Industrias Bachoco, S.A. de C.V.
Annual Report 2021

Plain-text annual report

Highlights Message to Shareholders CEO’s Letter Report from the Board of Directors Audit and Corporate Practices Committee Report from the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee Highlights to Investors Board of Directors Senior Management Team Sustainability Summary 70 Years by Your Side Consolidated Financial Statements The Company was founded in 1952 and became a public company in 1997, via a public offering of shares on the Mexican and the New York stock exchanges. Bachoco is a vertically-integrated company with operations in Mexico and the US with its headquarters in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. Its main business lines are: chicken, table eggs, balanced feed, pork, and further process products of beef and turkey. located Bachoco owns and manages more than a thousand farms, 9 processing plants, 9 further processing plants, 2 swine processing plants, 23 feed mills, 22 hatcheries, and more than 80 distribution centers. At the date of this report The Company employs more than 31,000 people. Currently the Company is rated AAA (MEX), the highest rating awarded by Fitch Mexico, and HR AAA which signals that the Company and their bonds both have the highest credit quality by HR Ratings de Mexico S.A. de C.V. Industrias Bachoco is leader in the Mexican poultry industry and one of the ten largest poultry producers globally. Sales 82% 6% CHICKEN EGG 5% BALANCED FEED 7% OTHERS by Geography 75% MEXICO 25% UNITED STATES 2021 2020 2019 32,058 29,780 28,218 OPERATING DATA In U.S. Dollars1 December 31, In millions pesos 2021 2021 2020 2019 Net sales Gross profit Operating income EBITDA Result Net income EPS in pesos Earnings per ADR en pesos Gross margin Operating margin EBITDA margin Net margin 1 One dollar equals to $20.51 pesos $ 3,983.4 $ 81,699.1 68,792.0 61,655.2 650.5 287.3 13,342.4 5,891.9 358.6 $ 7,355.7 $ 240.6 0.41 4.94 16.3% 7.2% 9.0% 6.0% 4,934.1 8.45 101.36 16.3% 7.2% 9.0% 6.0% 11,084.4 10,097.9 4,301.5 6,036.7 3,972.1 6.56 78.74 16.1% 6.3% 8.8% 5.8% 3,976.5 5,263.0 3,232.8 5.37 64.40 16.4% 6.4% 8.5% 5.2% STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL DATA In U.S. Dollars1 December 31, In millions pesos 2021 2021 2020 2019 TOTAL ASSETS $ 3,217.4 $ 65,888.8 58,475.0 55,702.5 Cash and cash equivalents Inventories TOTAL LIABILITIES Short-term debt Accounts payable Long-term debt 1,013.0 310.9 20,776.8 19,242.3 19,182.7 6,376.0 5,688.3 4,710.2 $ 863.2 $ 17,704.7 14,548.2 15,442.2 97.2 488.3 - 1,993.9 1,057.6 3,440.4 10,015.3 5,753.1 5,158.8 - 1,460.4 1,488.2 TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS´ EQUITY $ 2,354.2 $ 48,284.1 43,926.8 40,260.3 Capital stock Retained earnings 57.3 1,174.4 1,174.4 1,174.4 2,137.5 43,839.2 39,607.8 36,424.4 1 One dollar equals to $20.51 pesos 06 2021 Annual Report | Bachoco Bachoco | 2021 Annual Report 07 SALESEMPLOYEESNETDear Shareholders of Industrias Bachoco: 2021, a year in which some challenges due to COVID-19 pandemic persisted, to which was added the uncertainty and increases in raw material prices. However, the poultry industry was able to stabilize and, in certain way, make progress in recovering performance levels prior to the pandemic. According to data from the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI for its abbreviation in Spanish), in terms of GDP, Mexico, as worldwide economy, managed to show growth compared to 2020. For Mexico, this increase was 4.8%. However, in terms of inflation, Mexico registered 7.36%, exceeding the 3.0% average obtained in the two previous years. Regarding the US, according to information from the Federal Reserve, GDP growth was 5.6%, compared to the contraction of 2.3% observed in 2020 for this geography. On the other hand, for 2021 inflation in the US was placed at 5.5%, which is above the 1.35% average obtained in the two previous years. Under these conditions, in terms of the industry in which we compete, we were able to observe a good balance between supply and demand during most of 2021. This allowed us to be in a good position to face the increases in raw material that we saw most of the year and that resulted in increase of 18.5% in cost of sales compared to 2020. In terms of revenue, our total net sales grew by 18.8% compared to 2020. In particular, sales of our poultry segment grew 16.8% while the others segment, with the integration of SASA, achieved an increase of 34.6% compared to 2020. With a high focus on improving our product mix, operating efficiencies and financial discipline, we managed to achieve an EBITDA margin of 9.0% for 2021, which places us within the long-term normalized range. We maintain our commitment and contribution to our society. This was recognized by MERCO by placing us as one of the ten best food companies in Mexico. Javier Bours Castelo Chairman of the Board of Directors Likewise, I would like to reiterate our focus on maintaining our leadership position in the markets in which we participate while continuing to grow our business with profitablility, providing positive results and maintaining the solid financial structure that has always characterized us. Javier Bours Castelo Chairman of the Board of Directors In 2021 we reinforced our commitment to the growth of the company, reporting an increase in capital investments of 26.4% compared to the previous year. These investments were focused on organic growth projects, as well as productivity projects throughout our production chain. These strategies will allow us to continue to get closer to our customers and continue to consolidate ourselves in the market. In line with our goal of continuing to generate and seek for opportunities regarding efficiency and growth, in December 2021, COFECE authorized the purchase of 100% of the shares of RYC Alimentos. This acquisition was finalized in January 2022. With this agreement, we believe that we are on the right path towards consolidating ourselves as a relevant multiprotein company not only domestically but also worldwide, so we are sure that this will be an additive integration to our portfolio. Our financial structure remained solid. We ended 2021 with net cash of $18,782.9 million, which will allow us to continue with our growth plans and at the same time, face the uncertainties and volatilities of the poultry industry. On the other hand, we maintain our commitment and contribution to our society. This was recognized by MERCO by placing us as one of the ten best food companies in Mexico. Likewise, our CEO, Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu, once again ranked as one of the most respected CEOs in the country, ranking 20th on the list. Without a doubt, the support of our management team and our staff has led us to obtain the results and stability that have characterized Bachoco over the years. Their commitment is, and always has been, invaluable to us. We know that we still have a long way to go and challenges to face, but we trust in the hard work and commitment of our staff to successfully achieve the Company’s objectives. Dear Shareholders: All figures discussed below are information of 2021 with comparative figures of 2020. It was prepared under IFRS accounting principles and is presented in millions of pesos unless otherwise indicated. 2021 & 2020 RESULTS Net sales in 2021 totaled $81,699.1 million, $12,907.1 million more or a 18.8% increase in net sales, when compared to $68,792.0 million reported in 2020. The 80% of this increase comes from the Poultry segment and was largely the result of optimizing our product mix in both Mexico and the United States, which allowed us to obtain better prices compared to 2020. In 2021, sales from our operation in the US represented 24.9% of total revenue, compared to the 28.3% reported in 2020. This was due to higher sales growth in the Mexican market. On the operating segments view, compared to 2020, Poultry sales grew 16.8% while Others grew 34.6%. This last one was mainly driven by SASA recorded sales for the entire year, while in 2020, their sales were only recorded for the second semester corresponding to the period in which the business agreement was finalized. Cost of sales totaled $68,356.7 million, 18.5% higher than the $57,707.6 million reported in 2020. The increase in cost of sales is mainly attributed to the impact of the escalation in prices of raw materials such as grain and soybean meal, both in dollar terms and Mexican pesos. Despite the volatility of the commodity markets, the combination of prices and cost increases allowed us to achieve a gross profit of $13,342.4 million, with a gross margin of 16.3%; higher than the $11,084.4 million of gross profit and margin of 16.1% achieved in 2020. In 2021, sales from our operation in the US represented 24.9% of total revenue, compared to the 28.3% reported in 2020. This was due to higher sales growth in the Mexican market. Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu Chief Executive Officer SG&A in 2021 were $7,127.8 million, an increase of $707.4 million or 11.0% compared to $6,420.4 million in 2020. SG&A as a percentage of net sales represented 8.7% in 2021 and 9.3% in 2020. In 2021, we had other expenses of $322.8 million, a level very similar to the $362.5 million reported in 2020. Operating income in 2021 was $5,891.9 million, a margin of 7.2%, a better result compared to $4,301.5 million and a margin of 6.3% in 2020. In 2021, we reached an EBITDA of $7,355.7 million, a margin of 9.0%, higher when compared to the EBITDA of $6,036.7 million obtained in 2020, with a margin of 8.8%. On the other hand, net financial result was $849.9 million, slightly below the $882.2 million obtained in 2020. This is largely due to the relative stable exchange rate that we observed during 2021. Total taxes were $1,807.6 million. This includes $1,790.6 million for income tax and $17.0 million for deferred taxes. This figure compares to total taxes of $1,211.6 million, which includes income taxes of $1,321.1 and $109.4 million of favorable deferred taxes in 2020. As a result, profit for the year attributable to controlling interest in net income in 2021 was $5,056.6 million, with a net margin of 6.0%, which represents earnings per share of $8.45 pesos, compared to $3,935.7 million, 5.8% margin and $6.56 earnings per share achieved in 2020. Cash and equivalents as of December 31, 2021, totaled $20,776.8 million, an increase of $1,534.5 million or 7.9% more than the $19,242.3 million reported as of December 31, 2020. Total debt as of December 31, 2021, was $1,993.9 million, compared to total debt of $2,518.0 million reported as of December 31, 2020. 75% of the 2021 debt corresponds to the current debt securities, which expire in 2022. As a result, our net cash as of December 31, 2021 which totaled $18,782.9 million, compared to the net cash of $16,724.3 million as of December 31, 2020. This increase allows us to continue having the financial capacity for the Company’s growth strategies. Capital investments in 2021 totaled $3,479.49 million, an increase of 26.4% compared to the $2,752.3 million reported in 2020. In 2021, the company continued with the implementation of new projects oriented towards organic growth and productivity improvements, with which we reinforce our commitment to be closer to the final consumer. Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu Chief Executive Officer As Chairman of the Board of Directors of Industrias Bachoco, and pursuant to the provisions of Section IV of Article 28 of the Securities Market Law, I hereby inform you of the following: This Board of Directors reviewed and approved the Chief Executive Officer’s report which supports the performance of management for fiscal year 2021, and it was based on the independent auditor’s Opinion. The Board believes that the CEO’s report was prepared in accordance with the Financial Reporting Standards and reflects the Company’s financial position and its operating results. We believe that the Company’s policies, reporting principles accounting and followed are adequate and consistent with the Audited Financial Statements. This Board directed the Company to continue acting in strict accordance with IFRS principals. We determined that during year 2021, the Company did not engage in unusual operations or other activities different from the normal course of the business. No exemptions were granted to any member of the Board, executive officers or any other member of the Company to take advantage of business opportunities for themselves or in favor of third parties. in the Lastly, the Board presented Annual Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting the report of the Auditing and Corporate Practices Committee, the Chief Executive Officer’s report, the report on prompt compliance with tax obligations, and the report on the principal accounting and information policies and criteria followed by the Company in the preparation of its financial statements for fiscal year 2021. Javier Bours Castelo Chairman of the Board of Directors the needs of the internal audit area to make sure they have the necessary human and material resources for the suitable performance of its function. The evaluations carried out by the Internal Audit, the external auditors, and the General Director have been reviewed, and it is concluded that the internal control processes provide reasonable security to prevent or detect errors or material irregularities in the normal course of social operations, although these processes are constantly the corresponding revisions continue. improving and Regarding Financial Information: The Financial Statements of the Company the were discussed quarterly with A file has been integrated from each meeting, including the reports and other relevant documents. Regarding Corporate Practices: We concluded that the Officers performance was aligned with the Company’s objectives. We reviewed the CEO and senior officers and compensation packages were granted. We verified that there was no existence of any grant or exceptions to Directors, senior officers, or other employees of the Company. In 2021, the total transactions in connection to related parties represented less than 2.3% of the Company’s net sales. After an exhaustive review of the transactions carried out with related parties, we concluded that they were conducted in fair-market terms. We reviewed policies and guidelines related to the use of goods that constitute the equity of the Company and its subsidiaries, by any related parties, as well as policies for granting of loans or any type of credit or guarantees. We analyzed and assessed the services provided by the independent experts, when it was required. Regarding Internal Audit Function: The Audit and Corporate Practices Committee has remained involved with Bachoco has an Audit and Corporate Practices Committee to support the Board of Directors, which is comprised of three Independent Directors and one Property Shareholder Director. This Committee was last ratified on the Annual and General Ordinary Shareholders´ Meeting on April 28, 2021. AUDIT COMMITTEE AND CORPORATE PRACTIES MEMBERS Guillermo Ochoa Maciel (President) Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega Avelino Fernandez Salido Ricardo Aguirre Borboa ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE AUDIT AND CORPORATE PRACTICES COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS In accordance with the terms of the Mexican Market Security Law (LMV), this report is issued by the President of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee of Industrias Bachoco S.A.B. de C.V. (the “Society”). This report has been submitted to the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee of the Company, which validated content, scope and conclusions for the Board of Directors approval and through the Board, its validation in the Annual and General Ordinary Shareholders’ Meeting of the Company that will take place in April 2022. In the exercise of the Committee functions, and in attention of its responsibilities, the Committee has counseled with the Chief Financial Officer, the Internal Audit Manager and the Chief Executive Officer of the Society. The resolutions adopted by the Audit Committee have been informed timely and submitted to the consideration of the Board of Directors by means of the respective report submitted to this ultimate superior social entity in the corresponding meetings. proposed by the Administration to various self-regulatory policies were reviewed, on which were favorably expressed for submission to the Board of Directors. The accounting policies, criteria, and information observed by the Company are adequate and sufficient. Conclusions The recommendations of the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee have been or are being addressed by the Administration of the company. During the reported period, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee did not receive from Shareholders, Directors, relevant executives, employees and in general from any third party, any remarks about accounting, internal controls and other matters related to the Internal or External Audit, other than those issued by the management during the preparation or revision of the respective documentation; no complaints were received about any irregular matters regarding the Administration. The Audit and Corporate Practices Committee has followed, within its competence and in accordance with the instructions received, the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Shareholders ‘ Meeting during the reporting period. From all the above, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee has fulfilled the functions stated in Article 42, paragraph II of the LMV, during the reporting period. executives responsible for their preparation and review, there were no significant observations to the information presented. Before being forwarded to the Mexican Stock and Exchange, the Financial Statements were reviewed by the Committee for its approval or ratification by the Board of Directors. In each quarterly Committee´s meeting, reports to the Stock Exchange were analyzed and approved, having made the observations or suggestions of the case and recommending to the Board of Directors its approval (or ratification) in each case regarding its public disclosure. During the period in question, Financial Statements corresponding to 2021 fiscal year were reviewed and discussed, and did not submit observations and/or qualifications, in consequence, the Committee recommended its approval by the Board of Directors for submission to the Shareholders´ Meeting. Regarding External Audit Performance: The services of Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. (Deloitte) continued to be used as External Auditors of the Company. We worked with Deloitte to insure the compliance, from both Deloitte and the Company, of the regulation issued by the Mexican Authorities (Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores), regarding the “Circular Unica de Auditores Externos”, (External Audit Regulation). The fees corresponding to 2021 were duly revised and approved. The Audited Financial Statements as of December 31, 2021 were received on the part of the External Auditor. The Audit Committee concludes that the performance of Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. (Deloitte) as External Auditors of the Company and of its partners in charge of the respective audit, is appropriate and that the communication between such Committee and the auditors referred herein is consistent. The External Auditors confirmed their independence. Regarding Accounting and Self- Regulatory Policies: The main accounting policies followed by the Company were reviewed and approved in terms of the information received by reason of new regulations. During the period, the updates OPINION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS ON THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER After having listened and analyzed the CEO´s report for the fiscal year ended on December, 31, 2021, prepared in terms and for the purposes of the stated of Article 44, section XI of the Security Market Law, in relation to Article 172 of the General Law of Business Corporations and based on the reports of the External Audit presented to the Committee, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee has determined that: (i) the accounting and information policies and criteria followed by the Company are adequate and sufficient, taking into account the Company´s particular circumstances; (ii) these accounting policies and criteria have been consistently applied in the information presented by the CEO; (iii) as consequence of the previous numerals (i) and (ii), the information presented by the CEO reflects the Company´s financial situation and results for the fiscal year 2021. Based on the above, under the terms and for the purpose of the provisions of the Article 42, paragraph II, section e) of the LMV, the Audit and Corporate Practices Committee recommend to the Board of Directors the approval of the CEO`s annual report for fiscal 2021, for its presentation to the Annual and General Ordinary Shareholder´s Meeting of the Company. Guillermo Ochoa Maciel President of Bachoco´s Audit and Corporate Practices Committee Bachoco’s Board of Directors is comprised of eight Proprietary Shareholder Directors, four Alternate Shareholder Directors, and four Independent Proprietary Directors. This board was last ratified on September 22, 2021. The Board’s main duties include the following: Determine policies, general strategies, and the organization and management criteria that guide the activities of the Company. Prepare and develop programs to optimize resource management and the operation of the business, such as budgets and financial planning. After considering the Auditing and Corporate Practices Committee’s opinion, approve the internal control and guidelines of the internal auditing of the Company. Authorize acquisitions or disposing, as well as the granting of guarantees or the taking of liabilities for a value equal to or higher than five per cent of the consolidated assets of the Company, except for investments in debt securities or bank instruments; provided such are made in accordance with the policies approved by the Board for such purposes. Review and authorize operating results and work plans, and the overall compensation of the Company’s senior officers. PROPRIETARY SHAREHOLDERS DIRECTORS Javier Bours Castelo (Chairman of the Board), Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo, Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz, Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz, Arturo Bours Griffith, Octavio Robinson Bours, Ricardo Aguirre Borboa and, Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez. INDEPENDENT PROPRIETARY DIRECTORS Avelino Fernandez Salido, Humberto Schwarzbeck Noriega, Guillermo Ochoa Maciel and, David Gastelum Cazares. ALTERNATE SHAREHOLDERS DIRECTORS Jose Eduardo Robinson Bours Castelo alternate of Javier Bours Castelo and Jose Gerardo Robinson Bours Castelo. Jose Francisco Robinson Bours Griffith, alternate of Octavio Robinson Bours and Arturo Bours Griffith. Guillermo Pineda Cruz, alternate of Jesus Enrique Robinson Bours Muñoz and Jesus Rodolfo Robinson Bours Muñoz. Gustavo Luders Becerril, alternate of Juan Salvador Robinson Bours Martinez and Ricardo Aguirre Borboa. SECRETARY OF THE BOARD Daniel Salazar Ferrer Rodolfo Ramos Arvizu Chief Executive Officer Daniel Salazar Ferrer Chief Financial Officer Ernesto Salmón Castelo Director of Mexico Operations Alejandro Elias Calles Gutiérrez Director of Purchasing Arturo García Sánchez Director of Human Resources Drew McGee Director of US Operations In our 70-year history we have grown and positioned ourselves as a multiprotein company that strives to drive sustainable development within its sphere of influence. We have reaffirmed this commitment by creating the Sustainability Committee, which comprises the Senior Management team and is tasked with defining strategies and rolling out programs that create value for our business, our people, our communities and our planet. We Strengthen Our Business Our commitment to improve food quality for families and nutrition has motivated us to diversify our business lines and drive continuous improvements to our operational processes. This has helped us meet the needs of the market through products that comply with highest quality and safety standards. We have redesigned our Code of Ethics to encompass a global approach throughout our business lines, in addition to consolidate social measures to raise awareness of these changes among our employees. 97% of employees from the Bachoco OK Foods Business Unit reaffirmed their commitment to the Code of Ethics We Promote Our Talent We have a team of more than 31,000 talented and committed people who, every single day, help us to maintain our leadership within the industry and motivate us to continue achieving milestones in every area. In order to recognize the value that each of our employees brings to the company, we offer them best-in-class working conditions, as well as opportunities for continuing education, helping them grow both professionally and personally. We have bolstered our prevention protocols and measures in conjunction with a team of healthcare professionals to ensure business continuity and guarantee the safe return to work for all our employees. We have also created internal communication campaigns dealing with prevention, in addition to rolling out measures to promote and facilitate vaccination of our employees. To the end of 2021, 74% of our employees were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 We Take Care of Our Planet We are responsible for looking after nature because this is where the vast majority of our resources come from. To do so, we promote strategies to ensure these resources are used properly, in addition to streamlining the environmental performance of our operations. Some measures we have taken include the adoption of materials and technologies that help us to mitigate the environmental impact we have in the areas of waste, water and emissions. We have also reaffirmed our commitment to the Five Freedoms of Animal Welfare at all our farms. We have decreased the amount of plastic we use by 20 tons by rolling out a new laminated film for our packaging We Contribute to Our Community We forge partnerships with a wide range of organizations in order to join forces to create programs that boost nutrition and healthy eating while driving social development and engagement with the communities in which we operate. The Bachoco Nourishing Together Half Marathon has helped us have a positive impact on a number of areas. Through this race, we raise funds to help tackle food security issues in Mexico, in addition to promoting healthy eating habits and sports. Thanks to the 2021 Bachoco Half Marathon, we helped refurbish 5 community kitchens coordinated by the DIF DEPOSITARY BANK Bank of New York Mellon Shareholder Correspondence Address: BNY Mellon Shareowner Services P.O. Box 505000 Louisville, KY 40233-5000 Overnight correspondence Address: BNY Mellon Shareowner Services 462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 T. US and Canada: 1-888-269-2377 T. 201-680-6825 E-mail: sharerelations@cpushareownerservices.com Website: www.mybnymdr.com INDEPENDENT AUDITORS Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu/ Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. T. (442) 238.29.46 CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS Industrias Bachoco S.A de C.V. Av. Tecnológico 401 Celaya, Guanajuato 38030, México T. (461) 618.35.00 INVESTOR RELATIONS María Guadalupe Jáquez Andrea Guerrero T. (461) 618.35.55 (México) inversionistas@bachoco.net In Bachoco we are very proud that in this 2022, we reached 70 years of being part of the table of our consumers. In 1952, in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, the brothers Juan, Javier, Enrique and Alfonso Robinson Bours began to sell table eggs with a farm of 1,000 bird stock. After seeing their dream evolve, in 1971 they decided to explore the chicken and pork business. To date, the commitment of the founding family has been to generate value and create differentiators that would allow Bachoco to consolidate itself as what it is today, one of the most recognized brands in Mexico and one of the most relevant poultry companies in the world. Today, Bachoco has managed to expand not only to the United States, but also to expand to other proteins like processed pork, beef, balanced feed and pet food. We can proudly say that we work every day to achieve our vision of being the most important in Mexico and multi-protein food company internationally relevant, focused on the nutrition of the population and providing superior services to our customers based on quality, sustainability and excellence in everything we do. In this way, we seek to be the best value alternative for our consumers and shareholders. Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. Paseo de la Reforma 505, piso 28 Colonia Cuauhtémoc 06500 Ciudad de México México Tel: +52 (55) 5080 6000 www.deloitte.com/mx Independent Auditors’ Report to the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Industrias Bachoco S.A.B. de C.V. and Subsidiaries (In thousands of Mexican pesos) Opinion We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C. V. and its subsidiaries (the “Entity”), which comprise the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income, consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and consolidated statements of cash flows for the years then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Entity as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the years then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). Basis for Opinion We conducted our audits in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (“ISAs”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants’ Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (“IESBA Code”) together with the Code of Ethics issued by the Mexican Institute of Public Accountants (“IMCP Code”), and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code and the IMCP Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. Other Matter The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been translated into English for the convenience of readers. Key Audit Matter Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in the forming our opinion, thereon and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. We have determined that the matter described below is the key audit issue which should be communicated in our report. Deloitte se refiere a Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited, sociedad privada de responsabilidad limitada en el Reino Unido, y a su red de firmas miembro, cada una de ellas como una entidad legal única e independiente. Conozca en www.deloitte.com/mx/conozcanos la descripción detallada de la estructura legal de Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited y sus firmas miembro. Valuation of goodwill and intangible assets of the Ok Foods - Albertville Quality Foods Inc. cash- generating unit—Refer to Notes 3. e), j), and 15 to the consolidated financial statement. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the Entity’s’ goodwill was $1,688,607, of which $1,204,889 was allocated to the Ok Foods - Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. cash generating unit (“AQF CGU”). The recoverable amount of the AQF CGU was determined based on its value in use, which used projections of estimated cash flows. The significant assumptions used in projecting estimated cash flows were the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate. A change in the revenue growth rate or annual discount rate could have a significant impact on the recoverable amount of the AQF CGU. The recoverable amount of the AQF CGU exceeded its carrying value, and therefore, no impairment was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2021. We identified the valuation of the AQF CGU goodwill and intangibles as a key audit matter due to the significant judgment made by Management relating to the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate used in projecting estimated cash flows. This included considering the effects that remain from the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), the inflation and the slowdown in economic growth, which caused contractions of the demand in the US market. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and increased effort, including involvement of our valuation specialists, in performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of the methodology used, the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate. Our audit procedures related to the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate used to project estimated cash flows in determining the recoverable amount of the AQF CGU included the following, among others: • We obtained an understanding and evaluated the Entity’s methodology for determining the recoverable amount of the AQF CGU, including the process for developing revenue growth rate and annual discount rate. • We tested the effectiveness of controls over Management’s evaluation of revenue growth rate and annual discount rate used in the projected estimated cash flows. • We compared the sales of the current year with sales from the previous year, and also compared actual results obtained in previous years with the results historically budgeted. • We evaluated the reasonableness of the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate assumptions by comparing them to (i) historical information; and (ii) information obtained from external sources (expectation of analysts and industry reports). • With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of (1) the valuation methodology and the current market data used by Management to determine the revenue growth rate and annual discount rate, and (2) developed an independent range of the recoverable amount of the AQF CGU. • We evaluated whether the projected estimated cash flows were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit. • We evaluate the sensitivity analysis prepared by the Entity considering a decrease or increase in the revenue growth rate and in the annual discount rate. 3 Information Other than the Consolidated Financial Statements and Auditor’s Report Thereon Management is responsible for the information other than the consolidated financial statements (the “other information”). The other information will comprise the information that will be incorporated in the Annual Report that the Entity is obliged to prepare pursuant to Article 33 Fraction I, clause b) of Title Four, First Chapter of the “General Provisions Applicable to Issuers and Other Stock Market Participants” in Mexico, together with the Instructions Guide accompanying those provisions (collectively, the “Provisions”). The Annual Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this audit report. Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information identified above when it becomes available and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the consolidated financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. When we read the Annual Report, we will issue the declaration surrounding the reading of the annual report required by Article 33 Fraction I, clause b) number 1.2. of the Provisions. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter. Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless Management either intends to liquidate the Entity or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so. Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Entity’s consolidated financial reporting process. Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements. 3 As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also: - Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. - Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity's internal control. - Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management. - Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern. - Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. - Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Entity to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit. We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards. 4 From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication. Galaz, Yamazaki, Ruiz Urquiza, S.C. Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited L.C.C. Alberto Del Castillo Velasco Vilchis April 25, 2022 5 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Derivative financial instruments Accounts receivable, net Due from related parties Inventories Current biological assets Prepaid expenses and other current assets Assets held for sale Total currents assets Non-current assets: Property, plant and equipment, net Right-of-use assets Non-current biological assets Deferred income tax Goodwill Intangible assets Other non-current assets Total non-currents assets INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Financial Position December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (Thousands of pesos) Note 2021 2020 2019 Liabilities and equity Note 2021 2020 2019 7 8 8 8 9 20 10 11 12 13 14 24 11 21 15 16 17 $ 19,136,443 10,841 1,559,823 69,862 5,108,167 291 6,375,990 2,769,612 2,757,123 57,436 37,845,588 17,286,374 1,018,322 937,715 - 4,366,019 686 5,688,338 2,012,668 1,221,255 54,630 32,586,007 18,662,765 186,284 315,761 18,098 3,867,110 13,674 4,710,207 2,043,237 1,227,196 52,916 31,097,248 21,763,402 680,210 2,358,137 213,739 1,688,607 704,374 734,704 28,143,173 19,733,822 678,845 1,991,530 261,934 1,650,716 753,224 818,922 25,888,993 18,556,646 822,732 1,818,911 245,272 1,578,994 772,640 810,048 24,605,243 Current liabilities: Short-term debt Current portion of long-term debt Derivative financial instruments Trade payable and other accounts payable Lease liabilities Income tax payable Due to related parties Total current liabilities Long term liabilities: Long-term debt, excluding current installments Lease liabilities Deferred income tax Employee benefits Total long term liabilities Total liabilities Equity: Capital stock Share premium Reserve for repurchase of shares Retained earnings Effects of derivatives classified as hedging instruments Foreign currency translation reserve Actuarial remeasurements, net Equity attributable to controlling interest Non-controlling interest Total equity Commitments Contingencies Susequent events 500,081 1,493,830 - 10,015,256 279,809 360,898 185,429 12,835,303 - 371,671 3,841,475 656,252 4,869,398 848,061 209,499 194,181 5,753,137 278,981 815,082 80,842 8,179,783 1,460,405 440,730 3,874,980 592,294 6,368,409 3,440,399 - - 5,158,827 149,538 82,665 76,704 8,908,133 1,488,208 653,512 3,904,493 487,810 6,534,023 17,704,701 14,548,192 15,442,156 1,174,432 414,070 1,199,423 43,839,229 (49,751) 1,501,440 (272,527) 47,806,316 477,744 48,284,060 1,174,432 413,423 1,266,469 39,607,821 (267,352) 1,391,534 (268,692) 43,317,635 609,173 43,926,808 1,174,432 414,516 1,308,367 36,424,411 (19,771) 1,073,925 (195,905) 40,179,975 80,360 40,260,335 $ 18 18 8 19 24 21 20 18 24 21 22 25 22, 25 27 28 31 Total assets $ 65,988,761 58,475,000 55,702,491 Total liabilities and equity $ 65,988,761 58,475,000 55,702,491 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 202120202019NoteNet revenues$81,699,068 68,792,002 61,655,245 Cost of sales23(68,356,654) (57,707,566) (51,557,351) Gross profit13,342,414 11,084,436 10,097,894 General, selling and administrative expenses23(7,127,780) (6,420,397) (6,116,620) Other expenses, net30(322,779) (362,527) (4,734) Operating income5,891,855 4,301,512 3,976,540 Finance income291,117,406 1,173,520 991,632 Finance costs29(267,523) (291,329) (610,368) Net finance income849,883 882,191 381,264 Profit before income taxes6,741,738 5,183,703 4,357,804 Income taxes211,807,638 1,211,611 1,124,978 Profit for the year$4,934,100 3,972,092 3,232,826 Other comprehensive income (loss) items:Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:Currency translation effect$109,906 317,609 (199,746) Net effects of derivatives classified as hedging instruments217,601 (247,581) (19,464) Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:Actuarial remeasurements22(5,478) (103,982) (107,897) Income taxes related to actuarial remeasurements1,643 31,195 32,370 Other comprehensive income323,672 (2,759) (294,737) Comprehensive income for the year$5,257,772 3,969,333 2,938,089 Profit attributable to:Controlling interest26$5,065,554 3,935,672 3,219,931 Non-controlling interest(131,454) 36,420 12,895 Profit for the year$4,934,1003,972,0923,232,826Comprehensive income attributable to:Controlling interest$5,389,226 3,932,913 2,925,194 Non-controlling interest(131,454) 36,420 12,895 Comprehensive income for the year$5,257,772 3,969,333 2,938,089 Weighted average outstanding shares26599,730,270 599,818,022 599,971,832 Basic and diluted earnings per share26$8.45 6.56 5.37 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIESConsolidated Statements of Profit and Loss and Other Comprehensive IncomeYears ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019(Thousands of pesos, except share and per share amount) INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (Thousands of pesos) Attributable to controlling interest Capital stock Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income Note Capital stock Share premium Reserve for repurchase of shares Retained earnings Effects of derivatives classified as hedging instruments Foreign currency translation reserve Actuarial remeasurements net Total Non-controlling interest Total equity Balance at January 1, 2019 $ 1,174,432 414,470 562,047 34,792,320 (307) 1,273,671 (120,378) 38,096,255 69,450 38,165,705 25 25 25 25 4 25 25 5 5 Dividends paid Dividends paid to non-controlling interest Reserve for repurchase of shares Repurchase and sale of shares Comprehensive income for the year: Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year Balance at December 31, 2019 Dividends paid Dividends paid to non-controlling interest Reserve for repurchase of shares Repurchase and sale of shares Increase in non-controlling interest in acquired business Comprehensive income for the year: Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year Balance at December 31, 2020 Dividends paid Dividends paid to non-controlling interest Reserve for repurchase of shares Repurchase and sale of shares Other capital movements Increase in non-controlling interest in acquired business Comprehensive income for the year: Profit for the year Other comprehensive income Total comprehensive income for the year Balance at December 31, 2021 See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. - - - - - - - - - - 46 - - - - - 747,840 (1,520) - - - (840,000) - (747,840) - 3,219,931 - 3,219,931 1,174,432 414,516 1,308,367 36,424,411 - - - - - - - - - - - (1,093) - - - - - - (39,482) (2,416) - - - - (791,744) - 39,482 - - 3,935,672 - 3,935,672 1,174,432 413,423 1,266,469 39,607,821 - - - - - - - - - $ 1,174,432 - - - 647 - - - - - 414,070 - - (34,068) (32,978) - - - - - 1,199,423 (851,619) - 34,068 - (16,595) - 5,065,554 - 5,065,554 43,839,229 - - - - - (19,464) (19,464) (19,771) - - - - - - (247,581) (247,581) (267,352) - - - - - - - 217,601 217,601 (49,751) - - - - - - - - (840,000) - - (1,474) - (1,985) - - (840,000) (1,985) - (1,474) - (199,746) - (75,527) 3,219,931 (294,737) 12,895 - 3,232,826 (294,737) (199,746) (75,527) 2,925,194 12,895 2,938,089 1,073,925 (195,905) 40,179,975 80,360 40,260,335 - - - - - - 317,609 317,609 - - - - - (791,744) - - (3,509) - - (1,879) - - 494,272 (791,744) (1,879) - (3,509) 494,272 - (72,787) 3,935,672 (2,759) 36,420 - 3,972,092 (2,759) (72,787) 3,932,913 36,420 3,969,333 1,391,534 (268,692) 43,317,635 609,173 43,926,808 - - - - - - - 109,906 109,906 1,501,440 - - - - - - (851,619) - - (32,331) (16,595) - - (2,023) - - - 2,048 (851,619) (2,023) - (32,331) (16,595) 2,048 - (3,835) 5,065,554 323,672 (131,454) - 4,934,100 323,672 (3,835) (272,527) 5,389,226 47,806,316 (131,454) 477,744 5,257,772 48,284,060 Note202120202019Cash flows from operating activities:Profit for the year$4,934,100 3,972,092 3,232,826 Adjustments for:Deferred income tax recognized in profit or loss2117,017 (109,443) 60,677 Current income tax recognized in profit or loss211,790,621 1,321,054 1,064,301 Bargain purchase gain of domestic business acquisition 4- (90,889) Depreciation and amortization141,463,799 1,735,146 1,286,443 Depreciation of right-of-use assets 343,367 307,757 302,804 Intangible impairment loss165,459 - 73,733 Loss (gain) on disposal of property, plant and equipment95,341 12,987 (85,937) Interest income earned29(597,610) (705,986) (991,632) Interest expense and financial expense29265,982 291,038 330,119 Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain) on loans34,146 320,880 (139,830) Subtotal 8,352,222 7,054,636 5,133,504Derivative financial instruments(46,442) 212,279 (11,528) Accounts receivable, net(811,965) (335,742) (306,588) Due from related parties395 12,988 (13,575) Inventories(685,817) (850,655) (133,572) Current and non-current biological assets(1,125,369) (145,670) (66,582) Prepaid expenses and other current assets(1,536,093) 32,866 (95,201) Assets held for sale(2,806) (1,714) (3,848) Trade payable and other accounts payable4,265,240 320,821 (38,542) Due to related parties104,587 4,138 (70,810) Income taxes paid(2,161,321) (590,836) (1,302,902) Employee benefits60,123 104,484 184,992 Net cash provided by operating activities6,412,754 5,817,595 3,275,348 Cash flows from investing activities:Payments for acquisition of property, plant and equipment(3,479,493) (2,346,415) (2,199,600) Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment29,772 23,802 197,059 Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss1,007,481 (832,038) 363,784 Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income(622,108) (621,954) (315,761) Other assets84,080 (26,569) 24,244 Interest collected597,610 705,986 991,632 Net cash used in investing activities(2,382,658) (3,097,188) (938,642) Cash flows from financing activities:Payment for repurchase of shares25(46,392) (15,594) (10,729) Proceeds from issuance of repurchased shares2514,061 12,085 9,255 Dividends paid25(851,619) (791,744) (840,000) Dividends paid to non-controlling interest(2,023) (1,879) (1,985) Proceeds from borrowings181,709,080 4,030,700 4,839,000 Principal payment on loans18(2,267,280) (6,762,222) (4,808,163) Interest paid on lease24- (53,639) (37,797) Interest paid29(234,134) (237,399) (292,322) Payment of lease liability24(358,987) (386,710) (325,207) Net cash used in by financing activities(2,037,294) (4,206,402) (1,467,948) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents1,992,802 (1,485,995) 868,758 Cash and cash equivalents at January 117,286,37418,662,76517,901,845Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents(142,733) 109,604 (107,838) Cash and cash equivalents at December 31$19,136,44317,286,37418,662,765See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019(Thousands of pesos) INDUSTRIAS BACHOCO, S.A.B. DE C.V. AND SUBSIDIARIES Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (Thousands of Mexican pesos, except amounts per share) (1) Reporting entity Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B. de C.V. and subsidiaries (hereinafter, “Bachoco” or the “Company”) is a publicly traded company and was incorporated on April 17, 1980, as a legal entity. The Company’s registered address is Avenida Tecnológico 401, Ciudad Industrial, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. The Company is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing poultry (chicken and eggs), swine and other products (primarily balanced animal feed). Bachoco is a holding company that has control over a group of subsidiaries (see note 5). The shares of the Company are listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV for its Spanish acronym) under the ticker symbol “Bachoco,” and in the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), under the ticker symbol “IBA” (see note 31 b). (2) Basis of preparation a) Statement of compliance The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”). On April 25, 2022, the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Daniel Salazar Ferrer, for review and approval by the Audit Committee, Board of Directors and stockholders. In accordance with Mexican General Corporate Law and the Company’s bylaws, the stockholders are empowered to modify the consolidated financial statements after their issuance should they deem it necessary. Business continuity The consolidated financial statements have been prepared by Management assuming that the Company will continue to operate as a going concern. b) Basis of measurement The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared on the historical cost basis (historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for goods and services), except for the following items in the consolidated statement of financial position, which are measured at fair value: • Derivative financial instruments for trading and hedging, and investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss and investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income 2 • Biological assets Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using another valuation technique. In estimating the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Company takes into account the characteristics of the asset or liability if market participants would take those characteristics into account when pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. In addition, for financial reporting purposes, fair value measurements are categorized into Level 1, 2 or 3 based on the degree to which the inputs to the fair value measurements are observable and the significance of the inputs to the fair value measurements in its entirety, which are described as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are observable either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs. c) Functional and presentation currency These consolidated financial statements are presented in thousands of Mexican pesos (“pesos” or “$”), the official currency of Mexico, which is the currency in which the Company’s accounting records are maintained and functional currency for most of its subsidiaries, except for foreign subsidiaries for which the U.S. dollar is the functional currency as well as the currency in which accounting records are maintained. For disclosure purposes, in the notes to the consolidated financial statements, “thousands of pesos” or “$” means thousands of Mexican pesos, and “thousands of dollars” means thousands of U.S. dollars. When deemed relevant, certain amounts are included between parentheses as a translation into thousands of dollars, into thousands of Mexican pesos, or both, as applicable. These translations are performed for the convenience of the reader at the closing exchange rate issued by Bank of Mexico, which is $20.51, $19.95 and $18.89 pesos to one U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. d) Use of estimates and judgments The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires Management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Estimates and significant assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Changes in estimates are recognized in the period in which they occur and in any future periods affected. The following are the critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the application of the Company’s accounting policies, which are significant to the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements. 3 Critical accounting judgments i. Fair value of biological assets The Company estimates the fair value of biological assets as the price that would be received or paid in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. As part of the estimate, the Company considers the maturity periods of such assets, the necessary time span for the biological assets to reach a productive stage, as well as future economic benefits obtained. The balance of current biological assets includes hatching eggs, growing pigs and growing poultry, while the balance of non-current biological assets includes poultry in its different production stages, and breeder pigs. Non-current biological assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation or accumulated impairment losses, as there is no observable or reliable market for such assets. Additionally, the Company believes that there is no reliable method for measuring the fair value of non-current biological assets. Current biological assets are valued at fair value when there is an observable market, less estimated selling expenses. ii. Business combinations or acquisition of assets Management uses its professional judgment to determine whether the acquisition of a group of assets constitutes a business combination or acquisition of assets in accordance with IFRS. This determination may have a significant impact in how the acquired assets and assumed liabilities are accounted for, both on initial recognition and subsequent thereto. iii. Aggregation of operating segments The Company’s chicken and egg operating segments are aggregated to present one reportable segment (Poultry) as they have similar products and services, production processes, classes of customers, methods used for distribution, the nature of the regulatory environment in which they operate, and similar economic characteristics as evidenced by similar five-year trends in average gross profit margins. These factors are evaluated at least annually. iv.Discount rate estimation to calculate the present value of future minimum rent payments The Company estimates the discount rate to be used in determining the lease liability, based on the incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”). The Company uses a two-level model, with which it determines the elements that make up the discount rate: (i) reference rate, and (ii) credit risk component. In such model, Management also considers its policies and practices to obtain financing, distinguishing between borrowings obtained at the corporate level (that is, by the holding company), or at the level of each subsidiary. Finally, for real estate leases, or in which there is significant and observable evidence of their residual value, the Company estimates and evaluates an adjustment for the characteristics of the underlying asset, taking into account the possibility that such asset may be granted as collateral or guarantee against the risk of default. 4 v.Estimate of the term of the lease contracts The Company defines the term of the leases as the period for which there is a contractual payment commitment, considering the non-cancellable period of the contract, as well as the renewal and early termination options that are reasonably certain to be exercised. The Company participates in lease agreements that do not have a defined mandatory term, a defined renewal period (if it contains a renewal clause), or annual automatic renewals. Accordingly, to measure the lease liability, the Company estimates the term of the contracts considering their contractual rights and limitations, the business plan, as well as Management's intentions for the use of the underlying asset. Additionally, the Company considers the early termination clauses of its contracts and the probability of exercising them, as part of its estimation of the lease term. Key sources of estimation uncertainty on the application of accounting policies i.Assessments to determine the recoverability of deferred tax assets On an annual basis the Company prepares financial projections to determine if it will generate sufficient taxable income to utilize its deferred tax assets associated with deductible temporary differences, including tax losses and other tax credits. ii.Useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment Useful lives and residual values of intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are used to determine amortization and depreciation expense of such assets and are determined with the assistance of internal and external specialists, as deemed necessary. Useful lives and residual values are reviewed periodically at least once a year, based on the current conditions of the assets and the estimate of the period during which they will continue to generate economic benefits to the Company. If there are changes in the related estimate, measurement of the net carrying amount of assets and the corresponding depreciation expense are affected prospectively. iii.Measurements and disclosures at fair value Fair value is a measurement based on the price a market participant would be willing to receive to sell an asset or pay to transfer a liability, and is not a measure specific to the Company. For some assets and liabilities, observable market transactions or market information may be available. For other assets and liabilities, observable market transactions and market information may not be available. However, the purpose of a measurement at fair value in both cases is to estimate the price at which an orderly transaction to sell the asset or to transfer the liabilities would be carried out among the market participants at the date of measurement under current market conditions. When the price of an identical asset or liability is not observable, the Company determines the fair value using another valuation technique which maximizes the use of relevant observable information and minimizes the use of unobservable information. As the fair value is a measurement based on the market, it is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when they assign a price to an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk. 5 iv.Impairment of long-lived assets and goodwill The carrying amount of long-lived assets is reviewed for impairment when situations or changes in circumstances indicate that it is not recoverable, except for goodwill which is reviewed on an annual basis. If there are indicators of impairment, a review is carried out to determine whether the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable value and whether it is impaired. The recoverable value is the highest of the asset’s fair value, less selling costs, and its value in use which is the present value of the future estimated cash flows generated by the asset. The value in use calculation requires the Company to estimate the future cash flows expected to arise from the asset and/or from the cash-generating unit and an appropriate discount rate in order to calculate present value. v.Employee retirement benefits The Company uses assumptions to determine the best estimate for its employee retirement benefits. Assumptions and estimates are established in conjunction with independent actuaries. These assumptions include: demographic hypotheses, discount rates and expected increases in remunerations and future employee service periods, among others. Although the assumptions are deemed appropriate, a change in such assumptions could affect the value of the employee benefit liability and the results of the period in which it occurs. vi.Expected credit losses on accounts receivable The expected credit losses on financial assets are estimated using a provision matrix based on the Company's historical experience of credit losses, adjusted for factors that are specific to each of the Company's customer and debtor groups, general economic conditions and Management's assessment both current and forecast conditions as of the reporting date, including the value of money when applicable. vii.Contingencies A contingent liability is defined as: • A possible obligation that arises from past events and whose existence can only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events not wholly within the control of the Company, or • A present obligation that arises from past events but is not recognized because: a. it is not probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation; or b. the amount of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. The assessment of such contingencies requires the exercise of significant judgments and estimates on the possible outcome of those future events. The Company assesses the probability of loss arising from lawsuits and other contingencies with the assistance of its legal advisors. These estimates are reconsidered periodically at each reporting period. 6 viii. Uncertainties Pandemics or disease outbreaks, such as the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”), may alter consumption and trade patterns, supply chains, and production processes, which could affect the Company’s business and results of operations. e) COVID In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 a Global pandemic. As a result, measures established by the federal, state and local authorities in Mexico and the United, that required the forced closure of certain activities considered non-essential (businesses, non-essential government agencies, educational sector, among others) which negatively affected the operations of some of the Company's customers. Currently globally we continue to experience the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the variants and their peak waves of contagion challenged us. During 2021, the start of the global vaccination campaign and the knowledge generated to manage the disease painted an encouraging picture with a view to reactivating economic and social activities and, in general, life as it was known before its arrival. Authorities in Mexico and the United States continued to impose restrictive measures on mobility and economic reopening, although greater flexibility was undoubtedly observed as a result of progress in vaccination. This led to greater economic activity even in non-essential sectors. During 2021 and 2020, Management performed an analysis to measure the financial impact on the Company derived from the possible effects of COVID 19, which included the following: • • Review of potential impairment of non-financial assets (including goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, plant and equipment) - Based on medium and long-term projections, a possible impairment in goodwill has not been identified in long-lived assets, except for intangible assets where an impairment of $5,459 was recognized in the United States subsidiary. Inventory valuation - The Company has not had an impairment in the price of chicken and eggs. The Company qualified as an essential activity for which it has kept operations working normally, reinforcing sanitary measures in all work centers, in this way it has fulfilled its commitments to its customers. During 2020, the Hotel sector was the most affected in sales volume, for which the Company directed the volume to other channels such as self-services, rotisserie chains , public market and live chicken. During 2021, the Hotel sector improved, but without reaching pre-pandemic levels. In the acquisition of raw materials, even when there was volatility in the dollar exchange rate, the prices of the main raw materials such as corn and soybean paste were not affected in terms of cost and supply due to the pandemic, in some other raw materials were delayed in shipments mainly due to logistical problems of ships in the ports of China, but without significantly affecting the Company's productive activities. • • Provision for expected losses - The estimate for expected credit losses was reviewed and based on this analysis, Management considered that the allowance for doubtful accounts is sufficient to support an increase in credit risk for certain clients. During certain months of the year 2021 and 2020, the level of the accounts receivable portfolio increased based on agreed terms and continues to be recovered considering the payment plans. 7 • Measurement at fair value - investments recognized at fair value consider all relevant market factors for their proper valuation. • Breaches of agreements – The Company has fulfilled its commitments to suppliers and customers due to the fact that, as an essential sector, it has maintained its operations working normally, complying with the health protocols established by the competent authorities and due to its solid financial position. • Going concern - The Company qualified as an essential activity in the markets it operates in and continues to operate normally with full operations in its farms, plants, distribution centers, logistics, supply chain and offices, despite partially working remotely in some of its corporate locations. Management has also implemented strict additional measures to guarantee the well-being of clients, suppliers and workers, as well as the quality and safety of its products, working in coordination with the health authorities and attending to all the recommendations issued by them. • Labor relations have not been affected and no changes were made to contractual agreements with employees as the Company continues to operate normally. • Liquidity risk management - The Company has sufficient liquidity to continue assuming its • • current and long-term commitments. Insurance recoveries related to business interruptions - The Company has insurance policies to cover business continuity, however, it is not expected that they will be used because it will continue to operate normally as it is considered to be an essential activity. Income tax considerations - So far, no adverse tax impact is anticipated as a result of the pandemic. As the products that the Company manufactures and its industry is considered essential, there were no significant adverse effects on its consolidated position and financial performance resulting from COVID-19. As the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, the Company does not consider that it should substantially modify its budgets and / or financial projections or recognize significant losses in the valuation of its monetary and non-monetary assets. However, there is no guarantee that in the future the financial situation could be affected if the negative effects of the disruption to the national and global economy are significantly altered. f) Labor Reform in Mexico On April 23, 2021, various labor and tax provisions regarding labor subcontracting were published, which implied the elimination of the group's service providers, except in specific cases. Due to the foregoing, the Company in July 2021 carried out the employer substitution for the transfer of personnel from its service providers to its operating companies in which the employees directly participate, all these subsidiaries of Industrias Bachoco S.A.B. of C.V. Due to the above in July the merger of these service providers with Bachoco S.A. de C.V. was carried out. As a result of the merger, there were no significant tax effects or significant effects on the labor liabilities of the pension plan. 8 g) Issuance of new IFRS i. New and amended IFRS that affect reported balances and/or disclosures in consolidated financial statements In the current year, the Company adopted a series of new and amended IFRS issued by the IASB which went into effect on January 1, 2021, as it relates to its consolidated financial statements. Phase 2 of the interest rate benchmark reform (IBOR- Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16) Interbank rates benchmark such as LIBOR, EURIBOR, and TIBOR, which represent the cost of obtaining unsecured funds, have been questioned about their viability as long-term funding benchmarks. The changes in the reform of the interest rates benchmark in its phase 2, refer to the modifications of financial assets, financial liabilities and lease liabilities, requirements for hedge accounting and disclosure of financial instruments. These improvements are effective as of January 1, 2021 with retrospective application, without it required to redo the comparative periods. With respect to modifying financial assets, financial liabilities and lease liabilities, the IASB introduced a practical expedient that involves updating the effective interest rate. On the other hand, with regard to hedge accounting, the hedge relationships and documentation must reflect the modifications to the hedged item, the hedging instrument and the risk to be hedged. Hedging relationships must meet all criteria for applying hedge accounting, including effectiveness requirements. Finally, with respect to disclosures, entities must disclose how they are managing the transition to alternative benchmark rates and the risks that may arise from the transition; in addition, they must include quantitative information on financial assets and non-derivative financial liabilities, as well as non-derivative financial instruments, that continue under the reference rates subject to the reform and the changes that have arisen to the risk management strategy. Its adoption had not material impact on the disclosures or the amounts reported in these consolidated financial statements. Initial impact of concessions applied to Income under IFRS 16 due to issues related to COVID-19 after june30, 2021, amendment to IFRS 16 In March 2021, the IASB issued COVID-19 Related Rent Concessions beyond June 30, 2021 (amendment to IFRS 16). When the IASB published the amendments to IFRS 16 in May 2020, the lessor was allowed to apply the practical expedient of the rental concessions for any reduction in the payment of leases affecting the original payments before or as of June 30, 2021. Due to the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, the amendment extended a practical expedient to apply those original payments before or on June 30, 2022. 9 The practical expedient allows a tenant to decide not to assess whether a COVID-19 related rent is a lease modification. A lessee who makes this election should account for any change in rent payments resulting from the granting of rents related to COVID-19 applying IFRS 16 as if the change were not a modification to the lease. The practical file applies only to rental concessions that occur as a direct consequence related to COVID-19 and only if the following conditions are met: - The change in lease payments results in consideration that is substantially the same as, or less than, the lease consideration immediately prior to the change. - Any reduction in lease payments only affects payments due on or before June 30, 2022 (a rental concession meets this condition if it results in a reduction in payments before June 30, 2022 increases lease payments that extend beyond June 30, 2022); and - There is no substantive change in any other clause or condition of the lease. The Company has not had any material impact for these amendments to IFRS 16 because it did not have any applicable rental concessions. ii. New IFRS issued but not yet effective As of the date of these consolidated financial statements, the Company has not applied the following new and revised IFRS that have been issued but are not yet effective. IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts IFRS 10 and IAS 28 (amendments) Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its Amendments to IAS 1 Amendments to IFRS 3 Amendments to IAS 16 Amendments to IAS 37 Annual improvements to IFRS 2018-2020 cycle Amendments to IAS 1 and the IFRS practice statements 2 Amendments to IAS 8 Amendments to IAS 12 associate or joint venture Classification of liabilities as current or non-current. Definition of a business Property, Plant and Equipment - before being used Onerous contracts - costs of fulfilling a contract Amendments to IFRS 1 First adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, IFRS 16 Leases and IAS 41 Agriculture Disclosure of accounting policies Definition of accounting estimates Deferred taxes related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction. 10 IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts IFRS 17 establishes the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of insurance contracts and replaces IFRS 4 - Insurance contracts. IFRS 17 describes a general model, which is modified for insurance contracts with direct participation features, which is described as the variable rate approach. The general model is simplified if certain criteria are met when measuring the liability for remaining coverage using the premium allocation method. The general model will use current assumptions to estimate the amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows and will explicitly measure the cost of that uncertainty, taking into account market interest rates and the impact of options and guarantees of the insured. In June 2020, the IASB issued the amendments to IFRS 17 to address the concerns and implementation of the changes that were identified after IFRS 17 was published. The amendments defer the date of initial application of IFRS 17 (incorporating the amendments) to the annual report beginning on or after January 1, 2023. At the same time, the IASB issued a Temporary Extension of Exemption to Apply IFRS 9 (Amendments to IFRS 4) that extends the expiration date of the temporary exception to apply IFRS 9 to IFRS 4 for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. IFRS 17 should be applied retrospectively unless it is not practical, in which case the retrospective approach will be modified, or the fair value approach will be applied. In accordance with the transition requirements, the date of initial application is the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies the Standard and, the transition date is the beginning of the period immediately preceding the date of the initial application. Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture The amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 treat with situations where there is a sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. Specifically, the amendments establish that gains or losses resulting from the loss of control of a subsidiary that does not contain a business in a transaction with an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method, are recognized in profit or loss. of the parent only to the extent that the participation of unrelated investors in that associate or joint venture. Similarly, profit and losses resulting from the remeasurement of investments retained in any former subsidiary (that has become an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method) at fair value, are recognized in profit. or loss of the former parent, only to the extent of the participation of unrelated investors in the new associate or joint venture. The effective date of the amendments has not yet been set by the IASB; however, early application is permitted. 11 Amendments to IAS 1 Classification of Liabilities as Current and Non-Current The amendments to IAS 1 affect only the presentation of liabilities as current and non-current in the statement of financial position and not the amount or timing at which any asset, liability, income or expense is recognized, or the information disclosed about those items. The amendments clarify that the classification of liabilities as current and non-current is based on the rights to exist at the end of the reporting period, specify that the classification is not affected by expectations about whether the entity will exercise the right to defer settlement of the liability, explain that rights exist if there are covenants to be met at the end of the reporting period, and introduce a definition of ‘arrangement’ to make it clear that the arrangement refers to the transfer of cash from the counterparty, equity instruments, other assets or services. The amendments are applied retrospectively for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, with early application permitted. Amendments to IFRS 3 - Reference to the Conceptual Framework The amendments update IFRS 3 so that it can refer to the 2018 Conceptual Framework instead of the 1989 Framework. They also added a requirement that, for obligations within the scope of IAS 37, a buyer applies IAS 37 to determine whether the acquisition date is a present obligation or exists as a result of a past event. For liens that are within the scope of IFRIC 21 - Liens, the buyer applies IFRIC 21 to determine whether the obligation gives rise to a liability to pay the lien that occurred at the acquisition date. Finally, the amendments add an explicit statement that the buyer will not recognize a contingent asset acquired from a business combination. The amendments are effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the initial period of the first annual period beginning on or after January 1, 2022. With an option for early application if the entity also applies all other updated references (published together with the Conceptual Framework) at the same time or early. Amendments to IAS 16 - Property, Plant and Equipment - before Intended Use. The amendments prohibit the deduction from the cost of an asset of property, plant or equipment of any revenue from selling the asset after it is ready for use, for example, revenue while the asset is being brought to the location and the necessary refurbishment is being carried out to make it operable in the manner intended by management. Accordingly, an entity should recognize those sales revenues and costs in profit or loss. The entity measures the costs of these items in accordance with IAS 2 Inventories. The amendments clarify the meaning of ‘testing whether an asset is functioning properly’. IAS 16 now specifies this as an assessment in which the physical and technical performance of the asset is capable of being used in the production or supply of goods or services, for rental or other, or administrative purposes. 12 If not presented separately in the statement of comprehensive income, the financial statements must disclose the amounts of revenues and costs in income related to items that are not an outflow from the entity's ordinary activities in the line item(s) in the statement of comprehensive income where revenues and costs are included. The modifications are applied retrospectively, but only to items of property, plant and equipment that are brought to the location and condition necessary for them to be able to operate as Management intends on or after the beginning of the period in which the entity's financial statements in which the modifications are first applied. The Company shall recognize the cumulative effect of the initial application of the amendments as a balance sheet adjustment to retained earnings (or an appropriate component of equity) at the beginning of the earliest period presented. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2022 with an option for earlier application. Amendments to IAS 37 - Onerous Contracts - Costs of Fulfilling a Contract The amendments specify that the ‘costs of fulfilling’ a contract comprise ‘costs directly related to the contract’. Costs that relate directly to a contract consist of incremental costs and costs of fulfilling a contract (e.g., labor or materials) and the allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling a contract (such as the allocation of depreciation to items of property, plant and equipment to fulfill the contract). The amendments apply to contracts in which the entity has not yet complied with all of its obligations at the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity applies the amendments for the first time. Comparatives should not be restated. Instead, an entity should recognize the cumulative effect of the initial application of the amendments as a balance sheet adjustment to retained earnings or such other component of equity, as appropriate, for the date of initial application. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with an option for earlier application. Annual Amendments to IFRS standards 2018-2020 The Annual Amendments include amendments to four standards. IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, the amendment provides additional relief for a subsidiary that adopts for the first time after its parent with respect to accounting for cumulative translation differences. As a result of the amendments, a subsidiary using the IFRS 1: D16(a) exception may now elect to measure the cumulative translation effects of foreign operations at the carrying amount that is included in the parent's consolidated statements, based on the parent's date of transition to IFRS, if there were no adjustments for consolidation procedures and for the effects of business combinations in which the parent acquired the subsidiary. A similar election is available for an associate or joint venture that uses the exception in IFRS 1: D16(a). 13 The amendment is effective for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with an early adoption option. IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, the amendment clarifies that when applying the ‘10%’ test to assess whether a financial liability should be derecognized, an entity includes only the paid fees or received between the entity (the borrower) and the lender, including paid fees or received by the entity or the lender. The amendments are applied prospectively to modifications or changes that occur on or after the date the entity first applies the amendment. The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with an option for earlier application. IFRS 16 Leases, the amendments eliminate the figure of reimbursement for leasehold improvements. As the amendments to IFRS 16 are only in respect of an illustrative example, no commencement date has been established. IAS 41 Agriculture, the amendments remove the requirement in IAS 41 for entities to exclude cash flows for tax purposes when measuring fair value. This aligns the fair value measurement in IAS 41 with the requirements of IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement to be consistent with cash flows and discount rates and allows preparers to determine whether cash flows and discount rates are used on a pre-tax or after-tax basis as is more appropriate to estimate fair value. The amendments are applied prospectively, i.e., the fair value measurement on or after the initial date of application of the amendments applied to the entity. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022, with an option for initial adoption. Amendments to IAS 1 and the IFRS practice statements 2 Disclosure of Accounting Policies The amendments change the requirements to IAS 1 with respect to the disclosure of accounting policies. The amendment replaces the terms “significant accounting policies” with “information on material accounting policies”. Information on accounting policies is material when it is considered that, together with other information included in the financial statements of an entity, they may influence the decisions of the primary users of the financial statements in general use and that they are made in the basis of those financial statements. The supporting paragraphs in IAS 1 are amended to clarify accounting policy information that relates to immaterial transactions, other events or conditions that are themselves material. To support these modifications, the IASB has developed guidance and examples to explain and demonstrate the application of the “4-step materiality process” described in the IFRS practice 2 statements. The amendments to IAS are effective for the annual periods beginning on January 1, 2021, with the option of early application and are applied prospectively. The amendments to the IFRS Practice 2 statements do not contain an effective date or transition requirements. 14 Amendments to IAS 8 Definition of accounting estimates The amendments replace the definition of a change in accounting estimates. Under the new definition, accounting estimates are “monetary amounts in the financial statements that are subject to measurement uncertainty”. The definition of a change in accounting estimates was deleted. However, the IASB maintained the concept of changes in an accounting estimate in the standard with the following clarifications: • A change in an accounting estimate is the result of new information or a new development and is not the correction of an error. • The effects of a change in an input or a valuation technique used to develop an accounting estimate are changes in accounting estimates if they do not result from a correction of prior period errors. The IASB added two examples (Example 4-5) to the IAS 8 Implementation Guide that accompanies the standard. The IASB has removed one example (example 3) as it could cause confusion from the amendments. The modifications are effective for the annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023 for changes in accounting policies and changes in accounting estimates that occur on or after the beginning of said period with the option of early application. Amendments to IAS 12 Deferred taxes related to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction. The amendments introduced an additional exception aside from the initial recognition exemption. In the amendments, an entity does not apply the initial recognition exception for transactions that give rise to taxable and deductible temporary differences. Depending on the applicable tax law, taxable and deductible temporary differences may occur on initial recognition of an asset and a liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and does not affect accounting or taxable profit. For example, it may occur with a recognition of a lease liability and the corresponding right-of-use asset applying IFRS 16 Leases at the commencement date of a lease. Following the amendments to IAS 12, an entity is required to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities, with the recognition of any deferred tax assets being subject to the recoverability criteria. The IASB also adds an illustrative example to IAS 12 that explains how the amendments apply. The amendments apply to transactions that occur on or after the first comparative period of the period presented. Additionally, at the beginning of the first comparative period an entity recognizes: 15 • A deferred tax asset (to the extent that it is probable that taxable income is available against the deductible temporary difference) and a deferred tax liability for all taxable and temporary deductions associated with: • Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities • Decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities that correspond to amounts recognized as part of the costs related to the asset. The cumulative effect at the beginning of the application of the amendments as an adjustment in the opening balances of retained earnings (or some other component of capital, as applicable) to date. The amendments are effective for the annual periods beginning on January 1, 2023, with the option of early application. The Company is in process of determining its conclusions, however, does not expect the adoption of the standards to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements in future periods. (3) Significant accounting policies The significant accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements. a) Basis of consolidation i. Subsidiaries Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control is lost (see note 5). The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the subsidiary companies up to December 31 of each year. Control is achieved when the Company: • Has power over the investee • It is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns derived from its participation in the investee • Has the ability to use his power to affect his returns Profits and losses of subsidiaries acquired or sold during the year are included in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income from the acquisition date to the disposal date. Where necessary, the financial statements of subsidiaries are adjusted to align their accounting policies with the Company’s consolidated accounting policies. ii. Transactions eliminated in consolidation Intercompany balances and transactions, and any unrealized gains and losses arising from transactions between consolidated companies have been eliminated in preparing these consolidated financial statements. 16 iii. Non-controlling interest Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are identified separately from the Company's capital in them. Non-controlling shareholders' interests that are current ownership interests that entitle their holders to a proportionate share of the net assets at liquidation may be initially measured at fair value or the proportionate share of non-controlling interest in the fair value of the identifiable net assets of the acquiree. The choice of measure is made acquisition by acquisition. Other non-controlling interests are initially measured at fair value. Post-acquisition, the carrying amount of non-controlling interests is the amount of those interests at initial recognition plus the participation of non-controlling interests in subsequent changes in capital. Total comprehensive income is attributed to non-controlling interests even if this results in non-controlling interests having a negative balance. iv. Business combinations Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. For each business combination, any non-controlling interest in the acquiree is valued either at fair value or according to the proportionate interest in the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. In a business combination, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their fair value on the date of acquisition, except that: • Deferred tax assets or liabilities and assets or liabilities related to employee benefit agreements are recognized and measured in accordance with IAS 12 and IAS 19, respectively. • Liabilities or equity instruments related to share. The acquiree's payment agreements or the Company's share-based payment agreements entered into to replace the acquiree's share-based payment agreements, are measured in accordance with IFRS 2 in the acquisition date. • Assets (or groups of assets) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5 are measured in accordance with that standard. Goodwill is originally valued at cost and represents any excess of the transferred consideration over the net assets acquired and liabilities assumed. If the net amount of identifiable acquired assets and assumed liabilities as of the acquisition date exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity and the fair value of the prior shareholding of the acquirer in the acquired entity (if any), any excess is immediately recognized in the consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income as a bargain purchase gain. Transaction costs, other than those associated with the issuance of debt or equity securities, that the Company incurs related to a business combination are expensed as incurred. The payable contingent considerations are measured at fair value at the acquisition date. If the contingent consideration is classified as equity, then it is not re-measured and settlement is accounted for within equity. Otherwise, subsequent changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recognized in profit and loss. 17 b) Foreign currency i. Foreign currency transactions Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Company at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date. The foreign currency gain and loss on monetary items is the difference between amortized cost in the functional currency at the beginning of the period, adjusted for interest and principal payments during the period, and the amortized cost in foreign currency translated at the exchange rate at the end of the reporting period. Non-monetary items that are measured at historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. ii. Translation of foreign operations Assets and liabilities, including goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on acquisition, of foreign operations whose functional currency differs from the reporting currency, are translated into Mexican pesos at the exchange rates at the reporting date. Income and expenses are translated to pesos at the average exchange rate of the period of the transactions. Foreign currency differences associated with translating foreign operations into the reporting currency (Mexican peso) are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in stockholders’ equity. Exchange differences on monetary items receivable or payable to a foreign business, whose settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future (therefore, they are part of the net investment in the business business), that are initially recognized in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to income when the total or partial disposal of the net investment is made. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company did not enter into such transactions. c) Financial instruments i. Financial assets Classification of financial assets The Company classifies and measures its financial assets under the following criteria: • The Company's debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortized cost if the financial asset is maintained in a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets with the objective of obtaining contractual cash flows; and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specific dates to cash flows that are only principal and interest payments on the amount of the principal. • Furthermore, debt instruments are subsequently measured at fair value through other comprehensive income if the financial asset is maintained within a business model whose objective is met by obtaining contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise, on specific dates, to cash flows that are only principal and interest payments on the outstanding amount of the principal. • By default, all other financial assets are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss. 18 Recognition and derecognition of financial assets Assets are initially recognized on the date of the contract in which the Company becomes a member of the contractual provisions of the instruments and they are initially valued at their fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issuance of financial assets and liabilities (other than financial assets at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or reduced from the fair value of the financial assets or liabilities, where applicable, at initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss. All regular purchases or sales of financial assets are recognized and derecognized on a trade date. Regular purchases or sales are purchases or sales of financial assets that require the delivery of assets within the period established by the regulation or usual practices in the market. All recognized financial assets are subsequently measured in full, either at amortized cost or fair value, according to the classification of financial assets. Financial assets of the Company include cash and cash equivalents, investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss and through other comprehensive income, derivative financial instruments and trade receivables. The Company initially recognizes accounts receivable and cash equivalents on the date that they arise. All other financial assets (including assets measured at fair value through profit and loss) are initially recognized on the trading date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are substantially transferred. Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount is presented in the consolidated statement of financial position solely if the Company has a legal right to offset the amounts and intends either to settle them on a net basis of financial assets and liabilities or otherwise realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and demand deposits or investments with original maturities of three months or less from the acquisition date, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in their fair value and are used by the Company in the management of its short-term commitments. Receivables Receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Such assets are recognized initially at fair value plus any directly attributable transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, receivables are measured at amortized cost. Receivables comprise trade, due from related parties and other receivables. 19 Impairment of financial assets The Company evaluates whether its financial assets accounted for at amortized cost and at fair value through other comprehensive income are impaired on the basis of losses due to expected credit losses. The amount of expected credit losses is updated on each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since the initial recognition of the respective financial instrument. The Company recognizes lifetime expected credit losses for commercial accounts receivable, contract assets and accounts receivable for leases. The expected credit losses on these financial assets are estimated using a provision matrix based on the Company's historical experience of credit losses, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors, the general economic conditions and Management’s assessment, of both the current and forecast conditions at the reporting date, including the time value of money when appropriate. For all other financial instruments, the Company recognizes the lifetime expected credit loss when there has been a significant increase in credit risk since the initial recognition. However, if the credit risk in the financial instrument has not increased significantly since the initial recognition, the Company measures the provision for losses for that financial instrument in an amount equal to the 12-month expected credit losses. The Company considers a significant increase in credit risk to have occurred when the financial investment asset’s credit rating falls to the level of speculation, or when the rating provided by external ratings agencies has decreased by more than 2 levels with respect to the level at which it was acquired. Additionally, the Company considers that default has occurred when a financial asset is more than 90 days past-due, unless there is reasonable and reliable information demonstrating that a later default criterion is more appropriate. ii. Financial liabilities Debt and/or equity instruments are classified as financial liabilities or as equity according to the substance of the contractual agreement and the definitions of liability and equity. All financial instrument liabilities are initially recognized on the trade date, which is the date that the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Company derecognizes a financial instrument liability when its contractual obligations are met, cancelled or expire. The Company has the following non-derivative financial instrument liabilities: short-term and long-term debt, and trade and other payables and accounts payable to related parties. The aforementioned financial liabilities are originally recognized at fair value, plus costs directly attributable to the transaction. Subsequently, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method or at fair value through profit or loss during their contractual term. 20 iii. Derivative financial instruments The Company participates in a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to exchange rate risks, including currency forward contracts. Derivative financial instruments entered into for fair value hedging or for trading purposes are initially recognized at fair value; any attributable transaction costs are recognized in profit and loss as incurred. Until 2019, government grant was recognized initially as a liability, and subsequently was recognized to profit and loss as the related obligation is settled. Subsequent to the initial recognition, such derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value, and changes in such value are immediately recognized in profit and loss unless the derivative is designated and is effective as a hedging instrument, in which case, its recognition in profit and loss will depend on the nature of the hedging. Fair value of derivative financial instruments that are traded in recognized financial markets is based on quotes issued by these markets; when a derivative financial instrument is traded in the “Over the Counter” market, the fair value is determined based on internal models and market inputs accepted in the financial environment. A derivative with a positive fair value is recognized as a financial asset, while a derivative with a negative fair value is recognized as a financial liability. Derivatives are not offset in the financial statements unless the Company has both the legal right and the intention to offset. A derivative is presented as a non-current asset or a non-current liability if the remaining maturity of the instrument is more than 12 months and it is not expected to be realized or settled within 12 months. Other derivatives are presented as current assets or current liabilities. The Company analyzes if there are embedded derivatives that should be segregated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract and the embedded derivative are not closely related. A separate instrument with the same terms as those of the embedded derivative meets the definition of a derivative, and the combined instrument is not measured at fair value through profit and loss. Changes in fair value of the separable embedded derivatives are immediately recognized in profit and loss. iv.Hedge Accounting The Company designates certain derivatives as hedging instruments with respect to foreign currency risk with fair value hedges, cash flow hedges or hedges of net investments in foreign operations. Firm commitments that hedge foreign currency risk are accounted for as cash flow hedges. At the beginning of the hedge relationship, the Company documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, together with its risk management objectives and its strategy to carry out various hedging transactions. In addition, at the beginning of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the instrument is effective to offset changes in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, which is when the hedging relationships comply with all of the following coverage effectiveness requirements: 21 • There is an economic relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item; • The effect of credit risk does not dominate the value of the changes resulting from the economic relationship; and • The coverage ratio of the coverage ratio is the same as that resulting from the amount of the hedged item that the Company actually covers and the amount of the hedging instrument that the Company actually uses to cover that amount of the hedged item. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the effectiveness requirement related to the hedging relationship, but the risk management objective for that designated hedging relationship remains the same, the Company adjusts the hedging relationship (that is, rebalances) so that it meets the qualification criteria again. The Company designates the entire change in the fair value of a forward contract (that is, it includes the forward elements) as the hedging instrument for all its hedging relationships that involve forward contracts. The Company designates only the intrinsic value of option contracts as a hedged item, that is, excluding the time value of the option. Changes in the fair value of the option are recognized in other comprehensive income and are accumulated in the cost of the hedge reserve. If the hedged item is related to the transaction, the fair value is reclassified to profit or loss when the hedged item affects the profit or loss. If the hedged item is related to the period of time, then the accumulated amount in the cost of the hedge reserve is reclassified to profit or loss in a rational manner: the Company amortizes the accumulated hedge reserve to profit or loss using the straight-line method. These reclassified amounts are recognized in profit or loss on the same line as the hedged item. If the hedged item is a non-financial item, the accumulated amount in the cost of the hedge reserve is eliminated directly from equity and is included in the initial carrying amount of the recognized non-financial item. In addition, if the Company expects that part or all of the accumulated loss in the cost of the hedge reserve will not be recovered in the future, that amount will be reclassified immediately to results. v. Capital stock Ordinary shares Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of ordinary shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects. Stock repurchase When share capital recognized as equity is repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, net of any tax effects, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the reserve for repurchase of shares. When treasury shares are sold or are re-issued subsequently, the amount received as well as the resulting surplus or deficit on the transaction is recognized in equity. d) Property, plant and equipment i. Recognition and measurement Property, plant and equipment, except for land, are recorded at acquisition cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Land is measured at the acquisition costs less any accumulated impairment losses. 22 Acquisition cost includes the purchase price, as well as any cost directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset, including all costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by Management. When components of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. An item of property, plant and equipment is derecognized at the time of disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected to arise from the continued use of the asset. Gains or losses on the sale of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds from the sale with the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment, and are recognized net under “other expenses, net” in profit and loss for the year. ii.Subsequent costs The replacement cost of an item of property, plant and equipment is capitalized if the future economic benefits associated with the cost are expected to flow to the Company and the related cost is reliably determined. The carrying amount of the replaced item is written off from the accounting records. Maintenance and repair expenses related to property, plant and equipment are expensed as incurred. iii. Depreciation Depreciation is calculated over the cost of the asset less its residual value, using the straight line method, based on the estimated useful life of the assets. Depreciation is recognized in profit and loss beginning from the time when the assets are available for use. Below are the estimated useful lives for 2021, 2020 and 2019: Buildings Machinery and Equipment Vehicles Computers Furniture Average useful Life 46 19 11 8 11 The Company has estimated the following residual values as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019: Buildings Machinery and Equipment Vehicles Computers Furniture e) Goodwill Residual Value 9% 8% 5% 0% 2% Goodwill arises as a result of the acquisition of a business over which control is obtained and is measured at cost less cumulative impairment losses; it is subject to annual tests for impairment. 23 f) Intangible assets They are mainly comprised of trade names and customer relationships derived from the acquisition of businesses in the United States of America. The cost of intangible assets acquired through a business combination represents their fair value at the acquisition date and they are recognized separately from goodwill. Subsequently, they are valued at cost less amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Intangible assets are classified as having a definite or indefinite life. Those with a defined life are amortized under the straight-line method during their estimated life and when there are impairment indicators, they are tested for impairment. The amortization methods and the useful life of the assets are reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, at the date of each consolidated statement of financial position. Amortization is charged to income in the general expenses category. Those with an indefinite life are not amortized, but are subject to impairment tests at least annually. g) Biological assets Biological assets whose fair value can be measured reliably are measured at fair value less costs of sale, with any change therein recognized in profit and loss. Costs of sale include all costs that would be necessary to sell the assets, excluding finance costs and income taxes. The Company’s biological assets consist of growing poultry, poultry in its different production stages, hatching eggs, breeder pigs, and growing pigs. When fair value cannot be reliably, verifiably and objectively determined, assets are valued at production cost less accumulated depreciation, and any cumulative impairment loss. Depreciation related to biological assets forms part of the cost of inventories and current biological assets and is ultimately recognized within cost of sales in the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income. Depreciation of poultry and breeder pigs is estimated based on the expected future life of such assets and is calculated on a straight-line basis. Poultry in its different production stages Breeder pigs Expected average useful life (weeks) 40-47 156 Biological assets are classified as current and non-current assets, based on the nature of such assets and their purpose, whether for commercialization or for reproduction and production. 24 h) Leased assets The Company evaluates whether a contract is or contains a lease at the beginning of the contract term. A lease is defined as a contract that grants the right to control the use of an identified asset, for a specified period, in exchange for consideration. The Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, with respect to all the lease agreements in which it operates as lessee, except in the following cases: short-term leases (defined as leases with a term of lease less than 12 months); low-value asset leases (defined as asset leases with an individual market value of less than 5 thousand dollars); and, the lease contracts whose payments are variable (without any fixed contractually defined payment). For these contracts that exclude the recognition of a right-of-use asset and a lease liability, the Company recognizes rental payments as a straight-line operating expense during the lease term. The right-of-use asset is made up of discounted lease payments at present value; direct costs of obtaining a lease; advance lease payments; and the dismantling or asset removal obligations. The Company depreciates the right-of-use asset over the shorter period of the lease term and the useful life of the underlying asset; In this sense, when a purchase option in the lease is likely to be exercised, the right-of-use asset depreciates over its useful life. Depreciation begins on the start date of the lease. The lease liability is measured at initial recognition by discounting future minimum income payments at present value according to a term, using a discount rate that represents the cost of obtaining financing in an amount equivalent to the value of the contract's income, for the acquisition of the underlying asset, in the same currency and for a period similar to the corresponding contract (incremental borrowing rate). When the contract payments contain non-lease components (services), the Company has chosen not to separate them and to measure all payments as a single lease component; however, for the rest of the asset classes, the Company measures the lease liability only considering the payments of components that are rents, while the services implicit in the payments are recognized directly in results as operating expenses. To determine the term of the lease, the Company considers the mandatory term, including the probability of exercising any right to extend the term and / or an early termination. Subsequently, the lease liability is measured by increasing the book value to reflect the interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and reducing the book value to reflect the rental payments made. When there are modifications to the lease payments for inflation, the Company remits the lease liability from the date the new payments are known, without reconsidering the discount rate. However, if the modifications are related to the term of the contract or change in circumstances that results in a change in the assessment of the exercise of a purchase option, the Company re-evaluates the discount rate in the measurement of the liability. Any increase or decrease in the value of the lease liability subsequent to this re-measurement is recognized by increasing or decreasing to the same extent, as the case may be, the value of the right-of- use asset. 25 Finally, the lease liability is derecognized at the time the Company pays all of the contract's payments. When the Company determines that it is probable that it will exercise an early termination from the contract that merits a cash outlay, said consideration is part of the re- measurement of the liability mentioned in the preceding paragraph; however, in those cases in which the early termination does not imply a cash outlay, the Company pays the lease liability and the corresponding right of use asset, recognizing the difference between the two immediately in the consolidated statement of income. i) Inventories Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on average cost, and includes expenditures incurred for acquiring inventories, production or transformation costs, and other costs incurred for bringing them to their present location and condition. Agricultural products derived from biological asses are processed chickens and commercial eggs. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the costs necessary to make the sale. Cost of sales represents cost of inventories at the time of sale, increased, if applicable, by reductions in inventory to its net realizable value, if lower than cost, during the year. The Company records the necessary reductions in the value of its inventories for impairment, obsolescence, slow movement and other factors that may indicate that the use or performance of the items that are part of the inventory may be lower than the carrying value. j) Impairment Non-financial assets The carrying amounts of the Company’s non-financial assets, other than inventories, biological assets and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated or cash generating units, as the lowest between its value in use and the fair value less cost of sale. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment on the same dates. The Company defines the cash generating units and also estimates the periodicity and cash flows that they should generate. Subsequent changes in the group of cash-generating units, or changes in the assumptions that support the cash flow estimates or the discount rate could impact the carrying amounts of the respective asset. The main assumptions for developing estimates of recoverable amounts are the estimates the future cash flows expected to arise from the cash-generating unit and a suitable discount rate in order to calculate its present value. The Company estimates cash flow projections considering current market conditions, determination of future prices of goods and volumes of production and sales. In addition, for the purposes of the discount and perpetuity growth rates, the Company uses indicators of market and expectations of long-term growth in the markets in which it operates. 26 The Company estimates a discount rate before taxes for the purposes of the goodwill impairment test that reflects the risk of the corresponding cash-generating units and that enables the calculation of present value of expected future cash flows, as well as to reflect risks that were not included in the cash flow projection assumptions and premises. The discount rate that the Company estimates is based on the weighted average cost of capital. In addition, the discount rate estimated by the Company reflects the return that market participants would require if they had made a decision about an equivalent asset, as well as the expected generation of cash flow, time, and risk-and-return profiles. The Company annually reviews the circumstances which led to an impairment loss arising from cash-generating units to determine whether such circumstances have been changed and that may result in the reversal of previously recognized impairment losses. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. For other long-lived assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if the impairment loss had not been recognized. Impairment losses are recognized in profit and loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of cash-generating units are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the cash-generating unit (or group of CGUs), and subsequently to reduce the carrying amount of the other long-lived assets within the cash-generating unit (or group of CGUs) on a pro rata basis. k) Held-for-sale assets Held for sale assets mainly consist of foreclosed assets. Foreclosed assets are initially recorded at the lower of fair value less costs to sell or the net carrying amount of the related account receivable. Immediately before being classified as held-for-sale, assets are valued according to the Company’s accounting policies in accordance with the applicable IFRS. Subsequently, held- for-sale assets are recorded at the lower of the carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell. Impairment initial classification of held-for-sale assets and subsequent remeasurement gains and losses are recognized in profit and loss. Recognized gains shall not exceed cumulative impairment losses previously recognized. losses on l) Other assets Other long-term assets primarily include advances for the purchase of property, plant and equipment, investments in insurance policies and security deposits. The Company owns life insurance policies of some of the former stockholders of Bachoco USA, LLC (foreign subsidiary). The Company records these policies at their net cash surrender value which approximates its fair value (see note 17). m) Employee benefits The Company grants to its employees in Mexico and abroad, different types of benefits as described below and as detailed in note 22. 27 i.Defined contribution plan A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions to a separate entity and has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit and loss in the periods during which the related services are rendered by employees. Prepaid contributions are recognized as an asset to the extent that the Company has the right to a cash refund or a reduction in future payments is available. Contributions to a defined contribution plan due more than 12 months after the end of the period in which the employees render the service are discounted at present value. ii. Defined benefit plan A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than a defined contribution plan. It is funded by contributions made by the Company and is intended to meet the Company’s labor obligations to its employees. The Company´s net obligations in respect of defined benefit plans is calculated separately for each plan, estimating the amount of the future benefit that the employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior years; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value, and is reduced by the fair value of the plan assets. The discount rate is the yield at the end of the reporting period on high quality corporate bonds (or governmental bonds in the instance that a deep market does not exist for high quality corporate bonds, which is the case in Mexico) that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Company´s obligations and that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate at the beginning of the period to the net defined benefit liability or asset. Defined benefit costs are categorized as follows: • • Service cost (including current service cost, past service cost, as well as gains and losses on curtailments and settlements) Net interest expense or income The Company presents service cost as part of operating income in the consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses for reduction of service are accounted for as past service costs. The calculation is performed annually by a qualified actuary using the projected unit credit method. When the calculation results in a benefit to the Company, the recognized asset is limited to the present value of any economic benefits available in the form of refunds from the plans or reductions in future contributions to the plans. When the benefits of a plan are modified or improved, the portion of the improved benefits related to past services by employees is recognized in profit and loss on the earlier of the following dates: when there is a modification or curtailment to the plan, or when the Company recognizes the related restructuring costs or termination benefits. Remeasurement adjustments, comprising actuarial gains and losses, the effect of changes to the asset ceiling (if applicable) and the return on plan assets (excluding interest), are reflected immediately with a charge or credit recognized in other comprehensive income in the period in which they occur. Remeasurement recognized in other comprehensive income is reflected immediately in equity and is not reclassified to profit or loss. 28 iii. Short-term benefits Short-term employee benefits are valued on a non-discounted basis and are expensed as the respective services are rendered. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under the short-term cash bonus plans or statutory employee profit sharing (PTU for its acronym in Spanish), if the Company has a legal or constructive obligation to pay such amounts as a result of prior services rendered by the employee, and the obligation may be reliably estimated. iv. Termination benefits from constructive obligations During 2019 and 2020 the Company recognizes, as a defined benefit plan, a constructive obligation from past practices. The liability accrues based on the services rendered by the employee. Payment of this benefit is made in one installment at the time that the employee voluntarily ceases working for the Company. n) Provisions A provision is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. When the effect of time value of money is significant, the amount of the provision is the present value of the disbursements expected to be necessary to settle the obligation. The discount rate applied is determined before taxes and reflects market conditions at the reporting date and takes into account the specific risk of the relevant liability, if any. The unwinding of the present value discount is recognized as a financial cost. o) Interests in joint operations A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. The Company as a joint operator recognizes, in relation to its interest in a joint operation: its assets, including its share of any assets held jointly; its liabilities, including its share of any liabilities incurred jointly; its revenue from the sale of its share of the output arising from the joint operation; its share of the revenue from the sale of the output by the joint operation, and its expenses, including its share of any expenses incurred jointly. The Company accounts for the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses relating to its interest in a joint operation in accordance with the IFRSs applicable to such assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. 29 The Company has joint operations derived from the agreements for the development of its biological assets. For such operations, the Company accounts for its biological assets, its obligations derived from technical support, as well as the expenses it incurs with respect to the joint operations. The live poultry produced by the joint operation is ultimately used internally by the Company and may be sold by the Company to third parties. As a result, the joint operation itself does not generate any revenues with third parties. p) Revenues Revenues from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities are measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates. Revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence exists, usually in the form of an executed sales agreement, that control over the product has been transferred to the customer. If it is probable that discounts will be granted and the amount can be measured reliably, the discount is recognized as a reduction of revenue. The Company generally does not accept sales returns. No asset is recognized for product returns, due to the fact that such products are not expected to be sold or recovered in another manner given that they are perishable. To the extent sales returns occur, the product returns are made simultaneously with the delivery and acceptance of the product (same day). The Company has concluded that all performance obligations are satisfied at the time of delivery of the product to the customer. The Company has a variety of credit terms for its various distribution channels, all of which have short terms, consistent with market and industry practices. Accordingly, there are no financing components. A significant portion of sales in Mexico are collected in cash on delivery. q) Financial income and costs and dividend income Financial income comprises interest income from funds invested, fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit or loss and foreign currency exchange gains. Interest income is recognized in profit and loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit and loss on the date that the Company´s right to receive the payment is established. Financial costs comprise interest expense for borrowings, foreign currency exchange losses and fair value changes on financial assets at fair value through profit and loss. Borrowing costs that are not directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are recognized in profit and loss using the effective interest method. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the costs of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale. Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization. Exchange gains and losses are reported on a net basis. 30 r) Income taxes Income tax expense is comprised of current and deferred tax. Current income taxes and deferred income taxes are recognized in profit and loss provided they do not relate to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income. Current income tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the fiscal year, which can be applied to taxable income from previous years, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted in each jurisdiction at the reporting date, plus any adjustment to taxes payable with respect to previous years. Current income tax payable also includes any tax liability arising from the payment of dividends. Deferred income tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the amounts used for tax purposes. Deferred income tax is not recognized for: • the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and did not affect either accounting or taxable profit or loss; • differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that it is probable that the Company is able to control the reversal date, and the reversion is not expected to take place in the near future. • taxable temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of goodwill. Deferred income tax is determined by applying the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the temporary differences will reverse, based on the regulations enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date. The measurement of deferred income tax assets and liabilities reflect the tax consequences derived from the manner in which the Company expects to recover or settle the carrying amounts of its assets and liabilities. In determining the amount of current and deferred income tax, the Company takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Company believes that the balance for its income tax liabilities are appropriate for all tax years subject to be reviewed by the tax authorities based on its assessment of several factors, including the interpretation of the tax laws and prior experience. A deferred income tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred income tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is not probable that the related tax benefit will be realized. 31 s) Earnings per share The Company presents information on basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) related to its ordinary shares. Basic EPS is computed by dividing the profit and loss attributable to the holders of the Company’s common shares by the weighted average number of outstanding ordinary shares during the period, adjusted for treasury shares held. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit and loss attributable to the holders of the ordinary shares and the outstanding weighted average number of ordinary shares, adjusted for treasury shares held, for the potential dilutive effects of all ordinary shares, including convertible instruments and options on shares granted to employees. At December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company has no outstanding instruments that imply the existence of potential ordinary shares, for which reason basic and diluted EPS are the same. t) Segment information An operating segment is a component of the Company: i) that is engaged in business activities from which revenues and expenses may be obtained and incurred, including revenues and expenses related to transactions with any of the other components of the Company, ii) whose results are reviewed periodically by the chief operating decision maker for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance, and iii) for which discrete financial information exists. The Company discloses reportable segments based on operating segments whose revenues exceed 10% of the combined revenues from all segments, whose absolute value of profit or loss exceeds 10% of the combined absolute value of profit or loss from all segments, whose assets exceed 10% of the combined assets from all segments, or that result from the aggregation of two or more operating segments that share similar economic characteristics and meet the aggregation criteria under IFRS (note 2 d) iii. ). u) Costs and expenses by function Costs and expenses in the consolidated statements of profit and loss and other comprehensive income were classified by their function. The nature of costs and expenses is presented in Note 23. v) Statement of cash flows The Company presents cash flows from operating activities by using the indirect method, in which the income or loss is adjusted by the effects of items that do not require cash flows, including those related to investing or financing activities. The Company classifies all interest received from its investments and accounts receivable as investment activities, and all interest paid as financing activities. (4) Business and asset acquisitions Acquisition of Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. On June 26, 2020, the Company acquired 54.80% of voting stock of Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. The operating results are included in the consolidated financial statements as of that date. Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. is dedicated to the processing and distribution of pigs, and has operations in the states of Sonora, Jalisco, Guanajuato, Mexico City and Yucatan, Mexico. The purchase price paid as a capital contribution amounted to $215,000. 32 The purchase of Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. benefits the “Other” segment as it will allow it to accelerate the pace of growth and continue advancing in the process of diversifying other animal proteins. The assets acquired and the assumed liabilities of Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. were recognized based on the best estimate of their fair value at the acquisition date. The fair value of the assets was determined using cost and market approaches. The cost approach, which estimates the value based on the current replacement cost of an asset by another asset of equal usefulness, was used mainly for plant and equipment. The market approach, in which the value of an asset is based on available market prices for comparable assets, was used mainly for real estate. Due to their liquidity or short-term maturities, as appropriate, the Company concluded that Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V.’s pre-acquisition carrying amounts for cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities approximate their fair value at the acquisition date. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed The following is a summary of the recognized amounts of acquired assets and assumed liabilities at the date, compared to the consideration paid: Current assets, other than inventories Inventories Property, plant and equipment Total assets Current liabilities Deferred income tax Acquired net identifiable assets Controlling interest Non-controlling interest Consideration paid Bargain purchase gain (note 30) $ $ Acquisition value 349,834 123,959 383,680 857,473 (263,365) (35,916) 558,192 305,889 252,303 215,000 90,889 At the acquisition date, the non-controlling interest is measured on the basis of the proportional participation of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. 33 The bargain purchase gain arises because the net of fair value of the assets at the acquisition date exceeds the amount of the consideration transferred. The business strategies followed by the acquiree in the past resulted in a high cost structure and limited opportunity for improving profitability, resulting in a fair value of the business below that of its component parts. For this reason, a gain was recognized in other expense, net (see note 30) in the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. Had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2020, consolidated revenues and consolidated profits for the year ended December 31, 2020 would have totaled $70,337,002 and $3,991,092, respectively. In determining these amounts, Management assumed that the provisional adjustments to fair value recognized at the date of acquisition would have been similar if the acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2020. Costs related to acquisition. During 2020, the Company incurred costs related to the acquisition of Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. of $1,704 corresponding to external legal fees and due diligence costs, which are included in other expenses in the Company’s consolidated statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income. (5) Subsidiaries of the Company A list of subsidiaries and the Company’s shareholding percentage in such subsidiaries as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are presented below: Name Shareholding percentage in subsidiaries Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. Bachoco USA, LLC. & Subsidiary Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V. Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V. Aviser, S.A. de C.V. Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V. Secba, S.A. de C.V. Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. Sepetec, S.A. de C.V. Wii kit RE LTD. Proveedora La Perla S.A. de C.V. Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. Country Mexico U.S. Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Mexico Bermuda Mexico Mexico December 31, 2020 99.99 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 64.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 100.00 100.00 54.80 2021 99.99 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 64.00 - - - - - 100.00 100.00 54.84 2019 99.99 100.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 64.00 99.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 99.99 100.00 100.00 - The main subsidiaries of the group and their activities are as follows: - Bachoco, S.A. de C.V. (“BSACV”) (includes four subsidiaries which are 51% owned, and over which BSACV has control). BSACV is engaged in breeding, processing and marketing poultry goods (chicken and eggs). 34 - Bachoco USA, LLC. holds the shares of OK Foods, Inc. and, therefore, all operations controlled by the Company in the United States of America. The primary activities of Bachoco USA, LLC and its subsidiary are comprised of the production of chicken products and hatching eggs, mostly marketed in the United States of America and, to a lesser extent, in other foreign markets. - Campi Alimentos, S.A. de C.V., is engaged in producing and marketing balanced animal feed and pet treats, mainly for sales to third parties. - The main activity of Bachoco Comercial, S.A. de C.V. is the distribution of turkey, beef and pig value-added products. - The main activity of Induba Pavos, S.A. de C.V. and Proveedora La Perla, S.A. of C.V.is the leasing of property, plant and equipment to its related parties. - PEC LAB, S.A. de C.V. is the holding of the shares of Pecuarius Laboratorios, S.A. de C.V. Its main activity consists of the production and distribution of medicines and vaccines for animal consumption. - Aviser, S.A. de C.V., Operadora de Servicios de Personal, S.A. de C.V., Secba, S.A. de C.V., Servicios de Personal Administrativo, S.A. de C.V. and Sepetec, S.A de C.V. until July 2021, were engaged in providing administrative and operating services rendered to their related parties. Derived from the requirements of the Labor Reform in Mexico (see note 2f), in July 2021 these companies merged with Bachoco, S.A. de C.V., subsisting this as a merging company, which acquires all the debts and responsibilities of the merged companies, subrogating the merged company in all its commercial, civil, labor, fiscal rights and obligations and of any other nature without exception. - Wii kit RE LTD. in Bermuda, it is a Class I reinsurance company that provides insurance coverage to its affiliates. - Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. DE C.V., in Mexico, it is dedicated to the pig processing and distribution. During 2021 the company merged Interswine S. de R.L. de C.V., Agropecuaria Sasapork S.P.R de R.L. de C.V., Cerdo Industrializado S.A. de C.V., Productora Industrializada S.A. of C.V. and Whitecaps S.A. de C.V., subsisting Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. of C.V. as a merging. The transaction was recorded in accordance with that is described in the accounting policies, causing no impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. None of the Company’s contracts or loan agreements restrict the net assets of its subsidiaries. (6) Operating segments Reportable segments have been determined based on a product line approach. Intersegment transactions have been eliminated. The poultry segment consists of chicken and egg operations. The information included in the “Others” segment corresponds to operations of swine, balanced feed for animal consumption and other by-products that do not meet the quantitative thresholds to be considered as reportable segments. 35 Inter-segment pricing is determined on an arm’s length basis comparable to those which would be used with or between independent parties in comparable transactions. The accounting policies of operating segments are as those described in note 3 t). Below is the information related to each reportable segment. Performance is measured based on each segment’s income before taxes, in the same manner as it is included in Management reports that are regularly reviewed by the Company’s Board of Directors, which has been identified as being responsible for making operational decisions, allocating resources and evaluating the performance of the operating segments. a) Operating segment information Year ended December 31, 2021 Net revenues Cost of sales Gross profit Finance income Finance costs Income before taxes Income taxes Net income attributable to controlling interest Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets Non-current biological assets Total assets Total liabilities Purchases of property, plant and equipment Depreciation and amortization Depreciation of right-of-use assets Intangible impairment loss Poultry $ 71,647,726 59,195,273 12,452,453 879,142 214,780 6,052,051 1,655,934 Other 10,051,342 9,161,381 889,961 238,264 52,743 689,687 151,704 4,394,865 19,943,697 1,600,592 704,374 2,308,577 58,387,628 16,592,293 3,298,794 1,306,665 331,127 5,459 670,689 1,819,705 88,015 - 49,560 7,497,233 1,008,508 180,699 157,133 12,240 - Total 81,699,068 68,356,654 13,342,414 1,117,406 267,523 6,741,738 1,807,638 5,065,554 21,763,402 1,688,607 704,374 2,358,137 65,884,861 17,600,801 3,479,493 1,463,798 343,367 5,459 Total revenues Intersegments Net revenues Poultry revenues 71,660,739 (13,013) 71,647,726 Other revenues 10,090,925 (39,583) 10,051,342 Total revenues 81,751,664 (52,596) 81,699,068 $ $ 36 Year ended December 31, 2020 Poultry Other Net revenues Cost of sales Gross profit Finance income Finance costs Income before taxes Income taxes Net income attributable to controlling interest Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets Total assets Total liabilities Purchases of property, plant and equipment Depreciation and amortization $ 61,323,853 51,165,650 10,158,203 998,654 260,570 4,626,582 1,060,876 3,532,589 17,146,405 1,562,404 753,224 51,081,829 13,144,941 1,978,818 1,542,031 7,468,149 6,541,916 926,233 174,866 30,759 557,121 150,735 403,083 2,587,417 88,312 - 7,393,171 1,403,251 773,463 193,115 Total 68,792,002 57,707,566 11,084,436 1,173,520 291,329 5,183,703 1,211,611 3,935,672 19,733,822 1,650,716 753,224 58,475,000 14,548,192 2,752,281 1,735,146 Total revenues Intersegments Net revenues Poultry revenues 61,332,013 (8,160) 61,323,853 Other revenues 7,506,962 (38,813) 7,468,149 Total revenues 68,838,975 (46,973) 68,792,002 $ $ Year ended December 31, 2019 Poultry Other Net revenues Cost of sales Gross profit Finance income Finance costs Income before taxes Income taxes Net income attributable to controlling interest Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets Total assets Total liabilities Purchases of property, plant and equipment Depreciation and amortization $ 55,653,027 46,456,076 9,196,951 860,140 529,226 3,854,474 993,652 2,849,145 16,440,851 1,490,978 772,640 49,533,440 14,066,224 1,811,086 1,171,200 6,002,218 5,101,275 900,943 131,492 81,142 503,330 131,326 370,786 2,115,795 88,016 - 6,169,051 1,375,932 258,241 115,243 Total 61,655,245 51,557,351 10,097,894 991,632 610,368 4,357,804 1,124,978 3,219,931 18,556,646 1,578,994 772,640 55,702,491 15,442,156 2,069,327 1,286,443 37 Poultry revenues 55,656,645 (3,618) 55,653,027 Other revenues 6,037,772 (35,554) 6,002,218 Total revenues 61,694,417 (39,172) 61,655,245 $ $ Total revenues Intersegments Net revenues b) Geographical information When submitting information by geographic area, revenue is classified based on the geographic location where the Company’s poultry segment customers are located. Segment assets are classified in accordance with their geographic location. Geographical information for the “Others” segment is not included below because the operations are carried out entirely within Mexico. Year ended December 31, 2021 Domestic poultry Foreign poultry Operations between geographical segments Total $ 51,287,149 20,490,145 (129,567) 71,647,726 1,420,262 888,315 17,602,324 212,833 - 2,341,373 1,387,759 704,374 - - - - 2,308,577 19,943,697 1,600,592 704,374 Year ended December 31, 2020 Domestic poultry Foreign poultry Operations between geographical segments Total $ 41,835,033 19,573,023 (84,203) 61,323,853 1,185,308 806,222 14,659,461 212,536 - 2,486,944 1,349,868 753,224 - - - - 1,991,530 17,146,405 1,562,404 753,224 Net revenues Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and investments in insurance policies: Non-current biological assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets Net revenues Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and investments in insurance policies: Non-current biological assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets 38 Year ended December 31, 2019 Domestic poultry Foreign poultry Operations between geographical segments Total $ 38,778,025 16,931,735 (56,733) 55,653,027 1,058,126 760,785 13,799,774 212,833 - 2,641,077 1,278,145 772,640 - - - - 1,818,911 16,440,851 1,490,978 772,640 Net revenues Non-current assets other than financial instruments, deferred tax assets, post-employment benefit assets, and investments in insurance policies: Non-current biological assets Property, plant and equipment, net Goodwill Intangible assets c) Major Customers In Mexico, the Company’s products are traded among a large number of customers, without significant concentration with any specific customer. Therefore, in 2021, 2020 and 2019, no customer represented over 10% of the Company’s total revenues. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have operations with an individual customer that represented a significant concentration in the United States of America, more than 10% of the total income of the Company. (7) Cash and cash equivalents The consolidated balances of cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are as follows: Cash and banks Investments with maturities less $ than three months Restricted cash Total cash and cash equivalents $ 2021 14,586,467 4,519,265 19,105,732 30,711 19,136,443 December 31, 2020 12,941,334 4,305,998 17,247,332 39,042 17,286,374 2019 13,106,862 5,513,276 18,620,138 42,627 18,662,765 Restricted cash corresponds to the minimum margin required by the intermediary for the Company’s derivative financial instruments on commodities in order to meet future commitments that may stem from adverse market movements affecting prices on the open positions as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. 39 (8) Financial instruments and risk management The Company is exposed to market risks, liquidity risks and credit risks for the use of financial instruments, for which reason it exercises its risk management. This note presents information on the Company’s exposure to each one of the aforementioned risks, as well as the Company’s objectives, policies and processes for the measurement and management of financial risks. Risk management framework The philosophy adopted by the Company seeks to minimize risks and, therefore maximize business stability, focusing decisions on creating an optimum combination of products and assets that produce a risk – return ratio more in agreement with the risk profile of its stockholders. In order to establish a clear and optimal organizational structure with respect to risk management, a Risk Committee has been established which is the specialized body in charge of defining, proposing, approving and implementing the objectives, policies, procedures, methodologies and strategies, as well as the determination of the maximum limits of exposure to risk and contingency plans. At December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company has not identified the existence of embedded derivatives. Some of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 meet the requirements to be treated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes (11,238, 319,506 and 24,352 thousand U.S. dollars of notional amounts). As of December 31, 2021 and 2019, the Company has no derivative trading instruments. Some of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as of December 31, 2020 are recognized in earnings through profit or loss for accounting purposes (60,000 thousand U.S. dollars of notional amounts). Management by type or risk a) Categories of financial assets and liabilities The Company’s financial assets and liabilities are shown below: 40 2021 December 31, 2020 2019 $ 19,136,443 17,286,374 18,662,765 10,841 1,018,322 186,284 1,559,823 74,148 3,102,203 291 211,278 69,862 937,715 71,431 2,704,058 686 193,689 - 315,761 65,545 2,523,092 13,674 173,488 18,098 $ (1,993,911) (2,517,965) (4,928,607) (8,977,051) (5,049,103) (4,491,171) (803,050) (76,704) (651,480) (185,429) (719,711) (80,842) (194,181) - - Financial assets Cash and cash equivalents Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Investments in life insurance Trade receivables Due from related parties Other long-term receivables Derivative financial instruments Financial liabilities Current and non-current financial debt Trade payables, sundry creditors and expenses payable Current and non-current lease liabilities Due to related parties Derivative financial instruments b) Credit risk Credit risk is defined as the potential loss of a portfolio of an amount owed to the Company due to lack of payment from a debtor, or for breach by a counterparty with which derivative financial instruments and investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss and other comprehensive income transactions are conducted. The risk management process contemplates the use of derivative financial instruments, which are exposed to a market risk, as well as counterparty risk. Measurement and monitoring of counterparty risk In terms of valuation and monitoring of Over the counter (“OTC”) derivative financial instruments and investments in securities, the Company currently measures its counterparty risk by identifying the Credit Valuation Adjustment (“CVA”) and Debit Valuation Adjustment (“DVA”). For investments in securities denominated in Mexican pesos, the financial instruments valuation models used by price vendors incorporate market movements and credit quality of issuers, thereby implicitly including the counterparty risk of the transaction in the fair value measurement; therefore, the position in investment in securities includes the counterparty risk and no additional adjustment is carried out. The price of the instruments obtained from the price vendor is the mid-point between the bid price and the ask price (the “mid-price”). 41 Investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency, not listed in Mexico, are recorded at prices contained in the broker's statements of account. The Company validates these market prices using Bloomberg, which incorporate market movements and the credit quality of issuers; thereby implicitly including the counterparty risk of the transaction and no related adjustment is carried out. The prices obtained from Bloomberg are mid prices. Trade accounts receivable and other accounts receivable measurement and monitoring It is the policy of the Company to establish an allowance for doubtful accounts to cover the balances of accounts receivable that are not likely to be recovered. To set the required allowance, the Company considers historical losses, assesses current market conditions, as well as customers' financial conditions, accounts receivable in litigation, price differences, portfolio aging and current payment patterns. The impairment assessment of accounts receivable is performed on a collective basis, as there are no accounts with individually significant balances. The Company's products are marketed to a large number of customers without any significant concentration with a specific customer. As part of the objective evidence that an account receivable portfolio is impaired, the Company considers past experiences with respect to collection, increases in the number of overdue payments in the portfolio exceeding the average loan period, as well as observable changes in national and local economic conditions that correlate to defaults. The Company has a credit policy under which each new customer is analyzed individually in terms of its creditworthiness before offering it payment terms and conditions. The Company's review includes internal and external assessments, and in some cases, bank references and a search in the Public Registry of Properties. For each customer, purchase limits are established, which represent the maximum credit amount. Customers that do not meet the Company's credit references can solely conduct transactions in cash or through advance payments. The allowance for doubtful accounts includes trade accounts receivable that are in process of legal recovery, which amount to $157,012, $143,278 and $140,304 as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The reconciliation of movements of the allowance for doubtful accounts, and the analysis of past-due accounts receivable but not impaired, are presented in note 9. The Company receives credit enhancements on credit lines granted to its clients, which consist of real and personal property, such as land, buildings, houses, vehicles, letters of credit, cash deposits and others. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the fair value of such credit enhancements, determined by an appraisal at the time the credit lines were granted, is $667,322, $180,513 and $663,500, respectively. The fair value of trade accounts receivable is similar to the carrying amount, as the terms granted under credit lines are of a short term nature and do not include significant finance components. 42 Investments The Company limits its exposure to credit risk investing solely with counterparties that have been rated on a well-recognized credit rating scale or are deemed to be investment grade. Management constantly monitors credit ratings, and as it invests solely in securities with high credit ratings, it is not expected that any counterparty will fail to fulfill its obligations. Financial guarantees granted It is the Company’s policy to grant financial guarantees solely to 100% owned subsidiary companies. Exposure to credit risk The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure, which as of the reporting date is as follows: Cash and cash equivalents Investments in securities at fair value $ through profit or loss Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Investments in life insurance Accounts receivable net of guarantees received Derivative financial instruments $ c) Liquidity risk December 31, 2021 2020 19,136,443 17,286,374 18,662,765 2019 10,841 1,018,322 186,284 1,559,823 74,148 937,715 71,431 315,761 65,545 2,717,920 2,646,450 69,862 2,046,754 18,098 - 23,497,567 22,031,762 21,295,207 Liquidity risk is defined as the potential loss stemming from the impossibility to renew liabilities or enter into other liabilities under normal terms, the early or forced sale of assets or the need to grant unusual discounts in order to meet obligations, or by the fact that a position cannot be disposed of, acquired or covered promptly through the establishment of an equivalent contrary position. Liquidity risk management process considers the management of the assets and liabilities included in the consolidated statements of financial position (Assets Liabilities Management - ALM) in order to anticipate funding difficulties because of extreme events. Monitoring The risk management and financial planning areas of the Company, measure, monitor and report to the Risk Committee liquidity risks associated with the ALM and prepare limits for the authorization, implementation and operation thereof, as well as contingent action measures in case of liquidity requirements. 43 Liquidity risk caused by differences between current and projected cash flows at different dates are measured and monitored, considering all asset and liability positions of the Company denominated in local and foreign currency. Similarly, funding diversification and sources to which the Company has access are evaluated. The Company quantifies the potential loss arising from early or forced sale of assets or sale at unusual discounts to meet its obligations in a timely manner, as well as by the fact that a position cannot be disposed of, acquired or covered timely through the establishment of a contrary equivalent position. Liquidity risk monitoring considers a liquidity gap analysis, scenarios for lack of liquidity and use of alternative sources of financing. Below are the contractual maturities of the financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments. As of the date of the consolidated financial statements, there are no financial instruments which have been offset or recognized positions that are subject to offsetting rights. Maturity table Trade payables, sundry creditors and expenses payable Due to related parties Lease liabilities Financial debt, maturities at variable rates In pesos Interest Total financial liabilities Trade payables, sundry creditors and expenses payable Due to related parties Derivative financial instruments Lease liabilities Financial debt, maturities at variable rates In U.S. dollars In pesos Interest Total financial liabilities December 31, 2021 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years Less than 1 year 8,977,051 185,429 279,809 1,993,911 85,854 11,522,054 - - 324,630 - - 324,630 - - 47,041 - - 47,041 December 31, 2020 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years Less than 1 year 5,049,103 80,842 194,181 278,981 - - - 379,926 778,050 279,510 85,340 6,746,007 - 1,460,405 44,613 1,884,944 - - - 60,804 - - - 60,804 $ $ $ $ 44 Less than 1 year December 31, 2019 1 to 3 years 3 to 5 years Trade payables, sundry creditors and expenses payable Due to related parties Lease liabilities Financial debt, maturities at variable rates In U.S. dollars In pesos Interest Total financial liabilities $ $ 4,491,171 76,704 149,538 - - 598,040 2,831,191 609,208 134,535 8,292,347 - 1,488,208 207,643 2,293,891 - - 55,472 - - - 55,472 At least on a monthly basis, Management evaluates and advises the Board of Directors on its liquidity. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has evaluated that it has sufficient resources to meet its obligations in the short and long term; therefore, it does not consider having liquidity gaps in the future and it will not be necessary to sell assets to pay its debts at unusual discounts or at out-of-market prices. d) Market risk Market risk is defined as the potential loss arising from the portfolio of derivative financial instruments and investment in securities for changes in risk factors that affect the valuation of short or long positions. In this sense, the uncertainty of future losses resulting from changes in market conditions (interest rates, foreign currency, prices of commodities, among others), which directly affects movements in the price of both assets and liabilities, is detected. The Company measures, monitors and reports all financial instruments subject to market risk, using sensitivity measurement models to show the potential loss associated with movements in risk variables, according to different scenarios on rates, prices and types of change during the period. Monitoring Sensitivity analyses are prepared at least monthly and are compared with the limits established. Any excess identified is reported to the Risk Committee. Stress tests At least monthly, the Company conducts stress tests calculating the value of the portfolios and considering changes in risk factors observed in historical dates of financial stress. i. Commodities price risk With respect to risks related to commodities designated in a formal hedging relationship, the Company seeks protection against downward variations in the agreed-upon price of corn and/or sorghum with the producer, which may represent an opportunity cost as there are lower prices in the current market upon receiving the inventory, and to hedge the risk of a decline in prices between the receipt date and that of inventory consumption. 45 Purchases of corn and/or sorghum are formalized through an agreement denominated "Forward buy-sell agreement", which has the following characteristics: • Transaction date • Number of agreed-upon tons • Harvest, state and agricultural cycle from which the harvest originates • Price of product per ton, plus quality award or penalty Agricultural agreements that result in firm commitments are linked to two corn and/or sorghum agricultural cycles, and in contracting purchases, both contracting cycles and dates are itemized as follows: • Fall-winter Cycle - The registration window period is at the discretion of the Mexican Food Safety (SEGALMEX, for its Spanish acronym) formerly Agency of Services for Distribution and Development of Agricultural Markets (ASERCA, for its Spanish acronym), which is usually between December and March, while the fall-winter cycle harvest period takes place during May, June and July. However, corn and/or sorghum harvest could lengthen up to one month or several months, depending on the weather conditions, such as drought and frost. • Spring-summer Cycle - The registration window period is at the discretion of SEGALMEX; the spring-summer cycle usually takes place during the July and August and the harvest depends on each state of the country and is highly variable. During 2021 and 2020 the Company did not participate in any program. As of December 31, 2019 the Company participated in the ASERCA program as buyer of the corn and / or sorghum crops, for which the Company had to prove that a risk management instrument was maintained against market price fluctuations, based on the foregoing, the Company entered into “put” options with maturities in March 2020 , July, September and December 2021, 2020 and 2019, with companies listed on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. As of December 2019, the gain on valuation was $574 (30 thousand dollars). As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not receive any subsidy. During 2019 there is a subsidy of $50,730 by ASERCA for the purchase of hedging "puts" to the consumer. The Company participated in the "Agriculture by Contract" program with ASERCA, where contracts for the purchase of "put" options are registered with companies listed on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the benefit of this program is the recovery of the breach of Call hedge purchased, in turn, by the producer with ASERCA. The benefit under this scheme benefit as of December 31, 2019 was $1,802. During 2021 and 2020, no benefits have been realized under this scheme. With respect to the risk in commodities that are not designated in a formal hedging relationship and to which the Company is exposed, sensitivity tests on corn and sorghum futures agreements are performed, considering different (bullish and bearish) scenarios. The results of these sensitivity analyses are presented in paragraph g) of this note. ii. Chicken price risk The Company is exposed to financial risks mainly related to changes in the price of chicken. The Company presently does not anticipate that the price of chicken will decrease to a level that represents a risk to the Company in the future; therefore, as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, it has not entered into any derivative financial instrument or other agreement for managing the risk related to a decrease in the chicken price. 46 The Company reviews chicken prices frequently in order to evaluate the need of having a financial instrument to manage the risk of price increases. iii. Exchange risk The Company is exposed to the effects of exchange rate volatility, mainly in relation to Mexican pesos/dollars exchange rates on the Company’s assets and liabilities, including: investments in securities and derivative financial instruments hedging commodities, which are denominated in a currency other than the Company’s functional currency. In this regard, the Company has implemented a sensitivity analysis to measure the effects that currency risk may have over the assets and liabilities described. The Company protects itself from exchange rate risk through economic hedging with derivative financial instruments, which cover a percentage of its estimated exposure to exchange rate volatility in relation to projected sale and purchase transactions. All instruments entered into as economic hedges of foreign exchange risk have maturities of less than one year from the contract date. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company entered into derivative financial instrument positions as economic hedges to mitigate exchange rate risks. iv. Foreign currency position The Company has financial instrument assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency on which there is an exposure to currency risk. Below is the foreign currency position that the Company has as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. 2021 December 31, 2020 2019 Dollars Mexican Pesos Dollars Mexican Pesos Dollars Mexican Pesos 447,316 9,174,451 479,325 9,562,534 569,569 10,759,165 19,318 396,212 40,424 806,459 4,576 86,447 76,168 3,572 1,562,206 73,268 546,374 11,206,137 47,003 2,683 569,435 937,715 53,517 11,360,225 16,716 2,160 315,761 40,809 593,021 11,202,182 - (277,467) (5,690,856) (107,224) (39,000) - (6,558) (161,088) (285,321) (5,851,944) (152,782) 416,653 5,354,193 261,053 (7,854) (2,139,115) (120,699) (2,280,003) (778,050) (149,878) (2,831,191) (144,224) (7,635) (130,828) (3,047,993) (278,212) (5,255,418) 5,946,764 8,312,232 314,809 Assets Cash and cash equivalents $ Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Accounts receivable Total assets Liabilities Trade accounts payable Financial debt Lease liabilities Total Liabilities Net asset position $ 47 The Company performs a sensitivity analysis related to the potential effects of changes in exchange rates on its financial information. These results are shown in paragraph g) of this note. This analysis represents the scenarios that Management considers reasonably possible of occurring. The following is a detail of exchange rates effective during the fiscal year: Average exchange rate Dollars $ 2021 20.29 2020 21.49 2019 19.25 Spot exchange rate at December 31, 2020 19.95 2019 18.89 2021 20.51 The exchange rate at the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements is $20.30. v. Interest rate risk The Company is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates for certain financial instruments, such as its investments in financial instruments, bank loans and debt securities. This risk is managed taking into account market conditions and the criteria of its Risk Committee and Board of Directors. Interest rate fluctuations impacted mainly bank loans by changing either their fair value (fixed rate debt) or the future cash flows (variable rate debt). Management does not have a formal policy to determine how much of the Company's exposure to interest rates should be at fixed or variable. However, at the time of obtaining new loans, Management uses its judgment considering technical analyses and market forecasts to decide whether fixed or variable rate instruments would be more favorable during the terms of such instruments. To monitor this risk, the Company performs sensitivity tests at least monthly to measure the effect of the change in interest rates in the instruments described in the preceding paragraph, which are summarized in subsection g) of this note. e) Financial instruments at fair value The amounts of accounts payable and accounts receivable approximate their fair value because of their nature and short-term maturities. The table below summarizes the fair value of the financial instruments that are recognized at amortized cost, together with the carrying amount included in the consolidated statements of financial position: Liabilities recorded at amortized cost Financial debt Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value Carrying amount Fair value 2020 $ 1,993,911 1,994,423 2,517,965 2,550,758 4,928,607 4,952,445 2019 2021 48 f) Fair value hierarchy The fair value of financial assets and liabilities is determined as follows: • The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities that have standard terms and conditions and are traded in active liquid markets, which are determined by reference to quoted market prices (market approach), therefore, these instruments are considered Level 1 hierarchy according to the classification of fair value hierarchy described in note 2 b). • The fair value of derivative financial instruments of the Company (commodities) is determined based on the future prices of the Chicago Stock Exchange, so these instruments are considered Level 2 hierarchy. The following table summarizes financial instruments carried at fair value: Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total As of December 31, 2021 Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss $ 10,841 - Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Derivative financial instruments 1,559,823 - $ 1,570,664 - 69,862 69,862 - - - - 10,841 1,559,823 69,862 1,640,526 As of December 31, 2020 Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Derivative financial instruments Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ 1,018,322 937,715 - $ 1,956,037 - - (194,181) (194,181) - - - - 1,018,322 937,715 (194,181) 1,761,856 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total As of December 31, 2019 Investment in securities at fair value through profit or loss $ 186,284 - Investment in securities at fair value through other comprehensive income Derivative financial instruments 315,761 - 502,045 $ - 18,098 18,098 - - - - 186,284 315,761 18,098 520,143 Information regarding the hierarchy of fair value measurements related to financial liabilities that are not recognized at fair value, but for which disclosures are required, is summarized below: As of December 31, 2021 Financial debt - bank institutions Financial debt – debt securities Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ - (1,494,177) $ (1,494,177) (500,246) - (500,246) - - - (500,246) (1,494,177) (1,994,423) As of December 31, 2020 Financial debt - bank institutions Financial debt – debt securities As of December 31, 2019 Financial debt - bank institutions Financial debt – debt securities 49 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total $ - (1,491,458) $ (1,491,458) (1,059,300) - (1,059,300) - - - (1,059,300) (1,491,458) (2,550,758) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total - $ (1,496,635) $ (1,496,635) (3,455,810) - (3,455,810) - - - (3,455,810) (1,496,635) (4,952,445) g) Quantitative sensitivity measurements The following are sensitivity analysis for the most significant risks to which the Company is exposed as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019. These analyses represent the scenarios that Management believes are reasonably possible of occurring in future periods and were evaluated in accordance with the policies of the Company’s Risk Committee. i. Derivative Financial Instruments related to exchange rate and commodities risks As of December 31, 2021, the Company has taken positions on derivative financial instruments to hedge exchange rate risks and commodities. A 15% increase in the Mexican peso with respect to the U.S. dollar as of the end of 2021, 2020 and 2019 would have resulted in a valuation gain of $34,443, $506,705 and $16,824 on the fair value of the Company’s exchange rate derivative financial instruments position. On the other hand, a decrease of 15% in the aforementioned rate would have resulted in an additional valuation loss during the respective periods of $34,698, $1,405,538 and $31,133. The following table shows the Company’s sensitivity to an increase and decrease of 15% for 2021, 2020 and 2019 in the “bushel” price of corn and short ton price of soybeans. Effect of Increase Effect of Decrease 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Loss (profit) for the year $ (37,847) (87,711) (121,762) $ 20,919 (12,530) 100,490 ii. Interest rate risk As described in Note 18, the Company has financial debt denominated in pesos and dollars, which bear interest at variable rates based on TIIE and LIBOR, respectively. The following table shows the Company’s sensitivity to an increase and decrease of 50 basis points for 2021, 2020 and 2019, in the variable rates to which the Company is exposed. Effect of Increase Effect of Decrease 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Loss (profit) for the year $ 8,291 13,390 24,465 $ (8,291) (13,390) (24,465) 50 iii. Exchange risk As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company's net monetary liability position in foreign currency was $5,354,193, $8,312,232 and $5,946,764, respectively. The following table shows the Company’s sensitivity of an increase and decrease of 30% for 2021, 2020 and 2019, in exchange rate, which would have an effect in the result from foreign currency position. Effect of Increase Effect of Decrease 2021 2020 2019 2021 2020 2019 Loss (profit) for the year $ (1,606,255) (2,493,673) (1,784,045) $ 1,606,255 2,493,673 1,784,045 (9) Accounts receivable, net As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, accounts receivable are as follows: Trade receivables Allowance for doubtful accounts Income tax receivable Recoverable value-added tax and other recoverable taxes $ $ 2021 3,162,920 (60,717) 121,315 December 31, 2020 2,772,418 (68,360) 190,110 2019 2,595,978 (72,886) 187,912 1,884,649 5,108,167 1,471,851 4,366,019 1,156,106 3,867,110 Past-due but not impaired portfolio Below is a classification of trade accounts receivable according to their aging as of the reporting date, which has not been subject to impairment: Past due at 60 days Past due by more than 60 days 2021 8,079 8,443 16,522 December 31, 2020 18,811 98,054 116,865 $ 2019 20,463 47,573 68,036 The Company believes that non-impaired amounts that are past-due by more than 60 days can still be collected, based on the historical behavior of payments and analysis of credit ratings of customers. Reconciliation of movements in allowance for doubtful accounts Balance as of January 1 Increase in allowance Amounts written off Currency translation effect $ Balance as of December 31, $ 2021 (68,360) (706) 8,436 (87) (60,717) 2020 (72,886) (1,826) 6,458 (106) (68,360) 2019 (79,937) (57) 7,030 78 (72,886) 51 As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company has receivables in legal proceedings (receivables for which legal counsel is seeking recoverability) of $157,012, $143,278 and $140,304, respectively. To determine the recoverability of an account receivable, the Company considers any change in the credit quality of the account receivable from the date of authorization of the credit line to the end of the reference period. In addition, the Company estimates that the credit risk concentration is limited as the customer base is very large and there are no related party receivables or receivables from entities under common control. Expected credit losses The Company recognizes expected credit losses for life for trade accounts receivable, which are estimated using a provision matrix based on the Company's historical experience of credit losses, adjusted for factors that are specific each of the Company’s customer and debtor groups, general economic conditions and an assessment of both the current and forecast conditions at the reporting date, including the time value of money when appropriate. During 2017 the estimated credit losses were based on the incurred loss model. The expected credit losses for 2021, 2020 and 2019 in trade accounts receivable under IFRS 9 were estimated at $37,249, $25,962 and $50,753, considering the balances of the portfolio and the different customer groups of the Company. The Company decided to maintain its previously recorded estimated reserve for doubtful accounts for its subsidiaries, according to balances shown in the reconciliation of movements in the estimate of doubtful accounts shown above, although such amounts were higher than the expected credit losses in 2021, 2020 and 2019, as described in the previous paragraph. (10) Inventories As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, inventories are as follows: Raw materials and by-products Medicine, materials and spare parts Balanced feed Processed chicken Commercial eggs Processed beef Processed turkey Other processed products Total $ $ 2021 2,775,890 1,344,944 467,359 1,552,946 63,764 167,582 1,620 1,885 6,375,990 December 31, 2020 2,410,275 1,110,559 380,121 1,575,985 55,364 151,402 2,472 2,160 5,688,338 2019 1,836,783 877,837 330,238 1,554,115 56,599 47,954 4,482 2,199 4,710,207 Inventory consumption for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $54,103,917, $44,747,933 and $39,823,395, respectively (note 23). The adjustment to the net realizable value of certain inventories during 2021, 2020 and 2019 was for $39,975, $57,074 and $35,328, respectively. 52 (11) Biological assets For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, biological assets are as follows: $ Balance as of January 1, 2021 Increase due to purchases Sales Net increase due to births Production cost Depreciation Transfers to inventories Other Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ $ Balance as of January 1, 2020 Increase due to purchases Sales Net increase due to births Production cost Depreciation Transfers to inventories Other Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ $ Balance as of January 1, 2019 Increase due to purchases Sales Net increase due to births Production cost Depreciation Transfers to inventories Other Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ Current biological assets 2,012,668 429,551 - 377,449 42,518,242 - (42,628,413) 60,115 2,769,612 Current biological assets 2,043,234 686,756 - 264,386 35,585,551 - (36,786,599) 219,340 2,012,668 Current biological assets 2,073,526 510,403 - 267,773 32,894,675 - (33,651,137) (52,003) 2,043,237 Non-current biological assets 1,991,530 840,112 (46,866) 3,083,747 2,335,691 (2,784,562) (3,083,747) 22,232 2,358,137 Non-current biological assets 1,818,911 797,039 20,966 2,507,769 1,877,418 (2,565,283) (2,507,769) 42,479 1,991,530 Non-current biological assets 1,721,728 701,764 (73,409) 2,378,419 1,761,456 (2,262,245) (2,378,419) (30,383) 1,818,911 Total 4,004,198 1,269,663 (46,866) 3,461,196 44,853,933 (2,784,562) (45,712,160) 82,347 5,127,749 Total 3,862,145 1,483,795 20,966 2,772,155 37,462,969 (2,565,283) (39,294,368) 261,829 4,000,198 Total 3,795,254 1,212,167 (73,409) 2,646,192 34,656,131 (2,262,245) (36,029,556) (82,386) 3,862,148 The “Other” category includes the change in fair value of biological assets that resulted in a decrease of $48,338 and $31,701 in 2021 and 2020, and increase of $35,487 in 2019. 53 The Company is exposed to different risks relating to its biological assets: • • • • • Future excesses in the offer of poultry products and a decline in the demand growth of the chicken industry may negatively affect the Company’s results. Increases in raw material prices and price volatility may negatively affect the Company’s margins and results. In addition, in the case of the Company’s operations in the United States of America, the cost of corn and grain may be affected by an increase in the demand for ethanol, which may reduce the market’s available corn inventory. Operations in Mexico and the United States of America are based on animal breeding and meat processing, which are subject to sanitary risks and natural disasters. Hurricanes and other adverse climate conditions may result in additional inventory losses and damage to the Company’s facilities and equipment. (12) Prepaid expenses and other current assets As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, prepaid expenses and other current assets are as follows: Advances to suppliers of inventories Prepaid expenses for services Prepaid expenses for insurance and sureties Other current assets Total 2021 2,163,450 264,208 95,441 234,024 2,757,123 $ $ December 31, 2020 613,188 303,345 2019 628,286 280,950 74,565 230,157 1,221,255 128,178 189,782 1,227,196 (13) Assets held for sale As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, assets held for sale are as follows: Buildings Land Other Total 2021 24,786 31,793 857 57,436 $ $ December 31, 2020 24,208 29,563 859 54,630 2019 22,394 29,563 959 52,916 The Company recognized gains (losses) on sales of these assets of ($31), $510 and $2,311 during 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. 54 (14) Property, plant and equipment As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, property, plant and equipment are comprised as follows: Cost Land Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Leasehold improvements Construction in progress Total Accumulated depreciation Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Total Cost Land Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Leasehold improvements Construction in progress Total Accumulated depreciation Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Total $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ Balance as of January 1, 2021 1,655,428 12,821,193 17,116,908 2,445,634 151,117 205,933 8,037 1,675,894 36,080,144 Additions Disposals 21,342 626,606 1,528,891 399,687 11,345 17,162 - 874,460 3,479,493 - (3,039) (274,090) (175,643) (1,078) (9,728) (703) - (464,281) Currency translation effect 2,632 48,859 86,276 1,021 1,636 355 - 2,235 143,014 Balance as of December 31, 2021 1,679,402 13,493,619 18,457,985 2,670,699 163,020 213,722 7,334 2,552,589 39,238,370 Balance as of January 1 2021 (5,836,750) (9,267,337) (965,535) (130,187) (146,513) (16,346,322) Depreciation for the year Disposals (262,839) (923,114) (183,530) (11,532) (12,082) (1,393,097) 2,360 204,221 121,112 977 9,092 337,762 Currency translation effect (12,611) (58,202) (762) (1,433) (303) (73,311) Balance as of December 31, 2021 (6,109,840) (10,044,432) (1,028,715) (142,175) (149,806) (17,474,968) Balance as of January 1, 2020 1,553,499 12,340,405 15,866,952 2,111,999 134,481 190,289 3,598 1,459,922 33,661,145 Additions Disposals 102,847 686,270 1,240,779 462,344 13,784 21,325 4,439 220,493 2,752,281 (5,900) (297,490) (145,320) (130,089) (244) (6,463) - - (585,506) Currency translation effect 4,982 92,008 154,497 1,380 3,096 782 - (4,521) 252,224 Balance as of December 31, 2020 1,655,428 12,821,193 17,116,908 2,445,634 151,117 205,933 8,037 1,675,894 36,080,144 Balance as of January 1 2020 (5,750,971) (8,253,772) (856,429) (107,016) (136,311) (15,104,499) Depreciation for the year Disposals (299,865) (1,048,758) (204,384) (21,721) (15,575) (1,590,303) 229,718 96,589 96,553 160 5,863 428,883 Currency translation effect (15,632) (61,396) (1,275) (1,610) (490) (80,403) Balance as of December 31, 2020 (5,836,750) (9,267,337) (965,535) (130,187) (146,513) (16,346,322) 55 Cost Land Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Leasehold improvements Construction in progress Total Accumulated depreciation Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Total $ $ $ $ Balance as of January 1, 2019 1,378,090 11,943,476 15,182,044 1,792,273 136,183 178,455 4,350 1,501,697 32,116,568 Additions Disposals 209,752 472,095 891,008 474,960 3,828 17,684 - - 2,069,327 (30,677) (7,478) (92,623) (154,116) (3,257) (5,295) (752) (38,065) (332,263) Currency translation effect (3,666) (67,688) (113,477) (1,118) (2,273) (555) - (3,710) (192,487) Balance as of December 31, 2019 1,553,499 12,340,405 15,866,952 2,111,999 134,481 190,289 3,598 1,459,922 33,661,145 Balance as of January 1 2019 (5,536,825) (7,505,222) (829,664) (98,034) (128,647) (14,098,392) Depreciation for the year Disposals (230,450) (874,447) (134,708) (13,635) (12,151) (1,265,391) 2,199 65,136 106,955 3,145 4,109 181,544 Currency translation effect 14,105 60,761 988 1,508 378 77,740 Balance as of December 31, 2019 (5,750,971) (8,253,772) (856,429) (107,016) (136,311) (15,104,499) Carrying amounts, net 2021 Land Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Leasehold improvements Construction in progress Total $ $ 1,679,402 7,383,779 8,413,553 1,641,984 20,845 63,916 7,334 2,552,589 21,763,402 December 31, 2020 1,655,428 6,984,443 7,849,571 1,480,099 20,930 59,420 8,037 1,675,894 19,733,822 2019 1,553,499 6,589,434 7,613,180 1,255,570 27,465 53,978 3,598 1,459,922 18,556,646 Additions of property, plant and equipment in 2020 include assets acquired through business combinations of $383,680 that consist of the following: Land Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Furniture Construction in progress Total $ $ 62,050 231,264 73,332 4,825 1,761 1,115 9,333 383,680 Depreciation expense during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $1,393,097, $1,590,303 and $1,265,391, respectively, which was charged to cost of sales and operating expenses, see note 23. 56 (15) Goodwill Balances at beginning of the year Foreign currency effects Balances at end of year 2021 $ 1,650,716 37,891 $ 1,688,607 2020 1,578,994 71,722 1,650,716 2019 1,631,771 (52,777) 1,578,994 The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is determined based on a calculation of its value in use, which uses projections of the estimated cash flows based on financial budgets approved by Management for a determined projection period, which are discounted using an annual discount rate. Projections of the cash flows during the budgeted period are based on sales projections which include increases due to inflation, as well as the projection of expected gross margins and operating margins during the budgeted period. Cash flows that exceed such period are extrapolated using an annual stable growth rate, which is the long-term weighted average growth rate for the market in which the cash-generating unit operates. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020, and 2019, no goodwill impairment loss was determined. The assumptions and balances of each cash-generating unit are as follows: Cash-generating unit Bachoco - Istmo and Peninsula regions Campi Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery, Inc. Arkansas Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery Inc. Georgia Ok Foods- Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. Cash-generating unit Bachoco - Istmo and Peninsula regions Campi Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery, Inc. Arkansas Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery Inc. Georgia Ok Foods- Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. 2021 Final balance of the year Projection period (years) 212,833 88,015 68,019 114,851 1,204,889 1,688,607 5 5 5 5 5 2020 Final balance of the year Projection period (years) 212,833 88,015 66,162 111,715 1,171,991 1,650,716 5 5 5 5 5 $ $ $ $ Annual discount rate (%) 12.63% 12.63% 3.26% 3.26% 10.00% Annual growth rate (%) 3.00% 3.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.40% Annual discount rate (%) 12.95% 12.95% 3.43% 3.43% 3.43% Annual growth rate (%) 3.00% 3.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Cash-generating unit Bachoco - Istmo and Peninsula regions Campi Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery, Inc. Arkansas Ok Farms - Morris Hatchery Inc. Georgia Ok Foods- Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. 57 2019 Final balance of the year Projection period (years) $ $ 212,833 88,015 62,647 105,780 1,109,719 1,578,994 5 5 5 5 5 Annual discount rate (%) 12.84% 12.84% 5.22% 5.22% 5.22% Annual growth rate (%) 3.00% 3.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% As of December 31, 2021, the percentage by which the recoverable amount of each cash- generating unit exceeds its carrying amount is shown below: Cash-generating unit % Bachoco - Istmo and Peninsula regions Campi Ok Farms- Morris Hatchery Inc. Arkansas Ok Farms- Morris Hatchery Inc. Georgia Ok Foods- Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. 49% 130% 183% 60% 4% Management considers that any possible reasonable change in the key assumptions (revenue growth rate and annual discount rate), on which the recoverable amount is based, would not cause the carrying amount of the cash-generating units to be less than their recoverable amount. The Company performed a sensitivity analysis considering a decrease in the revenue growth rate of 200 basis points and an increase of 200 basis points in the annual discount rate, as a result of this analysis, the Company concluded that for all cash-generating units there is no impairment to recognize, except Ok Foods-Albertville Quality Foods, Inc. which would have an impairment. (16) Intangible assets The balances as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 for $704,374, $753,224 and $772,640 are mainly comprised of trade names and customer relationships derived from the purchase through its subsidiary OK Foods, Inc. Customer relationships are generally amortized over 15 years based on the pattern of revenue expected to be generated from the use of the asset. Indefinite life intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair value and are not amortized, but they are reviewed for impairment at least annually or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. During 2021, an impairment of $5,459 was determined in one of the commercial brands due to the decrease in sales. During 2019 the Company ended a relationship with clients for which an intangible asset was recognized. The Company does not expect to do future business with those clients resulting in an impairment in intangible assets from customer relationships of $73,733, which was charged to the results of the fiscal year as other expenses. 58 a) Intangible assets consist of the following: 2021 2020 2019 Amortizable intangible assets Customer relationships Accumulated amortization Impairment loss Total net amortizable intangible assets Trade names not subject to amortization Impairment loss Total intangible assets $ $ 968,012 (290,404) - 677,608 32,225 (5,459) 704,374 941,582 (219,702) - 721,880 31,344 - 753,224 891,553 (74,859) (73,733) 742,961 29,679 . 772,640 b) Reconciliation between the carrying amounts at the beginning and at the end of the intangible assets Carrying amounts Balance as of January 1, 2021 $ Additions Impairment loss Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2021 Accumulated amortization Balance as of January 1, 2021 Additions Amortization expense Balance as of December 31, 2021 Total intangible assets $ Customer relationships Trade names not subject to amortization Total 941,582 - - 26,430 31,344 - (5,459) 881 972,926 - (5,459) 27,311 968,012 26,766 994,778 (219,702) - (70,702) (290,404) 677,608 - - - (219,702) - (70,702) - 26,766 (290,404) 704,374 59 Customer relationships Trade names not subject to amortization Total Carrying amounts Balance as of January 1, 2020 $ Additions Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2020 Accumulated amortization Balance as of January 1, 2020 Additions Amortization expense Balance as of December 31, 2020 Total intangible assets $ 817,820 - 123,762 29,679 - 1,665 847,499 - 125,427 941,582 31,344 972,926 (74,859) - (144,843) (219,702) 721,880 - - - - 31,344 (74,859) - (144,843) (219,702) 753,224 Customer relationships Trade names not subject to amortization Total Carrying amounts Balance as of January 1, 2019 $ Additions Impairment loss Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2019 Accumulated amortization Balance as of January 1, 2019 Additions Amortization expense Balance as of December 31, 2019 Total intangible assets $ 1,014,361 - (73,733) (122,808) 30,905 - - (1,226) 1,045,266 - (73,733) (124,034) 817,820 29,679 847,499 (95,911) - 21,052 (74,859) 742,961 - - - - 29,679 (95,911) - 21,052 (74,859) 772,640 60 (17) Other non-current assets Other non-current assets consist of the following: Advances for purchase of property, plant and equipment Investments in life insurance (note 3 (l)) Security deposits Other long-term receivable Intangible assets in process Other Total non-current assets 2021 December 31, 2020 2019 $ $ 367,023 74,148 24,511 211,278 1,616 56,128 734,704 472,828 71,431 23,476 193,689 2,996 54,502 818,922 495,015 65,545 21,545 173,488 2,841 51,614 810,048 (18) Financial debt a) Short-term financial debt is as follows: Loan in the amount of 70,000 thousand dollars, maturing in January 2020, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.62 percentage points. $ Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in January 2020, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.50 percentage points. Loan in the amount of 80,000 thousand dollars, maturing in February 2020, at LIBOR6 (4) rate plus 0.35 percentage points. Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in February 2020, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1.05 percentage points. Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in May 2020, at TIIE (1) rate plus 1.05 percentage points. Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in June 2020, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.50 percentage points. Loan in the amount of 39,000 thousand dollars, maturing in January 2021, at LIBOR (3) rate plus 0.60 percentage points. Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in February 2021, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.90 percentage points. Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in December 2022, at TIIE (1) rate plus 0.29 percentage points. Total short-term debt $ 2021 December 31, 2020 2019 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,322,176 50,000 1,509,015 449,572 99,678 9,958 778,050 70,011 - - 500,081 500,081 - 848,061 - 3,440,399 The annual weighted average interest rate of short-term loans denominated in pesos for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 5.28%, 6.71% and 9.24%, respectively. The average interest rate for loans outstanding as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 5.68%, 5.50% and 8.77%, respectively. The annual weighted average interest rate of short-term loans denominated in dollars for the years 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 0.73%, 1.61% and 2.36%, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, there are no current short-term loans, the average interest rate for loans outstanding as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was 0.75%, 2.37%, respectively. 61 (1) (2) (3) (4) TIIE (for its acronym in Spanish) = Interbank Equilibrium Rate FIRA (for its acronym in Spanish) = Agriculture Trust Funds LIBOR= London Interbank Offered Rate LIBOR6= London InterBank Offered Rate (6 months) b) Long-term debt consists of the following: 2021 December 31, 2020 2019 Loan denominated in pesos, maturing in May 2021, at TIIE (1) plus 1.05 percentage points. Debt securities (subsection (d) of this note) Total Less current maturities $ - 1,493,830 1,493,830 (1,493,830) Long-term debt, excluding current maturities $ - 209,499 1,460,405 1,669,904 (209,499) 1,460,405 - 1,488,208 1,488,208 - 1,488,208 The annual weighted average interest rate on long-term debt for 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 4.90%, 6.49% and 8.53%, respectively. The average rate for outstanding loans as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 5.43%, 4.91% and 8.26%, respectively. (1) TIIE (for its acronym in Spanish) = Interbank Equilibrium Rate (2) FIRA (for its acronym in Spanish) = Trust Established in Relation to Agriculture During 2021 the Company did not make early payments on its long-term debt, during 2020 and 2019 the Company made early payments on its long-term debt of $17,877 and $51,000, payment of commissions for early termination was not required. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, unused lines of credit amounted to $9,935,420, $6,919,625 and $3,325,981, respectively. In all such years, the Company did not pay any fee for undrawn balances. The amount of future unearned interest is $56,280. Interest expense on total loans during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, amounted to $104,179, $159,169 and $250,820, respectively, (note 29). Certain bank loans establish certain affirmative and negative covenants, as well as the requirement to maintain certain financial ratios, which have been met as of December 31, 2021, among which are: a) Provide financial information at the request of the bank. b) Not to contract liabilities with financial cost or grant loans that may affect payment obligations. c) Notify the bank regarding the existence of legal issues that could substantially affect the financial situation of the Company. d) Not to perform substantial changes to the nature of the business, or in structure or Administration. 62 e) Not to merge, consolidate, separate, settle or dissolve except for those mergers in which the Company or surety are the merging company and do not constitute a change in control of the entities of the group to which the Company or the surety belong at the date of the agreement. c) Issuance of debt securities On August 25, 2017, a second issuance of debt securities was carried out for a total amount of $1,500,000 with ticker symbol: “BACHOCO 17” for a term of 1,820 days, equivalent to 65 periods of 28 days, approximately five years, with 15,000,000 debt securities and a par value of $100 pesos per certificate. From the date of issuance, and while the debt securities have not been paid, they will accrue annual gross interest on their face amount, at an annual interest rate, which is calculated by adding 0.31 percentage points at the 28-day TIIE, and in the event the 28-day TIIE is not published, at the nearest term published by the Bank of Mexico. The debt issue that expired in 2017 accrued a gross interest on its nominal value, at an annual interest rate, which was calculated by adding 0.60 percentage points to the 28-day TIIE. The payment of the debt securities is carried out at the expiration of the contractual term of each issuance. Direct costs arising from debt issuance or contract are deferred and paid as part of financial expense using the effective interest rate through the term of each transaction. Such costs include commissions and professional fees. (1) UDIS = Investment units Derived from the issuance of debt securities, the Company is subject to certain requirements, affirmative and negative covenants similar to those of its financial debt indicated above, with which they comply as of December 31, 2021. d) Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing debt Balance as of January 1 Changes that represent cash flows Proceeds from borrowings Principal payment on loans Changes that do not represent cash flows Other Balance as of December 31 2021 $ 2,517,965 December 31, 2020 4,928,607 2019 5,037,600 1,709,080 (2,267,280) 4,030,700 (6,762,222) 4,839,000 (4,808,163) 34,146 $ 1,993,911 320,880 2,517,965 (139,830) 4,928,607 63 (19) Trade accounts and other accounts payable Trade payables Sundry creditors and expenses payable Provisions Statutory employee profit sharing Retained payroll taxes and other local taxes Direct employee benefits Interest payable Others $ $ December 31, 2020 2021 8,122,486 854,565 74,146 291,744 359,379 311,367 1,436 133 10,015,256 4,516,424 532,679 24,099 62,075 375,086 232,083 10,575 116 5,753,137 2019 3,972,460 518,711 64,154 86,710 275,214 213,345 28,060 173 5,158,827 Note 8 discloses the Company’s exposure to the exchange and liquidity risks related to trade accounts payable and other accounts payable. In December 2009, the National Water Commission (CNA, for its Spanish acronym) imposed credits and fines to the Company for supposed infractions made by the Company in water administration for exploitation of livestock. The Company has recognized a provision for the amount that it expects to be probable to pay. During 2021 the Company the Company recognized a provision for the amount that it considers likely to disburse due to ongoing litigation with a high probability of unfavorable resolution. Bachoco USA, LLC. is involved in claims with the United States of America Department of Labor and the Unites State Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and various other matters related to its business, including workers’ payment claims and environmental issues. As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 the Company has not recorded any provision because the Administration considers that it is likely that there will be a favorable outcome of the litigation. (20) Transactions and balances with related parties a) Transactions with Management Compensation The following table shows the compensation paid to the directors and executives for services provided in their respective positions for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019: Compensation December 31, 2021 73,721 2020 57,429 $ 2019 52,635 64 b) Transactions with other related parties Below is a summary of the Company’s transactions and balances with other related parties, which are comprised of affiliates that are under common control: i.Revenues and balances receivable to related parties Sales of products to: Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. Frescopack, S.A. de C.V. Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de C.V. Alimentos Kowi, S.A. de C.V. Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. DE C.V. Transaction value December 31, 2020 2021 2019 Balance as of December 31, 2020 2021 $ 5,921 4,055 53 31 9,323 $ 58 42 284 400 - - 63 51 662 832 934 - 6,697 123,756 178,624 128,727 188,981 $ $ 7 286 337 291 - 686 12,494 13,674 - - - 2019 785 58 - ii.Expenses and balances payable to related parties Transaction value December 31, 2020 2021 2019 2021 Balance as of December 31, 2020 2019 Purchases of food, raw materials and packing supplies Vimifos, S.A. de C.V. Frescopack, S.A. de C.V. Pulmex 2000, S.A. de C.V. Qualyplast, S.A. de C.V. Alimentos Kowi, S.A. de C.V. Sonora Agropecuaria, S.A. de C.V. Granja, Rab S.A. de C.V. Fertilizantes Tepeyac, S.A. de C.V. EBIPAC S.A.P.I. de C.V. GASBO, S.A. de C.V. Purchases of vehicles, tires and spare parts Maquinaria Agrícola, S.A. de C.V. $ Llantas y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. Autos y Accesorios, S.A. de C.V. Autos y Tractores de Culiacán, S.A. de C.V. Camiones y Tractocamiones de Sonora, S.A. de C.V. Agencia MX-5, S.A de C.V. Alfonso R. Bours, S.A. de C.V. Cajeme Motors S.A. de C.V. Airplane leasing expenses Taxis Aéreos del Noroeste, S.A. de $ 440,379 103,778 17,870 6,971 - - 75,747 411,129 143,849 21,414 1,184 - 4,425 - 582,458 $ 148,210 20,667 244 907 3,374 - 41,219 65,542 5,609 - - - 3,187 58,836 9,554 2,407 251 - - - 399,480 41,001 3,583 - - - - - - - - - 42,601 40,194 42,554 48,129 38,947 10,776 32 412 267 - - - - 4,614 3,413 5 6,378 339 31,753 42,857 11,519 726 336 164,306 410 4,926 442 91,098 63 2,651 287 270,968 904 187 183 59,602 27 604 120 2,636 6 50 44 41,399 26,233 3,976 - - - - - - - 5 4,213 124 149 149 9 49 89 C.V. $ 1,435 - 24,971 55 $ 185,429 - 80,842 307 76,704 65 As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, balances payable to related parties correspond to current accounts denominated in pesos that bear no interest and are payable on a short-term basis. (21) Income Tax Under the tax legislation in Mexico and the United States of America in effect through December 31, 2021, entities are subject to pay income tax (ISR, by its Spanish acronym). a) ISR The Company and each of its subsidiaries file separate income tax returns (including its foreign subsidiary, which files income tax returns in the United States of America, based on its fiscal year ending in April of every year). For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the applicable rate under the general tax regime in Mexico is 30%. The applicable rate during 2021, 2020 and 2019 for the Company’s US subsidiary is 21% (plus state taxes). As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, BSACV, the Company’s primary operating subsidiary is subject to the agriculture, cattle-raising, forestry and fishing regime of the ISR law, which is applicable to entities exclusively dedicated to such activities. The ISR Law establishes that such activities are exclusive when no more than 10% of an entity’s total revenues are generated from something other than those activities or from industrialized products. b) Tax charged to profit and loss For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the income tax (benefit) expense included in profit and loss is as follows: Operation in Mexico: Current ISR Deferred ISR Foreign operations: Current ISR Deferred ISR Total ISR expense 2021 1,790,621 257,020 2,047,641 - (240,003) 1,807,638 December 31 2020 1,321,021 341,131 1,662,152 33 (450,574) 1,211,611 $ $ 2019 1,066,160 324,415 1,390,575 (1,859) (263,738) 1,124,978 66 Total income tax expense The income tax expense attributable to income before income taxes differed from the amount computed by applying the ISR rate of 30% in 2021, 2020 and 2019 due to the items listed below: | 2021 Percentage ISR December 31, 2020 Percentage ISR ISR $ 2,022,521 30% $ 1,555,111 30% $ 1,292,925 2019 Percentage 30% (379,311) (6%) (196,379) (4%) (168,822) (4%) Expected expense Increase (decrease) resulting from: Net effects of inflation (Non-taxable income) Non-deductible expenses Effect of rate difference of foreign subsidiary Effect from non- deductible employee benefits Effect of tax incentive Effect of carryback tax losses in the United States of America (1) Bargain purchase gain of domestic business acquisition Other 0% 1% 2% (1%) - - (2%) 26% 29,503 0% 7,641 0% 11,027 42,516 1% 20,907 0% 48,658 145,301 (54,523) 3% (1%) 115,496 (69,920) 2% (1%) 70,202 (60,861) - 1,631 Income tax expense $ 1,807,638 - - - (190,144) (4%) - (27,267) (3,834) 27% $ 1,211,611 0% - (0%) (0%) (68,151) 23% $ 1,124,978 (1) On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act was enacted. The most significant provisions of the CARES Act that will materially affect the Company’s accounting for income taxes includes a five-year carryback allowance for taxable net operating losses generated in tax year 2018 through 2020 and a technical correction to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, enacted on December 22, 2017, that disallowed the carrying back of taxable net operating losses to offset prior years’ taxable income. The deadline to request this refund is October 2022, it is expected that the Company will request it before that date. c) Deferred income tax The Company and each one of its subsidiaries determine the deferred taxes that are reflected at a consolidated level on stand-alone basis. BSACV, the main operating subsidiary of the Company, is subject to tax payment under the agriculture, cattle-raising, forestry and fishing regime, in which the tax base for ISR is determined on collected revenues minus paid deductions. The tax effects of temporary differences, tax losses and tax credits that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are detailed below: 67 2021 December 31, 2020 33,873 31,692 2,476 917,737 - - 60,946 45,386 17 1,092,127 218,204 469,946 860 9,865 178,356 - 1,157 878,388 213,739 2,207 199,087 16,690 60,354 - 1,696 648 - - 280,682 - - - - 2,872 7,655 8,221 18,748 261,934 2019 2,481 164,019 26,020 56,163 616 1,113 - - - 250,412 - - 4,593 - - 547 - 5,140 245,272 December 31, 2021 2020 2019 1,948,897 201,835 85,053 31,993 62,503 2,330,281 2,053,059 593,754 2,558,209 952,322 - - 1,282 13,130 6,171,756 3,841,475 1,090,676 - 1,037 606,935 144,861 1,843,509 1,097,422 - - 271,772 63,314 1,432,508 1,820,929 497,655 2,915,222 286,844 5,147 188,919 - 3,773 5,718,489 3,874,980 1,696,300 445,198 2,667,824 332,392 584 190,900 - 3,803 5,337,001 3,904,493 Deferred tax assets Accounts payable Employee benefits PTU payable Tax loss carryforwards Inventories Property, plant and equipment Other provisions Tax incentives to be credited in the United States of America Other items Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Inventories Property, plant and equipment Prepaid expenses Goodwill Intangible assets Other provisions Derivative financial instruments Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax assets Deferred tax assets Accounts payable Employee benefits PTU payable Tax loss carryforwards Other provisions Total deferred tax assets Deferred tax liabilities Inventories Accounts receivable Property, plant and equipment Prepaid expenses Goodwill Intangible assets Other items Derivative financial instruments Total deferred tax liabilities Net deferred tax liability $ $ $ $ 68 d) Unrecognized deferred tax liabilities Deferred taxes related to investments in subsidiaries have not been recognized as the Company is able to control the moment of the reversal of the temporary difference, and the reversal is not expected to take place in the foreseeable future. Deferred income tax on investments in subsidiaries not recognized as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 amounts to $1,414,628, $1,802,451 and $1,919,720, respectively. The Company's policy has been to distribute accounting profits when the respective taxes have been paid and in the case of foreign profits, such tax may be duly credited in Mexico. e) Movement in temporary differences during the fiscal year Recognized in profit and loss Acquired or/ Recognized directly in equity Accounts payable Employee benefits PTU payable Tax loss carryforwards Other provisions Goodwill Intangible assets Inventories Accounts receivable Property, plant and equipment Prepaid expenses Derivative financial instruments Tax incentives to be credited in the United States of America Other items Net deferred tax liability $ January 1, 2021 (1,092,883) (199,087) (17,727) (667,289) (137,854) 5,147 188,919 1,820,929 497,655 2,913,526 289,716 11,994 - - $ 3,613,046 (889,150) (41,472) (69,802) (258,865) 19,020 4,293 (14,891) 443,845 96,099 105,961 663,466 2,293 (45,386) 1,606 17,017 January 1, 2020 Recognized in profit and loss $ (1,099,903) (164,060) (26,020) (327,935) - (62,767) 584 190,900 1,695,684 445,198 2,666,752 336,985 8,163 (35,027) 8,293 (314,628) 1,551 (74,804) 4,371 (12,248) 114,135 52,457 177,372 (47,269) Accounts payable Employee benefits PTU payable Tax loss carryforwards Interest carryforwards Other provisions Goodwill Intangible assets Inventories Accounts receivable Property, plant and equipment Prepaid expenses Derivative financial instruments Net deferred tax liability $ 3,803 3,659,221 8,191 (109,443) December 31, 2021 (1,982,770) (233,527) (87,529) (949,730) (123,449) 9,865 178,356 2,271,263 593,754 3,028,155 953,182 14,287 (45,386) 1,265 3,627,736 December 31, 2020 (1,092,883) (199,087) (17,727) (667,289) - (137,854) 5,147 188,919 1,820,929 497,655 2,913,526 289,716 11,994 3,613,046 (737) 7,032 - (23,576) (4,615) 425 4,328 6,489 8,668 - - - - (341) (2,327) Acquired or/ Recognized directly in equity (1,143) - - (24,726) (1,551) (283) 192 10,267 11,110 - 69,402 - - 63,268 69 Recognized in profit and loss Acquired or/ Recognized directly in equity Accounts payable Employee benefits PTU payable Tax loss carryforwards Other provisions Goodwill Intangible assets Inventories Accounts receivable Property, plant and equipment Prepaid expenses Derivative financial instruments $ January 1, 2019 (1,511,013) (53,398) (20,536) (59,883) (78,230) (3,879) 233,749 1,639,156 366,825 2,503,223 647,480 - Net deferred tax liability $ 3,663,494 f) Tax on assets and tax loss carryforwards 410,152 (197,728) (5,484) (273,479) 15,436 4,391 (34,220) 64,120 78,373 184,454 (310,495) 3,803 (60,677) December 31, 2019 (1,099,903) (164,019) (26,020) (327,935) (62,767) 584 190,900 1,695,684 445,198 2,666,711 336,985 958 87,107 - 5,427 27 72 (8,629) (7,592) - (20,966) - - 56,404 3,803 3,659,221 As of December 31, 2021, tax loss carryforwards expire as shown below. Amounts are indexed for inflation as permitted by Mexican income tax law: Amount as of December 31, 2021 Year of expiration / Year 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Tax loss carryforwards $ $ 57,372 204,879 1,285,521 1,584,611 1,050,678 4,183,061 maturity 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 (22) Employee benefits a) Employee benefits in Mexico Defined contribution plans The Company has a defined contribution plan which receives contributions from both the employees and the Company. Employees can make contributions from 1% to 5% of their wage and the Company is obligated to make contributions as follows: i) 20% of employee contributions for employees with 1 - 4.99 years of service, ii) 40% of employee contributions for employees with 5 – 9.99 years of service, and iii) 100% matching contributions for employees with 10 or more years of service or when the employee reaches 40 years of age, regardless of the years of service. 70 When an employee retires from the Company he/she has the right to receive the contribution he/she has made to the plan, and i) if the employee retires between the first and the 4.99 year of services, he/she does not have the right to receive the contribution made by the Company, ii) if he/she retires on the fifth year of services he/she has the right to receive 50% of the contributions made by the Company and, for each additional service year, the employee has the right to receive an additional 10% of the contributions made by the Company. During 2021, 2020 and 2019 there were not the expenses for paid contributions to defined contribution plans, other than those mandated by Mexican law. The Company makes payments equivalent to 2% of the integrated wage of its workers to the defined contribution plan for the retirement saving fund system established by Mexican law. The expense for this concept was $84,093, $72,121 and $66,134, in 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Defined benefits plan The Company has a defined benefit pension plan covering non-unionized personnel in Mexico. The benefits are based on the age, years of service and the employee’s payment. The retirement age is 65 years, with a minimum of 10 years of services, and there is an option for an anticipated retirement option, in certain circumstances, at 55 years of age. The Company’s policy to fund the pension plan is to make contributions up to the maximum amount that can be deducted for ISR. According to the Mexican Federal Labor Law, the Company is obligated to pay a seniority premium as a retirement benefit if an employee retires and has of least 15 years of services, which consists of a sole payment of 12 days for each worked year based on the last wage, limited to the two minimal wages established by law. The Company recognizes constructive obligations from past practices. Such constructive obligations are associated with service time the employee has worked for the Company. The payment of this benefit is disbursed in a single installment at the time the employee voluntarily stops working for the Company. As of 2021 this constructive obligation no longer exists, the accounting effect is recognized net in the result of the year. The plans in Mexico expose the Company to actuarial risks such as interest rate risk, longevity risk and salary risk: Interest risk Longevity risk Salary risk 71 A decrease in the interest rate for the governmental bonds will increase the plan’s liability. The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the best estimate of the mortality of plan participants both during and after their employment. An increase in the life expectancy of the plan participants will increase the plan’s liability. The present value of the defined benefit plan liability is calculated by reference to the future salaries of plan participants. As such, an increase in the salary of the plan participants will increase the plan’s liability. The projected net liability presented on the consolidated statements of financial position is as follows: Present value of unfunded obligations Present value of funded obligations Total present value of benefit obligations (“PBO”) Plan assets at fair value Projected liability, net i. Composition and return of plan assets 2021 656,252 121,643 December 31, 2020 592,294 163,651 $ 2019 487,810 148,392 777,895 (121,643) 656,252 $ 755,945 636,202 (163,651) (148,392) 487,810 592,294 Actual return of the plan assets 2021 2020 2019 Composition of the plan assets 2020 2019 2021 5.90% 11.28% 12.67% 58% 63% 62% 21.55% 9.47% 15.65% 42% 100% 37% 100% 38% 100% Fixed income securities Variable income securities Total ii. Movements in the present value of PBO PBO as of January 1 Benefits paid by the plan Service cost Interest cost Actuarial losses recognized in other comprehensive income Past service cost – plan amendments PBO as of December 31 2021 755,945 (27,743) 25,890 33,115 6,497 (15,809) 777,895 2020 636,202 (78,149) 38,987 53,343 2019 500,072 (54,932) 30,108 50,421 105,562 - 110,533 - 755,945 636,202 $ $ 72 iii. Movements in the fair value of plan assets Plan assets at fair value as of January 1 Transfer of assets to fund defined contribution benefit plan Benefits paid by the plan Expected return on plan assets Actuarial profits in other comprehensive income Fair value of plan assets as of December 31 $ iv. Expense recognized in profit and loss 2021 163,651 2020 148,392 $ - (56,287) 13,260 - - 13,678 1,019 121,643 1,581 163,651 2019 197,247 (39,079) (32,027) 19,615 2,636 148,392 Current service cost Interest cost, net 2021 2020 2019 $ $ 25,890 19,855 45,745 38,987 39,665 78,652 30,108 30,806 60,914 v. Actuarial gains and (losses) Amount accumulated as of January, 1 Recognized during the year Amount accumulated as of December, 31 $ $ 2021 (383,126) (5,478) 2020 (279,144) (103,982) 2019 (171,247) (107,897) (388,604) (383,126) (279,144) vi. Actuarial assumptions Primary actuarial assumptions at the consolidated financial statements date (expressed as weighted averages) are as follows. Discount rate as of December, 31 Rate for future salary increases Social security wage increase rate 2021 9.50% 4.50% 3.50% 2020 7.75% 4.50% 3.50% 2019 8.75% 4.50% 3.50% The assumptions related to mortality are based on statistics and experiences over the Mexican population. The average expected life of an individual that retires at 65 years of age is 17.13 years for men and 10.92 years for women (Experience Chart of Demographic Mortality for Active EMSSA 1997). 73 vii. Historical information Present value of defined benefit obligation Plan assets at fair value Plan deficit $ Experience adjustments arising from plan liabilities $ $ Experience adjustments arising from plan assets $ 2021 777,895 (121,643) 656,252 (6,497) 1,019 December 31, 2020 755,945 (163,651) 592,294 (105,562) 1,581 2019 636,202 (148,392) 487,810 (110,533) 2,636 viii.Sensitivity analysis of the defined benefits obligations as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 2021 Discount rate 9.50% Rate increase (+ 1%) Rate decrease (- 1%) 2020 Discount rate 7.75% Rate increase (+ 1%) Rate decrease (- 1%) 2019 Discount rate 8.75% Rate increase (+ 1%) Rate decrease (- 1%) Pension plan Seniority premium Constructive obligation Total PBO $ (551,682) $ (541,855) $ (561,819) (226,213) (222,957) (229,562) - - - (777,895) (764,812) (791,381) Pension plan Seniority premium Constructive obligation Total PBO $ (531,251) $ (511,884) $ (554,180) (203,282) (200,058) (206,605) (21,412) (21,209) (21,619) (755,945) (733,151) (782,404) Pension plan Seniority premium Constructive obligation Total PBO $ (442,133) $ (434,134) $ (450,391) (173,401) (170,812) (176,067) (20,668) (20,490) (20,852) (636,202) (625,436) (647,310) ix. Expected cash flows Total 2022-2031 $ 776,766 x. Future contributions to the defined benefits plan The Company does not expect to make contributions to the defined benefit plans in the following financial year. 74 b) Foreign employee benefits Defined contribution plans Bachoco USA, LLC. (foreign subsidiary) has a defined contribution retirement 401(k) plan, covering all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements. The Company contributes to the plan at the rate of 50% of employee’s contributions up to a maximum of 2% of the individual employee’s contribution. The cumulative contribution expense for this plan was $28,825, $16,418 and $14,919 for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Equity-based compensation Bachoco USA, LLC. has a deferred payment agreement with certain key employees. Amounts payable under this plan are vested after 10 years from the date of the agreement. The benefit value of each unit is equal to the increase in the initial book value from the date of the agreement to the conclusion of the vesting period. Under the agreement, 26,000 units were outstanding as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, all of which were fully vested. The total liability under this plan totaled $48,887, $44,994 and $32,874 as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The expense recognized for this plan for the year ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 was $2,505, $4,678 and $1,772, respectively. c) PTU Industrias Bachoco, S.A.B de C.V. has no employees. Each of the subsidiaries of the Company that has employees in Mexico is required under Mexican laws to pay employees, in addition to their payment and benefits, statutory employee profit sharing in an aggregate amount equal to 10% of each subsidiary’s taxable income. The accrued liability as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 is shown in note 19, Trade payable and other accounts payable. (23) Costs and expenses by nature Cost of sales General, selling and administrative expenses Inventory consumption Wages and salaries Freight Maintenance Other utility expenses Depreciation Depreciation of right-of-use assets Leases (1) Other Total 2021 68,356,654 2020 57,707,566 2019 51,557,351 7,127,780 75,484,434 6,420,397 64,127,963 6,116,620 57,673,971 54,103,917 9,735,452 5,428,050 2,340,899 1,800,952 1,393,097 343,367 156,612 182,088 75,484,434 44,747,933 8,507,124 5,037,768 2,006,848 1,402,459 1,590,303 307,757 119,592 408,179 64,127,963 39,823,395 7,561,229 5,047,007 1,715,820 1,595,993 1,265,391 302,804 96,825 265,507 57,673,971 $ $ $ $ (1) Leasing expense in 2021, 2020 and 2019 includes contracts classified as low value or those with terms less than twelve months. 75 (24) Leases a) As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the leased assets with recognized right of use are comprised as follows: Right-of-use assets Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Depreciation of right-of-use assets Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Total right- of-use assets $ $ Right-of-use assets Balance as of January 1, 2021 Additions Modifications and disposal Anticipated termination Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ 469,387 42,249 (3,949) 43,145 550,832 447,424 52,143 4,343 125,251 629,161 349,208 24,595 (1,818) 68,132 440,117 19,392 1,285,411 $ 3,603 122,590 (1,492) (2,916) (2,600) 233,928 18,903 1,639,013 Balance as of January 1, 2021 Depreciation for the year Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ (153,987) (114,957) (1,632) (270,576) (236,330) (121,266) (2,222) (359,818) (206,627) (102,245) (6,186) (315,058) (9,622) (4,899) (606,566) (343,367) 1,170 (8,870) 678,845 (13,351) (958,803) 680,210 Balance as of January 1, 2020 Additions Modifications and disposal Balance as of December 31, 2020 Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total $ $ 380,011 447,179 283,332 15,014 1,125,536 101,272 39,020 4,767 2,572 147,631 (11,896) (38,775) 61,109 1,806 12,244 469,387 447,424 349,208 19,392 1,285,411 76 Depreciation of right-of- use assets Buildings and construction $ Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Total right-of-use assets $ $ Balance as of January 1, 2020 Depreciation for the year Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2020 (97,736) (116,391) (84,120) (4,557) (302,804) 822,732 (58,148) (119,740) (126,211) (3,658) (307,757) 1,897 (199) 3,704 (1,407) 3,995 (153,987) (236,330) (206,627) (9,622) (606,566) 678,845 Right-of-use assets Balance as of January 1 Additions Buildings and construction $ Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total $ 320,528 370,410 219,132 12,340 922,410 59,483 76,769 64,200 2,674 203,126 Depreciation of right-of-use assets Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Total right-of-use assets Balance as of December 31, 2019 380,011 447,179 283,332 15,014 1,125,536 Balance as of December 31, 2019 $ $ $ (97,736) (116,391) (84,120) (4,557) (302,804) 822,732 b) The movements in liabilities for these lease contracts were as follows: Lease liabilities Balance as of January 1, 2021 Additions Modifications and disposals Anticipated termination Payment Interest paid Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2021 $ Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Current Lease liabilities Long term lease liabilities $ $ 310,014 42,249 (3,953) 77,022 (129,306) 15,414 (11,806) 299,634 238,650 52,143 4,359 105,831 (128,212) 11,779 (33,421) 251,129 162,392 24,595 (1,835) 20,287 (96,167) 4,415 (19,966) 93,721 8,655 719,711 3,603 122,590 - (1,429) 919 204,059 (5,302) (358,987) 240 31,848 (1,119) (66,312) 6,996 651,480 (278,981) - - - - - (828) (279,809) 440,730 122,590 (1,429) 204,059 (358,987) 31,848 (67,140) 371,671 77 Lease liabilities Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total Current Lease liabilities Long term lease liabilities Balance as of January 1, 2020 Additions Modifications and disposals Payment Interest paid Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2020 $ 280,277 101,272 31,213 (121,909) 17,903 1,258 310,014 308,710 39,020 (19,990) (143,240) 26,143 28,007 238,650 204,258 9,805 803,050 4,767 2,572 147,631 $ 57,473 1,560 70,256 (115,851) (5,710) (386,710) 9,228 365 53,639 2,517 63 31,845 162,392 8,655 719,711 (149,538) (123,276) - - - (6,167) (278,981) $ 653,512 24,355 70,256 (386,710) 53,639 25,678 440,730 Lease liabilities Buildings and construction Machinery and equipment Transportation equipment Computer equipment Total $ $ Current Lease liabilities Long term lease liabilities $ Balance as of January 1, 2019 Additions Payment Interest paid Currency translation effect Balance as of December 31, 2019 320,528 370,410 219,132 12,340 922,410 - - 59,297 (113,097) 63,662 (124,435) (82,381) 64,129 (5,294) 2,674 189,762 (325,207) - - - - 17,423 11,933 8,070 371 37,797 - - (3,874) (12,860) (4,692) (286) (21,712) - - 280,277 308,710 204,258 9,805 803,050 (149,538) 653,512 c) The detail of the maturity of the long-term lease liabilities is shown below: 2023 2024 2025 Subsequent $ $ 213,141 78,918 32,571 47,041 371,671 d) During 2021, 2020 and 2019, an amount of $37,996, $36,153 and $19,116 was charged as expense for rental contracts with a term of less than one year and $118,616, $83,439 and $77,709 for rental contracts with insignificant amounts, a total of $156,612, $119,592 and $96,825, respectively (note 23). (25) Stockholders’ equity and reserves a) Capital risk management An adequate capital risk management allows ongoing business continuity and the maximization of the return towards the Company’s investors, which is why the Company has taken actions that ensure the Company maintains an adequate balance of the funding sources that build its capital structure. Within its activities in risk management, the Company ensures that the ratio between financial debt and EBITDA of the last 12 months does not exceed 2.75 times and that the interest coverage ratio is at least 3 to 1. 78 During 2021, 2020 and 2019 these ratios were below the thresholds established by the Company’s Risk Committee. b) Common stock and premiums As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s capital stock is represented by 600,000,000 Series “B” registered shares with a par value of $1 peso per share. The Robinson Bours family owned 439,500,000 shares through two family trusts: the placement trust and the control trust, which collectively represented 73.25% of the Company’s total shares. The remaining 26.75% represents the floating position: Shareholding integration as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 Shares (1) Position 439,500,000 73.25% 312,000,000 52.00% 127,500,000 21.25% 160,500,000 26.75% Familiar Trusts - Control Trust - Placement Trust Floating Position (2) (1) All Series B shares with voting power. (2) Operating at the BMV and the NYSE. Based on the information provided to the Company, as of December 31, 2021, stockholders with 1% or more interest in the Company, in addition to the family trusts, are as follows: GBM Fondo de Inversión Total, S.A. de C.V. Norges Bank Investment Management (Norway) Renaissance Technologies LLC Tweedy, Browne Company LLC Shares 12,908,807 8,488,994 7,749,588 6,736,874 Position 2.15% 1.41% 1.29% 1.12% c) Other comprehensive income items i. Foreign currency translation reserve This concept is related to the translation of the Company’s U.S. operations from their functional currency (U.S. dollar) to the reporting currency, the Mexican peso. ii. Actuarial remeasurements Actuarial remeasurements are recognized as other components of comprehensive income and are related to variations in actuarial assumptions that generate actuarial gains or losses as well as adjust the actual yields from plan assets from the net interest cost calculated over the net defined benefits liability balance. Actuarial remeasurements are presented net of income tax within other comprehensive income in the consolidated statement of changes in stockholders’ equity, the amount of these actuarial remeasurements net of taxes as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 amounts to $272,527, $268,692 and $195,905, which includes a deferred tax effect of $116,074, $114,430 and $83,236, respectively. 79 iii. Derivatives classified as hedging instruments Derivatives classified as hedging instruments, are a hedge of the exposure to the variability of cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk associated with a recognized asset or liability or a forecasted transaction that may affect the income statement. A cash flow hedge, which meets all the hedging criteria, is accounted for as follows: • A portion of the gain or loss of the hedging instrument that is determined to be effective is recognized in other comprehensive income; and • The ineffective portion of the gain or loss of the hedging instrument is recognized immediately in the income statement. The amount of cash flow hedges as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 amounts to $49,751, $267,352 and $ 19,771, respectively. d) Reserve for repurchase of shares In 1998, the Company approved a stock repurchase plan in conformity with the Mexican Securities Trading Act and created a reserve for that purpose of $180,000 charged to retained earnings in such year. On April 28, 2021, pursuant to a resolution at the General Ordinary Stockholders’ Meeting, an amount of $1,224,000 was approved to be used in the reserve for acquisition own shares. The following table shows the movements of the reserve for acquisition of shares during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019: Balance as of January 1 (+) Total shares purchased (-) Total shares sold Balance as of December 31 2021 152,768 649,543 (182,768) 619,543 2020 100,396 212,860 (160,488) 152,768 2019 86,928 133,488 (120,020) 100,396 The net amount of repurchase and treasury share sale transactions was of ($32,331), ($3,509) and ($1,474), during the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has 619,543 treasury shares. e) Dividends During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company has declared and paid the following dividends: On April 28, 2021, the Company declared a payment of dividends in cash at nominal value of $851,619 or $1.42 pesos per outstanding share. The payment was made in two equal installments, on May 19 and July 14, 2021. On April 22, 2020, the Company declared a payment of dividends in cash at nominal value of $791,744 or $1.32 pesos per outstanding share. The payment was made in two equal installments, on May 12 and July 7, 2020. 80 On April 24, 2019, the Company declared a payment of dividends in cash at nominal value of $840,000 or $1.40 pesos per outstanding share. The payment was made in two equal installments, on May 14 and July 9, 2019. Dividends that the Company pays to stockholders are subject to ISR solely insofar as such dividends exceed the balance in its net tax income account (“CUFIN”) consisting of income in which ISR is already paid by the Company. The ISR paid on dividends corresponds to a tax payable by legal entities and not by individuals. However, as a result of changes to the income tax law described in note 20(a), beginning on January 1, 2014, a new withholding tax of 10% for resident individuals in Mexico and for all residents in foreign countries who receive dividends from entities was established. Such tax is considered a withholding tax by the entity that pays the dividends. This tax will be applicable only to the income generated from period 2014. Thus, the Company must update its CUFIN from income generated up to December 31, 2013 and must calculate a new CUFIN with the income generated from January 1, 2014. The Company obtains most of its revenue and net income from BSACV. For fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, net income of BSACV, accounted for 63%, 61% and 63%, respectively, of consolidated net income. Dividends for which BSACV pays ISR will be credited to the Company’s CUFIN account, and accordingly, any future liabilities arising from ISR will be incurred when such amounts are distributed as dividends to the stockholders. f) Tax balances of stockholders’ equity CUFIN IBSA individual IBSA Consolidated $ Balance as 2013 5,858,638 6,189,929 Balance from2014 Total 11,676,526 26,957,219 17,535,164 33,147,148 The restated amount as of December 31, 2021, on tax bases of the contributions made by stockholders (“CUCA”), totaling $3,382,568, may be refunded to them tax-free, to the extent that such amount is the same or higher than equity. (26) Earnings per share The basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 are $8.45, $6.56 and $5.37, respectively. The calculation of earnings per share was based on income attributable to ordinary stockholders of the Company (net income attributable to controlling interest) $5,065,554, $3,935,672 and $3,219,931 for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The average weighted number of common outstanding in 2021, 2020 and 2019 was 599,730,270, 599,818,022 and 599,971,832 shares, respectively. The Company has no ordinary shares with potential dilutive effects. 81 (27) Commitments • Bachoco USA, LLC has self-insurance programs for health care costs and workers’ payments. The subsidiary is liable for health care claims up to $7,179 (350 thousand dollars) each year per plan participant and workers’ payments claims up to $20,510 (1,000 thousand dollars) per event. Self-insurance costs are recorded based on the aggregate of the liability for reported claims and an estimated liability for claims incurred but not reported. The provision for this concept is recorded in the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position within current liabilities amounting to $107,842 (5,258 thousand dollars), $89,576 (4,490 thousand dollars) and $81,737 (4,327 thousand dollars) as of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Additionally, the consolidated statement of comprehensive income includes expenses relating to self-insurance plans of $188,413 (9,286 thousand dollars), $164,356 (7,648 thousand dollars) and $126,376 (6,565 thousand dollars) for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company is required to maintain letters of credit on behalf of the subsidiary of $59,479 (2,900 thousand dollars) during 2021, $57,855 (2,900 thousand dollars) during 2020 and $54,781 (2,900 thousand dollars) during 2019, to secure self-insured workers' payments. • The Company has entered into grain supply agreements with third parties as part of the regular course of its operations. • The Company has entered into certain contracts with suppliers under which advanced payments are rendered in order to assure the supply of materials and services. (28) Contingencies a) Insurance The Company has established a risk management program under a best practices methodology that assures the main risks of the business with the objective of reducing losses due to relevant claims. The Company set up a captive reinsurance company to complement its risk management strategy. Notwithstanding the foregoing, since all the exposures are not covered, there is a risk that the loss or destruction of certain assets may have a significant adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial situation. b) Lawsuits The Company is involved in a number of lawsuits and claims arising from the regular course of business. In the opinion of the Company’s Management, they are not expected to have significant effects on the Company’s financial position, operating results and future consolidated statements of cash flows. c) Tax contingencies In accordance with tax laws, Mexican authorities are empowered to review transactions carried out during the five years prior to the most recent ISR return filed. For the operations in the United States of America, the authorities of that country are empowered to review transactions carried out during the three years prior to the due date of the most recent annual tax return. The Company has not identified factors that may indicate the existence of a contingency. 82 (29) Financial income and costs Interest income Income from interest in accounts receivable Foreign exchange gain, net Financial income Effects of valuation of derivative financial instruments Foreign exchange loss, net Interest expense and financial expenses on 2021 591,046 2020 698,962 2019 988,005 $ 6,564 519,796 7,024 467,534 1,117,406 1,173,520 3,627 - 991,632 (1,541) - (291) - (8,029) (272,220) financial debt Interest paid on lease Other financial expenses Financial costs Financial income, net (30) Other expenses $ (104,179) (159,169) (250,820) (37,797) (31,848) (129,955) (41,502) (267,523) (291,329) (610,368) 849,883 381,264 (53,639) (78,230) 882,191 2021 2020 2019 Other income Sale of scrap of biological assets, raw materials, by-products and other Bargain purchase gain of domestic business acquisition (note 4) Total other income Other expenses Cost of disposal of biological assets, raw materials, by-products and other Other Total other expenses Total other expenses, net $ 1,076,605 866,027 1,203,836 - 1,076,605 90,889 956,916 - 1,203,836 (910,366) (489,018) (1,399,384) (322,779) $ (825,415) (494,028) (1,319,443) (362,527) (944,848) (263,722) (1,208,570) (4,734) (31) Subsequent events a) Business acquisition agreement On January 24, 2022 the Company acquired 100% of the shares of RYC Alimentos “RYC”, it is dedicated to multiprotein processing and marketing with production centers in the state of Puebla, Mexico; that was approved by Federal Economic Competition Commission (COFECE, for its Spanish acronym). The purchase price was $1,251,516. transaction The agreement contemplates the acquisition of 2 plants located in Puebla, Puebla, as well as its scheme of approximately 21 stores located in 4 states of the Mexican Republic (Puebla, Oaxaca, Veracruz and Tlaxcala). 83 At the date of the consolidated financial statements, the Company is still in the process of determining the fair value of the net assets acquired in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 3. b) Intention to launch Tender Offer for Bachoco’s Shares On March 25, 2022, the Company announces that a vehicle (the “Offeror”) in which current shareholders of the Robinson Bours family participate, communicated to Bachoco’s Board of Directors its intention to initiate the process to launch a voluntary tender offer for up to all of the outstanding shares of Bachoco, including shares represented by American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), which are not owned directly or indirectly by such shareholders or their affiliates, representing approximately 27% of the outstanding capital of Bachoco. The tender offer will be subject to various corporate and regulatory requirements, including registration before the Mexican Securities, Exchange Commission, filing with the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the authorization of the Board of Directors of Bachoco. This offer, as of the date of these consolidated financial statements, has not started and no formal document has been filed on it. Subsequent to the tender offer closing, the offeror intends to delist the outstanding shares on the markets where its shares are listed, including the New York Stock Exchange and the Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, and to deregister the shares under the US Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. c) Russia-Ukraine conflict On February 24, 2022, a large-scale military invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops was reported. Although the duration and impact of the ongoing military conflict are highly unpredictable, the conflict in Ukraine could lead to market disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices, credit and capital markets, increased energy and other input costs, and supply chain disruptions. We continue to monitor the situation in Ukraine and globally and assess its potential impact on our business. 

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