our shareholders and board of directors approved the Global Share Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the Global Plan in this
annual report, to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the
success of our business. The maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under Global Plan is 57,501,813 common shares.
The following paragraphs summarize the principal terms of the Global Plan.
Type of Awards. The Global Plan permits the awards of options, restricted share units and other types of share incentive awards.
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Plan Administration. Our board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board will administer the Global Plan. The plan
administrator will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the terms and
conditions of each grant.
Award Agreement. Awards granted under the Global Plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the terms, conditions and limitations
for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantee’s employment or service terminates, and
our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to our directors, employees, consultants and members.
Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement.
Exercise of Options. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the relevant award agreement. Options
that are vested and exercisable will terminate if they are not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of grant.
However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of effectiveness of the Global Plan.
Transfer Restrictions. Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the participant other than in accordance with the exceptions provided in
the Global Plan or the relevant award agreement or otherwise determined by the plan administrator, such as transfers by will or the laws of descent and
distribution.
Termination and Amendment of the Global Plan. The administrator has the authority to terminate, amend, suspend or modify the Global Plan in
accordance with our articles of association. However, no such action may adversely affect in any material way any award previously granted pursuant to
the Global Plan.
Third Amended and Restated 2019 Share Incentive Plan
On June 30, 2019, our shareholders and board of directors approved the 2019 Plan to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide
additional incentives to employees, directors and consultants, and promote the success of our business. In September 2021, May 2023 and November
2023, respectively, our board of directors approved the amendments to the 2019 Plan to increase the maximum number of Class A common shares that
may be issued under the 2019 Plan. Under the currently effective Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Class A
common shares that may be issued is initially 187,559,565, plus an annual increase on June 1 of each of 2024, 2025, 2026 and 2027, by (i) 31,351,400
Class A common shares or (ii) such number of Class A common shares as may be determined by our board of directors.
The following paragraphs summarize the principal terms of the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan.
Type of Awards. The Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan permits the awards of options, restricted shares, restricted share under other types of
share incentive awards.
Plan Administration. Our board of directors or a committee of one or more members of the board will administer the Third Amended and Restated
2019 Plan. The committee will determine the participants to receive awards, the type and number of awards to be granted to each participant, and the
terms and conditions of each grant.
Award Agreement. Awards granted under the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan are evidenced by an award agreement that sets forth the
terms, conditions and limitations for each award, which may include the term of the award, the provisions applicable in the event that the grantee’s
employment or service terminates, and our authority to unilaterally or bilaterally amend, modify, suspend, cancel or rescind the award.
Eligibility. We may grant awards to our directors, employees, consultants and members.
Vesting Schedule. In general, the plan administrator determines the vesting schedule, which is specified in the relevant award agreement.
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Exercise of Options. The plan administrator determines the exercise price for each award, which is stated in the relevant award agreement. Options
that are vested and exercisable will terminate if they are not exercised prior to the time as the plan administrator determines at the time of grant.
However, the maximum exercisable term is ten years from the date of effectiveness of the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan.
Transfer Restrictions. Awards may not be transferred in any manner by the participant other than in accordance with the exceptions provided in
the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan or the relevant award agreement or otherwise determined by the plan administrator, such as transfers by will
or the laws of descent and distribution.
Termination and Amendment of the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan. At any time and from time to time, the board may terminate, amend
or modify the plan; provided, however, that (a) to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with applicable laws or stock exchange rules, the
Company shall obtain shareholder approval of any plan amendment in such a manner and to such a degree as required, unless the Company decides to
follow home country practice, and (b) unless the Company decides to follow home country practice, shareholder approval is required for any
amendment to the plan that (i) increases the number of shares available under the plan, or (ii) permits the committee to extend the term of the plan or the
exercise period for an option beyond ten years from the date of grant.
The following table summarizes, as of February 29, 2024, the number of common shares underlying outstanding options and restricted shares that
we granted to our directors and executive officers under the Global Plan and the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan.
Name
Cunjun Ma
Xuchun Luo
Li Jiang
Ronald Tam
Minghan Xiao
Hong Zhu
Other employees
Common Shares
Underlying
Options and Restricted
Shares
Options: 7,556,701
Restricted Shares: 14,229,183
Options: 3,911,945
Options: 20,660,000
Options: 802,803
Restricted Shares: 4,054,612
Options: 1,600,000
Options: 2,200,000
Options:*
Restricted Shares: *
Options:*
Options:*
Restricted Shares: *
Options:*
Options:*
Restricted Shares: *
Options:*
Options:*
Options:*
Restricted Shares: *
Options:*
Options:*
Options: 2,396,349
Restricted Shares: 2,784,897
Options: 5,040,000
Options: 5,000,000
*
Less than 1% of our total outstanding shares.
117
Exercise
Price
(US$/Share)
0.0575
0
0.0575
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0575
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0575
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0575
0.0600
0.0575
0
0.0575
0.0600
Date of Grant
Date of Expiration
June 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
September 8, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
September 8, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
March 14, 2023
March 9, 2021
March 9, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
September 8, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2019
June 30, 2019
September 8, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2019
August 19, 2019
September 8, 2021
March 14, 2023
June 30, 2029
September 8, 2031
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
September 8, 2031
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
September 8, 2031
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
September 8, 2031
March 14, 2033
June 30, 2029
September 8, 2031
March 14, 2033
Table of Contents
As of February 29, 2024, our employees, other than our directors and executive officers, held 2,784,897 restricted shares and options to purchase
5,040,000 Class A common shares with exercise price of US$ 0.0575 per share, under the Global Plan, and options to purchase 7,396,349 Class A
common shares, with exercise price of US$0.0575 or US$0.0600 per share, under the Third Amended and Restated 2019 Plan.
C.
Board Practices
Our board of directors consists of five directors. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of qualification. A director
who, to his or her knowledge, is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement
with our company is required to declare the nature of his or her interest at a meeting of our directors at which the question of entering into the contract
or arrangement is first considered. Subject to any separate requirement for audit committee approval, the Nasdaq Global Market rules and
disqualification by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract or arrangement or proposed contract or
arrangement notwithstanding that the director may be interested therein, and if the director does so his or her vote shall be counted and the director shall
be counted in the quorum at any meeting of our directors at which any such contract or transaction or proposed contract or transaction is considered. Our
directors may exercise all the powers of our company to raise or borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets (present
and future) and uncalled capital or any part thereof, to issue debentures, debenture stock, bonds and other securities, whether outright or as collateral
security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and
corporate governance committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Each committee’s members and functions are described
below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron Xiaolei Hou. Bin Wei is the chairman of our audit committee. We
have determined that each of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron Xiaolei Hou satisfies the “independence” requirements of Nasdaq Stock Market Rules and
Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. We have determined that Bin Wei qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee oversees
our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for,
among other things:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the
independent auditors;
reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;
discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;
reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor
and control major financial risk exposures;
reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions;
meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and
monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our
procedures to ensure proper compliance.
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron Xiaolei Hou. Jun Ge is the chairman of our
compensation committee. We have determined that each of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron Xiaolei Hou satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule
5605 of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The compensation committee assists the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure,
including all forms of compensation, relating to our directors and executive officers. Our chief executive officer may not be present at any committee
meeting during which his compensation is deliberated. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
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•
•
•
•
reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other
executive officers;
reviewing and recommending to the board for determination with respect to the compensation of our non-employee directors;
reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and
selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s
independence from management.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Our nominating and corporate governance committee consists of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron
Xiaolei Hou. Aaron Xiaolei Hou is the chairperson of our nominating and corporate governance committee. Each of Bin Wei, Jun Ge and Aaron Xiaolei
Hou satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 5605 of the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. The nominating and corporate governance committee
assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its
committees. The nominating and corporate governance committee is responsible for, among other things:
•
•
•
•
selecting and recommending to the board nominees and officer nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the board;
reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge,
skills, experience and diversity;
making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board;
and
advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our
compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on
any remedial action to be taken.
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly and a duty to act
in what they consider in good faith to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. A director must
exercise the skill and care of a reasonably diligent person having both (i) the general knowledge, skill and experience that may reasonably be expected
of a person in the same position (an objective test), and (ii) if greater, the general knowledge, skill and experience that that director actually possesses (a
subjective test). In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association, as amended
and restated from time to time, and the class rights vested thereunder in the holders of the shares. In certain limited exceptional circumstances, a
shareholder may have the right to seek damages in our name if a duty owed by our directors is breached.
Our board of directors has all the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and
powers of our board of directors include, among others:
•
•
•
•
convening shareholders’ annual and extraordinary general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; declaring
dividends and distributions;
appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers;
exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and
approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such shares in our share register.
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Terms of Directors and Officers
Our directors may be elected by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. Alternatively, our board of directors may, by the affirmative vote of a
simple majority of the directors present and voting at a board meeting appoint any person as a director to fill a casual vacancy on our board. Our
directors are not automatically subject to a term of office and will hold office until such time as they resign or are removed from office by an ordinary
resolution of our shareholders. In addition, a director will cease to be a director if he (i) resigns his office by notice delivered to our company or tendered
at a board meeting; (ii) becomes of unsound mind or dies; (iii) without special leave of absence from the board of directors, is absent from meetings of
the board for six consecutive times and the board resolves that his office be vacated; (iv) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or
suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; (v) is prohibited by law from being a director; or (vi) ceases to be a director by virtue of any
provision of the Companies Act or our articles of association.
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors, and may be removed by our board of directors save that the
chairman of the board shall be elected and removed by ordinary resolution of shareholders. Executive officers, including but not limited to chief
executive officer, chief operating officer, co-chief financial officers, shall be nominated by the nominating and corporate governance committee of the
board.
Board Diversity Matrix
Country of Principal Executive Offices
Foreign Private Issuer
Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law
Total Number of Directors
Board Diversity Matrix (As of February 29, 2024)
Part I: Gender Identity
Directors
Part II: Demographic Background
Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction
LGBTQ+
Did Not Disclose Demographic Background
D.
Employees
PRC
Yes
No
5
Did Not
Disclose
Gender
0
Female
Male
Non-
Binary
1
4
0
0
0
0
As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, we had 1,644, 1,034 and 1,113 employees. The following table sets forth the numbers of our employees
categorized by function as of December 31, 2023.
Functions:
Insurance consulting
Sales, marketing and training
Client service
Product management
Research and technology
General and administrative
Total
As of December 31, 2023
Number
405
239
132
36
140
161
1113
% of Total
36.4
21.5
11.9
3.2
12.6
14.5
100.0
E.
Share Ownership
Except as specifically noted, the following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common shares on an
as-converted basis as of February 29, 2024, by:
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•
•
each of our directors and executive officers; and
each of our principal shareholders who beneficially own more than 5% of our total issued and outstanding shares.
The calculations in the table below are based on 991,905,453 common shares issued and outstanding as of February 29, 2024, including (i)
841,314,246 Class A common shares (excluding 3,619,900 Class A common shares reserved for issuance under our Global Plan and 2019 Plan, and
49,521,900 Class A common shares in the form of ADSs that we repurchased under our share repurchase program); and (ii) 150,591,207 Class B
common shares.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In computing the number of shares beneficially
owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, we have included shares that the person has the right to acquire within 60 days,
including through the exercise of any option, warrant or other right or the conversion of any other security. These shares, however, are not included in
the computation of the percentage ownership of any other person.
Directors and Executive Officers**:
Cunjun Ma(1)
Xuchun Luo
Bin Wei
Jun Ge
Aaron Xiaolei Hou
Li Jiang
Ronald Tam
Minghan Xiao
Hong Zhu
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group
Principal Shareholders:
Huidz Holding Limited(1)
Crov Global Holding Limited(2)
Wande Weirong Limited(3)
CDF Capital Insurtech Limited(4)
Bodyguard Holding Limited(5)
Common shares Beneficially Owned
Class A
Common
Shares
Class B
Common
Shares
162,493,223
18,802,105
—
—
—
*
*
*
*
203,120,216
—
155,928,400
97,125,400
80,991,300
51,396,704
150,591,207
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
150,591,207
150,591,207
—
—
—
—
% of
Total
Common
Shares
30.9
1.9
—
—
—
*
*
*
*
33.6
13.2
15.7
9.8
8.2
5.2
% of
Aggregate
Voting
Power†
77.4
*
—
—
—
*
*
*
*
77.5
72.9
5.0
3.1
2.6
1.7
*
**
†
Less than 1% of our total common shares on an as-converted basis outstanding as of February 29, 2024.
Except as indicated otherwise below, the business address of our directors and executive officers is 49/F, Building T1, Qianhai Financial Centre,
Linhai Avenue, Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen 518000, People’s Republic of China.
For each person and group included in this column, percentage of voting power is calculated by dividing the voting power beneficially owned by
such person or group by the voting power of all of our Class A and Class B common shares as a single class. In respect of all matters subject to a
shareholders’ vote, each Class A common share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B common share is entitled to 15 votes, voting together as a
single class. Each Class B common share is convertible into one Class A common share at any time at the option of the holder thereof. Class A
common shares are not convertible into Class B common shares under any circumstances.
(1) Represents (i) 21,798,646 Class A common shares issuable to Mr. Cunjun Ma upon exercise of options within 60 days after February 29, 2024; (ii)
9,321,540 Class A common shares in the form of ADSs held by Mr. Cunjun Ma; (iii) 150,591,207 Class B common shares directly held by Huidz
Holding Limited, a company incorporated in British Virgin Islands that is ultimately controlled by QYRT Family Trust, a trust established under
the laws of the British Virgin Islands and managed by HSBC International Trustee Limited as the trustee. Mr. Cunjun Ma is the settlor of the trust
and his family member(s) are the trust’s beneficiaries. Mr. Cunjun Ma also has sole voting power to 131,373,037 Class A common shares held by
other shareholders of our company, including Wande Weirong Limited, CDF Capital Insurtech Limited, Bodyguard Holding Limited, Tian Jin Kun
Zhi Enterprise Management Limited, Kaola Technology Limited, Jumi Holding Limited and One Mind Holding Limited.
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(2) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G/A filed on February 9, 2023, represents (i) 23,999,260 Class A common shares in the form of 1,199,963
ADSs and (ii) 131,929,140 Class A common shares, held by Crov Global Holding Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands.
Crov Global Holding Limited is wholly owned by Made-in-China.com LIMITED, which in turn is wholly owned by Focus Technology Co., Ltd.,
a company with its securities listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange (stock code: 002315). Mr. Jinhua Shen is the controlling shareholder and
chairperson of Focus Technology Co., Ltd. The registered address of Crov Global Holding Limited is Marcy Building, 2nd Floor, Purcell Estate,
P.O. Box 2416 Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands.
(3) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G/A filed on February 8, 2024, and information provided by Wande Weirong Limited, represents
97,125,400 Class A common shares in the form of 4,856,270 ADSs held by Wande Weirong Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin
Islands. Wande Weirong Limited is wholly owned by Jiaxing Weirong Investment Management Partnership (Limited Partnership), whose general
partner is Wanrong Times Asset Management (Xuzhou) Co., Ltd. Beijing Wanrong Times Capital Management Co., Ltd. is the controlling
shareholder of Wanrong Times Asset Management (Xuzhou) Co., Ltd. Mr. Jun Xiong is the controlling shareholder of Beijing Wanrong Times
Capital Management Co., Ltd. Mr. Jun Xiong disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares held by Wande Weirong Limited, except to the extent
of his pecuniary interests therein. The registered address of Wande Weirong Limited is Sea Meadow House, P.O. Box 116, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands. Wande Weirong Limited has, pursuant to certain irrevocable proxy and power of attorney, delegated the voting power of
5,565,380 Class A common shares to Mr. Cunjun Ma, our chairman and chief executive officer.
(4) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G/A filed on February 11, 2021, represents 80,991,300 Class A common shares held by CDF Capital
Insurtech Limited, a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands. CDF Capital Insurtech Limited is wholly owned by Tianjin
Chuangdongfang Enterprise Management Partnership (Limited Partnership), whose general partner is Mr. Ke Xiao. The registered address of CDF
Capital Insurtech Limited is Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands VG1 110. CDF
Capital Insurtech Limited has, pursuant to certain irrevocable proxy and power of attorney, delegated the voting power of 3,339,220 Class A
common shares to Mr. Cunjun Ma, our chairman and chief executive officer.
(5) Based on the statement on Schedule 13G/A filed on February 8, 2024, represents 48,744,264 Class A common shares directly held by Bodyguard
Holding Limited, an ESOP platform for the restricted share award of our company or on behalf of certain director, and 2,652,440 Class A common
shares held by Bodyguard Holding Limited in the form of ADSs. The restricted shares are granted to certain directors, management and key
employees of our company who are shareholders of Bodyguard Holding Limited. The sole voting power of these Class A common shares has been
delegated to Mr. Cunjun Ma. See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Share Incentive Plans” for details.
The address of Bodyguard Holding Limited is Commerce House, Wickhams Cay 1, P.O. Box 3140, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands
VG1 110.
To our knowledge, as of February 29, 2024, 617,699,640 of our common shares were held by one record holder in the United States, which was
Citibank N.A., the depositary of our ADS program. The number of beneficial owners of our ADSs in the United States is likely to be much larger than
the number of record holders of our common shares in the United States.
Our common shares are divided into Class A common shares and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A common shares are entitled to one
vote per share, while holders of Class B common shares are entitled to fifteen votes per share.
We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.
F.
Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation
Not applicable.
ITEM 7. MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
A. Major Shareholders
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—E. Share Ownership.”
B.
Related Party Transactions
Contractual Arrangements with The VIE and Its Shareholders
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—C. Organizational Structure.”
Shareholders Agreement and Registration Rights
We entered into a shareholders agreement with our shareholders on June 4, 2019 that provides for certain shareholders’ rights, including
registration rights, information and inspection rights, right of participation, right of first refusal and right of co-sale, and contains provisions governing
our board of directors and other corporate governance matters. Such shareholder rights and corporate governance provisions, other than the registration
rights, automatically terminated upon the completion of our initial public offering.
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Set forth below is a description of the registration rights granted under the shareholders agreement that survives our initial public offering.
Demand Registration Rights
Holders of at least 33% of the registrable securities then outstanding have the right to demand that we file a registration statement covering the
registrable securities that the holders request to be registered. We have the right to defer filing of a registration statement for a period of not more than
ninety (90) days after the receipt of the request of the initiating holders if we furnish to the holders requesting registration a certificate signed by our
president or chief executive officer stating that in the good faith judgment of our board of directors, it would be materially detrimental to us and our
shareholders for such registration statement to be filed at such time. However, we cannot exercise the deferral right for a period more than ninety
(90) days after receipt of the request of the holder. We are obligated to effect no more than three demand registrations, other than demand registration to
be effected pursuant to registration statement on Form F-3, for which an unlimited number of demand registrations shall be permitted.
Piggyback Registration Rights
If we propose to file a registration statement for a public offering of our securities, we must offer our shareholders an opportunity to include in the
registration all or any part of the registrable securities held by such holders. If the managing underwriters of any underwritten offering determine in good
faith that marketing factors require a limitation of the number of shares to be underwritten, and the number of shares that may be included in the
registration and the underwriting shall be allocated first, to us, second, to each of the holders requesting inclusion of their registrable securities in a
registration statement on a pro rata basis based on the total number of shares of registrable securities then held by each such holder, and third, to holders
of our other securities.
Form F-3 Registration Rights
Holders of at least 33% of the registrable securities then outstanding may request us in writing to file an unlimited number of registration
statements on Form F-3. We shall effect the registration of the securities on Form F-3 as soon as practicable, except in certain circumstances.
Expenses of Registration
We will pay all expenses, other than the underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to the sale of registrable securities pursuant to
the registration rights (which will be borne by the holders requesting registration on a pro rata basis in proportion to their respective numbers of
registrable securities sold in such registration), incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications pursuant to the registration rights,
including all registration, filing and qualification fees, printers’ and accounting fees, fees and disbursements of counsel for us and reasonable fees and
disbursement of one counsel for all selling holders. However, we are not obligated to pay any expenses of any registration proceeding if the registration
request is subsequently withdrawn at the request of a majority-in-interest of the holders requesting such registration.
Termination of Obligations
The registration rights set forth above will terminate on the earlier of (i) February 14, 2025, being the date that is five years after the closing our
initial public offering, and (ii) with respect to any holder, the date on which such holder may sell all of such holder’s registrable securities under Rule
144 of the Securities Act in any ninety-day period.
Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Employment Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.”
Share Incentive Plans
See “Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees—B. Compensation—Share Incentive Plans.”
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Other Transactions with Related Parties
For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, Xiaoke Huixuan (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd., a company that we have significant
influence on, provided technology services to our company. As of December 31, 2023, we had service fee due to Xiaoke Huixuan (Shenzhen)
Technology Co., Ltd. of RMB2,000.0 thousand (US$281.7 thousand).
For the year ended December 31, 2023, Huibao Huipei (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd, a company that we have significant influence over,
provided user traffic channels service to our company. As of December 31, 2023, we had service fee due to Huibao Huipei (Shenzhen) Technology Co.,
Ltd. of RMB450.8 thousand (US$63.5 thousand).
As of December 31, 2023, we had RMB383.4 thousand (US$54.0 thousand) due from shareholders, which represented the advance miscellaneous
fees of RMB106.5 thousand (US$15.0 thousand) for shareholders, and the advance service fees of RMB276.9 thousand (US$39.0 thousand) for Huibao
Huipei (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd, a company that we have significant influence over.
C.
Interests of Experts and Counsel
Not applicable.
ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information
We have appended consolidated financial statements filed as part of this annual report.
Legal Proceedings
We are currently not involved in any material legal or administrative proceedings. From time to time, we may be subject to various legal or
administrative claims and proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business. Such legal or administrative claims and proceedings, even if without
merit, could result in the expenditure of financial and management resources and potentially result in civil liability for damages.
Dividend Policy
Our board of directors has discretion as to whether to declare dividends subject to certain requirements of the Companies Act. Our articles of
association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the profits of our company, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside from
profits which the directors determine is no longer needed. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or
account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Act. Under the Companies Act, no distribution or dividend may be
paid out of the share premium account unless, immediately following the date on which the distribution or dividend is proposed to be paid, the company
shall be able to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if we decide to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will
depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors
that the board of directors may deem relevant.
We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our common shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if
not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. We may rely on dividends from our subsidiaries in China for our cash
requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us. See
“Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations—Regulations on Foreign Exchange.”
If we pay any dividends on our common shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the common shares underlying the
ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such common shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion
to the common shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses
payable thereunder. See “Item 12. Description of Securities other than Equity Securities—D. American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends on our
common shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
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B.
Significant Changes
Except as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we have not experienced any significant changes since the date of our audited consolidated
financial statements included in this annual report.
ITEM 9.
THE OFFER AND LISTING
A. Offering and Listing Details
Our ADSs, each representing 20 Class A common shares, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since February 11, 2020, under the
symbol “HUIZ.”
B.
Plan of Distribution
Not applicable.
C. Markets
Our ADSs, each representing 20 Class A common shares, have been listed on the Nasdaq Global Market since February 11, 2020, under the
symbol “HUIZ.”
D.
Selling Shareholders
Not applicable.
E.
Dilution
Not applicable.
F.
Expenses of the Issue
Not applicable.
ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
A.
Share Capital
Not applicable.
B. Memorandum and Articles of Association
The following are summaries of material provisions of our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and the
Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our common shares. Neither our certificate of incorporation nor our memorandum and
articles of association contains any charter of the Chinese Communist party or any text thereof.
Common Shares
General. Holders of Class A common shares and Class B common shares generally have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights.
All of our outstanding common shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the common shares are issued in registered form. Our
shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and transfer their common shares in accordance with the articles of
association of the company.
Dividends. The holders of our common shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. Our third amended and
restated articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of our profits, realized or unrealized, or from any reserve set aside
from profits which our board of directors determine is no longer needed. Dividends may also be declared and paid out of share premium account or any
other fund or account which can be authorized for this purpose in accordance with the Companies Act. Holders of Class A common shares and Class B
common shares will be entitled to identical rights to dividends, if declared.
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Voting Rights. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders’ vote, each Class A common share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B
common share is entitled to fifteen (15) votes, voting together as one class. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by show of hands unless a poll is
demanded. A poll may be demanded by the chairman of such meeting or any one or more shareholders who together hold not less than 10% of the
nominal value of the total issued voting shares of our company present in person or by proxy. An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the
shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the common shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution
requires the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the outstanding common shares at a meeting. A special resolution
will be required for important matters such as a change of name or making changes to our third amended and restated memorandum and articles of
association.
Conversion. Each Class B common share is convertible into one Class A common share at any time at the option of the holder thereof. Class A
common shares are not convertible into Class B common shares under any circumstances. Upon any transfer of Class B common shares by a holder to
any person or entity which is not an affiliate of such holder, such Class B common shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the
equivalent number of Class A common shares.
Transfer of Common Shares. Subject to the restrictions contained in our third amended and restated articles of association, any of our
shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her common shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved
by our board of directors.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any common share which is not fully paid up or on which
we have a lien, among others. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any common share unless:
•
•
•
•
•
the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the common shares to which it relates and such other
evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer;
the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of common shares;
the instrument of transfer is duly and properly stamped, if required;
in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the common share is to be transferred does not exceed four;
and
a fee of such maximum sum as the Nasdaq may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require
is paid to us in respect thereof.
If our directors refuse to register a transfer, they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to
each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required of the Nasdaq, be suspended and the register of members closed at
such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine; provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not
be suspended nor the register of members closed for more than 30 days in any year as our board may determine.
Liquidation. On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of common shares), assets
available for distribution among the holders of common shares shall be distributed among the holders of the common shares on a pro rata basis. If our
assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our
shareholders proportionately. Any distribution of assets or capital to a holder of a Class A common share and a holder of a Class B common share will
be the same in any liquidation event.
Calls on Common Shares and Forfeiture of Common Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for
any amounts unpaid on their common shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 clear days prior to the specified time of payment. The
common shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
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Redemption of Common Shares. The Companies Act and our third amended and restated articles of association permit us to purchase our own
shares. In accordance with our third amended and restated articles of association and provided the necessary shareholders or board approval have been
obtained, we may issue shares on terms that are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in
such manner, including out of capital, as may be determined by our board of directors.
Variations of Rights of Shares. All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies
Act, be varied with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon
the holders of the shares of any class issued shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to
be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
General Meetings of Shareholders
A majority of the board or the chairman of the board may call general meetings, and they shall on a shareholders’ requisition forthwith proceed to
convene an extraordinary general meeting of our company. A shareholders’ requisition is a requisition of shareholders holding at the date of deposit of
the requisition shares which carry in aggregate not less than forty per cent (40%) of all votes attaching to all issued shares of our company that as at the
date of the deposit carry the right to vote at general meetings of the company.
Advance notice of at least ten clear days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting and any other general meeting
of our shareholders but a general meeting may be called by shorter notice, subject to the Companies Act, if it is so agreed:
(a)
(b)
in the case of a meeting called as an annual general meeting, by all the shareholders entitled to attend and vote thereat; and
in the case of any other meeting, by a majority of the shareholders having the right to attend and vote at the meeting together holding not
less than forty per cent. (40%) of all votes attaching to all the issued shares giving that right.
A quorum is required for and throughout a meeting of shareholders consists of at least one shareholder entitled to vote and present in person or by
proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorized representative representing not less than one-third of all voting power
of our share capital in issue.
Inspection of Books and Records
The notice of registered office is a matter of public record. A list of the names of the current directors and alternate directors (if applicable) are
made available by the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands for inspection by any person on payment of a fee. The register of mortgages and
charges is open to inspection by creditors and members of the company.
Holders of our common shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our
corporate records. However, we will in our articles provide our shareholders with the right to inspect our list of shareholders subject to the provisions of
the articles and to receive annual audited financial statements.
Changes in Capital
We may from time to time by ordinary resolution:
•
•
increase the share capital by such sum, to be divided into shares of such classes and amount, as the resolution shall prescribe;
consolidate and divide all or any of our share capital into shares of a larger amount than our existing shares;
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•
•
sub-divide our existing shares, or any of them into shares of a smaller amount; or
cancel any shares which, at the date of the passing of the resolution, have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish
the amount of our share capital by the amount of the shares so canceled.
However, no alteration contemplated above, or otherwise, may be made to the par value of the Class A common shares or Class B common shares
unless an identical alteration is made to the par value of the Class B common shares or Class A common shares, as the case may be.
We may by special resolution, subject to any confirmation or consent required by the Companies Act, reduce our share capital or any capital
redemption reserve in any manner permitted by law.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and
non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their
undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or
more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the
consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of
merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other
authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan must be filed with the Registrar of Companies
of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each
constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each
constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required
for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of
shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that
member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety
percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a
court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to
payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the
merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of
dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of
holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate
the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by seventy-five per
cent in value of the members or class of members, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made and a majority in number of each class
of creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent seventy-five per cent in value of each such class of creditors,
as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the
meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right
to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
•
the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
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•
•
•
the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of
the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and
the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of a dissentient minority
shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may,
within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares
to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of
an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted,
in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, save that objectors
to a takeover offer may apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for various orders that the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands has a broad
discretion to make, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive
payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
The Companies Act also contains statutory provisions which provide that a company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman
Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company (a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts within the
meaning of section 93 of the Companies Act; and (b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either, pursuant
to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring. The petition may be presented by a company acting by its
directors, without a resolution of its members or an express power in its articles of association. On hearing such a petition, the Cayman Islands court
may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer or make any other order as the court thinks fit.
Exempted Company
We are an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the Companies Act. The Companies Act in the Cayman Islands
distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts
business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are
essentially the same as for an ordinary company except for the exemptions and privileges listed below:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
an exempted company does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies;
an exempted company’s register of members is not required to be open to inspection;
an exempted company does not have to hold an annual general meeting;
an exempted company may issue no par value shares;
an exempted company may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20
years in the first instance);
an exempted company may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands;
an exempted company may register as a limited duration company; and
an exempted company may register as a segregated portfolio company or special economic zone company.
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“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on the shares of the company.
We are subject to reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. We currently intend to
comply with the Nasdaq rules in lieu of following home country practice. The Nasdaq rules require that every company listed on the Nasdaq hold an
annual general meeting of shareholders. In addition, our articles of association allow directors to call extraordinary meeting of shareholders pursuant to
the procedures set forth in our articles.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act (As Revised) is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent United
Kingdom statutory enactments, and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act (As Revised) and the current Companies
Act of England.
In addition, the Companies Act (As Revised) differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a
summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act (As Revised) applicable to us and the laws applicable to United
States corporations and companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements
The Companies Act (As Revised) permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands
companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (1) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the
vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company and (2) a “consolidation” means the
combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such
companies in the consolidated company.
In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or
consolidation, which must then be authorized by (1) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (2) such other
authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed
with the Registrar of Companies together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and
liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and
creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Dissenting
shareholders have the right to be paid the fair value of their shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands
court) if they follow the required procedures, subject to certain exceptions. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected
in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of
shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that
member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90% of the
votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a
court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to
payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the
merger or consolidation, provide the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter
rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding
shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
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Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act (As Revised) also contains statutory provisions
that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by (a)
75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, or (b) a majority in number
representing 75% in value of the creditors or each class of creditors, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made, that are, in each
case, present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and
subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to
the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the Grand Court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
•
•
•
•
the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met;
the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of
the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class;
the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and
the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act.
The Companies Act (As Revised) also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient
minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the
offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer
such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in
the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted,
in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, save that objectors
to a takeover offer may apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for various orders that the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands has a broad
discretion to make, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive
payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
Shareholders’ Suits
In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not
be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman
Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the
exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of our
company to challenge actions where:
•
•
•
an act which is ultra vires or illegal and is therefore incapable of ratification by the shareholders;
the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not
been obtained; and
an act which constitute a fraud against the minority where the wrongdoer are themselves in control of the company.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of
officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to
provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime.
Our memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in
their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from dishonesty or fraud of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally
the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.
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In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional
indemnification beyond that provided in our memorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under
the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the
Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties
Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two
components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent
person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material
information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction.
The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He or she
must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of
the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the
shareholders generally.
In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken
was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should
such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction and that the
transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and
therefore it is considered that he or she owes the following duties to the company:
•
•
•
•
a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company,
a duty not to make a personal profit based on his or her position as director (unless the company permits him or her to do so),
a duty not to put himself or herself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his or her personal interest or his or her
duty to a third party, and
a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended.
A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty of care, diligence and skill. It was previously considered that a director need
not exhibit in the performance of his or her duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his or her knowledge and
experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these
authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its
certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our currently effective memorandum and articles of association provide that our shareholders may
not approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of all shareholders who would have been entitled to vote
on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.
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Shareholder Proposals
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided
it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person
authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Companies Act (As Revised) does not provide shareholders with an express right to put forth any proposal before a general meeting of the
shareholders. However, the Companies Act (As Revised) may provide shareholders with limited rights to requisition a general meeting but such rights
must be stipulated in the articles of association of the company.
Our currently effective memorandum and articles provide that any one or more shareholders holding not less than forty per cent of all votes
attaching to all issued shares of the Company at the date of deposit of the requisition shall at all times have the right, by written requisition to the board
of directors or the secretary of the company, to require an extraordinary general meeting to be called by the board of directors for the transaction of any
business specified in such requisition.
Cumulative Voting
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for election of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of
incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors
since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s
voting power with respect to electing such director.
There are no prohibitions relating to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands, but our memorandum and articles of association do
not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a
Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the
approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our memorandum and
articles of association, directors may be removed by an ordinary resolution of shareholders.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders
The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the
corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in
certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An
interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting shares within the
past three years.
This statute has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not
be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors
approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any
potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware
business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders,
it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and for a proper purpose and not with the effect
of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
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Restructuring
A company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the
company:
(a)
(b)
is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts; and
intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a
foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring.
The Grand Court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer upon hearing of such petition, with such powers and
to carry out such functions as the court may order. At any time (i) after the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer but
before an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer has been made, and (ii) when an order for the appointment of a restructuring officer is
made, until such order has been discharged, no suit, action or other proceedings (other than criminal proceedings) shall be proceeded with or
commenced against the company, no resolution to wind up the company shall be passed, and no winding up petition may be presented against the
company, except with the leave of the court. However, notwithstanding the presentation of a petition for the appointment of a restructuring officer or the
appointment of a restructuring officer, a creditor who has security over the whole or part of the assets of the company is entitled to enforce the security
without the leave of the court and without reference to the restructuring officer appointed.
Dissolution; Winding Up
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by
shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved
by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a
supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.
Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its
members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number
of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the
outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law and our memorandum and
articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, we may vary the rights attached to any class with the sanction of
a special resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the
outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise.
Under Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders
There are no limitations imposed by our memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or
exercise voting rights on our shares.
In addition, there are no provisions in our memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder
ownership must be disclosed.
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Inspection of Books and Records
Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, any shareholder of a corporation may for any proper purpose inspect or make copies of the
corporation’s stock ledger, list of shareholders and other books and records.
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other
than the memorandum and articles of association, the register of mortgages and charges and any special resolutions passed by our shareholders) or
obtain copies of the list of shareholders of these companies. However, we intend to provide our shareholders with annual reports containing audited
financial statements.
C. Material Contracts
We have not entered into any material contracts other than in the ordinary course of business and other than those described in “Item 4.
Information on the Company,” “Item 7. Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions—B. Related Party Transactions” or elsewhere in this annual
report.
D.
Exchange Controls
See “Item 4. Information on the Company—B. Business Overview—Regulations—Regulations on Foreign Exchange.”
E.
Taxation
The following summary of the Cayman Islands, PRC and U.S. federal income tax considerations of an investment in the ADSs or Class A
common shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this registration statement, all of which are subject to
change. This summary does not deal with all possible tax considerations relating to an investment in the ADSs or Class A common shares, such as the
tax considerations under U.S. state and local tax laws or under the tax laws of jurisdictions other than the Cayman Islands, the People’s Republic of
China and the United States.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no
taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to holders of our ADSs or common shares levied by
the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within
the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands are a party to a double tax treaty entered into with the United Kingdom in 2010 but
otherwise is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our common shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will
be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our common shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our common shares
be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
People’s Republic of China Taxation
The following discussion is the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our legal counsel as to PRC Law. Under the PRC Enterprise
Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within the PRC is
considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax at the rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define
the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control over and overall management of the business, production,
personnel, accounts and properties, etc. of an enterprise. In April 2009, the State Administration of Taxation issued a circular, as amended in November
2013 and partially invalid, known as SAT Circular 82, which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body”
of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by
PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect the
State Administration of Taxation’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status
of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group
will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China only if all of the following conditions are met:
(i) the primary location where the senior executives and the corresponding executive departments perform their duty of day-to-day operational
management is in the PRC; (ii) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by
organizations or personnel in the PRC; (iii) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder
resolutions are located or maintained in the PRC; and (iv) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in the PRC.
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Huize Holding Limited is not controlled by a PRC enterprise or PRC enterprise group and we do not believe that Huize Holding Limited meets all
of the conditions above. Huize Holding Limited is a company incorporated outside the PRC. As a holding company, its key assets are its ownership
interests in its subsidiaries, and its key assets are located, and its records (including the resolutions of its board of directors and the resolutions of its
shareholders) are maintained, outside the PRC. In the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our legal counsel as to PRC law, it is more likely
than not that Huize Holding Limited will not be deemed as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. As such, holders of the ADSs and common
shares who are not PRC residents likely will not be subject to PRC income tax on dividends distributed by us or gains realized from the sale or other
disposition of our shares or ADSs. However, under SAT Bulletin 7 and the Circular on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Enterprise Income Tax at
Source on Non-PRC Resident Enterprises issued by the State Taxation Administration on October 17, 2017 and amended on June 15, 2018, or SAT
Bulletin 37, where a non-resident enterprise conducts an “indirect transfer” by transferring taxable assets, including, in particular, equity interests in a
PRC resident enterprise, indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, the non-resident enterprise, being the transferor,
or the transferee, or the PRC entity which directly owns such taxable assets may report to the tax authority such indirect transfer. Using a “substance
over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose
and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to
PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes,
currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise. We and our non-PRC resident investors may be at risk of being
required to file a return and being taxed under SAT Bulletin 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, and we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply
with SAT Bulletin 7 and SAT Bulletin 37, or to establish that we should not be taxed under these circulars. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfers of equity interests in PRC resident
enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.” However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax
authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” There can be no assurance that the PRC
government will ultimately take a view that is consistent with us.
Our PRC legal counsel has also advised us that, there is a risk that the PRC tax authorities may deem us as a PRC resident enterprises since a
substantially majority of the members of our management team are located in China. If the PRC tax authorities determine that Huize Holding Limited is
a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we may be required to withhold a 10% withholding tax from dividends we pay to our
shareholders that are non-resident enterprises, including the holders of the ADSs. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including the ADS
holders) may be subject to a 10% PRC tax on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or common shares, if such income is treated as
sourced from within the PRC. It is unclear whether our non-PRC individual shareholders (including the ADS holders) would be subject to any PRC tax
on dividends or gains obtained by such non-PRC individual shareholders in the event we are determined to be a PRC resident enterprise. If any PRC tax
were to apply to such dividends or gains, it would generally apply at a rate of 20% unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is
also unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of Huize Holding Limited would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of
tax residence and the PRC in the event that Huize Holding Limited is treated as a PRC resident enterprise. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk
Factors—Risks Relating to Doing Business in China—If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification
could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.”
United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following discussion is a summary of U.S. federal income tax considerations generally applicable to the ownership and disposition of our
ADSs or common shares by a U.S. Holder (as defined below) that acquires and holds our ADSs or common shares as “capital assets” (generally,
property held for investment) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. This discussion is based upon existing U.S.
federal tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect, and there can be no assurance that the Internal
Revenue Service, or the IRS, or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion, moreover, does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift,
Medicare tax on certain net investment income, and minimum tax considerations, backup withholding and information reporting requirements, including
pursuant to sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, or any state, local and non-U.S. tax considerations, relating to the ownership or disposition of our
ADSs or common shares. The following summary does not address all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to particular
investors in light of their individual circumstances or to persons in special tax situations such as:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
banks and other financial institutions;
insurance companies;
pension plans;
cooperatives;
regulated investment companies;
real estate investment trusts;
broker-dealers;
traders that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;
certain former U.S. citizens or long-term residents;
tax-exempt entities (including private foundations);
persons liable for minimum tax;
persons who acquire their ADSs or common shares pursuant to any employee share option or otherwise as compensation;
investors that will hold their ADSs or common shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated
transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar;
persons that actually or constructively own ADSs or common shares representing 10% or more of our stock (by vote or value); or
partnerships or other entities taxable as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or persons holding ADSs or common shares
through such entities;
all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those discussed below.
Each U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the application of U.S. federal taxation to its particular circumstances, and the state,
local, non-U.S. and other tax considerations of the ownership and disposition of our ADSs or common shares.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ADSs or common shares that is, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes:
•
•
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of the
United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia;
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•
•
an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and which has one or more U.S. persons who
have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person
under the Code.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. Holder of ADSs will generally be treated as the beneficial owner of the underlying shares
represented by the ADSs. The remainder of this discussion assumes that a U.S. Holder of our ADSs will be treated in this manner. Accordingly, deposits
or withdrawals of common shares for ADSs generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations
A non-U.S. corporation, such as our company, will be classified as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if, applying
applicable look-through rules, either (i) 75% or more of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (ii) 50% or more
of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for
the production of passive income. For this purpose, cash and assets readily convertible into cash are categorized as passive assets and the company’s
goodwill and other unbooked intangibles not reflected on its balance sheet are taken into account. Passive income generally includes, among other
things, dividends, interest, income equivalent to interest, rents, royalties, and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning a
proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25%
or more (by value) of the stock.
Although the law in this regard is not entirely clear, we treat our consolidated VIE as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes
because we control its management decisions and are entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits associated with it, and, as a result, we
consolidate its results of operations in our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial statements. If it were determined, however, that we are not the owner of
the consolidated VIE for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the composition of our income and assets would change and we may be treated as a PFIC for
the current taxable year and any subsequent taxable year.
Assuming that we are the owner of the VIE (including its subsidiaries) for United States federal income tax purposes, we do not believe we were a
PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2023. No assurance can be given with regard to our PFIC status for the current or any future taxable year
because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC for any taxable year is a factual determination made annually that will depend, in
part, upon the composition and classification of our income, assets and liabilities. It is possible that the IRS may challenge our classification of certain
items of income, assets and liabilities, which may result in our company being or becoming a PFIC. Furthermore, fluctuations in the market price of our
ADSs may cause us to be classified as a PFIC for the current or future taxable years because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test,
including the value of our goodwill and other unbooked intangibles, may be determined by reference to the market price of our ADSs from time to time
(which may be volatile). In particular, recent declines in the market price of our ADSs significantly increased our risk of becoming a PFIC for the
current taxable year. The market price of our ADSs may continue to fluctuate considerably and, consequently, we cannot assure you of our PFIC status
for any taxable year. In addition, the composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets.
Under circumstances where our revenue from activities that produce passive income significantly increases relative to our revenue from activities that
produce non-passive income, or where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of becoming classified as a
PFIC may substantially increase.
If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or common shares, we will generally continue to be treated as a PFIC
for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or common shares.
The discussion below under “—Dividends” and “—Sale or Other Disposition” is written on the basis that we will not be or become classified as a
PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The U.S. federal income tax rules that apply generally if we are treated as a PFIC are discussed below under
“—Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules.”
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Dividends
The gross amount of any distributions paid on our ADSs or common shares (including the amount of any PRC tax withheld) out of our current or
accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, will generally be includible in the gross income of a U.S.
Holder as dividend income on the day actually or constructively received by the U.S. Holder, in the case of common shares, or by the depositary, in the
case of ADSs. Because we do not intend to determine our earnings and profits on the basis of U.S. federal income tax principles, any distribution we pay
will generally be treated as a “dividend” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Dividends received on our ADSs or common shares will not be eligible
for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from U.S. corporations.
Individuals and other non-corporate U.S. Holders will be subject to tax on any such dividends at the lower capital gains tax rate applicable to
“qualified dividend income,” provided that certain conditions are satisfied, including that (1) our ADSs or common shares on which the dividends are
paid are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or, in the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise
under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, we are eligible for the benefit of the U.S.-PRC income tax treaty, or the Treaty, (2) we are neither a PFIC nor
treated as such with respect to a U.S. Holder (as discussed below) for the taxable year in which the dividend is paid and the preceding taxable year, and
(3) certain holding period requirements are met. For this purpose, ADSs listed on the Nasdaq Global Market will generally be considered to be readily
tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Since we do not expect that our common shares will be listed on an established
securities market in the United States, it is unclear whether dividends that we pay on our common shares that are not represented by ADSs currently
meet the conditions required for these reduced tax rates. In addition, however, as described above, in January 2024 we received communications from
the Nasdaq notifying us that we were not in compliance with certain Nasdaq Global Market continued listing standards, and if we fail to satisfy such
requirements and fail to regain compliance on a timely basis, our ADSs could be delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market. See “Item 3. Key Information
—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to our ADSs.” If our ADSs are delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market and are not otherwise readily tradable on an
established securities market in the United States, dividends received on our ADSs would generally not be eligible to be taxed as dividend income from
a qualified foreign corporation. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with
respect to our ADSs or common shares.
In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law (see “Item 10. Additional Information
—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China Taxation”), we may be eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. If we are eligible for such benefits, dividends
we pay on our common shares, regardless of whether such shares are represented by the ADSs, and regardless of whether our ADSs are readily tradable
on an established securities market in the United States, would be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation described in the preceding paragraph.
For U.S. foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on our ADSs or common shares will generally be treated as income from foreign sources and
will generally constitute passive category income. In the event that we are deemed to be a PRC resident enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax
Law, a U.S. Holder may be subject to PRC withholding taxes on dividends paid on our ADSs or common shares (see “Item 10. Additional Information
—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China Taxation”). Depending on the U.S. Holder’s particular facts and circumstances and subject to a number of
complex conditions and limitations, PRC withholding taxes on dividends that are non-refundable under the Treaty may be treated as foreign taxes
eligible for a foreign tax credit against a U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability. A U.S. Holder who does not elect to claim a foreign tax credit
for foreign tax withheld may instead claim a deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes, in respect of such withholding, but only for a year in which
such holder elects to do so for all creditable foreign income taxes. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and U.S. Holders are urged to
consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.
Sale or Other Disposition
A U.S. Holder will generally recognize gain or loss upon the sale or other disposition of ADSs or common shares in an amount equal to the
difference between the amount realized upon the disposition and the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such ADSs or common shares. The gain or loss will
generally be capital gain or loss. Any capital gain or loss will be long term if the ADSs or common shares have been held for more than one year at the
time of disposition. The deductibility of a capital loss may be subject to limitations.
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As described in “Item 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China Taxation,” if we are deemed to be a PRC resident
enterprise under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, gains from the disposition of the ADSs or common shares may be subject to PRC income tax and
will generally be United States source, which may limit the ability to receive a foreign tax credit. If a U.S. Holder is eligible for the benefits of the
Treaty, such holder may be able to elect to treat such gain as PRC source income under the Treaty. Pursuant to Treasury regulations, however, if a U.S.
Holder is not eligible for the benefits of the Treaty or does not elect to apply the Treaty, then such holder may not be able to claim a foreign tax credit
arising from any PRC tax imposed on the disposition of the ADSs or common shares. The rules regarding foreign tax credits and deduction of foreign
taxes are complex. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the tax consequences if a foreign tax is imposed on a disposition of our
ADSs or common shares, including the availability of a foreign tax credit or deduction in light of their particular circumstances, their eligibility for
benefits under the Treaty, and the potential impact of the United States Treasury regulations.
Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
If we are classified as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or common shares, and unless the U.S. Holder
makes a mark-to-market election (as described below), the U.S. Holder will generally be subject to special tax rules on (i) any excess distribution that
we make to the U.S. Holder (which generally means any distribution paid during a taxable year to a U.S. Holder that is greater than 125 percent of the
average annual distributions paid to the U.S. Holder in the three preceding taxable years or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or
common shares), and (ii) any gain recognized on the sale or other disposition (including, under certain circumstances, a pledge) of ADSs or common
shares. Under the PFIC rules:
•
•
•
the excess distribution or recognized gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ADSs or common shares;
the amount of the excess distribution or recognized gain allocated to the taxable year of the distribution or gain and any taxable years in the
U.S. Holder’s holding period prior to the first taxable year in which we are classified as a PFIC (each, a “pre-PFIC year”), will be taxable
as ordinary income; and
the amount of the excess distribution or recognized gain allocated to each prior taxable year, other than a pre-PFIC year, will be subject to
tax at the highest tax rate in effect for individuals or corporations, as appropriate, for that year, increased by an additional tax equal to the
interest on the resulting tax deemed deferred with respect to each such taxable year.
If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds our ADSs or common shares and any of our subsidiaries or other
corporate entities in which we own equity interests, the VIE or any of the subsidiaries of the VIE is also a PFIC, such U.S. Holder would be treated as
owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC for purposes of the application of these rules. U.S. Holders are urged to
consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries, the VIE or any of the subsidiaries of the VIE.
As an alternative to the foregoing rules, a U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election
with respect to such stock. If a U.S. Holder makes this election with respect to our ADSs, the holder will generally (i) include as ordinary income for
each taxable year that we are a PFIC the excess, if any, of the fair market value of ADSs held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of
such ADSs and (ii) deduct as an ordinary loss the excess, if any, of the adjusted tax basis of the ADSs over the fair market value of such ADSs held at
the end of the taxable year, but such deduction will only be allowed to the extent of the net amount previously included in income as a result of the
mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in the ADSs would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss resulting from the
mark-to-market election. If a U.S. Holder makes a mark-to-market election in respect of our ADSs and we cease to be classified as a PFIC, the holder
will not be required to take into account the gain or loss described above during any period that we are not classified as a PFIC. If a U.S. Holder makes a
mark-to-market election, any gain such U.S. Holder recognizes upon the sale or other disposition of our ADSs in a year when we are a PFIC will be
treated as ordinary income and any loss will be treated as ordinary loss, but such loss will only be treated as ordinary loss to the extent of the net amount
previously included in income as a result of the mark-to-market election.
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The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” which is stock that is regularly traded on a qualified exchange or other
market, as defined in applicable United States Treasury regulations. Our ADSs, but not our common shares, are listed on the Nasdaq Global Market,
which is a qualified exchange for these purposes. We expect that our ADSs will be considered regularly traded, but no assurances may be given in this
regard. However, as described above, in January 2024, we received communications from the Nasdaq notifying us that we were not in compliance with
certain Nasdaq Global Market continued listing standards, and if we fail to satisfy such requirements and fail to regain compliance on a timely basis, our
ADSs could be delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our ADSs.” If our ADSs
are delisted from the Nasdaq Global Market and are not otherwise listed on a qualified exchange or other market, as described above, our ADSs would
not be treated as “marketable stock” for these purposes and a U.S. Holder would not be eligible to make a mark-to-market election with respect to our
ADSs.
Because a mark-to-market election cannot technically be made for any lower-tier PFICs that we may own, a U.S. Holder may continue to be
subject to the PFIC rules with respect to such U.S. Holder’s indirect interest in any investments held by us that are treated as an equity interest in a PFIC
for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
We do not intend to provide information necessary for U.S. Holders to make qualified electing fund elections which, if available, would result in
tax treatment different from (and generally less adverse than) the general tax treatment for PFICs described above.
If a U.S. Holder owns our ADSs or common shares during any taxable year that we are a PFIC, the holder must generally file an annual IRS
Form 8621. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of our ADSs or common
shares if we are or become a PFIC.
F.
Dividends and Paying Agents
Not applicable.
G.
Statement by Experts
Not applicable.
H. Documents on Display
We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers.
Accordingly, we are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. All information we file with
the SEC can be obtained over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules under the
Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of quarterly reports and proxy statements, and officers, directors and principal shareholders are
exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
We will furnish Citibank N.A., the depositary of the ADSs, with our annual reports, which will include a review of operations and annual audited
consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and all notices of shareholders’ meetings and other reports and
communications that are made generally available to our shareholders. The depositary will make such notices, reports and communications available to
holders of ADSs and, upon our request, will mail to all record holders of ADSs the information contained in any notice of a shareholders’ meeting
received by the depositary from us.
In accordance with Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5250(d), we will post this annual report on Form 20-F on our website at ir.huize.com. In addition,
we will provide hardcopies of our annual report free of charge to shareholders and ADS holders upon request.
I.
Subsidiary Information
Not applicable.
J.
Annual Report to Security Holders
Not applicable.
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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Exchange Risk
Substantially all of our revenues and most of our expenses are denominated in RMB. We do not believe that we currently have any significant
direct foreign exchange risk and have not used any derivative financial instruments to hedge exposure to such risk. Although our exposure to foreign
exchange risks should be limited in general, the value of your investment in our ADSs will be affected by the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and
Renminbi because the value of our business is effectively denominated in RMB, while our ADSs will be traded in U.S. dollars.
The conversion of Renminbi into other currencies, including U.S. dollars, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The Renminbi has
fluctuated against other currencies, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of Renminbi against other currencies is affected by changes in
China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. It is difficult to predict how market forces or
government policies may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and other currencies in the future.
Interest Rate Risk
Fluctuations in market interest rates may negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. We have not been exposed to material
risks due to changes in market interest rates as the borrowings held by us all bear interest at a fixed interest rate.
Seasonality
We experience seasonality in our business. For example, we generally have more life and health insurance purchase orders in the first quarter of
each year. On the other hand, for property & casualty insurance products we offer on our platform, which mostly consist of travel insurance products, we
experience more purchase orders in the third quarter, and the first and fourth quarters of each year are the low season for travel insurance products. As
we are shifting to a product mix with more life and health insurance products focused, we expect that we will experience stronger influence of
seasonality of life and health insurance products compared with property & casualty insurance products. Due to our limited operating history, the
seasonal trends that we have experienced in the past may not apply to, or be indicative of, our future operating results. See “Item 3. Key Information—
D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—Our business is subject to fluctuations, which makes our results of operations difficult
to predict and may cause our quarterly results of operations to fall short of expectations.”
ITEM 12. DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
A. Debt Securities
Not applicable.
B. Warrants and Rights
Not applicable.
C. Other Securities
Not applicable.
D. American Depositary Shares
Fees and Charges Our ADS holders May Have to Pay
As an ADS holder, you will be required to pay the following fees under the terms of the deposit agreement:
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Service
Issuance of ADSs (e.g., an issuance of ADS upon a deposit of Class A
common shares, upon a change in the ADS(s)-to-Shares ratio, or for any other
reason), excluding ADS issuances as a result of distributions of Class A
common shares
Cancellation of ADSs (e.g., a cancellation of ADSs for delivery of deposited
property, upon a change in the ADS(s)-to-Shares ratio, or for any other
reason)
Distribution of cash dividends or other cash distributions (e.g., upon a sale of
rights and other entitlements)
Distribution of ADSs pursuant to (i) stock dividends or other free stock
distributions, or (ii) exercise of rights to purchase additional ADSs
Distribution of securities other than ADSs or rights to purchase additional
ADSs (e.g., upon a spin-off)
ADS Services
Registration of ADS transfers (e.g., upon a registration of the transfer of
registered ownership of ADSs, upon a transfer of ADSs into DTC and vice
versa, or for any other reason)
Conversion of ADSs of one series for ADSs of another series (e.g., upon
conversion of Partial Entitlement ADSs for Full Entitlement ADSs, or upon
conversion of Restricted ADSs (each as defined in the Deposit Agreement)
into freely transferable ADSs, and vice versa).
Fees
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) issued
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) canceled
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADSs (or fraction thereof) held on the applicable
record date(s) established by the depositary
Up to U.S. 50 per ADS (or fraction thereof) transferred
Up to US$5.00 per 100 ADS (or fraction thereof) converted
As an ADS holder you will also be responsible to pay certain charges such as:
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•
•
•
•
•
taxes (including applicable interest and penalties) and other governmental charges;
the registration fees as may from time to time be in effect for the registration of Class A common shares on the share register and
applicable to transfers of Class A common shares to or from the name of the custodian, the depositary or any nominees upon the making of
deposits and withdrawals, respectively;
certain cable, telex and facsimile transmission and delivery expenses;
the fees, expenses, spreads, taxes and other charges of the depositary and/or service providers (which may be a division, branch or affiliate
of the depositary) in the conversion of foreign currency;
the reasonable and customary out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the depositary in connection with compliance with exchange control
regulations and other regulatory requirements applicable to Class A common shares, ADSs and ADRs; and
the fees, charges, costs and expenses incurred by the depositary, the custodian, or any nominee in connection with the ADR program.
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ADS fees and charges for (i) the issuance of ADSs, and (ii) the cancellation of ADSs are charged to the person for whom the ADSs are issued (in
the case of ADS issuances) and to the person for whom ADSs are canceled (in the case of ADS cancellations). In the case of ADSs issued by the
depositary into DTC, the ADS issuance and cancellation fees and charges may be deducted from distributions made through DTC, and may be charged
to the DTC participant(s) receiving the ADSs being issued or the DTC participant(s) holding the ADSs being canceled, as the case may be, on behalf of
the beneficial owner(s) and will be charged by the DTC participant(s) to the account of the applicable beneficial owner(s) in accordance with the
procedures and practices of the DTC participants as in effect at the time. ADS fees and charges in respect of distributions and the ADS service fee are
charged to the holders as of the applicable ADS record date. In the case of distributions of cash, the amount of the applicable ADS fees and charges is
deducted from the funds being distributed. In the case of (i) distributions other than cash and (ii) the ADS service fee, holders as of the ADS record date
will be invoiced for the amount of the ADS fees and charges and such ADS fees and charges may be deducted from distributions made to holders of
ADSs. For ADSs held through DTC, the ADS fees and charges for distributions other than cash and the ADS service fee may be deducted from
distributions made through DTC, and may be charged to the DTC participants in accordance with the procedures and practices prescribed by DTC and
the DTC participants in turn charge the amount of such ADS fees and charges to the beneficial owners for whom they hold ADSs. In the case of
(i) registration of ADS transfers, the ADS transfer fee will be payable by the ADS Holder whose ADSs are being transferred or by the person to whom
the ADSs are transferred, and (ii) conversion of ADSs of one series for ADSs of another series, the ADS conversion fee will be payable by the Holder
whose ADSs are converted or by the person to whom the converted ADSs are delivered.
In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the depositary may, under the terms of the deposit agreement, refuse the requested service until
payment is received or may set off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder. Certain depositary fees and
charges (such as the ADS services fee) may become payable shortly after the closing of the ADS offering. Note that the fees and charges you may be
required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary. You will receive prior notice of such changes.
Fees and Other Payments Made by the Depositary to Us
The depositary may reimburse us for certain expenses incurred by us in respect of the ADR program, by making available a portion of the ADS
fees charged in respect of the ADR program or otherwise, upon such terms and conditions as we and the depositary agree from time to time. For the year
ended December 31, 2023, we did not receive reimbursement from the depositary.
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ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
PART II
ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS MATERIAL
Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders
See “Item 10—Additional Information—B. Memorandum and Articles of Association—Common Shares” for a description of the rights of
securities holders, which remain unchanged.
Use of Proceeds
The following “Use of Proceeds” information relates to the registration statement on Form F-1, as amended (File number: 333-233614) in relation
to the initial public offering of 5,250,000 ADSs representing 105,000,000 of our Class A common shares, at an initial offering price of US$10.50 per
ADS. Our initial public offering closed in February 2020. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and China International Capital Corporation Hong Kong
Securities Limited were the representatives of the underwriters for our initial public offering. Counting in the ADSs sold upon the partial exercise of the
over-allotment option by our underwriters, we offered and sold 5,322,453 ADSs and received net proceeds of approximately US$47.7 million, after
deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. The registration statement was declared effective by
the SEC on February 11, 2020. None of the transaction expenses included payments to directors or officers of our company or their associates, persons
owning more than 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. None of the net proceeds we received from the initial public offering were paid,
directly or indirectly, to any of our directors or officers or their associates, persons owning 10% or more of our equity securities or our affiliates. As of
December 31, 2023, we had used approximately 75% of the net proceeds from our initial public offering, or approximately US$35.8 million, among
which (i) approximately US$19.1 million was used for investment in technology and big data analytics to further enhance our client acquisition
efficiency and risk management capabilities, (ii) approximately US$7.2 million was used for product design and development, and (iii) approximately
US$9.5 million was used for general corporate purpose and potential investments. We intend to continue to use the proceeds from our initial public
offering as disclosed in our registration statement on Form F-1.
ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and co-chief financial officers, has performed an evaluation of the
effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this
report, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act.
Based upon that evaluation, our management has concluded that, due to the outstanding material weakness described below, as of December 31,
2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file
and furnish under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms,
and that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to
our management, including our chief executive officer and co-chief financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f)
and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to
the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of our company;
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance
with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of our company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and directors;
and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of the unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all potential misstatements. Also, projections
of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, our
management, including our chief executive officer and co-chief financial officers, assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting
as of December 31, 2023, using the criteria set forth in the report “Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013)” published by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, the management concluded that our internal control over financial
reporting was ineffective as of December 31, 2023, because of the material weakness described below.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable
possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The
material weakness identified in our internal control relates to the lack of sufficient and competent financial reporting and accounting personnel with
appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to formalize key controls over financial reporting and to prepare consolidated
financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC financial reporting requirements.
We have implemented measures to address the material weaknesses, such as conducting regular U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting
training programs for accounting and financial reporting personnel. For example, during the year ended December 31, 2023, we arranged formal training
sessions related to recent U.S. GAAP development and SEC reporting updates for our accounting and financial reporting personnel. Although the
remediation measures were implemented, they will require validation and testing of the operating effectiveness of internal controls over a sustained
period of financial reporting cycles. As a result, the previously identified material weakness still existed as of December 31, 2023. We plan to continue
to implement measures to remedy the identified material weakness, including: (i) recruiting more financial reporting and accounting personnel who have
adequate U.S. GAAP knowledge, (ii) implementing regular and continual U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our
accounting and financial reporting personnel, (iii) planning to hire additional resources to strengthen the financial reporting function and set up a
financial and system control framework, and (iv) establishing effective oversight and clarifying reporting requirements for non-recurring and complex
transactions to ensure consolidated financial statements and related disclosures are accurate, complete and in compliance with U.S. GAAP and SEC
reporting requirements. However, we cannot assure you that all these measures will be sufficient to remediate our material weaknesses in a timely
manner, or at all. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry—If we fail to maintain an effective
system of internal control over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results.”
As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the
JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable
generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act of 2002, in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over
financial reporting as we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and are
therefore exempt from the attestation requirement.
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Changes in Internal Control
Other than as described above, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by
this annual report on Form 20-F that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 16. [RESERVED]
ITEM 16.A. AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
Our board of directors has determined that Mr. Bin Wei, a member of our audit committee and independent director (under the standards set forth
in Nasdaq Stock Market Rule 5605(a)(2) and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act), is an audit committee financial expert.
ITEM 16.B. CODE OF ETHICS
Our board of directors has adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of the directors, officers and employees of our company, whether they work
for the Company on a full-time, part-time, consultative or temporary basis. We have filed our code of business conduct and ethics as Exhibit 99.1 to our
registration statement on Form F-1 (File Number 333-199996), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019.
ITEM 16.C. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
The following table sets forth the aggregate fees by the categories specified below in connection with certain professional services rendered by
PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP and its affiliates, our principal external auditors, for the years indicated. We did not pay any other fees to our
principal external auditors during the years indicated below.
Audit-related fees(1)
Tax fees(2)
Total
For the Year Ended
December 31,
2023
2022
(in thousands of RMB)
5,250
5,250
150
150
5,400
5,400
Notes:
(1)
(2)
“Audit fees” means the aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal external auditors for the audits of our annual
financial statements and the quarterly reviews of our condensed consolidated financial information.
“Tax fees” means the aggregate fees billed in each of the fiscal years listed for professional services rendered by our principal external auditors for
tax compliance, tax advice, and tax planning.
The policy of our audit committee is to pre-approve all audit and other service provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP and its
affiliates, including audit services and tax services described above, other than those for de minimis services which are approved by the audit committee
prior to the completion of the audit.
ITEM 16.D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
On March 16, 2022, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we were authorized to repurchase up to
US$5 million of our outstanding American depositary shares over the next 12 months. As of February 29, 2024, we had used US$1.5 million of the
authorized amount.
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On March 17, 2023, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we were authorized to repurchase up to
US$5 million of our Class A common shares in the form of American depositary shares over the next 12 months. As of February 29, 2024, we had used
US$1.4 million of the authorized amount.
On March 17, 2024, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which we are authorized to repurchase up to
US$5 million of our Class A common shares in the form of American depositary shares over the next 12 months, subject to applicable rules under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and our insider trading policy. The share repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market
at prevailing market prices, in privately negotiated transactions, in block trades and/or through other legally permissible means, depending on market
conditions and in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. Our board of directors will review the share repurchase program periodically and
may authorize adjustment of its terms and size. We expect to fund repurchases made under this program from our existing cash balance and cash
generated from operations.
The table below summarizes the repurchases we made in the periods indicated.
Month
January 2023
February 2023
March 2023
April 2023
May 2023
June 2023
July 2023
August 2023
September 2023
October 2023
November 2023
December 2023
January 2024
February 2024
Total Number
of
Common
Shares
Purchased
3,912,580
2,925,000
2,847,620
1,782,600
3,403,560
5,773,480
3,113,100
1,798,840
1,706,180
1,042,120
951,480
1,076,780
1,077,840
1,576,120
Average Price
Paid
Per Common
Share (US$)
0.0678
0.0583
0.0680
0.0656
0.0546
0.0633
0.0646
0.0638
0.0557
0.0531
0.0467
0.0444
0.0383
0.0346
Total Number
of
Common
Shares
Purchased as
Part
of Share
Repurchase
Program
17,010,320
19,935,320
22,782,940
1,782,600
5,186,160
10,959,640
14,072,740
15,871,580
17,577,760
18,619,880
19,571,360
20,648,140
21,725,980
23,302,100
Approximate
Remaining
Authorized
Amount (US$,
in millions)
3.9
3.7
3.5
4.9
4.7
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
ITEM 16.F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
As a Cayman Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Global Market, we are subject to Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. However,
Nasdaq rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance
practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. We have relied
on the exemption available to foreign private issuers for the requirement under Nasdaq Rule 5635(c) that shareholders’ approval must be obtained prior
to the issuance of securities when a stock option or purchase plan is to be established or materially amended or when other equity compensation
arrangement is to be made or materially amended, pursuant to which stock may be acquired by officers, directors, employees, or consultants. We elected
to follow our home country practice and did not obtain shareholders’ approval for the material amendment to our 2019 Plan. If we continue to rely on
this and other exemptions available to foreign private issuers in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would
under the Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. See “Item 3. Key Information—D. Risk Factors—Risks
Relating to Our ADSs—As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in
relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to
shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq listing standards.”
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ITEM 16.H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.I. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.J. INSIDER TRADING POLICY
Not applicable.
ITEM 16.K. CYBERSECURITY
Risk Management and Strategy
We have implemented robust processes for assessing, identifying and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats and monitoring the
prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of material cybersecurity incidents. We have also integrated cybersecurity risk management into our
overall enterprise risk management system.
We have established a dynamic and multi-layered cybersecurity defense system to effectively mitigate both internal and external cyber threats.
This comprehensive system spans multiple security domains, including network, host and application layers. It integrates a range of security capabilities
such as threat defense, continuous monitoring, in-depth analysis, rapid response, as well as strategic deception and countermeasures. Our approach to
managing cybersecurity risks and safeguarding sensitive data is multi-faceted, involving technological safeguards, procedural protocols, a rigorous
program of surveillance on our corporate network, ongoing internal and external evaluations of our security measures, a solid incident response
framework, and regular online or offline cybersecurity training sessions for our employees. We have deployed a network firewall, an application
firewall, intrusion detection systems and the DDoS protection system to detect and prevent network attacks. We have also been equipped with a unified
security software to prevent viruses and regularly patch software vulnerabilities. In addition, we have implemented a strong password policy and multi-
factor authentication to protect our system from unauthorized access. Our information security department is actively engaged in continuous monitoring
of our applications, platforms and infrastructure to ensure prompt identification and response to potential issues, including emerging cybersecurity
threats.
We have engaged with third parties in connection with the processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material risks from cybersecurity
threats. Specifically, collaborate with security service providers to conduct regular security audits, privacy compliance checks and penetration testing.
This helps to identify potential security vulnerabilities and rectify them. We have processes in place to oversee and identify risks from cybersecurity
threats associated with our use of third-party service providers. As of the date of this annual report, we have not experienced any material cybersecurity
incidents or identified any material cybersecurity threats that have affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect us, our business strategy, results
of operations or financial condition.
Governance
Our board of directors is responsible for overseeing our cybersecurity risk management. Our board of directors shall (i) maintain oversight of the
disclosure related to cybersecurity matters in current reports or periodic reports of our company, (ii) review updates to the status of any material
cybersecurity incidents or material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company, and the relevant disclosure issues, if any, presented by our chief
executive officer, co-chief financial officers and cybersecurity officer on a quarterly basis, and (iii) review disclosure concerning cybersecurity matters
in our annual report on Form 20-F presented by our chief executive officer, co-chief financial officers and cybersecurity officer.
At management level, our chief executive officer, co-chief financial officers and cybersecurity officer are responsible for assessing, identifying
and managing material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company and monitoring the prevention, detection, mitigation and remediation of material
cybersecurity incident. These officers report to our board of directors on (i) a quarterly basis on updates to the status of any material cybersecurity
incidents or material risks from cybersecurity threats to our company, and the relevant disclosure issues, if any, and (ii) on disclosure concerning
cybersecurity matters in our annual report on Form 20-F.
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At the operational level, we have established three lines of defense to manage information security risks. Led by our chief executive officer, co-
chief financial officers and cybersecurity officer, our internal information security committee, consisting of representatives of business departments, our
general counsel, head of information security department and head of IT department, is the first line of defense responsible for information security
strategic decision-making, resource coordination and planning, etc. The information security department and the legal and compliance department form
the second line of defense responsible for leading, guiding, monitoring and inspecting our security plan and reporting to the information security
committee. The information security department leads the implementation of our security strategic plan, carries out security operations, including data
security, privacy protection, security compliance, security incident emergency response and other security operations, and cooperates with business
departments, IT department and other functional departments, which collectively form the third line of defense.
If a cybersecurity incident occurs, our information security department will promptly organize relevant personnel for internal assessment and if it
is determined that the incident could potentially be a material cybersecurity event, our chief executive officer, co-chief financial officers and
cybersecurity officer will promptly report the incident and assessment results to our board of directors and other members of senior management and
external legal counsel, to the extent appropriate. Our cybersecurity officer and relevant departments shall prepare disclosure material on the
cybersecurity incident for review and approval by the board of directors and other members of senior management (if necessary), before it is
disseminated to the public.
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ITEM 17.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have elected to provide financial statements pursuant to Item 18.
PART III
ITEM 18.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The consolidated financial statements of Huize Holding Limited are included at the end of this annual report.
ITEM 19.
EXHIBITS
Exhibit
Number
Description of Document
1.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
Third Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit
3.2 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 2.3)
Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Class A common shares (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the registration
statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
Deposit Agreement, dated as of February 11, among the Registrant, Citibank N.A., as the depositary, and all holders and beneficial
owners of the American Depositary Shares issued thereunder (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the registration
statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-238148), filed with the SEC on May 11, 2020)
Shareholders Agreement between the Registrant and other parties thereto dated June 6, 2019 (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 4.4 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4,
2019)
Description of Securities (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 2.5 to the annual report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39216) filed
with the SEC on April 24, 2020)
Global Share Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File
No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
Third Amended and Restated 2019 Share Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Form 6-K (File
No. 001-39216) filed with the SEC on November 20, 2013)
Form of Indemnification Agreement, between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers (incorporated herein by reference
to Exhibit 10.3 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended initially filed with the SEC on
September 4, 2019)
Form of Employment Agreement between the Registrant and its executive officers (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to
the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
English translation of executed Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended,
initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
English translation of form of executed Power of Attorney signed by shareholders of the VIE (incorporated herein by reference to
Exhibit 10.6 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on September 4,
2019)
English translation of executed Equity Pledge Agreement among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders (incorporated herein by
reference to Exhibit 10.7 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially filed with the SEC on
September 4, 2019)
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Table of Contents
4.8
8.1*
11.1
12.1*
12.2*
12.3*
13.1**
13.2**
13.3**
15.1*
15.2*
97.1*
English translation of executed Exclusive Option and Equity Custody Agreement among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholders
(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended, initially
filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
Principal Subsidiaries of the Registrant
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the registration statement on
Form F-1 (File No. 333-233614), as amended initially filed with the SEC on September 4, 2019)
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
CEO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
CFO Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP
Consent of Commerce & Finance Law Offices
Clawback Policy of the Registrant
101.INS*
Inline XBRL Instance Document—this instance document does not appear on the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are
embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104
Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
*
**
Filed herewith.
Furnished herewith.
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The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing its annual report on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and
authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.
SIGNATURES
Huize Holding Limited
By: /s/ Cunjun Ma
Name:
Title:
Cunjun Ma
Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief
Executive Officer
Date: April 19, 2024
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID: 1424)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income/(Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ (Deficit)/Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
F-2
F-3
F-7
F-9
F-12
F-14
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Huize Holding Limited
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Huize Holding Limited and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31,
2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss), of changes in shareholders’ (deficit)/equity and of cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial
statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of
December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the
Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal
securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits of these consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we
plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement,
whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial
reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or
fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and
disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made
by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable
basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP
Shenzhen, the People’s Republic of China
April 19, 2024
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2018.
F-2
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Note
As of December 31,
2022
As of December 31,
2023
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents, net of allowances of RMB nil and RMB520 as of December 31,
2022 and 2023, respectively
2(g),2(k)
277,168 249,258 35,107
Restricted cash (including amounts of the consolidated VIE of RMB30,578 and RMB42,103
as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Short-term investments
Contract assets, net of allowances of RMB nil and RMB440 as of December 31, 2022 and
2(h),2(k)
2(i)
98,917 42,307
8,879
—
5,959
1,251
2023, respectively
2(z),2(k)
49,888 41,481
5,842
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of RMB4,584 and RMB1,673 as of December 31,
2022 and 2023, respectively
2(j),2(k),4
250,667 178,294 25,112
Insurance premium receivables, net of allowances of RMB nil and RMB988 as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively (including amounts of the consolidated VIE of
RMB1,792 and RMB927 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Amounts due from related parties
Deferred costs
Prepaid expense and other receivables, net of allowances of RMB1,000 and RMB697 as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively
2(l),2(k)
5
2(m)
2(k),6
Total current assets
Non-current assets
Restricted cash
Contract assets, net of allowances of RMB nil and RMB131 as of December 31, 2022 and
1,792
489
—
927
383
6,147
131
54
866
71,818 78,784 11,096
750,739 606,460 85,418
2(h),2(k)
— 29,687
4,181
2023, respectively
Property, plant and equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Long-term investments
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Other assets
Total non-current assets
Total assets
2(z),2(k)
7
8
2(t),9
2(w),21
2(r)
6
F-3
1,760
6,634 12,495
7,621
38,518 54,107
53,498 50,743
7,147
77,305 76,688 10,801
162,180 115,946 16,331
65
59
338,875 340,546 47,965
1,089,614 947,006 133,383
461
279
461
419
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without
recourse to the Company of RMB150,000 and RMB30,000 as of December 31, 2022 and
2023, respectively)
Accounts payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without
recourse to the Company of RMB261,993 and RMB204,587 as of December 31, 2022 and
2023, respectively)
Insurance premium payables (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB27,567 and RMB37,514 as of December 31, 2022
and 2023, respectively)
Contract liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without
recourse to the Company of RMB702 and RMB945 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023,
respectively)
Other payables and accrued expenses (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its
subsidiaries without recourse to the Company of RMB195,136 and RMB171,706 as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Payroll and welfare payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB39,674 and RMB50,624 as of December 31, 2022
and 2023, respectively)
Income taxes payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without
recourse to the Company of RMB2,440 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Operating lease liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB10,075 and RMB16,368 as of December 31, 2022
and 2023, respectively)
Amounts due to related parties (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB495 and RMB2,451 as of December 31, 2022 and
2023, respectively)
Total current liabilities
F-4
Note
As of December 31,
2022
As of December 31,
2023
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
2(u),10
150,000 30,000 4,225
2(aa)
262,266 211,905 29,846
2(v)
27,567 37,514 5,284
2(z)
4,034
2,728
384
11
13
58,251 34,850 4,909
43,938 56,207 7,917
2,440
2,440
344
2(w),21
10,075 16,949 2,387
5
495
345
559,066 395,044 55,641
2,451
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries without
recourse to the Company of RMB12,054 and RMB10,971 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023,
respectively)
Operating lease liabilities (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB176,032 and RMB129,299 as of December 31, 2022
and 2023, respectively)
Payroll and welfare payable (including amounts of the consolidated VIE and its subsidiaries
without recourse to the Company of RMB nil and RMB nil of December 31, 2022 and 2023,
respectively)
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
F-5
Note
As of December 31,
2022
As of December 31,
2023
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
13
12,491 12,048 1,697
2(w),21
176,032 129,299 18,211
—
200
28
188,523 141,547 19,936
747,589 536,591 75,577
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity (Continued)
Commitments and contingencies
Shareholders’ equity
Class A common shares (US$0.00001 par value; 7,000,000,000 shares authorized as
of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 894,456,046 shares issued as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 873,068,986 shares and 843,968,206
shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Class B common shares (US$0.00001 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 150,591,207 shares issued and
150,591,207 shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Treasury stock (16,534,600 shares and 46,867,940 shares as of December 31, 2022 and
2023, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Huize Holding Limited shareholders
Non-controlling interests
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Note
As of December 31,
2022
As of December 31,
2023
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
22
14
14
14
62
62
9
1
10
10
(15,306)
904,935
(17,695)
(531,127)
340,879
1,146
342,025
1,089,614
(28,580)
905,958
(14,060)
(458,237)
405,153
5,262
410,415
947,006
(4,025)
127,602
(1,980)
(64,541)
57,066
740
57,806
133,383
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Operating revenue
Brokerage income
Other income
Total operating revenue
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of revenue
Other cost
Total operating costs
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Total operating costs and expenses
Operating income/(loss)
Other income/(expenses)
Interest income/(expenses)
Unrealized exchange income/(loss)
Investment income/(loss)
Others, net
Profit/(Loss) before income tax, and share of income/(loss) of
equity method investee
Income tax expense
Share of income/(loss) of equity method investee
Net profit/(loss)
Net profit/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net profit/(loss) attributable to Huize Holding Limited
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common shareholders
Net profit/(loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
Comprehensive income/(loss)
Year Ended December 31,
Note
2021
RMB
2022
RMB
2(z),16
2,232,253
12,763
2,245,016
1,108,652
49,256
1,157,908
2023
RMB
1,144,533
51,019
1,195,552
2(aa)
2(bb),17
2(cc),18
2(dd)
(1,688,087)
(2,670)
(1,690,757)
(350,573)
(197,619)
(120,478)
(2,359,427)
(114,411)
(706,009)
(28,282)
(734,291)
(231,664)
(154,715)
(80,911)
(1,201,581)
(43,673)
(729,068)
(19,938)
(749,006)
(204,261)
(119,404)
(71,842)
(1,144,513)
51,039
US$
Note 2(f)
161,204
7,186
168,390
(102,686)
(2,808)
(105,494)
(28,770)
(16,818)
(10,119)
(161,201)
7,189
(3,206)
(59)
(5,328)
12,627
(110,377)
—
2,660
(107,717)
(51)
(107,666)
(107,666)
(107,717)
(5,323)
(113,040)
(5,062)
(79)
(2,216)
19,490
(31,540)
—
(2,200)
(33,740)
(2,553)
(31,187)
(31,187)
(33,740)
9,600
(24,140)
2,789
(436)
(1,656)
18,401
393
(61)
(233)
2,592
70,137
—
417
70,554
366
70,188
70,188
70,554
3,635
74,189
9,880
—
59
9,939
52
9,887
9,887
9,939
512
10,451
19
2(ee)
13
F-7
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS) (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Huize Holding Limited
Weighted average number of common shares used in computing net
profit/(loss) per share
Basic and diluted
Net profit/(loss) per share attributable to common shareholders
Note
2021
Year Ended December 31,
2022
2023
RMB
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
(51)
(112,989)
(2,553)
(21,587)
366
73,823
52
10,399
20 1,021,861,206 1,021,958,881 1,000,940,698 1,000,940,698
Basic and diluted
20
(0.11)
(0.03)
0.07
0.01
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-8
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT)/EQUITY
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Balance at January 1, 2021
Net profit/(loss) for the year
Repurchase of Class A
common shares
Class A Common
shares
Class B Common
shares
Treasury Stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(income)/ loss
Accumulated
deficit
Non-
Controlling
interest
Common shares
Shares Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
— — 889,402,546
— —
— —
62 150,591,207
— —
Shares
Amount
RMB
RMB
10 896,180 (2,063) 884,920
— — —
RMB
(21,972)
—
RMB
(392,274)
(107,666)
RMB
—
(51)
14 — —
— —
— — 2,540,680 (7,482) —
—
—
—
Shares issued upon exercise
of option
Share-based payment
compensation
15 — —
201,040 —
— —
— —
497
—
—
—
15 — —
— —
— —
— — 11,355
—
—
—
Set-up of subsidiaries with
non-controlling interests
Foreign currency translation
Balance at December 31,
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
—
(5,323)
—
—
900
—
2021
— — 889,603,586
62 150,591,207
10 3,436,860 (9,545) 896,772
(27,295)
(499,940)
849
F-9
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT)/EQUITY (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Class A Common
shares
Class B Common
shares
Treasury Stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(income)/ loss
Accumulated
deficit
Non-
Controlling
interest
Common shares
Shares Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
— — 889,603,586
— —
— —
62 150,591,207
— —
RMB
10 3,436,860 (9,545) 896,772
— — —
RMB
(27,295)
—
RMB
(499,940)
(31,187)
RMB
849
(2,553
14 — —
— —
— — 13,097,740 (5,761) —
—
—
Balance at January 1, 2022
Net profit/(loss) for the year
Repurchase of Class A
common shares
Share-based payment
compensation
15 — —
— —
— —
— —
8,163
—
—
Capital injection from
non-controlling interests
Foreign currency translation
Balance at December 31,
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
—
9,600
—
—
2,850
—
2022
— — 889,603,586
62 150,591,207
10 16,534,600 (15,306) 904,935
(17,695)
(531,127)
1,146
F-10
—
—
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ (DEFICIT)/EQUITY (Continued)
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2021, 2022 AND 2023
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Class A Common
shares
Class B Common
shares
Treasury Stock
Additional
paid-in
capital
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
(income)/ loss
Accumulated
deficit
Non-
Controlli
interest
Common shares
Shares Amount
RMB
— — 889,603,586
62 150,591,207
RMB
10 16,534,600 (15,306) 904,935
RMB
(17,695)
RMB
(531,127)
RMB
1,14
Shares
Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
Shares
Amount
RMB
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
—
—
2,702
70,188
Balance at January 1, 2023
Impact of adoption of credit
loss guidance
Net profit/(loss) for the year
Repurchase of Class A
common shares
14 — —
— —
— — 30,333,340 (13,274) —
—
—
Shares issued upon exercise
of option
15 — —
1,232,560 —
— —
— —
560
—
—
Share-based payment
compensation
Capital injection from
15 — —
— —
— —
— —
463
—
—
non-controlling interests
Foreign currency translation
Balance at December 31,
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
—
3,635
—
—
3,7
—
2023
— — 890,836,146
62 150,591,207
10 46,867,940 (28,580) 905,958
(14,060)
(458,237)
5,26
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-11
—
36
—
—
—
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net profit/(loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net profit/(loss) to net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities:
Allowance for doubtful account
Impairment of intangible assets
Depreciation and amortization
Unrealized exchange (income)/loss
Share-based compensation expense
Interest expense
Investment (income)/loss
Gain on disposal of subsidiary
Share of (income)/loss of equity method investee
Amortization of right-of-use assets
Amortization of directors and officers liability insurance premium
Loss/(gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Gain on termination of right-of-use assets
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
(Increase)/decrease in accounts receivable
(Increase)/decrease in insurance premium receivables
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expense and other receivables
(Increase)/decrease in deferred costs
(Increase)/decrease in amounts due from related parties
Increase/(decrease) in amounts due to related party
(Increase)/decrease in other assets
(Increase)/decrease in contract assets
Increase/(decrease) in accounts payable
Increase/(decrease) in insurance premium payables
Increase/(decrease) in payroll and welfare payable
Increase/(decrease) in other payables and accrued expenses
(Increase)/decrease in right-of-use assets due to prepaid rent
Increase/(decrease) in operating lease liabilities
Increase/(decrease) in contract liabilities
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of long-term investment
Purchase of short-term investment
Purchase of property, equipment and intangible assets
Proceeds from disposal of property, equipment and intangible assets
Proceeds from disposal of investments
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired
Cash received for disposal of subsidiary
Advances to a third party
Repayment from a third party
Interests received
Others
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings
Repayments of borrowings
Repurchase of Class A common shares
Proceeds from exercise of share options
Cash received by subsidiaries from minority shareholders
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
F-12
Year Ended December 31
2021
2022
2023
RMB
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
(107,717)
(33,740)
70,554
9,939
1,445
—
7,424
59
11,355
3,206
5,328
—
(2,660)
32,941
7,798
(194)
—
(41,015)
220
2,415
275
—
1,921
18,427
61
79
65
8,163
(393)
5,062
339
1,885
(105)
331
(59)
2,200
3,617
27,788
440
7,891
31
513
(834)
(7,215)
33,799 110,159 15,517
1,567
1,950
13,640
436
463
(2,789)
2,405
(749)
(417)
25,680
3,125
217
(5,923)
757
(40,020)
—
123
11,875
—
216
75,466 10,629
(545,678) 531,001
(17)
(575)
3,072
22,786
(866)
—
15
(361)
275
(11,380)
—
200
278
(56,522)
(7,136)
452,550 (428,580)
1,401
(96,452)
1,756
(49,760)
(3,507)
(13,155)
(116)
—
(1,772)
(12,866)
(3,202)
(184)
(85,067) 137,351 19,345
(123)
21,815
(6,147)
106
1,956
—
1,975
(50,661)
9,947
12,469
(24,899)
(825)
(12,581)
(1,306)
(63,200)
25,578
29,860
—
(14,199)
7,236
(175,917)
(33,614)
—
(38,061)
980
3,820
(14,292)
—
—
—
—
241
(80,926)
(10,000)
—
(16,823)
1,048
700
(25,964)
3,640
(26,000)
16,000
876
237
(56,286)
—
(9,968)
(30,524)
955
874
(2,441)
1,645
(23,000)
—
1,075
361
(61,023)
—
(1,404)
(4,299)
135
123
(344)
232
(3,239)
—
151
51
(8,594)
37,000
184,000 270,200
5,211
(40,503) (367,524) (161,473) (22,743)
(1,886)
(3,003)
79
497
528
900
141,891 (101,133) (133,555) (18,811)
(13,392)
560
3,750
(6,659)
—
2,850
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
Year Ended December 31
2021
2022
2023
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid for interest
Cash paid for income tax
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities
Increase in lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating lease right-of-use assets
Decrease in lease liabilities due to termination of lease contacts
RMB
RMB
(5,012)
US$
Note 2(f)
410
9,587
(119,964) (232,899) (54,313) (7,650)
728,948 608,984 376,085 52,970
608,984 376,085 321,772 45,320
RMB
2,914
(7,813) (10,614)
(630)
(4,473)
— — —
—
13,400
720
— (65,922) (35,788) (5,041)
5,113
2,011
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-13
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
1. Principal activities and reorganization
(a) History and Reorganization
The Group commenced its operation in August 2006 by Mr. Cunjun Ma (“the founder”). Subsequently in December 2014, March 2016 and July
2016, the Company completed Series A, Series B and Series B+ financing respectively, and issued redeemable preferred shares to certain third party
investors. In July 2018, the Company issued a convertible bond to certain third party investors. In October 2018, the investors converted the bond into
Series B++ redeemable preferred shares.
Huize Holding Limited (“Huize” or the “Company”) was incorporated on December 24, 2014 under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The
Company commenced a reorganization (“Reorganization”) in preparation of an offshore listing by issuing 184,200,000 common shares and 98,900,000
redeemable preferred shares were issued to the three shareholders in 2014 and 2015 after the Company was established. In June 2015, Shenzhen
Zhixuan was established as an indirect wholly foreign owned entity of the Company in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”).
In June 2019, the Group completed the Reorganization by issuing 261,072,000 common shares, 105,122,000 Series A redeemable preferred
shares, 185,512,580 Series B redeemable preferred shares, 43,937,180 Series B+ redeemable preferred shares and 16,574,460 Series B++ redeemable
preferred shares to the shareholders of Huiye Tianze. After such share issuance, the total number of shares outstanding equals to that of Huiye Tianze.
However, since the Company is an offshore entity, all PRC investors are required to register with relevant PRC governmental authorities in order to hold
equity interest in the Company. All shareholders, except for one shareholder that which owns 21.87% of Huiye Tianze, have completed the relevant
registrations. 78.13% of the shareholders received shares of the Company. The 21.87% shares of the Company were issued to an offshore affiliate of that
shareholder. Concurrently, the Company obtained control over Huiye Tianze through Shenzhen Zhixuan by entering into a series of contractual
arrangements as described in note 2b. As a result, Huiye Tianze became a consolidated VIE of the Group. The Company determined that the
Reorganization is a recapitalization and accordingly prepared its financial statements using the carryover basis of assets and liabilities of Huiye Tianze
and its subsidiaries.
Accordingly, the Company became the ultimate holding company of Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries, which is principally engaged in the
provision of insurance brokerage services in the PRC. The Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIE”) are
collectively referred to as the “Group”.
In February 2020, the Company completed its initial public offering (“IPO”) in Nasdaq Global Market. The initial public offering of an aggregate
of 5,250,000 American depository shares (“ADS”), each presenting 20 class A common shares of the Company, was priced at US$10.50 per ADS. On
March 10, 2020, the underwriters have exercised part of their over-allotment option to purchase an additional 72,453 American Depositary Shares of the
Company at the IPO price of US$10.50 per ADS. After giving effect to the exercise of the over-allotment option, the Company had issued and sold a
total of 5,322,453 ADSs in the IPO, for total gross proceeds of approximately US$55.9 million.
F-14
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
1. Principal activities and reorganization (Continued)
(a) History and Reorganization (Continued)
As of December 31, 2023 the Company’s principal subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and subsidiaries of VIE are as follows:
Principal Subsidiaries
Smart Choice Ventures Limited (“Smart Choice”)
Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited (“HK
Smart Choice”)
Huize Hong Kong Insurance Broker Limited
Synergy Wealth Management Limited
Zhixuan International Management Consulting
(Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
VIE
Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co.,
Ltd (“Huiye Tianze”)
VIE’s Principal Subsidiaries
Huize Insurance Brokerage
Date of
Incorporation/
Establishment
January 14, 2015 British Virgin Islands
Place of
Incorporation/
Establishment
February 18, 2015
May 5, 2021
August 31, 2023
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Percentage of
Direct or
Indirect
Economic
Interest
100%
100%
100%
100%
June 9, 2015
PRC
100%
October 30, 2014
PRC
100%
Co., Ltd. (“Huize Insurance Brokerage”)
October 14, 2011
PRC
100%
Shenzhen Huize Shidai Co., Ltd. (“Huize Shidai”)
Shenzhen Zhixuan Wealth Investment Management
Co., Ltd. (“Zhixuan Investment”)
Huize (Chengdu) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
(“Chengdu Huize”)
Shanghai Huiju Haoshi Information Technology
April 28, 2012
PRC
100%
April 20, 2016
PRC
100%
May 11, 2018
PRC
100%
Co., Ltd
October 12, 2021
PRC
80%
Shenzhen Detong Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.
(“Shenzhen Detong”, formerly known as
Shanghai Senhao Insurance Agency Co., Ltd)
Shenzhen Huize Business Management Co., Ltd.
March 12, 2022
PRC
100%
July 5, 2022
PRC
100%
F-15
Principal Activities
Investment holding
Investment holding
Insurance brokerage service
Insurance brokerage service
Investment and investment
consulting service
Investment and investment
consulting service
Insurance brokerage service
Technology development
and internet information
consulting service
Management consulting,
investment consulting and
financial consulting
Technology development
consulting service
Internet information
consulting service
Insurance agency service
Business management and
catering service
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
(a) Basis of presentation
The Group’s consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and
related disclosures. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Significant accounting policies followed by the Group in the preparation of the
accompanying consolidated financial statements are summarized below.
As an emerging growth company, the Company elects to use the extended transition year for complying with new or revised financial accounting
standards.
(b) Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company, its subsidiaries and a consolidated VIE, including the
VIE’s subsidiaries, for which the Company is the ultimate primary beneficiary.
A subsidiary is an entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, controls more than one half of the voting power; or has the power to govern
the financial and operating policies, to appoint or remove the majority of the members of the board of directors, or to cast a majority of votes at the
meeting of directors.
A consolidated VIE is an entity in which the Company, or its subsidiaries, through contractual arrangements, has the power to direct the activities
that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, bears the risks of and enjoys the rewards normally associated with ownership of the
entity, and therefore the Company or one of its subsidiaries is the primary beneficiary of the entity.
All transactions and balances among the Company, its subsidiaries, the VIE and the VIE’s subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
The following is a summary of the contractual agreements (collectively, “Contractual Agreements”) between the Company’s PRC subsidiary,
Zhixuan and the VIE, Huiye Tianze. Through the Contractual Agreements, the VIE is effectively controlled by the Company.
Exclusive Business Cooperation Agreement: Under the exclusive business cooperation agreement, Zhixuan has the exclusive right to provide
Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries with technical support, consulting services and other services. Reciprocally, Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries shall not
accept any technical support, consulting services and other services from any third parties. In exchange, Zhixuan is entitled to receive a service fee from
Huiye Tianze on a monthly basis and in an amount equal to all of its net income. Zhixuan owns the intellectual property rights arising out of the
performance of the exclusive business cooperation agreement. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties, this agreement will remain effective for a
maximum term allowed under PRC law and may be extended from time to time by Zhixuan at its determination.
Exclusive Option Agreement: Pursuant to the exclusive option agreement, Huiye Tianze and each of its subsidiaries have irrevocably granted
Zhixuan an exclusive option to purchase, or have its designated person or persons to purchase, at its discretion at any time, to the extent permitted under
PRC law, all or part of their assets and business in the applicable entities. As for the consideration, the purchase price should be equal to the minimum
price as permitted by PRC law.
Pursuant to the exclusive option agreements, each shareholder of Huiye Tianze has irrevocably granted Zhixuan an exclusive option to purchase,
or have its designated person or persons to purchase, at its discretion at any time, to the extent permitted under PRC law, all or part of their current and
future shares in Huiye Tianze. As for the consideration, the purchase price should be equal to the minimum price as permitted by PRC law.
F-16
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
Share Pledge Agreements: Concurrent with the exclusive option agreements and pursuant to the share pledge agreements, the shareholders of
Huiye Tianze have pledged all of their equity interest in Huiye Tianze as a continuing first priority security interest, as applicable, to respectively
guarantee the VIE’s performance of their obligations under the exclusive business cooperation agreement between Huiye Tianze and Zhixuan. If Huiye
Tianze or any of its shareholders breach their contractual obligations under these agreements, Zhixuan, as pledgee, will be entitled to certain rights
regarding the pledged equity interests. In the event of such breaches, Zhixuan’s rights include forcing the disposition or sale of all or part of the pledged
equity interests of the applicable VIE and receiving proceeds from such auction or sale in accordance with PRC law. Each of the shareholders of Huiye
Tianze agrees that, during the term of the applicable share pledge agreement, such shareholder will not dispose of the pledged equity interests or create
or allow creation of any encumbrance on the pledged equity interests without the prior written consent of Zhixuan. Zhixuan is entitled to all dividends
declared by Huiye Tianze. Each share pledge agreement will remain effective until the applicable VIE discharges all its obligations under the exclusive
business cooperation agreement.
Power of Attorney: Pursuant to each power of attorney, each shareholder of Huiye Tianze has irrevocably appointed Zhixuan to act as such
shareholder’s exclusive attorney-in-fact to exercise all shareholder rights, including the right to attend and vote on shareholder’s meetings, appoint
directors and executive officers and sell or dispose all or part of the equity interests owned by such shareholder in Huiye Tianze. Each power of attorney
will remain in force for so long as the shareholder remains a shareholder of the applicable VIE.
F-17
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
The following table sets forth the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries, which are included in
the Group’s consolidated financial statements. Transactions between the VIE and its subsidiaries are eliminated in the balances presented below:
Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Information
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalent, net of allowance for doubtful
accounts
Restricted cash
Short-term investments
Contract assets, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
Account receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
Insurance premium receivables, net of allowance for
doubtful accounts
Amount due from related parties
Deferred costs
Prepaid expense and other receivables, net of allowance for
doubtful accounts
Total current assets
Non-current assets
Restricted cash
Contract assets, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Intangible assets, net
Deferred tax assets
Long-term investments
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Goodwill
Other Assets
Total non-current assets
Total assets
F-18
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
205,781
55,458
—
49,888
250,238
1,792
340
—
96,987
660,484
—
6,634
38,133
50,851
—
66,250
162,180
461
279
324,788
985,272
159,140
42,307
8,879
41,481
175,152
927
277
6,147
102,729
537,039
29,687
12,495
53,821
45,447
—
66,667
115,412
461
—
323,990
861,029
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Information (Continued)
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Short-term borrowings
Accounts payable
Insurance premium payables
Contract liabilities
Other payables and accrued expenses
Payroll and welfare payable
Income taxes payable
Operating lease liabilities
Amount due to related parties
Total current liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Operating lease liabilities
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Common shares
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated deficit
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Huize Holding
Limited shareholders
Non-controlling interests
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
F-19
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
150,000
261,993
27,567
702
195,136
39,674
2,440
10,075
495
688,082
12,054
176,032
188,086
876,168
44,766
470,553
(407,361)
107,958
1,146
109,104
985,272
30,000
204,587
37,514
945
171,706
50,624
2,440
16,368
2,451
516,635
10,971
129,299
140,270
656,905
44,766
472,775
(318,679)
198,862
5,262
204,124
861,029
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
Selected Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income/(loss) Information
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
2021
RMB
Operating revenue
Brokerage income
Other income
Total operating revenue
Operating costs and expenses
Cost of revenue
Other cost
Total operating costs
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Total operating costs and expenses
Operating income/(loss)
Other income/(expenses)
Interest income/(expenses)
Investment income/(loss)
Others, net
Profit/(loss) before income tax, and share of income /(loss) of equity method
investee
Share of income/(loss) of equity method investee
Net profit/(loss)
Net profit/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net profit/(loss) attributable to Huize Holding Limited
Net profit/(loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
Comprehensive income/(loss)
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Huize Holding Limited
F-20
2,231,388 1,107,090 1,124,872
48,450
2,242,882 1,156,313 1,173,322
49,223
11,494
(705,067)
(28,282)
(733,349)
(230,414)
(136,519)
(80,911)
(1,687,770)
(2,670)
(1,690,440)
(346,305)
(172,822)
(120,478)
(711,917)
(18,919)
(730,836)
(201,608)
(101,135)
(71,842)
(2,330,045) (1,181,193) (1,105,421)
67,901
(24,880)
(87,163)
(4,092)
(1,369)
12,627
(5,592)
568
17,941
841
(1,477)
18,400
(79,997)
2,660
(77,337)
(51)
(77,286)
(77,337)
—
(77,337)
(51)
(77,286)
(11,963)
(2,200)
(14,163)
(2,553)
(11,610)
(14,163)
—
(14,163)
(2,553)
(11,610)
85,665
417
86,082
366
85,716
86,082
—
86,082
366
85,716
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
Selected Condensed Consolidated Cash Flows Information
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of long-term investment
Purchase of short-term investment
Purchase of property, equipment and intangible assets
Proceeds from disposal of property, equipment and intangible assets
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash paid
Payments of inter-company balances
Proceeds from disposal of investments
Cash received for disposal of subsidiary
Advances to a third party
Repayment from a third party
Interests received
Others
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings
Repayments of borrowings
Proceeds from inter-company balances
Proceeds from exercise of share option
Cash received by subsidiaries from minority shareholders
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
F-21
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
(152,844) (69,094) 149,531
2021
RMB
—
961
(22,601) (10,000)
—
—
(9,968)
(37,359) (16,773) (30,090)
955
1,044
—
(11,805) (25,964)
—
—
(5,050)
—
700
890
—
1,645
3,640
— (26,000) (23,000)
—
— 16,000
1,075
876
—
361
237
241
(74,723) (56,240) (59,022)
6,041
—
2,850
184,000 270,200 37,000
(40,503) (367,524) (161,473)
604
128,000
—
247
3,750
900
272,644 (88,433) (120,119)
—
45,077 (213,767) (29,610)
429,929 475,006 261,239
475,006 261,239 231,629
—
—
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
The significant portion of the total assets and total liabilities of Huiye Tianze and its subsidiaries approximate the amounts in the Group’s
consolidated financial statements.
Under the contractual arrangements with the VIE, the Company can have the assets transferred out of the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries, except for
restricted cash and insurance premium receivables balance as disclosed on the balance sheet. Except for these two amounts, there is no other asset of the
VIE that can only be used to settle obligations of the VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries. Since the VIE are incorporated as limited liability companies under the
PRC Company Law, creditors of the VIE do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. There is currently no contractual arrangement that
would require the Company to provide additional financial support to the VIE. However, as the Company is conducting certain businesses through its
VIE and VIE’s subsidiaries, the Company may provide such support on a discretionary basis in the future, which could expose the Company to a loss.
In the opinion of the Company’s management, the contractual arrangements among its subsidiary, the VIE and their respective Nominee
Shareholders are in compliance with current PRC laws and are legally binding and enforceable. However, uncertainties in the interpretation and
enforcement of the PRC laws, regulations and policies could limit the Company’s ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. In addition,
shareholders of the VIE are PRC holding entities of certain pre-IPO shareholders of the Company, including entities beneficially owned by Mr. Cunjun
Ma, the chairman of the board of directors and the chief executive officer, who controls more than 50% of the Company’s total voting power. Therefore,
the enforceability of the contractual agreements between us, the VIE and its shareholders depends on whether the Company’s shareholders or their PRC
holding entities will fulfill these contractual agreements. There is a risk that the benefits of ownership between the Company and the VIE may not be
aligned in the future. Given the significance and importance of the VIEs, there would be a significant negative impact to the Company if these contracts
were not enforced.
In March 2019, the National People’s Congress approved the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020 and replaced the
trio of existing laws regulating foreign investment in China together with their implementation rules and ancillary regulations. However, since it is
relatively new, uncertainties still exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. For instance, under the Foreign Investment Law, “foreign
investment” refers to the investment activities directly or indirectly conducted by foreign individuals, enterprises or other entities in China but it does
not explicitly stipulate the contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. On December 26, 2019, the State Council promulgated the
Implementation Regulations on the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. Though these regulations do not explicitly
classify contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, there is no assurance that foreign investment via contractual arrangements would not
be interpreted as a type of foreign investment activities under the definition in the future. In addition, the definition contains a catch-all provision which
includes investments made by foreign investors through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State
Council. Therefore, the Foreign Investment Law still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the State
Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment. In any of these cases, it will be uncertain whether the Group’s
contractual arrangements will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment under the PRC laws and
regulations. If variable interest entities fall within the definition of foreign investment entities, the Group’s ability to use the contractual arrangements
with the VIE and the Group’s ability to conduct business through the VIE could be severely limited.
F-22
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(b) Basis of consolidation (Continued)
The Company’s ability to control the VIE also depends on the power of attorney Zhixuan has to vote on all matters requiring shareholders’
approvals in the VIE. As noted above, the Company believes these powers of attorney are legally binding and enforceable but may not be as effective as
direct equity ownership. In addition, if the Group’s corporate structure or the contractual arrangements with the VIE were found to be in violation of any
existing PRC laws and regulations, the PRC regulatory authorities could, within their respective jurisdictions:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
revoke the Group’s business and operating licenses;
require the Group to discontinue or restrict its operations;
restrict the Group’s right to collect revenues;
block the Group’s websites;
require the Group to restructure its operations, re-apply for the necessary licenses or relocate the Group’s businesses, staff and assets;
impose additional conditions or requirements with which the Group may not be able to comply; or
take other regulatory or enforcement actions against the Group that could be harmful to the Group’s business.
The imposition of any of these restrictions or actions may result in a material adverse effect on the Group’s ability to conduct its business. In
addition, if the imposition of any of these restrictions causes the Group to lose the right to direct the activities of the VIE or the right to receive their
economic benefits, the Group would no longer be able to consolidate the financial statements of the VIE. In the opinion of management, the likelihood
of losing the benefits in respect of the Group’s current ownership structure or the contractual arrangements with its VIE is remote.
(c) Business combinations and non-controlling interests
The Company accounts for its business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805 — “Business
Combinations”. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the acquisition date fair value of the assets transferred to the sellers, liabilities
incurred by the Company and equity instruments issued by the Company. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition are expensed as
incurred. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are measured separately at their fair values as of the acquisition date, irrespective of the
extent of any non-controlling interests. The excess of (i) the total costs of acquisition, fair value of the non-controlling interests and acquisition date fair
value of any previously held equity interest in the acquiree over (ii) the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree is recorded as goodwill. If
the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, the difference is recognized directly in the consolidated
statements of comprehensive income/(loss). During the measurement period, which can be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company may
record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Subsequent to the conclusion of the
measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any further adjustments are
recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss).
When there is a change in ownership interests that result in a loss of control of a subsidiary, the Company deconsolidates the subsidiary from the
date control is lost. Any retained non-controlling investment in the former subsidiary is measured at fair value and is included in the calculation of the
gain or loss upon deconsolidation of the subsidiary.
F-23
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(c) Business combinations and non-controlling interests (Continued)
For the Company’s majority-owned subsidiaries and VIE, a non-controlling interest is recognized to reflect the portion of their equity which is not
attributable, directly or indirectly, to the Company. Consolidated net profit/(loss) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) includes
the net (profit)/loss attributable to non-controlling interests, and common shareholders and redeemable preferred shareholders where applicable. The
cumulative results of operations attributable to non-controlling interests are recorded as non-controlling interests in the Company’s consolidated balance
sheets. Cash flows related to transactions with non-controlling interests are presented under financing activities in the consolidated statements of cash
flows.
(d) Use of estimates
Financial statements amounts that reflect significant accounting estimates and assumptions mainly include, but are not limited to (i) allowance for
doubtful accounts (losses of accounts receivable, insurance premium receivables, other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, contract
assets, amounts due from related parties and other assets), (ii) valuation and forfeiture rate of share-based compensation arrangements, (iii) operating
revenue and cost of revenue recognition, (iv) fair value of long-term investments, (v) useful life of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets,
(vi) valuation of acquired assets and liabilities assumed, (vii) assessment for impairment of intangible assets, (viii) realizability of deferred tax assets,
(ix) uncertainty tax position, (x) discount rate of lease liability and (xi) fair value of short-term investments. Actual results could materially differ from
these estimates.
(e) Comprehensive income and foreign currency translation
The Group’s operating results are reported in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 220,
“Comprehensive Income”. Comprehensive income consists of two components: net income and other comprehensive income (“OCI”). The Group’s OCI
is comprised of gains and losses resulting from translating foreign currency financial statements of entities, of which functional currency is other than
Renminbi (“RMB”) which is the reporting currency of the Group, net of related income taxes, where applicable. Such subsidiaries’ assets and liabilities
are translated into RMB at period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the year.
Adjustments that result from translating amounts from a subsidiary’s functional currency to the RMB (as described above) are reported net of tax, where
applicable, in accumulated OCI in the consolidated balance sheets.
(f) Convenience translation
Translations of balances in the Group’s consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) and consolidated
statements of cash flows from RMB into US$ as of and for year ended December 31, 2023 are solely for the convenience of the readers and were
calculated at the rate of US$1.00=RMB7.0999, representing the noon buying rate set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve
Board on the last trading day of 2023 (December 29, 2023). No representation is made that the RMB amounts could have been, or could be, converted,
realized or settled into US$ at that rate on December 31, 2023 or at any other rate.
(g) Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of (1) cash on hand; (2) bank deposits and short-term, highly liquid investments, with original maturities of less
than three months that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and have insignificant risk of changes in value related to changes in interest
rates.
F-24
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(h) Restricted cash
In its capacity as an insurance broker, the Group collects “premiums” (unremitted insurance premiums) from certain insureds and remits the
“premiums” to the appropriate insurance companies. Unremitted insurance premiums are held in custody until disbursed by the Group. The Group
reports such amounts as restricted cash in the consolidated balance sheets, and classifies into current and non-current portion based on the length of
restricted period. Unremitted insurance premiums were RMB30,578 and RMB42,103 (US$ 5,930) as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023,
respectively. As of December 31, 2022, HK Smart Choice provided security for the loan of Huize Shidai by pledged deposits. The amounts of pledged
deposits as of December 31, 2022 was RMB43,459, which was transferred to cash and cash equivalents during the year ended December 31, 2023 due
to Huize Shidai’s repayment of the loan. Also, restricted cash balance includes guarantee deposits required by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory
Commission (“CBIRC”) in order to protect insurance premium appropriation by insurance broker. The restricted cash balance related to this requirement
were RMB24,880 and RMB29,891 (US$ 4,210) as of December 31, 2022 and as of December 31, 2023.
(i) Short-term investments
Short-term investments consist primarily of certain investments in marketable equity securities, which are publicly traded stock. The Company has
the intention to redeem these investments within one year.
(j) Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable is recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Accounts receivable represent brokerage fees receivable from
insurance companies. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the Group’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in the Group’s existing
accounts receivable balance. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Group assesses the collectability of accounts receivable by determining the
allowance percentage for the overdue balances by age.
On January 1, 2023, the Group adopted ASC Topic 326 which replaces the incurred loss methodology with the current expected credit loss
(“CECL”) methodology as described in note 2(k).
(k) Current expected credit losses
The Group mainly has the following types of financial assets that are within the scope of ASC Topic 326: cash and cash equivalents, restricted
cash, contract assets, accounts receivable, insurance premium receivables, amounts due from related parties, other receivables and other assets. The
Group’s expected credit loss of restricted cash, amounts due from related parties and other assets within the scope of ASC Topic 326 were immaterial.
Prior to the adoption of ASC Topic 326 on January 1, 2023, the Group maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts to reserve for uncollectible
receivable amounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based upon the age of the accounts receivable balance and other factors that may
affect the customers’ ability to pay.
Starting from January 1, 2023, the Group adopted ASC Topic 326 and assess the related receivables and other receivables quarterly through CECL
model and methodologies and establish a reserve to reflect the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance is management’s estimate of
expected credit losses after considering the likelihood of customers defaulting (i.e., Probability of Default, or PD), the resulting losses of customers’
defaults (i.e., Loss Given Default, or LGD), industry delinquency rate and a range of forecasts of macroeconomic conditions over the expected life of
the loans. The Group estimated the allowance by segmenting financial assets based on certain credit risk characteristics and adjusting for judgments
about the effects of relevant observable data including current and future economic conditions. This is assessed at each quarter based on the Group’s
specific facts and circumstances. No significant impact of changes in the assumptions since adoption.
(l) Insurance premium receivables
Insurance premium receivables consist of insurance premiums to be collected from the insured and are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not
bear interest. The insurance premium received are included in net cash provided by operating activities in the consolidated statements of cash flows.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(m) Deferred costs
The deferred costs represent the costs incurred to fulfill contract. The Group recognizes an asset from the costs incurred to fulfill a contract only if
those costs meet all of the following criteria:
a.
b.
c.
The costs relate directly to a contract or to an anticipated contract that the Group can specifically identify.
The costs generate or enhance resources of the Group that will be used in satisfying (or in continuing to satisfy) performance obligations in
the future.
The costs are expected to be recovered.
The deferred costs include direct labor, direct materials, allocations of costs that relate directly to the contract or to contract activities, costs that
are explicitly chargeable to the customer under the contract and other costs that are incurred only because an entity entered into the contract.
The deferred costs are amortized on a systematic basis that is consistent with the transfer to the customer of the goods or services to which the
deferred costs relate.
(n) Fair value measurement
Fair value is the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair
value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants
would use when pricing the asset or liability.
The established fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when
measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to
the fair value measurement.
The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable, market-based inputs, other than quoted prices, in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
Accounting guidance also describes three main approaches to measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: (1) market approach; (2) income
approach and (3) cost approach. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated from market transactions involving identical
or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present value amount. The
measurement is based on the value indicated by current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that
would currently be required to replace an asset.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(o) Property, plant and equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over the following
estimated useful lives, taking into account residual value, if any. The table below sets forth the estimated useful life and residual value:
Category
Buildings
Office furniture and equipment
Computer and electronic equipment
Motor vehicles
Leasehold improvements
Estimated useful life
32 years
5~10 years
3~5 years
4~5 years
shorter of remaining lease
period and estimated useful life
Residual value
5%
0%~5%
0%~5%
5%
Nil
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related
accumulated depreciation/amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized in consolidated statements of
comprehensive income/(loss).
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(p) Intangible assets, net
Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life represent the insurance brokerage license, insurance agency license and insurance adjusting license.
Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are not amortized and are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that they might be impaired. Impairment losses of intangible assets not subject to amortization for the years ended December 31
2022 and 2023 were nil and RMB1,950.
Intangible assets with finite lives represent domain name and purchased computer software. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-
line basis over their estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The table below sets forth the estimated useful life and residual value:
Category
Domain name
Purchased computer software
Estimated useful life
10 years
3~10 years
Residual value
0%
0%
(q) Impairment of long-lived assets
Long-lived assets including property, plant and equipment and intangible assets subject to amortization, are assessed for impairment, whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. The Group measures the carrying amount of long-
lived assets against the estimated undiscounted future cash flows associated with it. Impairment exists when the estimated undiscounted future cash
flows are less than the carrying value of the asset being evaluated. Impairment loss is calculated as the amount by which the carrying value of the asset
exceeds its fair value. No impairment loss was recognized for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
(r) Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination.
Impairment of goodwill assessment is performed on at least an annual basis on December 31 or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. According to ASC 350-20-35, an entity may assess qualitative factors to determine whether
it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. The Group, however, selects proceed
directly to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step compares the fair value of a reporting unit to its carrying amount, including
goodwill. If the fair value of a reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is not considered impaired and the second step will not be required.
If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step compares the implied fair value of the affected reporting unit’s goodwill
to the carrying value of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in a manner similar to accounting for a business combination
with the allocation of the assessed fair value determined in the first step to the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. The excess of the fair value of
the reporting unit over the amounts assigned to the assets and liabilities is the implied fair value of goodwill. This allocation process is only performed
for purposes of evaluating goodwill impairment and does not result in adjusting the value of any assets or liabilities. An impairment loss is recognized
for any excess in the carrying value of goodwill over the implied fair value of goodwill. Application of a goodwill impairment test requires significant
management judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assigning assets, liabilities and goodwill to reporting units, and determining the
fair value of each reporting unit. The judgment in estimating the fair value of each reporting unit includes estimating future cash flows, determining
appropriate discount rates, control premium, comparable companies’ multipliers and making other assumptions. Changes in these estimates and
assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value for each reporting unit.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(s) Asset acquisition
When the Company acquires other entities, if the assets acquired and liabilities assumed do not constitute a business, the transaction is accounted
for as an asset acquisition. Assets are recognized based on the cost, which generally includes the transaction costs of the asset acquisition, and no gain or
loss is recognized unless the fair value of noncash assets given as consideration differs from the assets’ carrying amounts on the Company’s financial
statements. The cost of a group of assets acquired in an asset acquisition is allocated to the individual assets acquired or liabilities assumed based on
their relative fair value and does not give rise to goodwill.
(t) Long-term investments
(i)
Equity investments accounted for using the equity method
In accordance with ASC 323 — “Investment — Equity Method and Joint Ventures”, the Group applies the equity method of accounting to equity
investments, in common stock or in-substance common stock, over which it has significant influence but does not own a majority equity interests or
otherwise control.
An investment in in-substance common stock is an investment that has risk and reward characteristics that are substantially similar to that entity’s
common stock. The Group considers subordination, risks and rewards of ownership and obligation to transfer value when determining whether an
investment in an entity is substantially similar to one in that entity’s common stock.
Under the equity method, the Group initially records its investment at cost. The difference between the cost of the equity investment and the
amount of the underlying equity in the net assets of the equity investee is recognized as equity method goodwill or as an intangible asset as appropriate.
The Group subsequently adjusts the carrying amount of the investment to recognize the Group’s proportionate share of each equity investee’s net
income or loss into the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss)after the date of acquisition. When the Group’s share of losses in the
equity investee equals or exceeds its interest in the equity investee, the Group does not recognize further losses, unless the Group has incurred
obligations or made payments or guarantees on behalf of the equity investee, or the Group holds other investments in the equity investee.
The Group continually reviews its investment in equity investees under the equity method to determine whether a decline in fair value to below
the carrying value is other-than-temporary. The primary factors the Group considers in its determination are the duration and severity of the decline in
fair value, the financial condition, operating performance and the prospects of the equity investee, and other company specific information such as
recent financing rounds.
The fair value determination, particularly for investments in early stage privately held companies, requires significant judgment to determine
appropriate estimates and assumptions. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could affect the calculation of the fair value of the investments and
the determination of whether any identified impairment is other-than-temporary. If any impairment is considered other-than-temporary, the Group writes
down the asset to its fair value and takes the corresponding charge to the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss).
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(t) Long-term investments (Continued)
(ii)
Investments accounted for at fair value
Securities with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value. Equity securities accounted for at fair value include investments in i)
marketable equity securities, which are publicly traded stock and ii) unlisted companies, for which the Company measures at fair value on a recurring
basis. Pursuant to ASC 321, for equity investments measured at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings, the Company does not assess
whether those securities are impaired.
(iii)
Equity investments measured at measurement alternative and NAV practical expedient
Private equity funds pursue various investment strategies. Investments in private equity funds generally are not redeemable due to the closed-
ended nature of these funds. The private equity fund, over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence, is accounted for
under the practical expedient in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) to estimate fair value using the net asset value
per share (or its equivalent) of the investment (“NAV practical expedient”).
For investments in an investee over which the Group does not have significant influence and which do not have readily determinable fair value
and do not qualify for NAV practical expedient, the Company elects to record these investments at cost, less impairment, and plus or minus subsequent
adjustments for observable price changes, in accordance with ASU 2016-01. Under this measurement alternative, changes in the carrying value of the
equity investment will be required to be made whenever there are observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment
of the same issuer. For those equity investments that the Company elects to use the measurement alternative, the Company makes a qualitative
assessment of whether the investment is impaired at each reporting date. If a qualitative assessment indicates that the investment is impaired, the
Company has to estimate the investment’s fair value in accordance with the principles of ASC 820. If the fair value is less than the investment’s carrying
value, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in net income/(loss) equal to the difference between the carrying value and fair value.
(u) Short-term and long-term borrowings
The short-term and long-term borrowings represent the Group’s borrowings from commercial banks for the working capital. Short-term
borrowings include borrowings with maturity terms shorter than one year and the current portion of the long-term borrowings.
(v) Insurance premium payables
Insurance premium payables are insurance premiums collected on behalf of insurance companies but not yet remitted as of the balance sheet dates,
and insurance premiums due but not yet collected from the insured.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(w) Lease
The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease or contains a lease at lease inception. For operating leases, the Group recognizes a right of
use(“ROU”) asset and a lease liability based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term on the consolidated balance sheets at
commencement date. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company estimates its incremental borrowing rate based on
the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to
approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located.
Lease terms are determined after taking into account of rental escalation clauses, renewal options and/or termination options, if any. Lease expense is
recorded in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
As a lessee, the Group accounts for a modification to a contract as a separate contract (that is, separate from the original contract) when both of the
following conditions are present:
a.
b.
The modification grants the lessee an additional right of use not included in the original lease.
The lease payments increase commensurate with the standalone price for the additional right of use, adjusted for the circumstances of the
particular contract.
As a lessee, the Group remeasures the lease payments if any of the following occur:
a.
b.
c.
The lease is modified, and that modification is not accounted for as a separate contract.
A contingency upon which some or all of the variable lease payments that will be paid over the remainder of the lease term are based is
resolved such that those payments now meet the definition of lease payments.
There is a change in any of the following:
•
•
•
The lease term, as described. A lessee shall determine the revised lease payments on the basis of the revised lease term.
The assessment of whether the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise or not to exercise an option to purchase the underlying asset.
A lessee shall determine the revised lease payments to reflect the change in the assessment of the purchase option.
Amounts probable of being owed by the lessee under residual value guarantees. A lessee shall determine the revised lease payments
to reflect the change in amounts probable of being owed by the lessee under residual value guarantees.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(x) Share-based compensation
Employee share-based compensation
All forms of share-based payments to employees, including employee stock options, employee stock purchase plans restricted shares and shares
award, are treated the same as any other form of compensation by recognizing the related cost in the consolidated statements of comprehensive
income/(loss) in accordance with ASC 718, “Stock Compensation”. In accordance with the guidance, the Company determines whether a share option
should be classified and accounted for as a liability award or an equity award. Compensation cost related to employee stock options or similar equity
instruments is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The fair value of a liability-classified award will be re-measured to an
updated fair value at each reporting period until the award is settled. The compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period, which is
usually the vesting period. If an award requires satisfaction of performance and service conditions, compensation cost is recognized using graded vesting
method. If an award requires only service condition, the Group will use straight line method. For liability-classified award, the Group will true up
compensation cost at each reporting period for changes in fair value pro-rated for the portion of the requisite service period rendered.
For restricted shares granted with service conditions and performance conditions and graded vesting features, share-based compensation expenses
are recorded net of estimated forfeitures using graded vesting method during the requisite service period, such that expenses are recorded only for those
share-based awards that are expected to ultimately vest. For share options granted with service condition and the occurrence of an IPO as performance
condition, cumulative share-based compensation expenses for the options that have satisfied the service condition, amounting to RMB16,390, were
recorded upon the completion of the IPO in 2020, the remaining share-based compensation expenses are recorded net of estimated forfeitures using
graded-vesting method during the requisite service period.
The Group utilizes the binomial option pricing model to determine the fair value of share options, and determines the fair value of restricted share
based on the fair value of the underlying common shares at the grant date considering the dilutive effect of restricted share.
(y) Employee benefit plans
As stipulated by the regulations of the PRC, the Group’s subsidiaries and VIE in the PRC participate in various defined contribution plans
organized by municipal and provincial governments for its employees. The Group is required to make contributions to these plans at a percentage of the
salaries, bonuses and certain allowances of the employees. Under these plans, certain pension, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to
employees. The Group has no other material obligation for the payment of employee benefits associated with these plans other than the annual
contributions described above. The contributions are charged to the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income/(loss) as they become
payable in accordance with the rules of the above mentioned defined contribution plans.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(z) Revenue recognition
Revenue is the transaction price the Group expects to be entitled to in exchange for the promised services in a contract in the common course of
the Group’s activities and is recorded net of value-added tax (“VAT”). The services to be accounted for mainly include insurance brokerage and
consulting services.
The Group has adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606 on
January 1, 2017.
The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in
an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To achieve that core
principle, the Group applies the following steps:
•
•
•
•
•
Step 1: Identify the contract (s) with a customer
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract
Step 3: Determine the transaction price
Step 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
Step 5: Recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation
According to Topic 606, the Group’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the Group has transferred to a customer is
recognized as a contract asset. The Group recognize a contract liability if the customer’s payment of consideration precedes the Group’s performance.
Insurance brokerage services
The primary source of revenues is commissions from insurance brokerage services, determined based on a percentage of total premiums paid by
insured over the term of the insurance policy. The brokerage fee rate, which is paid by the insurance companies, shall be based on the terms specified in
the annual service contract with the insurance company for each product sold through the Group. The transaction price includes variable service fees
which is estimated using the expected value method and is limited to the amount of variable consideration that is probable not to be reversed in future
periods. The Group assesses whether the estimate of variable consideration is constrained. The Group determines that the insurance company, or the
insurer, is its customer in this agreement. Insurance brokerage services revenue is recognized when the signed insurance policy is in place and the
premium is collected from the insured since the Company has fulfilled its performance obligation to sell an insurance policy on behalf of the insurance
company.
The Group is also entitled to a performance bonus from insurance companies if the cumulative average monthly sales volume exceeds a
predetermined level. Such bonus is determined at the end of each month and recognized as revenue.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(z) Revenue recognition (Continued)
Other services
The Group provides digital and technology development services to certain insurance companies. Upon the delivery of programs developed, the
Group’s performance obligation related to the technology service has been fully fulfilled. However, the timing of revenue recognition may differ from
contract to contract based on whether performance obligations satisfy the criteria of recognizing revenue over time, in accordance with ASC 606. Since
the deliverables usually do not have alternative use to the Group, revenue is recognized over time once there is an indicator that the Group has an
enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. Otherwise, the revenue is recognized at a point in time.
For cargo insurance products, in addition to the commission from brokerage service paid by the insurance companies, the Group also generates
service fees from rendering consulting service to assist the insured to obtain such a cargo insurance policy. The Group determines that the insured is its
customer in this consulting service arrangement. Upon successful purchase of cargo insurance products by the insured, the Group’s performance
obligation related to consulting service to the insured has been fully fulfilled, as such, revenue for those services is recognized when the insurance
product has been purchased. While the insurance premium is set by the respective insurance companies, the consulting service fee is determined by the
Group based on a percentage of insurance premium. Of the total contract price received from the insured, the amount equal to the premium of the cargo
insurance product as agreed with insurance company is recorded as insurance premium payable while the remaining is recorded as revenue for the
consulting service.
Value added tax
The Group is subject to value-added-tax (“VAT”) on the revenues earned for services provided in the PRC. The applicable rate of value added tax
is 6%. In the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss), such VAT is excluded from net revenues.
Contract Balance
The Group classifies its right to consideration in exchange for products or services transferred to a customer as either a receivable or a contract
asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional as compared to a contract asset which is a right to consideration that is conditional
upon factors other than the passage of time. Generally, the amount of revenue recognized from insurance brokerage services exceeds the amount billed
to customers following the predetermined premium payment schedules at inception of the insurance policy. The Group does not have an unconditional
right to such exceeding amount. Accounts receivable represent the considerations for which the Group has satisfied its performance obligations and has
the unconditional right to consideration. At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether there is any indicator of impairment to the contract assets
and accounts receivable (Note 2(j)). An impairment loss, if any, is recorded as general and administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of
Comprehensive Income/(Loss).
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(aa) Cost of revenue
A large component of the Group’s cost of brokerage income is channel cost, which is service fee paid to user traffic channels for successful sales,
including social media influencers, emerging media channels and financial institutions. These user traffic channels have influences over their followers
and users, who are potential insurance policyholders. Determination of channel cost is based on the service fee rate multiplied by the insurance premium
sold. Channel cost is recognized in the year it incurred. The accounts payable represent channel cost payable to user traffic channels.
Another component of cost of brokerage income is payroll of insurance consultants, who are in charge of identifying and acquiring potential
customers through providing advices related to insurance product.
Cost of other income mainly consists of payroll for digital and technology development services.
(bb) Selling expenses
The Group records its marketing campaign expenses and loyalty points as selling expenses.
Marketing campaign expenses consist primarily of advertising and marketing expenses. Advertising and marketing expenses are charged to the
consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) as incurred. Beside marketing campaign expenses, selling expenses consist of salaries and
employment benefits for employees who work in brokerage service line, office rental, telecommunications and office supply expenses incurred in
connection with sales activities.
The Group operates a loyalty program which offers points to its users. Such loyalty points can be used to redeem a variety of gifts and services
that the Group purchased from third-party providers. Users have a variety of ways to obtain the points, such as signing up an account, inviting friends,
and comment on the insurance product, etc. The Group accounts for such points as selling expenses with a corresponding liability recorded under other
payables and accrued expenses of consolidated balance sheets upon the offering of these points. The Group estimates liabilities under the loyalty
program based on cost of the gifts and services that can be redeemed taking into account estimated breakage. At the time of redemption, the Group
records a reduction of other payables and accrued expenses.
(cc) General and administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses consist of payroll, rental, and related expenses for employees involved in general corporate functions,
including finance, legal and human resources, as well as costs associated with use of facilities and equipment, such as depreciation expenses and other
general corporate related expenses.
General and administrative expenses also include surcharges on VAT payments according to PRC tax.
(dd) Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of payroll for research and development employees involved in designing and testing of
new products and service and outsourcing labor costs. All research and development costs have been expensed as incurred as the costs qualifying for
capitalization have been insignificant.
(ee) Others, net
Others, net, mainly consist of non-operating income and expenses. During the year ended December 31, 2023, it was composed primarily of
RMB11,945 government subsidies and RMB5,706 gain on termination of lease contracts.
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HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(ff) Taxation
Current income taxes are provided on the basis of net income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are
not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the
consolidated financial statements, net operating loss carry forwards and credits. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the
opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are
provided in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted rates expected to
apply to taxable income in which temporary differences are expected to be received or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of changes
in tax rates is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss) in the year of the enactment of the change.
The Group considers positive and negative evidence when determining whether a portion or all of its deferred tax assets will more likely than not
be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of current and cumulative losses, forecasts of future
profitability, the duration of statutory carry-forward periods, its experience with unused accumulated tax loss, and its tax planning strategies. The
ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon its ability to generate sufficient future taxable income within the carry-forward periods
provided for in the tax law and during the periods in which the temporary differences become deductible. When assessing the realization of deferred tax
assets, the Group has considered possible sources of taxable income including (i) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, (ii) future
taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and loss carry-forwards, (iii) future taxable income arising from implementing tax planning
strategies, and (iv) specific known trend of profits expected to be reflected within the industry.
For a particular tax-paying component of the Group and within a particular tax jurisdiction, all deferred tax liabilities and assets, as well as any
related valuation allowance, are offset and presented as a single noncurrent amount.
The Group recognizes a tax benefit associated with an uncertain tax position when, in its judgment, it is more likely than not that the position will
be sustained upon examination by a taxing authority. For a tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Group initially and
subsequently measures the tax benefit as the largest amount that the Group judges to have a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate
settlement with a taxing authority. The Group’s liability associated with unrecognized tax benefits is adjusted periodically due to changing
circumstances, such as the progress of tax audits, case law developments and new or emerging legislation. Such adjustments are recognized entirely in
the period in which they are identified. The Group’s effective tax rate includes the net impact of changes in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits
and subsequent adjustments as considered appropriate by management. The Group classifies interest and penalties recognized on the liability for
unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.
F-36
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(gg) Net profit/(loss) per share
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing net profit/(loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common
shares outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net profit/(loss) is allocated between common shares and
other participating securities based on their participating rights. Net profit/(loss) is not allocated to other participating securities if based on their
contractual terms they are not obligated to share in the profit or loss. Diluted profit/(loss) per share is calculated by dividing net profit/(loss) attributable
to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common and dilutive common equivalents shares outstanding during the year. Common
equivalents shares represent shares issuable upon the exercise of share options using the treasury stock method. Common equivalents shares are not
included in the denominator of the diluted profit/(loss) per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive.
(hh) Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The Group
determines that their chief executive officer (“CEO”) is the chief operating decision-maker.
The Group is principally engaged into insurance brokerage services, income of which accounted for over 90% of the total revenue. No
geographical segment analysis is shown as more than 90% of the Group’s revenue are derived from activities in and from customers located in the
mainland China and more than 90% of the carrying values of the Group’s long-lived assets other than financial instruments are located in the mainland
China. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, the board of directors concluded that the Group has only one reportable segment –
insurance brokerage services. The other segments are individually and collectively insignificant for segment reporting purpose. As such, no segment
information is presented
(ii) Significant risk and uncertainties
Currency risk
The RMB is not a freely convertible currency. The State Administration for Foreign Exchange, under the authority of the People’s Bank of China,
controls the conversion of RMB into foreign currencies. The value of RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and international
economic and political developments that affect supply and demand in the China Foreign Exchange Trading System market of cash and cash equivalents
and restricted cash. The Group had aggregate amounts of RMB481,589, RMB261,891 and RMB231,626 of cash and cash equivalents and restricted
cash denominated as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Details of the customers accounting for 10% or more of total operating revenue are as follows:
Customer A
Customer H
Customer K
2021
RMB
715,287
186,036
489,862
1,391,185
F-37
Year Ended December 31
%
%
2022
RMB
309,781
60,402
140,991
511,174
32%
8%
22%
62%
2023
RMB
290,351
138,125
80,427
508,903
%
24%
12%
7%
43%
27%
5%
12%
44%
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(ii) Significant risk and uncertainties (Continued)
Details of the customers which accounted for 10% or more of accounts receivable are as follows:
Customer A
Customer K
Customer M
As of December, 31
2022
RMB
32,456
47,941
37,531
117,928
%
13%
19%
15%
47%
2023
RMB
47,177
26,314
20,659
94,150
%
26%
15%
12%
53%
The Group performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral on accounts receivable.
Concentration of Credit Risk (Continued)
Details of the banks which accounted for 10% or more of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash are as follows:
Bank A
Bank B
Bank C
Bank D
2022
RMB
154,381
73,255
67,444
40,917
335,997
%
As of December, 31
2023
RMB
136,110
82,861
34,935
—
253,906
41%
19%
18%
11%
89%
%
42%
26%
11%
—
79%
The Group places its cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in financial institutions located in the PRC which the management believes are
of high credit quality. On May 1, 2015, China’s new Deposit Insurance Regulation came into effect, pursuant to which banking financial institutions,
such as commercial banks, established in China are required to purchase deposit insurance for deposits in RMB and in foreign currency placed with
them. Such Deposit Insurance Regulation would not be effective in providing complete protection for the Group’s accounts, as its aggregate deposits are
much higher than the compensation limit. As of December 31, 2023, the Group has recognized allowance for CECL of bank deposits of RMB520.
Interest rate risk
Fluctuations in market interest rates may negatively affect the Group’s financial condition and results of operations. The Group have not been
exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates as the borrowings held by the Group all bear interest at a fixed interest rate.
F-38
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(jj) Recent accounting pronouncements
In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and
Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)”. The amendments in this update affect entities that issue convertible instruments
and/or contracts indexed to and potentially settled in an entity’s own equity. The new ASU eliminates the beneficial conversion and cash conversion
accounting models for convertible instruments. It also amends the accounting for certain contracts in an entity’s own equity that are currently accounted
for as derivatives because of specific settlement provisions. In addition, the new guidance modifies how particular convertible instruments and certain
contracts that may be settled in cash or shares impact the diluted EPS computation. The amendments in the ASU are effective for public business entities
that meet the definition of an SEC filer, excluding entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC, for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, but no earlier than fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The standard is effective for EGCs for fiscal year beginning after December 15,
2023. The FASB also specified that an entity should adopt the guidance as of the beginning of its annual fiscal year and is not permitted to adopt the
guidance in an interim period. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No 2022-03, “Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)—Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to
Contractual Sale Restrictions”, which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account
of the equity security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of
account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. This guidance also requires certain disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual
sale restrictions. The new guidance is required to be applied prospectively with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in
earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2024, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for both interim and annual financial statements that have
not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Group is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated
financial statements.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”. The
amendments in this update improve financial reporting by requiring disclosure of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all
public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyzes. Currently, Topic 280 requires that a public entity disclose certain
information about its reportable segments. Topic 280 also requires other specified segment items and amounts, such as depreciation, amortization, and
depletion expense, to be disclosed under certain circumstances. The amendments in this Update do not change or remove those disclosure requirements.
The amendments in this Update also do not change how a public entity identifies its operating segments, aggregates those operating segments, or applies
the quantitative thresholds to determine its reportable segments. For all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with
Topic 280, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Group’s
consolidated financial statements.
F-39
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)
(jj) Recent accounting pronouncements (Continued)
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”. The amendments
in this Update related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring
(1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The
amendments allow investors to better assess, in their capital allocation decisions, how an entity’s worldwide operations and related tax risks and tax
planning and operational opportunities affect its income tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. For public business entities, the amendments in this
Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. For entities other than public business entities, the amendments are effective
for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025. Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made
available for issuance. The amendments in this Update should be applied on a prospective basis. Retrospective application is permitted. The Group is
currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on its consolidated financial statements.
F-40
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
3. Fair Value measurement
The following tables set forth, by level within the fair value hierarchy, financial assets measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023. As
required by ASC Topic 820, financial assets and financial liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to
the respective fair value measurement.
Listed equity securities, short term (a)
Listed equity securities, long term (b)
(a)
(b)
Included in short-term investments on the Group’s consolidated balance sheets.
Included in long-term investments on the Group’s consolidated balance sheets.
Recurring
Level 1
RMB
8,879
As of December 31, 2023
Level 3
RMB
—
Level 2
RMB
—
Total
RMB
8,879
Level 1
RMB
808
As of December 31, 2022
Level 3
RMB
—
Level 2
RMB
—
Total
RMB
808
The Group measures listed equity securities at fair value on a recurring basis. Other financial instruments are not measured at fair value, but for
which the fair value is estimated for disclosure purpose. The fair value of listed equity securities is determined based on the quoted market price (Level
1). For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, there were no transfers between level 1, 2 and 3 of fair value hierarchy classifications. The Group
recognized fair value change losses of RMB109 and RMB1,011 for the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash-current portion, accounts receivable, insurance premium receivables, amounts
due from related parties, other receivables, accounts payable, insurance premium payables, other payables and amount due to related parties approximate
their net carrying values reported in the consolidated balance sheets due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Restricted cash-non-current
portion and operating lease liabilities are measured at amortized cost using discounted rates reflected time value of money. As the market interest rate is
relatively stable during the reporting period, the carrying value of restricted cash-non-current portion approximated its fair value reported in the
consolidated balance sheets. Investment accounted for at fair value are measured at fair value.
Non-recurring
The Group measures certain financial assets, including equity securities without readily determinable fair value and investments under equity
method, at fair value on a non-recurring basis only if an impairment charge were to be recognized. The Group’s non-financial assets such as property,
equipment, software and licenses, would be measured at fair value only if they were determined to be impaired. The fair values of these financial assets
and non-financial assets are determined based on the similar transaction price in the market directly.
In accordance with the Group’s policy to perform an impairment assessment of its goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life on
an annual basis as of the balance sheets date or when facts and circumstances warrant a review, the Group performed an impairment assessment on its
goodwill and intangible assets with an indefinite useful life by reporting unit annually. The Group recognized an impairment charge of nil and
RMB1,950 for the intangible assets with an indefinite useful life for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
4. Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts by the Group consist of the following:
Accounts receivable
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts (a)
Accounts receivable, net
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
255,251
(4,584)
250,667
179,967
(1,673)
178,294
(a)
The movement of the Group’s allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized in note 18.
F-41
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
5. Related party balances and transactions
The table below sets major related parties of the Group and their relationships with the Group:
Entity or individual name
Cunjun Ma
Individual Director or Officer
Shareholders and minority shareholders
Xiaoke Huixuan (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xiaoke”)
Huibao Huipei (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd (“Huibao Huipei”)
Relationship with the Group
Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Group
Directors or Officers of the Group
Shareholders and minority shareholders
Company that the Group has significant influence on
Company that the Group has significant influence on
Details of related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
Service provided by related parties:
Technology service fee to Xiaoke
PPC advertisement service fee to Xiaoke
Channel cost to Huibao Huipei
Total
For the year ended December 31
2023
2021
2022
RMB
RMB RMB
11,609 7,259 1,887
412 — —
140 2,054 7,439
12,161 9,313 9,326
According to the cooperation agreements in 2021, 2022 and 2023, Xiaoke provides technology service to the Company, and Huibao Huipei serves
as one of the Company’s traffic channels.
Service provided to related parties:
Consulting service fee to Huibao Huipei
Total
For the year ended December 31
2023
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
RMB
728
970
—
728
970
—
The Company provides consulting service to Huibao Huipei according to the cooperation agreement in 2022 and 2023.
Details of related party balances as of December 31, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
Amounts due from related parties:
Shareholders
Huibao Huipei
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
149
340
489
106
277
383
F-42
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
5. Related party balances and transactions (Continued)
The amount due from related parties represents the advance miscellaneous fees for shareholders and the receivable for consulting service provided
to Huibao Huipei.
Amounts due to related parties:
Xiaoke
Huibao Huipei
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
495
—
495
2,000
451
2,451
The amount due to Xiaoke represents the payable for technology service and the amount due to Huibao Huipei represents the payable for channel
promotion service.
6. Prepaid expenses and other receivables and other assets
Prepaid expenses and other receivables and other assets consist of the following, with current portion presented as prepaid expenses and other
receivables and non-current portion presented as other assets:
Current portion:
Prepaid input value-added tax
VAT refund receivable
Rental and other deposits
Advances to suppliers
Interest receivables (a)
Advances to staff (b)
Directors and officers liability insurance premium
Claim advance on behalf of insurer
Prepayment for share repurchase
Advances to a third party (c)
Others
Less: Allowance for doubtful accounts (d)
Non-current portion:
Advances to long-term assets
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
32,083
4,827
9,609
10,230
2,467
397
658
53
898
10,000
1,596
72,818
(1,000)
71,818
18,317
9,329
9,732
5,517
842
734
224
46
1,016
33,000
724
79,481
(697)
78,784
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
279
279
419
419
(a)
(b)
This represented accrued interest income on bank deposits.
This represented advances to staff of the Group for daily business operations which are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.
F-43
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
6. Prepaid expenses and other receivables and other assets (Continued)
(c)
(d)
The amounts represent advances to a third party which are interest-bearing at a fixed interest rate of 5% for the year ended December 31, 2022 and
at a fixed interest rate of 3.6% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The movement of the Group’s allowance for doubtful accounts is summarized in note 18.
7. Property, Plant and Equipment, net
Property, plant and equipment, net, consist of the following:
Buildings
Computer and electronic equipment
Leasehold improvements
Office furniture and equipment
Motor vehicles
Total
Less: Accumulated depreciation (1)
Property, equipment and equipment, net
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
—
27,439
28,124
10,330
2,448
68,341
(29,823)
38,518
25,712
29,343
29,109
9,550
2,448
96,162
(42,055)
54,107
(1) Depreciation expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB6,474, RMB17,319 and RMB12,413, respectively.
No impairment for property, plant and equipment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
8. Intangible assets, net
The intangible assets, net consisted of the following:
Insurance agency license (1)
Insurance brokerage license (1)
Insurance adjusting license
Software and system
Domain name
Total
Less: Accumulated amortization (2)
Allowance for impairment (3)
Intangible assets, net
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
45,150
2,647
3,067
5,695
580
57,139
(3,641)
—
53,498
40,817
6,526
3,067
6,571
580
57,561
(4,868)
(1,950)
50,743
(1) During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Group’s disposal of a subsidiary resulted in a decrease of RMB4,333 in insurance agency license,
and the Group’s acquisition of a subsidiary resulted in an increase of RMB3,879 in insurance brokerage license.
The addition of insurance brokerage license was derived from the acquisition of Synergy Wealth Management Limited. During the year ended
December 31, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of Synergy Wealth Management Limited. Since substantially all the fair value of the
assets acquired from acquiree company was concentrated in a single asset, the acquiree company did not meet the criteria of a business and the
transaction was accounted for as an asset acquisition.
F-44
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
8. Intangible assets, net (Continued)
(2) Amortization expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB950, RMB1,201 and RMB1,227, respectively.
The amortization of the coming 5 years is:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
As of
December 31, 2023
RMB
763
500
188
76
59
(3) As of December 31, 2023, the management assessed the impairment of the Group’s indefinite-lived intangible assets based on available industry
or market data and trade publications, and determined that it was more likely than not that the fair values of certain asset groups were less than
their carrying amounts, which resulted that an impairment loss of the insurance agency license of RMB720 and an impairment loss of the
insurance brokerage license of RMB1,230 were recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023.
F-45
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
9. Long-term investments
Balances at January 1, 2021
Additions
Share of earnings/(loss) of an equity investee
Fair value change
Realized gain/(loss)
Exchange adjustments
Impairment
Disposal
Balances at December 31, 2021
Balances at January 1, 2022
Additions
Share of earnings/(loss) of an equity investee
Fair value change
Exchange adjustments
Disposal
Balances at December 31, 2022
Balances at January 1, 2023
Share of earnings/(loss) of an equity investee
Fair value change
Realized gain/(loss)
Exchange adjustments
Disposal
Balances at December 31, 2023
Equity
investments
measured under
measurement
alternative
RMB
24,695
12,500
—
—
—
—
(1,610)
(890)
34,695
34,695
—
—
—
—
(1,000)
33,695
33,695
—
—
—
—
—
33,695
Equity
Method
RMB
21,389
9,900
2,660
—
—
—
—
—
33,949
33,949
10,000
(2,200)
—
—
—
41,749
41,749
417
—
—
—
—
42,166
F-46
Investment
accounted for
at fair value
RMB
Equity
investments
measured under
NAV practical
expedient
RMB
—
4,641
—
(1,339)
265
203
—
(2,930)
840
840
—
—
(109)
77
—
808
808
—
—
78
(12)
(874)
—
—
6,373
—
(2,885)
—
29
—
—
3,517
3,517
—
—
(2,675)
211
—
1,053
1,053
—
(257)
—
31
—
827
Total
RMB
46,084
33,414
2,660
(4,224)
265
232
(1,610)
(3,820)
73,001
73,001
10,000
(2,200)
(2,784)
288
(1,000)
77,305
77,305
417
(257)
78
19
(874)
76,688
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
9. Long-term investments (Continued)
Equity method
As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group’s investments accounted for under the equity method were RMB33,949, RMB41,749 and
RMB42,167, respectively. The Group applies the equity method of accounting to account for its equity investments over which it has significant
influence but does not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Group invested RMB19,000 in cash for 49.26% equity interest in a private equity fund, Nanjing
Qiqian Alpha Equity Investment LLP, and RMB2,450 in cash for 49% equity interest in a technology service company, Huibao Huipei. As the Group
has significant influence over these companies, the investments were accounted for using the equity method.
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Group invested RMB5,000 in cash for 49% equity interest in a technology service company,
Xiaoke, and RMB4,900 in cash for 47.62% equity interest in a private equity fund, Shanghai Dewu Chuxing Investment Management Partnership
(Limited Partnership). As the Group has significant influence over these companies, the investments were accounted for using the equity method.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Group paid RMB10,000 of its subscribed capital contribution to Shanghai Dewu Chuxing
Investment Management Partnership (Limited Partnership). Since this contribution has not affected the Group’s proportion of equity interest in this
investment, the Group still used equity method to account for this investment.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, no new investments accounted under the equity method was made.
Investment accounted for at fair value
The Group paid RMB2,665 in cash to invest in private equity fund CCBT LANIAKEA CAPITAL FUND I L.P. in March 2021 and RMB1,976 in
cash in stock of Nayuki in June 2021. The Group elected the fair value option in accordance with ASC 825 to account for the investments and
recognized the fair value change in its consolidated statements of comprehensive income/(loss). In May 2021, the Group sold the investment in CCBT
LANIAKEA CAPITAL FUND I L.P. and recognized investment gain of RMB265. For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Group
recognized a fair value loss of RMB1,339 and RMB109 for the investment in the stock of Nayuki, respectively. In March 2023, the Group sold the stock
of Nayuki and recognized investment gain of RMB78.
Equity investments measured under measurement alternative and NAV practical expedient
Equity investments without readily determinable fair values include investments in a private equity fund accounted for under NAV practical
expedient, and investments in private companies accounted for under measurement alternative.
Investment in private equity funds over which the Group does not have the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the
NAV practical expedient. In March 2021, the Group paid RMB6,373 in cash to invest in private investment fund of Right Time SPC. The Group does
not have the ability to exercise significant influence and elect to account for the investment under the NAV practical expedient. During the years ended
December 31, 2021 , 2022 and 2023, the Group recognized a fair value loss of RMB2,885 ,RMB2,675 and RMB257, respectively.
As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group held investment in certain equity investments measured under measurement alternative.
Impairment during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB1,610, nil and nil, respectively.
F-47
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
10. Short-term borrowing
Bank borrowings (1)
Current portion of long-term borrowings (2)
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
130,000
20,000
150,000
30,000
—
30,000
(1)
(2)
The Group obtained short-term borrowings to support its operation. The borrowings bear interest rates ranging from 4.60% to 5.00% for the year
ended December 31, 2022 and an interest rate of 3.20% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table summarizes the details of the Group’s long-term borrowings:
Type
Maturity
Date
Bank loan
Less: Current portion of long-term borrowings
May 19, 2023
11. Other payables and accrued expenses
Other payable and accrued expenses consist of the following:
Principal
Amount
20,000
Interest
Rate
Per Annum
4.75%
As of
December 31,
2022
RMB
20,000
(20,000)
—
December 31,
2023
RMB
—
—
—
Other tax payables
Other payable to suppliers
Accrued marketing expense -loyalty points
Professional fees
Advances from the insured
Interest payable
Deposits
Payable for asset acquisition
Withholding social security costs and housing benefits
Deferred income
Others
F-48
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
14,994
8,915
4,643
6,211
3,251
746
258
—
14,717
2,395
2,121
58,251
9,004
8,578
3,547
5,092
2,892
48
352
910
1,196
1,429
1,802
34,850
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
12. Employee benefits
Full-time employees of the Group in the PRC are entitled to welfare benefits including pension insurance, medical insurance unemployment
insurance, maternity insurance, on-the-job injury insurance, and housing fund plans through a PRC government-mandated defined contribution plan.
Chinese labor regulations require that the Group makes contributions to the government for these benefits based on certain percentages of the
employees’ salaries, up to a maximum amount specified by the local government. The Group has no legal obligation for the benefits beyond the
contributions. Total contributions by the Group for such employee benefits were RMB64,238, RMB54,641 and RMB51,426 for the years ended
December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
13. Income taxes
Cayman Islands
The Company was incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on
income or capital gain. Additionally, upon payments of dividends to the shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.
Hong Kong
Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, the subsidiary established in Hong Kong is subject to 16.5% income tax rate on its
taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong. Additionally, payments of dividends by the subsidiaries incorporated in Hong Kong to the
Company are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.
China
The Company’s subsidiaries, consolidated VIE and subsidiary of the VIE established in the PRC are mainly subject to statutory income tax at a
rate of 25%.
On April 14, 2008, relevant governmental regulatory authorities released qualification criteria, application procedures and assessment processes
for “high and new technology enterprises” (“HNTE”). The HNTE will be entitled to a favorable statutory tax rate of 15%. An enterprise’s qualification
as a HNTE is reassessed by the relevant PRC governmental authorities every three years. On November 2, 2018, the local governments announced that
Huize Shidai was qualified as HNTE and was subject to a preferential statutory tax rate of 15% since then. On October 9, 2021, the Chengdu Huize was
also qualified as HNTE and was subject to a preferential statutory tax rate of 15% since then. Accordingly, Huize Shidai and Chengdu Huize are taxed at
a rate of 15%, subject to reassessment.
The Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) Law includes a provision specifying that legal entities organized outside of the PRC will be considered
resident enterprises for the PRC income tax purposes if the place of effective management or control is within the PRC. The implementation rules to the
EIT Law provide that non-resident legal entities will be considered as PRC resident enterprises if substantial and overall management and control over
the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc., occurs within the PRC. Despite the present uncertainties resulting
from the limited PRC tax guidance on the issue, the Group does not believe that the Group’s entities organized outside of the PRC should be treated as
resident enterprises for the PRC income tax purposes. If the PRC tax authorities subsequently determine that the Company and its subsidiary registered
outside the PRC should be deemed resident enterprises, the Company and its subsidiary registered outside the PRC will be subject to the PRC income
tax, at a rate of 25%.
F-49
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
13. Income taxes (Continued)
The EIT Law also imposes a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a FIE to its immediate holding company outside of
China, if such immediate holding company is considered as a non-resident enterprise without any establishment or place within China or if the received
dividends have no connection with the establishment or place of such immediate holding company within China, unless such immediate holding
company’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement. The Cayman Islands, where
the Company incorporated, does not have such tax treaty with China. According to the arrangement between the mainland China and Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region on the Avoidance of Double Taxation and Prevention of Fiscal Evasion in August 2006, dividends paid by an FIE in
China to its immediate holding company in Hong Kong will be subject to withholding tax at a rate of no more than 5% (if the foreign investor owns
directly at least 25% of the shares of the FIE). In accordance with accounting guidance, all undistributed earnings are presumed to be transferred to the
parent company and are subject to the withholding taxes. All FIEs are subject to the withholding tax from January 1, 2008. Under U.S. GAAP,
undistributed earnings are presumed to be transferred to the parent company and are subject to the withholding taxes. The presumption may be
overcome if the Group has sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the undistributed dividends will be re-invested and the remittance of the dividends
will be postponed indefinitely. The Group does not intend to have any of its PRC subsidiaries or VIEs distribute any undistributed profits of such
subsidiaries or VIEs to their direct overseas parent companies, but rather intends that such profits will be permanently reinvested by such subsidiaries
and VIEs for their PRC operations. As of December 31, 2023, the VIEs are in accumulative loss situation, no withholding tax needs to be accrued and
no unrecognized tax liabilities exist.
Composition of income tax expense
The current and deferred portions of income tax expenses are nil during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 are as follows:
Tax reconciliation
Reconciliation between the income tax expense computed by applying the EIT tax rate to income before income taxes and actual provision were
as follows:
Profit/(Loss) before income tax
Tax expense/(benefit) at EIT tax rate of 25%
Effect of different tax rates applicable to different subsidiaries of the Group
Changes in valuation allowance
Income not subject to tax
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
Research and development tax credit
Effect on deferred tax assets due to change in tax rates
Income tax expense
F-50
(3,195)
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
RMB
(107,717) (33,740) 70,554
(26,929) (8,435) 17,639
827 4,785
37,948 16,154 (7,578)
(895)
(769)
2,872 5,608 1,955
(12,627) (12,442) (15,906)
2,700 — —
— — —
(59)
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
13. Income taxes (Continued)
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
The following tables sets forth the significant components of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities:
Deferred tax assets
Advertising expenses
Net accumulated losses carry forward
Depreciation and amortization
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Impairment of intangible assets
Accrued expenses
Operating lease liabilities
Gross deferred tax assets
Less: valuation allowance
Net deferred tax assets
Deferred tax liabilities
Intangible assets
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Gain on equity method investee
Variable consideration of renewal income
Gross deferred tax liabilities
Movement of valuation allowance
Balance at the beginning of the year
Additions
Acquisition of subsidiaries
Reversals
Expiration
Disposal of subsidiaries
Balance at end of the year
December 31, 2022
RMB
December 31, 2023
RMB
1,569
94,697
338
1,505
—
6,640
45,639
150,388
(90,049)
60,339
12,491
45,638
605
14,096
72,830
1,668
80,592
335
1,901
383
5,364
35,640
125,883
(76,937)
48,946
12,048
35,639
605
12,702
60,994
For the years Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
RMB
34,501 73,596 90,049
37,961 20,122 6,404
22
1,147 1,529
(13) (3,968) (13,982)
(166) (5,404)
—
— (1,064)
(152)
73,596 90,049 76,937
Valuation allowance is provided against deferred tax assets when the Group determines that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets
will not be utilized in the future. The Group considers positive and negative evidence to determine whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets
will be more-likely-than-not realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses and forecasts
of future profitability. These assumptions require significant judgment, and the forecasts of future taxable income are consistent with the plans and
estimates the Group is using to manage the underlying businesses. The statutory rate of 25%, 15% or 16.5%, depending on which entity, was applied
when calculating deferred tax assets.
F-51
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
13. Income taxes (Continued)
Movement of valuation allowanc (Continued)
As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Group had tax on net operating loss carryforwards of approximately RMB67,714, RMB94,697 and
RMB80,592, respectively, which arose from the subsidiaries, VIE and the VIE’s subsidiary established in PRC. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and
2023, of the tax on net operating loss carryforwards, RMB67,109, RMB94,092 and RMB79,987 was provided for valuation allowance respectively,
while the remaining RMB605, RMB605 and RMB605 is expected to be utilized prior to expiration considering future taxable income for respective
entities. In 2021, the net operating loss carry forward of Huize Insurance Brokerage, Huize Shidai and Chengdu Huize was provided for the addition of
valuation allowance. In 2022, the addition of valuation allowance was mainly provided by the net operating loss carry forward of Chengdu Huize and
other certain subsidiaries of VIE, because it was more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized based on the Group’s estimates of
its future taxable income. In 2022, the reversal of valuation allowance was mainly caused by the decrease of net operation loss carry forward of Huize
Insurance Brokerage. In 2023, the addition of valuation allowance was mainly provided by the net operating loss carry forward of Chengdu Huize and
other certain subsidiaries of VIE. In 2023, the reversal of valuation allowance was mainly caused by the increase in net operation profit of Huize
Insurance Brokerage offsetting accumulated deductible losses.
According to the Circular of relevant governmental regulatory authorities of Taxation on Extending the Loss Carry-over Period of High-tech
Enterprises and High-tech SMEs (Cai Shui [2018] No. 76), from January 1, 2018, the enterprises that have the qualifications of high-tech enterprises or
high-tech SMEs will be able to make up for the losses that have not been utilized in the previous five years before the qualification year. The longest
carry-over period is extended from 5 years to 10 years. As of December 31, 2023, the net operating loss carryforwards will expire during the period
from 2024 to 2032, if unused.
Uncertain tax positions
The liabilities associated with uncertain tax position are RMB2,440 and RMB2,440 as of December 31, 2022 and 2023. The Group did not accrue
any potential penalties and interest related to these uncertain tax positions for all years presented on the basis that the likelihood of penalties and interest
being charged is not considered to be probable.
The amounts of uncertain tax positions listed above are based on the recognition and measurement criteria of ASC 740. However, due to the
uncertain and complex application of tax regulations, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of uncertain tax positions may result in liabilities which
could be materially different from these estimates. The Group does not expect changes in uncertain tax positions recognized as of December 31, 2023 to
be material in the next twelve months. In general, the PRC tax authorities have up to five years and in certain cases up to 10 years to conduct
examinations of the tax filings of the Group. There are no ongoing examinations by tax authorities as of December 31, 2023.
F-52
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
14. Common shares
The Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association authorizes the Company to issue up to 4,549,953,780 common shares with a par value
of US$0.00001 per shares. As of December 31, 2019, the Company has 483,310,373 shares issued and outstanding. Each common share is entitled to
one vote.
On February 12, 2020, the Company completed its IPO on the Nasdaq Global Market. 5,322,453 ADSs (including 72,453 ADSs sold upon the full
exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment options), representing 106,449,060 Class A common shares, were issued and sold to the public at a price of
US$10.5 per ADS.
Upon the completion of IPO, the Group divided its common shares into Class A common shares and Class B common shares. Holders of Class A
common shares will be entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B common shares will be entitled to 15 votes per share. Each Class B
common share is convertible into one Class A common share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A common shares are not convertible into
Class B common shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of Class B common shares by a holder thereof to
any person or entity that is not an affiliate of such holder, such Class B common shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal
number of Class A common shares.
All of the 150,591,207 common shares held by Huidz Holding Limited, an entity controlled by Mr. Cunjun Ma, the chairman of the board of
directors and the chief executive officer, was re-designated as Class B common shares. Upon the completion of IPO, Mr. Cunjun Ma beneficially owned
an aggregate of 150,591,207 Class B common shares, which represented 76.4% of the Company’s total voting power. All the issued and outstanding
redeemable preferred shares and the rest of common shares converted into Class A common shares on a one-for-one basis.
The holders of common shares are also entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the Board of
Directors, subject to prior rights of holders of all other classes of shares outstanding.
In March 2022 and March 2023, board of directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may apply existing funds to
purchase up to an aggregate of US$5 million worth of the Company’s ADSs over the next 12 months, depending on market conditions and in
accordance with applicable laws and the Company’s securities trading policy.
As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Company repurchased 826,730 ADSs in total (equivalent to 16,534,600 shares) and 2,343,397 ADSs in
total (equivalent to 46,867,940 shares), respectively, and the costs of treasury stock were RMB15,306 and RMB28,580, respectively.
F-53
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
15. Share-based compensation
Share-based compensation was recognized in operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 as follows:
Cost of revenue
Selling expenses
General and administrative expenses
Research and development expenses
Global Share Incentive Plan
For the year Ended
December 31,
2022
2021
RMB
2023
RMB RMB
(387)
(7)
11
(475) 1,041 286
(665) 9,151 1,997
208 (167)
(297)
(1,824) 10,411 2,109
In June 2019, the Company adopted a Global Share Incentive Plan (the “Global Plan”), which includes Option Plan, Restricted Shares Plan and
Shares Award.
Option Plan
Under the Option Award Agreement, options which granted to employees vest upon satisfaction of a service condition, which is generally satisfied
over four years. Additionally, the Option Grant includes a condition where employees can only exercise vested options upon the occurrence of that the
Company’s common shares become listed securities, which substantially creates a performance condition (“IPO Condition”). Meanwhile, the Company
offers their employees broker-assisted cashless exercise programs to help the employees exercise their stock options without having to use their personal
funds to pay for the exercise price. The options are classified as liability-classified award. As of December 31, 2019, the Company granted 19,463,440
share options to certain of its employees. The Company finished its initial public offering in February 2020, the share-based compensation cost was
recognized accordingly.
During the year ended 2022 and 2023, 21,631,945 extra share options and 37,060,000 extra share options were granted, respectively.
F-54
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
15. Share-based compensation (Continued)
Option Plan (Continued)
The following table summarized the Company’s activities under the Option Plan for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
Outstanding at January 1, 2021
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding at December 31, 2021
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2021
Outstanding at January 1, 2022
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding at December 31, 2022
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2022
Outstanding at January 1, 2023
Granted
Exercised
Forfeited
Outstanding at December 31, 2023
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023
Number of options
16,154,051
21,631,945
(201,040)
(740,231)
36,844,725
11,884,664
36,844,725
—
—
(3,020,669)
33,824,056
24,166,379
33,824,056
37,060,000
(1,232,560)
(7,571,687)
62,079,809
40,417,309
Weighted average
exercise price (US$)
0.1607
0.1609
0.1607
0.1607
0.1608
0.1709
0.1608
—
—
0.1515
0.1616
0.1640
0.1616
0.0600
0.0575
0.0583
0.0589
0.0583
The following table summarizes information regarding the share options outstanding as of December 31, 2023:
Outstanding
Exercisable
Expected to vest
As of December 31, 2023
Options
number
62,079,809
40,417,309
21,662,500
Weighted
average exercise
price per option
US$
0.0589
0.0583
0.0600
Weighted average
remaining
contractual life
(years)
8.05
7.43
9.21
Aggregate
intrinsic value
US$
—
—
—
The weighted average fair value of the options was US$ 0.0192 and US$ 0.0161 per option as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively.
The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the underlying stock at
December 31, 2023.
F-55
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
15. Share-based compensation (Continued)
Option Plan (Continued)
The fair value of the option plan was estimated on the date of each balance sheet date using the binomial option pricing model with the
assumptions (or ranges thereof) in the following table:
Exercise price (US$)
Expected forfeiture rate (post-vesting)
Expected volatility
Excepted term (in years)
Expected dividend yield
Risk-free interest rate
Weighted average
2022
0.1616
5.86%
51.70%
7.67
0%
3.9302%
2023
0.0589
11.52%
52.10%
8.05
0%
3.8875%
Risk-free interest rate is estimated based on the yield curve of US Treasury BVAL Curve from Bloomberg as of the option valuation date. The
expected volatility at the grant date and each option valuation date is estimated based on annualized standard deviation of daily stock price return of
comparable companies with a time horizon close to the expected expiry of the term of the options. The Group does not anticipate any dividend payments
in the foreseeable future. Expected term is the contract life of the options.
Employees Restricted Shares Plan
Under the Employees Restricted Shares Award Agreement, restricted shares which granted to employees vest upon satisfaction of a service
condition and a performance condition, which is generally satisfied over four years. The restriction will be removed along with the satisfaction of the
service condition. In March 2021, the Company granted additional 320,000 restricted shares to the senior management pursuant to the Global Plan. No
restricted shares were granted during the year ended 2022 and 2023.
The following table summarized the Company’s restricted shares activities under the Employees Restricted Shares Plan for the years ended
December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023:
Non-vested at January 1, 2021
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Non-vested at December 31, 2021
Non-vested at January 1, 2022
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Non-vested at December 31, 2022
Non-vested at January 1, 2023
Granted
Vested
Forfeited
Non-vested at December 31, 2023
Options to employees
13,332,607
320,000
(4,925,510)
(613,553)
8,113,544
8,113,544
—
(4,519,185)
(163,614)
3,430,745
3,430,745
—
(2,145,701)
(72,988)
1,212,056
Weighted average
grant-date fair value
—
2.49
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
F-56
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
15. Share-based compensation (Continued)
Employees Restricted Shares Plan (Continued)
Restricted shares granted to employees are measured based on their grant-date fair values and recognized as compensation cost on a graded-
vesting method over the requisite 2.25 to 4 years’ service period. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted shares granted for the years
ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 were RMB2.49 per share, nil and nil, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, there were a
total of RMB11,355, RMB8,163 and RMB463 share-based compensation expenses recognized, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023,
there were RMB11,883, RMB770 and nil unrecognized share-based compensation, respectively.
Shares Award
Under the Shares Award Agreement, 14,229,183 common shares were awarded to Mr. Cunjun Ma directly through an entity wholly owned by
Mr. Cunjun Ma with no consideration on June 30, 2019. The fair value of the shares awarded was RMB4.20 per share, and a total of RMB59,778 share-
based compensation expense was recognized on June 30, 2019. No shares were awarded during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023.
16. Operating revenue
Brokerage income
-Life and Health insurance business
-Property and Casualty insurance business
Brokerage income subtotal
Other income
Total operating revenue
17. Selling expense
Salaries and employment benefits
Advertising and marketing expenses
Rental and utilities expenses
Traveling expenses
Office expenses
Depreciation and amortizations
Business development
Share-based compensation expenses
Others
Total
F-57
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
2021
RMB
61,486
2,170,767 1,046,469 1,043,497
62,183 101,036
2,232,253 1,108,652 1,144,533
51,019
2,245,016 1,157,908 1,195,552
49,256
12,763
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
RMB
222,428 166,588 140,016
97,945 31,026 31,148
13,781 15,358 17,169
3,209
3,085
1,135
1,016
286
7,197
350,573 231,664 204,261
1,911
4,086
1,101
827
1,041
9,726
3,734
5,623
680
761
(475)
6,096
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
18. General and administrative expenses
Salaries and employment benefits
Professional service expenses
Rental and utilities expenses
Depreciation and amortizations
Office expenses
Bad debt expense
Bank charges
Directors and officers liability insurance premium
VAT Surcharge
Share-based compensation expenses
Traveling expenses
Other
Total
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
2021
RMB
RMB
RMB
87,321 59,484 54,608
31,868 18,858 19,676
33,486 25,056 11,455
7,668
5,077
3,517
3,419
3,125
2,869
1,997
1,508
4,485
197,619 154,715 119,404
2,195 11,448
6,177
8,532
2,415
1,445
3,048
7,955
7,891
7,798
3,529
6,954
9,151
(665)
786
1,675
6,872
9,055
The following table sets forth the movement of the Group’s allowance for doubtful accounts, including the cumulative effect of the changes on the
Group’s consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2023 due to the adoption of ASC 326.
As of January 1, 2022
Additional allowance, net of recoveries
As of December 31, 2022
Adjustments due to the adoption of ASC 326
As of January 1, 2023
Additional allowance, net of recoveries
As of December 31, 2023
19. Investment income/(loss)
Cash and
cash
equivalents
RMB
—
—
—
551
551
(31)
520
Contract
assets
RMB
—
—
—
478
478
93
571
Accounts
receivable
RMB
3,169
1,415
4,584
(2,928)
1,656
17
1,673
Insurance
premium
receivables
RMB
—
—
—
—
—
988
988
Other
receivables
RMB
—
1,000
1,000
(803)
197
500
697
Total
RMB
3,169
2,415
5,584
(2,702)
2,882
1,567
4,449
Fair value change of investments accounted for at fair value
Fair value change of equity investments measured under NAV practical expedient
Dividends received from equity investments
Impairment loss related to equity investments measured under measurement alternative
Realized gain/(loss) related to the investments accounted for at fair value
Gain on disposal of subsidiary
Fair value change of short-term investments
Total
F-58
241
2021
RMB
(1,339)
(2,885) (2,675)
237
For the Year Ended December 31,
2023
2022
RMB
RMB
(109) —
(257)
361
(1,610) — —
78
265 —
—
(749)
331
— — (1,089)
(5,328) (2,216) (1,656)
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
20. Net profit/(loss) per share
Basic net profit/(loss) per share and diluted net profit/(loss) per share have been calculated in accordance with ASC 260 on computation of
earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 as follows:
Numerator:
Net profit/(loss)
Less: Net profit/(loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common shares and redeemable preferred
shares
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common shareholders-Basic and diluted
Denominator:
Denominator for basic profit/(loss) per share weighted-average common
shares outstanding
Dilutive effect of restricted shares
Dilutive effect of share options
Denominator for diluted profit/(loss) per share weighted-average
common shares outstanding
Basic and diluted profit/(loss) per share
For the Year Ended December 31,
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
2021
RMB
(107,717)
(51)
(33,740)
(2,553)
(107,666)
(107,666)
(31,187)
(31,187)
70,554
366
70,188
70,188
1,021,861,206 1,021,958,881 1,000,940,698
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,021,861,206 1,021,958,881 1,000,940,698
0.07
(0.03)
(0.11)
The potentially dilutive securities that were not included in the calculation of above dilutive net profit/(loss) per share in the years presented where
their inclusion would be anti-diluted include restricted shares of 4,054,623 shares, 11,273,390 shares and 1,347,076 shares for the years ended
December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively, and share options of nil, 20,246,077 shares and 5,279,732 shares for the years ended December 31,
2021, 2022 and 2023 on a weighted average basis, respectively.
21. Lease
The following table presents balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the Group’s leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets
Operating lease liabilities
F-59
As of
December 31, 2022
RMB
162,180
186,107
As of
December 31, 2023
RMB
115,946
146,248
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
21. Lease (Continued)
Lease expenses for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For short-term leases over which the Group has elected
not to apply the recognition requirements of ASC 842, the Group has recognized the lease payments as expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease
term. For the years ended December 31, 2021,2022 and 2023, total lease cost comprised of the following:
Operating lease cost
Short term lease cost
Total lease cost
2022
RMB
For the Year Ended December 31,
2021
RMB
2023
RMB
46,102 39,476 34,142
385 1,724 3,639
46,487 41,200 37,781
The following table presents the maturity of the Group’s operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023:
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
Thereafter
Total operating lease payments (undiscounted)
Less: Imputed interest
Total operating lease liabilities (discounted)
As of
December 31,
2023
RMB
23,719
21,943
23,078
24,274
25,687
55,635
174,336
(28,088)
146,248
As of December 31, 2023, the Group has no significant lease contract that has been entered into but not yet commenced.
Supplemental cash flow information related to the operating leases was as follow:
Cash paid for amounts included in operating lease liabilities
For the Year Ended
December 31,
2022
RMB
2023
RMB
24,554 21,312
Pursuant to the lease agreements dated in March, April and December 2023, the Group’s certain leased space was decreased, which led to
terminations and partial terminations of the lease contracts. The difference between the decrease in the carrying amount of the lease liabilities and the
proportionate decrease in the carrying amount of the right-of-use assets was recorded as others, net of RMB5,923 in consolidated statements of
comprehensive income/(loss). The decrease of lease liabilities constituted a non-cash financing activity.
F-60
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
22. Commitments and contingencies
The Group had investment commitments of RMB11,000 and RMB nil as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023.
23. Restricted net asset
Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by the Group’s entities incorporated in the PRC only out of their retained
earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, the Company’s entities in the PRC are
required to annually appropriate 10% of their net after-tax income to the statutory general reserve fund prior to payment of any dividends, unless such
reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, the
Company’s entities incorporated in the PRC are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of
dividends, loans or advances. Even though the Company currently does not require any such dividends, loans or advances from the PRC entities for
working capital and other funding purposes, the Company may in the future require additional cash resources from them due to changes in business
conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely to declare and pay dividends or distributions to its shareholders. In addition,
restricted cash and insurance premium receivables of the VIE and its subsidiaries can only be used to settle relevant obligations of the VIE and its
subsidiaries. Except for the above, there is no other restriction on use of proceeds generated by the Group’s subsidiaries and VIE to satisfy any
obligations of the Company. As of December 31, 2023, the restricted net assets of the Group’s relevant PRC entities amounted to RMB308,341.
Furthermore, cash transfers from the Company’s PRC subsidiaries to their parent companies outside of China are subject to PRC government control of
currency conversion. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of the PRC subsidiaries and consolidated affiliated entities
to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to the Company, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated
obligations.
24. Parent company only condensed financial information
The condensed financial information of the Company has been prepared in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rule 5-04 and Rule 12-04, using
the same accounting policies as set out in the Group’s consolidated financial statements, except that the Company uses the equity method to account for
investments in its subsidiaries and VIE.
Certain information and footnote disclosures generally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been
condensed and omitted. The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company, as such, these statements
are not the general- purpose financial statements of the reporting entity and should be read in conjunction with the notes to the consolidated financial
statements of the Company.
The Company did not have significant capital and other commitments or guarantees as of December 31, 2023. The subsidiaries did not pay any
dividend to the Company for the years presented.
F-61
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
24. Parent company only condensed financial information (Continued)
Balance sheet
Assets
As of December 31,
2023
2022
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
Cash and cash equivalent, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
Amount due from related parties
Prepaid expense and other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
Long-term investments
Total assets
Liabilities and Shareholders’ equity
Other payables and accrued expenses
Contract liabilities
Payroll and welfare payable
Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Class A common shares (US$0.00001 par value; 7,000,000,000 shares authorized as
of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 894,456,046 shares issued as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 873,068,986 shares and 843,968,206
shares outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Class B common shares (US$0.00001 par value; 800,000,000 shares authorized as of
December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively; 150,591,207 shares issued and
outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2023, respectively)
Treasury stock (16,534,600 shares and 46,867,940 shares as of December 31, 2022
and December 31, 2023, respectively)
Additional paid-in capital
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
Accumulated deficit
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
F-62
5,613
149
5,296
106
746
15
316,172 306,894 43,227
44,307 118,319 16,665
366,241 430,615 60,653
17,892 17,896
1,783
5,783
25,362 25,462
3,332
4,138
2,521
251
815
3,587
62
62
10
10
9
1
(15,306) (28,580)
(4,025)
904,935 905,958 127,602
(17,695) (14,060)
(1,980)
(531,127) (458,237) (64,541)
340,879 405,153 57,066
366,241 430,615 60,653
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
24. Parent company only condensed financial information (Continued)
Statement of Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Operating revenue
Other income
Total operating revenue
Operating cost and expenses
General and administrative expenses
Operating loss
Other expense
Interest income
Unrealized exchange income
Profit/(loss) before income tax, and share of loss of subsidiaries and VIEs
Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and VIEs
Net profit/(loss)
Net profit/(loss) attributable to common shareholders
Net profit/(loss)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax
Total comprehensive income/(loss)
F-63
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2023
RMB
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
1,269 1,553 1,643
1,269 1,553 1,643
231
231
(5,994) (4,614) (5,996)
(4,725) (3,061) (4,353)
(846)
(615)
(4,721) (3,061) (4,353)
4 —
— —
1 —
(1) —
(615)
(102,945) (28,126) 74,541 10,499
(107,666) (31,187) 70,188 9,884
(107,666) (31,187) 70,188 9,884
(107,666) (31,187) 70,188 9,884
512
(112,989) (21,587) 73,823 10,396
(5,323) 9,600 3,635
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
24. Parent company only condensed financial information (Continued)
Statement of cash flows
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net profit/(loss)
Adjustments to reconcile net profit/(loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Unrealized exchange (income)/loss
Share of income/(loss) of subsidiaries and VIEs
Expected credit loss expenses
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase/(decrease) in other payables and accrued expenses
Increase/(decrease) in contract liabilities
(Increase)/decrease in prepaid expense and other receivables
(Increase)/decrease in accounts receivable and contract assets
(Increase)/decrease in amount due from related parties
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities
Cash flows from investing activities:
Investments in subsidiaries and consolidated VIEs
Payments of inter-company balances
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from exercise of options
Repurchase of Class A common shares
Proceeds from inter-company balances
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of year
F-64
Year Ended December 31,
2021
2022
2023
RMB
RMB
RMB
US$
Note 2(f)
(107,666) (31,187) 70,188 9,884
— —
1 —
102,945 28,126 (74,541) (10,499)
3 —
(615)
(4,721) (3,061) (4,349)
— —
(4,730) —
4
4,555 (1,223) (1,549)
1
(218)
21 22,800 8,754 1,233
216 — — —
6
83
407
43
(4,576) 18,473 2,903
(43)
(247) — — —
(1)
(1)
(161,216) (23,376)
(161,463) (23,376)
(6)
(6)
560
497 —
79
(3,003) (6,659) (13,392) (1,886)
— — 9,461 1,333
(474)
22
(46)
791
745
(2,506) (6,659) (3,371)
158
(2,381)
884
(170,926) (10,678)
(316)
187,217 16,291 5,613
16,291 5,613 5,297
Table of Contents
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(All amounts in thousands, except share data, or otherwise noted)
25. Subsequent events
The Company evaluated its subsequent events through April 19, 2023, the date on which these financial statements were issued. Except for the
below transaction, there is no material events or transactions needing recognition or disclosure found.
F-65
Principal Subsidiaries and Affiliated Entities of The Registrant
Subsidiaries
Name of Subsidiary
Smart Choice Ventures Limited
Hong Kong Smart Choice Ventures Limited
Huize Hong Kong Insurance Broker Limited
Synergy Wealth Management Limited
Zhixuan International Management Consulting (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd.
Consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries
Name of Consolidated affiliated entities and their subsidiaries
Shenzhen Huiye Tianze Investment Holding Co., Ltd.
Huize Insurance Brokerage Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Huize Shidai Technology Co., Ltd.
Huize (Chengdu) Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Zhixuan Wealth Investment Management Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Detong Insurance Agency Co., Ltd.
Shanghai Huiju Haoshi Information Technology Co., Ltd.
Shenzhen Huize Business Management Co., Ltd.
Exhibit 8.1
Jurisdiction of
Incorporation
British Virgin Islands
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
PRC
Jurisdiction of
Incorporation
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
PRC
Exhibit 12.1
Certification by the Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Cunjun Ma, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Huize Holding Limited;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered
by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Cunjun Ma
By:
Name: Cunjun Ma
Title:
Chairman of the Board of Directors
and Chief Executive Officer
Exhibit 12.2
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Ronald Tam, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Huize Holding Limited;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered
by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Ronald Tam
By:
Name: Ronald Tam
Title:
Co-Chief Financial Officer
Exhibit 12.3
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
I, Minghan Xiao, certify that:
1.
I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Huize Holding Limited;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make
the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this
report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects
the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and
15d-15(f)) for the company and have:
(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our
supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under
our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about
the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered
by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The company’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial
reporting, to the company’s auditors and the audit committee of the company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are
reasonably likely to adversely affect the company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the company’s
internal control over financial reporting.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Minghan Xiao
By:
Name: Minghan Xiao
Title:
Co-Chief Financial Officer
Certification by the Principal Executive Officer
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 13.1
In connection with the Annual Report of Huize Holding Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Cunjun Ma, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Cunjun Ma
By:
Name: Cunjun Ma
Title:
Chairman of the Board of Directors
and Chief Executive Officer
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 13.2
In connection with the Annual Report of Huize Holding Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Ronald Tam, Co-Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Ronald Tam
By:
Name: Ronald Tam
Title:
Co-Chief Financial Officer
Certification by the Principal Financial Officer
Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 13.3
In connection with the Annual Report of Huize Holding Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023 as filed
with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Minghan Xiao, Co-Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify,
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the
Company.
Date: April 19, 2024
/s/ Minghan Xiao
By:
Name: Minghan Xiao
Title:
Co-Chief Financial Officer
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (No. 333-238148 and No.333-269596) of Huize
Holding Limited of our report dated April 19, 2024 relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Form 20-F.
Exhibit 15.1
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian LLP
Shenzhen, the People’s Republic of China
April 19, 2024
中国北京建国门外大街 1 号国贸写字楼 2座 12-14层 100004
12-14th Floor, China World Office 2, No. 1 Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing 100004, China
电话 Tel: +86 10 6563 7181 传真 Fax: +86 10 6569 3838
电邮 Email: beijing@tongshang.com 网址 Web: www.tongshang.com
Exhibit 15.2
April 19, 2024
Huize Holding Limited
49/F, Building T1
Qianhai Financial Centre, Linhai Avenue
Qianhai Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone, Shenzhen 518000
The People’s Republic of China
Re: Consent of Commerce & Finance Law Offices
We hereby consent to the use of our firm name and summaries of our firm’s opinions under the headings “ITEM 4. Information on the Company—C.
Organizational Structure” and “ITEM 10. Additional Information—E. Taxation—People’s Republic of China Taxation” in the annual report on
Form 20-F of Huize Holding Limited (the “Company”) for the Company’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 to be filed with the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in the month of April 2024 (the “Form 20-F”), and we further consent to the incorporation by reference of the
summary of our opinions under these headings into the Company’s registration statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-238148) that was filed on May 11,
2020 and Form S-8 (File No. 333-269596) that was filed on February 6, 2023.
We also hereby consent to the filing of this consent letter as an exhibit to the Form 20-F.
In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we fall within the category of the person whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S.
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the regulation promulgated thereunder.
[No Text Below]
Yours sincerely,
/s/ Commerce & Finance Law Offices
Commerce & Finance Law Offices
HUIZE HOLDING LIMITED
CLAWBACK POLICY
Exhibit 97.1
The Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of Huize Holding Limited (the “Company”) believes
that it is appropriate for the Company to adopt this Clawback Policy (the “Policy”) to be applied to the Executive Officers of the Company and adopts
this Policy to be effective as of the Effective Date.
1.
Definitions
For purposes of this Policy, the following definitions shall apply:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
“Company Group” means the Company and each of its subsidiaries or consolidated affiliated entities, as applicable.
“Covered Compensation” means any Incentive-Based Compensation granted, vested or paid to a person who served as an Executive
Officer at any time during the performance period for the Incentive-Based Compensation and that was Received (i) on or after
October 2, 2023 (the effective date of the Nasdaq listing standards), (ii) after the person became an Executive Officer, and (iii) at a
time that the Company had a class of securities listed on a national securities exchange or a national securities association such as
Nasdaq.
“Effective Date” means December 1, 2023.
“Erroneously Awarded Compensation” means the amount of Covered Compensation granted, vested or paid to a person during the
fiscal period when the applicable Financial Reporting Measure relating to such Covered Compensation was attained that exceeds the
amount of Covered Compensation that otherwise would have been granted, vested or paid to the person had such amount been
determined based on the applicable Restatement, computed without regard to any taxes paid (i.e., on a pre-tax basis). For Covered
Compensation based on stock price or total shareholder return, where the amount of Erroneously Awarded Compensation is not
subject to mathematical recalculation directly from the information in a Restatement, the Committee will determine the amount of
such Covered Compensation that constitutes Erroneously Awarded Compensation, if any, based on a reasonable estimate of the
effect of the Restatement on the stock price or total shareholder return upon which the Covered Compensation was granted, vested or
paid and the Committee shall maintain documentation of such determination and provide such documentation to Nasdaq.
“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
“Executive Officer” means the Company’s president, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer (or if there is no such
accounting officer, the controller), any vice-president of the Company in charge of a principal business unit, division, or function
(such as sales, administration, or finance), any other officer who performs a policy-making function, or any other person (whether or
not an officer or employee of the Company) who performs similar policy-making functions for the Company. “Policy-making
function” does not include policy-making functions that are not significant. Both current and former Executive Officers are subject
to the Policy in accordance with its terms.
g)
h)
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
“Financial Reporting Measure” means (i) any measure that is determined and presented in accordance with the accounting principles
used in preparing the Company’s financial statements, and any measures derived wholly or in part from such measures and may
consist of IFRS/U.S. GAAP or non-IFRS/non-U.S. GAAP financial measures (as defined under Regulation G of the Exchange Act
and Item 10 of Regulation S-K under the Exchange Act), (ii) stock price or (iii) total shareholder return. Financial Reporting
Measures need not be presented within the Company’s financial statements or included in a filing with the SEC.
“Home Country” means the Company’s jurisdiction of incorporation, i.e., the Cayman Islands.
“Incentive-Based Compensation” means any compensation that is granted, earned or vested based wholly or in part upon the
attainment of a Financial Reporting Measure.
“Lookback Period” means the three completed fiscal years (plus any transition period of less than nine months that is within or
immediately following the three completed fiscal years and that results from a change in the Company’s fiscal year) immediately
preceding the date on which the Company is required to prepare a Restatement for a given reporting period, with such date being the
earlier of: (i) the date the Board, a committee of the Board, or the officer or officers of the Company authorized to take such action if
Board action is not required, concludes, or reasonably should have concluded, that the Company is required to prepare a
Restatement, or (ii) the date a court, regulator or other legally authorized body directs the Company to prepare a Restatement.
Recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation under the Policy is not dependent on whether or when the Restatement is
actually filed.
“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Stock Market.
“Received”: Incentive-Based Compensation is deemed “Received” in the Company’s fiscal period during which the Financial
Reporting Measure specified in or otherwise relating to the Incentive-Based Compensation award is attained, even if the grant,
vesting or payment of the Incentive-Based Compensation occurs after the end of that period.
“Restatement” means a required accounting restatement of any Company financial statement due to the material noncompliance of
the Company with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, including (i) to correct an error in previously issued
financial statements that is material to the previously issued financial statements (commonly referred to as a “Big R” restatement) or
(ii) to correct an error in previously issued financial statements that is not material to the previously issued financial statements but
that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period
(commonly referred to as a “little r” restatement). Changes to the Company’s financial statements that do not represent error
corrections under the then-current relevant accounting standards will not constitute Restatements. Recovery of any Erroneously
Awarded Compensation under the Policy is not dependent on fraud or misconduct by any person in connection with the Restatement.
n)
“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
2.
Recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation
In the event of a Restatement, any Erroneously Awarded Compensation Received during the Lookback Period prior to the Restatement (a) that is
then-outstanding but has not yet been paid shall be automatically and immediately forfeited and (b) that has been paid to any person shall be subject to
reasonably prompt repayment to the Company Group in accordance with Section 3 of this Policy. The Committee must pursue (and shall not have the
discretion to waive) the forfeiture and/or repayment of such Erroneously Awarded Compensation in accordance with Section 3 of this Policy, except as
provided below.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee (or, if the Committee is not a committee of the Board responsible for the Company’s executive
compensation decisions and composed entirely of independent directors, a majority of the independent directors serving on the Board) may determine
not to pursue the forfeiture and/or recovery of Erroneously Awarded Compensation from any person if the Committee determines that such forfeiture
and/or recovery would be impracticable due to any of the following circumstances: (i) the direct expense paid to a third party (for example, reasonable
legal expenses and consulting fees) to assist in enforcing the Policy would exceed the amount to be recovered, including the costs that could be incurred
if pursuing such recovery would violate local laws other than the Company’s Home Country laws (following reasonable attempts by the Company
Group to recover such Erroneously Awarded Compensation, the documentation of such attempts, and the provision of such documentation to Nasdaq),
(ii) pursuing such recovery would violate the Company’s Home Country laws adopted prior to November 28, 2022 (provided that the Company obtains
an opinion of Home Country counsel acceptable to Nasdaq that recovery would result in such a violation and provides such opinion to Nasdaq), or
(iii) recovery would likely cause any otherwise tax-qualified retirement plan, under which benefits are broadly available to employees of the Company
Group, to fail to meet the requirements of 26 U.S.C. 401(a)(13) or 26 U.S.C. 411(a) and regulations thereunder.
3.
Means of Repayment
In the event that the Committee determines that any person shall repay any Erroneously Awarded Compensation, the Committee shall provide
written notice to such person by email or certified mail to the physical address on file with the Company Group for such person, and the person shall
satisfy such repayment in a manner and on such terms as required by the Committee, and the Company Group shall be entitled to set off the repayment
amount against any amount owed to the person by the Company Group, to require the forfeiture of any award granted by the Company Group to the
person, or to take any and all necessary actions to reasonably promptly recover the repayment amount from the person, in each case, to the fullest extent
permitted under applicable law, including without limitation, Section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code and the regulations and guidance
thereunder. If the Committee does not specify a repayment timing in the written notice described above, the applicable person shall be required to repay
the Erroneously Awarded Compensation to the Company Group by wire, cash, cashier’s check or other means as agreed by the Committee no later than
thirty (30) days after receipt of such notice.
4.
No Indemnification
No person shall be indemnified, insured or reimbursed by the Company Group in respect of any loss of compensation by such person in
accordance with this Policy, nor shall any person receive any advancement of expenses for disputes related to any loss of compensation by such person
in accordance with this Policy, and no person shall be paid or reimbursed by the Company Group for any premiums paid by such person for any third-
party insurance policy covering potential recovery obligations under this Policy. For this purpose, “indemnification” includes any modification to
current compensation arrangements or other means that would amount to de facto indemnification (for example, providing the person a new cash award
which would be cancelled to effect the recovery of any Erroneously Awarded Compensation). In no event shall the Company Group be required to
award any person an additional payment if any Restatement would result in a higher incentive compensation payment.
5.
Miscellaneous
This Policy generally will be administered and interpreted by the Committee, provided that the Board may, from time to time, exercise discretion
to administer and interpret this Policy, in which case, all references herein to “Committee” shall be deemed to refer to the Board. Any determination by
the Committee with respect to this Policy shall be final, conclusive and binding on all interested parties. Any discretionary determinations of the
Committee under this Policy, if any, need not be uniform with respect to all persons, and may be made selectively amongst persons, whether or not such
persons are similarly situated.
This Policy is intended to satisfy the requirements of Section 954 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as it may
be amended from time to time, and any related rules or regulations promulgated by the SEC or the Nasdaq, including any additional or new
requirements that become effective after the Effective Date which upon effectiveness shall be deemed to automatically amend this Policy to the extent
necessary to comply with such additional or new requirements.
The provisions in this Policy are intended to be applied to the fullest extent of the law. To the extent that any provision of this Policy is found to be
unenforceable or invalid under any applicable law, such provision will be applied to the maximum extent permitted and shall automatically be deemed
amended in a manner consistent with its objectives to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this Policy shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Policy. Recovery of Erroneously Awarded
Compensation under this Policy is not dependent upon the Company Group satisfying any conditions in this Policy, including any requirements to
provide applicable documentation to the Nasdaq.
The rights of the Company Group under this Policy to seek forfeiture or reimbursement are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any rights of
recovery, or remedies or rights other than recovery, that may be available to the Company Group pursuant to the terms of any law, government
regulation or stock exchange listing requirement or any other policy, code of conduct, employee handbook, employment agreement, equity award
agreement, or other plan or agreement of the Company Group.
6.
Amendment and Termination
To the extent permitted by, and in a manner consistent with applicable law, including SEC and Nasdaq rules, the Committee may terminate,
suspend or amend this Policy at any time in its discretion.
7.
Successors
This Policy shall be binding and enforceable against all persons and their respective beneficiaries, heirs, executors, administrators or other legal
representatives with respect to any Covered Compensation granted, vested or paid to or administered by such persons or entities.