Inghams Group Limited Annual Report 2018

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FY2018 Annual Report · Inghams Group Limited

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Annual Report

Ingenta plc

For the year ended

31 December 2018

Registered number: 00837205

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Contents

Directors and advisers .................................................................................................... 1

Highlights ........................................................................................................................ 2

Board members ............................................................................................................... 3

Chairman’s statement .................................................................................................... 10

Group strategic report .................................................................................................... 11

Directors’ report .............................................................................................................. 14

Corporate governance statement ................................................................................. 16

Directors’ remuneration report ...................................................................................... 19

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Ingenta plc ....................................... 20

Group statement of comprehensive income .................................................................. 25

Group statement of financial position ........................................................................... 26

Group statement of changes in equity ........................................................................... 27

Group statement of cash flows ....................................................................................... 28

Notes to the Group financial statements ....................................................................... 29

Company statement of financial position...................................................................... 56

Company statement of changes in equity ..................................................................... 57

Company statement of cash flows ................................................................................. 58

Notes to the Company financial statements ................................................................. 59

The Directors submit to the members their report and accounts of the Group for the year ended
31 December 2018. Pages 1 to 19, including the Chairman's statement, Corporate governance
statement and Directors’ remuneration report, form part of the Directors’ report.

Directors and advisers

Executive Directors

G S Winner, Chief Executive Officer
J R Sheffield, Chief Financial Officer

Non-Executive Directors

M C Rose, Chairman
M A Rowse
N W Kirton
M M E Royde
B H Holmström

Company Secretary

J R Sheffield

Registered Office

8100 Alec Issigonis Way
Oxford
OX4 2HU

Auditor

Grant Thornton UK LLP
Registered Auditor
3140 Rowan Place
John Smith Drive
Oxford
OX4 2WB

Banker

HSBC plc
70 Pall Mall
London
SW1Y SE2

Solicitor

Memery Crystal LLP
44 Southampton Buildings
London
WC2A 1AP

Registrar

Link Asset Services
The Registry
34 Beckenham Road
Beckenham
Kent
BR3 4TU

Nominated Adviser

Cenkos Securities plc
6-8 Tokenhouse Yard
London
EC2R 7AS

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Highlights

•

Business reorganisation substantially complete.

Cumulative cost reductions of £4m on an annualised basis achieved over the last 18 months.

Company profile substantially de-risked with an ongoing annual cost base of approximately £9.5m.

Revenues of £12.0m (2017: £14.7m), reflecting increased emphasis on higher quality contracts.

• Over 70% of the reported revenues highly visible and recurring in nature.

• Operating cash inflows of £2.4m in the year (2017: £2.7m), before expenditure on research and development of £1.9m and reorganisation costs

of £0.8m.

•

Cash balances at year end of £1.3m (2017: £2.1m) and £2.5m at the end of January 2019.

Adjusted EBITDA* £0.8m (2017: £1.4m).

Dividend of 1.5 pence per share proposed (2017: 1.5 pence).

New contracts secured with a value of over £3.3m over 3 years, and an encouraging pipeline of further prospects.

*Adjusted EBITDA – earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, amortisation, gains / losses on revaluation, restructuring costs and foreign exchange
gains / losses. A calculation is provided in note 5 to the accounts.

Board members

Scott Winner,
Chief Executive Officer
As CEO, Scott Winner builds and drives the
organization to deliver successfully across all
areas of Professional Services, Research and
Development, Customer Service and Service
Delivery. Scott is responsible for overseeing
and evolving how Ingenta creates and delivers
new products, for deploying its innovations to

customers and managing the overall operational execution, all with a strong
metrics and analytics driven approach. Prior to his role as COO, Scott was EVP,
Global Projects for Ingenta, but has previously held roles managing product
line P&L, driving product development efforts and building successful
organizations to deliver. He has worked across several different industries,
including educational publishing, manufacturing and financial services, and has
held roles at Pearson Education, Amplify Learning, McGraw-Hill and the
Fireman’s Fund insurance company.

Martyn Rose,
Chairman
Martyn Rose is an entrepreneur specialising
in refinancing and restructuring smaller
companies and Chairman and a non-
executive director of Ingenta. Martyn has
helped steer the company toward its
continued growth, stability and success since
1999 before the merger of Ingenta and VISTA
International to become Ingenta in 2007. Martyn is also a qualified barrister and
became Chairman of his first publicly listed company at the age of 34. Since
that time, he has been Chairman of over twenty five public and private
companies with a present involvement in publishing software, online academic
research, financial services, manufacturing, recruitment and commercial radio.
In addition to his other commercial interests, Martyn has been a trustee of the
Cystic Fibrosis Trust since 2000, a school governor and co-chaired the National
Citizen Service.

Neil Kirton,
Non-executive Director
Neil Kirton is currently a Managing Director
and Head of Business Intelligence in the
London office of Kroll, a global leader in
corporate investigations and risk consultancy.
Prior to joining Kroll he was a Group Board
Director at The Arbuthnot Banking Group plc
having been Head of Corporate Finance and
Chief Executive Officer of its securities business. Previously he held a range of
senior equity market positions with Bridgewell Securities and ABN AMRO Hoare
Govett where he was Deputy Chief Executive and Global Head of Equity Sales.

Henrik Holmstrom,
Non-executive Director
Henrik founded the content management
company Polopoly in 2000 which focuses on
online media. He developed the business until
it was acquired by Atex in 2008, after which
Henrik became Group Chief Architect and later

Chief Technology Officer heading up the global R&D function. Since 2014,
Henrik has been building online security products and acting as an advisor to a
number of unlisted Swedish companies. Henrik holds a M.Sc. in Computer
Science and Engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Jon Sheffield,
Chief Financial Officer and
Company Secretary
As Chief Financial Officer, Jon is
responsible for the financial well-being and
stability of the organisation, as well as
communicating with the investor
community. Jon leads the Enterprise

Services division of Ingenta with responsibility for HR, Facilities and
Technology Infrastructure. Prior to his appointment as CFO, as Group
Financial Controller, Jon managed the Ingenta Finance function, including all
aspects of compliance, forecasting and reporting. An ACA qualified
accountant, Jon spent the early part of his career in practice, latterly at PWC,
managing audits and compliance over a broad range of companies and
market sectors. Prior to joining Ingenta, he held similar finance roles in the IT
and Retail industry. Jon qualified as a chartered accountant in 2001 before
joining Ingenta in 2010.

Mark Rowse,
Non-executive Director
Mark Rowse is a media and publishing
entrepreneur who specialises in creating
and developing businesses where content
meets the internet, particularly in the areas
of digital publishing and online television.
After graduation from Cambridge
University with a first class honours degree

in Law, Mark worked at investment bank NM Rothschild in mergers and
acquisitions. Following this he entered the media industry and since the mid
1990’s Mark has principally worked in the areas of the internet and digital
television, pioneering digital interactive TV on airlines, co-founding Yes TV,
now one of the major operators of on-demand TV in Asia, and launching
Luxury Life, an international digital satellite TV channel. In 1998 he founded
Ingenta plc, taking the company to a £120m flotation in 2000 and is now a
non-executive director of Ingenta as a result of the merger of Ingenta and
VISTA International in 2007.

Max Royde,
Non-executive Director
Max co-founded Kestrel in 2009. He is a
fund manager of Kestrel Opportunities and
sits on the Investment Committee for KITS.
Max has been advising and investing in
quoted and unquoted UK smaller
companies since 1998 and prior to Kestrel
was a managing director of KBC Peel Hunt.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Ingenta Products

Ingenta Commercial
The Ingenta Commercial framework provides a range of applications designed to move your content
forward in today’s marketplace, combining the best business solutions for both print and digital
products.

Royalties
Permissions
Editorial and Production

•
•
•
• Online Sales & Marketing
Digital & Print Distribution
•
Subscription Management
•

Ingenta Content
Our Ingenta suite of hosting platforms enable publishers of any size, discipline or technical proficiency
to convert, store, deliver and monetise digital content.

Semantic Enrichment

• Online Platforms
•
• Mobile
•
•

E-commerce
Access Entitlement

Ingenta Advertising
Our advertising solution is a complete, browser-based multimedia advertising, CRM and sales
management platform for content providers. With the ability to sell and track digital and print ads in a
single system, maximise the value of your audience with streamlined ad sales, packaged ad buys and
multi-channel campaigns, generating new revenues from previously untapped sources.

• Multimedia bookings
Packages and bundles
•
Inventory management
•
Finance/credit control
•
CRM
•

The Ingenta Audience data management platform (DMP) processes enriched data to gain valuable
insights on your users. These insights empower advertisers to ensure that their creative advertising
campaigns reach and engage with their target audiences.

Ingenta Services

Publishers Communication Group
Publishers Communication Group (PCG), is an internationally recognised sales and marketing consulting
firm providing a range of services designed to support and drive clients’ sales strategy. PCG has
advocated for scholarly publications and digital content around the world for over a quarter of a
century.

The Ingenta suite of products has been developed to mirror the needs and anticipate the future direction of global content providers. Many of
world’s leading publishers turn to Ingenta to advance their content strategies. We can assist clients every step of the way, from editorial acquisition
through to the end-user, with our premier asset management systems, sales and marketing consulting, and digital hosting platforms.

Ingenta Product Families offer a choice of deployment models: Enterprise or GO!

Product family

Product

Implementation Methodology

Enterprise

GO!

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Ingenta Contracts, Rights and Royalties
Ingenta Content Lifecycle Manager
Ingenta Order to Cash
Ingenta Aperture
Vista

Ingenta CMS
Ingenta Connect
Ingenta Open
Ingenta E-commerce

Ingenta Advertising
Ingenta Audience
Ingenta Editorial
Truly

Enterprise deployments will be product-based but allow for bespoke changes and customisations to be made to the software. GO! deploys an “off
the shelf” software package which allows the Group to sell at a lower price point with a standard implementation. GO! products have full capability
with limited flexibility and are designed for publishers prepared to adapt their processes rather than customise the software. Ingenta has adopted
best practices when defining the GO! offerings.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Ingenta Commercial

The Ingenta Commercial suite is an ERP solution for publishers, comprising 3 separate purchasable modules: Content Lifecycle Manager, Contracts,
Rights & Royalties and Order to Cash. It supports any product from ideation, contract management through to order fulfilment and cash collection.

The following components of the Commercial system can be purchased separately, in any combination, or as a complete enterprise system:

Ingenta Content lifecycle manager
This module helps manage product processes and control workflow. It provides a central repository in which core bibliographic data, associated
assets and rights can be stored and organised.

Users can create highly configurable product types at a granular level or building block level. Being product agnostic any complex combination, set,
collection of physical or digital bundle can be set up, decreasing time to market.

Ingenta Contracts, Rights and Royalties (CR&R)
Managing electronic rights, sub rights, fragments and permissions, the Rights element of CR&R ensures that content owners get the most from their
assets, no matter the size, format, or fine details of the transaction.

•
•
•
•

Real-time visibility of rights inventory
Complete tracking of expiration, publication, and sales histories
Support for chapter, image, and fragment sales
Full downstream management of rights income

In addition, Ingenta CR&R manages the full IP lifecycle, ensuring legal issues, from territorial rights and marketing obligations to supply chain
management and insurance, are properly considered and consistently administered. Contracts management within CR&R underpins the system and
enables consistency and compliance across your organisation, to avoid potentially costly disputes.

Ingenta CR&R enables data owners and users to confidently fulfil contractual obligations, decrease operating expenses and boost revenue potential
with a complete intellectual property system which leverages rights, royalties and permissions compliance with accurate cash flow forecasting,
multicurrency calculations and tracking across various products and content types.

The Royalties element of the Ingenta CR&R application enables publishers to calculate complex royalties quickly, easily and with confidence, and
provides authors with a self-service interface. This allows publishers to better serve their authors, contributors, illustrators, and other rights owners
from initial contract to final payment. Ingenta CR&R is considered the only system on the market able to handle the complexities and nuances of
today’s most creative deals.

•
•
•
•

Complex royalty calculations
Support for multiple currencies and international tax reporting
Streamlined operations and cash flow forecasting
Improved author care with user-friendly interface

Ingenta Order to Cash (OtC)
The Order to Cash application allows publishers to package, market, sell and deliver content in the formats that readers demand, where and when
they seek it. OtC has the range and depth of features necessary to integrate the delivery of diverse product types and billing methods via multiple
channels, including e-books, online subscriptions, social commerce, digital access, downloads and service billing, while providing full support for
print and physical products.

Ingenta Aperture
Launched in 2018, Ingenta Aperture allows customers to create a view into their data which can be accessed on demand, regardless of where the
information is stored. Access rights can be set to make sure sensitive information is shared on a ‘need to know’ basis. This allows business to share
insights, securely, on their own terms. Typical uses include:
Authors accessing royalty statements
Detailed product, pricing, bundling and order information; on demand for bookstores

•
•
• Metadata access for project contributors
• On-the-go access for representatives

Vista
Vista, a legacy enterprise level product family, provides a range of applications enabling Book Fulfilment, Subscription Management, Third Party
Distribution and Royalties Management, delivered through several managed services, including:

•
•
•
•

Applications Implementation Services (AIS)
Applications Support and Updates (ASU)
Applications Management Services (AMS)
Applications Hosting Services (AHS)

Vista continues to be an important part of Ingenta’s product portfolio. Service of the product and existing customers continues to evolve. 2018
marked the first “Vista as a service” deployment of the product; a modern cloud-based service, in-line with today’s expectations of software services.

Ingenta Content

Our Content products deliver over 700 million page views and data requests per year through our fully outsourced Ingenta Connect scholarly portal,
our custom, semantically enriched, multi-format Ingenta CMS platform and E-commerce solution.

These products enable publishers of any size, discipline, or technical proficiency to convert, store, deliver, and monetise digital content.

Ingenta CMS
The Ingenta CMS platform is a custom hosting solution that supports and delivers all the information a data provider will publish. The result of a
multi- year research and development program, our CMS solution has been built from the ground up using a powerful combination of industry
standard architecture and semantic web technologies. Ingenta CMS maximises the visibility, usage, and value of publishers’ content via semantic
enrichment while optimising content licensing around flexible E-commerce and access controls regardless of format or type.

•
•
•
•
•

Provides seamless access to all content in all its formats
Harnesses semantic discovery and drives usage with intuitive routes into research
Allows content to be repackaged easily to experiment with new business models
Delivers content via desktop, tablet, or smartphone
Uses sophisticated access control

Ingenta Connect
Ingenta Connect hosts content for around 300 publishers and is the home of scholarly research. Academics and students from over 25,000
registered institutions around the world have access to tens of thousands of publications, leading to an average of 32 million page views per year,
delivering 218,000 downloads per month. Our fully outsourced e-publishing package is a turn-key platform solution and a proven channel to get
content online quickly, easily and affordably.

On Ingenta Connect, there is a broad spectrum of cost-effective services to choose from, whether a publisher is taking content online for the first
time, looking to increase revenues through online activity or thinking of creating a custom-branded website.

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Data conversion & enhancement
Secure web hosting
Flexible E-commerce
Linking and distribution
Ahead-of-publication solutions
Continuous publishing models
Collection bundling and Virtual Publication creation
Archival Digitisation and delivery

Ingenta Open
Ingenta Open is a new portal from Ingenta; linked directly to Ingenta Connect. The concept behind it is simple – to be a single solution for all open
access content. Ingenta Open consists of a supported content management system and discovery service, exclusively for open access content,
implemented across a broad range of networks and repositories and facilitating access for researchers, students and the public.

Ingenta Open facilitates search and discovery both internally via a sophisticated content management system, and externally via publishers’ own
content management systems and institutional repositories. With a low-cost entry threshold for open access publishers seeking a supported content
management system and a sustainable long-term business model, Ingenta Open carries the huge additional benefit for smaller publishers of dual
hosting on Ingenta Connect, thereby opening discovery to over 1.8 million registered users and thousands of libraries.

Ingenta E-commerce
Ingenta E-commerce is a single solution that manages business models, access entitlement and cross-selling of products on multiple platforms. It
can maximise existing content by creating new revenue streams at the touch of a button, allowing publishers to enhance profits from their existing
intellectual property by empowering sales and marketing teams to pinpoint the needs of the digital customer, create content bundles and sell to
specific customer groups whilst integrating online business models with back office legacy infrastructure.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Ingenta Advertising

Ingenta Advertising is a complete, browser-based multimedia advertising, CRM and sales management platform for content providers. With the
ability to sell and track digital and print ads in a single system, publishers can maximise the value of their audience with streamlined ad sales,
packaged ad buys and multi-channel campaigns, generating new revenues from previously untapped sources.

Ingenta Advertising manages:

CRM

•
• Multimedia bookings
Packages and bundles
•
Inventory management
•
Traffic
•
Finance/credit control
•

Features:

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

In-house and third-party CRM integration
Finance production integrations
Billing invoicing and accruals
Receivables
Print, digital and events bookings managed as single order
Contact management
Reporting, analysis and interactive dashboards
Traffic and ad copy tracking
Internal and external inventory management

Ingenta Audience
Ingenta Audience is an audience profiling platform. It provides customer intelligence to help users engage the right audiences and make better
informed marketing decisions. The profiling platform provides tools to segment audiences. These audience insights help optimise advert positioning
by helping to determine which areas of content are most likely to be relevant and of interest to target audiences.

Ingenta Audience ingests multiple data sources to gain a holistic view of the customers digital platform visitors. Ingenta Audience has the ability to
interpret data such as consumers’ interests and attractions across digital and interact with other data points to create a ‘single consumer view’ of the
customers, this first party data provides the opportunity to serve relevant content and ads albeit from the customers own inventory or via ad
exchanges.

Ingenta Editorial
An all in one editorial, digital asset management & cross channel publishing platform that covers all areas of multimedia news production and their
delivery in different formats and channels, while streamlining the enterprise workflow. Ingenta Editorial is an innovative suite, available in two
different editions, one for news agencies and one for publishers.

Truly
Truly Media is a unique web-based collaboration platform. It has been designed to support the verification of digital (user-generated) content
residing in social networks and elsewhere. Truly Media (www.truly.media) was developed in very close collaboration with journalists and human
rights investigators, taking their demands and requirements fully into account.

Publishers Communication Group

Publishers Communication Group (PCG), an Ingenta company, is an internationally recognised sales and marketing consulting firm providing a
range of services designed to support and drive clients’ sales strategy. PCG has advocated for scholarly publications and digital content around the
world for over a quarter of a century.

PCG sales, marketing and research professionals have executed successful campaigns, forged relationships with top global consortia and scrutinised
the ever-changing academic marketplace on behalf of over 100 industry clients, generating more than $50 million for clients in sales.

Established in 1990 and headquartered in Boston (USA) with offices in the UK, Brazil, Mexico, India and China, PCG’s global presence continues to
grow to better serve the needs of publishers. Drawing on the infrastructure of a world-leading provider, PCG manages strategic sales and marketing
operations for publishers ranging including Mary Ann Liebert, The Royal Society of London and BioOne, and conducts individual and repeat projects
for dozens of other publishers around the world.

Experience
Now in its third decade, PCG has helped publishers launch sales and marketing efforts in new regions, shore up existing business, conduct market
research and analysis, and negotiate lucrative consortia deals. Our established network of faculty, library selectors, consortia leaders and end-users,
paired with our seasoned, multilingual sales teams makes us an ideal partner for a publisher of any size.

Connections
PCG team members have held positions at academic and medical libraries, subscription agents and publishers including, Wiley, Mango Languages,
OCLC, Ingram, Lyraris, LexisNexis, the MIT Press, Elsevier, Cengage, NEJM, JBJS, Forrester Research, Sage, and Taylor & Francis, resulting in over 200
years of collective industry experience. Their extensive global network includes tens of thousands of library selectors from academic, corporate,
medical libraries and consortia worldwide.

Trusted Partner
PCG clients include commercial publishers, non-profit associations and electronic services providers. Publishers trust that we will promote their
content to the right people and in the most impartial manner possible by providing measurable results and explicit data to help justify marketing
expenditure.

Global Reach
With offices in the US and UK in addition to Brazil, Mexico, India and China, PCG’s multilingual team consistently develops new relationships with
key decision-makers in twelve languages.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Chairman’s statement

2018 Developments
The Group announced that 2018 would signal the culmination of its long-term business reorganisation plans and I’m pleased to announce that the
new business structure is in place for 2019. The Group now has a unified approach to servicing its customer base which allows it to be significantly
nimbler and more responsive to changing customer demands. The removal of the old product siloes has already had positive results as the business
looks to cross sell its products and services and improve customer retention. Obviously, these changes were significant, and the business incurred
some one-off costs during the transition that are reported in the financial statements.

On an operational level, the business has secured several large renewals within its customer base and expanded its service offering. The Group was
pleased to recently announce 3 multi-year customer renewals within its Commercial division with a total deal value of £3.3m over 3 years. The
Group also announced two new customer wins for its CMS product in 2018 and these deployments are running smoothly to a go live in 2019. One
of these customers is an institution in Qatar and it means the CMS product is now operational in Arabic which provides scope for further
opportunities within that territory. Within the advertising business, our new software platform for Sainsburys has successfully gone live and the new
features and functionality are being marketed to a wider customer base with some interesting leads being followed up. The Commercial product has
one go live scheduled for the first quarter of 2019 and two new customer implementations underway with more new contract wins expected to be
announced shortly.

Results
As mentioned above, the audited results for the year ended 31 December 2018 have been impacted by the costs associated with the Group’s
business reorganisation plans. The costs of this were approximately £0.8m (2017: £0.3m) and have contributed to the loss reported in the year. In
addition, the Group also incurred non-cash impairment charges to intangible assets of £0.9m (2017: nil). These impairment charges included a £0.3m
(2017: nil) write down of the Group’s shareholding in its Chinese joint venture and a £0.6m (2017: nil) impairment of non-software related goodwill.
The Group deems both items to be non-core assets.

The revenue base has been restructured towards fewer, higher quality contracts with approximately 70% of the reported revenues highly visible and
recurring in nature. From this revenue base, the Group generated operating cash inflows of £2.3m in the year, before expenditure on research and
development of £1.8m, acquisition costs of £0.25m, dividends of £0.25m and the planned reorganisation costs of £0.8m, resulting in net cash
balances at year-end of £1.3 million. In January 2019 cash balances increased to £2.5m and the Group expects that the new organisational structure
will help deliver improved cash generation.

Shareholders’ returns and dividends
On the 26th January 2018, the Board proposed a court approved reduction of capital and invited shareholders to vote on the resolution at a General
Meeting held on 19th February 2018. This resolution was successfully passed and at a Court hearing on the 27th March the reduction of capital was
approved and became effective that day, increasing the Company’s distributable reserves by £8,999K.

The Directors declared their intention to pay a dividend in 2019 of 1.5 pence per share (2018: 1.5 pence). This is subject to shareholder approval at
the forthcoming AGM.

M C Rose
Chairman
29 March 2019

Group strategic report

2018 has been a period of change as the Group implemented a new organisational structure which sets the foundations for a more responsive
business which is better positioned for growth.

Business Strategy
The Business has moved away from a product siloed divisional structure to a more product agnostic services architecture. The benefit of this is a
much more integrated approach to servicing our customers whereby we can standardise service levels and utilise resources more efficiently.

The Group’s unified approach is starting to produce results and we have already announced some significant contract renewals and customer
upgrade projects as the business looks to actively re-engage and respond to our client’s needs. The business strategy has been to focus on our
higher quality revenue streams where the Group believes it can deliver better margins. Similarly, the sales and marketing efforts are targeted at
improved margins and I’m extremely encouraged by the progress being made in developing our sales pipeline and building customer awareness of
our suite of products and services. The aim going forward is to be highly focussed in our sales prospecting work by targeting key market areas with
a proven and referenceable product set. The previous decisions to develop a simplified GO! offering with pre-configured out of the box functionality
has been instrumental in this as we now have some strong leads within the mid-tier market which we hope to announce shortly.

Our development strategy is also firmly in line with the broader business goals. Now that the product set is complete and referenceable, we can be
more strategic with our investment decisions. Our Commercial product offering has the core functionality to be applicable to a much wider
audience and with modest development can be tailored to meet those requirements. We are currently investigating these opportunities as we
believe they offer good prospects for growth.

Product review

Ingenta Commercial
Ingenta Commercial provides enterprise level publishing management systems for both print and digital products.

All modules of the product are now fully referenceable and live on customer sites allowing the business to step up its marketing and sales activity.
The indications from the second half of 2018 were positive, with promising opportunities being progressed in the mid-tier market where the GO!
offering is proving successful. The core of the simplified GO! offering remains intact which means the software can be configured and enhanced
over time as the customers’ needs and requirements change.

Ingenta Content
The Ingenta Content suite of products enable publishers of any size, discipline or technical proficiency to convert, store, deliver and monetise digital
content.

As in other parts of the software business, Ingenta’s Content Management Solutions (CMS) is offered in a GO! format as well as the full enterprise
version. The business has secured two new deals in the year which are progressing well with go lives anticipated for mid-2019. One of these deals
involved an Arabic interface for the software which is now fully functional and provides further scope for the Group to expand into these new
territories. Ingentaconnect, the divisions content aggregation solution, also announced a new Open Access solution in 2018 which puts Ingenta at
the forefront of this rapidly evolving area of debate within the scholarly publishing industry which remains a key focus for the Group.

Ingenta Advertising
Ingenta Advertising provides a complete browser-based multimedia advertising, CRM and sales management platform for content providers.

Within the advertising space, traditional newspaper and magazine customers are adopting a cautious approach to investment decisions. The Group
remains well placed to service these customers and has an upgraded platform solution on offer to address the changing requirements of its
customer base. In addition, the business has developed a new portal with specific application to the retail business and its management of
advertising and promotions. The solution went live at Sainsburys in 2018 and the Group are pressing ahead with other potential sales in this sector.

PCG
The PCG consulting arm provides a range of services designed to support and drive a business’s sales strategy.

PCG continues to deliver impressive results to its customer base and maintained its revenue levels in line with the prior year.

Financial Performance
Group revenues for the year have decreased by £2.7m to £12.0m (2017: £14.7m) reflecting our focus on higher quality earnings which we believe will
deliver improved margins.

As reported at the half year, the Group incurred £0.3m (2017: nil) of non-cash impairment charges against its joint venture investment in China. The
Company has no further cash or balance sheet exposure to China and further details are included in note 3. The Group also incurred a further £0.6m
(2017: nil) non-cash impairment charges against its non-software related goodwill. In terms of the reorganisation, there has also been a £0.8m (2017:
£0.3m) exceptional charge relating to staff costs and the business reorganisation plans. In total, these costs amounted to £1.7m (2017: £0.3m) and

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

were a key driver in the reported operating loss of £1.2m (2017: profit £0.9m).

A tax credit of £0.3m (2017: £0.2m) is included in the results for the year and relates to money expected to be received under the research and
development tax credit scheme. The claim has been calculated using the same methodology as in prior years and is subject to HMRC approval.
Further details are in note 8.

Financial Position
Non-current assets include goodwill and intangibles created in historic acquisitions. The intangibles relate to the software technology acquired and
were originally valued at £0.5m using a discounted cashflow model. These are being amortised over 5 years. The goodwill of £4.3m (2017: £4.9m)
was tested for impairment using discounted cashflows resulting in an impairment charge of £0.6m (2017: nil) was incurred in relation to non-
software items. Further details are included in notes 10 and 11.

Current assets have decreased compared to 2017 because of the timing of cash receipts from the renewals cycle. The cash balance was over £2.5m
at the end of January 2019. Further details on current assets are shown in notes 13 and 15.

Total liabilities have also declined compared to 2017. The main contributory factor here was a reduction in accruals of £0.3m relating to the
settlement of the earnout on acquisition of the 5 Fifteen business. Further details are shown in note 16.

On 26 January 2018, the Group announced a court approved reduction of capital whereby the Company cancelled its share premium account and
increased its distributable reserves by approximately £9m.

Cashflow
The Group generated operating cash inflows of £2.3m in the year, before expenditure on research and development of £1.8m, acquisition costs of
£0.25m, dividends of £0.25m and the planned reorganisation costs of £0.8m, resulting in net cash balances at year-end of £1.3 million. At the end of
January 2019, cash balances increased to £2.5m and the Group expects that the new organisational structure will help deliver improved cash
generation. The Group received a tax credit in the year of £0.2m (2017: £0.1m) and the estimate for 2018 is a for a further £0.3m, although this is
subject to HMRC approval.

Key Performance Indicators
The Board and senior management review a number of KPI’s continually throughout the year, all of which form part of the monthly management
accounts process and include:

•
•
•
•
•

Revenue versus budget and monthly reforecast
Adjusted EBITDA (see note 5 for calculation) versus budget
Group cashflow versus budget
Sales pipeline growth and conversion analysis
Time utilisation statistics

Any deviations or anomalies are investigated, and corrective action taken where appropriate.

Full year revenues have been impacted by the strategy to focus on higher quality revenue streams which the Group believe will deliver better
margins. Some new sales wins were also delayed until later in the year and some have been pushed out into 2019. However, contract negotiations
are moving ahead positively, and management expect to be able to announce new deals in the first half of 2019. The sales and marketing team has
also been restructured and training programmes initiated which has seen tangible improvements in lead generation and pipeline development.
Management believe this has set the foundations for commercial success in 2019.

Adjusted EBITDA numbers are included in the segmental information by business unit in the Group accounts. For the Group, these results were
below budget which meant share options for the year did not vest. Management took action during the year implementing cost control measures
so that resourcing was kept in line with sales activity, and operational efficiencies were identified which helped improve margins.

Year-end cash balances were £1.3m. This was impacted by the restructuring efforts in the year and timing of receipts. The renewals activity of the
business is heavily linked to the calendar year with some receipts falling into January 2019 when cash balances rose to over £2.5m.

The Group monitor sales activity with reference to monthly sales pipeline reports. These reports detail sales opportunities by product with metrics
around expected project timelines and revenue recognition estimates so that management can deploy resources adequately to ensure the best
chances of success in the bidding process. When any items are removed from the pipeline due to either a successful sale or a lost opportunity,
management carry out a detailed analysis to ensure the reasons are understood and any actions required are taken. Such analysis has led to the
development of GO! products designed to meet a market requirement.

The business has also started to monitor time utilisation rates of its core functional departments. These are at an early stage of development and will
be enhanced during 2019.

Outlook
The Group can look forward to 2019 with renewed optimism as the positive benefits from its long-term business reorganisation plan continue to roll

out. The Board believe the business is now significantly de-risked, producing a higher quality, cash generative earnings stream whereby the fixed
costs of the business are met by its highly visible recurring revenues. Combined with this, the Group’s efforts to strategically build its sales pipeline
are now paying off and we hope to capitalise on this momentum through our refreshed sales targets for 2019.

Risks and uncertainties

Sales risk
The major risks for future trading are converting sales of Ingenta CMS and the Commercial product suite (Ingenta Rights, Royalties, Product
Manager and Order to Cash), and generating revenue within PCG. Most of the business costs are fixed in the medium-term, being people and
premises costs, and therefore there is a risk to Group profitability when budgeted revenue is not delivered as cost reductions will lag behind
revenue reductions. Management undertake detailed monthly revenue forecasting and assess risk on an ongoing basis. Procurement processes
remain difficult to predict, and any delays during contract negotiation will impact on the timing of project commencement and the level of revenue
that can be recognised in the year.

Project risk
There are two principal project risks: risk of fixed priced projects running over and the risk on all projects where there is development required that
we are unable to deliver to the specification agreed.

Fixed price projects risk relates to the accuracy of project estimates and the time it will take to complete the tasks as specified in the customer
contract. Management mitigate this risk by hiring the best staff who are able to estimate projects accurately and by building in a contingency to
fixed priced contracts. Management also closely monitor contracts to ensure all work performed is in accordance with the agreement and any new
requests are separately contracted for. Management also mitigate the risk by taking on new projects on a time and materials basis wherever
possible.

Projects requiring bespoke development also carry the risk that the development will not be able to be delivered in the way envisaged at the time of
contract. Management take care to fully scope these development projects and use developers who understand the products and the complexities
of building bespoke elements.

IT risk
Internal IT services are deployed onto fault tolerant platforms and spread over multiple locations including the Group’s offices, co-location facilities,
Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) and Office365. Regular backups and securing of data offer multiple restore points in the event of a critical failure
outside of the scope of the in-built resilience. E-mail is a cloud-based deployment that staff can access from any working PC/smart phone. Staff
have access to cloud-based storage (OneDrive) in addition to co-location deployed file servers where data cannot be stored in e-mail. Key staff have
mobile phones and access to resilient telephony services for the purposes of contacting each other and customers. Through Remote Working staff
can access their data and customer sites in the event that it was not possible to gain access to our offices.

Customer facing services are monitored for both stability and performance; wherever possible proactive maintenance is undertaken to avoid
performance problems and/or downtime. All customer deployments are done to fault tolerant hardware either in one of our co-location facilities or
to a cloud-based service, both offering high levels of resiliency and multiple, redundant access.

The Group’s business continuity plan is available from multiple locations and is regularly updated to cover new services and deployments.

FX risk
The risk associated with generating revenue and suffering costs in a currency other than sterling. This is mitigated naturally within Ingenta plc as
revenues and associated costs are generally denominated in the same currency. Overall the Group is a net generator of USD.

HR risk
In a company with a high proportion of people-based revenue there is a risk of key staff leaving or being absent through sickness. This is mitigated
by having appropriate notice periods built into employee contracts and ensuring there is adequate coverage for all staff roles with no individual
solely responsible for significant revenue generation.

Brexit
Management continue to monitor the UK’s exit from the EU and its implications for the business. It is not anticipated the UK’s exit from the EU will
affect software sales and the majority of its revenue is within the UK and US markets. At present, the main risks identified are currency fluctuations
which have been reviewed above.

On behalf of the Board.

G S Winner
Chief Executive Officer
29 March 2019

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Directors’ report

The Directors present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018.

Directors
The Directors of the Company who held office during the year were:

Executive Directors:

G S Winner, Chief Executive Officer (appointed 31 October 2018)

D R Montgomery, Chief Executive Officer (resigned 22 August 2018)

J R Sheffield, Chief Financial Officer

Non-Executive Directors:

M C Rose, Chairman

M A Rowse

N W Kirton

B H Holmström

M M E Royde

The interests of Directors in the shares of the Company at 31 December 2018 are disclosed in the Directors’ remuneration report.

Corporate governance
Details of corporate governance for the year to 31 December 2018 are disclosed in the corporate governance statement.

Research and development activities
The Group carries out research and development activities in connection with administration systems, web delivery, access control and linking
technologies. All costs relating to these activities are charged to profit and loss within the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.
The charge to the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income was £1.9m (2017: £2.1m) in the year to 31 December 2018.

Substantial shareholdings
As at 11 January 2019, the Company had been notified of the following shareholders who are interested, directly or indirectly, in three percent or
more of the issued share capital of the Company:

Name

M C Rose

Kestrel Partners LLP

Miton Group plc

Criseren Investments Limited

L B Gibson

Financial risk management
Details of the Group’s financial risks are given in note 26.

Number of ordinary
10p shares

Percentage of issued
ordinary share capital

4,645,412

4,526,754

2,252,650

827,785

563,399

27.46%

26.75%

13.31%

4.89%

3.33%

Employment policy
Group employees are regularly consulted by Management and kept informed of matters affecting them and the overall development of the Group.
The Group’s policy is to give disabled people full and fair consideration for job vacancies, having due regard for their abilities and the safety of the
individual. In the event of members of staff becoming disabled every effort is made to ensure that their employment with the Group continues and
appropriate training is arranged.

Directors’ and officers’ liability insurance
The Group, as permitted by sections 234 and 235 of the Companies Act 2006, maintains insurance cover on behalf of the Directors and Company
Secretary indemnifying them against certain liabilities which may be incurred by them in relation to the Group.

Going concern
The Directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis. In assessing whether this assumption is appropriate, management
have taken into account all relevant available information about the future including a revenue, profit and cash forecast, and management’s ability
to affect costs and revenues. Management regularly forecast profit, financial position and cash flows for the Group and a rolling forecast is updated
monthly. Revenue is forecast in detail with all revenue contracts individually listed and ranked by probability from firm to prospect. Management
have reviewed forecast costs for reasonableness against prior years in light of known changes and have concluded that forecast costs are robust.
Further details on going concern are included within note 1 to the accounts (principal accounting policies).

Auditor
Grant Thornton UK LLP, offer themselves for re-appointment as auditor. A resolution to re-appoint Grant Thornton UK LLP will be proposed at the
forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

On behalf of the Board.

G S Winner
Director
29 March 2019

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Corporate governance statement

After the recent changes to the AIM Rules which require all AIM-listed companies to adopt and comply with a recognised corporate governance
code, the Board of Ingenta plc have adopted the Quoted Companies Alliance Corporate Governance Code (the QCA Code).

It is the Board’s responsibility to ensure that the Ingenta Group is managed in the long-term interests of all shareholders and stakeholders in the
business. The Board believes a strong and effective corporate governance culture is critical in this respect as we endeavour to grow a resilient and
sustainable business for the benefit of our shareholders, customers, people and suppliers.

The QCA code is constructed around 10 broad principles which are detailed in full on the Company’s website.

Strategy and business model
Ingenta seeks to solve the unique problems faced by information providers. We tailor our suite of industry-specific technology products to create
robust solutions to manage our customers IP, content and advertising requirements.

Our business model is to deliver profitable services enabling us to invest in the development of software solutions that help our customers manage
and monetise their content. We generate revenue via professional service fees for implementing our solutions, providing ongoing licence, hosting
and support services plus a range of ancillary consulting services. We then reinvest some of these profits into our products and the development of
next generation solutions to ensure we have the required product capabilities to deliver revenue and profit into the future.

The Group strategic report provides further information on the results of the business.

Risk management
The Board of Directors acknowledges its responsibility for the Group’s system of risk management and internal control, including suitable
monitoring procedures. There are inherent limitations in any system of risk management and internal control and accordingly, even the most
effective system can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance with respect to the preparation of financial information and the
safeguarding of assets. The Group’s control environment is the responsibility of the Group’s Directors and managers at all levels.

The Directors and management have considered the risks facing the business with the key items discussed in the Group strategic report section of
the financial statements. These are assessed on an ongoing basis. Other risks which come under the direct control of the Directors include treasury
management, capital expenditure, insurance, health and safety and regulatory compliance. Risk assessment includes the review of potential
mitigations.

The Company has an established framework of internal controls covering the following areas:

•

The Board reviews and approves company strategy and the associated annual budgets.

•
• Monthly management information packs are produced which report performance to the Board and management team. These include income
statements, balance sheets and cash flows. Actual results are reported against budget, latest forecast and prior year with an updated forecast
for the expected full year outcome.
Any new business goes through a deal review meeting to determine expected profitability and identify any risks and how they can be
mitigated in the contract. New contracts must be signed by a member of the Board and where material they are reviewed by the Companies
advisors.
A Company wide timesheet system is in place to enable management to effectively monitor projects, both internal and external, and report
on profitability throughout the duration of the work.
A clear organisational structure with defined levels of authority and approval.
Close supervision of the daily operations by the Executive Directors and management team.
Central control over banking facilities with defined authority limits.
The Audit Committee reviews the independent audit findings report each year to ensure compliance with financial reporting regulations and
that its internal control procedures are being adhered to and remain effective.

•
•
•
•

•

The Group continues to review its internal controls and will be including further key performance indicators into the monthly reporting cycle to
assist management and the Board in understanding the performance of the business. The Board considered the usefulness of appointing a
dedicated legal counsel and internal audit function but decided in view of the size of the Group it was not effective to do so. This will be kept under
review.

Further detail on the key risks faced by the business are set out in the Group strategic report.

Management framework
Ultimate responsibility for corporate governance lies with the Chairman of the Board. At present the Board comprises the Non-Executive Chairman,
four Non-Executive Directors and two Executive directors. During 2018, David Montgomery stepped down from his role as CEO and Executive
Director and was replaced by Scott Winner. N W Kirton and B H Holmstrom are deemed to be independent Board members.

The Board is satisfied that it has the right mix of skills covering finance, investor relations, technology and industry experience to enable it to
discharge its duties and responsibilities effectively and is supported by an Audit and a Remuneration Committee which meet separately through the

year. Any conflicts of interest at Board level are reviewed regularly through the year and disclosed at the Board meeting as appropriate.

There are normally eleven Board meetings scheduled as standard through the year with further meetings set up as required. In the year to 31
December 2018 there were 10 Board meetings held with attendance records below:

Name
D R Montgomery

G S Winner

J R Sheffield

M C Rose

M A Rowse

N W Kirton

M M E Royde

B H Holmström

Attendance
3 out of 3

8 out of 8

10 out of 10

9 out of 10

10 out of 10

9 out of 10

10 out of 10

Each month the Board is supplied with a comprehensive management information pack covering financial performance for the month and forecast
for the full year. The management team also provide an in-depth commentary on the divisional operations of the business to ensure the Board is
kept abreast of the latest developments.

Board of Directors
Between them, the Board members provide skills in finance and reporting, public markets, investor relations, technology and the publishing
industry. These skills are kept up to date via training courses and current on the job experience. The Company’s Nomad strengthens the Board’s
professional development by providing guidance and updates on corporate governance and regulatory matters as required.

The Board composition is under regular review and has widened over recent years to include specialists in public markets and technology where the
Board felt there was a need for additional expertise. All Directors can take independent professional advice in order that they can effectively carry
out their duties and have access to the services of the Company secretary as required.

Each board member’s biography is available on the Company’s website and on page three of the financial statements and detail their skills,
experience and capabilities.

The Company secretary is responsible for guiding the Chairman and Board on their responsibilities and how those responsibilities should be
discharged. This includes ensuring good information flows within the Board and its committees and also between senior management. Other
responsibilities include shareholder relations, administration of the Company’s records and ensuring compliance with legal and statutory
requirements.

Board performance
The Chairman continually monitors performance of the Board at the regular board meetings. The Executive Director roles of Chief Executive Officer
and Chief Financial Officer are clearly defined with performance targets relating to Revenue, EBITDA, Earnings per share and cash balances set each
year. The Company’s auditors provide an annual finding report which is used as a tool to identify any areas of improvement for the Board, and these
are reviewed and acted upon as appropriate. Where further training requirements have been identified, the Company then ensures that these are
carried out.

In terms of succession planning, the Board are encouraged to maintain dialogue regarding individual member’s future plans to enable the Company
to complete an orderly transition. The succession process involves a thorough review of potential internal and external candidates to ensure the best
person is selected. While no formal nomination committee has been established, board and other senior management appointments are regularly
considered at a board level.

Corporate culture
The Board and senior management expect everyone in the company to act in a responsible and ethical manner because the reputation of the
business is key to our success. The company does not let cost concerns override its ethics and behaviour. For example, we only contract with
offshore resourcing entities who commit to fair working practices. The Company is committed to minimising negative environmental impact in
terms of energy usage at our offices, digitising our content and using responsible methods to dispose of electrical equipment.

The Company and staff are also active in the local community supporting charities and sponsoring good causes. Feedback from all stakeholders, as
described in further detail on the Company’s website, allow the Board to monitor the Company’s culture, as well as the ethical values and
behaviours within the business.

Remuneration Committee
The Remuneration Committee is composed of three Non-Executive Directors: M C Rose (Chairman), M A Rowse and N W Kirton. It is responsible for
the terms, conditions and remuneration of the Executive Directors and senior management. The Remuneration Committee may consult external
agencies when ascertaining market salaries. The Chairman of the Remuneration Committee will be available at the AGM to answer any shareholder
questions.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Audit Committee
The Audit Committee is comprised of three Non-Executive Directors: M C Rose (Chairman), M A Rowse and N W Kirton. It monitors the adequacy of
the Group’s internal controls and provides the opportunity for the external auditor to communicate directly with the Non-Executive Directors.

The Audit Committee also ensures that the external auditor is independent via the segregation of audit related work from other accounting
functions and non-audit related services provided and measures applicable fees with similar auditors.

Relations with shareholders
The Group gives high priority to its communication with shareholders. This is achieved through the Group’s website, correspondence and extensive
corporate information. In addition, the Group visits its main institutional investors on an ongoing basis and makes available to all shareholders, free
of charge, its Interim and Annual Reports online, from the Group’s head office or via the Financial Times Annual Report Service. At the AGM the
shareholders are given the opportunity to question members of the Board. The notice of the AGM is sent to shareholders at least 21 business days
before the meeting.

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report and Directors’ Report and the financial statements in accordance with
applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the
financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union for the Company and
the Group. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view
of the state of affairs and profit or loss of the Company and Group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required
to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

•
• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
•

state whether applicable IFRSs for the Company and the Group have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and
explained in the financial statements; and
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

•

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company’s transactions and
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply
with the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the
prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The directors confirm that:

•
•

so far as each Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; and
the Directors have taken all the steps that they ought to have taken as Directors in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit
information and to establish that the auditors are aware of that information.

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the Company’s website.
Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other
jurisdictions.

On behalf of the Board.

M C Rose
Chairman of the Audit Committee
29 March 2019

Directors’ remuneration report

The Remuneration Committee comprises M C Rose (Chairman), M A Rowse and N W Kirton who are Non-Executive Directors. The Remuneration
Committee decides the remuneration policy that applies to Executive Directors and senior management. The Remuneration Committee meets
regularly in order to consider and set the annual remuneration for the Executive Directors, having regard to personal performance and industry
remuneration rates.

In determining that policy, it considers a number of factors including:

•
•
•

the basic salaries and benefits available to Executive Directors of comparable companies,
the need to attract and retain Directors of an appropriate calibre, and
the need to ensure Directors’ commitment to the success of the Group.

Non-Executive Directors are appointed on a contract with a three-month notice period and may be awarded fees in relation to the Board and
committee meetings attended. Any fee awards to Non-Executive Directors are determined by the Board. Non-Executive Directors do not participate
in the Company’s share option scheme and do not receive the benefit of pension contributions.

The Group made contributions to externally administered defined contribution pension schemes for two Executive Directors.

The interests of the Directors at 31 December 2018 in the shares of the Company were as follows:

Name

M C Rose

M A Rowse

N W Kirton

M M E Royde

Number of ordinary shares of 10p in Ingenta plc
31 December 2018

Number of ordinary shares of 10p in Ingenta plc
31 December 2017

4,645,412

440,277

44,250

4,526,754

4,645,412

440,277

44,250

4,514,254

M M E Royde is a partner of Kestrel Partners LLP

Directors’ interests
The Directors at 31 December 2018 had an interest in 48,333 options over the ordinary shares. The Directors had no post-employment benefits,
other long-term benefits, termination benefits or share-based payments in the year.

The market price of the Company’s shares at the end of the year was 88.5p and the price ranged in the year between 88.5p and 140.0p.

Directors’ remuneration

Name

D R Montgomery

G S Winner

J R Sheffield

M C Rose

M A Rowse

N W Kirton

M M E Royde

B H Holmström

Salary
and
fees
£’000

Benefits
£’000

Sums paid to
a third-party
for Directors’
services
£’000

Pension
contribution
£’000

Total
remuneration
£’000

Group
National
Insurance
costs
£’000

2018 Total
cost of
employment
£’000

2017 Total
remuneration
£’000

2017 Total
cost of
employment
£’000

233

135

466

181

239

142

663

255

159

704

216

244

473

518

D R Montgomery resigned on 22 August 2018.
G S Winner was appointed on 31 October 2018.

On behalf of the Remuneration Committee.

M C Rose
Chairman
29 March 2019

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Independent auditor’s report to the members of
Ingenta plc

Opinion

Our opinion on the financial statements is unmodified

We have audited the financial statements of Ingenta plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the ‘group’) for the year ended 31 December
2018 which comprise the Group statement of comprehensive income, the Group statement of financial position, the Group statement of changes
in equity, the Group statement of cash flows, the Company statement of financial position, the Company statement of changes in equity, the
Company statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial
reporting framework that has been applied in the preparation of the group financial statements is applicable law and International Financial
Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in
accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.

In our opinion:

•

•
•

•

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs as at 31 December 2018
and of the group’s loss for the year then ended;
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union;
the parent company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and as
applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those
standards are further described in the ‘Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements’ section of our report. We are independent
of the group and the parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the
UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these
requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the ISAs (UK) require us to report to you where:

•
•

the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is not appropriate; or
the directors have not disclosed in the financial statements any identified material uncertainties that may cast significant doubt about the
group’s or the parent company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting for a period of at least twelve months from
the date when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Overview of our audit approach

• We performed a full scope audit over Ingenta plc(the “parent”), Ingenta UK, Vista International Limited,
and Vista North America Holdings Limited, and we performed targeted audit procedures for group
purposes for Ingenta Inc and PCG Inc.

• Overall group materiality: £240,000, which represents 2% of the group’s revenue
•

Key audit matters were identified as Revenue Recognition and Impairment of Intangible Assets.

Key audit matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the
current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) that we identified. These
matters included those that had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of
the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion
thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key Audit Matter for the Group

How the matter was addressed in the audit

Revenue recognition
Group Revenues of £12,001,000 have been recognised in the year
ended 31 December 2018, arising substantially from the sale of
services.

Revenue is the most significant item in the Group statement of
comprehensive income and impacts a number of key performance
indicators, and key strategic indicators set out in the Chief
Executive’s Statement and Strategic Report.

We therefore identified revenue recognition as a significant risk,
which was one of the most significant assessed risks of material
misstatement.

The risk in this area was considered to have two elements:

Incorrect application of IFRS 15 ‘Revenue’, since this is the
first year of adoption; and
Implementation revenue, due to the judgement exercised
in the estimation of completion on such projects. Total
implementation revenue was £436,000, recognised within
consulting services.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to:
•

Assessing the group’s accounting policy against the
requirements of IFRS 15 for Contract Based Revenue (Hosting,
License and Maintenance), PCG Revenue, Time Based Revenue
and Implementation Revenue.
Reading revenue contracts and discussing with management to
confirm our understanding of the performance obligations for
each revenue stream.
For Contract Based Revenue, testing a sample of individual
revenue items during the year, by:
•

agreeing the selected items to underlying contractual
agreements, the related remittance advice or cash
received, and communications between the project
manager and customer to support delivery of the service;
and
recalculating any accrued or deferred revenue.

•
For Time Based Revenue, testing a sample of individual revenue
items during the year by agreeing the selected items to the
underlying contractual agreement and the time spent per time
sheet.
For PCG Revenue, testing all PCG Revenue by:
•

agreeing the amount recognised to invoices and bank
receipts; and
recalculating the related accrued income.

•
For Implementation Revenue, testing the entire population by
agreeing to contract, discussing with project managers to
understand the status of each project and the assessments
made regarding stage of completion and corroborating those
discussions with confirmations from customers of the work
performed.
Assessing the design effectiveness of controls.

•

Key Observations
Our testing did not identify any significant deficiencies in the design
effectiveness of controls which would require us to amend the
nature or scope of our planned detailed testing. Overall, based on
our audit work, we found that the estimates applied resulted in an
appropriate amount of revenue recognised in the Statement of
Comprehensive Income and accrued and deferred revenue within
the Statement of Financial Position. We found no errors in
calculations.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Impairment of Intangible Assets
Management are required to make an annual assessment to
determine whether the Group’s goodwill and intangible assets,
which are valued at £4,582,000 in the Group statement of financial
position, are impaired.

The process for assessing whether impairments exists under
International Accounting Standard (IAS) 36 ‘Impairments of assets’ is
complex. The process of determining the value in use, through
forecasting cash flows related to cash generating units (CGUs) and
the determination of the appropriate discount rate and other
assumptions to be applied can be highly judgemental and can
significantly impact the results of the impairment review.

We therefore identified the goodwill and intangible assets
impairment review as a significant risk, which was one of the most
significant assessed risks of material misstatement.

Our audit work included, but was not restricted to:
• Obtaining management’s assessment of the relevant CGUs

used in the impairment calculation (covering a five year period)
and ensuring that assessment reflected our understanding of
the business units and operating structure of the group,
recalculating of the arithmetical accuracy of management’s
impairment analysis.
Performing sensitivity analysis to assess the impact of possible
different assumptions utilised in the impairment models
included growth rates, and discount rates to assess what it
would take to result in an impairment against each CGU.
Testing the accuracy of management’s forecasting through a
comparison of budget to actual data and historical variance
trends and checking the cash flows for exceptional or unusual
items or assumptions
Ensuring the detailed disclosure to ensure information provided
in the financial statements is compliant with the requirements
of IAS 36 and consistent with the results of the impairment
review.

•

The group’s accounting policy to “Review of the test Goodwill
annually for impairment and ensure it is carried at cost less
accumulated impairment loss” is shown on page 32

Key observations
Based on the calculated present value of
future cash flows over the next five years, an impairment of £576,000
was recorded relating to PCG’s CGU.

On the basis of the audit work performed on the calculations and
forecasts used by management there have been no material
misstatements identified within either the goodwill balances or other
intangible assets recognised in the group statement of financial
position.

Our application of materiality
We define materiality as the magnitude of misstatement in the financial statements that makes it probable that the economic decisions of a
reasonably knowledgeable person would be changed or influenced. We use materiality in determining the nature, timing and extent of our audit
work and in evaluating the results of that work.

Materiality was determined as follows:

Materiality Measure
Financial statements as a whole

Performance materiality used to drive the
extent of our testing

Communication of misstatements to the
audit committee

Group
£240,000 which is 2% of revenue. This
benchmark is considered the most
appropriate because it is a stable and
prominent key performance indicator.

Materiality for the current year is lower than
the level that we determined for the year
ended 31 December 2017 because revenue is
£2,695,000 lower in 2018 than 2017.

Parent
£100,000 which was 1% of equity in the
draft figures presented for audit. This
benchmark is considered the most
appropriate because the entity is a
holding company.

Materiality for the current year is lower
than the level that we determined for the
year ended 31 December 2017 because
equity is £633,000 lower in 2018
compared to 2017.

75% of financial statement materiality.

£12,000 and misstatements below that
threshold that, in our view, warrant reporting
on qualitative grounds.

£5,000 and misstatements below that
threshold that, in our view, warrant
reporting on qualitative grounds.

The graph below illustrates how performance materiality interacts with our overall materiality and the tolerance for potential uncorrected
misstatements.

Overall materiality - group

Overall materiality - parent

25%

75%

Tolerance for potential
uncorrected mistatements

Performance materiality

25%

75%

An overview of the scope of our audit
Our audit approach was a risk-based approach founded on a thorough understanding of the group's business, its environment and risk profile and
in particular included the following procedures:
•
•

Evaluating the Group’s internal control environment;
Performing process walkthroughs and documenting the controls covering all of the Key Audit Matters and Other Risks , to assess the design
effectiveness of controls;
A full scope audit of the financial statements of the Ingenta plc (“parent” company), Ingenta UK, Vista International Limited, and Vista North
America Holdings Limited. Vista International Limited and Vista North America Limited both holding companies recognised within the group
financial statements.
Targeted audit procedures, most significantly in respect of revenue, for group purposes for Ingenta Inc and PCG Inc for the purpose of forming
a group opinion;
No procedures have been performed covering Beijing Ingenta Digital Publishing Technology Limited, the joint venture in China, as this asset
has been written down to zero in the year.

•

Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than
the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except
to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the
other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be
materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is
a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed,
we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Our opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 is unmodified
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
•

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is
consistent with the financial statements; and
the strategic report and the directors’ report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

•

Matters on which we are required to report under the Companies Act 2006
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we
have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our
opinion:

•

•
•
•

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from
branches not visited by us; or
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Responsibilities of directors for the financial statements
As explained more fully in the directors’ responsibilities statement set out on page 18, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the
financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to
enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going
concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either
intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether
due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a
guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise
from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic
decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at:
www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit
work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report
and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and
the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Mark Bishop ACA
Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf of Grant Thornton UK LLP
Statutory Auditor, Chartered Accountants
Oxford
29 March 2019

Group statement of comprehensive income

note

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

12,001

(7,258)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

14,695

(9,071)

4,743

5,624

(1,074)

(4,894)

(1,225)

(8)

(1,233)

407

(826)

(31)

(1,253)

(3,441)

930

(99)

(31)

800

185

985

(857)

1,062

(4.88)

5.82

5.78

Group revenue

Cost of sales

Gross profit

Sales and marketing expenses

Administrative expenses

(Loss) / profit from operations

Share of loss from equity accounted investments

Finance costs

(Loss) / profit before income tax

Income tax

(Loss) / profit for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent

Other comprehensive expenses which will be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations

Total comprehensive (loss) / income for the year attributable to equity holders of the
parent

Basic (loss) / earnings per share (pence)

Diluted (loss) / earnings per share (pence)

All activities are classified as continuing.

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Group statement of financial position

Non-current assets
Goodwill
Other intangible assets
Property, plant and equipment
Investments accounted for using the equity method

Current assets
Trade and other receivables
Investments classified as held for sale
Research and Development tax credit receivable
Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity
Share capital
Share Premium
Merger reserve
Reverse acquisition reserve
Share option reserve
Translation reserve
Retained earnings
Investment in own shares
Total equity

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings
Deferred tax liability
Finance leases

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Deferred income
Borrowings

Total liabilities
Total equity and liabilities

note

10
11
12
3

13
3,14
8
15

17
18
19

31 Dec 18
£’000

31 Dec 17
£’000

31 Dec 16
£’000

4,324
258
218
-
4,800

4,627
-
336
1,323
6,286
11,086

1,692
-
11,055
(5,228)
16
(876)
(1,505)
-
5,154

-
52
52
104

2,723
3,105
-
5,828

5,932
11,086

4,900
358
140
-
5,398

4,688
320
180
2,131
7,319
12,717

1,692
8,999
11,055
(5,228)
51
(845)
(9,424)
-
6,300

-
72
8
80

3,394
2,943
-
6,337

6,417
12,717

4,900
458
203
368
5,929

5,385
-
150
2,027
7,562
13,491

1,692
8,999
11,055
(5,228)
-
(871)
(10,240)
-
5,407

-
92
35
127

4,349
3,608
-
7,957

8,084
13,491

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 March 2019 and were signed on its behalf by:

J R Sheffield
Director

G S Winner
Director

Registered number: 00837205
The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Group statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 31 December 2018

Share
capital
£’000

Share
premium
£’000

Merger
reserve
£’000

Reverse
acquisition
reserve
£’000

Translation
reserve
£’000

Retained
earnings
£’000

Share
option
reserve
£’000

Total
attributable
to owners
of parent
£’000

Balance at 1 January 2018

1,692

8,999

11,055

(5,228)

(845)

(9,424)

(31)

(254)

8,999

8,745

(826)

(35)

6,300

(254)

(35)

(289)

(826)

(31)

(857)

11,055

(5,228)

(876)

(1,505)

5,154

Dividends paid

Capital reconstruction (note
21)

Share options lapsed in the
year

Transactions with owners

Loss for the year

Exchange differences on
translation foreign
operations
Total comprehensive
expense for the year
Balance at 31 December
2018

1,692

(8,999)

For the year ended 31 December 2017

Share
capital
£’000

Share
premium
£’000

Merger
reserve
£’000

Reverse
acquisition
reserve
£’000

Translation
reserve
£’000

Retained
earnings
£’000

Share
option
reserve
£’000

Total
attributable
to owners
of parent
£’000

Balance at 1 January 2017

1,692

8,999

11,055

(5,228)

(871)

(10,240)

Dividends paid

Reclassification of share
option reserve

Transactions with owners

Profit for the year

Exchange differences on
translation foreign
operations
Total comprehensive
income for the year
Balance at 31 December
2017

(169)

(51)

(169)

985

5,407

(169)

985

1,062

1,692

8,999

11,055

(5,228)

(845)

(9,424)

6,300

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Group statement of cash flows

note

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

(1,233)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

800

(Loss) / profit before taxation

Adjustments for

Share of loss from Joint Venture

Impairment of intangibles

Depreciation

Profit on disposal of fixed assets

Interest expense

Unrealised foreign exchange differences

Decrease in trade and other receivables

Decrease in trade and other payables

Cash (outflow) / inflow from operations

Research and Development tax credit received

Tax paid

Net cash (outflow) / inflow from operating activities

Cash flow from investing activities

Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of cash acquired

Purchase of property, plant and equipment

Net cash used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities

Interest paid

Payment of finance lease liabilities

Dividend paid

Costs of capital restructure

Net cash used in financing activities

Net (decrease) / increase in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Exchange difference on cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

15, 23

896

227

(2)

(31)

(195)

(269)

235

(6)

(40)

(248)

(61)

(309)

(8)

(162)

(254)

(31)

(455)

(804)

2,131

(4)

1,323

250

697

(1,552)

351

143

(8)

486

(91)

(31)

(95)

(169)

(295)

100

2,027

2,131

Notes to the Group financial statements

For the year ended 31 December 2018

General information and nature of operations
Ingenta plc (the ‘Company’) and its subsidiaries (together the ‘Group’) is a
provider of content management, advertising and Commercial enterprise
solutions and services to publishers, information providers, academic libraries
and institutions. The nature of the Group’s operations and its principal activities
are set out in the Chairman’s statement and Group Strategic report.

The Company is incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act
2006. The Company’s registration number is 00837205 and its registered office
is 8100 Alec Issigonis Way, Oxford, OX4 2HU. The consolidated financial
statements were authorised by the Board of Directors for issue on 29 March
2019.

1. Principal accounting policies

New Standards adopted as at 1 January 2018

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’
IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ and the related ‘Clarifications
to IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ (hereinafter referred to as
‘IFRS 15’) replace IAS 18 ‘Revenue’, IAS 11 ‘Construction Contracts’, and several
revenue-related interpretations. In accordance with the transition guidance,
IFRS 15 has only been applied to contracts that are incomplete as at 1 January
2018.

The adoption of the standard and its comparison to the Group’s old policies
and revenue streams is detailed below:

Recognition of Ingenta Connect Revenue (within the Content products
division):
Ingenta Connect revenues comprise ‘Hosted services’ and ‘Consulting Services’
revenue.

Hosted Services:
Hosted services include annual fees for hosting publishers’ content on the
Ingenta Connect platform and revenues from document delivery under pay-
per-view access, clearance and digitisation services.

The recognition of hosting revenues remains unchanged and is recognised over
time. The contracts are clearly defined with a price to host customers content
on Ingenta Connect over a contracted term.

The performance obligation is to host content over a fixed term, the price for
which is recognised evenly over the period content is hosted on Ingenta
Connect.

Pay per view revenues continue to be recognised at a point in time when the
documents are delivered to a customer. The performance obligation is to
deliver content to an end user and facilitate a transfer of funds.

Consulting Services:
Consulting services includes revenues from the processing of e-journal content
and ongoing services.

These fees are based on a per article charge and continue to be recognised at a
point in time when the article is processed, and the performance obligation is
satisfied. The performance obligation is to convert a specified piece of content
into a format suitable for ingestion onto the Ingenta Connect platform.

Recognition of Ingenta Commercial products, Ingenta CMS (within the
Content products division), and Ingenta Advertising:
Revenues from these divisions comprise ‘Licences’, ‘Consulting Services’, Hosted
Services’, ‘Managed Services’ and ‘Support and Upgrade’ revenue.

Licences:
Licences can be sold as perpetual or under a software as a service (SaaS)
agreement.
Perpetual software licence revenue continues to be recognised at a point in

time if there are no associated implementation requirements. This will only be
the case where an existing customer purchases additional licences to increase
the number of users on an existing installed software system.

Where perpetual software licences require consulting services to make the
licences usable, the licence revenue continues to be linked to the consulting
services and is recognised over the period of the associated consulting services
on a percentage complete basis. The software is deployed immediately onto
the customer network and consulting services are used to perform integration
work which enhances the software’s functionality. The customer has benefit
from the software over the implementation and gains increased benefit as the
functionality extends. The percentage complete assessment is made by
reference to the estimated project days in the project planning documentation,
amended for project change requests and the days worked on the project to
the year end.

For SaaS licence arrangements, licences are deemed a right to access and
revenue is recognised over time and taken in equal instalments over the period
of the contract from the point the software is functional. This treatment is the
same under both standards.

Consulting Services:
Revenue recognition from long term contracts within consulting services
depends on the contractual terms.

Fixed price consulting contracts continue to be recognised over time on the
percentage of completion method. This is assessed by reference to the
estimated project days in the project planning documentation, amended for
project change requests and the days worked on the project to the year end.
The performance obligation is to provide man time to deliver a specified level
of functionality within the software. The customer has access to the software
throughout the consulting phase and gets benefit from the consulting work as
functionality is expanded over time.

Other consulting services contracts are on a time and materials basis and
revenue continues to be recognised over time as work is performed. The
amount of revenue is calculated by the number of days worked at the
contracted day rate. As under a fixed price contract, the customer has access to
the software during the implementation phase and gets benefit from the
consulting services as functionality is expanded over time.

Hosted Services, Managed Services and Support and Upgrade:
Revenues collected or billed in advance for hosted services, managed services
and support and upgrade revenue continue to be recorded as deferred income
and recognised evenly over the period to which the service relates. In all cases,
the performance obligation is to provide a service evenly over a contracted
period of time.

Recognition of PCG Revenues:
Ingenta’s PCG division earns revenue from providing services to Publishers and
Content providers. Some revenue is charged as a retainer for services provided
throughout the period. These revenues continue to be recognised over time as
the performance obligation is to provide a dedicated sales representative over
a contracted period.

Some revenues are earned on a commission basis associated with selling
publishers’ content. This revenue continues to be recognised at a point in time
when commission is earned which contractually is when PCG’s publishing
customer invoices the end user for the services sold by PCG. In some cases,
PCG invoices the end user on behalf of the customer for the services sold by
PCG and records PCG’s commission when the invoice is issued as agreed in the
contract. Where any sales representation and cash collection services are
incorporated into the contract the work involved is minimal and does not affect
recognition of commission.

Some further revenues are based on performing surveys for publishers. These
revenues are based on a fixed number of calls at an agreed rate per call.
Revenue continues to be recognised at a point in time on a per call completed
basis in the period the calls were made.
IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’
IFRS9 will supersede IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and
Measurement’ and is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

January 2018. IFRS 9 covers classification and measurement of financial assets
and financial liabilities, impairment of financial assets and hedge accounting.

The Group has not identified any adjustments required under the transition to
IFRS 9.

Going concern
The accounts are prepared on a going concern basis. In assessing whether the
going concern assumption is appropriate, management have taken into
account all relevant available information about the future including revenue,
profit and cash forecast and management’s ability to affect costs and revenues.

Management regularly forecast profit, financial position and cash flows for the
Group. The rolling annual forecast is normally updated monthly.

Management have reviewed forecast costs for reasonableness against prior
years and with knowledge of expected movements and concluded that forecast
costs are robust.

As at 31 December 2018 the Group had net current assets of £0.5m (2017:
£0.9m), of which £3.1m (2017: £2.9m) relates to deferred income which will be
recognised in the year ending 31 December 2019.

The Group has positive cash balances of £1.3m as at 31 December 2018 (2017:
£2.1m). The Group held linked accounts with HSBC such that any facility was
based on the net balance of all accounts taken together. Management have
assured themselves that cash is sufficient for the needs of the business based
on the cash flow forecast.

The major risks for future trading are the uptake of new generation products
Ingenta CMS and the Commercial product suite (Ingenta Rights, Royalties,
Product Manager and Order to Cash), which to some extent is reliant on the
macro-economy and the willingness of data providers to commit to capital
expenditure projects.

There is a strong sales pipeline for all new generation products which gives the
Board confidence that the forecast for 2019 is achievable. It is therefore
considered appropriate to use the going concern basis to compile these
financial statements.

Basis of preparation
The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these
consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been
consistently applied to all years presented.

The accounting policies applied have been applied consistently throughout the
Ingenta Group. The financial statements have been prepared under the
historical cost convention.

Statement of compliance
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the
European Union. The accounting policies set out below have been applied
consistently to all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements.

Significant management judgements in applying accounting policies
The following are the significant management judgements used in applying the
accounting policies of the Group that have the most significant effect on the
financial statements.

Consulting service revenue
Please refer to the Revenue section of the accounting policies note for detailed
disclosure.

Support and upgrade revenue
Please refer to the Revenue section of the accounting policies note for detailed
disclosure.

Deferred tax assets
The assessment of the probability of future taxable income against which
deferred tax assets can be utilised is based on the Group’s latest approved
forecast, which is adjusted for significant non-taxable income and expenses and
specific limits to the use of any unused tax loss or credit. The tax rules in the
numerous jurisdictions in which the Group operates are also carefully taken into
consideration. If a positive forecast of taxable income indicates the probable
use of a deferred tax asset, especially when it can be utilised without a time
limit, that deferred tax asset is usually recognised in full. The recognition of
deferred tax assets that are subject to certain legal or economic limits or
uncertainties are assessed individually by management based on the specific
facts and circumstances.

Research and development expenditure
Research and development expenditure is fully written off to the Group
Statement of Comprehensive Income as costs are incurred. The Board have
taken into account the inherent risks in all research and development
expenditure and specifically the expenditure being incurred by the business in
the year and have concluded that the requirements of IAS 38 to capitalise
development expenditure have not been met.

Intangible assets and fair value on acquisition
Software technology acquired in a business combination that qualify for
separate recognition are recognised as intangible assets at their fair values. For
further details see the Intangible asset section of the accounting policies note.

Research and Development tax credits
Research and Development tax credits are recognised on an accruals basis as in
prior years. The basis of calculation is consistent with prior years, taking into
account current legislation, which has been accepted by HMRC.

Investments classified as held for sale
In the 2017 financial statements, the Group outlined it has been actively
engaged in discussions to sell or dispose of its shareholding in the Chinese
Joint Venture and had reclassified it as an asset held for sale. These discussions
are ongoing, but the Board does not believe a deal is imminent and have
subsequently reclassified the Group’s holding in the Joint Venture as an
investment. Given the inherent uncertainty around valuing a Chinese non-listed,
minority shareholding combined with flat earnings and an increasingly
uncertain mechanism to repatriate funds, the Group have decided to fully
impair the investment. The Group’s strategy going forward is to concentrate on
its core product set and given the lack of control it exerts over the Joint
Venture, it will not continue to consolidate results into the Group.

Estimation uncertainty
When preparing the financial statements management make a number of
estimates and assumptions about recognition and measurement of assets,
liabilities, income and expenses. The actual results are likely to differ from the
judgements, estimates and assumptions made by management, and will
seldom equal the estimated results. Information about the significant
judgements, estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on
the recognition and measurement of assets, liabilities, income and expenses are
discussed on the following pages.

Impairment
An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which an asset’s, or cash
generating unit’s, carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. To
determine the recoverable amount, management estimates expected future
cash flows from each asset, or cash-generating unit, and determines a suitable
pre-tax discount rate in order to calculate the present value of those cash flows.
In the process of measuring expected future cash flows management makes
assumptions about future gross profits. These assumptions relate to future
events and circumstances. The actual results may vary and may cause
significant adjustments to the Group’s assets within the next financial year. In
most cases, determining the applicable discount rate involves estimating the
appropriate adjustment to market risk and the appropriate adjustment to asset-
specific risk factors. See note 10 for details of the review.

Fair value of financial instruments
Management uses valuation techniques in measuring the fair value of financial
instruments, where active market quotes are not available. Details of the
assumptions used are given in the notes regarding financial assets and
liabilities. In applying the valuation techniques management makes maximum
use of market inputs, and uses estimates and assumptions that are, as far as

possible, consistent with observable data that market participants would use in
pricing the instrument. Where applicable data is not observable, management
uses its best estimate about the assumptions that market participants would
make. These estimates may vary from the actual prices that would be achieved
in an arm’s length transaction at the reporting date.

Basis of consolidation
The Group financial statements consolidate those of the parent Company and
all of its subsidiaries as of 31 December 2018. All subsidiaries have a reporting
date of 31 December.

All transactions and balances between Group companies are eliminated on
consolidation, including unrealised gains and losses on transactions between
Group companies. Where unrealised losses on intra-group asset sales are
reversed on consolidation, the underlying asset is also tested for impairment
from a Group perspective. Amounts reported in the financial statements of
subsidiaries have been adjusted where necessary to ensure consistency with the
accounting policies adopted by the Group.

Profit or loss and other comprehensive income of subsidiaries acquired or
disposed of during the year are recognised from the effective date of
acquisition, or up to the effective date of disposal, as applicable.

The Group attributes total comprehensive income or loss of subsidiaries
between the owners of the parent and the non-controlling interests based on
their respective ownership interests.

of assets less their estimated residual value over their estimated useful lives, as
follows:

Leasehold improvements
Computer equipment
Fixtures, fittings and equipment

Over the term of the lease
3 years
5 years

The residual value and the useful life of each asset are reviewed at least at each
financial year-end and, if expectations differ from previous estimates, the
change(s) are accounted for as a change in an accounting estimate.

Disposal of assets
The gain or loss arising on the disposal or retirement of an asset is determined
as the difference between the sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the
asset and is recognised within profit or loss within the Group Statement of
Comprehensive Income.

Intangible assets

Goodwill
Goodwill arising on consolidation represents the excess of the cost of
acquisition over the Group’s interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets
and liabilities of a subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill is tested
annually for impairment and is carried at cost less accumulated impairment
losses. Impairment losses are recognised immediately in the income statement
and are not subsequently reversed.

Unrealised gains on transactions between the Group and its subsidiaries are
eliminated. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides
evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Goodwill arising on acquisitions before the date of transition to IFRS has been
retained at the previous UK GAAP amounts subject to being tested for
impairment at that date and at least annually thereafter.

The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated
financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that
control ceases.

On disposal of a subsidiary, the attributable net book value of goodwill is
included in the determination of the profit or loss on disposal.

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are dealt with by the purchase method. The
purchase method involves the recognition at fair value of all identifiable assets
and liabilities, including contingent liabilities of the subsidiary, at the acquisition
date, regardless of whether or not they were recorded in the financial
statements of the subsidiary prior to acquisition. The acquisition cost is
calculated as the sum of the acquisition date fair values of the assets transferred
by the acquirer and excludes any transaction costs. On initial recognition, the
assets and liabilities of the subsidiary are included in the consolidated
statement of financial position at their fair values, which are also used as the
bases for subsequent measurement in accordance with the Group accounting
policies. Goodwill is stated after separating out identifiable intangible assets.
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the
Group’s share of the identifiable net assets of the acquired subsidiary at the
date of acquisition.

Investments in Joint Ventures are initially recognised at cost and subsequently
accounted for using the equity method. Any goodwill or fair value adjustment
attributable to the Group’s share in the Joint Venture is not recognised
separately and is included in the amount recognised as investment in Joint
Ventures. The carrying amount of the investment in Joint Ventures is increased
or decreased to recognise the Group’s share of the profit or loss and other
comprehensive income of the Joint Venture, adjusted where necessary to
ensure consistency with the accounting policies of the Group. Unrealised gains
and losses on transactions between the Group and its Joint Ventures are
eliminated to the extent of the Group’s interest in those entities. Where
unrealised losses are eliminated, the underlying asset is also tested for
impairment.

Share options
The Group operates an unapproved Executive Management Incentive (EMI)
Share Option plan. £35K (2017: £1K charge) has been recognised during the
year as a reduction of the fair value of the options. Full details are in note 22.

Property, plant and equipment

Cost
Property, plant and equipment is stated at cost, net of depreciation and any
provision for impairment.
Depreciation
Depreciation is calculated using the straight - line method to allocate the cost

Technology based intellectual property
Intangible assets relating to the technology acquired from business
combinations that qualify for separate recognition are recognised as intangible
assets at their fair value. The assets are valued using a discounted cash flow
model for the revenues they will generate over the next 5 years.
The asset is amortised on a straight-line basis over a 5 year period. Residual
values and useful lives are reviewed at each reporting date. Amortisation is
included within depreciation, amortisation and impairment of non-financial
assets.

Impairment of intangibles and property, plant and equipment
For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest
levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating
units). As a result, some assets are tested individually for impairment and some
are tested at cash-generating unit level. Goodwill is allocated to those cash-
generating units that are expected to benefit from synergies of the related
business combination and represent the lowest level within the Group at which
management monitors the related goodwill.

Goodwill, other individual assets or cash-generating units that include goodwill
and other intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for
impairment at least annually. All other individual assets or cash-generating units
are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Group becomes
a party to the contractual provisions of the financial instrument.

Financial assets are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows
from the financial asset expire, or when the financial asset and all substantial
risks and rewards are transferred. A financial liability is derecognised when it is
extinguished, discharged, cancelled or expires.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are measured initially at fair value plus
transactions costs, except for financial assets and financial liabilities carried at
fair value through profit or loss, which are measured initially at fair value.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are measured subsequently as described
herein.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Financial assets
The Group classifies its financial assets as ‘loans and receivables’ and ‘available
for sale’. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial
assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial
assets at initial recognition.

The Group assesses at the date of each Statement of Financial Position whether
there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is
impaired.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or
determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are
included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after
the Statement of Financial Position date, which are classified as non-current
assets. Loans and receivables are classified as ‘trade and other receivables’ in
the Statement of Financial Position.

Trade receivables
Trade receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently
measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method; less provision
for impairment. A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established
when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all
amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables. Significant
financial difficulty, high probability of bankruptcy or a financial reorganisation
and default are considered indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The
amount of the provision is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount
and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at original
effective interest rate. The loss is recognised in the Group Statement of
Comprehensive Income within ‘Sales and marketing expenses’. When a trade
receivable is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account for
trade receivables. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are
credited against ‘Sales and marketing expenses’ in the Group Statement of
Comprehensive Income.

Available for sale financial assets
Available for sale financial assets are non-derivative financial assets that are
either designated in this category or are not classified in any other category.
They are included in non-current assets unless management intends to dispose
of the investment within 12 months of the Statement of Financial Position date.

On initial recognition, financial assets are measured at fair value plus
transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the
financial assets. After initial recognition, financial assets are measured at fair
value, without any deduction of transaction costs.

Gains and losses arising from changes in the fair value of a financial asset are
recognised in other comprehensive income, except for impairment losses.
When securities classified as available for sale are sold or impaired, the
accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity are reclassified from
equity to profit or loss.

The fair values of quoted investments are based on current bid prices. If the
market for a financial asset is not active the Group establishes fair value by
using valuation techniques. These include the use of recent arm’s length
transactions, reference to other instruments that are substantially the same,
discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models making maximum use
of market inputs and relying as little as possible on entity specific inputs.

unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months
after the reporting date.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and demand deposits
together with other short term highly liquid investments that are readily
convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an
insignificant risk of changes in value. Cash and cash equivalents include bank
overdrafts as they are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the
Group’s cash management. The Group’s banking facility is all with one bank
(HSBC) and the accounts are linked such that any facility limit is based on the
net balance of all accounts.

Equity
Share capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued.

The translation reserve within equity relates to foreign currency translation
differences arising on the translation of the Group’s foreign entities.

Retained earnings include all current and prior year retained profits and losses.

Reverse acquisition reserve and merger reserve represent balances arising on
the acquisition of Ingenta plc in 2007. The IFRS 3 acquisition adjustment reflects
the entries required under reverse acquisition accounting, whereby
consolidated shareholders’ funds comprise the capital structure of the legal
parent combined with the reserves of the legal subsidiary and the post-
acquisition reserves of the parent.

Where any Group company purchases the Company’s equity share capital
(treasury shares), the consideration paid, including any directly attributable
incremental costs (net of income taxes) is deducted from equity attributable to
the Company’s equity holders until the shares are cancelled or reissued. Where
such shares are subsequently sold or reissued, any consideration received, net
of any directly attributable incremental transactions costs and the related
income tax effect, is included in equity attributable to the Company’s equity
holders.

Revenue
Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for
the sale of goods and services in the ordinary course of the Group’s activities.
Revenue is shown net of value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts after
eliminating sales within the Group.

To determine whether to recognise revenue, the Group follows a 5-step
process:

1 Identifying the contract with a customer
2 Identifying the performance obligations
3 Determining the transaction price
4 Allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations
5 Recognising revenue when/as performance obligation(s) are satisfied.

The Group often enters into transactions involving a range of the Group’s
products and services, for example for the delivery of licences, consulting
services, hosting services, managed services and support and upgrade services.
These services and performance obligations are separately identifiable and
contracted for allowing a reasonable allocation of price to each component.

Financial liabilities
The Group’s financial liabilities include borrowing and trade and other payables.

Revenue is recognised either at a point in time or over time, when (or as) the
Group satisfies performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or
services to its customers.

Trade payables
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured
at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs
incurred. Borrowings are subsequently stated at amortised cost; any difference
between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is
recognised within profit or loss within the Group Statement of Comprehensive
Income over the period of the borrowing using the effective interest method.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an

The Group recognises contract liabilities for consideration received in respect of
unsatisfied performance obligations and reports these amounts as other
liabilities in the statement of financial position. Similarly, if the Group satisfies a
performance obligation before it receives the consideration, the Group
recognises either a contract asset or a receivable in its statement of financial
position, depending on whether something other than the passage of time is
required before the consideration is due.

Where certain products are sold as multi element arrangements, the Group
evaluates the separability of the goods or services based on whether they are
distinct. A good or service is distinct if both:

•

the customer benefits from the item either on its own or together with
other readily available resources, and
it is ‘separately identifiable’ (i.e. the Group does not provide a significant
service integrating, modifying or customising it).

Recognition of Ingenta Connect Revenue (within the Content products
division):
Ingenta Connect revenues comprise ‘Hosted services’ and ‘Consulting Services’
revenue.

Hosted services:
Hosted services include annual fees for hosting publishers’ content on the
Ingenta Connect platform and revenues from document delivery under pay-
per-view access, clearance and digitisation services.

Hosting revenue is recognised over time with reference to the contracted
period. The performance obligation of hosting customers content on servers
does not materially change over time and is recognised evenly over the
contract period.

Pay per view revenue is recognised at a point in time when the documents are
delivered to a customer. The performance obligation is to deliver content to an
end user and facilitate a transfer of money for the purchase.

Consulting Services:
Consulting services includes revenues from the processing of e-journal content
and ongoing services.

The consulting fees are based on a per article charge and are recognised at a
point in time when the article is processed. The performance obligation is to
convert a specified piece of content into a format suitable for ingestion onto
the Ingenta Connect platform.

Licences:
Licences can be sold as perpetual or under a software as a service (SaaS)
agreement.

Perpetual software licence revenues are recognised at a point in time if there
are no associated implementation requirements. This will only be the case
where an existing customer purchases additional licences to increase the
number of users on an existing installed software system.

Where perpetual software licences require consulting services to make the
licences usable, the licence revenue is linked to the consulting services and is
recognised over the period of the associated consulting services on a
percentage complete basis. The software is deployed immediately onto the
customer network and consulting services are used to perform integration work
which enhances the software’s functionality. The customer has benefit from the
software over the implementation and gains increased benefit as the
functionality extends. The percentage complete assessment is made by
reference to the estimated project days in the project planning documentation,
amended for project change requests and the days worked on the project to
the year end.

For SaaS licence arrangements, licences are deemed to be a right to access and
revenue is recognised over time and taken in equal instalments over the period
of the contract from the point the software is functional.

Consulting Services:
Revenue recognition from long term contracts within consulting services
depends on the contractual terms.

Fixed price consulting contracts are recognised over time on the percentage of
completion method. This is assessed by reference to the estimated project days
in the project planning documentation, amended for project change requests
and the days worked on the project to the year end. The performance
obligation is to provide man time to deliver a specified level of functionality
within the software. The customer has access to the software throughout the
consulting phase and gets benefit from the consulting work as functionality is

expanded over time.

Other consulting services contracts are on a time and materials basis and
revenue is recognised over time as work is performed. The amount of revenue
is calculated by the number of days worked at the contracted day rate. As
under a fixed price contract, the customer has access to the software during the
implementation phase and gets benefit from the consulting services as
functionality is expanded over time.

Consulting services for a software implementation normally last for less than 12
months and payment terms are always in instalments during the period. As
such, the Group does not adjust the receivable amounts for the effects of
financing.

Hosted Services, Managed Services and Support and Upgrade:
Revenues collected or billed in advance for hosted services, managed services
and support and upgrade revenue are recorded as deferred income and
recognised evenly over the period to which the service relates. In all cases, the
performance obligation is to provide a service evenly over a contracted period
of time.

Recognition of PCG Revenues:
Ingenta’s PCG division earns revenue from providing services to Publishers and
Content providers. Some revenue is charged as a retainer for services provided
throughout the period. These revenues are recognised over time as the
performance obligation is to provide a dedicated sales representative over a
contracted period.

Some revenues are earned on a commission basis associated with selling
publishers’ content. This revenue is recognised at a point in time when
commission is earned which contractually is when PCG’s publishing customer
invoices the end user for the services sold by PCG. In some cases, PCG invoices
the end user on behalf of the customer for the services sold by PCG and
records PCG’s commission when the invoice is issued as agreed in the contract.
Where any sales representation and cash collection services are incorporated
into the contract the work involved is minimal and does not affect recognition
of commission.

Some further revenues are based on performing surveys for publishers. These
revenues are based on a fixed number of calls at an agreed rate per call.
Revenue is recognised at a point in time on a per call completed basis in the
period the calls were made.

Employee benefits

Pension obligations
The Group operates various pension schemes which are by nature defined
contribution plans. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which
the Group pays a fixed contribution into a separate entity. The Group has no
legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does
not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee
service in the current and prior periods. The Group does not operate a defined
benefit plan.

For defined contribution plans, the Group pays contributions to publicly or
privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory, contractual or
voluntary basis. The contributions are recognised as employee benefit expenses
when they are due.

Share-based employee remuneration
The Group operates equity-settled share-based remuneration plans for its
employees. None of the Group’s plans feature any options for a cash
settlement.

All goods and services received in exchange for the grant of any share- based
payment are measured at their fair values. Where employees are rewarded
using share-based payments, the fair values of employees’ services are
determined indirectly by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments
granted. This fair value is appraised at the grant date and excludes the impact
of non-market vesting conditions.
All share-based remuneration is ultimately recognised as an expense
in profit or loss. If vesting periods or other vesting conditions apply, the
expense is allocated over the vesting period, based on the best available
estimate of the number of share options expected to vest.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number
of options that are expected to become exercisable. Estimates are subsequently
revised, if there is any indication that the number of share options expected to
vest differs from previous estimates. Any cumulative adjustment prior to vesting
is recognised in the current period. No adjustment is made to any expense
recognised in prior periods if share options ultimately exercised are different to
that estimated on vesting.

Upon exercise of share options, the proceeds received net of any directly
attributable transaction costs up to the nominal value of the shares issued are
allocated to share capital with any excess being recorded as share premium.

Termination benefits
Termination benefits are payable when employment is terminated by the Group
before the normal retirement date or when an employee accepts voluntary
redundancy in exchange for these benefits. The Group recognises termination
benefits when it is demonstrably committed to either terminating the
employment according to a detailed formal plan without possibility of
withdrawal or to providing termination benefits as a result of an offer made to
encourage voluntary redundancy. Benefits falling due more than 12 months
after the reporting date are discounted to their present value.

Finance leases
The economic ownership of a leased asset is transferred to the lessee if the
lessee bears substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the leased
asset. Where the Group is a lessee in this type of arrangement, the related asset
is recognised at the inception of the lease at the fair value of the leased asset
or, if lower, the present value of the lease payments plus incidental payments, if
any. A corresponding amount is recognised as a finance lease liability. Leases of
land and buildings are classified separately and are split into a land and a
building element, in accordance with the relative fair values of the leasehold
interests at the date the asset is recognised initially.

The depreciation methods and useful lives for assets held under finance leases
are described under “Property, Plant and Equipment” herein. The
corresponding finance lease liability is reduced by lease payments net of
finance charges. The interest element of lease payments represents a constant
proportion of the outstanding capital balance and is charged to profit or loss,
as finance costs over the period of the lease.

Operating leases
Leases in which a significant risk and reward of ownership are retained by the
lessor are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases
are recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income on a
straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Lease incentives received are
recognised within profit or loss within the Group Statement of Comprehensive
Income as an integral part of the total lease expense and are spread on a
straight-line basis over the lease term.

Operating expenses
Operating expenses are recognised within profit or loss within the Group
Statement of Comprehensive Income upon utilisation of the service or at the
date of their origin.

Finance costs
Financing costs comprise interest payable, the amortisation of the costs of
acquiring finance and the unwinding of discounts that are recognised within
profit or loss within the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income. Interest
payable is recognised in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income as it
accrues, using the effective interest method.

Income taxes
The tax expense recognised within profit or loss within the Group Statement of
Comprehensive Income comprises the sum of deferred tax and current tax not
recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. Current
income tax assets and/or liabilities comprise those obligations to, or claims
from, fiscal authorities relating to the current or prior reporting periods, that are
unpaid at the reporting date. Current tax is payable on taxable profit, which
differs from profit or loss in the financial statements. Calculation of current tax is
based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively
enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Deferred income taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary

differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax
bases. However, deferred tax is not provided on the initial recognition of
goodwill, or on the initial recognition of an asset or liability unless the related
transaction is a business combination or affects tax or accounting profit.
Deferred tax on temporary differences associated with shares in subsidiaries
and Joint Ventures is not provided if reversal of these temporary differences
can be controlled by the Group and it is probable that reversal will occur in the
foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax
rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation,
provided they are enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting
period. Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will
be able to be utilised against future taxable income. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are offset only when the Group has a right and intention to set off
current tax assets and liabilities from the same taxation authority.

Changes in deferred tax assets or liabilities are recognised as a component of
tax income or expense in profit or loss, except where they relate to items that
are recognised in other comprehensive income (such as the revaluation of land)
or directly in equity, in which case the related deferred tax is also recognised in
other comprehensive income or equity, respectively.

Provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets
Provisions are recognised when present obligations as a result of a past event
will probably lead to an outflow of economic resources from the Group and
amounts can be estimated reliably. Timing or amount of the outflow may still
be uncertain. A present obligation arises from the presence of a legal or
constructive commitment that has resulted from past events, for example,
onerous contracts. Restructuring provisions are recognised only if a detailed
formal plan for the restructuring has been developed and implemented, or
management has at least announced the plan’s main features to those affected
by it. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.

Provisions are measured at the estimated expenditure required to settle the
present obligation, based on the most reliable evidence available at the
reporting date, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the present
obligation. Where there are a number of similar obligations, the likelihood that
an outflow will be required in settlement is determined by considering the class
of obligations as a whole. Provisions are discounted to their present values,
where the time value of money is material.

Any reimbursement that the Group can be virtually certain to collect from a
third-party with respect to the obligation is recognised as a separate asset.
However, this asset may not exceed the amount of the related provision. All
provisions are reviewed at each reporting date and adjusted to reflect the
current best estimate.

In those cases, where the possible outflow of economic resources as a result of
present obligations is considered improbable or remote, no liability is
recognised, unless it was assumed in the course of a business combination. In a
business combination, contingent liabilities are recognised in the course of the
allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities acquired in the
business combination. They are subsequently measured at the higher amount
of a comparable provision as described above and the amount initially
recognised, less any amortisation.

Possible inflows of economic benefits to the Group that do not yet meet the
recognition criteria of an asset are considered contingent assets.

Foreign currency
The consolidated financial statements are presented in Sterling (GBP), which is
also the functional currency of the parent Company.

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the
respective Group entity, using a monthly estimated rate set at the beginning of
each month. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement
of such transactions and from the remeasurement of monetary items at year-
end exchange rates are recognised in profit or loss. Non-monetary items
measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates at the date
of the transaction and not subsequently retranslated.

In the Group’s financial statements, all assets, liabilities and transactions of
Group entities with a functional currency other than Sterling are translated into
Sterling upon consolidation. The functional currencies of the entities in the
Group have remained unchanged during the reporting period. On
consolidation, assets and liabilities have been translated into Sterling at the
closing rate at the reporting date. Income and expenses have been translated
into the Group’s presentation currency at an approximation of the average rate
over the reporting period. Exchange differences are charged / credited to other
comprehensive income and recognised in the currency translation reserve in
equity. On disposal of a foreign operation the cumulative translation differences
recognised in equity are reclassified to profit or loss and recognised as part of
the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill and fair value adjustments arising on the
acquisition of a foreign entity have been treated as assets and liabilities of the
foreign entity and translated into Sterling at the closing rate.

Segmental reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal
reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker. The chief operating
decision-maker has been identified as the Executive Board, at which level
strategic decisions are made.

IFRS 8 “Operating segments” requires a ‘management approach’, under which
segment information is presented on the same basis as that used for internal
reporting purposes and reported in a manner which is more consistent with
internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-maker.

Standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that
are in issue but not effective for periods commencing on 1 January 2018
and have not been adopted early by the Group.
New standards and interpretations currently in issue but not effective based on
EU mandatory effective dates, for accounting periods commencing on 1 January
2019 are:

•

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ provides a new model for lessee accounting in which all
leases, other than short-term and small-ticket-item leases, will be
accounted for by the recognition on the balance sheet of a right-to-use
asset and a lease liability, and the subsequent amortisation of the right-to
use asset over the lease term. IFRS 16 will be effective for annual periods
beginning on or after 1 January 2019. Ingenta expects to adopt IFRS 16 on
1 January 2019 using the modified retrospective approach to transition
permitted by the standard in which the cumulative effect of initially
applying the standard is recognized in opening retained earnings at the
date of initial application. The group’s evaluation of the effect of adoption
of the standard is ongoing but it is expected that it will have a material
effect on the group’s financial statements, significantly increasing the
group’s recognized assets and liabilities. It is expected that the
presentation and timing of recognition of charges in the income
statement will also change as the operating lease expense currently
reported under IAS 17, typically on a straight-line basis, will be replaced
by depreciation of the right-to-use asset and interest on the lease liability.
Information on the group’s leases currently classified as operating leases,
which are not recognised on the balance sheet, is provided in Note 20.

Management anticipates that all of the pronouncements will be adopted in the
Group’s accounting policy for the first period beginning after the effective date
of the pronouncement.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

2. Revenue
An analysis of the Group’s revenue is detailed below by activity across the Group’s operating units:

Licences

Consulting Services

Hosted Services

Managed Services

Support and upgrade

PCG

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

2,522

3,648

2,099

2,338

1,367

12,001

169

4,036

4,134

2,395

2,589

1,372

14,695

An analysis of the Group’s revenue (excluding revenue of the equity accounted investment) by business division is as follows:

Ingenta Commercial product division

Ingenta Content products division

PCG

Ingenta Advertising

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

6,785

2,655

1,367

1,194

12,001

7,611

3,654

1,372

2,058

14,695

A geographical analysis of the Group’s revenue (excluding revenue of the equity accounted investment) is as follows:

USA

Rest of the World

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

4,487

5,331

2,183

12,001

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

6,126

6,293

2,276

14,695

Revenue is allocated to geographical locations based on the location of the customer. All business divisions are active in each of the geographic
areas.

3. Joint Venture / Investment
The Group holds a 49% voting and equity interest in Beijing Ingenta Digital Publishing Technology Limited (BIDPT) which was purchased during the
year to 31 December 2012.

BIDPT has a reporting date of 31 December. The shares are not publicly listed on a stock exchange and hence published price quotes are not
available.

Certain financial information on BIDPT is as follows:

Assets

Liabilities

Revenues

Profit / (loss)

Revenue attributable to the Group

Profit / (loss) attributable to the Group

Changes in equity accounted investments

Cost of 49% investment in BIDPT plus share of accumulated profit and loss

Retained (loss) / profit attributable to the Group

Other comprehensive income

Transfer to investments classified as held for sale

Investment book value

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

1,343

(690)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

1,481

(203)

726

(99)

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

368

(99)

(320)

Dividends are subject to the approval of at least 51% of all shareholders of BIDPT. The Group has received no dividends.

In the 2017 financial statements, the Group outlined it has been actively engaged in discussions to sell or dispose of its shareholding in the Chinese
Joint Venture and had reclassified it as an asset held for sale. These discussions are ongoing, but the Board does not believe a deal is imminent and
have subsequently reclassified the Group’s holding in the Joint Venture as an investment. Given the inherent uncertainty around valuing a Chinese
non-listed, minority shareholding combined with flat earnings and an uncertain mechanism to repatriate funds, the Group have decided to fully
impair the investment. The Group’s strategy going forward is to concentrate on its core product set and given the lack of control it exerts over the
Joint Venture, it will not continue to consolidate results into the Group.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

4. Operating segments
The following segment information has been prepared in accordance with IFRS 8, “Operating Segments”, which defines the requirements for the
disclosure of financial information of an entity’s operating segments. IFRS 8 follows the management approach, which is the basis for decision
making within the Group.

The Board consider the Group on a business division basis. Reports by business division are used by the chief decision-maker in the Group.
Significant operating segments are: Ingenta Commercial products; Ingenta Content products; PCG and Ingenta Advertising. This split of business
segments is based on the products and services each offer.

Ingenta Commercial products are enterprise level publishing management systems. Ingenta Content products help content providers sell their
content online. PCG provides consultancy services in sales and marketing to publishers. Ingenta Advertising provides a complete browser based
multimedia advertising, CRM and sales management platform for content providers.

The reported operating segments derive their revenues from the revenue streams reported in the revenue analysis in note 2. A further discussion of
revenue streams within each division is included on pages 4 to 9. All revenues are derived from trade with external parties.

Property, plant and equipment is held in the UK £157K (2017: £106K) and the USA £61K (2017: £34K).

Two customers contributed more than 10% of revenue (2017: two) and this amounted to £3,077K (2017: £3,502K). The Group’s operations are
located in the United Kingdom, North America, Brazil, Mexico, India, China and Australia. Any transactions between business divisions are on normal
commercial terms and conditions.

Segment information by business unit is presented below.

Year to 31 December 2018

External sales

Segment result (adjusted EBITDA, see note 5)

Depreciation

Unallocated corporate income

Restructuring

Foreign exchange gain

Impairment of intangibles

Operating loss

Finance costs

Loss before tax

Tax

Loss after tax

Other information

Statement of Financial Position

Assets

Attributable Goodwill and intangibles

Property, plant and equipment

Segment assets

Unallocated corporate assets

Consolidated total assets

Liabilities

Segment liabilities

Unallocated corporate liabilities

Consolidated total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Ingenta Commercial
products
£’000

Ingenta Content
products
£’000

6,785

1,659

(142)

2,655

(505)

(56)

PCG
£’000

1,367

137

(4)

Ingenta
Advertising
£’000

1,194

(522)

(25)

Consolidated
£’000

12,001

769

(227)

(2)

(840)

(33)

(896)

(1,225)

(8)

(1,233)

407

(826)

Ingenta Commercial
products
£’000

Ingenta Content
products
£’000

PCG
£’000

Ingenta
Advertising
£’000

Consolidated
£’000

127

3,384

2,661

1,551

500

636

1,421

705

3,245

1,487

523

676

4,582

218

6,276

11,086

5,931

5,932

11,086

Ingenta Commercial
products
£’000

Ingenta Content
products
£’000

7,611

1,411

(137)

3,654

(181)

(66)

PCG
£’000

1,372

(239)

(9)

Ingenta
Advertising
£’000

2,058

433

(37)

Consolidated
£’000

14,695

1,424

(249)

178

(301)

(122)

930

(99)

(31)

800

185

985

Ingenta Commercial
products
£’000

Ingenta Content
products
£’000

PCG
£’000

Ingenta
Advertising
£’000

Consolidated
£’000

3,826

2,661

1,754

1,076

606

1,521

797

3,360

1,540

801

700

Year to 31 December 2017

External sales

Segment result (adjusted EBITDA, see note 5)

Depreciation

Unallocated corporate income

Restructuring

Foreign exchange gain

Operating loss

Share of profit from equity accounted
investment

Finance costs

Profit before tax

Tax

Profit after tax

Other information

Statement of Financial Position

Assets

Attributable Goodwill and intangibles

Property, plant and equipment

Segment assets

Unallocated corporate assets

Consolidated total assets

Liabilities

Segment liabilities

Unallocated corporate liabilities

Consolidated total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

Refer to note 10 and 11 for the estimates used in valuation of cash generating units.

In 2017 & 2018 there were no bank overdrafts. Social security and other taxation liabilities have been allocated to the relevant segments of the
business.

5,258

141

6,983

335

12,717

6,401

6,417

12,717

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

5. Profit from operations
Profit from operations has been arrived at after charging:

Research and development costs

Net foreign exchange loss

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment:

- owned assets

- assets under finance leases

Operating lease rentals:

- land and buildings

- other

Auditor’s remuneration

Restructuring costs

A more detailed analysis of auditor’s remuneration on a worldwide basis is provided below

Fees payable to the Group’s auditor for:

Fees payable to the company’s auditor for the audit of the company’s annual accounts

Fees payable to the company’s auditor and its associates for other services:

Audit of the accounts of subsidiaries

Other assurance services

Tax advisory services

Tax compliance services

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

1,867

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

2,066

122

115

332

101

840

165

342

113

301

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

101

113

A description of the work of the Audit Committee is set out in the corporate governance statement on pages 16 to 18 and includes an explanation of
how auditor objectivity and independence is safeguarded when non-audit services are provided by the auditor.

An analysis reconciling the profit from operations to adjusted EBITDA is provided below.

Profit from operations

Add back:

Depreciation

Impairment of intangibles

Gain on disposal of fixed assets

Gain on revaluation of deferred consideration

Restructuring costs

Foreign exchange losses

EBITDA before gain / loss on disposal of fixed assets, revaluation gain / loss,
foreign exchange gain / loss and restructuring costs.

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

(1,225)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

930

227

896

(2)

840

769

249

(178)

301

122

1,424

6. Staff numbers and costs

Staff numbers:

Operations

Sales and marketing

Administration

Staff numbers exclude contractors

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Social security costs

Contribution to defined contribution plans

Health insurance

Share based payments

Other staff costs

Total staff costs

Remuneration in respect of Directors was as follows:

Non-Executive

Executive Directors’ emoluments

Company pension contributions to money purchase schemes

Compensation to director for loss of office

Remuneration of the highest paid Director (aggregate emoluments)

Year ended
31 Dec 18
Average number

Year ended
31 Dec 17
Average number

118

141

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

6,335

719

297

236

(35)

7,567

247

290

112

663

239

7,846

885

353

255

9,353

174

286

473

216

Further unaudited information on Directors’ remuneration is provided in the Directors’ remuneration report. Key management personnel within the
business are considered to be the Board of Directors. Pension contributions of £6K were paid in respect of the highest paid Director (2017: £9K).
There were two (2017: two) Directors in a money purchase pension scheme.

The Group operates defined contribution retirement benefit schemes for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately
from those of the Group in an independently administered fund.

The total cost charged to income of £297K (2017: £353K) represents contributions payable to these schemes by the Group at rates specified in the
rules of the plans. As at 31 December 2018, contributions of £34K (2017: £56K) due in respect of the current reporting period were included in the
Group Statement of Financial Position for payment in January 2019.

The Group operates an Unapproved EMI Share Option plan. A reduction of £35K (2017: £1K charge) has been recognised in the income statement
during the year. Further details on share options are included in note 22.

7. Finance costs

Interest payable:

Interest on bank overdraft and loans

Interest on finance leases

Interest on other loans

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

8. Tax

Analysis of credit in the year

Current tax:

Current research and development tax credit – UK

Current year State tax – US

Adjustment to prior year charge – UK

Deferred tax credit

Taxation

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

336

(5)

407

180

(8)

(7)

185

The Group has unutilised tax losses at 31 December 2018 in the UK and the USA of £15.0m (2017: £15.0m) and $15.5m (2017: $15.9m) respectively.
These losses are still to be agreed with the tax authorities in the UK and USA. The Board intends to make use of all losses wherever possible.

The US tax losses are restricted to $491K per annum as a result of change of control legislation. Losses carried forward from the change of control in
April 2008 are restricted and must be used within 20 years. The Board believes the Group will be able to make use of $8.7m (2017: $8.7m) of the
total unutilised losses at 31 December 2018.

No deferred tax has been recognised in accordance with advice from US tax accountants on the basis that the US losses are restricted and there is
uncertainty on the value of losses which will be able to be used.

No deferred tax assets have been recognised in relation to any other Group tax losses due to uncertainty over their recoverability.

The differences are explained below:

Reconciliation of tax credit

Profit / (loss) on ordinary activities before tax

Tax at the UK corporation tax rate of 19% (2017 19.25%)

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes

Additional deduction for Research and Development expenditure

Surrender of losses Research and Development tax credit refund

Group relief

Utilisation of UK losses

Utilisation of US losses

Difference in timing of allowances

Adjustment to tax charge in respect of prior years

Refund of deferred tax liability

Effect of foreign tax rates

Unrelieved China losses carried forward

Total taxation

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

(1,233)

(234)

(285)

120

(81)

(19)

(56)

(20)

(407)

800

154

(284)

(56)

(76)

(9)

(19)

(185)

United Kingdom Corporation tax is calculated at 19% (2017: 19.25%) of the estimated assessable profit for the year.

Taxation for other jurisdictions is calculated at the rates prevailing in the respective jurisdictions.

9. Earnings per share and dividends

Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of ordinary
shares outstanding during the year.

For diluted earnings per share, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all dilutive ordinary
share options. Management estimate 101,333 ordinary shares will be issued (2017: 125,000) in respect of share options. In the current year, this
calculation would have an antidilutive effect on earnings per share so has been ignored.

Attributable profit

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in basic earnings per share (‘000)

Shares deemed to be issued in respect of share based payments

Weighted average number of ordinary shares used in dilutive earnings per share (‘000)

Basic (loss) / profit per share arising from both total and continuing operations

Diluted (loss) / profit per share arising from both total and continuing operations

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

(826)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

985

16,920

101

17,021

(4.88)p

16,920

125

17,045

5.82p

5.78p

Dividends
On 25th June 2018 the company paid a dividend of 1.5 pence per share to holders of ordinary shares. After the year end, the directors declared their
intention to pay a dividend of 1.5 pence per share. No liability in this respect has been recognised in 2018.

10. Goodwill

Gross carrying amount

Balance at 1 January

Impairment

Total goodwill

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

4,900

(576)

4,324

4,900

As at 31 December 2018 the goodwill reported in the Group accounts arose from the reverse acquisition of Ingenta plc in 2007. The acquired
goodwill in 2016 resulted from the acquisition of 5 Fifteen Limited. Goodwill is reviewed at the end of each financial period for impairment.

At the year end, management carried out an impairment review of goodwill attached to each business unit. Following that review, management are
of the opinion that an impairment of £576K should be recognised against the goodwill attributable to the PCG division due to the reduction in cash
flow relating to a specific contract. In its review of other assets, management is also of the opinion that the carrying value of such assets is
reasonably stated and that no impairment has occurred.

For the purpose of annual impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the following cash-generating units (CGUs), which are the units expected to
benefit from the synergies of the business combinations in which the goodwill arises.

Content Products division

PCG

Advertising division

Total goodwill

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

2,661

500

1,163

4,324

2,661

1,076

1,163

4,900

The recoverable amounts of the cash generating units were determined based on value in use calculations for the next five years which
management believe will reflect the minimum period during which the business will benefit from the resulting cash generation.

The value in use calculation is based on the latest 5-year forecast for the Group. Over 60% of the revenue is regarded as recurring and unlikely to be
adversely affected by technological change. Where applicable, management have assumed a forecast growth rate of 1-5% (2017: 1-100%).

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Details are shown below.

Content sales revenue growth

GO! product hosting revenue growth

Hosting revenue growth

Time-based service revenue growth

Cost base growth

PCG
%

1-5

1-2

Content
Division
%

1-5

0-5

1-5

1-2

Advertising
Division
%

1-2

Although management have determined the value in use calculations based on the next 5-year forecast, management recognise that a period in
excess of five years is relevant in determining the value in use and consider that an average growth percentage of 2% would be applicable after year
five.

Carrying amount

Value of intangibles

Total goodwill and intangibles

Recoverable amount

5-year gross profit reduction for fair value to equal carrying amount

PCG
£000

500

509

Content
Division
£000

Advertising
Division
£000

2,661

3,216

900

1,163

258

1,421

1,864

700

Total
£’000

4,324

258

4,582

5,589

1,600

Management assumptions include stable profit margins based on past experience in this market which the management see as the best available
information for the market. Management consider a pre-tax discount factor of 10% will reflect the CGU’s cost of capital during the review period
(2017: 10%) and that this is applicable to all cash-generating units.

The key assumption in the recoverable amount calculations is gross profit. This item can reasonably be expected to change, and the table above
shows the total 5-year reduction in gross profit that would be required for the recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount.

11. Other Intangibles

Cost

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

Accumulated amortisation and impairment

At 1 January 2017

Amortisation

At 31 December 2017

Amortisation

At 31 December 2018

Carrying amount

At 31 December 2016

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2018

Acquired Software
Technology
£’000

500

100

142

100

242

458

358

258

The cost of the acquired software was calculated by discounting expected cashflows from the acquired advertising software business over a 5 year
period. Management expect a minimum of 5 years useful life from the product as current customers are on long term contracts and any customer
migrations are very protracted in nature.

The discount rates used in the calculation of intangibles was 10%.

Amortisation has been charged on a straight-line basis from date of acquisition. All amortisation and impairment charges are included within
depreciation, amortisation and impairment of non-financial assets.
44

12. Property, plant and equipment

Leasehold
improvements
£’000

Fixtures
and fittings
£’000

Computer
equipment
£’000

Cost

At 1 January 2017

Additions

Disposals

Transfers in

Exchange differences

At 31 December 2017

Additions

Disposals

Transfers in

Exchange differences

At 31 December 2018

Accumulated depreciation and impairment

At 1 January 2017

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange differences

At 31 December 2017

Charge for the year

Disposals

Exchange differences

At 31 December 2018

Carrying amount

At 31 December 2018

At 31 December 2017

At 31 December 2016

338

(21)

317

327

319

(21)

307

322

Total
£’000

2,617

(27)

(106)

2,575

202

(1)

2,255

(27)

(85)

2,234

202

(1)

2,495

2,846

2,074

140

(27)

(81)

2,106

124

2,283

212

128

181

2,414

150

(27)

(102)

2,435

127

2,628

218

140

203

Assets held under finance leases with a net book value of £118K (2017: £27K) are included in property, plant and equipment and £115K (2017: £84K)
of depreciation was charged on these assets in the year, see note 19 for further details.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

13. Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables comprise the following:

Trade receivables - gross

Allowance for credit losses

Trade receivables - net

Other receivables

Accrued income

Financial assets (loans and receivables)

Prepayments

Non-financial assets

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

3,315

(40)

3,274

106

917

4,297

330

2,817

(19)

2,798

116

1,418

4,332

356

3,716

(45)

3,671

153

1,189

5,013

372

Trade and other receivables

4,627

4,688

5,385

All amounts are short term. The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other receivables approximates to their fair value.

Trade receivables at the reporting date comprise amounts receivable from the sale of goods and services of £3.3m (2017: £2.8m, 2016: £3.7m).

The average credit period taken on sales of goods is 58 days (2017: 58 days, 2016: 62 days).

All of the Group’s trade and other receivables have been reviewed for indicators of impairment. Certain trade receivables were found to be
individually impaired and an allowance for credit losses of £40K (2017: £19K, 2016: £45K) has been recorded accordingly within “sales and marketing”
in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income. This allowance has been determined by reference to expected receipts.

The movement in the allowance for credit losses can be reconciled as follows:

Balance as at 1 January

Amounts written off (collected)

Additional allowance in year

Balance as at 31 December

14. Investments classified as held for sale

49% investment held in BIDPT

Impairment

Balance as at 31 December

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

(45)

(8)

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

320

(320)

320

15. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash at bank and in hand:

Cash at bank:

- GBP

- USD

- EUR

- CNY

Cash in hand – GBP

Bank Overdraft – GBP

Net cash and cash equivalents

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

496

742

1,323

733

1,134

193

2,131

576

1,215

172

2,027

Net cash and cash equivalents’ is used for the Group Statement of Cash Flows. The net carrying value of cash and cash equivalents is considered a
reasonable approximation of fair value.

16. Trade and other payables
Trade payables and other payables principally comprise amounts outstanding for trade purchases and ongoing costs. The average credit period
taken for trade purchases is 34 days (2017: 32 days, 2016: 39 days).

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade payables approximates to their fair value.

Payables falling due within one year:

Trade payables

Accruals

Finance lease liabilities

Other payables

Financial liabilities at amortised cost

Social security and other taxes

Non-financial liabilities

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

612

712

928

2,309

414

539

1,089

1,230

2,885

509

414

1,987

1,293

3,789

560

Trade and other payables

2,723

3,394

4,349

Included within accruals is an amount of £195K related to restructuring (2017: £327K).

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

17. Borrowings

Bank overdrafts (note 15)

On demand or within one year (shown under current liabilities)

In the second year

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

Interest rates:

Bank overdrafts

Year ended
31 Dec 18

Year ended
31 Dec 17

Year ended
31 Dec 16

As at 31 December 2018, there was an overdraft facility of £250K (2017 & 2016: £Nil). During the year, the average effective interest rate on bank
overdrafts approximates to 2.5% over base rate (2017: 0%, 2016: 0%) per annum.

At the year-end there was a £250K consolidated overdraft facility in place.

All borrowings are measured at amortised cost.

18. Deferred tax
A deferred tax liability of £100K has arisen from the intangible assets recognised during the business combination in 2016. The deferred tax liability
balance unwinds as the intangible asset is amortised. During the year, £20K was credited to the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Subject to agreement with HM Revenue and Customs, the Group has unrealised losses in the UK of £15.0m (2017: £15.0m). The Group also has
unutilised losses in the USA of $15.5m (2017: $15.9m), these losses have yet to be agreed with the US tax authorities. The US tax losses have become
restricted under US change of control laws after the capital raising in April 2008. At year end $8.7m (2017: $8.7m) could potentially be used going
forward but due to US regulations and restrictions this is inherently uncertain. As a result, the Board believe conditions for the recognition of a
deferred tax asset have not been met and consequently no deferred tax asset is recognised in respect of the losses (2017: £Nil).

19. Finance lease arrangements

The Group as lessee
Elements of the Group’s IT equipment are held under finance lease arrangements. As at 31 December 2018, the net carrying amount of equipment
under finance lease arrangements was £116K (2017: £27K). Finance lease liabilities are secured by the related assets. Future minimum finance lease
payments are as follows:

Year ended 31 December 2018

Lease payments

Finance charges

Net present value

Year ended 31 December 2017

Lease payments

Finance charges

Net present value

< 1 year
£’000

1 – 5 years
£’000

(2)

< 1 year
£’000

1 – 5 years
£’000

(1)

5 years
£’000

Total
£’000

112

(2)

110

Total
£’000

(1)

The lease agreements include fixed payments and a purchase option at the end of the lease. The agreement is non-cancellable and does not
contain any further restrictions.

20. Operating lease arrangements

The Group as lessee
At the reporting date, the Group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which
fall due as follows:

Land and buildings

Minimum lease payments due within one year

Minimum lease payments due in the second to fifth years inclusive

Minimum lease payments due after the fifth year

Other

Minimum lease payments due within one year

Minimum lease payments due in the second to fifth years inclusive

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

273

408

681

311

647

958

457

975

1,432

Operating leases for Land and Buildings represent contracts on the following offices: Oxford, UK; Slough, UK; New Brunswick, NJ, USA; and Boston,
MA, USA.

The Group’s operating lease agreements do not contain any contingent rent clauses. None of the operating lease agreements contain renewal or
purchase options or escalation clauses or any restrictions regarding dividends, further leasing or additional debt.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

21. Share capital

Issued and fully paid:

As at 31 Dec 18
£’000

As at 31 Dec 17
£’000

As at 31 Dec 16
£’000

16,919,609 (2017: 16,919,609, 2016: 16,919,609) ordinary shares of 10p each

1,692

Share issues
There were no shares issued during the year (2017: None).

In 2018, the Group announced a court approved reduction of capital whereby the Company cancelled its share premium account and increased its
distributable reserves by £8,999K.

22. Share options
The Group have an unapproved Executive Management Incentive (EMI) share option scheme. Further details are detailed below.

Unapproved EMI scheme
This scheme is part of the remuneration package of the Group’s senior management. Options will vest if certain conditions, as defined in the
scheme, are met. It is based on Group performance compared to budget over a 3 year period and one third of the options will vest in each of the 3
reporting periods if the performance targets are met in that period. Participating employees have to be employed at the end of each period to
which the options relate. Upon vesting, each option allows the holder to purchase ordinary shares at the market price on date of grant.

Share options and weighted average exercise prices are as follows:

Outstanding at 1 January 2017

Granted

Lapsed

Outstanding at 31 December 2017

Granted

Lapsed

Outstanding at 31 December 2018

Number of shares

Weighted average
exercise price per share
(£’s)

401,000

65,000

(25,000)

441,000

(339,667)

101,333

1.27

1.56

1.30

1.31

1.27

1.33

The fair value of options granted were determined using the Black Scholes method. The following principle assumptions were used in the valuation:

Grant date

Vesting period ends

Share price at grant

Volatility

Risk free investment rate

Fair value of option – 31 December 2016 vesting period

Fair value of option – 31 December 2017 vesting period

Fair value of option – 31 December 2018 vesting period

Fair value of option – 31 December 2019 vesting period

Fair value of option – 31 December 2020 vesting period

January 2016

February 2016

August 2016

31 Dec 16

31 Dec 17

31 Dec 18

31 Dec 16

31 Dec 17

31 Dec 18

£1.27

26%

18p

26p

32p

£1.27

26%

18p

26p

32p

31 Dec 16

31 Dec 17

31 Dec 18

£1.30

16%

17p

23p

September
2017

31 Dec 18

31 Dec 19

31 Dec 20

£1.56

16%

16p

24p

31p

The underlying volatility was determined with reference to the historical data of the Company’s share price. In total £35K has been credited (2017:
£1K charged) of employee remuneration expense and has been included in the loss for the year and released to retained earnings.

23. Notes to the cash flow statement
Bank balances and cash comprise cash held by the Group and short-term bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less. The
carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value. Refer to note 15 ‘cash and cash equivalents’. The initial recognition of finance lease
liabilities are non-cash transactions excluded from the statement of cash flows.

24. Contingent liabilities
There were no contingent liabilities at 31 December 2018, 31 December 2017 or 31 December 2016.

25. Related party transactions
Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, have been eliminated on consolidation.

Remuneration of key management personnel
The remuneration of the Directors, who are the key management personnel of the Group, is set out below in aggregate for each of the categories
specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures. Further information about the remuneration of individual Directors is provided in the Directors’
remuneration report on page 19.

Short term employee benefits

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

663

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

489

Year ended
31 Dec 16
£’000

549

Directors’ transactions
The amounts outstanding as at 31 December 2018 relate to amounts due from Ingenta plc to Directors in connection with invoiced Non-Executive
fees.

Amounts outstanding with Directors

Joint Venture transactions
The Joint Venture loan amounts to £149K (2017: £149K).

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

168

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

As at
31 Dec 16
£’000

259

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

26. Financial risk management
The Group is exposed to various risks in relation to financial assets and liabilities. The main types of risk are foreign currency risk, interest rate risk,
market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk.

The Group’s risk management is closely controlled by the Board and focuses on actively securing the Group’s short to medium term cash flows by
minimising the exposure to financial markets. The Group does not actively trade in financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options.
The most significant financial risks are currency risk and certain price risks.

Foreign currency sensitivity
The Group trades in Sterling (GBP), US Dollars (USD) and Euros (EUR). Most of the Group’s transactions are carried out in Sterling and US Dollars.
Exposure to currency exchange rates arise from the Group’s overseas sales and purchases, which are primarily in USD, through the trading divisions
in the USA (Ingenta Inc. and Publishers Communication Group Inc.). The Group does not borrow or invest in USD other than an intercompany loan
denominated in USD between Vista International Ltd and Vista North America Holdings Ltd, the currency movement on which offsets within the
Group Statement of Comprehensive Income.

In order to mitigate the Group’s foreign currency risk, non-GBP cash flows are monitored and excess USD and EUR not required for foreign currency
expenditure are translated into GBP on an on-going basis. The Group is a net importer of USD being cash flow positive by approximately $2.0m per
annum. No further hedging activity is undertaken. The Group does not enter into forward exchange contracts.

Foreign currency denominated financial assets and liabilities, translated into GBP at the closing rate, are as follows:

31 December 2018

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

Total exposure

31 December 2017

Financial assets

Financial liabilities

Total exposure

Short-term exposure
USD
£’000

Long-term exposure
USD
£’000

1,171

(764)

407

1,209

(1,080)

129

The following table illustrates the sensitivity of profit and equity with regard to the Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities and the USD / GBP
exchange rate “all other things being equal”. Transactions in EUR are immaterial and therefore movements of the EUR / GBP exchange rate have not
been analysed.

It assumes a + / - 10% change of the USD / GBP exchange rate for the year ended 31 December 2018 (2017: 10%). This percentage has been
determined based on the average market volatility in exchange rates in the previous 12 months. The sensitivity analysis is based on the Group
foreign currency financial instruments held at each reporting date.

If GBP had strengthened against USD by 10% (2017: 10%) then this would have had the following impact:

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

Profit for the year
USD
£’000

(75)

(64)

If GBP had weakened against USD by 10% (2017: 10%) then this would have had the following impact:

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

Profit for the year
USD
£’000

Equity
USD
£’000

(107)

(110)

Equity
USD
£’000

131

135

Exposures to foreign exchange rates vary during the year depending on the volume of overseas transactions. Nonetheless, the analysis above is
considered to be representative of the Group’s exposure to currency risk.

Interest rate sensitivity
The Group’s policy is to minimise interest rate cash flow risk exposures on long term financing. Long term borrowings are therefore usually at fixed
rates. At 31 December 2018 the Group is exposed to changes in market interest rates through bank borrowings at variable interest rates.

The following table illustrates the sensitivity of profit and equity to a reasonably possible change in interest rates of + / - 1%. These changes are
considered to be reasonably possible based on market movements and current market conditions. The calculations are based on a change in the
average market interest rate for each year, and the financial instruments held at each reporting date that are sensitive to changes in interest rates.
All other variables are held constant.

31 December 2018

31 December 2017

31 December 2016

Profit for the year
and Equity
£’000
+ 1%

Profit for the year
and Equity
£’000
- 1%

Credit risk analysis
The Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk is limited to the carrying amount of financial assets recognised at the reporting date, as summarised
below:

Cash and cash equivalents (note 15)

Trade receivables - net (note 13)

2018
£’000

1,323

3,274

4,597

2017
£’000

2,131

2,798

4,929

2016
£’000

2,027

3,671

5,698

The Group continuously monitors defaults of customers and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls. Where available at reasonable
cost, external credit ratings and reports on customers are used. The Group’s policy is only to deal with creditworthy customers.

The Group’s management considers that the financial assets above, that are not impaired or past due for each of the reporting dates under review,
are of good credit quality.

None of the Group’s financial assets are secured by collateral or other credit enhancements.

Some of the unimpaired trade receivables are past due at the reporting date.

Financial assets not impaired can be shown as follows:

Not more than 3 months

More than 3 months but less than 6 months

More than 6 months but not more than 1 year

More than 1 year

2018
£’000

2,862

108

235

3,274

2017
£’000

2,604

213

2,817

2016
£’000

3,454

262

3,716

In respect of trade and other receivables, the Group is not exposed to any significant credit risk from any single customer or group of customers
having the same characteristics. Trade receivables consist of a large number of customers in different sectors of the market and geographical
locations.

The carrying amount of financial assets whose terms have been renegotiated, that would otherwise be past due or impaired is £Nil (2017 & 2016:
£Nil).

The credit risk for cash and cash equivalents is considered negligible, since the funds are held with various reputable banks.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Liquidity risk analysis
The Group manages its liquidity needs by monitoring scheduled debt repayments for long term financial liabilities as well as forecast cash flows due
in day to day business. Liquidity needs are monitored in various time bands. Short term cash flow is monitored daily using known daily inflows and
outflows for cash within 8 to 12 weeks. Medium term cash flows within 12 months are monitored using monthly rolling forecast data. Longer term
cash flows are monitored using higher level management strategy documents. Net cash requirements are compared to cash balances and forecast
in order to determine headroom or any shortfalls. This analysis shows if available cash is expected to be sufficient over the lookout period of 15
months to March 2019.

The Group maintains sufficient cash balances and enters into finance lease arrangements to meet its liquidity requirements for the medium-term
forecast period (1 year).

As at 31 December 2018, the Group’s financial liabilities have contractual maturities (including interest payments where applicable) as summarised
below:

31 December 2018:

Bank borrowings (note 17)

Finance lease obligations

Trade and other payables (note 16)

Total

Current £’000

Non-current £’000

Within 6 months

6 to 12 months

1 to 5 years

Later than 5 years

2,252

2,284

This compares to the Group’s financial liabilities in the previous reporting period as follows:

31 December 2017:

Bank borrowings (note 17)

Finance lease obligations

Trade and other payables (note 16)

Total

Current £’000

Non-current £’000

Within 6 months

6 to 12 months

1 to 5 years

Later than 5 years

2,858

2,873

The above amounts reflect the contractual undiscounted cash flows, which may differ to the carrying value of the liabilities at the reporting date.
Where the customer has a choice of when an amount is paid the liability has been included on the earliest date on which payment can be required.

The carrying amounts presented in the statement of financial position relate to the following categories of assets and liabilities.

An analysis of the Group’s assets is set out below:

Trade receivables

Other receivables

Prepayments and accrued
income

Cash and cash equivalents

As at 31 December 2018

As at 31 December 2017

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

3,274

106

917

1,323

5,620

330

3,274

106

1,247

1,323

5,950

2,798

116

1,418

2,131

6,463

356

2,798

116

1,774

2,131

6,819

An analysis of the Group’s liabilities is set out below:

As at 31 December 2018

As at 31 December 2017

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

612

928

712

2,252

414

109

3,105

3,680

612

414

109

928

712

3,105

5,932

539

1,230

1,089

2,858

509

2,943

3,559

539

509

1,230

1,089

2,943

6,417

Trade payables

Social security and other
taxes

Finance leases

Other payables

Accruals

Deferred income

Deferred tax

27. Capital management policies and procedures
The Group’s capital management objectives are:

To ensure the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern; and
To provide an adequate return to shareholders

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the carrying amount of equity plus any loan notes less cash and cash equivalents. The Group’s goal in
capital management is a capital to overall financing ratio of 1:6 to 1:4.

The Group sets the amount of capital in proportion to its overall financing structure, i.e., equity and financial liabilities other than loan notes. The
Group manages the capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the
underlying assets. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amounts of dividends paid to shareholders, return
capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.

Capital for the reporting periods under review is summarised as follows:

Total equity

Loan notes

Short term loans

Cash and cash equivalents

Capital

Total equity

Borrowings

Overall financing

Capital to overall financing ratio

2018
£’000

5,154

(1,323)

3,831

5,154

0.74

2017
£’000

6,300

(2,131)

4,169

6,300

0.66

2016
£’000

5,407

(2,027)

3,380

5,407

0.63

28. Post balance sheet events
The Board declared its intention to pay an interim dividend of 1.5 pence per share. The dividend has not been included in the results for the year
and is subject to shareholder approval at the forthcoming AGM.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Company statement of financial position

note

31 Dec 18
£’000

31 Dec 17
£’000

31 Dec 16
£’000

Non-current assets

Investments

Current assets

Trade and other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

Total assets

Equity

Called up share capital

Share premium account

Share option reserve

Retained earnings

Total Equity

Current liabilities

Trade and other payables

Non-current liabilities

Borrowings

Total liabilities

Total equity and liabilities

4,075

4,310

4,309

6,032

6,041

10,116

1,692

7,161

8,869

7,620

7,702

9,504

110

9,614

12,012

13,923

1,692

8,999

(299)

10,443

1,692

8,999

1,435

12,176

1,247

1,569

1,747

1,247

10,116

1,569

1,747

12,012

13,923

The loss recognised in the year was £1,255K (2017: £1,565K)

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 March 2019 and were signed on its behalf by:

J R Sheffield
Director

G S Winner
Director

Registered number: 00837205

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

Company statement of changes in equity

For the year ended 31 December 2018

Share capital
£’000

Share premium
£’000

Share option
reserve
£’000

Balance at 1 January 2018

1,692

8,999

Capital reconstruction

Costs of capital reconstruction

Dividends paid

Share options lapsed

Transaction with owners

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive income /
(expense) for year

(8,999)

Balance at 31 December 2018

1,692

(35)

Retained
earnings
£’000

(299)

8,999

(30)

(254)

8,715

(1,255)

7,460

Total
£’000

10,443

(30)

(254)

(35)

(319)

(1,255)

(1,574)

7,161

8,869

For the year ended 31 December 2017

Balance at 1 January 2017

1,692

8,999

Share capital
£’000

Share premium
£’000

Share issue

Share options granted

Transaction with owners

Loss for the year

Total comprehensive income /
(expense) for year

Share option
reserve
£’000

Retained
earnings
£’000

1,435

(169)

(1,565)

(1,734)

Total
£’000

12,176

(169)

(168)

(1,565)

(1,733)

Balance at 31 December 2017

1,692

8,999

(299)

10,443

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

Company statement of cash flows

Loss before taxation

Adjustment for impairment of investments

Decrease / (increase) in trade and other receivables

Impairment of intercompany receivables

Decrease in trade and other payables

Share based payment (credit) / expense

Cash inflow / (outflow) from operations

Cash flows from financing activities

Costs associated with capital restructure

Dividend paid

Net cash used in financing activities

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

The accompanying notes form part of these financial statements.

note

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

(1,255)

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

(1,565)

200

479

1,144

(322)

(35)

211

(30)

(254)

(284)

(73)

(76)

1,960

(179)

141

(169)

(28)

110

Notes to the Company financial statements

1. Accounting Policies

Statement of compliance
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the European Union.

Accounting policies
A summary of the principal Company accounting policies, which have been applied consistently, is set out below.

Investments
Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost less any provision for impairment in value. The Directors have impaired the investments as
appropriate based on the findings of the wider impairment review detailed in note 10 of the Group accounts.

Borrowings
Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months
after the balance sheet date.

Going concern
The accounts are prepared on a going concern basis. In assessing whether the going concern assumption is appropriate, management have taken
into account all relevant available information about the future including a profit and cash forecast, the continued support of the shareholders and
Directors, banking facilities and management’s ability to affect costs and revenues.

Management regularly forecast profit, financial position and cash flows for the Group. The rolling annual forecast is normally updated monthly.

Having reviewed the latest forecast, management regard the forecast to be robust. Revenue streams are forecast in detail with all recurring revenue
contracts individually listed and ranked by firmness from firm to prospect. Management have reviewed forecast costs for reasonableness against
prior years and with knowledge of expected movements and concluded that forecast costs are robust (refer to the Group Strategic report on pages
11 to 13 and the Group accounting policies).

Share options
Please refer to the Group accounting policies note for full details. Within the parent company accounts, share based payments are recorded as an
increase to investments and credited to the share option reserve within equity.

Foreign currencies
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date.

Transactions in foreign currencies during the year are recorded at a monthly estimated rate set at the beginning of each month. Foreign exchange
gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the remeasurement of monetary items at year-end exchange rates are
recognised in profit or loss. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rates at the date of the transaction
and not subsequently retranslated.

Deferred taxation
Provision is made for deferred taxation, using the full provision method, on all taxable temporary differences. Deferred taxation has been recognised
as a liability or asset if transactions have occurred at the balance sheet date that give rise to an obligation to pay more taxation in the future, or a
right to pay less taxation in the future. An asset is not recognised to the extent that the transfer of economic benefits in the future is uncertain.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are calculated, without discounting, at tax rates that are expected to apply to their respective period of realisation,
provided they are enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax liabilities are always provided for in full.

Financial instruments
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity
instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all of its financial liabilities.

Where the contractual obligations of financial instruments (including share capital) are equivalent to a similar debt instrument, those financial
instruments are classed as financial liabilities. Financial liabilities are presented as such in the balance sheet. Finance costs and gains or losses
relating to financial liabilities are included in the profit and loss account. Finance costs are calculated so as to produce a constant rate of return on
the outstanding liability.

Where the contractual terms of share capital do not have any terms meeting the definition of a financial liability then this is classed as an equity
instrument. Dividends and distributions relating to equity instruments are debited direct to equity.

Intercompany loans
Intercompany receivables are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less
provision for impairment. Intercompany payable balances are initially recognised at fair value and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective
interest method.

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

2. Profit / Loss for the financial year
The parent Company has taken advantage of section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not included its own income statement in these
financial statements. The parent Company’s loss for the year was £1,255K (2017: £1,565K) which included an impairment for intercompany debtors of
£1,144K (2017: £1,960K). An audit fee of £20K was paid in respect of the parent Company audit (2017: £20K).

Tax fees for the Group of £53K (2017: £37K) have been borne by the subsidiary companies.

The Company employed two Executive Directors (2017: two), four Non-Executive Directors (2017: four) and the Non-Executive Chairman. The costs
of these employees and the fees for the other Non-Executive Directors were borne by the subsidiaries.

3. Staff Numbers and Costs

Staff numbers:

Operations

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Wages and salaries

Other staff costs

Total staff costs

Investments

Cost

At 1 January

Impairment of China JV investment

Share options (lapsed) / issued to employees of subsidiaries

At 31 December

Investments are investments in subsidiary and Joint Venture undertakings.

Year ended
31 Dec 18
Average number

Year ended
31 Dec 17
Average number

Year ended
31 Dec 18
£’000

Year ended
31 Dec 17
£’000

247

257

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

4,310

(200)

(35)

4,075

174

184

Restated
As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

4,309

4,310

Details of subsidiary undertakings, in which the Company holds majority shareholdings and investments in which the Company holds significant
interest and which have been consolidated and disclosed respectively in the Group financial statements, are as follows:

Country of
registration

Holding

Proportion held

Nature of the business

Company

Catchword Limited

Ingenta Limited

Ingenta US Holdings Inc.

Publishers Communication Group Inc

Ingenta UK Limited

Ingenta Inc

Publishing Technology do Brasil LTDA

England

Ordinary shares

Preference shares

England

Ordinary shares

USA

Ordinary shares

England

Ordinary shares

USA

Brazil

Ordinary shares

Publishing Technology Australia Pty Ltd

Australia

Ordinary shares

Vista Computer Services Limited

England

Ordinary shares

Vista Computer Services LLC

Vista Holdings Limited

Vista International Limited

Vista North America Holdings Limited

Uncover Inc

USA

England

USA

Ordinary shares

Beijing Ingenta Digital Publishing Technology Limited

China

Ordinary shares

5 Fifteen Limited

5 Fifteen Inc.

England

Ordinary shares

USA

Ordinary shares

5. Trade and other receivables
Amounts falling due within one year

Other debtors:

Amounts due from subsidiary undertakings

Movement in intercompany loans

Provision for intercompany debtors

100%

49%

100%

Dormant

Holding Company

Marketing and Sales Consultancy

Publishing Software and Services

Dormant

Holding Company

Non Trading Holding Company

Dormant

Publishing Software and Services

Digital Advertising Solutions

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

7,620

(444)

(1,144)

6,032

9,504

(1,960)

7,620

The impairment review performed by management which resulted in an impairment charge against goodwill continues to support the carrying
value of the investments in subsidiaries of the parent company. Recoverable amounts from the subsidiaries were determined to be in excess of the
balances based on discounted cash flows using a cost of capital of 10%.

6. Trade and other payables
Amounts falling due within one year

Other creditors:

Amounts due to subsidiary undertakings

Accruals

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

1,098

149

1,247

1,098

471

1,569

Annual Report
For the year ended 31 December 2018

7. Share Capital

Issued and fully paid:

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

16,919,609 (2017: 16,919,609) ordinary shares of 10p each

1,692

Share issues

There were no share issues during the year.

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to receive dividends from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at meetings of the
Company.

8. Borrowings

Bank overdrafts

Year ended
31 Dec 18

Year ended
31 Dec 17

£250K facility in place

No facility in place

The Company bank accounts form part of the wider Group facility with HSBC. These accounts are linked and any facility limit is based on the net
balance of all Group accounts taken together. There was a Group overdraft facility in place during 2018 of £250K (2017: £Nil).

Impairment
£’000

Provision
£'000

Recharges
£’000

(636)

168

(826)

(115)

(203)

(444)

(1,144)

As at
31 Dec 18
£’000

5,386

646

(429)

(669)

4,934

9. Related party transactions

Other related party transactions
Please refer to note 25 of the Group financial statements.

A summary of related party transactions and balances is shown herein:

Ingenta UK Limited

Ingenta Inc

Publishers Communication Group Inc.

Catchword Limited

Ingenta US Holdings Inc.

As at
31 Dec 17
£’000

6,848

593

179

(429)

(669)

6,522

10. Financial assets and liabilities

An analysis of the company’s assets is set out below:

As at 31 December 2018

As at 31 December 2017

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

Loans and
receivables
£’000

Non-financial
assets
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

Other receivables

Cash and cash equivalents

6,032

6,041

6,032

6,041

7,620

7,702

7,620

7,702

As at 31 December 2018

As at 31 December 2017

Financial
liabilities at
amortised cost
£’000

1,098

149

1,247

Non-financial
liabilities
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

1,098

149

1,247

Financial
liabilities at
amortised cost
£’000

1,098

471

1,569

Non-financial
liabilities
£’000

Total for financial
position heading
£’000

1,098

470

1,568

Other payables

Accruals

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