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Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.

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FY2023 Annual Report · Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.
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Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

Annual Report and Financial Statements 

for the year ended 30 June 2023 

Company Registration no:  05075088 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

DIRECTORS  

J Gunn (Chairman and CEO) 
N Jagatia (Finance Director) 
A Samaha (Non-Executive Director- Resigned 13.2.23) 
P Needley (Non-Executive Director -appointed 13.2.23) 

COMPANY SECRETARY  

N Jagatia 

REGISTERED OFFICE  

Inspirit Energy Holdings Plc 
C/o GIS 
200 Aldersgate Street 
London 
EC1A 4HD 

COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER  

05075088 

REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER OFFICE  

SOLICITORS  

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR  

NOMINATED ADVISOR  

BROKER 

BANKERS 

Share Registrars Limited 
Molex House 
The Millennium Centre 
Crosby Way 
Farnham 
Surrey 
GU9 7XX 

Hill Dickinson LLP 
The Broadgate Tower 
20 Primrose Street 
London 
EC2A 2EW 

BBK Partnership 
Statutory Auditor 
1Beauchamp Court 
10 Victors Way 
Barnes, Herts 
EN5 5TZ 

Beaumont Cornish Limited 
Building 3 
566 Chiswick High Road 
London 
W4 5YA 

Global Investment Strategy UK Ltd  
200 Aldersgate Street,  
London 
EC1A 4HD 

Barclays Bank plc 
1-3 Haymarket Towers 
Humberstone Gate 
Leicester 
LE1 1WA 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

CONTENTS 

Chairman’s statement 

Strategic report 

Report of the directors 

Independent auditor’s report 

Group statement of comprehensive income 

Group and Company statements of financial position 

Group statement of changes in equity 

Company statement of changes in equity 

Group and Company statements of cash flows 

page 

3 

4-7 

8-17 

18-23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

Notes to the financial statements 

29-46  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

During the reporting period, Inspirit Energy Holdings plc (Inspirit) successfully maintained its focus on the application of 
the Stirling engine in various sectors, and had been primarily working with its engineering partners on the fine details of 
the new Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) system for the application on the Volvo marine engine.  The unit has been built 
and tested in Poland and with the issues in neighbouring Ukraine, sourcing materials and components has still been 
challenging.   

Using a non-branded automotive engine with the same horsepower as the Volvo Penta D13 Engine running at 2400 
revolutions per minute,  the Company's phase two trial in Poland managed by Inspirit's engineering team, and testing 
was  complete  under  varying  scenarios,  each  for  a  duration  of  approximately  one  hour,  the  unit  provided  consistent 
performance with peak output reaching 97kw.  

After  the  reporting  period,  a  test  visit  to  our  facility  in  Poland,  we  identified  external  manufacturing  errors  in  one 
component  part  of  the  WHR  system,  this  component  having  been  specially  manufactured  with  new  heat  retaining 
coatings for the drive that powers the Helix Accelerator, to deliver output of over 130kw.   This item has a long lead time 
for delivery as it needs to be manufactured and tested before installing and proceeding with the final testing of the WHR 
unit.  Although  this  has caused  delays  whilst  we  secured  alternative  sources  to  manufacture  this  component,  we  are 
pleased to report that this component is now in design with the manufacturer confirming with confidence that it will meet 
the system requirements.   The team have continued to carry out longevity testing on stage one and two of the WHR 
system and it is now projected that should be completed by between mid to end of the 2nd quarter of 2024. 

The board of Inspirit are very pleased with the team's achievements and the progress that has been made to date.  And 
the operating Board believe that the WHR technology and the application can be applied to marine, waste heat recycling 
from energy generation, refrigerated transport that uses diesel engines and many more applications.  

As per previous years, the board are continuing to assess funding options for the development and commercialisation of 
our  products  and  will  continue  to  demonstrate  prudence  in  our  approach  to  managing  our  current  resources  whilst 
pushing forward with our product development. 

I would like to thank my colleagues for their hard work and commitment to driving the business forward during these 
challenging times. 

J Gunn 
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 

22 December 2023

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4 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

The  Directors  present  their  Strategic  Report  on  Inspirit  Energy  Holdings  plc  (the  “Company”)  and  its  subsidiary 
undertakings (together the “Group”) for the year ended 30 June 2023. 

REVIEW OF THE BUSINESS  

Inspirit Energy Limited (IEL) continues to apply its expertise in the application of the Stirling engine technology in different 
sectors including Marine and Waste Heat Recovery.  

The Company is also currently pursuing the development and commercialisation of a world-leading micro–Combined Heat 
and Power (“mCHP”) boiler for use in commercial and residential markets. The mCHP boiler is powered by natural gas 
or hydrogen and designed to produce hot water (for domestic hot water or central heating) and a simultaneous electrical 
output that can be used locally or fed back into the National Grid. 

DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE YEAR  

IEL has been working with its engineering partners on the fine details of the new WHR for the application on the Volvo 
marine engine.   

In  addition,  IEL  successfully assembled  and  applied  the  first  phase  of the  WHR unit  and with  limited  testing,  the  unit 
provided the highest recorded output of over 97 kW in the first stage build test period. The WHR is a major component in 
the  application  for  the  Volvo  Marine  engine  and  other  heat  recovery  applications  the  Company  has  been  working  on 
whereby waste heat exhaust is recycled and converted to energy.  

PROMOTION OF THE COMPANY FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE MEMBERS AS A WHOLE 

The Director’s believe they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit of its 
members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act 2006, as modified by the  Companies ( Miscellaneous 
Reporting ) Regulations 2018 are outlined as follows: 

a.  Employee engagement 

The quality, commitment and effectiveness of the Company's current and future employees are crucial to its continued 
success.  Employee  policies  and  programmes  are  designed  to  encourage  employees  to  become  interested  in  the 
Company's activities and to reward employees according to their contribution and capability and the Company's financial 
performance. Employee communications are a priority and regular briefings are used to disseminate relevant information.  

Employment  policies  do  not  discriminate  between  employees  or  potential  employees  on  the  grounds  of  colour,  race, 
ethnic or natural origin, sex, marital status, sexual orientation, religious beliefs or disability. If an employee were to become 
disabled whilst in employment and as a result was unable to perform his or her duties, every effort would be made to offer 
suitable alternative employment and assistance with retraining.  

b.  Suppliers and customers 

The Company maintains an ongoing dialogue with its potential customers and suppliers and the Company engages in 
supplier face-to-face meetings, email and telephone conversations with directors and senior management of key 
suppliers. When selecting suppliers and materials, issues such as the impact on the community and the environment 
have actively been taken into consideration.   

The Company pays its employees and creditors promptly and keeps its costs to a minimum to protect shareholders’ 
funds. The Executive Directors have agreed to accrue their fees in this reporting period (note 5). 

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5 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

c.  Shareholders and investors 

The Company is quoted on AIM and its members will be fully aware, through detailed announcements, shareholder 
meetings and financial communications, of the Board’s broad and specific intentions and the rationale for its decisions.  

Other developments during the year: 

On 8th December 2022,  the Company announced that it entered into a short-term, un-secured debt facility of 
up  to  US$250,000  (approximately  £205,075)  (the  “Facility”).  Under  the  Facility  Inspirit  initially  drew  down 
US$80,000 (approximately £65,624) (the “Initial Advance”). The Facility is with Riverfort Global Opportunities 
PCC Limited, and the proceeds of the advance are for general working capital.  

The Facility has a 12-month term and allows Inspirit to draw down funds (“Advances”) which will be repayable 
within 6 months in either cash or shares at the Noteholders’ discretion in respect of the Initial Advance and 
thereafter at the agreement of the Company and Riverfort.  If the debt is repaid in shares, they will be repaid at 
130% of the Reference Price being the average of the five (5) daily VWAPs preceding the Drawdown Date in 
respect of the relevant Advance (the “Fixed Premium Placing Price”). In the event that Inspirit completes any 
share placing during the Term of the relevant Advance and the share placing price is below the Fixed Premium 
Placing Price, the Fixed Premium Placing Price will be amended to be the relevant share placing price. Inspirit 
will issue the Noteholder with warrants in respect of each Advance so as to represent 50% of the value of the 
relevant Advance, divided by the relevant Reference Price; the warrants will have an exercise price of Fixed 
Premium Placing Price and a 48-month term. 

Inspirit drew down US$80,000 as the Initial Advance and issued Riverfort with warrants to the value of 50% of 
the Initial Advance at the reference price of 0.03376 pence being 97,191,943 warrants. These warrants will 
have a term of 48 months and will be exercisable at 130% of the reference price being 0.04388 pence.  
The Facility will attract 1.5% interest per month based on the value of the outstanding indebtedness payable in 
cash and an implementation fee of 6% of any Advances if settled in cash or 8% if issued in Shares.  Accordingly, 
inspirit will issued 15,550,710 Ordinary Shares of 0.001p each (“Shares”) at a price of 0.03376 pence each for 
the implementation fee in respect of the Initial Advance (the “Initial Shares”). The Facility contains a right of first 
refusal clause allowing Riverfort to match the terms of any alternative debt/ structured funding the Company 
may seek during the term of the Facility. 

BOARD CHANGES 

P Needley, Non-Executive Director  was appointed on 13.2.23 and on the same day,  A Samaha stepped down from the 
board 

RESULTS AND DIVIDENDS 

The Group made a loss after taxation of  £260,000 (2022: loss of £233,000) and net assets as at 30 June 2023 were 
£2,402,000 (2022: £2,657,000). 

The Directors do not propose a dividend for the year to 30 June 2023 (2022: £nil). 

P a g e  | 5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 

The key performance indicators (KPI)  used by the Board to monitor the performance of the Group, are set out below:   

PLC S    

Net asset value 

Net asset value – fully diluted per share 

Closing share price 

Market capitalisation 

30 June  
2023 

30 June  
2022 

£2,402,000 

£2,657,000   

0.056p 

0.026p 

0.062p 

0.06p 

£1,114,670 

£2,648,417 

        The Net asset value decreased but the Market capitalisation increased during the reporting period. The closing share price 

was 0.026p compared to 0.06p in 2022.  

KEY RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Early stage product development carries a high level of risk and uncertainty, although the rewards can be outstanding.  
At  this  stage,  there  is  a  common  risk  associated  with  all  pioneering  technologically  advanced  companies  in  their 
requirement to continually invest in research and development. The Group has already made significant investments in 
addressing opportunities in the renewable energy sector.  

Other risks and uncertainties within the Group are detailed in principle 4 of the Corporate Governance Report. 

GOING CONCERN RISK 

The Group requires financing to fund its operations through to commercialisation and the stage where it is profit generating 
and the Group will seek to raise such funds via placings and short term debt finance. There is the risk that the Group will 
not have access to sufficient funds to achieve this. The Group seek to mitigate through forecast preparation, monitoring 
and reducing discretionary costs. Further details are on page 10.  

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES 

The principal financial risk faced by the Group is liquidity risk. The Group’s financial instruments included borrowings and 
cash which it used to finance its operations. At the year end, borrowings did not include any borrowings supplied from the 
Group’s principal bank, Barclays Bank Plc. More information is given in Note 3 to the Financial Statements. The Group 
has no significant concentrations of credit risk. 

CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The  Group’s  objectives  when  managing  capital  are  to  safeguard  the  Group’s  and  Company’s  ability  to  continue  its 
activities and bring its products to market. Capital is  defined based on the total equity of the Company. The Company 
monitors its level of cash resources available against future planned activities and may issue new shares in order to raise 
further funds from time to time.  

MANAGEMENT AND KEY PERSONNEL 

The risk of  high turnover of staff and other specialist staff recruitment issues would have an impact on operation and 
reputation.  The Board provides recognition and support for well performing existing employees and has implemented 
and monitors robust health and safety measures at the workplace. 

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7 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STRATEGIC REPORT 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

TECHNOLOGY RISK 

The Group’s success is dependent on its technology and management’s ability to market it successfully. There is the risk 
that the technology could become obsolete or a rival could develop an improved alternative. Management seek to mitigate 
this by constantly seeking to improve the product, closing watching its competitors and employing skilled personnel.  

ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS RISK 

The  Board  regularly  reviews  operating  and  strategic  risks.    The  Group’s  operating  procedures  include  a  system  for 
reporting financial and non-financial information to the Board including:  

 

 
 
 
 

reports from management with a review of the business at each Board meeting, focusing on any new decisions/risks 
arising;  
reports on the performance of its subsidiary;  
reports on selection criteria on the applications of its technology;  
discussion with senior personnel; and  
consideration of reports prepared by third parties.  

Details of other financial risks and their management are given in Note 3 to the financial statements. 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD 

N Jagatia 
Director 
22 December 2023 

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8 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

The Directors present their annual report on the affairs of the Group and Company, together with the audited financial 
statements for the year ended 30 June 2023. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

The principal activity of the Group and Company is that of development and commercialisation of the mCHP boiler 
and application of the stirling technology in other sectors such as marine, waste energy recycling and automotive  
truck industries.  

Details of the Group’s principal activity can be found in the Strategic Report.   

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) EMISSIONS 

The  Group  is  aware  that  it  needs  to  measure  its  operational  carbon  footprint  in  order  to  limit  and  control  its 
environmental impact. However, given the very limited nature of its direct activities during the year under review, it 
has not been practical to measure its carbon footprint. 

The Group only measures the impact of its direct activities, as the full impact of the entire supply chain 
of its suppliers cannot be measured practically. 

DIRECTORS 

The Directors who held office in the period up to the date of approval of the Financial Statements and their beneficial 
interests in the Company’s issued share capital at the beginning and end of the accounting year were: 

**861,403,363  Ordinary  Shares  (direct  657,981,981  Ordinary  Shares  and  indirect  via  GIS  203,421,382  Ordinary 
Shares) 

P a g e  | 8 

30-Jun30-Jun30-Jun30-Jun2023202220232022J Gunn **861,403,363861,403,363--N Jagatia44,857,14244,857,142--A Samaha----P Needley----Number of ordinary sharesNumber ofshare options and warrants 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

SIGNIFICANT SHAREHOLDERS 

On 5th December 2023 the following were interested in 3 percent. or more of the Company’s share 
capital (including Directors, whose interests are also shown above): 

Number of 
ordinary shares  

% of ordinary 
share capital and 
voting rights  

Name of shareholder  

HARGREAVES LANSDOWN (NOMINEES) LIMITED 

HSBC GLOBAL CUSTODY NOMINEE (UK) LIMITED 

1,351,965,523 

1,180,307,919 

INTERACTIVE INVESTOR SERVICES NOMINEES LIMITED 

762,814,287 

HSDL NOMINEES LIMITED 

VIDACOS NOMINEES LIMITED 

LAWSHARE NOMINEES LIMITED 

BARCLAYS DIRECT INVESTING NOMINEES LIMITED 

464,579,915 

536,898,690 

426,964,621 

309,818,565 

21.5% 

18.8% 

12.1% 

7.4% 

8.5% 

6.8% 

4.9% 

INDEMNITY OF OFFICERS 
The Company maintains appropriate insurance cover against legal action brought against its Directors and officers. 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
For  details  of  the  development  activities  undertaken  in  the  year,  please  refer  to  principle  1  of  the  Corporate 
Governance Report. 

BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  strategy  and  performance,  approval  of  major  capital  projects  and  the  framework  of 
internal controls. To enable the Board to discharge its duties, all Directors receive appropriate and timely information. 
All Directors have access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary, who is responsible for ensuring the 
Board procedures are followed and that applicable rules and regulations are complied with.  

COMMUNICATIONS WITH SHAREHOLDERS 

Communications with shareholders are given a high priority. In addition to the publication of an annual report and an 
interim report, there is regular dialogue with shareholders and analysts. The Annual General Meeting is viewed as a 
forum for communicating with shareholders, particularly private investors. Shareholders may question the Executive 
Chairman and other members of the Board at the Annual General Meeting. 

INTERNAL CONTROL 

The  Directors  acknowledge  they  are  responsible  for  the  Group's  system  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  the 
effectiveness  of  these  systems.  The  risk  management  process  and  systems  of  internal  control  are  designed  to 
manage rather than eliminate the risk of the Group failing to achieve its strategic objectives. It should be recognised 
that such systems can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. 
The Group has well established procedures which are considered adequate given the size of the business. 

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10 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

MATTERS COVERED IN THE STRATEGIC REPORT 

The  business  review,  results,  review  of  KPI’s  and  future  developments  are  included  in  the  Strategic  Report  and 
Chairman’s Statement.  

GOING CONCERN 

As at 30 June 2023 the Group had a cash balance of £51,000 (2022: £160,000), net current liabilities of £786,000 
(2022: net current assets of £366,000) and net assets of £2,402,000 (2022: £2,657,000). The Group has maintained 
its core spend during the year whilst still managing to move its projects forward and post year end secured a $250,000 
loan facility and raised £200,000 cash from a cash placing in November 2023. There can be no assurance that the 
Group’s  projects  will  become  fully  developed  and  reach  commercialisation  nor  that  there  will  be  sufficient  cash 
resources available to the Group to do so. 

The Directors have reviewed a detailed forecast based on the funds expected to be raised and forecasted expenditure. 
Having made due and careful enquiry, the Directors acknowledge that funds will need to be raised within the next 12 
months to enable the Group to meets its obligations as they fall due, however, the Directors are confident that the 
required funds will successfully be raised through the issue of equity and/or debt to fund its operations over the next 
12 months. 

The Directors, therefore, have made an informed judgement, at the time of approving financial statements, that the 
Group  is  a  going  concern  but  they  acknowledge  that  the  dependence  on  raising  further  funds  during  the  next  12 
months represents a material uncertainty. The Auditors have made reference to going concern by way of a material 
uncertainty. 

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING DATE 

On 14th November 2023, the company announced that  it has raised £200,000 through the placing (the “Placing”) of 
2,000,000,000 ordinary shares of 0.001 pence each in the share capital of the Company (“Ordinary Shares”) at 0.01 
pence per Ordinary Share (the “Placing Shares”) and the proceeds of the fundraise will be used for general working 
capital purposes. 

John  Gunn,  the  Company’s  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  participated  in  the  Placing  by  subscribing  for 
470,000,000  shares  and  Nilesh  Jagatia,  the  Company’s  Chief  Financial  Officer  will  be  subscribing  for  20,000,000 
shares.   After the Placing, John Gunn will directly and indirectly have a  holding of  1,331,403,363 Ordinary Shares 
representing  an  interest  of  21.18%    and,    Nilesh  Jagatia  will  have  a  holding  of  64,857,142  Ordinary  Shares 
representing an interest of 1.03% of the enlarged share capital.   

Following admission of the Placing Shares, the Company's enlarged issued share capital will comprise 6,287,190,896 
Ordinary Shares. 

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11 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES 
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  Annual  Report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.    Under  that  law  the 
directors  have  prepared  the  group  and  parent  company  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international  accounting  standards.  Under  company  law  the  directors  must  not  approve  the  financial  statements 
unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and the parent company 
and of the profit or loss of the group and the parent company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, 
the directors are required to: 

 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 

  make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 

 

 

state  whether  applicable  UK-adopted  international  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any 
material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group 
and the parent company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the 
group and the parent company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies 
Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and the parent company and hence for 
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on 
the Company's website.  Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. The Company is compliant with AIM Rule 26 regarding 
the Company’s website. See www.inspirit-energy.com. 

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITOR 

In the case of each person who was a Director at the time this report was approved: 

 

 

so far as that director is aware there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditor is unaware; 
and  

that director has taken all steps that the director ought to have taken as a director to make himself aware of any 
relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditor is aware of that information. 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR 

A resolution that BBP Partnership be re-appointed will be proposed at the annual general meeting. BBK Partnership 
have indicated their willingness to continue in office. 

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD 

N Jagatia 

Director 

22 December  2023 

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12 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT  

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

Quoted Companies Alliance Code (“QCA Code”) 

Principles: 

Application: 

1)  Strategy and 

business model to 
promote long-term 
values for 
shareholders 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc has maintained its focus on the application of the 
Stirling engine in various sectors as well as progressing the commercialisation 
efforts of the Group’s micro combined heat and power (“mCHP”) boilers and Waste 
Heat Recovery (WHR) applications. Inspirit achieved a number of significant 
milestones including increasing the output of its WHR to over 30kW. 

These milestones continue to demonstrate strategic direction as an R&D company 
in this niche sector. The operating Board has worked throughout to identify differing 
potential applications for the technology where there is significant potential for 
growth, as well as considering the future strategy and funding of its operating 
subsidiary. 

The Directors believe that the positive progress over the last year in the alternative 
applications of the Stirling technology in the Marine and Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) 
sectors  is  strong  evidence  of  the  need  to  refocus  our  strategic  objectives  towards 
these  areas.  It  should  be  noted  that  this  is  by  no  means  an  abandonment  of  our 
MicroCHP  boiler  technology  –  on  the  contrary,  we  are  actively  looking  into  the 
application of the technology in the rapidly emerging hydrogen market. Additionally, 
with the continued growth demand for electric cars, the Board will be looking at the 
automotive sector to utilise the Stirling engine to provide a source of power to charge 
electric motor cars.   

The  Group  will  also  potentially  make  investments  in  complementary  areas  and 
technologies that will utilise the Group's existing technical expertise.    

2)  Meeting and 

understanding 
shareholders needs 
and expectations 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The  Company  has  a  close  and  ongoing  relationship  with  its  shareholders.  The 
Company also places great importance on effective and timely communication with 
its shareholders. Shareholders are encouraged to attend the Company’s meetings 
(including the Annual General Meeting) to provide feedback and to actively engage 
with the management on a regular basis. Furthermore, the INSP’s shareholders and 
investors  can  keep  themselves  updated  about  the  current  Company’s  position  by 
visiting the INSP’s website http://www.inspirit-energy.com. 

3)  Considering 

stakeholders and 
social 
responsibilities and 
their implications 
for long term 
success 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The Board recognises that the long-term success of the Group is reliant on efforts of 
its employees, consultants, suppliers, regulators and stakeholders.  

Employees: In order to support employees’ growth and enforce social responsibilities 
implemented  systems  to  monitor  and  evaluate  employees’ 
the  Board  has 
performance  and  to  encourage  well  performing  employees  to  progress  further  by 
supporting them to attend courses. Employees’ performance is monitored through a 

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13 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

process designed to encourage open and confidential communication between the 
management and the employees on a regular basis.  

Consultants: The Board recognises that consultants play a vital part for INSP as they 
bring knowledge and expertise for specific areas, and in some instances, they also 
provide training for existing staff.  

Suppliers: INSP maintains a good working relationship with its suppliers to provide 
for its growing business and to support its existing needs.  

Regulators:  The  Board  monitors  and  implements  any  legal  or  regulatory  changes 
where possible both domestically and overseas and is fully committed to compliance.  

Stakeholders: INSP encourages its shareholders to actively participate in meetings 
and  shareholders  are  provided  with  the  opportunity  to  give  feedback  on  a  regular 
basis.  

4)  Risk Management 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The risks in the Group are managed by the audit committee which is responsible to 
the  Board  to  work  closely  with  the  executive  directors  to  identify,  implement  and 
manage risks faced by the Group.  

INSP has robust controls and procedures in place to manage internal controls of the 
Company and these are considered to be appropriate to the size and complexity of 
the  organisation.  The  audit  committee  has  been  set  up  to  evaluate  and  manage 
significant risks faced by the Group. 

Control is established mainly through the Group’s directors who monitor and support 
the day to day running of the Group and where possible comply with the Board’s and 
shareholders concerns and requirements.  

INSP has identified and implemented the following risks and controls to mitigate risks:  

Activity:  

Risk 

Impact 

Control(s) 

Management  

High turnover of 
staff and other 
recruitment issues. 

Operational 
and 
reputational 
impact. 

Recognition and 
support for well 
performing existing 
employees.  

/ 

Non-compliance. 

Regulatory 
legal 
adherence 

Implementing and 
monitoring of robust 
health and safety 
measures at 
workplace. 

Robust policies and 
procedures to be 
followed.   

Maintaining effective 
communication with 
the Company’s 
Auditors and NOMAD 
on a regular basis.  

Loss of 
licences 
resulting in 
inability to 
comply with 
the regulatory 
/ legal 
requirements.  

Strategic 

Failure of systems 
and controls.  

Loss of key 
data and 
inability to 

Disaster recovery 
policy to be followed 
in case of crisis. 

P a g e  | 13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Financial 

Internal: Inadequate 
systems and 
controls of 
accounting in place 
and 
liquidity risk. 

External:  
Market and credit 
crisis; 
Short term liquidity 
freezes; 
Commercialisation 
Brexit. 

Covid 19 

operate 
effectively. 

Loss of 
business. 

Inability to 
continue 
trading as a 
going 
concern. 

Maintaining strong IT 
systems and controls 
in place.  

The Board to regularly 
review operating and 
strategic risks. 

The audit committee 
to provide adequate 
and sufficient 
information to the 
Company’s external 
auditors.  

Robust capital and 
liquidity levels in place 
alongside effective 
accounting systems 
and controls.  

Delays in 
activity 
internally and 
externally 
would lead to 
consumption 
of working 
capital  

Large proportion of 
the development work 
is successfully 
complete. 

Diversification of 
suppliers and partners 
to meet delivery of 
activity. 

Regulatory 
environment  in 
domestic 
power market 

External:  
Changes in 
legislation regarding 
domestic power 
market. 

Potential to 
undermine 
microchip 
boiler 
product. 

Understanding 
regulatory 
environment and 
adapting system 
accordingly. 

Product Risk 

Internal:  
Failure to develop 
commercial 
product. 

Potential for 
significant 
financial loss. 

Testing of product 
Certification. 
Understanding of 
market place and 
competition. 

The above matrix is kept up to date and regularly reviewed as changes arise in order 
to mitigate risks.  

This section does not comply with the requirements of the QCA Code as the board 
composition does not include a Non-Executive Chairman and two Non-Executive 
Directors.  

At the date of this publication the Board comprises of the Chairman (John Gunn), the 
Chief Financial Officer (Nilesh Jagatia) and the independent Non-Executive Director 
(Paul Needley). Further detail about the skills and capabilities of these directors are 
set out in principle six below.  

The letter of appointment of the Company’s Directors and Secretary are available for 
inspection  at  the  Company’s  registered  office  and  all  directors  are  subject  to  re-
election at intervals of no more than three years.    

P a g e  | 14 

5)  Maintain the board 

as a well-
functioning and 
balanced team led 
by the chair 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

6)  Directors 

experience, skills 
and capabilities 

The Board is responsible for strategy and performance of major capital projects and 
the  framework  of  internal  controls.  All  directors  have  access  to  seek  independent 
advice should they feel that their knowledge of the given task is insufficient. There is 
a clear balance between the executive director and the non-executive director.  

Furthermore, the directors liaise with the Company Secretary (Nilesh Jagatia), who 
is  responsible  for  compliance  with  the  Board procedures  and  that  applicable  rules 
and regulations are complied with.  

The Board meets quarterly. The Board established the following committees; Audit 
Committee and Remuneration Committee. All Directors are encouraged to participate 
and attend meetings on a regular basis and the attendance is closely monitored.  

Despite  the  QCA  recommendation  of  having  two  independent  directors  INSP  has 
opted  to  have  only  one  non-executive  director  and  a  joint  role  of  Chief  Executive 
Director and the Chairman as they feel that this is appropriate to the current size and 
complexity of the organisation. INSP is still in the R&D phase of its business cycle 
and therefore relies on a team of consultants in developing the product. Following 
conclusion of this process, certification is managed externally, and then commercial 
trials would commence. As such the role of the Board, at this stage, is to oversee this 
process, review strategy, hold high level discussions regarding possible commercial 
trials and ensure adequate funding. As such, the current Board is deemed sufficient. 
As  and  when  the  business  develops  beyond  this  stage  the  Board  will  review  its 
requirements at this stage. The Group is actively looking to appoint an additional non-
executive director to provide a balance of the non-executive directors and executives 
as per the QCA.  

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The Chairman: John Gunn  
Mr Gunn is the founder of INSP and a 20.1% ( Direct and indirect) shareholder of the 
Company. Mr Gunn is also the managing director and majority shareholder of Global 
Investment Strategy UK Limited and a majority shareholder of Octagonal Plc. With a 
career spanning over 30 years in the financial services industry, Mr Gunn began his 
career  in 1987  at  Hoare  Govett  and  has  since  worked  at  Carr  Sheppards Limited, 
Assicurazioni  Generali  S.p.A.  and  Williams  de  Broe,  where  he  was  a  senior 
investment manager until 2002.  

Chief Financial Officer: Nilesh Jagatia 
Mr Jagatia currently serves as Finance Director at INSP and also currently holds the 
Finance  Director  position  with  a  Financial  Services  group  Octagonal  Ltd  and  AIM 
quoted Limitless Earth Plc (LME). Nilesh has been involved with several IPO’s and 
was  previously  Group  Finance  Director  of  an  AIM  quoted  Online  Media  and 
Publishing  Company for  a  period  of  five  years  until  July  2012.  Nilesh has  over  20 
years’ experience, including senior financial roles in divisions of both Universal Music 
Group and Sanctuary Group plc. He served as a Finance Director for an independent 
record label that expanded into the US. Nilesh is a qualified accountant and holds a 
degree in finance.  

Non-Executive Director: Anthony Samaha ( resigned 13.2.23) 
Mr Samaha is a Chartered Accountant (Australia) who has over 20 years’ experience 
in accounting and corporate finance. Mr Samaha has worked for over 10 years with 
international  accounting  firms,  including  Ernst  &  Young,  principally  in  corporate 
finance, and mergers and acquisitions. He has extensive experience in the listing and 
management  of  AIM quoted companies  and  is  currently  Executive  Director  of  AIM 
traded Reabold Resources Plc.  

In  addition  to  the  Board  directors  above  INSP  uses  Beaumont  Cornish  Limited  as 
their  nominated  adviser  (NOMAD),  Hill  Dickinson  LLP  to  assist  with  legal  and 
regulatory matters and FTB ITC Services Ltd to support the IT systems.  

P a g e  | 15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Non-Executive Director: Paul Needley  ( Appointed 13.2.23) 
Paul  is  an  experienced  Managing  Director  and  Chartered  Engineer  with  a  proven 
record of building a company based on strong values, reliability, and loyalty to clients, 
employees and the gas, oil and renewable appliance industries in which it operates. 
Paul is currently the Managing Director of Enertek International Ltd (“Enertek”), one 
of the UK’s largest independent engineering R&D consultancies specialising in the 
design,  development  and  certification  of  energy  consuming  products.  Enertek’s 
clients  include  major  multinational  corporations  and  government  bodies,  SME’s, 
independent organisations and sole traders. The company operates as an extension 
or  alternative  to  in-house  R&D  departments  and  specialises  in  the  design  for 
manufacture,  development  and  certification  of  products.  The  company  operates 
worldwide,  hence  Paul  as  a  good  insight  into  the  feasibility,  development, 
commercialisation and productionisation of new products and technologies. Paul is a 
Chartered Engineer, a Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and a Fellow 
of the Energy Institute. 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

INSP is fully committed to uphold Directors’ independence and to regularly evaluate 
their performance.  

Where appropriate, INSP sets targets which the Directors have to adhere to. Each 
Director  is  assigned  with  an  individual  target  which  is  linked  to  the  corporate  and 
financial targets of the Group. Career support, development and training may also be 
provided to the Directors where necessary.  

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

INSP is committed to ethical conduct and to the governance structures that ensure 
that the Group delivers long term value and earns the trust of its shareholders. The 
shareholders  are  encouraged  at  General  Meetings  to  express  their  views  and 
expectations in an open and respectful dialogue.  

The Board is fully aware that their conduct impacts the corporate culture of the Group 
as a whole and that this will impact the future performance of the Group. The Directors 
are invited to provide an open comprehensive dialogue and constructive feedback to 
the employees, and to promote ethical values and behaviours within the Group.  

INSP also believes that doing business honestly, ethically and with integrity helps to 
build long-term, trusting relationship with our employees, customers, suppliers and 
stakeholders. Our Code of business Conduct means that our employees understand 
that we pride ourselves in high ethical standards. INSP has zero tolerance for bribery 
and corruption among our employees.  

7)  Evaluation of the 

Board’s 
performance 

8)  Promoting 

corporate culture, 
ethical values and 
behaviours 

9)  Maintenance of 
governance 
structures and 
processes to 
support good 
decision making by 
the board 

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The  Board  is  responsible  for  the  ultimate  decision  making,  the  structures  and 
processes  adopted  by  INSP.  The  Board  is  headed  by  the  Chairman.  In  order  to 
comply with the Companies Act 2006 or QCA code the Board recognises that it must 
comply with the following principles set out by the Act:  

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

duty to exercise independent judgement; 
duty to exercise reasonable care, skill and due diligence; 
duty to avoid conflicts of interest; 
duty not to accept benefits from third parties; and 
duty to declare interest in a proposed transaction or arrangement.  

P a g e  | 16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

The Chairman is responsible for leading the Board, sets the agenda and ensures it is 
an  effecting  working  group  at  the  head  of  the  Company.  The  Chairman  is  also 
responsible  for promoting  a culture  of  openness  and  effective communication  with 
shareholders and to ensure that all board members receive accurate, timely and clear 
information.  

The Executive Directors are responsible for day to day running of the Company and 
effective communications with the Board and the Shareholders. They represent the 
Company  to  ensure  quality  of  information  provision,  they  challenge  and  monitor 
performance of the teams, and they set business plans and targets for the Company.  

INSP  has  one  Non-Executive  Director  who 

Non-Executive  Director: 
is  an 
independent director. This is to reinforce the  Group’s commitment to a transparent 
and  effective  governance  structure  which  encourages  and  provides  ample 
opportunity for challenge and deliberation. The Non-Executive Director’s objective is 
to  scrutinise  the  performance  of  the  Board  and  senior  management  as  well  as  to 
monitor performance, agree goals and objectives. They will satisfy themselves on the 
integrity  of  financial  information  and  that  financial  controls  and  systems  of  risk 
management  are  robust  and  fit  for  purpose.  The  Non-Executive  Director  is  also 
closely  working  with  the  Remuneration  Committee  as  they  are  responsible  for 
determining  appropriate  levels  of  remuneration  of  Executive  Directors  and  have  a 
prime role in appointing / removing senior management.  

The  Company  established  the  following  committees  to  help  with  processes, 
structures and support good decision making by the Board. 

Audit Committee – The Audit Committee consists of Paul Needley and  Nilesh Jagatia. 
The Committee provides a forum for reporting by the Group’s external auditors. The 
committee is also responsible for reviewing a wider range of matters, including half-
year and annual results before their submission to the board, as well as monitoring 
the  controls  that  are  in  force  to  ensure  the  integrity  of  information  reported  to 
shareholders.  The  Audit  Committee  will  advise  the  Board  on  the  appointment  of 
external auditors and on their remuneration for both audit and non-audit work, and it 
will also discuss the nature, scope and results of the audit with the external auditors. 
The committee will keep under review the cost effectiveness, the independence and 
objectivity of the external auditors.   

Remuneration Committee – The Remuneration Committee consists of Paul Needley 
and John Gunn. The Committee is responsible for making recommendations to the 
Board, within agreed terms of reference, on the Company’s framework of executive 
remuneration  and  costs.  The  Remuneration  Committee  determines  the  contract 
terms,  remuneration  and  other  benefits  for  the  Executive  Directors,  including 
performance related bonus schemes and compensation payments. The Board itself 
determines the remuneration of the non-executive directors.  

It is recognised that if the  Group grows, it may be necessary to review the current 
structure in order to provide better segregation of the responsibilities and clear lines 
of reporting, that are consistent with industry standards.  

10) Shareholders 

communication   

This section complies with the requirements of the QCA Code. 

The Company recognises that its shareholders are imperative for future growth and 
prosperity of the Company. The Shareholders are treated equally both in relation to 
participation at meetings and in the exercising of voting rights. INSP’s shareholders 
are encouraged to attend the annual general meetings and the Company provides 
regulatory  news  updates  and  any  other  matters  the  Board  feels  fit.  The  Company 
maintains the following website https://www.inspirit-energy.com/investors for investor 
relations.  

P a g e  | 17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Opinion  

We have audited the financial statements of Inspirit Energy Holdings Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries 
(the  ‘group’)  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2023  which  comprise  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Comprehensive 
Income,  the  Consolidated  and  Company  Statements  of  Financial  Position,  the  Consolidated  and  Company 
Statements  of  Changes  in  Equity,  the  Consolidated  and  Company  Statements  of  Cash  Flows  and  notes  to  the 
financial  statements,  including  significant  accounting  policies.  The  financial  reporting  framework  that  has  been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards and as regards the 
parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.  

In our opinion:  

 

 

 

 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s 
affairs as at 30 June 2023 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended;  
the group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with UK-adopted international 
accounting standards; 
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international accounting standards and as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 
2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 
2006.  

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance 
with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s 
Ethical Standard as applied to listed entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance 
with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide 
a basis for our opinion.  

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We  draw attention  to note  2  in  the  financial statements,  which  indicates that  the  group  incurred  a  loss  of £260k 
during the year ended 30 June 2023, the group’s current liabilities exceeded its current assets by £786k at that date 
and  that  the  group  and  company  are  reliant  on  raising  further  finance  in  the  next  12  months  in  order  to  fund 
forecasted expenditure over this period. As stated in note 2, these events or conditions, along with the other matters 
as set forth in note 2, indicate that a material uncertainty exists that may cast significant doubt on the company’s 
ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director’s use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ 
assessment of the company’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included reviewing 
and challenging cashflow forecasts, and related key assumptions, prepared by management covering the going 
concern period, discussing their strategies regarding future fund raises and assessing the likelihood of the 
required funds being successfully raised by considering the funds required and the group and company’s ability to 
raise such funds. 

Our  responsibilities  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  directors  with  respect  to  going  concern  are  described  in  the 
relevant sections of this report.  

Our application of materiality  

The scope of our audit was influenced by our application of materiality. The quantitative and qualitative thresholds 
for materiality determine the scope of our audit and the nature, timing and extent of our audit procedures.  We also 
determine a level of performance materiality which we use to assess the extent of testing needed to reduce to an 
appropriately low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds 

P a g e  | 18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

materiality for the financial statements as a whole. In determining our overall audit strategy, we assessed the level 
of uncorrected misstatements that would be material for the financial statements as a whole. 

Materiality for the consolidated financial statements was set as £66,000 (2022: £79,000) based upon net assets. 
Materiality has been based upon net assets which we determined, in our professional judgement, to be the key 
principal benchmark relevant to members of the parent company in assessing the financial performance of the 
group due to the number of risks identified relating to assets within the Consolidated Statement of Financial 
Position and the relative size of gross assets, liabilities and equity compared to the Consolidated Statement of 
Comprehensive Income. Performance materiality and the triviality threshold for the consolidated financial 
statements was set at £50,000 (2022: £63,200) and £1,000 (2022: £3,950) respectively given our accumulated 
knowledge of the group, the number of risks identified and the assessed risk level.  

Materiality for the  parent  company  was set as  £50,000  (2022: £64,000)  based  upon  net assets.  Net  assets  was 
considered to be an appropriate basis due to the fact that the parent company is non-revenue earning and holds 
significant material balances through investments in its subsidiaries and other assets and cash held. Performance 
materiality and the triviality threshold for the parent company was set at £37,000 (2022: £51,200) and £1,000 (2022: 
£3,200) respectively given our accumulated knowledge of the group, the number of risks identified and the assessed 
risk level.  

We  also  agreed  to  report  any  other  differences  below  that  threshold  that  we  believe  warranted  reporting  on 
qualitative grounds. 

Our approach to the audit 

In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial 
statements.  In  particular  we  looked  at  areas  involving  significant  accounting  estimates  and  judgements  by  the 
directors and considered future events that are inherently uncertain, such as the recoverable value of the capitalised 
development costs. We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including among other 
matters consideration of whether there was evidence of bias that represented a risk of material misstatement due to 
fraud.  
A full scope audit was performed on the complete financial information of both components of the group. 

Key audit matters  

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether or not due to fraud) we identified, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, 
the  allocation  of  resources  in  the  audit;  and  directing  the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These  matters  were 
addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and 
we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.  In addition to the matter described in the Material uncertainty 
related to going concern section we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be 
communicated in our report. 

Key Audit Matter 

How our scope addressed this matter 

Carrying value of Intangible Assets 

Carrying value of intangible assets of £3.1m (2022: £3m). 
Refer to Note 4: Critical Accounting Estimates. 

Intangible Assets is the largest asset within the financial 
statements and represents the asset (development of its 
Stirling technology) from which, if successful, the group 
will generate revenue. 

Our work in this area included: 

  Obtaining management’s assessment of impairment 
and  reviewing  and  challenging  the  key  estimates 
and judgements used therein; 

  Performing sensitivity analysis  on the key areas of 
estimation/judgement  and  verifying  to  supporting 
documentation 
including 
benchmarking  against  companies  in  the  same 
industry;  

possible 

where 

P a g e  | 19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
20 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

There  is  a  risk  that  the  development  costs  capitalised 
during the year do not meet the recognition criteria of IAS 
38 Intangible Assets.  

Since the Group are still in the process of developing their 
technology and have not yet begun generating revenue 
from  said  technology,  there  is  also  the  risk  that  the 
carrying value of the intangible asset is impaired. 

Carrying Value of Investment in Subsidiaries  

Carrying  value  of  investment  in  subsidiaries  of  £2.4m 
(2022:  £2.4m).  Refer  to  Note  4:  Critical  Accounting 
Estimates. 

Investments in subsidiaries is the largest asset within the 
Parent Company’s Statement of Financial Position and 
represents  its  investment  in  the  subsidiary  whose 
principal  activity  is  the  development  of  its  Stirling 
technology  from  which,  if  successful,  the  group  will 
generate revenue. 

There is the risk that the carrying value of the investment 
in  subsidiary  is  impaired  since  the  subsidiary  is  loss 
making and has yet to become revenue generating. 

  Substantive  testing  of  the  additions  to  intangible 
assets to ensure they are eligible to be capitalised 
under IAS 38; and  

  Reviewing disclosures in the financial statements to 

ensure compliance with IFRS.  

The positive developments in the year with respect to the 
application  of  the  Stirling  technology  to  the  marine 
industry  demonstrated  the  commercial  potential  of 
Inspirit’s technology and thus indicate that the capitalised 
development  costs  as  at  30  June  2023  are  materially 
recoverable. 

Successful  commercialisation  of  the  group’s  Stirling 
technology is reliant on project completion, the availability 
of sufficient funds (see the “Material uncertainty related to 
going  concern”  section  above  for  our  conclusion  in 
respect of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements) 
and the required regulatory approvals being obtained. It 
is drawn to the users’ attention that none of these matters 
are certain. Failure to achieve the above may result in an 
impairment to the assets capitalised. 

Our work in this area included: 

  Obtaining  the  directors’  assessment  of  impairment 
and  reviewing  and  challenging  the  key  estimates 
and judgements used therein; and 

  Performing sensitivity analysis  on the key areas of 
estimation/judgement  and  verifying  to  supporting 
documentation 
including 
benchmarking  against  companies  in  the  same 
industry. 

possible 

where 

The positive developments in the year with respect to the 
application  of  the  Stirling  technology  to  the  marine 
industries  demonstrated  the  commercial  potential  of 
Inspirit’s technology and thus indicate that the investment 
in the subsidiary, the entity conducting said development, 
as at 30 June 2023 is materially recoverable. 

Successful  commercialisation  of  the  group’s  Stirling 
technology is reliant on project completion, the availability 
of sufficient funds (see the “Material uncertainty related to 
going  concern”  section  above  for  our  conclusion  in 
respect of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements) 
and the required regulatory approvals being obtained. It 
is drawn to the users’ attention that none of these matters 

P a g e  | 20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

is certain. Failure to achieve the above may result in an 
impairment to the carrying value of investments. 

Other Matter 

The financial statements of Inspirit Energy Holdings plc for the period ended 30 June 2022, were audited by another 
auditor who expressed an unmodified opinion on those statements on 05 January 2023 

Other information  

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements 
and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual 
report. Our opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information 
is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  or 
otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement 
of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard.  

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006  

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:  

 

 

the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  
the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 
requirements.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception  

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained 
in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.  

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion:  

 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit 
have not been received from branches not visited by us; or  
 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or  
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or  
 
  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

Responsibilities of directors  

As explained more fully in the statement of directors’ responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the preparation 
of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and 
for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements 
that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

P a g e  | 21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

In preparing the group and parent company financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the 
group and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to 
going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the 
group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  and  to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance 
with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below. 

Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows: 

 

the engagement partner ensured that the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence, 
capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations; 
  we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the company through discussions with directors and 
other management, and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the company’s operating 
sector; 

  we focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on 
the financial statements or the operations of the group and the company, including the Companies Act 
2006, taxation legislation and data protection, anti-bribery, employment, environmental and health and 
safety legislation; 

  we assessed the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations identified above through making 

 

enquiries of management and inspecting legal correspondence; and 
identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team 
remained alert to instances of non-compliance throughout the audit. 

We assessed the susceptibility of the group’s and the company’s financial statements to material misstatement, 
including obtaining an understanding of how fraud might occur, by: 

  making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their 

 

knowledge of actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and 
considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and 
regulations 

To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:  

 
 
 

 

performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships;  
tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions;  
assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates set out in 
the financial statements were indicative of potential bias; and  
investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions. 

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures 
which included, but were not limited to:  

 
 
 
 

agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation;  
reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;  
enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims; and  
reviewing correspondence with HMRC, relevant regulators including the Health and Safety Executive, 
and the company’s legal advisors. 

P a g e  | 22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 
TO THE MEMBERS OF INSPIRIT ENERGY HOLDINGS PLC 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those 
leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases 
the  more  that  compliance  with  a  law  or  regulation  is  removed  from  the  events  and  transactions  reflected  in  the 
financial  statements,  as  we  will  be  less  likely to become  aware  of  instances  of  non-compliance.  The  risk  is also 
greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, 
forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s 
report.  

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with  Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the company's members 
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Suraj Shah BFP ACA FCCA (Senior Statutory Auditor) 
for and on behalf of BBK Partnership 
Chartered Accountants 
& Statutory Auditors 
1 Beauchamp Court 
10 Victors Way 
Barnet 
Hertfordshire 
EN5 5TZ 

Date: 22 December 2023 

P a g e  | 23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Note 

7  

8 

CONTINUING OPERATIONS: 

Administrative expenses 

OPERATING LOSS 

LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAX 

Income tax credit 

NET LOSS AND TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME LOSS FOR THE YEAR ATTRIBUTABLE TO 
THE OWNERS OF THE PARENT 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

2023 

£’000 

(303) 

(303) 

(303) 

43 

(260) 

2022 

£’000 

(329) 

(329) 

(329) 

96 

(233) 

- Basic and diluted earnings per share 

9 

(0.006p) 

(0.005p) 

(attributable to owners of the parent) 

P a g e  | 24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
25 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Company Number: 05075088 

GROUP 

COMPANY 

Note 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

Intangible assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Investment in subsidiaries 

CURRENT ASSETS 

Trade and other receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

TOTAL ASSETS 

EQUITY ATTRIBUTABLE TO 
OWNERS OF THE PARENT 
Share capital 

Share premium 

Merger reserve 

Other reserves 

Reverse acquisition reserve 

Retained losses 

TOTAL EQUITY 

CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

TOTAL LIABILITIES 

TOTAL EQUITY AND 
LIABILITIES 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

15 

17 

18 

3,167 

2,998 

21 

- 

25 

- 

3,188 

3,023 

52 

51 

103 

107 

160 

267 

- 

1 

2,440 

2,441 

5 

- 

5 

- 

1 

2,440 

2,441 

6 

158 

164 

3,291 

3,290 

2,446 

2,605 

2,104 

9,787 

3,150 

3 

(7,361) 

(5,281) 

2,103 

9,783 

3,150 

3 

(7,361) 

(5,021) 

2,104 

9,787 

3,150 

3 

- 

2,103 

9,783 

3,150 

3 

- 

(13,439) 

(12,994) 

2,402 

2,657 

1,605 

2,045 

726 

163 

889 

889 

533 

100 

633 

633 

676 

163 

840 

840 

460 

100 

560 

560 

3,291 

3,290 

2,445 

2,605 

The Company has elected to take the exemption under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to present the Parent 
Company Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

The loss for the Parent Company for the year was £444,642 (2022: loss of £531,000). 

These Financial Statements were approved by the Board of Directors on 22 December 2023 and were signed on its 
behalf by 

N Jagatia 
Director 

P a g e  | 25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
26 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

   Attributable to the owners of the parent 

Share 
capital 

Share 
premium 

Other 
reserves 

Merger 
reserve 

Reverse 
acquisition 
reserve 

Retained 
losses 

Total 
Equity 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000  £’000 

BALANCE AT 30 June 
2021 

Loss for the year 

TOTAL 
COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME FOR THE YEAR 
BALANCE AT 30 June 
2022 
TOTAL 
COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME FOR THE YEAR 

Share issues 

TRANSACTIONS WITH 
OWNERS RECOGNISED 
DIRECTLY IN EQUITY 
BALANCE AT 30 June 
2023 

2,103 

9,783 

- 

- 

- 

- 

2,103 

9,783 

- 

1 

1 

- 

4 

4 

3 

- 

- 

3 

- 

- 

- 

3,150 

(7,361) 

(4,788) 

2,890 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(233) 

(233) 

(233) 

(233) 

3,150 

(7,361) 

(5,021) 

2,657 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(260) 

(260) 

- 

- 

5 

5 

2,104 

9,787 

3 

3,150 

(7,361) 

(5,281) 

2,402 

P a g e  | 26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

Attributable to equity shareholders 

Share 
capital 
£’000 

Share 
premium 
£’000 

Merger 
Reserve 

Other 
reserves 
£’000 

Retained 
losses 
£’000 

Total 
Equity 
£’000 

2,103 

9,783 

3,150 

3 

(12,463) 

2,576 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(531) 

(531) 

(531) 

(531) 

2,103 

9,783 

3,150 

3 

(12,994) 

2,045 

- 

1 

1 

- 

4 

4 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(445) 

(445) 

5 

5 

- 

2,104 

9,787 

3,150 

3 

(13,439) 

1,605 

BALANCE AT 30 June 
2021 

Loss for the year 

TOTAL 
COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME FOR THE YEAR 
BALANCE AT 30 June 
2022 
TOTAL 
COMPREHENSIVE 
INCOME FOR THE YEAR 

Share issue costs 

TRANSACTIONS WITH 
OWNERS RECOGNISED 
DIRECTLY IN EQUITY 
BALANCE AT 30 June 
2023 

P a g e  | 27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
28 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

 GROUP  

 GROUP  

COMPANY  

COMPANY  

Note 

2023 

2022 

 £’000  

 £’000  

2023 

 £’000  

2022 

 £’000  

(260) 

(233) 

4 

- 

(43) 

55 

193 

43 

5 

- 

(96) 

3 

121 

24 

(8) 

(176) 

(169) 

(225) 

- 

- 

- 

- 

(169) 

(225) 

63 

5 

68 

- 

- 

(445) 

- 

211 

- 

2 

217 

- 

(16) 

- 

- 

(211) 

(211) 

63 

5 

68 

(531) 

- 

258 

- 

2 

133 

- 

(138) 

- 

- 

(258) 

(258) 

- 

- 

(109) 

(401) 

(158) 

(396) 

160 

561 

14 

51 

160 

158 

(0) 

554 

158 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING 
ACTIVITIES 

Loss after tax  

Depreciation 

Interco loan provision 

Tax credit 

Decrease/(increase) in trade and 
other receivables 

Increase in trade and other payables 

Tax received 

NET CASH USED IN  OPERATING 
ACTIVITIES 

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING 
ACTIVITIES 

Development costs 

Purchase of tangible fixed assets 

Increase in loan to subsidiary 

NET CASH USED IN INVESTING 
ACTIVITIES 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING 
ACTIVITIES 

Increase in debt  

Share issued for financing  

NET CASH GENERATED FROM 
FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH 
EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents at the 
beginning of the year 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT 
THE END OF THE YEAR 

P a g e  | 28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
29 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

1 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

The  principal  activity  of  Inspirit  Energy  Holdings  plc  during  the  period  was  that  of  developing  and 
commercialising the mCHP boiler and in the prior year started to refocus its expertise in the application of the 
Stirling engine technology in different sectors including Marine and Waste Heat Recovery. 

These  financial  statements  show  the  consolidated  results  of  the  Group  for  the  year  ended  30  June  2023 
together with the comparative results for the year ended 30 June 2022.  

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc is a company incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales and quoted on 
the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange. The address of its registered office is 200 
Aldersgate Street, London, EC1A 4HD. 

2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below.  
These policies have been consistently applied to all the periods presented, unless otherwise stated. 

BASIS OF PREPARATION 
The  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted  International  Accounting 
Standards and with the Companies Act 2006 applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. 

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and are presented in GBP 
Pound Sterling, rounded to the nearest £1,000. 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting 
estimates.  It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s and 
Company’s accounting policies.  The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas 
where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in Note 4. 

GOING CONCERN  

As  at  30  June  2023  the  Group  had  a  cash  balance  of  £51,000  (2022:  £160,000),  net  current  liabilities  of 
£786,000 (2022: net current assets of £366,000) and net assets of £2,402,000 (2022: £2,657,000). The Group 
has maintained its core spend during the year whilst still managing to move its projects forward and post year 
end secured a $250,000 loan facility and raised £200,000 cash from a placing in November 2023. There can 
be no assurance that the Group’s projects will become fully developed and reach commercialisation nor that 
there will be sufficient cash resources available to the Group to do so. 

The Directors have reviewed a detailed forecast based on the funds expected to be raised and forecasted 
expenditure.  Having  made due  and careful  enquiry,  the  Directors  acknowledge  that  funds  will  need to  be 
raised within the next 12 months to enable the Group to meets its obligations as they fall due, however, the 
Directors are confident that the required funds will successfully be raised through the issue of equity and/or 
debt to fund its operations over the next 12 months. 

The Directors, therefore, have made an informed judgement, at the time of approving financial statements, 
that the Group is a going concern but they acknowledge that the dependence on raising further funds during 
the next 12 months represents a material uncertainty. The Auditors have made reference to going concern 
by way of a material uncertainty. 

. 

P a g e  | 29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION 
Inspirit Energy Holdings plc, the legal parent, is domiciled and incorporated in the United Kingdom. 

The Group Financial Statements consolidate the Financial Statements of Inspirit Energy Holdings plc and its 
subsidiary, Inspirit Energy Limited, made up to 30 June 2023.  

Subsidiaries are entities over which the Group has control.  The Group controls an entity when it is exposed 
to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns 
through its power over the entity. The Group obtains and exercises control through voting rights.  The existence 
and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered when assessing 
whether the company controls another entity. 

The cost of acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets acquired, equity instruments issued and 
liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange.  Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred.  
Intercompany  transactions,  balances  and  unrealised  gains  on  transactions  between  Group  companies  are 
eliminated. Profits and losses resulting from inter-company transactions that are recognised in assets are also 
eliminated.  Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency 
with the policies adopted by the Group. 

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting 
policies used into line with those used by the Group. 

STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE 

The  new  and  amended  standards  and  interpretations  which  were  applied  for  the  first  time  in  the  annual 
reporting period commenting 1 July 2021 have not had a material effect on the Group and Company financial 
statements. 

NEW STANDARDS, AMENDMENTS AND INTERPRETATIONS NOT YET ADOPTED 
The standards, amendments and interpretations which are in issue but not yet mandatorily effective are not 
expected to have a material effect on the Group or Company financial statements. 

SEGMENTAL REPORTING 
Developing and commercialising the mCHP boiler and its related technology is the only activity in which the 
Group  is  engaged  and  is  therefore  considered  as  the  only  operating  /  reportable  segment.  The  Group 
currently only operates in the UK. The financial information therefore of the single segment is the same as 
that set out in the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income and Group Statement of Financial Position. 

CURRENT AND DEFERRED INCOME TAX 
The tax credit for the period comprises an estimated Research and Development taxation credit to be received 
in respect of Research and Development costs incurred during the year. Tax is recognised in the Statement 
of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity. In this case 
the tax is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively. 

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial 
statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit and is accounted for 
using  the  balance  sheet  liability  method.  Deferred  tax  liabilities  are  generally  recognised  for  all  taxable 
temporary  differences  and  deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable 
profits  will  be  available  against  which  deductible  temporary  differences  can  be  utilised.  Such  assets  and 
liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from initial recognition of goodwill or from the 
initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that 
affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.  

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences arising on investments in 
subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control 

P a g e  | 30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in 
the foreseeable future.  

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each balance sheet date and reduced to the 
extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the 
asset to be recovered.  

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is 
settled, or the asset realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited to profit or loss, except when it relates to 
items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to set off current tax 
assets against current tax liabilities and when they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation 
authority and the Company intends to settle its current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis. 

The current income tax credit is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the 
end of the reporting period in the countries where the Company’s subsidiaries operate and generate taxable 
income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which 
applicable tax regulation is subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis 
of amounts expected to be paid to or recoverable from the tax authorities. 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION 
a) 
Items included in the Financial Statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of 
the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (“functional currency”).  

FUNCTIONAL AND PRESENTATION CURRENCY 

The consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Pounds Sterling (£), which is the Group’s presentation 
and Company’s functional currency. 

TRANSACTIONS AND BALANCES 

b) 
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing 
at the dates of the transactions, or valuation where items are remeasured.  Foreign exchange gains and losses 
resulting  from  the  settlement  of  such  transactions,  and  from  the  translation  at  year-end  exchange  rates  of 
monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies,  are  recognised  the  Statement  of 
Comprehensive Income. 

Foreign exchange gains and losses relating to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income within “Finance Income” or “Finance Costs”.  

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 
Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  stated  at  historical  cost  less  depreciation.  Historical  cost  includes 
expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items. 

Subsequent  costs  are  included  in  the  asset’s  carrying  amount  or  recognised  as  a  separate  asset,  as 
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the 
Group  and  the  cost  of  the  item  can  be  measured  reliably.    The  carrying  amount  of  the  replaced  part  is 
derecognised.  All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the  Statement of Comprehensive Income 
during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Depreciation is calculated to allocate the cost of each class of asset to their residual values over their estimated 
useful lives, as follows: 

  Plant and Equipment – 15% reducing balance 
 
Fixtures and Fittings – 20% reducing balance 
  Motor Vehicles – 5 years, straight line 

P a g e  | 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

2    SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

The  assets’  residual  values  and  useful  lives  are  reviewed,  and  adjusted  if  appropriate,  at  the  end  of  each 
reporting period. 

An  asset’s  carrying  amount  is  written  down  immediately  to  its  recoverable  amount  if  the  asset’s  carrying 
amount is greater than its estimated recoverable amount. 

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount, and are 
recognised within “Other (Losses)/Gains – Net” in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.  

INTANGIBLE ASSETS - DEVELOPMENT COSTS 

Development costs relate to expenditure on the development of the mCHP boiler technology and applications 
of the underlying engine technology.   

Development costs incurred on the project are capitalised when all the following conditions are satisfied: 

 
 
 
 
 

 

completion of the intangible asset is technically feasible so that it will be available for use or sale; 
the Group intends to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it; 
the Group has the ability to use or sell the intangible asset; 
the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; 
there are adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use 
or sell the intangible asset; and 
the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be measured reliably. 

Directly attributable costs that are capitalised as part of the product include any employee costs directly related 
to the development of the asset and appropriate expenditure which directly furthers the development of the 
project. 

Other development expenditure that does not meet these criteria is recognised as an expense as incurred.  
Development  costs previously  recognised as  an expense  are  not  recognised  as  an  asset  in  a  subsequent 
period. 

IMPAIRMENT OF NON-FINANCIAL ASSETS 
Assets that have an indefinite useful life, are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment.  
An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount.  The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For 
the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately 
identifiable  cash  flows  (cash-generating  units).    Non-financial  assets  other  than  goodwill  that  suffered  an 
impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at each reporting date. See note 4 for more 
information on the impairment assessment performed by management. 

FINANCIAL ASSETS 

a) CLASSIFICATION 
The Group classifies its financial assets as loans and receivables. The classification depends on the purpose 
for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets 
at initial recognition. 

LOANS AND RECEIVABLES 
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not 
quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months 
after the Statement of Financial Position date. These are classified as non-current assets. The Group’s loans 

P a g e  | 32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
33 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

2 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

and  receivables  comprise  trade  and  other  receivables  and  cash  and  cash  equivalents  in  the  Statement  of 
Financial Position. 

b) RECOGNITION AND MEASUREMENT 
Financial assets are initially measured at fair value plus transactions costs. 

Loans and receivables are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method, except 
for short term receivables. 

c) IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS 
The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial 
asset, or a group of financial assets, is impaired. A financial asset, or a group of financial assets, is impaired, 
and impairment losses are incurred, only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more 
events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a “loss event”), and that loss event (or events) 
has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset, or group of financial assets, that can 
be reliably estimated. 

The criteria that the Group uses to determine that there is objective evidence of an impairment loss include: 

 
 
 
 

 

significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor;  
a breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal repayments;  
the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties; 
observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows 
from a portfolio of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease 
cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets in the portfolio; or 
for assets classified as available-for-sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the 
security below its cost.  

ASSETS CARRIED AT AMORTISED COST 
The amount of impairment is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the 
present value of estimated future cash flows (excluding future credit losses that have not been incurred), 
discounted  at  the  financial  asset’s  original  effective  interest  rate.  The  asset’s  carrying  amount  is 
reduced,  and  the  loss  is  recognised  in  the  Statement  of  Comprehensive  Income.    As  a  practical 
expedient,  the  Group  may  measure  impairment  on  the  basis  of  an  instrument’s  fair  value  using  an 
observable market price. 

If,  in  a  subsequent  period,  the  amount  of  the  impairment  loss  decreases  and  the  decrease  can  be 
related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement 
in the debtor’s credit rating), the reversal of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income. 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 
In the consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise cash in hand and 
deposits held at call with bank. 

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES 
Financial liabilities are obligations to pay cash or other financial assets and are recognised when the 
Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial liabilities are initially 
measured at fair value, net of transactions costs. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost 
using the effective interest method. 

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Group or Company’s contractual obligations expire, are 
cancelled or are discharged. 

P a g e  | 33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

2  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) 

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 
Equity comprises the following: 

  “Share capital” represents the nominal value of equity shares. 
 “Share premium” represents the excess over nominal value of the fair value of consideration          

received for equity shares, net of expenses of the share issue. 

  “Share option reserve” represents the cumulative cost of share based payments.  
  “Merger reserve” and “Reverse Acquisition reserve” represents historical reserves formed upon 
     previous Business Combinations entered into by the Company that fall outside the scope of 
     IFRS 3. 
  “Retained losses" represents retained losses. 

BORROWINGS 
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred.  Borrowings are subsequently 
carried at amortised cost; any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption 
value is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income over the period of the borrowings, using the 
effective interest method. 

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the Group has an unconditional right to defer settlement 
of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period. 

BORROWINGS COSTS 
Borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred. 

SHARE BASED PAYMENTS 
The Group operates equity-settled, share-based schemes, under which it receives services from employees 
or third-party suppliers as consideration for equity instruments (options and warrants) of the Group. The Group 
may also issue warrants to share subscribers as part of a share placing. The fair value of the equity-settled 
share based payments is recognised as an expense in the Statement of Comprehensive Income or charged 
to  equity  depending  on  the  nature  of  the  service  provided  or  instrument  issued.  The  total  amount  to  be 
expensed or charged is determined by reference to the fair value of the options granted:  

 
 

 

including any market performance conditions;  
excluding the impact of any service and non-market performance vesting conditions (for example, 
profitability  or  sales  growth  targets,  or  remaining  an  employee  of  the  entity  over  a  specified  time 
period); and  
including the impact of any non-vesting conditions (for example, the requirement for employees to 
save). 

In the case of warrants the amount charged to equity is determined by reference to the fair value of the services 
received if available. If the fair value of the services received is not determinable, the warrants are valued by 
reference to the fair value of the warrants granted as described previously.  

Non-market vesting conditions are included in assumptions about the number of options or warrants that are 
expected to vest. The total expense or charge is recognised over the vesting period, which is the period over 
which all of the specified vesting conditions are to be satisfied. At the end of each reporting period, the entity 
revises  its  estimates  of  the  number  of  options  that  are  expected  to  vest  based  on  the  non-market  vesting 
conditions. It recognises the impact of the revision to original estimates, if any, in the Statement of  

Comprehensive Income or equity as appropriate, with a corresponding adjustment to a separate reserve in 
equity.  

When the options are exercised, the Company issues new shares. The proceeds received, net of any directly 
attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital (nominal value) and share premium. 

P a g e  | 34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

3 

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 

The Group is exposed to a variety of financial risks which result from both its operating and investing activities.  
The Group’s risk management is coordinated by the Board of Directors and focuses on actively securing the 
Group’s short to medium term cash flows by minimising the exposure to financial markets. 

The main risks the Group is exposed to through its financial instruments are market risk (including market price 
risk), credit risk and liquidity risk.  

MARKET PRICE RISK 
The Group’s exposure to market price risk mainly arises from potential movements in the pricing of its products.  
The Group manages this price risk within its long-term strategy to grow the business and maximise shareholder 
return.  

CREDIT RISK 
The Group’s financial instruments that are subject to credit risk are cash and cash equivalents and loans and 
receivables.  The credit risk for cash and cash equivalents is considered negligible since the counterparties are 
reputable financial institutions.  

The  Group’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  is  £103,000  (2022:  £267,000)  comprising  cash  and  cash 
equivalents and loans and receivables. 

LIQUIDITY RISK 
Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that the Group might encounter difficulty in settling its debts or otherwise 
meeting its obligations related to financial liabilities. The Group manages this risk through maintaining a positive 
cash balance and controlling expenses and commitments.  The Directors are confident that adequate resources 
exist to finance current operations. 

The following table summarises the maturity profile of the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed 
repayment periods. The table has been drawn up based on contractual undiscounted cash flows based on the 
earliest  repayment  date  on  which  the  Group  can  be  required  to  pay.  The  table  includes  both  interest  and 
principal cash flows. To the extent that the interest flows are floating rate, the undiscounted amount is derived 
from the interest rate curves at the balance sheet date: 

Group 

At 30 June 2023 

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

At 30 June 2022 

Less 
than 1 
year 
£’000 
726 

163 

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

533 

100 

Between 1 
and 2 years 
£’000 
- 

Between 
2 and 5 
years 
£’000 
- 

Over 
5 
years 
£’000 
- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Carrying 
value 
£’000 
726 

163 

Total 
£’000 
726 

163 

533 

100 

533 

100 

CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT 
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are: 

to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, so that it continues to provide returns 

 
and benefits for shareholders; 
 
 

to support the Group’s growth; and 
to provide capital for the purpose of strengthening the Group’s risk management capability. 

The Group actively and regularly reviews and manages its capital structure to ensure an optimal capital structure 
and  equity  holder  returns,  taking  into  consideration  the  future  capital  requirements  of  the Group  and  capital 

P a g e  | 35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

efficiency, prevailing and projected profitability, projected operating cash flows, projected capital expenditures 
and projected strategic investment opportunities.  Management regards total equity as capital and reserves, for 
capital management purposes. 

4  CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS 

The preparation of Financial Statements in conformity with IFRSs requires management to make judgements, 
estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, 
income  and  expenses.    Estimates  and  judgements  are  continually  evaluated  and  are  based  on  historical 
experience and other factors including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the 
circumstances. 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND ASSUMPTIONS 
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future.  The resulting accounting estimates will, by 
definition, seldom equal the related actual results.  The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of 
causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are 
discussed below.  

RECOVERABLE VALUE OF R&D TAX DEBTOR 
The Corporation tax receivable in Note 13 relates to the firm’s Research & Development tax reclaim that the firm 
is  expected  to  receive  once  it  files  its  corporation  tax  returns. The  directors  have  assessed  the  R&D  tax 
debtor as being fully recoverable based on historic successful submissions and post year end the company 
recovered £68,000.  The balance relates to R&D costs incurred in FY2023 for which the claim has not been filed 
and will be filed on the publication of the audited accounts and submission of its corporation tax return. 

IMPAIRMENT OF DEVELOPMENT COSTS AND INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES 
The Group tests annually whether development costs and investments in the subsidiaries, which have a carrying 
value of £3,167,000 and £2,440,000 respectively (2022: £2,998,000 and £2,440,000 respectively) have suffered 
any impairment in accordance with the accounting policy as stated in Note 2.   

The core development to date on the mCHP and Stirling technology is the base technology that will be applied 
the Marine, Waste Heat Recovery, Hydrogen and automotive sectors that the company will be focusing on in the 
future.   

When  a  review  for  impairment  is  conducted,  the  recoverable  amount  is  determined  based  on  value  in  use 
calculations prepared on the basis of management’s assumptions and estimates.  As a result of their 2023 review 
management has concluded that no impairment is required. 

The value–in-use calculations require management to estimate future cash flows expected to arise from the 
cash generating unit, once commercial production is achieved, and apply a suitable discount rate in order to 
calculate present value. These calculations require the use of estimates. See Note 10 for further details. 

Following  other  sources  of  products  interest  during  the  year,  management  have  focussed  the  value-in-use 
calculations on licensing sales rather than product sales. This has been done as management consider that the 
revenues are more near term in nature and note that it uses the same core developed technology. Given the 
product’s nature, the core estimates have remained broadly consistent with prior years.  

Note that the recoverability of the capitalised development costs and the investment in subsidiaries is dependent 
on  sufficient  funds  being  raised  as  and  when  required  up  to  the  point  of  commercialisation.  Due  to  the 
dependence on raising further funds to meet forecasted expenditure over the next 12 months, the Auditors have 
made reference to going concern by way of a material uncertainty. 

P a g e  | 36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

5  DIRECTOR’S AND KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL EMOLUMENTS 

 Aggregate emoluments 

 Social security costs 

Name of director 

J Gunn 
N Jagatia 
A Samaha 
P Needley 
S Gunn* 

*Key Management Personnel 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

144 

6 

150 

Total 
2023 
£’000 

80 
40 
10 
2 
12 
144 

144 

6 

150 

Total 
2022 
£’000 

80 
40 
12 
- 
12 
144 

Short Term 
Benefits 
£’000 

Other 
Benefits 
£’000 

80 
40 
10 
2 
12 
144 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

The number of Directors who contributed to pension schemes during the year was nil (2022: nil).  

6 

EMPLOYEE INFORMATION 

Wages and salaries 

Social security costs 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

237 

2 

239 

237 

2 

239 

Included in the above is a total of £93,357 (2022: £92,885) wages and salaries for employees which has been 
included in Development costs. 

Average number of persons employed (including executive directors and excludes the Non Executive Director - 
Anthony Samaha and Paul Needley): 

Office and management 

COMPENSATION OF KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 

There are no key management personnel other than those disclosed in Note 5. 

2023 
Number 

2022 
Number 

6 

4 

P a g e  | 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

7 

LOSS FOR THE YEAR 

Loss for the year is arrived at after charging: 

Salaries and wages (Note 6) 

S 

Audit and other fees 

A 

 Depreciation 

 FX expense/credit  

AUDITOR’S REMUNERATION 
During the year the Group obtained the following services from the Company’s auditor: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the parent company and 
the Group financial statements 

8 

Taxation 

GROUP 

Deferred tax 

Current tax 

Total current tax charge / (credit) 

2023 

£’000 

146 

25 

4 

- 

2022 

£’000 

146 

25 

7 

- 

2023 
£’000 

2022 
£’000 

25 

25 

2023 

£’000 

- 

(43) 

(43) 

2022 

£’000 

- 

(96) 

(96) 

The tax on the Group's loss before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the average rate 
applicable to losses of the consolidated entities as follows: 

Loss before tax from continuing operations 

Loss  before  tax  multiplied  by  rate  of  corporation  tax  in  the  UK  of  25%  (2022: 
19%) 

Tax effects of: 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 

Unrelieved tax losses carried forward 

Research and development tax credit  

Total tax 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

(303) 

(329) 

(76) 

(63) 

- 

76 

(43) 

(43) 

- 

63 

(96) 

(96) 

The Group has excess management expenses of approximately £6,041,000 (2022: £5,781,00), capital losses 
of £150,000 (2022: £150,000) and non-trade financial losses of approximately £119,000 (2022: £119,000) to 

P a g e  | 38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

carry forward against future suitable taxable profits. No deferred tax asset has been provided on any of these 
losses due to uncertainty over the timing of their recovery. 

9 

EARNINGS PER SHARE 

Earnings per ordinary share has been calculated by dividing the loss attributable to equity holders of the 
Company by the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year. The calculations of both 
basic and diluted earnings per share for the year are based upon the loss for the year of £233,000 (2022: 
£233,000).  The  weighted  number  of  equity  shares  in  issue  during  the  year  was  4,280,075,914  (2022: 
4,271,640,186 ). 
In accordance with IAS 33, basic and diluted earnings per share are identical as the effect of the exercise 
of share options and warrants would be to decrease the loss per share and therefore deemed anti-dilutive. 
Details of share options and warrants that could potentially dilute earnings per share in future periods are 
set out in Note 16. 

10 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS 

GROUP 

At 30 June 2021 
Additions 

At 30 June 2022 
Additions 

At 30 June 2023 

 Development 
Costs 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

2,773 
225 

2,998 
169 

2,773 
225 

2,998 
169 

3,167 

3,167 

No amortisation has been recognised on development costs to date as the assets are still in the development 
stage and the related products are not yet ready for sale. As such, the value-in-use calculations to support the 
carrying value of development costs is directly reliant on the availability of future capital funding in order to 
achieve product accreditation and enter into commercial production. Additions during the year included 
£93,357  (2022: £92,885) of capitalised wages. 

The  recoverable  amount  of  the  above  cash  generating  unit  has  been  determined  based  on  value-in-use 
calculations and includes revenue from stirling applications in marine, commercial truck, Inspirit Charger (boiler 
technology) with Hydrogen application and waste recycling activities. The value-in-use calculations use cash flow 
projections based on financial budgets approved by Management covering a five year period. They key estimates 
in the value-in-use calculation are: 

Growth rate – Nonlinear year on year increases based on directors’ estimations following discussion with a number 
of potential partners.  

Discount rate used for the directors impairment review was 30%  (2022 30%).   Historically, the company used a 
discount rate of 15%, however in FY2021 the board took a prudent view of increasing  the rate to 30% due to 
Covid-19 and the global downturn with it’s impact on the economy.  Although the global economic outlook has 
improved, the board have been prudent in maintaining the 30% discount rate.  

P a g e  | 39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
40 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

The gross margin is derived from licensing the technology and it is remained  consistent with the margin assumed 
in the 2022 impairment assessment.  

11 

PROPERTY, PLANT 
AND EQUIPMENT 

GROUP 

COST 

As at 30 June 2021 

Additions 

As at 30 June 2022 

Additions 

As at 30 June 2023 

DEPRECIATION 

As at 30 June 2021 

Charge for year 

As at 30 June 2022 

Charge for year 

As at 30 June 2023 

NET BOOK VALUE 

As at 30 June 2023 

As at 30 June 2022 

Plant and 
Equipment 

Fixtures and 
fittings 

Motor 
Vehicles 

Total 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

£’000 

86 

86 

86 

59 

4 

63 

3 

66 

20 

23 

15 

15 

15 

12 

1 

13 

1 

14 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

- 

- 

102 

102 

102 

72 

5 

77 

4 

81 

21 

25 

P a g e  | 40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
41 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

12 

INVESTMENT IN SUBSIDIARIES 

COMPANY 

SHARES IN GROUP UNDERTAKINGS: 

 At 1 July 

Increase in loan to subsidiary 

 Provision against the loan balance outstanding 

A 

2023 

£’000 

2,440 

211 

(211) 

2,440 

2022 

£’000 

2,440 

258 

(258) 

2,440 

Included  in  the  above  is  an  amount  of  £3,515,314  (2022:  £3,304,595)  relating  to  the  amount  due  to  the 
Company by its subsidiary Inspirit Energy Limited. A provision of £3,515,314 (2022: £3,304,595) has been set 
against this loan balance outstanding.  

Investments in Group undertakings are recorded at cost, which is the fair value of the consideration paid. 

Details of Subsidiary Undertakings are as follows: 

Name of subsidiary 

Registered address  Registered capital 

Proportion of 
share capital held 

Nature of 
business 

 Inspirit Energy Limited** 
Company No.07160673 

c/o Niren Blake LLP 
2nd Floor, Solar 
House, 915 High 
Road, London, 
England, N12 8QJ 

Ordinary shares 
£15,230 

100% 

Product 
development 

*** Inspirit Energy Limited (Co No 07160673) is entitled and has taken exemption under section 479a 
of the Companies Act 2006. No members of Inspirit Energy Limited have required the company to 
obtain an audit of its accounts for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the 
Companies Act 2006 

13 

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES 

Corporation tax* 

VAT recoverable 

Other receivables 

GROUP 

COMPANY 

2023 

£’000 
43 

10 

- 

53 

2022 

£’000 
96 

11 

- 

107 

2023 

£’000 
- 

5 

- 

5 

2022 

£’000 
- 

6 

- 

6 

*The Corporation tax repayable relates to the R&D tax claim receivable from HMRC. 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of receivables is approximately equal to their fair value and 
under IFRS 9 that they are held at amortised cost 

P a g e  | 41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

14 

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Cash and cash equivalents 

GROUP 

COMPANY 

2023 

£’000 

51 

2022 

£’000 

160 

2023 

£’000 

- 

2022 

£’000 

158 

The Directors consider the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates to their fair value. 
All of the Group and Company’s cash and cash equivalents are held with institutions with an AA credit rating.   

15 

    SHARE CAPITAL AND SHARE PREMIUM   

Number of 
ordinary 
shares 

Number 
of 
deferred 
shares 

Ordinary 
shares 

Deferred 
shares 

New 
Deferred 
B shares 

Share 
premium 

Total 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

4,271,640,186 

400,932 

299,292 

396,923  1,406,599  12,933,447 

15,036,261 

4,271,640,186 

400,932 

299,292 

396,923  1,406,599  12,933,447 

15,036,261 

 15,550,710  

- 

1,555.00 

- 

- 

3,695 

5,250 

4,287,190,896 

400,932 

300,847 

396,923  1,406,599  12,937,142 

15,041,511 

At 30 June 
2021 

At 30 June 
2022 

Issue of New 
Shares  

At 30 June 
2023 

Both the Deferred shares and the New Deferred B shares have no voting rights. 

On  6  June  2018,  the  Company  announced  that  members,  at  a  General  meeting  on  the  same  day,  had 
approved the completion of a Capital Reorganisation which comprised the sub-division of shares whereby 
each existing Ordinary Share of 0.1 pence each in the capital of the Company was sub-divided into 1 New 
Ordinary  Shares  of  0.001  pence  each  and  1  Deferred  B  Share  of  0.099  pence  each.  This  resulted  in 
1,420,806,859 New Ordinary Shares and 1,420,806,859 Deferred B Shares in issue. 

P a g e  | 42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
43 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

16 

SHARE BASED 
PAYMENTS 

Share options and warrants can be granted to selected Directors and third-party service providers. 

Share options and warrants outstanding at the end of the year have the following expiry dates and 
exercisable prices: 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise 
Price 
2023 
0.00075 

0.0004388 
0.00075 

At 1 July 

Granted 
Lapsed 

Options and 
warrants 

Weighted 
Average 
Exercise Price 

Options and 
warrants 

500,000,000 

97,191,943 
(500,000,000) 

2022 
0.00075 

500,000,000 

- 

 - 

- 

-  

At 30 June  

0.0004388 

97,191,943 

0.00075 

500,000,000 

Grant date 

Expiry 
date 

Exercise price in 
£ per share 

Number of 
options and 
warrants 
2023 

03-Jun-21 

14/12/2022* 

02-Jun-23 

13-Dec-23 

0.00075 

0.0004388 

97,191,943 

Number of 
options and 
warrants 
2022 
500,000,000 

97,191,943 

500,000,000 

On 8th November 2022, Inspirit drew down US$80,000 as the Initial Advance and issued Riverfort with warrants 
to the value of 50% of the Initial Advance at the reference price of 0.03376 pence being 97,191,943 warrants. 
These  warrants  will  have  a  term  of  48  months  and  will  be  exercisable  at  130%  of  the  reference  price  being 
0.04388 pence.  

17  TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES 

Trade payables 

Other payables 

Social security and other taxes 

Accrued expenses 

GROUP 

2023 

£’000 

51 

142 

8 

525 

726 

   COMPANY 

2022 

£’000 

54 

56 

35 

388 

533 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

12 

141 

- 

523 

676 

17 

57 

- 

386 

460 

The Directors consider that the carrying amount of trade and other payables approximates to their fair value 

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44 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

18 

BORROWINGS 

GROUP 

2023 
£’000 

2022 
£’000 

COMPANY 
2023 
£’000 

Current 

Drawdown facility (see Note 1 and 2 below) 

Total current borrowings 

163 

163 

100 

100 

163 

163 

2022 
£’000 

100 

100 

Note 1 

The Drawdown facility relates to the facility entered into during 2017 with YA Global Master SPV Limited. The 
facility is unsecured and carries an implied interest rate of 10 per cent per annum, repayable in 12 equal monthly 
instalments and has now lapsed. The directors are seeking to renew.  

On 30 April 2015, the Company issued warrants to subscribe for 9,283,364 new ordinary shares as part of the 
unsecured $3,000,000 Debt facility arrangement with YA Global Master SPV Limited (“YA Global”). The issue 
of the warrants was triggered following the drawdown of the initial Tranche 1, being $400,000, under the terms 
of the agreement. The terms of the issue of warrants are governed by the Debt Facility agreement, which specify 
that for every tranche drawn down, the Company is required to issue 25% of the value of the drawdown based 
on  the  interbank  rate  at  the  nearest  possible  date  and  using  the  average  Volume  Weighted  Average  Price 
(“VWAP”) of the Company for the five trading days immediately prior the date of the agreement. Based on those 
terms,  were  the  Company  to  drawdown  the  remaining  $2,600,000  they  would  be  required  to  issue  further 
warrants to subscribe for an estimated total of 99,622,448 new ordinary shares. The Directors do not expect to 
use the remaining facility in the foreseeable future.  

Note 2 

On 8th December 2022,  the Company announced that it entered into a short-term, un-secured debt facility of 
up  to  US$250,000  (approximately  £205,075)  (the  “Facility”).  Under  the  Facility  Inspirit  initially  draw  down 
US$80,000 (approximately £65,624) (the “Initial Advance”). The Facility is with Riverfort Global Opportunities 
PCC Limited, and the proceeds of the advance are for general working capital.  

The Facility has a 12-month term and allows Inspirit to draw down funds (“Advances”) which will be repayable 
within  6  months  in  either  cash  or  shares  at  the  Noteholders’  discretion  in  respect  of  the Initial  Advance  and 
thereafter at the agreement of the Company and Riverfort.  If the debt is repaid in shares, they will be repaid at 
130% of the Reference Price being the average of the five (5) daily VWAPs preceding the Drawdown Date in 
respect of the relevant Advance (the “Fixed Premium Placing Price”). In the event that Inspirit completes any 
share placing during the Term of the relevant Advance and the share placing price is below the Fixed Premium 
Placing Price, the Fixed Premium Placing Price will be amended to be the relevant share placing price. Inspirit 
will issue the Noteholder with warrants in respect of each Advance so as to represent 50% of the value of the 
relevant Advance, divided by the relevant Reference Price;  the warrants will have an exercise price of Fixed 
Premium Placing Price and a 48 month term. 

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45 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

19  ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT  

As at 1 July 
2022 
160 

 £000s 

Cash at bank 
and in hand  

 £000s 

As at 1 July 
2022 

Cashflows 

Acquired 

Repayment 

(109) 

- 

- 

Non-Cash 
movement 
- 

As at 30 
June 2023 
51 

Cashflows 

Acquired 

Repayment 

Non-Cash 
movement 

As at 30 
June 2023 

Borrowings  

100 

- 

63 

- 

- 

163 

20 

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS BY CATEGORY 

FINANCIAL ASSETS AT AMORTISED COST: 
Trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments, VAT and corporation tax) 

Cash and cash equivalents 

  FINANCIAL LIABILITIES AT AMORTISED COST: 

Trade and other payables 

Borrowings 

2023 

£’000 

2022 

£’000 

- 

51 

51 

163 

- 

160 

54 

100 

The table providing an analysis of the maturity of the non-derivative financial liabilities has been included in Note 
3. 

21  ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY 

At the date of signing this report the Directors do not consider there to be one single ultimate controlling party.  

22  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

See note 6 for details of director’s remuneration in the year. 

During the year, NKJ Associates Ltd, a company in which N Jagatia is a Director, charged consultancy fees of 
£40,000 (2022: £40,000). The amount owed to NKJ Associates Ltd at year end is £152,000 (2022: £112,000).  
Amount of fees due to John Gunn at 30 June 2023 was £320,000 (2022: £240,000) and the amount of fees 
due to Anthony Samaha at 30 June 2022 was £18,000 (2022: £10,000).  

23  EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING DATE 

On  14th  November  2023,  the  company  announced  that  it  has  raised  £200,000  through  the  placing  (the 
“Placing”)  of  2,000,000,000  ordinary  shares  of  0.001  pence  each  in  the  share  capital  of  the  Company 
(“Ordinary  Shares”)  at  0.01  pence  per  Ordinary  Share  (the  “Placing  Shares”)  and  the  proceeds  of  the 
fundraise will be used for general working capital purposes. 

John Gunn, the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer participated in the Placing by subscribing 
for  470,000,000  shares  and  Nilesh  Jagatia,  the  Company’s Chief  Financial  Officer  will  be  subscribing  for 
20,000,000 shares.   After the Placing, John Gunn will directly and indirectly have a  holding of  1,331,403,363 

P a g e  | 45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46 

Inspirit Energy Holdings plc 

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 June 2023 

Ordinary Shares representing an interest of 21.18%  and,  Nilesh Jagatia will have a holding of 64,857,142 
Ordinary Shares representing an interest of 1.03% of the enlarged share capital.   

Following  admission  of  the  Placing  Shares,  the  Company's  enlarged  issued  share  capital  will  comprise 
6,287,190,896 Ordinary Shares. 

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