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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

igic · NASDAQ Financial Services
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FY2023 Annual Report · International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
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INTERNATIONAL GENERAL 
INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.

Annual  
Report 2023

REACHING NEW 
HEIGHTS

1

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ALWAYS LOOKING 
BEYOND

CONTENTS

About us  

Letter from the Executive Chairman  

Year in Review: Report from the President & CEO  

Financial highlights 

Financial statements & accounts 

Board of Directors 

4

5

8

15

16

233

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS DISCLOSURE

This Annual Report 2023 contains certain statements that are “forward 
looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities 
Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act 
of 1934, as amended. You should not place undue reliance on such 
statements because they are subject to numerous uncertainties and 
factors relating to IGI’s operations and business environment, all of 
which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond IGI’s control. 
Forward-looking statements include information concerning IGI’s 
possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions 
of our business strategy. These statements are often, but not always, 
made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe,” 
“anticipate,” “could,” “may,” “would,” “should,” “intend,” “plan,” 
“potential,” “will,” “expect,” “believe,” “continue,” “strategy,” 

“outlook” and similar expressions. Such statements are qualified by  
the inherent risks and uncertainties surrounding future expectations 
generally, and may differ materially from actual future experience.  
For a more detailed discussion of such risks and uncertainties, see  
IGI’s annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, 
including those under “Risk Factors” therein, and in the Company’s other 
filings with the SEC. IGI undertakes no obligation to release publicly any 
updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements to reflect any 
change in its expectations or any change in events, conditions, or 
circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          

2

GLOBALLY 
CONNECTED

1. BERMUDA 
Park Place, 1st Floor, 
55 Par-la-Ville Road, 
Hamilton HM 01  Bermuda

4. OSLO 
c/o Tyveholmen AS 
7 etg, Tjuvholmenallé 19 
0252 Oslo  Norway 

6. AMMAN 
74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf St. 
P.O. Box 941428 
Amman 11194  Jordan

8. KUALA LUMPUR 
29th Floor, Menara TA One 
Jalan P Ramlee 50250 
Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia

2. CASABLANCA 
32-42, Bd Abdelmoumen 
Residence Walili 25 
4th Floor P.O. Box 20000 
Casablanca  Morocco

5. MALTA 
3rd Floor - Development 
House 
St. Anne Street Floriana  
FRN 9010  Malta

3. LONDON 
15-18 Lime Street 
London EC3M 7AN  England

7. DUBAI 
Office 606, Level 6, Tower 1 
Al Fattan Currency House 
Dubai International 
Financial Centre 
P.O. Box 506646, Dubai 
United Arab Emirates

9. LABUAN 
Level 1, LOT 7, Block F 
Saguking Commercial 
Building 
Jalan Patau – Patau 
87000 Labuan  Malaysia

4

5

3

2

6

7

1

9

8

3

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ABOUT US

IGI has been a successful niche player in the insurance and reinsurance 
specialty markets for more than 20 years. Formed in 2001 in Amman, 
Jordan, the company began underwriting operations in 2002 writing five 
specialty lines of business. Today, IGI writes a diverse global portfolio of 
specialty lines. 

From its beginnings, IGI’s focus has been on serving our clients, capital 
strength and preservation, and generating shareholder value through 
responsive and focused underwriting in markets we know and 
understand. The result is a demonstrated track record of compounded 
annual double-digit total value creation. While we have evolved and 
grown significantly since 2002, the key cultural attributes that have 
made us successful remain embedded throughout our Company today.

A

AM Best
Stable 
Outlook

A-

S&P
Stable 
Outlook

IGI 
We are an international specialist insurance and reinsurance group, 
registered in Bermuda and listed on Nasdaq Capital Markets under the 
symbol “IGIC”.

Our business 
Established in 2001, we are an entrepreneurial business with a 
diversified risk portfolio of Energy, Property, General Aviation, 
Construction & Engineering, Ports & Terminals, Marine Cargo, 
Marine Trades, Contingency, Political Violence, Financial Institutions, 
General Third-Party Liability (Casualty), Legal Expenses, Professional 
Indemnity, D&O, Marine Liability, and Reinsurance Treaty Business.

We are truly international 
Registered in Bermuda, we have offices in Bermuda, London, Amman, 
Malta, Dubai, Oslo, Casblanca, and Kuala Lumpur. We have long 
standing relationships in these regions, providing a high level of 
cultural compatibiity and service to our clients and brokers.

An entrepreneurial success story 
IGI has a long track record of success. Over the past 5 years, we have 
grown our premiums at a compounded annual rate of more than 18%, 
while achieveing an average combined ratio of 85.0% and an average 
core operating return on equity of 16.7%.

4

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE CHAIRMAN

To My Fellow Shareholders 

2023 was an exceptional year for IGI. On virtually every measure, our financial results 
were outstanding and exceeded the record results achieved in 2022. 

We grew our gross premium portfolio by a healthy 18.3% with a combined ratio of 
76.7% and delivered a core operating return on average equity of 28.1%. Our 
shareholders were rewarded with a 61% increase in share price. In addition, and 
consistent with our long-standing promise to shareholders, we returned approximately 
$33 million in capital in the form of dividends and share repurchases. Our strategy has 
always reflected our belief that we will generate the best returns for our shareholders 
through our underwriting – growing when our markets are favorable, and when we 
have excess capital, return it to our shareholders who have put their trust in us. I am 
very pleased with our most recent decision to pay a $0.50 per share special cash 
dividend for 2023 in addition to our regular quarterly dividends. 

These results were achieved during a year in which we effected 
a successful CEO transition – our first in 22 years, opened a 
new office in Oslo – our eighth, while building out our product 
offerings and skillsets in other offices. During 2023, we also 
executed two successful capital markets transactions. It would 
be fair to say that 2023 was not just an active year for IGI in 
terms of seizing opportunities that would both expand and 
diversify our footprint, but also in continuing to build a strong 
foundation that would effectively and efficiently service our 
growing company. 

I said in my letter to you a year ago that our success is not 
just in the numbers we publish, but in the people that make 
up the IGI family. The results that you are seeing from IGI are 
the consequence of a consistently well-executed strategy, 
and a deep understanding of who we are and what our 
capabilities are. 

in the set of values that we live by, call it the IGI culture, 
our DNA, or our corporate character. Throughout what was 
in many ways a challenging year, we remained steadfastly 
focused, ultimately producing what are exceptional results 
and delivering on our promises largely because of our ability 
to maintain that cultural integrity that defines us. What’s most 
important to us is our ability to remain true to who we are and 
continue to do what we do best, but always strive to do it better. 

I thank every member of the IGI family for their dedication 
and commitment in continuing to advance our goal of 
creating consistent and sustainable long-term value for our 
shareholders through responsible and selective underwriting, 
and targeted growth and diversification.

On behalf of my fellow Directors, to our brokers, our clients, 
shareholders and all our stakeholders, thank you for your 
continued support of IGI. 

I am exceedingly proud of everyone at IGI for their resilience, 
discipline, and consistent and high-quality communication and 
collaboration. Again, I truly believe that we have a uniqueness 

Wasef S Jabsheh 
Executive Chairman 

Europe, Africa & Middle East

The Americas

Asia

5

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023

BUILDING ON  
STRONG FOUNDATIONS

“ Throughout what was in many ways 
a challenging year, we remained 
steadfastly focused, ultimately 
producing what are exceptional 
results and delivering on our 
promises largely because of our 
ability to maintain that cultural 
integrity that defines us. “ 

Wasef S Jabsheh  
Executive Chairman

 
SHAPING  
THE FUTURE

We will continue to be 
responsible stewards of 
shareholder capital, while 
building on the strong 
foundations of the past  
two decades. 

Waleed Jabsheh
President & CEO

YEAR IN REVIEW 
REPORT FROM THE PRESIDENT & CEO

It gives me great pleasure and pride to be writing to you for the first time as IGI’s 
Chief Executive Officer, a position I took on in mid-2023. I have been entrusted 
with great responsibility in taking over this role from my father and IGI founder, 
Wasef Jabsheh, who has built and led IGI’s successful track record for over two 
decades. I have been asked several times how I will put my own mark on IGI and 
what I will do differently. The simple answer is nothing dramatic; I will continue 
our focus on profitably growing and diversifying our portfolio, executing with 
precision, maintaining high-quality service to our clients, and actively and 
efficiently managing the capital entrusted to us so that we continue to generate 
strong shareholder value. Most importantly, as we grow and evolve, preserving 
our unique IGI culture is one of my single biggest priorities as that is what has 
driven our history of success. 

From our outset as a single modest office with three 
employees to a $600 million-plus market capitalized public 
company with over 400 people across eight offices globally, 
we have been able to maintain our small company culture, 
one that feels like a family, with a high level of engagement 
and commitment across all levels of our organization. It is 
a culture that fosters and drives the attitudes, actions and 
decisions of our people. This gives us a uniqueness that is not 
easy to replicate but can be difficult to maintain as we grow. I 
am especially proud of all our people for the decisions made 
throughout 2023 in anticipating and responding to challenging 
and shifting market conditions.

In 2023, we achieved record results across virtually all financial 
metrics, surpassing 2022 which was the best year in our 
Company’s history. Given the challenging market and economic 
conditions, as well as an increasingly concerning geo-political 
global landscape, this speaks solidly to our steadfast focus 
on intelligently managing our capital, moving swiftly to those 
areas of our business with the highest margins, actively 
positioning our investment portfolio, and ultimately returning 
excess capital to our shareholders. 

Our strategy is simple. We focus on specialty risks with an 
“underwriting first” philosophy, as that is where we believe 
we can achieve the best returns and add the most value for 
all our stakeholders. We are a predominantly facultative – or 
individual risk – underwriter, we understand our exposures 
and our capabilities, ensuring we stay within our well-defined 
risk appetite and risk tolerances. We focus on what we can do 
and do it well, while always striving to improve. Working off a 
single balance sheet across our group means we can make 
decisions quickly and intelligently and we are not competing 
with ourselves. Every team member understands what their 
individual and collective responsibility is, and also how what 
they do impacts the end result. We are details focused, we 
have a deep understanding of our markets with people on the 
ground providing cultural compatibility, we communicate with 
transparency, and we execute with precision.

Ultimately, we will continue to be responsible stewards of 
shareholder capital, while building on the strong foundations  
of the past two decades. 

We focus on what we can do and do it well, while 
always striving to improve. Working off a single 
balance sheet across our group means we can 
make decisions quickly and intelligently and we 
are not competing with ourselves.

8

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          FINANCIAL RESULTS

We produced record results again in 2023, exceeding the record 
results posted in 2022. Book value per share was $12.40 at year end 
2023, representing growth of 36.7% from year end 2022 and 67.3% for 
the 15 quarters since we became a public company. Growth in book 
value per share is our most important measure, as increases over 
time are a key indicator of long-term shareholder value creation. 

We reported record core operating income of $133.8 million, 
representing an increase of 42.5% over 2022. On a per share 
basis, core operating income increased 48.5%. Return on 
average shareholders’ equity was 24.8% and core operating 
return on average shareholders’ equity was 28.1%, 4.4 points 
above that of 2022.

During 2023, we grew our underwriting portfolio by 18.3% 
or $106.7 million to $688.7 million. To provide context on 
our growth in recent years, we have grown our business by 
almost 50% over the past three years. We generated record 
underwriting profit, with $183.1 million in underwriting income, 
representing an increase of 23.2% over 2022. Our combined 
ratio for 2023 was 76.7%, representing a 1.8-point improvement 
on 2022, and almost 10 points from 2021.

We saw solid growth in both the Short-tail and Reinsurance 
Segments during 2023, but we took an increasingly more 
cautious view in our Long-tail Segment where renewal rates, 
while still adequate, have trended down in many lines for the 
past 8 quarters and competition is intensifying. We expect this 
to continue in 2024. 

We continued to grow our balance sheet during 2023 while 
remaining fully unlevered. Total assets increased 16.3% to $1.8 
billion and total equity increased 31.5%, comfortably surpassing 
the half a billion dollar mark to $540.5 million in 2023. 

Our investment portfolio remains conservatively positioned with 
96% of invested assets in fixed income securities, term deposits 
and cash and cash equivalents. Throughout 2023, we took 
action to mitigate inflationary impacts by keeping the duration 
of our bond portfolio relatively steady with 2022, ending 2023 at 
an average duration of 3.2 years. Our fixed income portfolio is 
well-diversified by sector and by geography, with 76% having a 
credit rating of “A” or above and improved our overall average 
credit rating to “A”. We reported an increase in net investment 
income of almost 250% to $50.2 million and we expect that 
given the current interest rate environment, investment income 
will continue to grow through 2024. We will continue to look 
for opportunities to generate higher yields on our fixed income 
portfolio while maintaining our low risk profile.

From a capital management perspective, we are increasingly 
demonstrating our ability to pull the right levers to maximise 
shareholder value. During 2023, we continued to repurchase 
common shares under our existing 5 million common share 
repurchase authorization. In addition, during the year, we 
redeemed all outstanding warrants for cash at a total cost 
of $16.3 million. And as our Board stated in 2022 when we 
amended our dividend policy, we would consider special 
dividends as and when appropriate. I am pleased that our Board 
has declared a special cash dividend of 50 cents per common 
share for 2023, alongside the regular quarterly dividends.

For the remainder of 2024, as market opportunities remain 
relatively healthy overall in short-tail and reinsurance lines, we 
will prioritise using our capital to grow our business with the 
emphasis on maximising the overall profitability profile of IGI.  

We continued to grow our balance sheet 
during 2023 while remaining fully unlevered. 
Total assets increased 16.3% to $1.8 billion 
and total equity increased 31.5%, comfortably 
surpassing the half a billion dollar mark to 
$540.5 million in 2023.

9

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023

REACHING 
FURTHER

SUPPORTING 
GROWTH & 
SUCCESS

CORPORATE 
CITIZENSHIP 2023

Intrinsic to our IGI culture is investing time, 
compassion, and necessary funding in the many 
territories around the world where we live and  
work with the ultimate goal of making a positive 
impact for our colleagues, clients, shareholders, 
communities, and our planet. Individually and 
collectively, we feel a deep sense of responsibility  
to purposeful engagement in the well-being of our 
communities from many perspectives including 
socially, economically and environmentally. 

11

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023OPERATIONAL RESILIENCE 

One of our biggest focuses as we continue to grow is having the right 
infrastructure and the right people to support our growth, while 
preserving our culture and those unique attributes that have driven 
our success from the beginning.  

To this end, we took a number of significant steps during 2023 
to enhance our operations and provide greater efficiency. In line 
with the growth of our portfolio in recent years, we continued 
to expand our underwriting and operational capabilities, adding 
a total of 47 new people across our offices. This includes 
Bermuda where we added risk and actuarial talent, and Oslo 
where we completed the acquisition of energy MGA EIO with a 
view to increasing our product offering in the Nordic markets, 
while adding capabilities in our other regional offices. We also 
continued to supplement talent in our London underwriting 
center and Amman operational center. And importantly, we 
replaced what were previously outsourced roles with dedicated 
in-house teams to provide for greater control and efficiency.

These efforts are continuing in 2024. Having multiple functions 
represented across all our offices along with greater in-house 
capabilities allows us to equip and empower our people 
with sound information to make intelligent decisions, adapt 
quickly, efficiently and effectively to changing environments 
and find opportunities to continue to deliver on our promise of 
generating strong value for our shareholders. 

During 2023, we continued the support of charitable causes 
that align with our values – education, medical research and 
health initiatives, the arts and youth initiatives. Several years 
ago, we established The Hana Project, a research program 
at the Department of Neurological Science at the University 
of California, San Francisco School of Medicine focused 
exclusively on the development of improved therapies for 
glioblastoma patients, and our support continues today. 

In Bermuda, where IGI is domiciled and where we continued 
to build out our on-the-ground presence in 2023, we are 
partners with PALS, which provides vital support for cancer 
patients and their families, and the Bermuda Education 
Network, which provides learning support for teachers and 
students in the Island’s public education sector. 

12

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          OUTLOOK FOR 2024

As we did during 2023, our industry continues to face significant challenges: 
extreme weather, political and social polarity, and economic instability in many 
regions across the globe. Our sole purpose at IGI is to provide peace of mind in 
times of uncertainty and this has never been more in demand than it is today.   

While many areas of our business remain robust, many have 
become more pressured as competition is increasing and it is 
getting more challenging to find business that meets our risk 
adjusted return requirements. We have grown significantly 
over the past several years and while we expect to continue to 
grow during 2024, we are not averse to putting our foot on the 
brakes where and when required. We are maximizing current 
opportunities, while laying the foundation for tomorrow, so that 
we continue to navigate market cycles and allocate our capital 
in the most efficient manner. 

The significant enhancements we have made over the past 
several years have allowed us to enter new lines of business, 
expand into new geographies, make investments in our existing 
teams, and hire judiciously to build out new teams, while 
ensuring that we have the right technology and operational 
infrastructure in place. As always, our promise is to service 
our clients’ growing needs with efficiency, transparency and 
intelligence, so that we are always creating shareholder value.

In London, we continued our long-time support 
of Haven House Children’s Hospice, which serves 
families in large areas northeast of central London, 
and PalMusic UK, through the Edward Said National 
Conservatory, providing musical education to and 
promoting young Palestinian musicians.

And in Jordan, where more than half of our 400-
plus people are based and where we have long been 
active and strong supporters of our communities, 
we provided critical care and compassionate funding 
for cancer patients from Gaza being treated at the 
King Hussein Cancer Foundation and Center in 
Jordan, and we continued our educational support of 
underprivileged Jordanian children and young women. 

13

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023OUR THANKS

I want to thank all our people for their support, collaboration and leadership and 
their consistent dedication and commitment to fulfilling our promise to stakeholders 
and each other. I am excited to work together, to continue to challenge each other 
and ourselves. 

I look forward to working with our Board of Directors to steer IGI forward. Together, 
we face the remainder of 2024 and beyond with confidence and excitement at the 
opportunities in front of us, and a commitment to continuing the record that we have 
built at IGI. 

Most importantly, I thank our shareholders for their continued confidence  
and support.

Waleed Jabsheh
President & CEO

D&I continues to be a critical part of 
our culture at IGI as we believe that 
diverse and inclusive businesses are 
more innovative, creative and successful 
in the long-term. IGI is spread across 
8 offices around the world, but our 
people represent many more countries, 
communities and cultures.

We embrace our differences by 
focusing on mutual respect, inclusion, 
collaboration and empowerment. 
Among our many initiatives, we 
continued to support the Lloyd’s of 
London “Dive In Festival” promoting 
diversity and inclusion in insurance for 
the sixth consecutive year. 

Itatisincit, sandant que 
doluptati dolore eumque 

14

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

TOTAL  
ASSETS

$1.8b

2023

2022

0
.
0
8
5
,
1
$

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

9
.
7
3
8
,
1
$

+
16.3% 

UNDERWRITING 
INCOME

2023

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

1
.
3
8
1
$

2022

6
.
8
4
1
$

+
23.2% 

GROSS WRITTEN  
PREMIUMS

TOTAL  
EQUITY

BOOK VALUE  
PER SHARE

$688.7m

$540.5m

$12.40

2023

0
4
.
2
1
$

2022

7
0
.
9
$

+
36.7% 

2023

2022

0
.
2
8
5
$

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

7
.
8
8
6
$

+
18.3% 

COMBINED 
RATIO

2022

2023

%
5
.
8
7

%
7
.
6
7

+
1.8bps 
IMPROVEMENT 

2023

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

5
.
0
4
5
$

2022

0
.
1
1
4
$

+
31.5% 

CORE OPERATING 
INCOME

2023

n
o
i
l
l
i

M

8
.
3
3
1
$

2022

9
.
3
9
$

+
42.5% 

CORE OPERATING  
EARNINGS PER SHARE

CORE OPERATING RETURN 
ON AVERAGE EQUITY

2023

2022

%
7
.
3
2

%
1
.
8
2

+
4.4bps 
IMPROVEMENT 

2023

2022

4
9
.
1
$

8
8
.
2
$

+
48.5% 

15

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

UNITED STATES 

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

________________________________________

FORM 20-F

________________________________________

(Mark One)

 REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF 

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

OR

OR

 SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

Commission File Number: 001-39255

________________________________________

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________________________

Not applicable

Bermuda

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan 

74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan 

+962 6 562 2009 

(Address of principal executive offices)

________________________________________

Rawan Alsulaiman 

+962 6 562 2009 

Rawan.Alsulaiman@iginsure.com

________________________________________

(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common shares, $0.01 par value per share

IGIC

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

________________________________________

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023  
UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

________________________________________

FORM 20-F
________________________________________

(Mark One)

 REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF 
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

OR

 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

 SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF 
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

Commission File Number: 001-39255
________________________________________

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________

Not applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Bermuda
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan 
+962 6 562 2009 
(Address of principal executive offices)
________________________________________

Rawan Alsulaiman 
74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan 
+962 6 562 2009 
Rawan.Alsulaiman@iginsure.com
(Name, Telephone, Email and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)
________________________________________

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
Common shares, $0.01 par value per share

Trading Symbol(s)
IGIC

Name of each exchange on which registered
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

________________________________________

16

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. Annual Report 2021  
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the 

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.

close of the period covered by the annual report: 46,074,179

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 

Act. Yes  No 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file 

reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes  No 

Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 

15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required 
to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or 
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated 
filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” and “emerging 
growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer  

Accelerated filer  

Non-accelerated filer  
Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by 
check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised 
financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment 
of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 
(15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial 
statements  of  the  registrant  included  in  the  filing  reflect  the  correction  of  an  error  to  previously  issued  financial 
statements. 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis 
of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery 
period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements 

included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the 
International Accounting Standards Board 

Other 

If  “Other”  has  been  checked  in  response  to  the  previous  question,  indicate  by  check  mark  which  financial 

statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17  Item 18 

If  this  is  an  annual  report,  indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  shell  company  (as  defined  in 

Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No 

† 

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards 
Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Item 1�

Item 2�

Item 3�

Item 4�

Item 5�

Item 6�

Item 7�

Item 8�

Item 9�

Item 10�

Item 11�

Item 12�

Item 13�

Item 14�

Item 15�

Item 16�

 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT U�S� GAAP AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES � � � �

 FREQUENTLY USED TERMS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 PART I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Key Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Information on the Company  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 4A�

 Unresolved Staff Comments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Directors, Senior Management and Employees  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Financial Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 The Offer and Listing � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Additional Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Description of Securities other than Equity Securities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 PART II � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Controls and Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 [Reserved] � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16A�

 Audit Committee Financial Expert � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16B�

 Code of Ethics � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16C�

 Principal Accountant Fees and Services � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16D�

 Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16E�

 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16F�

 Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16G�

 Corporate Governance  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16H�

 Mine Safety Disclosure � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16I�

Item 16J�

 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Insider Trading Policies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 16k�

 Cybersecurity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 PART III  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Item 17�

Item 18�

Item 19�

 Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 Exhibits � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

PAGE

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17

i

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023 
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the 

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL INSURANCE HOLDINGS LTD.

close of the period covered by the annual report: 46,074,179

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities 

Act. Yes  No 

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file 

reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes  No 

Note — Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 

15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 

required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required 

to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or 

for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated 

filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “accelerated filer,” “large accelerated filer,” and “emerging 

growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer  

Accelerated filer  

Non-accelerated filer  

Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by 

check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised 

financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment 

of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 

(15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial 

statements  of  the  registrant  included  in  the  filing  reflect  the  correction  of  an  error  to  previously  issued  financial 

statements. 

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis 

of incentive based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery 

period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). 

included in this filing:

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements 

U.S. GAAP 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the 

Other 

International Accounting Standards Board 

If  “Other”  has  been  checked  in  response  to  the  previous  question,  indicate  by  check  mark  which  financial 

statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17  Item 18 

If  this  is  an  annual  report,  indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  shell  company  (as  defined  in 

Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  No 

† 

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards 

Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
 IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT U�S� GAAP AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES � � � �
 FREQUENTLY USED TERMS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

 PART I � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 1�
 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 2�
 Key Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 3�
 Information on the Company  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 4�
 Unresolved Staff Comments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 4A�
 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 5�
 Directors, Senior Management and Employees  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 6�
 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 7�
 Financial Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 8�
 The Offer and Listing � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 9�
 Additional Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 10�
 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 11�
 Description of Securities other than Equity Securities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 12�

 PART II � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 13�
 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 14�
 Controls and Procedures � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 15�
 [Reserved] � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16�
 Audit Committee Financial Expert � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16A�
 Code of Ethics � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16B�
 Principal Accountant Fees and Services � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16C�
 Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16D�
 Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16E�
 Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16F�
 Corporate Governance  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16G�
 Mine Safety Disclosure � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16H�
 Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16I�
 Insider Trading Policies � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16J�
 Cybersecurity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 16k�

 PART III  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
 Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 17�
 Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 18�
 Exhibits � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Item 19�

PAGE
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i

18

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.           
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT U.S. GAAP AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Some  of  the  statements  in  this  annual  report  on  Form  20-F  (this  “annual  report”)  of  International  General 
Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company (“we,” “IGI” or the “Company”), constitute forward-looking 
statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on such 
statements  because  they  are  subject  to  numerous  uncertainties  and  factors  relating  to  our  operations  and  business 
environment,  all  of  which  are  difficult  to  predict  and  many  of  which  are  beyond  our  control.  Forward-looking 
statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions 
of our business strategy. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such 
as ability,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “can,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “estimate,” “expect,” 
“forecast,” “hope,” “impact,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “positioned,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” 
“should,” “strategy,” “target,” “value,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions. You should read statements that contain 
these words carefully because they:

• 

• 

• 

discuss future expectations;

contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition; or

state other “forward-looking” information.

All such forward-looking statements involve estimates and assumptions that are subject to risks, uncertainties 
and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in the statements. We 
believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our security holders. However, there may be events in the 
future that we are not able to predict accurately or over which they have no control. The risk factors and cautionary 
language discussed in this annual report provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause actual 
results to differ materially from the expectations described by us in such forward-looking statements, including among 
other things:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

changes in demand for IGI’s services together with the possibility that IGI may be adversely affected by 
other economic, business, and/or competitive factors globally and in the regions in which it operates;

competition, the ability of IGI to grow and manage growth profitably and IGI’s ability to retain its key 
employees;

changes in applicable laws or regulations;

the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the Company;

the  effects  of  the  hostilities  between  Russia  and  Ukraine  and  the  sanctions  imposed  on  Russia  by  the 
United States, European Union, United Kingdom and others;

the  effects  of  the  military  conflict  between  Israel  and  Hamas  and  the  humanitarian  crisis  resulting 
therefrom;

the inability to maintain the listing of the Company’s common shares on Nasdaq; and

other risks and uncertainties indicated in IGI’s filings with the SEC, including the risks discussed under 
the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.

These risks could cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements 

contained in this annual report.

All forward-looking statements included herein attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly 
qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Except to the extent 
required by applicable laws and regulations, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to 
reflect events or circumstances after the date of this annual report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

Our  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  Generally  Accepted  Accounting 

Principles (referred to in this annual report as “U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). We refer in various places within this annual 

report  to  core  operating  income  and  core  operating  return  on  average  equity,  which  are  non-GAAP  measures  that 

are more fully explained in “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The presentation of this non-GAAP 

information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our consolidated financial results prepared 

in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

As used in this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” 

“IGI,” the “Group” and the “Company,” refer to International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted 

company, and its consolidated subsidiaries subsequent to the Business Combination and references to “IGI Dubai” 

refer to our wholly owned subsidiary International General Insurance Holdings Limited, a company organized under 

the laws of the Dubai International Financial Centre, on a stand-alone basis.

In this annual report:

“2020 Plan” means the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.

“Amended and Restated Bye-laws” means the amended and restated bye-laws of the Company.

“Business Combination Agreement” means the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 10, 

2019, as amended, by and among Tiberius, IGI Dubai, the Purchaser Representative, the Seller Representative and, 

pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company and Merger Sub.

“Business Combination” means the Merger, the Share Exchange and the other transactions contemplated by the 

Business Combination Agreement that were completed on March 17, 2020.

“Cash Consideration” means an aggregate of $80.0 million paid to the Sellers in connection with the Share 

Exchange.

“Closing” means the closing of the Business Combination on March 17, 2020.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Companies Act” means the Companies Act of 1981 of Bermuda, as amended.

“Company” or “IGI” or “Group” means International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted 

company, which became the parent company of Tiberius and IGI Dubai as a result of the Business Combination.

“Equity  Consideration”  means  common  shares  of  the  Company  issued  to  the  Sellers  equal  in  value  to  the 

Transaction Consideration minus the Cash Consideration.

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exchange Shares” means common shares of the Company equal in value to the total Transaction Consideration 

less $80.0 million of Cash Consideration issued to former shareholders of IGI Dubai in exchange for their IGI Dubai 

shares.

Board (“IASB”).

Combination.

“IFRS” refers to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 

“IGI  Dubai”  means  International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.,  a  company  organized  under  the  laws  of 

the  Dubai  International  Financial  Centre,  which  became  a  subsidiary  of  the  Company  as  a  result  of  the  Business 

“IGI Bermuda” means International General Insurance Co. Ltd.

“IGI Europe” means International General Insurance Company (Europe) Ltd

ii

iii

19

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Some  of  the  statements  in  this  annual  report  on  Form  20-F  (this  “annual  report”)  of  International  General 

Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted company (“we,” “IGI” or the “Company”), constitute forward-looking 

statements that do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. You should not place undue reliance on such 

statements  because  they  are  subject  to  numerous  uncertainties  and  factors  relating  to  our  operations  and  business 

environment,  all  of  which  are  difficult  to  predict  and  many  of  which  are  beyond  our  control.  Forward-looking 

statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions 

of our business strategy. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such 

as ability,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “budget,” “can,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “estimate,” “expect,” 

“forecast,” “hope,” “impact,” “intend,” “may,” “outlook,” “plan,” “positioned,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “seek,” 

“should,” “strategy,” “target,” “value,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions. You should read statements that contain 

these words carefully because they:

discuss future expectations;

contain projections of future results of operations or financial condition; or

state other “forward-looking” information.

All such forward-looking statements involve estimates and assumptions that are subject to risks, uncertainties 

and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in the statements. We 

believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our security holders. However, there may be events in the 

future that we are not able to predict accurately or over which they have no control. The risk factors and cautionary 

language discussed in this annual report provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause actual 

results to differ materially from the expectations described by us in such forward-looking statements, including among 

other things:

changes in demand for IGI’s services together with the possibility that IGI may be adversely affected by 

other economic, business, and/or competitive factors globally and in the regions in which it operates;

employees;

changes in applicable laws or regulations;

the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against the Company;

the  effects  of  the  hostilities  between  Russia  and  Ukraine  and  the  sanctions  imposed  on  Russia  by  the 

United States, European Union, United Kingdom and others;

the  effects  of  the  military  conflict  between  Israel  and  Hamas  and  the  humanitarian  crisis  resulting 

therefrom;

the inability to maintain the listing of the Company’s common shares on Nasdaq; and

other risks and uncertainties indicated in IGI’s filings with the SEC, including the risks discussed under 

the “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this annual report on Form 20-F.

These risks could cause actual results to differ materially from those implied by the forward-looking statements 

contained in this annual report.

All forward-looking statements included herein attributable to us or any person acting on our behalf are expressly 

qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained or referred to in this section. Except to the extent 

required by applicable laws and regulations, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to 

reflect events or circumstances after the date of this annual report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT U.S. GAAP AND NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

Our  financial  statements  are  prepared  in  accordance  with  United  States  Generally  Accepted  Accounting 
Principles (referred to in this annual report as “U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP”). We refer in various places within this annual 
report  to  core  operating  income  and  core  operating  return  on  average  equity,  which  are  non-GAAP  measures  that 
are more fully explained in “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.” The presentation of this non-GAAP 
information is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for our consolidated financial results prepared 
in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

FREQUENTLY USED TERMS

As used in this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” 
“IGI,” the “Group” and the “Company,” refer to International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted 
company, and its consolidated subsidiaries subsequent to the Business Combination and references to “IGI Dubai” 
refer to our wholly owned subsidiary International General Insurance Holdings Limited, a company organized under 
the laws of the Dubai International Financial Centre, on a stand-alone basis.

In this annual report:

“2020 Plan” means the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan of the Company.

“Amended and Restated Bye-laws” means the amended and restated bye-laws of the Company.

“Business Combination Agreement” means the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 10, 
2019, as amended, by and among Tiberius, IGI Dubai, the Purchaser Representative, the Seller Representative and, 
pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company and Merger Sub.

“Business Combination” means the Merger, the Share Exchange and the other transactions contemplated by the 

Business Combination Agreement that were completed on March 17, 2020.

“Cash Consideration” means an aggregate of $80.0 million paid to the Sellers in connection with the Share 

competition, the ability of IGI to grow and manage growth profitably and IGI’s ability to retain its key 

Exchange.

“Closing” means the closing of the Business Combination on March 17, 2020.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

“Companies Act” means the Companies Act of 1981 of Bermuda, as amended.

“Company” or “IGI” or “Group” means International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., a Bermuda exempted 

company, which became the parent company of Tiberius and IGI Dubai as a result of the Business Combination.

“Equity  Consideration”  means  common  shares  of  the  Company  issued  to  the  Sellers  equal  in  value  to  the 

Transaction Consideration minus the Cash Consideration.

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Exchange Shares” means common shares of the Company equal in value to the total Transaction Consideration 
less $80.0 million of Cash Consideration issued to former shareholders of IGI Dubai in exchange for their IGI Dubai 
shares.

“IFRS” refers to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards 

Board (“IASB”).

“IGI  Dubai”  means  International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.,  a  company  organized  under  the  laws  of 
the  Dubai  International  Financial  Centre,  which  became  a  subsidiary  of  the  Company  as  a  result  of  the  Business 
Combination.

“IGI Bermuda” means International General Insurance Co. Ltd.

“IGI Europe” means International General Insurance Company (Europe) Ltd

ii

iii

20

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          “IGI Nordic” means International General Insurance Company Nordic AS

“IGI UK” means International General Insurance Company (UK) Limited.

“Insurance Act” means the Insurance Act of 1978 of Bermuda, as amended, and related rules and regulations.

“Tiberius warrant” means a warrant to purchase one share of Tiberius common stock at a price of $11.50 per 

share.

“Transaction Consideration” means the total consideration paid by the Company to the Sellers for their shares 

of IGI as part of the Business Combination, consisting of Cash Consideration and Equity Consideration.

“IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service of the United States.

“USD” or “$” means the currency in dollars of the United States of America.

“Jabsheh Director” means a director appointed by Wasef Jabsheh in accordance with the Amended and Restated 

“U.S. GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

“warrant” means a warrant to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $11.50 per share.

Bye-laws.

“Jabsheh  Family”  means  members  of  Wasef  Jabsheh’s  immediate  family  and/or  natural  lineal  descendants 
of Wasef  Jabsheh  or  a  trust  or  other  similar  entity  established  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of Wasef  Jabsheh  and  his 
immediate family and natural lineal descendants.

“Labuan Branch” means the Labuan Branch of International General Insurance Co. Ltd.

“Merger” means the merger of Merger Sub with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving such merger.

“Merger Sub” means Tiberius Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the 

Company that merged with and into Tiberius as part of the Business Combination.

“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Non-Competition  Agreement”  means  the  Non-Competition  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement,  dated 

October 10, 2019, among Wasef Jabsheh, Tiberius and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company.

“Ominvest” means Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG.

“private  warrants”  means  4,500,000  warrants  of  the  Company  issued  in  exchange  for  4,500,000  Tiberius 

private warrants at the closing of the Business Combination.

“Purchaser Representative” means Lagniappe Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Registration Rights Agreement” means the registration rights agreement, dated as of March 17, 2020, by and 

among the Company, the Purchaser Representative, and the Sellers party thereto as “Investors” thereunder.

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as amended.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sellers” means the shareholders of IGI who are parties to the Share Exchange Agreements.

“Seller  Representative”  means  Wasef  Jabsheh,  who  executed  the  Business  Combination Agreement  in  his 

capacity as the representative of the Sellers.

“Share  Exchange”  means  the  exchange  of  all  of  the  share  capital  of  IGI  Dubai  as  part  of  the  Business 

Combination for a combination of our common shares and aggregate cash consideration of $80.0 million.

“Share Exchange Agreements” means the Share Exchange Agreements, dated October 10, 2019 or otherwise 
prior to the Closing, by and among the holders of all of the outstanding share capital of IGI Dubai, Tiberius and the 
Seller Representative and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company.

“Sponsor” means Lagniappe Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Sponsor Share Letter” means the letter agreement between the Sponsor, Tiberius, IGI Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh 
and Argo Re Limited, dated October 10, 2019, to which the Company became a party after the date thereof by executing 
and delivering a joinder thereto.

“Tiberius” means Tiberius Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation, which became a subsidiary of the 

Company as a result of the Business Combination, and which has subsequently been dissolved.

“Tiberius common stock” means shares of common stock of Tiberius, par value $0.0001 per share.

iv

v

21

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023“IGI Nordic” means International General Insurance Company Nordic AS

“IGI UK” means International General Insurance Company (UK) Limited.

“Insurance Act” means the Insurance Act of 1978 of Bermuda, as amended, and related rules and regulations.

“Tiberius warrant” means a warrant to purchase one share of Tiberius common stock at a price of $11.50 per 

share.

“Transaction Consideration” means the total consideration paid by the Company to the Sellers for their shares 

of IGI as part of the Business Combination, consisting of Cash Consideration and Equity Consideration.

“IRS” means the Internal Revenue Service of the United States.

“USD” or “$” means the currency in dollars of the United States of America.

“Jabsheh Director” means a director appointed by Wasef Jabsheh in accordance with the Amended and Restated 

“U.S. GAAP” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.

“warrant” means a warrant to purchase one common share of the Company at a price of $11.50 per share.

Bye-laws.

“Jabsheh  Family”  means  members  of  Wasef  Jabsheh’s  immediate  family  and/or  natural  lineal  descendants 

of Wasef  Jabsheh  or  a  trust  or  other  similar  entity  established  for  the  exclusive  benefit  of Wasef  Jabsheh  and  his 

immediate family and natural lineal descendants.

“Labuan Branch” means the Labuan Branch of International General Insurance Co. Ltd.

“Merger” means the merger of Merger Sub with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving such merger.

“Merger Sub” means Tiberius Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the 

Company that merged with and into Tiberius as part of the Business Combination.

“Nasdaq” means the Nasdaq Capital Market.

“Non-Competition  Agreement”  means  the  Non-Competition  and  Non-Solicitation  Agreement,  dated 

October 10, 2019, among Wasef Jabsheh, Tiberius and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company.

“Ominvest” means Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG.

“private  warrants”  means  4,500,000  warrants  of  the  Company  issued  in  exchange  for  4,500,000  Tiberius 

private warrants at the closing of the Business Combination.

“Purchaser Representative” means Lagniappe Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Registration Rights Agreement” means the registration rights agreement, dated as of March 17, 2020, by and 

among the Company, the Purchaser Representative, and the Sellers party thereto as “Investors” thereunder.

“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as amended.

“SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sellers” means the shareholders of IGI who are parties to the Share Exchange Agreements.

“Seller  Representative”  means  Wasef  Jabsheh,  who  executed  the  Business  Combination Agreement  in  his 

capacity as the representative of the Sellers.

“Share  Exchange”  means  the  exchange  of  all  of  the  share  capital  of  IGI  Dubai  as  part  of  the  Business 

Combination for a combination of our common shares and aggregate cash consideration of $80.0 million.

“Share Exchange Agreements” means the Share Exchange Agreements, dated October 10, 2019 or otherwise 

prior to the Closing, by and among the holders of all of the outstanding share capital of IGI Dubai, Tiberius and the 

Seller Representative and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company.

“Sponsor” means Lagniappe Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

“Sponsor Share Letter” means the letter agreement between the Sponsor, Tiberius, IGI Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh 

and Argo Re Limited, dated October 10, 2019, to which the Company became a party after the date thereof by executing 

and delivering a joinder thereto.

“Tiberius” means Tiberius Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation, which became a subsidiary of the 

Company as a result of the Business Combination, and which has subsequently been dissolved.

“Tiberius common stock” means shares of common stock of Tiberius, par value $0.0001 per share.

iv

v

22

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          PART I

ITEM 1. 

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.  OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.  KEY INFORMATION

A. [Reserved]

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following 
risks and other information in this annual report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes 
included herein, in connection with your ownership of our securities. If any of the events described below occur, our 
business and financial results could be adversely affected in a material way. This could cause the trading price of our 
securities to decline, perhaps significantly, and you therefore may lose all or part of your investment. The risks set out 
below are not exhaustive and do not comprise all of the risks associated with an investment in the Company. Additional 
risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or which we currently deem immaterial may also have a material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and/or its share price.

Summary of Risk Factors

The following is a summary of certain, but not all, of the risks that could adversely affect our business, operations 
and financial results. If any of the risks actually occur, our business could be materially impaired, the trading price of 
our common shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to the Insurance and Reinsurance Industry

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

If our underwriters fail to assess accurately the underwritten risks or fail to comply with internal guidelines 
on underwriting, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive.

Consolidation in the insurance and reinsurance industry could adversely impact us.

Our operating results are affected by the cyclicality of the insurance and reinsurance industry.

If  market  conditions  cause  reinsurance  to  be  more  costly  or  unavailable,  we  may  be  required  to  bear 
increased risks or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.

The Company and its operating subsidiaries are subject to extensive laws and regulations. Any failure to 
comply with existing regulations or material changes in regulations could have a material adverse effect 
on us.

Increasing barriers to free trade and the free flow of capital and fluctuations in the financial markets could 
adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance industry and our business.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Public health crises, illness, epidemics or pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely 

impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

Potential government intervention in the insurance industry and instability in the marketplace for insurance 

products could hinder our flexibility and negatively affect our business opportunities.

Claims arising from catastrophic events are unpredictable and could be severe.

Changing climate conditions may increase the frequency and severity of catastrophic events and thereby 

adversely affect our business.

Our investment portfolio and political risk underwriting exposures may be materially adversely affected 

by global climate change regulation and other factors.

Emerging claim and coverage issues, such as (but not limited to) bad faith claims or disputed policy terms, 

could have an adverse effect on our business.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations

If our loss reserves are insufficient, it will have a negative impact on our results.

Certain countries in which we operate are a high-risk environment for investment and business activities.

•  We are subject to laws relating to anti-corruption, anti-money laundering and economic sanctions.

•  We rely on brokers to source our business and we may suffer if our relationships with brokers deteriorate.

•  We could be materially adversely affected if agents and other producers exceed their underwriting authority 

or if our agents, insureds or other parties commit fraud or breach obligations owed to us.

•  We may be exposed to claims for large losses related to uncorrelated events that occur at the same time.

• 

The availability of reinsurance and retrocessional coverage to limit our exposure to risks may be limited.

•  We may be faced with a liquidity shortfall following a large loss or a series of large losses due to the 

settlement of claims prior to the receipt of monies due under outwards reinsurance arrangements.

If our risk management and loss mitigation methods fail to adequately manage our exposure to losses, the 

losses we incur could be materially higher than our expectations.

Many of our assets are invested in fixed maturity securities and are subject to market fluctuations and 

global interest rates.

Losses on our investments may reduce our overall capital and profitability.

If our determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments turns out to 

be incorrect, this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

A decline in the ratings of our operating subsidiaries could adversely affect our business.

The risk associated with underwriting treaty reinsurance business could adversely affect us.

Deterioration  in  the  creditworthiness  of,  defaults  by,  commingling  of  funds  by,  or  reputational  issues 

related to our counterparties could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the failure of policyholders, brokers or others to honor 

their payment obligations.

Our liquidity and counterparty risk exposures may be affected by the impairment of financial institutions.

•  We are exposed to credit risk in certain areas of our operations.

•  We may not be able to raise capital in the long term on favorable terms or at all.

1

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23

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ITEM 1. 

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

PART I

ITEM 2.  OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.  KEY INFORMATION

A. [Reserved]

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following 

risks and other information in this annual report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes 

included herein, in connection with your ownership of our securities. If any of the events described below occur, our 

business and financial results could be adversely affected in a material way. This could cause the trading price of our 

securities to decline, perhaps significantly, and you therefore may lose all or part of your investment. The risks set out 

below are not exhaustive and do not comprise all of the risks associated with an investment in the Company. Additional 

risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or which we currently deem immaterial may also have a material 

adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and/or its share price.

Summary of Risk Factors

The following is a summary of certain, but not all, of the risks that could adversely affect our business, operations 

and financial results. If any of the risks actually occur, our business could be materially impaired, the trading price of 

our common shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Relating to the Insurance and Reinsurance Industry

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

If our underwriters fail to assess accurately the underwritten risks or fail to comply with internal guidelines 

on underwriting, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive.

Consolidation in the insurance and reinsurance industry could adversely impact us.

Our operating results are affected by the cyclicality of the insurance and reinsurance industry.

If  market  conditions  cause  reinsurance  to  be  more  costly  or  unavailable,  we  may  be  required  to  bear 

increased risks or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.

The Company and its operating subsidiaries are subject to extensive laws and regulations. Any failure to 

comply with existing regulations or material changes in regulations could have a material adverse effect 

on us.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Public health crises, illness, epidemics or pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely 
impact our business, operating results and financial condition.

Potential government intervention in the insurance industry and instability in the marketplace for insurance 
products could hinder our flexibility and negatively affect our business opportunities.

Claims arising from catastrophic events are unpredictable and could be severe.

Changing climate conditions may increase the frequency and severity of catastrophic events and thereby 
adversely affect our business.

Our investment portfolio and political risk underwriting exposures may be materially adversely affected 
by global climate change regulation and other factors.

Emerging claim and coverage issues, such as (but not limited to) bad faith claims or disputed policy terms, 
could have an adverse effect on our business.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations

• 

• 

If our loss reserves are insufficient, it will have a negative impact on our results.

Certain countries in which we operate are a high-risk environment for investment and business activities.

•  We are subject to laws relating to anti-corruption, anti-money laundering and economic sanctions.

•  We rely on brokers to source our business and we may suffer if our relationships with brokers deteriorate.

•  We could be materially adversely affected if agents and other producers exceed their underwriting authority 

or if our agents, insureds or other parties commit fraud or breach obligations owed to us.

•  We may be exposed to claims for large losses related to uncorrelated events that occur at the same time.

• 

The availability of reinsurance and retrocessional coverage to limit our exposure to risks may be limited.

•  We may be faced with a liquidity shortfall following a large loss or a series of large losses due to the 

settlement of claims prior to the receipt of monies due under outwards reinsurance arrangements.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

If our risk management and loss mitigation methods fail to adequately manage our exposure to losses, the 
losses we incur could be materially higher than our expectations.

Many of our assets are invested in fixed maturity securities and are subject to market fluctuations and 
global interest rates.

Losses on our investments may reduce our overall capital and profitability.

If our determination of the amount of allowances and impairments taken on our investments turns out to 
be incorrect, this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

A decline in the ratings of our operating subsidiaries could adversely affect our business.

The risk associated with underwriting treaty reinsurance business could adversely affect us.

Deterioration  in  the  creditworthiness  of,  defaults  by,  commingling  of  funds  by,  or  reputational  issues 
related to our counterparties could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the failure of policyholders, brokers or others to honor 
their payment obligations.

Our liquidity and counterparty risk exposures may be affected by the impairment of financial institutions.

• 

Increasing barriers to free trade and the free flow of capital and fluctuations in the financial markets could 

•  We are exposed to credit risk in certain areas of our operations.

adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance industry and our business.

•  We may not be able to raise capital in the long term on favorable terms or at all.

1

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          •  We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, which could damage our reputation.

RISK FACTORS

• 

• 

Information technology systems that we use could fail or suffer a security breach, which could have a 
material adverse effect on us or result in the loss of sensitive information.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by an unexpected accumulation of attritional losses.

•  We are dependent on the use of third-party software, and any reduction in third-party product quality or 

failure to comply with our licensing requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•  We are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results.

• 

If actual renewals of our existing policies and contracts do not meet expectations, our future operating 
results could be materially adversely affected.

General Risk Factors

• 

• 

• 

A prolonged recession or deterioration in macroeconomic conditions could adversely affect our business.

Changes in employment laws, taxation and compensation practice may limit our ability to attract senior 
employees.

condition.

Changes  in  the  accounting  principles  and  financial  reporting  requirements  could  impact  our  reported 
financial results and reported financial condition.

Risks Relating to the Insurance and Reinsurance Industry

If our underwriters fail to assess accurately the underwritten risks or fail to comply with internal guidelines on 

underwriting or their underwriting authority or if events or circumstances cause the underwriters’ risk assessment 

to be incorrect, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

Our  underwriting  results  depend  on  whether  the  claims  brought  by  policyholders  are  consistent  with  the 

assumptions and pricing models we use in underwriting and pricing our insurance covers. It is not possible to predict 

with certainty whether a single risk or a portfolio of risks underwritten by us will result in a loss, or the timing and 

severity  of  any  loss  that  does  occur.  If  our  underwriters  fail  to  assess  accurately  the  underwritten  risks  or  fail  to 

comply with internal guidelines on underwriting or their underwriting authority or if events or circumstances cause the 

underwriters’ risk assessment to be incorrect, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated 

with such risks. Losses may also arise from events or exposures that are not anticipated when the coverage is priced. In 

addition to unanticipated events which increase losses beyond our expectations, we also face the risk of the potential 

unanticipated  expansion  of  our  exposures,  particularly  in  long-tail  liability  lines  of  business. Any  failure  by  us  to 

manage the risks that we underwrite could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 

The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive; competitive pressures may result in fewer policies 

underwritten, lower premium rates, increased expense for customer acquisition and retention and less favorable 

policy terms and conditions.

We operate in highly competitive markets. Customers may evaluate us and our competitors on a number of factors, 

including financial strength, underwriting capacity, expertise, local presence, reputation, experience and qualifications 

of  employees,  client  relationships,  geographic  scope  of  business,  products  and  services  offered  (including  ease  of 

doing business over the electronic placement platforms), premiums charged, ratings assigned by independent rating 

agencies, contract terms and conditions and the speed of claims payment.

Our  competitors  include  independent  reinsurance  and  insurance  companies,  subsidiaries  or  affiliates  of 

established worldwide insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain insurance companies and domestic 

and international underwriting operations. Some of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and 

have established long term and continuing business relationships throughout the industry, which can be a significant 

competitive advantage. In addition, the lack of strong barriers to entry into the reinsurance business and the entry of 

alternative capital markets products and vehicles provide additional sources of insurance and reinsurance capacity and 

increased competition. We directly compete with large companies, smaller companies and other niche insurers and 

reinsurers. See “Business — Competition”.

Our competitors vary by offered product line and covered territory. We also compete with new companies that 

enter the insurance and reinsurance markets, particularly companies with new or “disruptive” technologies or business 

models. Capital markets participants have created alternative products that are intended to compete with reinsurance 

products. Recently, the insurance industry has faced increased competition from new underwriting capacity, such as 

the investment of significant amounts of capital by pension funds, mutual funds, hedge funds and other sources of 

alternative capital primarily into the natural catastrophe insurance and reinsurance businesses. In addition, technology 

companies and other third parties have created, and may in the future create, technology-enabled business models, 

processes, platforms or alternate distribution channels that may adversely impact our competitive position.

The nature of the competition we face may be affected by disruption and deterioration in global financial markets 

and economic downturns, including as a result of the war in Ukraine, the hostilities between Israel and Hamas and 

the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as by governmental responses thereto. For example, (i) government 

intervention might result in capital or other support for our competitors, (ii) governments may provide insurance and 

reinsurance capacity in markets and to consumers that we target, (iii) governments may take actions to reduce interest 

rates, impacting the value of and returns on fixed income investments or (iv) government intervention intended to 

protect consumers may restrict increases in premium rates.

3

4

25

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023•  We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, which could damage our reputation.

RISK FACTORS

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Information technology systems that we use could fail or suffer a security breach, which could have a 

material adverse effect on us or result in the loss of sensitive information.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by an unexpected accumulation of attritional losses.

•  We are dependent on the use of third-party software, and any reduction in third-party product quality or 

failure to comply with our licensing requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business.

•  We are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results.

• 

If actual renewals of our existing policies and contracts do not meet expectations, our future operating 

results could be materially adversely affected.

General Risk Factors

employees.

A prolonged recession or deterioration in macroeconomic conditions could adversely affect our business.

Changes in employment laws, taxation and compensation practice may limit our ability to attract senior 

Changes  in  the  accounting  principles  and  financial  reporting  requirements  could  impact  our  reported 

financial results and reported financial condition.

Risks Relating to the Insurance and Reinsurance Industry

If our underwriters fail to assess accurately the underwritten risks or fail to comply with internal guidelines on 
underwriting or their underwriting authority or if events or circumstances cause the underwriters’ risk assessment 
to be incorrect, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

Our  underwriting  results  depend  on  whether  the  claims  brought  by  policyholders  are  consistent  with  the 
assumptions and pricing models we use in underwriting and pricing our insurance covers. It is not possible to predict 
with certainty whether a single risk or a portfolio of risks underwritten by us will result in a loss, or the timing and 
severity  of  any  loss  that  does  occur.  If  our  underwriters  fail  to  assess  accurately  the  underwritten  risks  or  fail  to 
comply with internal guidelines on underwriting or their underwriting authority or if events or circumstances cause the 
underwriters’ risk assessment to be incorrect, our premiums may prove to be inadequate to cover the losses associated 
with such risks. Losses may also arise from events or exposures that are not anticipated when the coverage is priced. In 
addition to unanticipated events which increase losses beyond our expectations, we also face the risk of the potential 
unanticipated  expansion  of  our  exposures,  particularly  in  long-tail  liability  lines  of  business. Any  failure  by  us  to 
manage the risks that we underwrite could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 
condition.

The insurance and reinsurance industries are highly competitive; competitive pressures may result in fewer policies 
underwritten, lower premium rates, increased expense for customer acquisition and retention and less favorable 
policy terms and conditions.

We operate in highly competitive markets. Customers may evaluate us and our competitors on a number of factors, 
including financial strength, underwriting capacity, expertise, local presence, reputation, experience and qualifications 
of  employees,  client  relationships,  geographic  scope  of  business,  products  and  services  offered  (including  ease  of 
doing business over the electronic placement platforms), premiums charged, ratings assigned by independent rating 
agencies, contract terms and conditions and the speed of claims payment.

Our  competitors  include  independent  reinsurance  and  insurance  companies,  subsidiaries  or  affiliates  of 
established worldwide insurance companies, reinsurance departments of certain insurance companies and domestic 
and international underwriting operations. Some of these competitors have greater financial resources than we do and 
have established long term and continuing business relationships throughout the industry, which can be a significant 
competitive advantage. In addition, the lack of strong barriers to entry into the reinsurance business and the entry of 
alternative capital markets products and vehicles provide additional sources of insurance and reinsurance capacity and 
increased competition. We directly compete with large companies, smaller companies and other niche insurers and 
reinsurers. See “Business — Competition”.

Our competitors vary by offered product line and covered territory. We also compete with new companies that 
enter the insurance and reinsurance markets, particularly companies with new or “disruptive” technologies or business 
models. Capital markets participants have created alternative products that are intended to compete with reinsurance 
products. Recently, the insurance industry has faced increased competition from new underwriting capacity, such as 
the investment of significant amounts of capital by pension funds, mutual funds, hedge funds and other sources of 
alternative capital primarily into the natural catastrophe insurance and reinsurance businesses. In addition, technology 
companies and other third parties have created, and may in the future create, technology-enabled business models, 
processes, platforms or alternate distribution channels that may adversely impact our competitive position.

The nature of the competition we face may be affected by disruption and deterioration in global financial markets 
and economic downturns, including as a result of the war in Ukraine, the hostilities between Israel and Hamas and 
the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as by governmental responses thereto. For example, (i) government 
intervention might result in capital or other support for our competitors, (ii) governments may provide insurance and 
reinsurance capacity in markets and to consumers that we target, (iii) governments may take actions to reduce interest 
rates, impacting the value of and returns on fixed income investments or (iv) government intervention intended to 
protect consumers may restrict increases in premium rates.

3

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26

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Increased  competition  can  result  in  fewer  policies  underwritten,  lower  premiums  for  the  policies  that  are 
underwritten  (over  and  above  reductions  due  to  favorable  loss  experience),  increased  expenses  associated  with 
acquiring and retaining business and policy terms and conditions that are less advantageous to us than we were able to 
obtain historically or that may be available to our competitors.

Consolidation in the insurance and reinsurance industry could adversely impact us.

The insurance and reinsurance industry, including our competitors, customers and insurance and reinsurance 
brokers, has been consolidating. There has been a large amount of merger and acquisition activity in the insurance 
and reinsurance sector in recent years which may continue. We may experience increased competition as a result of 
that consolidation, with larger entities having enhanced market power. Increased competition could result in fewer 
submissions, lower premium rates, less favorable policy terms and conditions and greater costs of customer acquisition 
and retention.

Should the market continue to consolidate, competitors may try to use their enhanced market power to obtain 
a larger market share through increased line sizes or through price competition. If competitive pressures reduce our 
prices, this could in turn lead to reduced premiums and a reduction in expected earnings. As the insurance industry 
consolidates,  competition  for  customers  will  become  more  intense  and  the  importance  of  sourcing  and  properly 
servicing  each  customer  will  become  greater.  We  could  incur  greater  expenses  relating  to  customer  acquisition 
and retention, further reducing our operating margins. In addition, insurance companies that merge may be able to 
spread their risks across a larger capital base so that they require less reinsurance. The number of companies offering 
reinsurance to competitors may decline. Reinsurance intermediaries could also continue to consolidate, potentially 
adversely impacting our ability to access business and distribute our products. We could also experience more robust 
competition  from  larger,  better  capitalized  competitors.  As  a  result  of  the  consolidation  in  the  industry,  we  may 
experience rate declines and possibly write less business. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, 
results of operations, growth and prospects.

Our operating results are affected by the cyclicality of the insurance and reinsurance industry.

The insurance and reinsurance industry historically has been cyclical, with significant fluctuations in premium 
rates and operating results due to competition, the frequency and/or severity of catastrophic events, levels of underwriting 
capacity in the industry, changes in legislation, case law and prevailing concepts of liability, general economic and 
social conditions and other factors. Insurance and reinsurance underwriting capacity is related to prevailing premium 
rates, the level of insured losses and the level of surplus capacity that, in turn, might fluctuate in response to changes in 
return on investments earned in the insurance and reinsurance industry and other factors. These cycles, as well as other 
factors that influence aggregate supply and demand for insurance and reinsurance products, are outside of our control.

This cyclicality has produced periods characterized by intense price competition and widening coverage offerings 
due to excess underwriting capacity (a so-called “soft market”), with each line of business experiencing its own cycle. 
Where a line of business experiences soft market conditions, we may fail to obtain new insurance business in that line 
of business at the desired premium rates. In addition, the cycle may fluctuate as a result of changes in economic, legal, 
political and social factors. Since cyclicality is due in large part to the collective actions of insurers, reinsurers and 
general economic conditions and the occurrence of unpredictable events, we cannot predict the timing or duration of 
changes in the market cycle. If we fail to manage the cyclical nature of the insurance business, our operating results 
and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We operate a diversified business, writing insurance in a variety of lines of business and geographic markets. 
Different lines of business and different geographic markets can experience their own cycles and, therefore, the impact 
of various cycles will depend in part on the sectors of the insurance and reinsurance industry, as well as the geographic 
markets, in which we operate. In addition, increases in the frequency and severity of losses suffered by insurers can 
significantly amplify these cycles. The effects of such cyclicality could have a material adverse effect on our financial 
condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Furthermore,  when  interest  rates  are  low,  resulting  in  reduced  investment  market  returns,  alternative  capital 
providers may be encouraged to enter the insurance market in order to achieve higher returns. This could have the 
effect of increasing the level of competition in the insurance market and applying pressure on premiums, which could 
affect the gross written premium (“GWP”) that we are able to generate.

Interest rate movements can also contribute to cyclicality in insurers’ underwriting results. In a high-interest rate 

environment, increased investment returns may reduce insurers’ required contribution from underwriting performance 

to achieve an attractive overall return. This may result in a less-disciplined approach to underwriting in the market 

generally as some underwriters could be inclined to offer lower premium rates to generate more business. We may 

therefore have to accept lower rates or broader coverage terms in order to remain competitive in the market, with the 

result that our premiums may be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

We may from time to time, as a result of the cyclicality of certain lines of business, decide to concentrate on 

fewer lines of business. As a consequence, we may be exposed to additional risk and may be required to hold more 

regulatory capital on the basis that the business, and hence the associated risk, is more concentrated, which in turn 

may affect the efficiency of our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 

operations.

If market conditions cause reinsurance to be more costly or unavailable, we may be required to bear increased risks 

or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.

As part of our overall risk and capacity management strategy, we purchase reinsurance for certain amounts of 

risk underwritten by our insurance company subsidiaries, especially catastrophe risks and those risks with relatively 

high policy limits. We also purchase reinsurance on risks underwritten by others which we reinsure. Market conditions 

beyond our control determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance protection we seek to purchase, which may 

affect the level of our business and profitability. Our reinsurance contracts are generally subject to annual renewal, and 

we may be unable to maintain our current reinsurance contracts or to obtain other reinsurance contracts in adequate 

amounts and at favorable rates. In addition, we may be unable to obtain reinsurance on terms acceptable to us relating 

to certain lines of business that we intend to begin underwriting. If we are unable to renew our expiring contracts or to 

obtain new reinsurance contracts, either our net exposures would increase or, if we are unwilling to bear an increase 

in net exposures, we would have to reduce the level of our underwriting commitments, especially catastrophe exposed 

risks.

effect on us.

The Company and its operating subsidiaries are subject to extensive laws and regulations. Any failure to comply 

with existing regulations or material changes in the regulation of our operations could have a material adverse 

The Company and its subsidiaries, branches and offices are subject to the laws and regulations of a number of 

jurisdictions worldwide, including Bermuda, the UK, Malaysia, Malta, Jordan, Morocco, Norway and the UAE. Existing 

laws and regulations, among other things, limit the amount of dividends that can be paid by our subsidiaries, prescribe 

solvency  and  capital  adequacy  standards,  impose  restrictions  on  the  amount  and  type  of  investments  that  can  be 

held to meet solvency and capital adequacy requirements, require the maintenance of reserve liabilities, and require 

pre-approval of acquisitions and certain affiliate transactions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations or 

to maintain appropriate authorizations, licenses, and/or exemptions under applicable laws and regulations may cause 

governmental authorities to preclude or suspend our subsidiaries from carrying on some or all of their activities, place 

one or more of them into rehabilitation or liquidation proceedings, impose monetary penalties or other sanctions on 

them or our affiliates, or commence insurance company delinquency proceedings against our insurance subsidiaries.

The application of these laws and regulations could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends, interest 

and  other  payments  on  securities,  as  applicable,  and  could  restrict  our  ability  to  expand  our  business  operations 

through acquisitions of new insurance subsidiaries. Furthermore, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements 

may  result  in  significant  expenses,  which  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  profitability. We  may  not  have  or 

maintain all required licenses and approvals in every jurisdiction in which we operate and may not be able to fully 

comply  with  the  wide  variety  of  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  us  or  the  relevant  authority’s  interpretation  of 

such  laws  and  regulations.  Some  regulatory  authorities  have  relatively  broad  discretion  to  grant,  renew  or  revoke 

licenses  and  approvals.  If  we  do  not  have  the  requisite  licenses  and  approvals  or  do  not  comply  with  applicable 

regulatory requirements, the insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying 

on some or all of our business activities or impose monetary penalties on us. Also, changes in the level of regulation 

of the insurance industry in the jurisdictions in which we operate, or changes in laws or regulations themselves or 

interpretations by regulatory authorities, may further restrict the conduct of our business. In some instances, we follow 

5

6

27

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Increased  competition  can  result  in  fewer  policies  underwritten,  lower  premiums  for  the  policies  that  are 

underwritten  (over  and  above  reductions  due  to  favorable  loss  experience),  increased  expenses  associated  with 

acquiring and retaining business and policy terms and conditions that are less advantageous to us than we were able to 

obtain historically or that may be available to our competitors.

Consolidation in the insurance and reinsurance industry could adversely impact us.

The insurance and reinsurance industry, including our competitors, customers and insurance and reinsurance 

brokers, has been consolidating. There has been a large amount of merger and acquisition activity in the insurance 

and reinsurance sector in recent years which may continue. We may experience increased competition as a result of 

that consolidation, with larger entities having enhanced market power. Increased competition could result in fewer 

submissions, lower premium rates, less favorable policy terms and conditions and greater costs of customer acquisition 

and retention.

Should the market continue to consolidate, competitors may try to use their enhanced market power to obtain 

a larger market share through increased line sizes or through price competition. If competitive pressures reduce our 

prices, this could in turn lead to reduced premiums and a reduction in expected earnings. As the insurance industry 

consolidates,  competition  for  customers  will  become  more  intense  and  the  importance  of  sourcing  and  properly 

servicing  each  customer  will  become  greater.  We  could  incur  greater  expenses  relating  to  customer  acquisition 

and retention, further reducing our operating margins. In addition, insurance companies that merge may be able to 

spread their risks across a larger capital base so that they require less reinsurance. The number of companies offering 

reinsurance to competitors may decline. Reinsurance intermediaries could also continue to consolidate, potentially 

adversely impacting our ability to access business and distribute our products. We could also experience more robust 

competition  from  larger,  better  capitalized  competitors.  As  a  result  of  the  consolidation  in  the  industry,  we  may 

experience rate declines and possibly write less business. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, 

results of operations, growth and prospects.

Our operating results are affected by the cyclicality of the insurance and reinsurance industry.

The insurance and reinsurance industry historically has been cyclical, with significant fluctuations in premium 

rates and operating results due to competition, the frequency and/or severity of catastrophic events, levels of underwriting 

capacity in the industry, changes in legislation, case law and prevailing concepts of liability, general economic and 

social conditions and other factors. Insurance and reinsurance underwriting capacity is related to prevailing premium 

rates, the level of insured losses and the level of surplus capacity that, in turn, might fluctuate in response to changes in 

return on investments earned in the insurance and reinsurance industry and other factors. These cycles, as well as other 

factors that influence aggregate supply and demand for insurance and reinsurance products, are outside of our control.

This cyclicality has produced periods characterized by intense price competition and widening coverage offerings 

due to excess underwriting capacity (a so-called “soft market”), with each line of business experiencing its own cycle. 

Where a line of business experiences soft market conditions, we may fail to obtain new insurance business in that line 

of business at the desired premium rates. In addition, the cycle may fluctuate as a result of changes in economic, legal, 

political and social factors. Since cyclicality is due in large part to the collective actions of insurers, reinsurers and 

general economic conditions and the occurrence of unpredictable events, we cannot predict the timing or duration of 

changes in the market cycle. If we fail to manage the cyclical nature of the insurance business, our operating results 

and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

We operate a diversified business, writing insurance in a variety of lines of business and geographic markets. 

Different lines of business and different geographic markets can experience their own cycles and, therefore, the impact 

of various cycles will depend in part on the sectors of the insurance and reinsurance industry, as well as the geographic 

markets, in which we operate. In addition, increases in the frequency and severity of losses suffered by insurers can 

significantly amplify these cycles. The effects of such cyclicality could have a material adverse effect on our financial 

condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Furthermore,  when  interest  rates  are  low,  resulting  in  reduced  investment  market  returns,  alternative  capital 

providers may be encouraged to enter the insurance market in order to achieve higher returns. This could have the 

effect of increasing the level of competition in the insurance market and applying pressure on premiums, which could 

affect the gross written premium (“GWP”) that we are able to generate.

Interest rate movements can also contribute to cyclicality in insurers’ underwriting results. In a high-interest rate 
environment, increased investment returns may reduce insurers’ required contribution from underwriting performance 
to achieve an attractive overall return. This may result in a less-disciplined approach to underwriting in the market 
generally as some underwriters could be inclined to offer lower premium rates to generate more business. We may 
therefore have to accept lower rates or broader coverage terms in order to remain competitive in the market, with the 
result that our premiums may be inadequate to cover the losses associated with such risks.

We may from time to time, as a result of the cyclicality of certain lines of business, decide to concentrate on 
fewer lines of business. As a consequence, we may be exposed to additional risk and may be required to hold more 
regulatory capital on the basis that the business, and hence the associated risk, is more concentrated, which in turn 
may affect the efficiency of our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of 
operations.

If market conditions cause reinsurance to be more costly or unavailable, we may be required to bear increased risks 
or reduce the level of our underwriting commitments.

As part of our overall risk and capacity management strategy, we purchase reinsurance for certain amounts of 
risk underwritten by our insurance company subsidiaries, especially catastrophe risks and those risks with relatively 
high policy limits. We also purchase reinsurance on risks underwritten by others which we reinsure. Market conditions 
beyond our control determine the availability and cost of the reinsurance protection we seek to purchase, which may 
affect the level of our business and profitability. Our reinsurance contracts are generally subject to annual renewal, and 
we may be unable to maintain our current reinsurance contracts or to obtain other reinsurance contracts in adequate 
amounts and at favorable rates. In addition, we may be unable to obtain reinsurance on terms acceptable to us relating 
to certain lines of business that we intend to begin underwriting. If we are unable to renew our expiring contracts or to 
obtain new reinsurance contracts, either our net exposures would increase or, if we are unwilling to bear an increase 
in net exposures, we would have to reduce the level of our underwriting commitments, especially catastrophe exposed 
risks.

The Company and its operating subsidiaries are subject to extensive laws and regulations. Any failure to comply 
with existing regulations or material changes in the regulation of our operations could have a material adverse 
effect on us.

The Company and its subsidiaries, branches and offices are subject to the laws and regulations of a number of 
jurisdictions worldwide, including Bermuda, the UK, Malaysia, Malta, Jordan, Morocco, Norway and the UAE. Existing 
laws and regulations, among other things, limit the amount of dividends that can be paid by our subsidiaries, prescribe 
solvency  and  capital  adequacy  standards,  impose  restrictions  on  the  amount  and  type  of  investments  that  can  be 
held to meet solvency and capital adequacy requirements, require the maintenance of reserve liabilities, and require 
pre-approval of acquisitions and certain affiliate transactions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations or 
to maintain appropriate authorizations, licenses, and/or exemptions under applicable laws and regulations may cause 
governmental authorities to preclude or suspend our subsidiaries from carrying on some or all of their activities, place 
one or more of them into rehabilitation or liquidation proceedings, impose monetary penalties or other sanctions on 
them or our affiliates, or commence insurance company delinquency proceedings against our insurance subsidiaries.

The application of these laws and regulations could affect our liquidity and ability to pay dividends, interest 
and  other  payments  on  securities,  as  applicable,  and  could  restrict  our  ability  to  expand  our  business  operations 
through acquisitions of new insurance subsidiaries. Furthermore, compliance with legal and regulatory requirements 
may  result  in  significant  expenses,  which  could  have  a  negative  impact  on  our  profitability. We  may  not  have  or 
maintain all required licenses and approvals in every jurisdiction in which we operate and may not be able to fully 
comply  with  the  wide  variety  of  laws  and  regulations  applicable  to  us  or  the  relevant  authority’s  interpretation  of 
such  laws  and  regulations.  Some  regulatory  authorities  have  relatively  broad  discretion  to  grant,  renew  or  revoke 
licenses  and  approvals.  If  we  do  not  have  the  requisite  licenses  and  approvals  or  do  not  comply  with  applicable 
regulatory requirements, the insurance regulatory authorities could preclude or temporarily suspend us from carrying 
on some or all of our business activities or impose monetary penalties on us. Also, changes in the level of regulation 
of the insurance industry in the jurisdictions in which we operate, or changes in laws or regulations themselves or 
interpretations by regulatory authorities, may further restrict the conduct of our business. In some instances, we follow 

5

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28

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          practices based on our interpretations of regulations or practices that we believe may be generally followed by the 
industry. These practices may turn out to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. These types of 
actions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We  may  not  be  able  to  maintain  necessary  licenses,  permits,  authorizations  or  accreditations  in  jurisdictions 
where we and our subsidiaries currently engage in business or obtain them in new jurisdictions, or may be able to do 
so only at significant cost. In addition, we may not be able to comply fully with, or obtain appropriate exemptions 
from, the wide variety of laws and regulations applicable to insurance or reinsurance companies. Although we have 
in place systems and controls designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance 
that we, our employees, or agents acting on our behalf are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations 
or  their  interpretation  by  the  relevant  authorities  and,  given  the  complex  nature  of  the  risks,  it  may  not  always  be 
possible for us to ascertain compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to comply with or to obtain appropriate 
authorizations and/or exemptions under any applicable laws or regulations could subject us to investigations, criminal 
sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, loss of an operating license, reputational consequences, and 
other sanctions, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Changes in the laws or regulations 
to which we and our subsidiaries are subject could also have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, 
in  most  jurisdictions,  government  regulatory  authorities  have  the  power  to  interpret  or  amend  applicable  laws  and 
regulations, and have discretion to grant, renew or revoke licenses and approvals we need to conduct our activities. 
Such authorities may require us to incur substantial costs in order to comply with such laws and regulations.

Our continued expansion into new businesses and markets has brought about additional requirements. While we 
believe that we have adopted appropriate risk management and compliance programs, compliance risks will continue 
to exist, particularly as we become subject to new rules and regulations. Any failure to comply with applicable laws, 
regulations  and  government  interpretations  of  such  laws  and  regulations  could  also  subject  us  to  fines,  penalties, 
equitable  relief  and  changes  to  our  business  practices.  Compliance  with  applicable  laws  and  regulations  is  time 
consuming and personnel-intensive. Changes in these laws and regulations could materially increase our direct and 
indirect compliance costs and other expenses of doing business and have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations and financial condition.

We  are  subject  to  extensive  regulatory  supervision  and  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  subject  to  inquiries  or 
investigations  that  could  result  in  fines,  sanctions,  variation  or  revocation  of  permissions  and  authorizations, 
reputational damage or loss of goodwill.

The conduct of the insurance and reinsurance business is subject to significant legal and regulatory requirements 
as well as governmental and quasi-governmental supervision in the various jurisdictions in which our group operates. 
Our business activities are regulated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”) in our Bermuda operations, the 
Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in our UK operations, the Malta 
Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) in our Malta operations, the Insurance Supervision Department, Central Bank 
of Jordan in our Jordanian operations, the Labuan Financial Services Authority in our operations in Malaysia, the 
Dubai Financial Services Authority in our operations in Dubai and the Casablanca Finance City for our operations 
in Morocco. This supervision and regulation are generally intended to be for the benefit of policyholders rather than 
shareholders or other investors. Among other things, the insurance laws and regulations applicable to us may:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

require the maintenance of certain solvency levels;

restrict agreements with large revenue-producing agents;

require obtaining licenses or authorizations from regulators;

regulate transactions, including transactions with affiliates and intra-group guarantees;

in certain jurisdictions, restrict the payment of dividends or other distributions;

require the disclosure of financial and other information to regulators;

impose restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;

regulate the admissibility of assets and capital;

provide for involvement in the payment or adjudication of catastrophe or other claims beyond the terms 

• 

• 

of the policies; and

establish certain minimum operational requirements or customer service standards such as the timeliness 

of finalized policy language or lead time for notice of non-renewal or changes in terms and conditions.

As part of regular, mandated risk assessments, regulators may take steps that have the effect of restricting our 

business activities, which may in turn have a material impact on our ability to achieve growth objectives and earnings 

targets. For example, each regulated insurance business we operate is subject to a number of restrictions on assets 

we  may  hold  under  relevant  regulations  and  tax  rules,  and  regulators  may,  as  has  happened  in  the  past,  alter  such 

restrictions, thus potentially affecting our investment policy and any associated projected income or growth return 

from our investments. In addition, based on our perceived risk profile, regulators may require additional regulatory 

capital to be held by us (including as part of guidance provided by the regulator to us on a confidential basis), which, 

among other things, may affect the business we can write and the amount of dividends we are able to pay out.

In addition, legislation and other regulatory initiatives taken or which may be taken in response to conditions in 

the financial markets, global supervision and other factors may lead to additional regulation of the insurance industry 

in the coming years.

The insurance and reinsurance industries have experienced substantial volatility as a result of investigations, 

litigation and regulatory activity by various insurance, governmental and enforcement authorities, concerning various 

practices within the insurance and reinsurance industry. If we or any of our subsidiaries were to be found to be in 

breach of any existing or new laws or regulations now or in the future, we would be exposed to the risk of intervention 

by  regulatory  authorities,  including  investigation  and  surveillance,  and  judicial  or  administrative  proceedings.  In 

addition, our reputation could suffer and we could be fined or prohibited from engaging in some or all of our business 

activities  or  could  be  sued  by  counterparties,  as  well  as  forced  to  devote  significant  resources  to  cooperate  with 

regulatory investigations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Any future regulatory changes, litigation or failure to comply with applicable laws could result in the imposition 

of significant restrictions on our ability to do business, and could also result in suspensions, injunctions, monetary 

damages, fines or other sanctions, any or all of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of 

operations. These events, if they occur, could affect the competitive market and the way we conduct our business and 

manage our capital and could result in lower revenues and higher costs. As a result, such actions could have a material 

adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in accounting principles and financial reporting requirements could impact our reported financial results 

and reported financial condition.

Prior  to  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  historically  prepared  its  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 

International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board. 

Beginning with its consolidated financial statements for fiscal periods ending after January 1, 2023, the Company has 

voluntarily changed its basis of accounting from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. This Form 20-F presents the Company’s audited 

financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the first time.

As  a  former  preparer  of  IFRS  financial  statements,  we  have  historically  complied  with  IFRS  4,  Insurance 

Contracts, which is applicable to the insurance industry. In May 2017, the IASB published its replacement standard 

on  insurance  accounting  (IFRS  17,  “Insurance  Contracts”),  which  will  have  the  effect  of  introducing  fundamental 

changes to the reporting of insurance entities that prepare accounts according to IFRS. The effective date of IFRS 17 is 

for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Because the Company voluntarily changed its basis 

of accounting from IFRS to U.S. GAAP and presents its consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP effective 

January 1, 2023 (the “first reporting period”), the Company has discontinued the process of implementing IFRS 17.

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather than IFRS has 

caused us to report results and could cause us to report results in the future which are different than what our results 

would have been had we continued to report in accordance with IFRS. Because our reported results for the year ended 

December 31, 2023 and for future periods may be different from our results had they been prepared under IFRS, you 

may not be able to meaningfully compare our prior financial statements under IFRS with our financial statements 

under U.S. GAAP.

7

8

29

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023practices based on our interpretations of regulations or practices that we believe may be generally followed by the 

industry. These practices may turn out to be different from the interpretations of regulatory authorities. These types of 

actions could have a material adverse effect on our business.

We  may  not  be  able  to  maintain  necessary  licenses,  permits,  authorizations  or  accreditations  in  jurisdictions 

where we and our subsidiaries currently engage in business or obtain them in new jurisdictions, or may be able to do 

so only at significant cost. In addition, we may not be able to comply fully with, or obtain appropriate exemptions 

from, the wide variety of laws and regulations applicable to insurance or reinsurance companies. Although we have 

in place systems and controls designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations, there can be no assurance 

that we, our employees, or agents acting on our behalf are in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations 

or  their  interpretation  by  the  relevant  authorities  and,  given  the  complex  nature  of  the  risks,  it  may  not  always  be 

possible for us to ascertain compliance with such laws and regulations. Failure to comply with or to obtain appropriate 

authorizations and/or exemptions under any applicable laws or regulations could subject us to investigations, criminal 

sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, loss of an operating license, reputational consequences, and 

other sanctions, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Changes in the laws or regulations 

to which we and our subsidiaries are subject could also have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, 

in  most  jurisdictions,  government  regulatory  authorities  have  the  power  to  interpret  or  amend  applicable  laws  and 

regulations, and have discretion to grant, renew or revoke licenses and approvals we need to conduct our activities. 

Such authorities may require us to incur substantial costs in order to comply with such laws and regulations.

Our continued expansion into new businesses and markets has brought about additional requirements. While we 

believe that we have adopted appropriate risk management and compliance programs, compliance risks will continue 

to exist, particularly as we become subject to new rules and regulations. Any failure to comply with applicable laws, 

regulations  and  government  interpretations  of  such  laws  and  regulations  could  also  subject  us  to  fines,  penalties, 

equitable  relief  and  changes  to  our  business  practices.  Compliance  with  applicable  laws  and  regulations  is  time 

consuming and personnel-intensive. Changes in these laws and regulations could materially increase our direct and 

indirect compliance costs and other expenses of doing business and have a material adverse effect on our results of 

operations and financial condition.

We  are  subject  to  extensive  regulatory  supervision  and  may,  from  time  to  time,  be  subject  to  inquiries  or 

investigations  that  could  result  in  fines,  sanctions,  variation  or  revocation  of  permissions  and  authorizations, 

reputational damage or loss of goodwill.

The conduct of the insurance and reinsurance business is subject to significant legal and regulatory requirements 

as well as governmental and quasi-governmental supervision in the various jurisdictions in which our group operates. 

Our business activities are regulated by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (“BMA”) in our Bermuda operations, the 

Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) and Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) in our UK operations, the Malta 

Financial Services Authority (“MFSA”) in our Malta operations, the Insurance Supervision Department, Central Bank 

of Jordan in our Jordanian operations, the Labuan Financial Services Authority in our operations in Malaysia, the 

Dubai Financial Services Authority in our operations in Dubai and the Casablanca Finance City for our operations 

in Morocco. This supervision and regulation are generally intended to be for the benefit of policyholders rather than 

shareholders or other investors. Among other things, the insurance laws and regulations applicable to us may:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

require the maintenance of certain solvency levels;

restrict agreements with large revenue-producing agents;

require obtaining licenses or authorizations from regulators;

regulate transactions, including transactions with affiliates and intra-group guarantees;

in certain jurisdictions, restrict the payment of dividends or other distributions;

require the disclosure of financial and other information to regulators;

impose restrictions on the nature, quality and concentration of investments;

regulate the admissibility of assets and capital;

• 

• 

provide for involvement in the payment or adjudication of catastrophe or other claims beyond the terms 
of the policies; and

establish certain minimum operational requirements or customer service standards such as the timeliness 
of finalized policy language or lead time for notice of non-renewal or changes in terms and conditions.

As part of regular, mandated risk assessments, regulators may take steps that have the effect of restricting our 
business activities, which may in turn have a material impact on our ability to achieve growth objectives and earnings 
targets. For example, each regulated insurance business we operate is subject to a number of restrictions on assets 
we  may  hold  under  relevant  regulations  and  tax  rules,  and  regulators  may,  as  has  happened  in  the  past,  alter  such 
restrictions, thus potentially affecting our investment policy and any associated projected income or growth return 
from our investments. In addition, based on our perceived risk profile, regulators may require additional regulatory 
capital to be held by us (including as part of guidance provided by the regulator to us on a confidential basis), which, 
among other things, may affect the business we can write and the amount of dividends we are able to pay out.

In addition, legislation and other regulatory initiatives taken or which may be taken in response to conditions in 
the financial markets, global supervision and other factors may lead to additional regulation of the insurance industry 
in the coming years.

The insurance and reinsurance industries have experienced substantial volatility as a result of investigations, 
litigation and regulatory activity by various insurance, governmental and enforcement authorities, concerning various 
practices within the insurance and reinsurance industry. If we or any of our subsidiaries were to be found to be in 
breach of any existing or new laws or regulations now or in the future, we would be exposed to the risk of intervention 
by  regulatory  authorities,  including  investigation  and  surveillance,  and  judicial  or  administrative  proceedings.  In 
addition, our reputation could suffer and we could be fined or prohibited from engaging in some or all of our business 
activities  or  could  be  sued  by  counterparties,  as  well  as  forced  to  devote  significant  resources  to  cooperate  with 
regulatory investigations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Any future regulatory changes, litigation or failure to comply with applicable laws could result in the imposition 
of significant restrictions on our ability to do business, and could also result in suspensions, injunctions, monetary 
damages, fines or other sanctions, any or all of which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of 
operations. These events, if they occur, could affect the competitive market and the way we conduct our business and 
manage our capital and could result in lower revenues and higher costs. As a result, such actions could have a material 
adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in accounting principles and financial reporting requirements could impact our reported financial results 
and reported financial condition.

Prior  to  January  1,  2023,  the  Company  historically  prepared  its  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board. 
Beginning with its consolidated financial statements for fiscal periods ending after January 1, 2023, the Company has 
voluntarily changed its basis of accounting from IFRS to U.S. GAAP. This Form 20-F presents the Company’s audited 
financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the first time.

As  a  former  preparer  of  IFRS  financial  statements,  we  have  historically  complied  with  IFRS  4,  Insurance 
Contracts, which is applicable to the insurance industry. In May 2017, the IASB published its replacement standard 
on  insurance  accounting  (IFRS  17,  “Insurance  Contracts”),  which  will  have  the  effect  of  introducing  fundamental 
changes to the reporting of insurance entities that prepare accounts according to IFRS. The effective date of IFRS 17 is 
for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023. Because the Company voluntarily changed its basis 
of accounting from IFRS to U.S. GAAP and presents its consolidated financial statements under U.S. GAAP effective 
January 1, 2023 (the “first reporting period”), the Company has discontinued the process of implementing IFRS 17.

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather than IFRS has 
caused us to report results and could cause us to report results in the future which are different than what our results 
would have been had we continued to report in accordance with IFRS. Because our reported results for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 and for future periods may be different from our results had they been prepared under IFRS, you 
may not be able to meaningfully compare our prior financial statements under IFRS with our financial statements 
under U.S. GAAP.

7

8

30

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          In addition to the transitional adjustments arising from the change in the basis of accounting as described above, 
there  have  also  been,  and  may  continue  to  be,  some  reclassification  adjustments  to  our  balance  sheet  and  income 
statement, without any impact on shareholders’ equity and net income.

Going  forward,  changes  in  U.S.  GAAP  could  require  us  to  change  the  way  in  which  our  future  results  are 
determined or require a retrospective adjustment of reported results. Such changes could relate to the fair value of 
assets and liabilities, the recognition of revenue and expenses, the accounting for acquired entities, as well as related 
income tax effects. Any such changes could result in material changes to our financial results.

Increasing  barriers  to  free  trade  and  the  free  flow  of  capital  and  fluctuations  in  the  financial  markets  could 
adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance industry and our business.

Political initiatives to restrict free trade and close markets, such as the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU 
on January 31, 2020 (“Brexit”) and the U.S. decision to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific partnership and renegotiate or 
terminate existing bilateral and multilateral trade arrangements, could adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance 
industry and our business. The insurance and reinsurance industries are disproportionately impacted by restraints on 
the free flow of capital and risk because the value it provides depends on its ability to globally diversify risk. With 
respect to Brexit, in June 2021 we acquired an EU insurance operation in Malta, which enables IGI to pursue business 
in the EU, but also subjects us to regulation in the EU.

In addition, prolonged and severe disruptions in the overall public and private debt and equity markets, such 
as occurred during 2008 and in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in significant realized and 
unrealized losses. Public and private debt and equity markets may experience disruption in individual market sectors, 
such as has occurred in the energy sector.

Further, the impact on global markets from the outbreak of global pandemics such as COVID-19 is uncertain. 
The adoption of certain hygiene measures, including quarantining populations, as well as restrictions on travel and the 
closing of national borders may adversely affect our business. Any prolonged restrictive measures in order to control 
a contagious disease or other adverse public health developments in our targeted markets may have a material and 
adverse effect on our business operations.

Global markets are also highly susceptible to other macroeconomic disruptions, such as, for example, regional 
military conflicts. In 2022, Russian military forces launched a military action in Ukraine. In 2023, a military conflict 
erupted between Israel and Hamas. These and similar sustained conflicts and disruptions in the world have continued 
to date. The length, impact, and outcome of these ongoing military conflicts is highly unpredictable and could lead 
to further significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply 
of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, trade 
disputes or trade barriers, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, as well as an increase in insurance claims 
related to losses incurred in connection with any of the above disruptions.

Given ongoing global economic uncertainties, evolving market conditions may affect our results of operations, 
financial  position  and  capital  resources.  In  the  event  that  there  is  additional  deterioration  or  volatility  in  financial 
markets or general economic conditions, our results of operations, financial position, capital resources and competitive 
landscape could be materially and adversely affected.

Public health crises, epidemics or pandemics could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial 
condition.

Any significant public health crises, epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, could lead to 
significant volatility, uncertainty and disruption in the global economy. Turbulence in the financial markets, including 
due  to  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or  pandemics,  may  limit  our  ability  to  access  the  credit  or  equity  markets. 
Moreover,  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or  pandemics  could  also  cause  other  adverse  economic  effects,  such  as 
changes in interest rates, reduced liquidity and/or otherwise contribute to a continued slowdown in global economic 
conditions. Extreme market volatility caused by public health crises, epidemics or pandemics may leave us unable to 
react to market events in a timely manner and consistently with our historical practices in dealing with more orderly 
markets. As a result of public health crises, we may also face increased costs associated with claims under our policies, 
an increased number of customers experiencing difficulty paying premiums or policies being designated as “no lapse” 
for periods of time. The cost of reinsurance to us for these policies could increase, and we may encounter decreased 

availability  of  such  reinsurance.  Continuation  of  these  conditions  may  potentially  affect  (among  other  aspects  of 

our business) the demand for and claims made under our policies, the ability of clients, counterparties and others to 

establish or maintain their relationships with us, our ability to access and efficiently use internal and external capital 

resources and our investment performance.

Further, from an operational perspective, our employees, sales associates, brokers and distribution partners, as 

well as the workforces of our vendors, service providers and counterparties, may also be adversely affected by public 

health crises or efforts to mitigate them, including government-mandated shutdowns, requests or orders for employees 

to  work  remotely,  and  other  social  distancing  measures,  which  could  result  in  an  adverse  impact  on  our  ability  to 

conduct our business. Disruption to our operations may also result if our employees, or those of our service partners and 

counterparties, are affected by travel restrictions, office closures and other measures impacting on working practices, 

such as the imposition of remote working arrangements, and quarantine requirements and isolation measures under 

local laws, social distancing and/or other psychosocial impacts. While such measures are in place, there may be an 

increase across the industry in attempts to compromise IT systems through phishing and social engineering tactics.

Any significant public health crises, epidemics or pandemics could adversely impact our business, operations 

and financial results. The impact of such events will depend on numerous evolving factors, many of which are not 

within our control and which we may not be able to accurately predict.

Ongoing  political  and  economic  uncertainties  prevalent  in  Lebanon  may  adversely  affect  the  fair  value  of  the 

Group’s equity interest in certain investment properties located in Lebanon.

The Group holds a 32.7% equity ownership interest in several companies located in Beirut and registered in 

Lebanon,  with  the  Group’s  investment  amounting  to  $3.5  million  as  of  December  31,  2023. These  companies  are 

engaged in the leasing of commercial buildings which are in the nature of investment property. The real estate market 

in  Lebanon  has  changed  significantly  since  the  onset  of  the  financial  crisis  that  affected  the  country.  Due  to  the 

relatively  limited  amount  of  information  available  under  prevailing  market  conditions,  and  as  a  result  of  artificial 

demand created by investors outside the professional real estate development industry, who primarily aim to divest 

from cash assets into more secure holdings, prices found on the market are uncertain. Furthermore, since most property 

owners only accept payments in U.S. Dollar and not in local Lebanese currency, demand for commercial buildings 

has dropped considerably. Accordingly, prices found on the market as of December 31, 2023, including achieved sales 

prices, are only indicative and may not hold if the market were to be corrected.

Legislation enacted in Bermuda as to economic substance may affect our operations.

Pursuant to the Economic Substance Act 2018 (as amended) of Bermuda and its related regulations (together, 

the “ES Act”) that came into force on January 1, 2019, a registered entity other than an entity which is resident for tax 

purposes in certain jurisdictions outside Bermuda (“non-resident entity”) that carries on as a business any one or more 

of the “relevant activities” referred to in the ES Act must comply with economic substance requirements. The ES Act 

may require in-scope Bermuda entities which are engaged in such “relevant activities” to be directed and managed in 

Bermuda, have an adequate level of qualified employees in Bermuda, incur an adequate level of annual expenditure 

in  Bermuda,  maintain  physical  offices  and  premises  in  Bermuda  or  perform  core  income-generating  activities  in 

Bermuda. The list of “relevant activities” includes carrying on any one or more of the following activities: banking, 

insurance, fund management, financing, leasing, headquarters, shipping, distribution and service center, intellectual 

property and holding entities.

The ES Act could affect the manner in which we operate our business, which could adversely affect our business, 

financial condition and results of operations. For purposes of the ES Act, we believe that the Company is a “pure 

equity holding company”. The economic substance requirements for a “pure equity holding company” are less onerous 

than  those  for  entities  which  are  carrying  out  other  relevant  activities  (pure  equity  holding  entities  are  subject  to 

minimum economic substance requirements). As such, and as long as it does not carry on any other “relevant activity”, 

we would not expect to be required to take additional actions beyond the minimum economic substance requirements 

for the purposes of compliance with the ES Act. Entities like IGI that are not in scope are only required to file a “nil” 

declaration. However, our expectations could change subject to further amendment and guidance on the interpretation 

of the ES Act. With respect to IGI Bermuda, for the purposes of the ES Act, we believe IGI Bermuda is carrying on the 

relevant activity of “insurance”. IGI Bermuda’s compliance with its regulatory requirements under the Insurance Act 

and the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, as amended (the “Companies Act”) will assist in evidencing its compliance 

9

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023In addition to the transitional adjustments arising from the change in the basis of accounting as described above, 

there  have  also  been,  and  may  continue  to  be,  some  reclassification  adjustments  to  our  balance  sheet  and  income 

statement, without any impact on shareholders’ equity and net income.

Going  forward,  changes  in  U.S.  GAAP  could  require  us  to  change  the  way  in  which  our  future  results  are 

determined or require a retrospective adjustment of reported results. Such changes could relate to the fair value of 

assets and liabilities, the recognition of revenue and expenses, the accounting for acquired entities, as well as related 

income tax effects. Any such changes could result in material changes to our financial results.

Increasing  barriers  to  free  trade  and  the  free  flow  of  capital  and  fluctuations  in  the  financial  markets  could 

adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance industry and our business.

Political initiatives to restrict free trade and close markets, such as the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU 

on January 31, 2020 (“Brexit”) and the U.S. decision to withdraw from the Trans-Pacific partnership and renegotiate or 

terminate existing bilateral and multilateral trade arrangements, could adversely affect the insurance and reinsurance 

industry and our business. The insurance and reinsurance industries are disproportionately impacted by restraints on 

the free flow of capital and risk because the value it provides depends on its ability to globally diversify risk. With 

respect to Brexit, in June 2021 we acquired an EU insurance operation in Malta, which enables IGI to pursue business 

in the EU, but also subjects us to regulation in the EU.

In addition, prolonged and severe disruptions in the overall public and private debt and equity markets, such 

as occurred during 2008 and in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, could result in significant realized and 

unrealized losses. Public and private debt and equity markets may experience disruption in individual market sectors, 

such as has occurred in the energy sector.

Further, the impact on global markets from the outbreak of global pandemics such as COVID-19 is uncertain. 

The adoption of certain hygiene measures, including quarantining populations, as well as restrictions on travel and the 

closing of national borders may adversely affect our business. Any prolonged restrictive measures in order to control 

a contagious disease or other adverse public health developments in our targeted markets may have a material and 

adverse effect on our business operations.

Global markets are also highly susceptible to other macroeconomic disruptions, such as, for example, regional 

military conflicts. In 2022, Russian military forces launched a military action in Ukraine. In 2023, a military conflict 

erupted between Israel and Hamas. These and similar sustained conflicts and disruptions in the world have continued 

to date. The length, impact, and outcome of these ongoing military conflicts is highly unpredictable and could lead 

to further significant market and other disruptions, including significant volatility in commodity prices and supply 

of energy resources, instability in financial markets, supply chain interruptions, political and social instability, trade 

disputes or trade barriers, changes in consumer or purchaser preferences, as well as an increase in insurance claims 

related to losses incurred in connection with any of the above disruptions.

Given ongoing global economic uncertainties, evolving market conditions may affect our results of operations, 

financial  position  and  capital  resources.  In  the  event  that  there  is  additional  deterioration  or  volatility  in  financial 

markets or general economic conditions, our results of operations, financial position, capital resources and competitive 

landscape could be materially and adversely affected.

Public health crises, epidemics or pandemics could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial 

condition.

Any significant public health crises, epidemics or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, could lead to 

significant volatility, uncertainty and disruption in the global economy. Turbulence in the financial markets, including 

due  to  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or  pandemics,  may  limit  our  ability  to  access  the  credit  or  equity  markets. 

Moreover,  public  health  crises,  epidemics  or  pandemics  could  also  cause  other  adverse  economic  effects,  such  as 

changes in interest rates, reduced liquidity and/or otherwise contribute to a continued slowdown in global economic 

conditions. Extreme market volatility caused by public health crises, epidemics or pandemics may leave us unable to 

react to market events in a timely manner and consistently with our historical practices in dealing with more orderly 

markets. As a result of public health crises, we may also face increased costs associated with claims under our policies, 

an increased number of customers experiencing difficulty paying premiums or policies being designated as “no lapse” 

for periods of time. The cost of reinsurance to us for these policies could increase, and we may encounter decreased 

availability  of  such  reinsurance.  Continuation  of  these  conditions  may  potentially  affect  (among  other  aspects  of 
our business) the demand for and claims made under our policies, the ability of clients, counterparties and others to 
establish or maintain their relationships with us, our ability to access and efficiently use internal and external capital 
resources and our investment performance.

Further, from an operational perspective, our employees, sales associates, brokers and distribution partners, as 
well as the workforces of our vendors, service providers and counterparties, may also be adversely affected by public 
health crises or efforts to mitigate them, including government-mandated shutdowns, requests or orders for employees 
to  work  remotely,  and  other  social  distancing  measures,  which  could  result  in  an  adverse  impact  on  our  ability  to 
conduct our business. Disruption to our operations may also result if our employees, or those of our service partners and 
counterparties, are affected by travel restrictions, office closures and other measures impacting on working practices, 
such as the imposition of remote working arrangements, and quarantine requirements and isolation measures under 
local laws, social distancing and/or other psychosocial impacts. While such measures are in place, there may be an 
increase across the industry in attempts to compromise IT systems through phishing and social engineering tactics.

Any significant public health crises, epidemics or pandemics could adversely impact our business, operations 
and financial results. The impact of such events will depend on numerous evolving factors, many of which are not 
within our control and which we may not be able to accurately predict.

Ongoing  political  and  economic  uncertainties  prevalent  in  Lebanon  may  adversely  affect  the  fair  value  of  the 
Group’s equity interest in certain investment properties located in Lebanon.

The Group holds a 32.7% equity ownership interest in several companies located in Beirut and registered in 
Lebanon,  with  the  Group’s  investment  amounting  to  $3.5  million  as  of  December  31,  2023. These  companies  are 
engaged in the leasing of commercial buildings which are in the nature of investment property. The real estate market 
in  Lebanon  has  changed  significantly  since  the  onset  of  the  financial  crisis  that  affected  the  country.  Due  to  the 
relatively  limited  amount  of  information  available  under  prevailing  market  conditions,  and  as  a  result  of  artificial 
demand created by investors outside the professional real estate development industry, who primarily aim to divest 
from cash assets into more secure holdings, prices found on the market are uncertain. Furthermore, since most property 
owners only accept payments in U.S. Dollar and not in local Lebanese currency, demand for commercial buildings 
has dropped considerably. Accordingly, prices found on the market as of December 31, 2023, including achieved sales 
prices, are only indicative and may not hold if the market were to be corrected.

Legislation enacted in Bermuda as to economic substance may affect our operations.

Pursuant to the Economic Substance Act 2018 (as amended) of Bermuda and its related regulations (together, 
the “ES Act”) that came into force on January 1, 2019, a registered entity other than an entity which is resident for tax 
purposes in certain jurisdictions outside Bermuda (“non-resident entity”) that carries on as a business any one or more 
of the “relevant activities” referred to in the ES Act must comply with economic substance requirements. The ES Act 
may require in-scope Bermuda entities which are engaged in such “relevant activities” to be directed and managed in 
Bermuda, have an adequate level of qualified employees in Bermuda, incur an adequate level of annual expenditure 
in  Bermuda,  maintain  physical  offices  and  premises  in  Bermuda  or  perform  core  income-generating  activities  in 
Bermuda. The list of “relevant activities” includes carrying on any one or more of the following activities: banking, 
insurance, fund management, financing, leasing, headquarters, shipping, distribution and service center, intellectual 
property and holding entities.

The ES Act could affect the manner in which we operate our business, which could adversely affect our business, 
financial condition and results of operations. For purposes of the ES Act, we believe that the Company is a “pure 
equity holding company”. The economic substance requirements for a “pure equity holding company” are less onerous 
than  those  for  entities  which  are  carrying  out  other  relevant  activities  (pure  equity  holding  entities  are  subject  to 
minimum economic substance requirements). As such, and as long as it does not carry on any other “relevant activity”, 
we would not expect to be required to take additional actions beyond the minimum economic substance requirements 
for the purposes of compliance with the ES Act. Entities like IGI that are not in scope are only required to file a “nil” 
declaration. However, our expectations could change subject to further amendment and guidance on the interpretation 
of the ES Act. With respect to IGI Bermuda, for the purposes of the ES Act, we believe IGI Bermuda is carrying on the 
relevant activity of “insurance”. IGI Bermuda’s compliance with its regulatory requirements under the Insurance Act 
and the Companies Act 1981 of Bermuda, as amended (the “Companies Act”) will assist in evidencing its compliance 

9

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          with the economic substance requirements under the ES Act, but may not be conclusive. From time to time we engage 
in dialogue, communication and written correspondence with the Registrar of Companies of Bermuda (the “Registrar”) 
regarding our compliance with economic substance requirements. The Registrar may from time to time require further 
information  or  request  documentation  from  us  regarding  our  compliance  with  economic  substance  requirements, 
may require us to enhance our infrastructure in Bermuda or remediate asserted non-compliance and may impose civil 
penalties if we are not in compliance with applicable regulations. IGI Bermuda may need to continue to enhance its 
infrastructure in Bermuda for the purpose of satisfying economic substance requirements under the ES Act and this 
may result in, among other things, some additional operational cost.

An entity which is in-scope of the ES Act is required to complete and file a declaration form as to its compliance 
with its economic substance requirements no later than six months after the last day of its previous financial year. The 
Registrar will have regard to the information provided in the declaration form in making his assessment of the entity’s 
compliance with the economic substance requirements under the ES Act. Entities like IGI that are not in scope are 
only required to file a “nil” declaration.

Potential  government  intervention  in  the  insurance  industry  and  instability  in  the  marketplace  for  insurance 
products could hinder our flexibility and negatively affect the business opportunities that may be available to us in 
the market.

Government intervention in the insurance industry and the possibility of future government intervention have 
created  uncertainty  in  the  insurance  and  reinsurance  markets.  Governmental  authorities  worldwide  have  become 
increasingly  interested  in  potential  risks  posed  by  the  insurance  industry  as  a  whole  to  commercial  and  financial 
systems in general, and there could be increased regulatory intervention in the insurance and reinsurance industries 
in the future.

Government regulators are generally concerned with the protection of policyholders to the exclusion of other 
constituencies, including shareholders of insurers. While we cannot predict the exact nature, timing or scope of possible 
governmental initiatives, such proposals could adversely affect our business by, among other things:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

providing insurance and reinsurance capacity in markets and to consumers that we target;

catastrophic events over time.

requiring our participation in industry pools and guaranty associations;

expanding the scope of coverage under existing policies (for example, following large disasters);

further regulating the terms of insurance and reinsurance policies;

mandating that insurers provide coverage for areas such as terrorism, where insurance might otherwise be 
difficult to obtain; or

disproportionately benefiting the companies of one country over those of another.

Government intervention has in the recent past taken the form of financial support of certain companies in the 
insurance  and  reinsurance  industry.  Governmental  support  of  individual  competitors  can  lead  to  increased  pricing 
pressure and a distortion of market dynamics. The insurance industry is also affected by political, judicial and legal 
developments that may create new and expanded theories of liability, which may result in unexpected claims frequency 
and severity and delays or cancellations of products and services by insureds, insurers and reinsurers which could 
adversely affect our business.

European  legislation  known  as  “Solvency  II”  was  introduced  with  effect  from  January  1,  2016  and  governs 
the prudential regulation of insurers and reinsurers. Solvency II requires insurers and reinsurers in Europe to meet 
risk-based  solvency  requirements.  Solvency  II  covers  three  main  areas:  (i)  the  valuation  of  assets  and  liabilities 
on  a  Solvency  II  economic  basis  and  risk-based  solvency  and  capital  requirements;  (ii)  governance  requirements 
effecting the key functions of compliance, internal audit, actuarial and risk management; and (iii) new supervisory 
legal  entity  and  group  reporting  and  disclosure  requirements,  including  public  disclosures.  Solvency  II  imposes 
governance requirements on groups with insurers and/or reinsurers operating in the European Economic Area and 
imposes  significant  requirements  for  EU-based  regulated  companies  which  require  substantial  documentation  and 

implementation effort. Following the UK’s departure from the EU it is anticipated that there would be a divergence 

between UK and EU regulatory systems as the UK determines which EU laws and regulations to maintain and which 

to replace.

The BMA has also implemented and imposed additional requirements on the commercial insurance companies 

it regulates, driven, in large part, by Solvency II. The European Commission has adopted a decision concluding that 

Bermuda meets the full equivalence criteria under Solvency II.

Additionally, governments and regulatory bodies may take unpredictable action to ensure continued supply of 

insurance, particularly where a given event leads to withdrawal of capacity from the market. For example, regulators 

may seek to force us to offer certain covers to (re)insureds, constrain our flexibility to apply certain terms and conditions 

or constrain our ability to make changes to the pricing of our contracts. There can be no assurance as to the effect 

that any such governmental or regulatory actions will have on the financial markets generally or on our competitive 

position, business and financial condition.

We  cannot  predict  the  exact  nature,  timing  or  scope  of  any  possible  governmental  initiatives  and  any  such 

proposals could adversely affect our business. We may not be able to comply fully with, or obtain desired exemptions 

from, revised statutes, regulations and policies that currently, or may in the future, govern the conduct of our business. 

Failure to comply with, or to obtain desired authorizations and/or exemptions under, any applicable laws could result 

in restrictions on our ability to do business or undertake activities that are regulated in one or more of the jurisdictions 

in which we operate and could subject us to fines and other sanctions.

Claims arising from catastrophic events are unpredictable and could be severe.

Our operations expose us to claims arising out of unpredictable natural and other catastrophic events, such as 

hurricanes, windstorms, hailstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, severe winter weather, earthquakes, floods, fires, explosions, 

global  pandemics,  political  unrest,  drilling,  mining  and  other  industrial  accidents,  cyber  events  and  terrorism.  In 

addition to the nature of the property business, economic and geographic trends affecting insured property, including 

inflation, property value appreciation and geographic concentration, tend to generally increase the size of losses from 

Actual  losses  from  catastrophic  events  may  vary  materially  from  estimates  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainties 

in making such determinations resulting from several factors, including potential inaccuracies and inadequacies in 

the  data  provided  by  clients,  brokers  and  ceding  companies,  the  modeling  techniques  and  the  application  of  such 

techniques, the contingent nature of business interruption exposures, the effects of any resultant demand surge on 

claims activity and attendant coverage issues.

The incidence and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable and our losses from such catastrophes 

could  be  substantial. The  extent  of  losses  from  such  catastrophes  is  a  function  of  the  number,  the  frequency  and 

severity of events, the total amount of insured exposure in the areas affected, the effectiveness of our catastrophe risk 

management program, and the adequacy of our reinsurance coverage. Increases in the value and concentrations of 

insured property and demographic changes more broadly, the effects of inflation and changes in weather patterns may 

increase the frequency or severity of claims from catastrophic events in the future. We may from time to time issue 

preliminary estimates of the impact of catastrophic events that, because of uncertainties in estimating certain losses, 

need to be updated as more information becomes available.

Our most significant catastrophe exposures are set forth below:

Natural catastrophes.  The occurrence of natural catastrophes is inherently uncertain. Generally, over the past 

decade, insured losses for catastrophes have increased, due principally to weather-related catastrophes, including but 

not limited to the impact of global warming. The increasing concentrations of economic activities and people living and 

working in areas exposed to natural catastrophes have resulted in increased exposure for insurance providers. Increasing 

insurance penetration, growing technological vulnerability and higher property values have further compounded the 

insurance  industry’s  exposure. A  series  of  extreme  weather  events  resulted  in  one  of  the  most  expensive  years  for 

natural catastrophes in 2017. Significant natural catastrophes affecting IGI in the recent past have included Hurricane 

Maria, Hurricane Irma and the September 2017 earthquake in Mexico. Our most significant claims relating to natural 

catastrophes,  net  of  reinsurance,  during  the  recent  past  have  included  claims  relating  to  the  Mexican  floods  and 

Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas in 2019, the Puerto Rico Earthquake and Hurricane Laura in the state of Louisiana 

11

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023with the economic substance requirements under the ES Act, but may not be conclusive. From time to time we engage 

in dialogue, communication and written correspondence with the Registrar of Companies of Bermuda (the “Registrar”) 

regarding our compliance with economic substance requirements. The Registrar may from time to time require further 

information  or  request  documentation  from  us  regarding  our  compliance  with  economic  substance  requirements, 

may require us to enhance our infrastructure in Bermuda or remediate asserted non-compliance and may impose civil 

penalties if we are not in compliance with applicable regulations. IGI Bermuda may need to continue to enhance its 

infrastructure in Bermuda for the purpose of satisfying economic substance requirements under the ES Act and this 

may result in, among other things, some additional operational cost.

An entity which is in-scope of the ES Act is required to complete and file a declaration form as to its compliance 

with its economic substance requirements no later than six months after the last day of its previous financial year. The 

Registrar will have regard to the information provided in the declaration form in making his assessment of the entity’s 

compliance with the economic substance requirements under the ES Act. Entities like IGI that are not in scope are 

only required to file a “nil” declaration.

Potential  government  intervention  in  the  insurance  industry  and  instability  in  the  marketplace  for  insurance 

products could hinder our flexibility and negatively affect the business opportunities that may be available to us in 

Government intervention in the insurance industry and the possibility of future government intervention have 

created  uncertainty  in  the  insurance  and  reinsurance  markets.  Governmental  authorities  worldwide  have  become 

increasingly  interested  in  potential  risks  posed  by  the  insurance  industry  as  a  whole  to  commercial  and  financial 

systems in general, and there could be increased regulatory intervention in the insurance and reinsurance industries 

Government regulators are generally concerned with the protection of policyholders to the exclusion of other 

constituencies, including shareholders of insurers. While we cannot predict the exact nature, timing or scope of possible 

governmental initiatives, such proposals could adversely affect our business by, among other things:

providing insurance and reinsurance capacity in markets and to consumers that we target;

requiring our participation in industry pools and guaranty associations;

expanding the scope of coverage under existing policies (for example, following large disasters);

further regulating the terms of insurance and reinsurance policies;

mandating that insurers provide coverage for areas such as terrorism, where insurance might otherwise be 

difficult to obtain; or

disproportionately benefiting the companies of one country over those of another.

Government intervention has in the recent past taken the form of financial support of certain companies in the 

insurance  and  reinsurance  industry.  Governmental  support  of  individual  competitors  can  lead  to  increased  pricing 

pressure and a distortion of market dynamics. The insurance industry is also affected by political, judicial and legal 

developments that may create new and expanded theories of liability, which may result in unexpected claims frequency 

and severity and delays or cancellations of products and services by insureds, insurers and reinsurers which could 

adversely affect our business.

European  legislation  known  as  “Solvency  II”  was  introduced  with  effect  from  January  1,  2016  and  governs 

the prudential regulation of insurers and reinsurers. Solvency II requires insurers and reinsurers in Europe to meet 

risk-based  solvency  requirements.  Solvency  II  covers  three  main  areas:  (i)  the  valuation  of  assets  and  liabilities 

on  a  Solvency  II  economic  basis  and  risk-based  solvency  and  capital  requirements;  (ii)  governance  requirements 

effecting the key functions of compliance, internal audit, actuarial and risk management; and (iii) new supervisory 

legal  entity  and  group  reporting  and  disclosure  requirements,  including  public  disclosures.  Solvency  II  imposes 

governance requirements on groups with insurers and/or reinsurers operating in the European Economic Area and 

imposes  significant  requirements  for  EU-based  regulated  companies  which  require  substantial  documentation  and 

the market.

in the future.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

implementation effort. Following the UK’s departure from the EU it is anticipated that there would be a divergence 
between UK and EU regulatory systems as the UK determines which EU laws and regulations to maintain and which 
to replace.

The BMA has also implemented and imposed additional requirements on the commercial insurance companies 
it regulates, driven, in large part, by Solvency II. The European Commission has adopted a decision concluding that 
Bermuda meets the full equivalence criteria under Solvency II.

Additionally, governments and regulatory bodies may take unpredictable action to ensure continued supply of 
insurance, particularly where a given event leads to withdrawal of capacity from the market. For example, regulators 
may seek to force us to offer certain covers to (re)insureds, constrain our flexibility to apply certain terms and conditions 
or constrain our ability to make changes to the pricing of our contracts. There can be no assurance as to the effect 
that any such governmental or regulatory actions will have on the financial markets generally or on our competitive 
position, business and financial condition.

We  cannot  predict  the  exact  nature,  timing  or  scope  of  any  possible  governmental  initiatives  and  any  such 
proposals could adversely affect our business. We may not be able to comply fully with, or obtain desired exemptions 
from, revised statutes, regulations and policies that currently, or may in the future, govern the conduct of our business. 
Failure to comply with, or to obtain desired authorizations and/or exemptions under, any applicable laws could result 
in restrictions on our ability to do business or undertake activities that are regulated in one or more of the jurisdictions 
in which we operate and could subject us to fines and other sanctions.

Claims arising from catastrophic events are unpredictable and could be severe.

Our operations expose us to claims arising out of unpredictable natural and other catastrophic events, such as 
hurricanes, windstorms, hailstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, severe winter weather, earthquakes, floods, fires, explosions, 
global  pandemics,  political  unrest,  drilling,  mining  and  other  industrial  accidents,  cyber  events  and  terrorism.  In 
addition to the nature of the property business, economic and geographic trends affecting insured property, including 
inflation, property value appreciation and geographic concentration, tend to generally increase the size of losses from 
catastrophic events over time.

Actual  losses  from  catastrophic  events  may  vary  materially  from  estimates  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainties 
in making such determinations resulting from several factors, including potential inaccuracies and inadequacies in 
the  data  provided  by  clients,  brokers  and  ceding  companies,  the  modeling  techniques  and  the  application  of  such 
techniques, the contingent nature of business interruption exposures, the effects of any resultant demand surge on 
claims activity and attendant coverage issues.

The incidence and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable and our losses from such catastrophes 
could  be  substantial. The  extent  of  losses  from  such  catastrophes  is  a  function  of  the  number,  the  frequency  and 
severity of events, the total amount of insured exposure in the areas affected, the effectiveness of our catastrophe risk 
management program, and the adequacy of our reinsurance coverage. Increases in the value and concentrations of 
insured property and demographic changes more broadly, the effects of inflation and changes in weather patterns may 
increase the frequency or severity of claims from catastrophic events in the future. We may from time to time issue 
preliminary estimates of the impact of catastrophic events that, because of uncertainties in estimating certain losses, 
need to be updated as more information becomes available.

Our most significant catastrophe exposures are set forth below:

Natural catastrophes.  The occurrence of natural catastrophes is inherently uncertain. Generally, over the past 
decade, insured losses for catastrophes have increased, due principally to weather-related catastrophes, including but 
not limited to the impact of global warming. The increasing concentrations of economic activities and people living and 
working in areas exposed to natural catastrophes have resulted in increased exposure for insurance providers. Increasing 
insurance penetration, growing technological vulnerability and higher property values have further compounded the 
insurance  industry’s  exposure. A  series  of  extreme  weather  events  resulted  in  one  of  the  most  expensive  years  for 
natural catastrophes in 2017. Significant natural catastrophes affecting IGI in the recent past have included Hurricane 
Maria, Hurricane Irma and the September 2017 earthquake in Mexico. Our most significant claims relating to natural 
catastrophes,  net  of  reinsurance,  during  the  recent  past  have  included  claims  relating  to  the  Mexican  floods  and 
Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas in 2019, the Puerto Rico Earthquake and Hurricane Laura in the state of Louisiana 

11

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34

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          in the United States in 2020, Hurricane Ida and the European Floods in 2021 and Hurricane Ian and Australia Floods in 
2022. In 2023, the Turkey Earthquake and Cyclone Gabrielle resulted in gross and net reported claims of $15.0 million 
and $12.4 million, respectively. The possible effects of natural catastrophes could be compounded by climate change, 
severe weather, floods and drought, as well as adverse agricultural yields.

Man-made disasters.  Complex technology intersecting with increased population density, infrastructure and 
higher rates of utilization of natural resources increase the likelihood and the magnitude of catastrophic man-made 
events caused by accident or negligence. Man-made disasters, as well as disasters that pose significant risk to the 
environment, bear particularly high potential for losses. Due to the uncertainty of the occurrence of, and loss from, 
man-made disasters, unexpected large losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flow. Man-made disasters such as oil spills from offshore drilling could give rise not only to claims 
due to the damage caused by such events but also claims arising from governmental sanctions and civil litigation.

Global pandemics.  The outbreak of a pandemic disease, like COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect 
on our liquidity, financial condition and the operating results of our business due to its impact on the economy and 
financial markets.

Terrorism.  We face risks related to terrorist and criminal acts on a significant scale (including acts intended 
to cause strain on financial and other critical infrastructures, which, given the state of reliance on digital technology, 
could  be  triggered  by  cyber  threats).  Our  exposure  to  terrorism  and  criminal  acts  arises  mainly  from  the  political 
violence line of business. However, conventions in the market limit or exclude certain terrorist acts in a number of 
lines of business. We closely monitor the amount and types of coverage we provide for terrorism risk under treaties. 
If we believe we can reasonably evaluate the risk of loss and charge an appropriate premium for such risk, we will 
underwrite  terrorism  exposure  on  a  stand-alone  basis. We  generally  seek  to  exclude  terrorism  from  non-terrorism 
policies.

Cyber.  Within  our  insurance  portfolio  we  have  limited  exposure  to  cyber  as  a  specific  peril. Typically,  we 
require market standard cyber exclusion clauses to be applied. We seek wherever possible to exclude losses resulting 
from cyber related events. Notwithstanding this, we do have a degree of potential exposure to losses arising following 
cyber-attacks  (physical  damage)  where  cover  has  been  explicitly  written  back  into  policies  (such  as  for  Upstream 
Energy) and some exposure to ’silent cyber’ risks, meaning risks and potential losses associated with policies where 
cyber risk is neither specifically included nor excluded in the policies (such as D&O and financial institutions). In 
2023, we actively participated in three cyber-related reinsurance treaties. These risks are written on a net basis and 
within a specifically defined risk appetite and capital tolerance. All three risks have either Event Limits or Loss Ratio 
Caps that enables us to quantify our worst-case downside risk.

Military  conflicts. 

In  2022,  Russian  military  forces  launched  a  military  action  in  Ukraine.  The  sustained 
conflict and disruption in the region have continued to date and may extend beyond Ukraine and Russia. In 2023, 
a military conflict erupted between Israel and Hamas and the conflict has expanded to Houthis launching a number 
of attacks on marine vessels traversing the Red Sea and disrupting shipping routes. These conflicts have resulted in 
significant volatility in commodity prices and the supply of energy and other resources, supply chain interruptions, 
political and social instability, trade disputes or trade barriers, any of which could adversely affect the number and 
amount of insurance claims related to losses incurred in connection with any of the above disruptions.

Systemic events. 

In addition to natural and man-made disasters, systemic financial risks have the potential to 
cause significant economic disruptions in a variety of geographies and sectors, due to the interconnectedness of the 
global economy, which could give rise to significant claims. The 2008 global financial crisis was one such event. In 
this context, such economic disruptions could adversely impact certain lines of business to which we are exposed 
including (but not necessarily limited to) our professional lines and financial institutions lines of business.

In general, while we hold capital to cover catastrophes and use geographic and line of business diversification 
and reinsurance to manage our exposure to risks, these measures may not be sufficient were we to face significant 
claims in excess of expected losses. Claims from catastrophic events could reduce our earnings and cause substantial 
volatility in our results of operations for any given period. A catastrophic event or multiple catastrophic events could 
also adversely affect our financial condition and our capital position. To meet our obligations with respect to claims 
from catastrophic events, we may be forced to liquidate some of our investments rapidly, which may involve selling a 
portion of our investments into a depressed market, which would decrease our returns from investments and could strain 

our capital position. Our ability to write new insurance policies could also be impacted as a result of corresponding 

reductions in our capital. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations 

and our financial condition.

Additionally,  to  help  assess  our  exposure  to  losses  from  catastrophes  we  use  computer-based  models  which 

simulate multiple scenarios using a variety of assumptions. These models are developed in part by third-party vendors 

and  their  effectiveness  relies  on  the  numerous  inputs  and  assumptions  contained  within  them,  including,  but  not 

limited to, scientific research, historical data, exposure data provided by insureds and reinsureds, data on the terms 

and conditions of insurance policies and the professional judgment of our employees and other industry specialists. 

While the models have evolved considerably over time, they may not necessarily accurately measure the statistical 

distribution of potential future losses due to the inherent limitations of the inputs and assumptions on which they rely.

These limitations are evidenced by significant variation in the results obtained from different external vendor 

natural  catastrophe  models,  material  changes  in  model  results  over  time  due  to  refinement  of  the  underlying  data 

elements and assumptions and the uncertain predictive capability and performance of models over longer time intervals.

Due  to  the  foregoing,  it  is  possible  that  a  catastrophic  event  or  multiple  catastrophic  events  could  produce 

significant losses and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changing climate conditions may increase the frequency and severity of catastrophic events and thereby adversely 

affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Over the past several years, changing weather patterns and climatic conditions, such as global warming, appear to 

have contributed to the unpredictability, frequency and severity of natural disasters and created additional uncertainty 

as to future trends and exposures. Although the loss experience of catastrophe insurers and reinsurers has historically 

been characterized as low frequency, climate change increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, 

such  as  hurricanes,  tornadoes,  windstorms,  floods  and  other  natural  disasters.  Many  sectors  to  which  we  provide 

insurance and reinsurance coverage might be affected by climate change. The increased frequency and severity of 

extreme weather events could make it more difficult for us to predict and model catastrophic events, reducing our 

ability to accurately price our exposure to such events and mitigate our risks.

The effects of global warming and climate change cannot be predicted and may aggravate potential loss scenarios, 

risk  modelling  and  financial  performance.  Increasing  global  average  temperatures  may  continue  in  the  future  and 

could impact our business in the long-term. Claims for catastrophic events, or an unusual frequency of smaller losses 

in a particular period, could expose us to large losses, cause substantial volatility in our results of operations and could 

have a material adverse effect on our ability to write new business. Furthermore, climate change could lead to severe 

weather events spreading to parts of the world that have not previously experienced extreme weather conditions. Any 

of these occurrences may decrease the accuracy of our underwriting models and may result in us mispricing risk when 

writing our policies.

If climate change results in an increase in the frequency and severity of weather-related catastrophes, we may 

experience additional catastrophe-related losses or disruptions, which may be material. Additionally, we cannot predict 

how  legal,  regulatory  and/or  social  responses  to  concerns  around  global  climate  change  may  impact  our  business. 

Although we attempt to manage our exposure to such events through the use of underwriting controls, risk models, 

and the purchase of third-party reinsurance, catastrophic events are inherently unpredictable and the actual nature of 

such events when they occur could be more frequent or severe than contemplated in our pricing and risk management 

expectations. As a result, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events could have an adverse effect on our results 

of operations and financial condition.

Our investment portfolio exposures may be materially adversely affected by global climate change regulation and 

other factors.

World  leaders  met  at  the  2015  United  Nations  Climate  Change  Conference  in  December  2015  in  Paris  and 

agreed to limit global greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere to a level which would not increase the average 

global temperature by more than 2° Celsius, with an aspiration of limiting such increase to 1.5° Celsius (the “Paris 

Agreement”).  In  order  for  governments  to  achieve  their  existing  and  future  international  commitments  to  limit 

the  concentration  of  greenhouse  gases  under  the  Paris Agreement,  there  is  widespread  consensus  in  the  scientific 

community that a significant percentage of existing proven fossil fuel reserves must not be consumed. In addition, 

13

14

35

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023in the United States in 2020, Hurricane Ida and the European Floods in 2021 and Hurricane Ian and Australia Floods in 

2022. In 2023, the Turkey Earthquake and Cyclone Gabrielle resulted in gross and net reported claims of $15.0 million 

and $12.4 million, respectively. The possible effects of natural catastrophes could be compounded by climate change, 

severe weather, floods and drought, as well as adverse agricultural yields.

Man-made disasters.  Complex technology intersecting with increased population density, infrastructure and 

higher rates of utilization of natural resources increase the likelihood and the magnitude of catastrophic man-made 

events caused by accident or negligence. Man-made disasters, as well as disasters that pose significant risk to the 

environment, bear particularly high potential for losses. Due to the uncertainty of the occurrence of, and loss from, 

man-made disasters, unexpected large losses could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of 

operations and cash flow. Man-made disasters such as oil spills from offshore drilling could give rise not only to claims 

due to the damage caused by such events but also claims arising from governmental sanctions and civil litigation.

Global pandemics.  The outbreak of a pandemic disease, like COVID-19, could have a material adverse effect 

on our liquidity, financial condition and the operating results of our business due to its impact on the economy and 

financial markets.

Terrorism.  We face risks related to terrorist and criminal acts on a significant scale (including acts intended 

to cause strain on financial and other critical infrastructures, which, given the state of reliance on digital technology, 

could  be  triggered  by  cyber  threats).  Our  exposure  to  terrorism  and  criminal  acts  arises  mainly  from  the  political 

violence line of business. However, conventions in the market limit or exclude certain terrorist acts in a number of 

lines of business. We closely monitor the amount and types of coverage we provide for terrorism risk under treaties. 

If we believe we can reasonably evaluate the risk of loss and charge an appropriate premium for such risk, we will 

underwrite  terrorism  exposure  on  a  stand-alone  basis. We  generally  seek  to  exclude  terrorism  from  non-terrorism 

policies.

Cyber.  Within  our  insurance  portfolio  we  have  limited  exposure  to  cyber  as  a  specific  peril. Typically,  we 

require market standard cyber exclusion clauses to be applied. We seek wherever possible to exclude losses resulting 

from cyber related events. Notwithstanding this, we do have a degree of potential exposure to losses arising following 

cyber-attacks  (physical  damage)  where  cover  has  been  explicitly  written  back  into  policies  (such  as  for  Upstream 

Energy) and some exposure to ’silent cyber’ risks, meaning risks and potential losses associated with policies where 

cyber risk is neither specifically included nor excluded in the policies (such as D&O and financial institutions). In 

2023, we actively participated in three cyber-related reinsurance treaties. These risks are written on a net basis and 

within a specifically defined risk appetite and capital tolerance. All three risks have either Event Limits or Loss Ratio 

Caps that enables us to quantify our worst-case downside risk.

Military  conflicts. 

In  2022,  Russian  military  forces  launched  a  military  action  in  Ukraine.  The  sustained 

conflict and disruption in the region have continued to date and may extend beyond Ukraine and Russia. In 2023, 

a military conflict erupted between Israel and Hamas and the conflict has expanded to Houthis launching a number 

of attacks on marine vessels traversing the Red Sea and disrupting shipping routes. These conflicts have resulted in 

significant volatility in commodity prices and the supply of energy and other resources, supply chain interruptions, 

political and social instability, trade disputes or trade barriers, any of which could adversely affect the number and 

amount of insurance claims related to losses incurred in connection with any of the above disruptions.

Systemic events. 

In addition to natural and man-made disasters, systemic financial risks have the potential to 

cause significant economic disruptions in a variety of geographies and sectors, due to the interconnectedness of the 

global economy, which could give rise to significant claims. The 2008 global financial crisis was one such event. In 

this context, such economic disruptions could adversely impact certain lines of business to which we are exposed 

including (but not necessarily limited to) our professional lines and financial institutions lines of business.

In general, while we hold capital to cover catastrophes and use geographic and line of business diversification 

and reinsurance to manage our exposure to risks, these measures may not be sufficient were we to face significant 

claims in excess of expected losses. Claims from catastrophic events could reduce our earnings and cause substantial 

volatility in our results of operations for any given period. A catastrophic event or multiple catastrophic events could 

also adversely affect our financial condition and our capital position. To meet our obligations with respect to claims 

from catastrophic events, we may be forced to liquidate some of our investments rapidly, which may involve selling a 

portion of our investments into a depressed market, which would decrease our returns from investments and could strain 

our capital position. Our ability to write new insurance policies could also be impacted as a result of corresponding 
reductions in our capital. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations 
and our financial condition.

Additionally,  to  help  assess  our  exposure  to  losses  from  catastrophes  we  use  computer-based  models  which 
simulate multiple scenarios using a variety of assumptions. These models are developed in part by third-party vendors 
and  their  effectiveness  relies  on  the  numerous  inputs  and  assumptions  contained  within  them,  including,  but  not 
limited to, scientific research, historical data, exposure data provided by insureds and reinsureds, data on the terms 
and conditions of insurance policies and the professional judgment of our employees and other industry specialists. 
While the models have evolved considerably over time, they may not necessarily accurately measure the statistical 
distribution of potential future losses due to the inherent limitations of the inputs and assumptions on which they rely.

These limitations are evidenced by significant variation in the results obtained from different external vendor 
natural  catastrophe  models,  material  changes  in  model  results  over  time  due  to  refinement  of  the  underlying  data 
elements and assumptions and the uncertain predictive capability and performance of models over longer time intervals.

Due  to  the  foregoing,  it  is  possible  that  a  catastrophic  event  or  multiple  catastrophic  events  could  produce 

significant losses and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changing climate conditions may increase the frequency and severity of catastrophic events and thereby adversely 
affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Over the past several years, changing weather patterns and climatic conditions, such as global warming, appear to 
have contributed to the unpredictability, frequency and severity of natural disasters and created additional uncertainty 
as to future trends and exposures. Although the loss experience of catastrophe insurers and reinsurers has historically 
been characterized as low frequency, climate change increases the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, 
such  as  hurricanes,  tornadoes,  windstorms,  floods  and  other  natural  disasters.  Many  sectors  to  which  we  provide 
insurance and reinsurance coverage might be affected by climate change. The increased frequency and severity of 
extreme weather events could make it more difficult for us to predict and model catastrophic events, reducing our 
ability to accurately price our exposure to such events and mitigate our risks.

The effects of global warming and climate change cannot be predicted and may aggravate potential loss scenarios, 
risk  modelling  and  financial  performance.  Increasing  global  average  temperatures  may  continue  in  the  future  and 
could impact our business in the long-term. Claims for catastrophic events, or an unusual frequency of smaller losses 
in a particular period, could expose us to large losses, cause substantial volatility in our results of operations and could 
have a material adverse effect on our ability to write new business. Furthermore, climate change could lead to severe 
weather events spreading to parts of the world that have not previously experienced extreme weather conditions. Any 
of these occurrences may decrease the accuracy of our underwriting models and may result in us mispricing risk when 
writing our policies.

If climate change results in an increase in the frequency and severity of weather-related catastrophes, we may 
experience additional catastrophe-related losses or disruptions, which may be material. Additionally, we cannot predict 
how  legal,  regulatory  and/or  social  responses  to  concerns  around  global  climate  change  may  impact  our  business. 
Although we attempt to manage our exposure to such events through the use of underwriting controls, risk models, 
and the purchase of third-party reinsurance, catastrophic events are inherently unpredictable and the actual nature of 
such events when they occur could be more frequent or severe than contemplated in our pricing and risk management 
expectations. As a result, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events could have an adverse effect on our results 
of operations and financial condition.

Our investment portfolio exposures may be materially adversely affected by global climate change regulation and 
other factors.

World  leaders  met  at  the  2015  United  Nations  Climate  Change  Conference  in  December  2015  in  Paris  and 
agreed to limit global greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere to a level which would not increase the average 
global temperature by more than 2° Celsius, with an aspiration of limiting such increase to 1.5° Celsius (the “Paris 
Agreement”).  In  order  for  governments  to  achieve  their  existing  and  future  international  commitments  to  limit 
the  concentration  of  greenhouse  gases  under  the  Paris Agreement,  there  is  widespread  consensus  in  the  scientific 
community that a significant percentage of existing proven fossil fuel reserves must not be consumed. In addition, 

13

14

36

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          divestment campaigns, which call on asset owners to divest from direct ownership of commingled funds that include 
fossil  fuel  equities  and  bonds,  likewise  signal  a  change  in  society’s  attitude  towards  the  social  and  environmental 
externalities of doing business.

With respect to our casualty and specialty reinsurance operations, these legal and social changes and their impact 

may not become apparent until some time after their occurrence. For example, we could be deemed liable for losses 

arising out of a matter which we had not anticipated or had attempted to contractually exclude.

In addition, the 2023 UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) was held in Dubai and sought to accelerate 
action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. The COP28 agreement, although not legally binding, includes pledges 
to move away from fossil fuels in power systems and triple new investments in renewable energy.

Potential efforts by us to exclude such exposures could, if successful, reduce the market’s acceptance of our 

related products. The full effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues are extremely 

hard to predict. As a result, the full extent of our liability under our coverages may not be known for many years after 

As a result of the above, energy companies and other companies engaged in the production or storage of fossil 
fuels  may  experience  unexpected  or  premature  devaluations  or  write-offs  of  their  fossil  fuel  reserves. A  material 
change in the asset value of fossil fuels or the securities of energy companies and companies in these other sectors may 
therefore materially adversely affect our investment portfolio and our results of operations and financial condition.

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues, such as (but not limited to) bad faith claims or disputed policy 
terms, on our business are uncertain.

As industry practices and economic, legal, judicial, social, political, technological and environmental conditions 
change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge, including new or expanded 
theories  of  liability.  Claim  and  coverage  issues  can  arise  when  the  application  of  insurance  policy  language  to 
potentially covered claims is unclear or disputed by the parties. When such issues emerge they may adversely affect 
our business by extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or increasing the number or size of claims. In 
some instances, these coverage changes may not become apparent until after we have issued insurance contracts that 
are affected by such changes. As a result, the full extent of our liability under insurance policies may not be known for 
many years after the policies are issued. Emerging claim and coverage issues could therefore have an adverse effect 
on our operating results and financial condition. In particular, our exposure to casualty insurance lines increases our 
potential exposure to this risk due to the uncertainties of expanded theories of liability and the “long-tail” nature of 
these lines of business.

These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or 
by increasing the frequency and/or severity of claims. In some instances, these changes may not become apparent until 
sometime after we have issued the insurance or reinsurance contracts that are affected by the changes. In addition, 
our actual losses may vary materially from our current estimate of the loss based on a number of factors. Examples of 
emerging claims and coverage issues include, but are not limited to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

judicial expansion of policy coverage and a greater propensity to grant claimants more favorable amounts 
and the impact of new theories of liability;

plaintiffs targeting insurers, including us, in purported class action litigation relating to claims-handling 
and other practices;

social inflation trends, including higher and more frequent claims, more favorable judgments and legislated 
increases;

medical developments that link health issues to particular causes, resulting in liability claims;

claims relating to unanticipated consequences of current or new technologies, including cyber-security 
related risks;

claims relating to potentially changing climate conditions; and

increased claims due to third-party funding of litigation.

These  or  other  changes  could  impose  new  financial  obligations  on  us  by  extending  coverage  beyond  our 
underwriting intent or otherwise require us to make unplanned modifications to the products and services that we 
provide, or cause the delay or cancellation of products and services that we provide.

The  monetary  impact  of  certain  claims  may  be  difficult  to  predict  or  ascertain  upon  inception  and  potential 
losses from such claims can be significant. For example, the full extent of our liability and exposure from claims of bad 
faith is not ascertainable until the claim has been presented and investigated. As such, a significant award in monetary 
terms on the basis of bad faith could adversely affect our financial condition or operating results.

a contract is issued.

In addition, the potential passage of new legislation designed to expand the right to sue, to remove limitations 

on recovery, to extend the statutes of limitations or otherwise to repeal or weaken tort reforms could have an adverse 

impact on our business. The effects of unforeseen developments or substantial government intervention could adversely 

impact our ability to achieve our goals. The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues 

are difficult to predict and could harm our business and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Relating to our Business and Operations

A deterioration in macroeconomic, political and other conditions, particularly in select parts of Europe, Central 

and South America, the Middle East and Africa, could adversely impact our financial performance.

We are an international business and are affected by economic, political and other macro conditions and industry 

specific conditions in certain markets in which we operate, including the UK, continental Europe, Central and South 

America, the Middle East and Africa.

Our international operations and investments expose us to increased political, operational and economic risks. 

Deterioration or volatility in foreign and international financial markets or general economic and political conditions 

could  adversely  affect  our  operating  results,  financial  condition  and  liquidity.  Economic  imbalances  and  financial 

market turmoil could result in a widening of credit spreads and volatility in share prices. The publication of certain 

financial and economic data could indicate that global financial markets are deteriorating. These circumstances could 

lead to a decline in asset values and potentially reduce the demand for insurance due to limited economic growth 

prospects. Concerns about the economic conditions, capital markets, political and economic stability and solvency of 

certain countries have contributed to global market volatility. Political changes in the jurisdictions where we operate 

and  elsewhere,  some  of  which  may  be  disruptive,  can  also  interfere  with  the  business  of  our  customers  and  our 

activities in a particular location.

Economic conditions in the Middle East region affect us given that approximately 9% and 10% of our GWP 

generated in 2023 and 2022, respectively, originated from risks in this region. In addition, a significant portion of our 

investment assets are located in the MENA region. Since the start of the 2008 financial crisis, there has been a dampening 

or reversal of the high rates of growth that had been experienced by many countries within the broader Middle East 

region and in particular the Gulf Co-operation Council countries, comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi 

Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (the “GCC”). Since the first half of 2011 there has been significant political and 

social unrest in the Middle East region, including violent protests and armed conflict in a number of countries, such as 

Syria and Yemen, and most recently armed conflict between Israel and Hamas and the Houthi disruption of Red Sea 

international shipping routes. The situation has caused significant disruption to the economies of affected countries, 

which in some instances has led to an increase in premiums, but has overall had a destabilizing effect on insurance 

premiums. The bulk of our underwriting operations are based in London, with back and middle-office underwriting 

operations centralized in Jordan. Jordan has proven politically and socially stable to date, notwithstanding the recent 

events  in  the  wider  Middle  East  region. While  a  change  in  the  political  or  social  situation  in  Jordan  could  prove 

disruptive to our operations, we have the capacity to service our operations in Jordan from our London and Dubai 

offices should the situation change.

A  deterioration  in  macroeconomic  conditions  globally  may  affect  the  decisions  of  current  and  prospective 

policyholders as to the level of insurance or reinsurance coverage which they purchase in any given year, which in turn 

may, where such parties decide to reduce or otherwise limit their expenditure on such coverage, affect the amount of 

business underwritten by us. Also, the nature of insurance liabilities is one of a promise to pay claims at a point in the 

future, meaning that a change in macroeconomic conditions leading to increased inflation may result in an increase in 

the value at which claims are paid. Our international operations also may be subject to a number of additional risks, 

particularly in emerging economies, including restrictions such as price controls, capital controls, currency exchange 

15

16

37

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023divestment campaigns, which call on asset owners to divest from direct ownership of commingled funds that include 

fossil  fuel  equities  and  bonds,  likewise  signal  a  change  in  society’s  attitude  towards  the  social  and  environmental 

externalities of doing business.

With respect to our casualty and specialty reinsurance operations, these legal and social changes and their impact 
may not become apparent until some time after their occurrence. For example, we could be deemed liable for losses 
arising out of a matter which we had not anticipated or had attempted to contractually exclude.

In addition, the 2023 UN Climate Change Conference (COP28) was held in Dubai and sought to accelerate 

action towards the goals of the Paris Agreement. The COP28 agreement, although not legally binding, includes pledges 

to move away from fossil fuels in power systems and triple new investments in renewable energy.

As a result of the above, energy companies and other companies engaged in the production or storage of fossil 

fuels  may  experience  unexpected  or  premature  devaluations  or  write-offs  of  their  fossil  fuel  reserves. A  material 

change in the asset value of fossil fuels or the securities of energy companies and companies in these other sectors may 

therefore materially adversely affect our investment portfolio and our results of operations and financial condition.

The effects of emerging claim and coverage issues, such as (but not limited to) bad faith claims or disputed policy 

terms, on our business are uncertain.

As industry practices and economic, legal, judicial, social, political, technological and environmental conditions 

change, unexpected and unintended issues related to claims and coverage may emerge, including new or expanded 

theories  of  liability.  Claim  and  coverage  issues  can  arise  when  the  application  of  insurance  policy  language  to 

potentially covered claims is unclear or disputed by the parties. When such issues emerge they may adversely affect 

our business by extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or increasing the number or size of claims. In 

some instances, these coverage changes may not become apparent until after we have issued insurance contracts that 

are affected by such changes. As a result, the full extent of our liability under insurance policies may not be known for 

many years after the policies are issued. Emerging claim and coverage issues could therefore have an adverse effect 

on our operating results and financial condition. In particular, our exposure to casualty insurance lines increases our 

potential exposure to this risk due to the uncertainties of expanded theories of liability and the “long-tail” nature of 

these lines of business.

These issues may adversely affect our business by either extending coverage beyond our underwriting intent or 

by increasing the frequency and/or severity of claims. In some instances, these changes may not become apparent until 

sometime after we have issued the insurance or reinsurance contracts that are affected by the changes. In addition, 

our actual losses may vary materially from our current estimate of the loss based on a number of factors. Examples of 

emerging claims and coverage issues include, but are not limited to:

judicial expansion of policy coverage and a greater propensity to grant claimants more favorable amounts 

and the impact of new theories of liability;

plaintiffs targeting insurers, including us, in purported class action litigation relating to claims-handling 

and other practices;

increases;

related risks;

social inflation trends, including higher and more frequent claims, more favorable judgments and legislated 

medical developments that link health issues to particular causes, resulting in liability claims;

claims relating to unanticipated consequences of current or new technologies, including cyber-security 

claims relating to potentially changing climate conditions; and

increased claims due to third-party funding of litigation.

These  or  other  changes  could  impose  new  financial  obligations  on  us  by  extending  coverage  beyond  our 

underwriting intent or otherwise require us to make unplanned modifications to the products and services that we 

provide, or cause the delay or cancellation of products and services that we provide.

The  monetary  impact  of  certain  claims  may  be  difficult  to  predict  or  ascertain  upon  inception  and  potential 

losses from such claims can be significant. For example, the full extent of our liability and exposure from claims of bad 

faith is not ascertainable until the claim has been presented and investigated. As such, a significant award in monetary 

terms on the basis of bad faith could adversely affect our financial condition or operating results.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Potential efforts by us to exclude such exposures could, if successful, reduce the market’s acceptance of our 
related products. The full effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues are extremely 
hard to predict. As a result, the full extent of our liability under our coverages may not be known for many years after 
a contract is issued.

In addition, the potential passage of new legislation designed to expand the right to sue, to remove limitations 
on recovery, to extend the statutes of limitations or otherwise to repeal or weaken tort reforms could have an adverse 
impact on our business. The effects of unforeseen developments or substantial government intervention could adversely 
impact our ability to achieve our goals. The effects of these and other unforeseen emerging claim and coverage issues 
are difficult to predict and could harm our business and materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

Risks Relating to our Business and Operations

A deterioration in macroeconomic, political and other conditions, particularly in select parts of Europe, Central 
and South America, the Middle East and Africa, could adversely impact our financial performance.

We are an international business and are affected by economic, political and other macro conditions and industry 
specific conditions in certain markets in which we operate, including the UK, continental Europe, Central and South 
America, the Middle East and Africa.

Our international operations and investments expose us to increased political, operational and economic risks. 
Deterioration or volatility in foreign and international financial markets or general economic and political conditions 
could  adversely  affect  our  operating  results,  financial  condition  and  liquidity.  Economic  imbalances  and  financial 
market turmoil could result in a widening of credit spreads and volatility in share prices. The publication of certain 
financial and economic data could indicate that global financial markets are deteriorating. These circumstances could 
lead to a decline in asset values and potentially reduce the demand for insurance due to limited economic growth 
prospects. Concerns about the economic conditions, capital markets, political and economic stability and solvency of 
certain countries have contributed to global market volatility. Political changes in the jurisdictions where we operate 
and  elsewhere,  some  of  which  may  be  disruptive,  can  also  interfere  with  the  business  of  our  customers  and  our 
activities in a particular location.

Economic conditions in the Middle East region affect us given that approximately 9% and 10% of our GWP 
generated in 2023 and 2022, respectively, originated from risks in this region. In addition, a significant portion of our 
investment assets are located in the MENA region. Since the start of the 2008 financial crisis, there has been a dampening 
or reversal of the high rates of growth that had been experienced by many countries within the broader Middle East 
region and in particular the Gulf Co-operation Council countries, comprising Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi 
Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (the “GCC”). Since the first half of 2011 there has been significant political and 
social unrest in the Middle East region, including violent protests and armed conflict in a number of countries, such as 
Syria and Yemen, and most recently armed conflict between Israel and Hamas and the Houthi disruption of Red Sea 
international shipping routes. The situation has caused significant disruption to the economies of affected countries, 
which in some instances has led to an increase in premiums, but has overall had a destabilizing effect on insurance 
premiums. The bulk of our underwriting operations are based in London, with back and middle-office underwriting 
operations centralized in Jordan. Jordan has proven politically and socially stable to date, notwithstanding the recent 
events  in  the  wider  Middle  East  region. While  a  change  in  the  political  or  social  situation  in  Jordan  could  prove 
disruptive to our operations, we have the capacity to service our operations in Jordan from our London and Dubai 
offices should the situation change.

A  deterioration  in  macroeconomic  conditions  globally  may  affect  the  decisions  of  current  and  prospective 
policyholders as to the level of insurance or reinsurance coverage which they purchase in any given year, which in turn 
may, where such parties decide to reduce or otherwise limit their expenditure on such coverage, affect the amount of 
business underwritten by us. Also, the nature of insurance liabilities is one of a promise to pay claims at a point in the 
future, meaning that a change in macroeconomic conditions leading to increased inflation may result in an increase in 
the value at which claims are paid. Our international operations also may be subject to a number of additional risks, 
particularly in emerging economies, including restrictions such as price controls, capital controls, currency exchange 

15

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38

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          limits, ownership limits and other restrictive or anti-competitive governmental actions or requirements. Any of the 
foregoing  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  performance,  which  in  turn  could  have  a  material 
adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Estimating insurance reserves is inherently uncertain and, if our loss reserves are insufficient, it will have a negative 
impact on our results.

To recognize liabilities for outstanding claims, both known or unknown, insurers establish reserves, which is 
a balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses 
with respect to insured events which have occurred. Estimates and assumptions relating to net reserves for unpaid 
loss and loss adjustment expenses are based on complex and subjective judgments, often including the interplay of 
specific uncertainties with related accounting and actuarial measurements. Such estimates are susceptible to change. 
For example:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

At the time of loss information available regarding the circumstances and the extent of a loss may not be 
fully known.

It may not be clear whether the circumstances of a loss are covered.

If a legal decision is required to resolve coverage this may take many years.

The  actions  the  insured  takes  to  remediate  the  loss  may  affect  the  eventual  loss  amount  (favorably  or 
unfavorably).

The availability of replacement parts, skilled labor, access to the loss site and the speed at which repairs 
can be undertaken may not be known for some time and may be subject to change.

It may be many years before the occurrence of a loss becomes known.

•  Where claims take a long time to settle, new information, changes in circumstances, legal decisions, rates 
of exchange and economic conditions (particularly claims inflation) may affect the value and validity of 
claims made.

When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The case reserve will 
represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at 
that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry reserving practices, the experience 
and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team. If insufficient information is available, the 
claims handler may be unable to establish an estimate and will seek further information that will allow an informed 
estimate to be established. Claims reserves are also established to provide for:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

losses incurred but not reported to the insurer (“pure IBNR”);

potential changes in the adequacy of case reserves (“Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”); 
and

the estimated expenses of settling claims, including both:

Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses: claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees); and

Unallocated  Loss Adjustment  Expenses:  other  general  expenses  (such  as  the  costs  of  maintaining  the 
claims handling function).

The timing of our results depends in large part on the extent to which the development and settlement of claims 
and reinsurance recoveries are consistent with the assumptions used to establish reserves. If expectations for and/or 
the actual cost of settlement increase or the timing of reporting and/or settlement changes than we face the risk that the 
reserves in our financial statements may be inadequate and need to be increased. In this event an increase in reserves 
would cause a reduction in our profitability and could result in operating losses and a reduction of capital.

Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability, but rather are estimates of the expected cost of settling claims. 
This  process  relies  on  the  assumption  that  past  experience,  adjusted  for  the  effects  of  current  developments  and 
anticipated  trends,  is  an  appropriate  basis  for  projecting  future  claims  development.  The  estimates  are  based  on 

actuarial and statistical projections of facts and circumstances known at the time of the review, estimates of trends in 

claim frequency, severity and other variable factors, including new bases of liability and general economic conditions. 

These variables can be affected by many factors, including internal and external events, such as changes in claims 

handling procedures, economic inflation, foreign currency movements, legal trends, legislative decisions and changes 

and the recognition of new sources of claims.

Potentially, claims may emerge, particularly claims arising from changes in the legal and regulatory environment, 

the type or magnitude of which we are unable to predict.

Reserves for inward reinsurance may be subject to greater uncertainty than for insurance primarily because, 

as a reinsurer, we rely on (i) the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies and (ii) information and 

data provided by the ceding companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that our ceding companies may not have 

adequately evaluated the risks reinsured by us and the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks 

we assume. In addition, reinsurance reserves may be less reliable than insurance reserves because of the greater scope 

of losses underlying reinsurance claims, limitations in the information provided and the generally longer lapse of time 

from the occurrence of the event to the reporting of the loss to the reinsurer and its settlement.

The estimation of adequate reserves is more difficult and thus more uncertain for claims arising from “long-tail” 

policies, under which claims may not be paid until substantially beyond the end of the policy term. The estimation of 

such liabilities is subject to many complex variables, including the current legal environment, specific settlements that 

may be used as precedents to settle future claims, assumptions regarding trends with respect to claim frequency and 

severity, issues of coverage and the ability to locate defendants. Additional uncertainty also arises from the relative 

lack  of  development  history,  which  limits  the  scope  of  experience  on  which  estimates  are  based. This  is  partially 

mitigated by the use of and monitoring against market benchmarks.

While every effort is made to ensure we are reserved appropriately, changes in trends and other factors underlying 

our reserve estimates could result in our reserves being inadequate. Because setting reserves is inherently uncertain 

we cannot provide assurance that our current reserves will prove adequate considering subsequent events. If our loss 

reserves are determined to be inadequate, we will be required to increase our reserves at the time with a corresponding 

reduction in our net income for that period. Such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on our results and 

our financial condition.

countries in which we operate.

There  is  a  degree  of  uncertainty  and  a  high-risk  environment  for  investment  and  business  activities  in  certain 

Some  of  the  countries  in  which  we  operate  or  may  operate  in  the  future  are  in  various  stages  of  developing 

institutions  and  legal  and  regulatory  systems  that  are  not  yet  as  firmly  established  as  they  are  in Western  Europe 

and the U.S. Some of these countries are also in the process of transitioning to a market economy and, as a result, 

are experiencing changes in their economies and their government policies (including, without limitation, policies 

relating to foreign ownership, repatriation of profits, property and contractual rights and planning and permit-granting 

regimes) that may affect our investments in these countries and may expose us to the impact of political or economic 

upheaval, and we could be subject to unforeseen administrative or fiscal burdens.

The procedural safeguards of the legal and regulatory regimes in these countries are still developing and, therefore, 

existing  laws  and  regulations  may  be  applied  inconsistently.  Often,  fundamental  contract,  property  and  corporate 

laws and regulatory regimes have only recently become effective, which may result in ambiguities, inconsistencies 

and anomalies in their interpretation and enforcement. In addition, legislation may often contemplate implementing 

regulations that have not yet been promulgated, leaving substantial gaps in the regulatory infrastructure. All of these 

weaknesses  could  affect  our  ability  to  enforce  contractual  rights  or  to  defend  ourselves  against  claims  by  others. 

Moreover, in certain circumstances, it may not be possible to obtain the legal remedies provided under current laws and 

regulations in a timely manner, or at all. The independence of the judicial systems and their immunity from economic, 

political and nationalistic influences in many of the countries in which we operate or may operate in the future remain 

largely untested. Instability and uncertainties relating to the legal and regulatory environment in these countries or 

other countries in which we may operate in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 

condition and results of operations.

17

18

39

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023limits, ownership limits and other restrictive or anti-competitive governmental actions or requirements. Any of the 

foregoing  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  performance,  which  in  turn  could  have  a  material 

adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Estimating insurance reserves is inherently uncertain and, if our loss reserves are insufficient, it will have a negative 

impact on our results.

To recognize liabilities for outstanding claims, both known or unknown, insurers establish reserves, which is 

a balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses 

with respect to insured events which have occurred. Estimates and assumptions relating to net reserves for unpaid 

loss and loss adjustment expenses are based on complex and subjective judgments, often including the interplay of 

specific uncertainties with related accounting and actuarial measurements. Such estimates are susceptible to change. 

For example:

fully known.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

At the time of loss information available regarding the circumstances and the extent of a loss may not be 

It may not be clear whether the circumstances of a loss are covered.

If a legal decision is required to resolve coverage this may take many years.

The  actions  the  insured  takes  to  remediate  the  loss  may  affect  the  eventual  loss  amount  (favorably  or 

unfavorably).

The availability of replacement parts, skilled labor, access to the loss site and the speed at which repairs 

can be undertaken may not be known for some time and may be subject to change.

It may be many years before the occurrence of a loss becomes known.

•  Where claims take a long time to settle, new information, changes in circumstances, legal decisions, rates 

of exchange and economic conditions (particularly claims inflation) may affect the value and validity of 

claims made.

When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The case reserve will 

represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at 

that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry reserving practices, the experience 

and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team. If insufficient information is available, the 

claims handler may be unable to establish an estimate and will seek further information that will allow an informed 

estimate to be established. Claims reserves are also established to provide for:

potential changes in the adequacy of case reserves (“Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”); 

losses incurred but not reported to the insurer (“pure IBNR”);

and

the estimated expenses of settling claims, including both:

Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses: claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees); and

Unallocated  Loss Adjustment  Expenses:  other  general  expenses  (such  as  the  costs  of  maintaining  the 

claims handling function).

The timing of our results depends in large part on the extent to which the development and settlement of claims 

and reinsurance recoveries are consistent with the assumptions used to establish reserves. If expectations for and/or 

the actual cost of settlement increase or the timing of reporting and/or settlement changes than we face the risk that the 

reserves in our financial statements may be inadequate and need to be increased. In this event an increase in reserves 

would cause a reduction in our profitability and could result in operating losses and a reduction of capital.

Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability, but rather are estimates of the expected cost of settling claims. 

This  process  relies  on  the  assumption  that  past  experience,  adjusted  for  the  effects  of  current  developments  and 

anticipated  trends,  is  an  appropriate  basis  for  projecting  future  claims  development.  The  estimates  are  based  on 

actuarial and statistical projections of facts and circumstances known at the time of the review, estimates of trends in 
claim frequency, severity and other variable factors, including new bases of liability and general economic conditions. 
These variables can be affected by many factors, including internal and external events, such as changes in claims 
handling procedures, economic inflation, foreign currency movements, legal trends, legislative decisions and changes 
and the recognition of new sources of claims.

Potentially, claims may emerge, particularly claims arising from changes in the legal and regulatory environment, 

the type or magnitude of which we are unable to predict.

Reserves for inward reinsurance may be subject to greater uncertainty than for insurance primarily because, 
as a reinsurer, we rely on (i) the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies and (ii) information and 
data provided by the ceding companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that our ceding companies may not have 
adequately evaluated the risks reinsured by us and the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks 
we assume. In addition, reinsurance reserves may be less reliable than insurance reserves because of the greater scope 
of losses underlying reinsurance claims, limitations in the information provided and the generally longer lapse of time 
from the occurrence of the event to the reporting of the loss to the reinsurer and its settlement.

The estimation of adequate reserves is more difficult and thus more uncertain for claims arising from “long-tail” 
policies, under which claims may not be paid until substantially beyond the end of the policy term. The estimation of 
such liabilities is subject to many complex variables, including the current legal environment, specific settlements that 
may be used as precedents to settle future claims, assumptions regarding trends with respect to claim frequency and 
severity, issues of coverage and the ability to locate defendants. Additional uncertainty also arises from the relative 
lack  of  development  history,  which  limits  the  scope  of  experience  on  which  estimates  are  based. This  is  partially 
mitigated by the use of and monitoring against market benchmarks.

While every effort is made to ensure we are reserved appropriately, changes in trends and other factors underlying 
our reserve estimates could result in our reserves being inadequate. Because setting reserves is inherently uncertain 
we cannot provide assurance that our current reserves will prove adequate considering subsequent events. If our loss 
reserves are determined to be inadequate, we will be required to increase our reserves at the time with a corresponding 
reduction in our net income for that period. Such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on our results and 
our financial condition.

There  is  a  degree  of  uncertainty  and  a  high-risk  environment  for  investment  and  business  activities  in  certain 
countries in which we operate.

Some  of  the  countries  in  which  we  operate  or  may  operate  in  the  future  are  in  various  stages  of  developing 
institutions  and  legal  and  regulatory  systems  that  are  not  yet  as  firmly  established  as  they  are  in Western  Europe 
and the U.S. Some of these countries are also in the process of transitioning to a market economy and, as a result, 
are experiencing changes in their economies and their government policies (including, without limitation, policies 
relating to foreign ownership, repatriation of profits, property and contractual rights and planning and permit-granting 
regimes) that may affect our investments in these countries and may expose us to the impact of political or economic 
upheaval, and we could be subject to unforeseen administrative or fiscal burdens.

The procedural safeguards of the legal and regulatory regimes in these countries are still developing and, therefore, 
existing  laws  and  regulations  may  be  applied  inconsistently.  Often,  fundamental  contract,  property  and  corporate 
laws and regulatory regimes have only recently become effective, which may result in ambiguities, inconsistencies 
and anomalies in their interpretation and enforcement. In addition, legislation may often contemplate implementing 
regulations that have not yet been promulgated, leaving substantial gaps in the regulatory infrastructure. All of these 
weaknesses  could  affect  our  ability  to  enforce  contractual  rights  or  to  defend  ourselves  against  claims  by  others. 
Moreover, in certain circumstances, it may not be possible to obtain the legal remedies provided under current laws and 
regulations in a timely manner, or at all. The independence of the judicial systems and their immunity from economic, 
political and nationalistic influences in many of the countries in which we operate or may operate in the future remain 
largely untested. Instability and uncertainties relating to the legal and regulatory environment in these countries or 
other countries in which we may operate in the future could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial 
condition and results of operations.

17

18

40

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We are subject to various laws, regulations and rules relating to sanctions, the violation of which could adversely 
affect our operations.

We recognize the US, the EU, the UK and the UN sanctions authorities (including, but not limited to the Office of 
Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) and UK’s HM Treasury) as our primary sanction authorities, insofar as the sanctions 
relate to any business being considered by us. Over the past 5 years, we received de minimis revenues relating to risks 
in Sudan, Cuba and Iran. Our business in these countries has been compliant with the applicable sanction programs. 
While we have complied fully with all applicable sanctions laws and regulations and have policies and procedures 
in place designed to ensure that we do not insure any activity that breaches applicable international sanctions, there 
remains  the  risk  of  an  inadvertent  breach  which  may  result  in  lengthy  and  costly  investigations  followed  by  the 
imposition of fines or other penalties, any of which might have a material adverse effect on our financial condition 
and results of operations. Our business has been affected by the imposition of sanctions in regions that previously 
were important markets for us. To the extent that sanctions are imposed on any of our key markets, our business will 
be negatively impacted.

On February 24, 2022 the Russian Federation launched a full-scale military invasion into Ukraine. This has 
led  to  significant  economic  and  humanitarian  consequences  for  both  countries  and,  among  other  things,  has  had 
a significant impact on the availability of energy and on global energy and commodities prices. As a result of the 
invasion, the US, UK and EU imposed wide-ranging sanctions on Russia and individuals and entities based outside 
of  Russia  that  are  connected  to  sanctions  evasion,  including  those  related  to  arms  trafficking  and  illicit  finance. 
Although we seek to ensure that all business with Russian exposure is compliant with the relevant sanction regime 
and our compliance team has managed the Russian exposure of our business and conducted the required asset freeze 
and/or  termination  of  some  of  our  business  as  per  the  applicable  sanctions  regime,  the  long-term  impact  of  the 
invasion and sanctions continues to be unknown as the situation develops and our exposure levels may adversely 
affect our business. We continue to monitor the situation alongside potential exposure to IGI’s balance sheet and the 
imposition of further sanctions.

We are subject to various anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, regulations and rules, the violation of 
which could adversely affect our operations.

Our activities are subject to applicable money laundering regulations and anti-corruption laws in the jurisdictions 
where we operate, including Bermuda, the United States, the UK and the EU, among others. For example, we are subject 
to the Bribery Act 2016 of Bermuda, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and the UK Bribery Act 2010, 
which,  among  other  matters,  generally  prohibit  corrupt  payments  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign  governments  or 
officials. We do business, and may continue to do business in the future, in countries and regions where governmental 
corruption has been known to exist, and where we may face, directly or indirectly, corrupt demands by officials, or the 
risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sponsors or agents. Although 
we have in place systems and controls designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations (including continuing 
education and training programs), there is a risk that those systems and controls will not always be effective to achieve 
full compliance, as those laws and regulations are interpreted by the relevant authorities. Failure to accurately interpret 
or comply with or obtain appropriate authorizations and/or exemptions under such laws or regulations could subject 
us to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, loss of an operating license, 
reputational consequences, and other sanctions, all of which could damage our business or reputation. Such damage 
could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We  rely  on  brokers  to  source  our  business  and  our  business  may  suffer  should  our  relationship  with  brokers 
deteriorate.

We market our insurance and reinsurance worldwide through insurance and reinsurance brokers. Brokers are 
independent  of  the  insurers  they  deal  with.  Our  top  5  international  brokers  produced  61%  of  the  gross  written 
premiums  of  our  underwriting  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  and  63%  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023. Loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by one or more of these brokers 
could have a material adverse effect on our business. Due to the concentration of our brokers, our brokers may have 
increasing power to dictate the terms and conditions of our arrangements with them, which could have a negative 
impact on our business.

Maintaining good relationships with the brokers from whom we source the policies we underwrite is integral 

to  our  positive  financial  performance.  Events  could  occur  which  may  damage  the  relationship  between  us  and  a 

particular broker or broker group, which may result in that broker or broker group being unwilling to do business with 

us. The failure, inability or unwillingness of brokers to do business with us could have a material adverse effect on our 

financial performance.

Some  of  our  competitors  have  higher  financial  strength  ratings,  offer  a  larger  variety  of  products,  set  lower 

prices for insurance coverage, offer higher commissions and/or have had longer term relationships with the brokers 

we use than we do. This may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain brokers to sell our insurance products or 

brokers may increasingly promote products offered by other companies. The failure or inability of brokers to market 

our insurance products successfully, or the loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by these brokers, 

could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be materially adversely affected to the extent that managing general agents, general agents and other 

producers exceed their underwriting authority or if our agents, our insureds or other third parties commit fraud or 

otherwise breach obligations owed to us.

For certain business conducted by us, following our underwriting, financial, claims and information technology 

due diligence reviews, we authorize managing general agents, retail and wholesale brokers and other producers to 

write business on our behalf within underwriting authority prescribed by us. We rely on the underwriting controls 

of these agents to write business within the underwriting authorities provided by us. Although we have contractual 

protections in place in all instances and we monitor such business on an ongoing basis, our monitoring efforts may 

not be adequate or our agents may exceed their underwriting authority, commit fraud, or otherwise breach obligations 

owed  to  us. To  the  extent  that  our  agents,  our  insureds  or  other  third  parties  exceed  their  underwriting  authority, 

commit fraud or otherwise breach obligations owed to us in the future, our financial condition and results of operations 

could be materially adversely affected.

We have a strong delegated authority risk management process established by the IGI UK board of directors 

and directly managed via quarterly meetings of its delegated authority committee which is attended by certain of our 

executive directors. In particular, we carry out detailed due diligence on all new agents with regular reviews upon 

renewal, put in place strong contracts, conduct regular audits and monitor monthly reports from agents. All agents 

are required to carry errors and omissions insurance which would respond in the event that these agents breach their 

delegated authority. However, there can be no assurance that the safeguards we implemented will be sufficient to fully 

protect us from losses resulting from violations of our policies and procedures.

We may be exposed to a series of claims for large losses in relation to uncorrelated events that occur at, or around, 

the same time, which in the aggregate may result in a material adverse effect on our operations.

We may be exposed to a series of claims for large losses in relation to uncorrelated and otherwise unrelated events 

which occur at, or around, the same time. Some of the more significant examples of large, uncorrelated events are 

terrorist attacks, fires, explosions or spills at a refinery, the collapse of a major office building, a series of simultaneous 

cyber-attacks, the collision of two ships, an explosion in a port and the loss of an airplane.

These risks are inherently unpredictable. It is difficult to predict the frequency of events of this nature and to 

estimate the amount of loss that any given occurrence will generate. Some of these large losses may also have the 

potential for exposure across multiple lines of business. While no such claims may be material to us, in the aggregate 

they could require us to recognize significant losses in a single reporting period, which could have a material adverse 

effect on our capital position, results of operations and financial condition in that particular reporting period. It is also 

possible that such losses could exceed the reinstatement capacity of our reinsurance coverage, which would have a 

material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The availability of reinsurance, retrocessional coverage, and capital market transactions to limit our exposure to 

risks may be limited which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

As is common practice within the insurance industry, we transfer a portion of the risks insured under our policies 

to other companies through the purchase of reinsurance. This reinsurance is maintained to protect the insurance and 

reinsurance subsidiaries against the severity of losses on individual claims, an unusual series of which can produce an 

19

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41

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We are subject to various laws, regulations and rules relating to sanctions, the violation of which could adversely 

affect our operations.

We recognize the US, the EU, the UK and the UN sanctions authorities (including, but not limited to the Office of 

Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) and UK’s HM Treasury) as our primary sanction authorities, insofar as the sanctions 

relate to any business being considered by us. Over the past 5 years, we received de minimis revenues relating to risks 

in Sudan, Cuba and Iran. Our business in these countries has been compliant with the applicable sanction programs. 

While we have complied fully with all applicable sanctions laws and regulations and have policies and procedures 

in place designed to ensure that we do not insure any activity that breaches applicable international sanctions, there 

remains  the  risk  of  an  inadvertent  breach  which  may  result  in  lengthy  and  costly  investigations  followed  by  the 

imposition of fines or other penalties, any of which might have a material adverse effect on our financial condition 

and results of operations. Our business has been affected by the imposition of sanctions in regions that previously 

were important markets for us. To the extent that sanctions are imposed on any of our key markets, our business will 

be negatively impacted.

On February 24, 2022 the Russian Federation launched a full-scale military invasion into Ukraine. This has 

led  to  significant  economic  and  humanitarian  consequences  for  both  countries  and,  among  other  things,  has  had 

a significant impact on the availability of energy and on global energy and commodities prices. As a result of the 

invasion, the US, UK and EU imposed wide-ranging sanctions on Russia and individuals and entities based outside 

of  Russia  that  are  connected  to  sanctions  evasion,  including  those  related  to  arms  trafficking  and  illicit  finance. 

Although we seek to ensure that all business with Russian exposure is compliant with the relevant sanction regime 

and our compliance team has managed the Russian exposure of our business and conducted the required asset freeze 

and/or  termination  of  some  of  our  business  as  per  the  applicable  sanctions  regime,  the  long-term  impact  of  the 

invasion and sanctions continues to be unknown as the situation develops and our exposure levels may adversely 

affect our business. We continue to monitor the situation alongside potential exposure to IGI’s balance sheet and the 

imposition of further sanctions.

We are subject to various anti-corruption and anti-money laundering laws, regulations and rules, the violation of 

which could adversely affect our operations.

Our activities are subject to applicable money laundering regulations and anti-corruption laws in the jurisdictions 

where we operate, including Bermuda, the United States, the UK and the EU, among others. For example, we are subject 

to the Bribery Act 2016 of Bermuda, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and the UK Bribery Act 2010, 

which,  among  other  matters,  generally  prohibit  corrupt  payments  or  unreasonable  gifts  to  foreign  governments  or 

officials. We do business, and may continue to do business in the future, in countries and regions where governmental 

corruption has been known to exist, and where we may face, directly or indirectly, corrupt demands by officials, or the 

risk of unauthorized payments or offers of payments by one of our employees, consultants, sponsors or agents. Although 

we have in place systems and controls designed to comply with applicable laws and regulations (including continuing 

education and training programs), there is a risk that those systems and controls will not always be effective to achieve 

full compliance, as those laws and regulations are interpreted by the relevant authorities. Failure to accurately interpret 

or comply with or obtain appropriate authorizations and/or exemptions under such laws or regulations could subject 

us to investigations, criminal sanctions or civil remedies, including fines, injunctions, loss of an operating license, 

reputational consequences, and other sanctions, all of which could damage our business or reputation. Such damage 

could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We  rely  on  brokers  to  source  our  business  and  our  business  may  suffer  should  our  relationship  with  brokers 

deteriorate.

We market our insurance and reinsurance worldwide through insurance and reinsurance brokers. Brokers are 

independent  of  the  insurers  they  deal  with.  Our  top  5  international  brokers  produced  61%  of  the  gross  written 

premiums  of  our  underwriting  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2022  and  63%  for  the  year  ended 

December 31, 2023. Loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by one or more of these brokers 

could have a material adverse effect on our business. Due to the concentration of our brokers, our brokers may have 

increasing power to dictate the terms and conditions of our arrangements with them, which could have a negative 

impact on our business.

Maintaining good relationships with the brokers from whom we source the policies we underwrite is integral 
to  our  positive  financial  performance.  Events  could  occur  which  may  damage  the  relationship  between  us  and  a 
particular broker or broker group, which may result in that broker or broker group being unwilling to do business with 
us. The failure, inability or unwillingness of brokers to do business with us could have a material adverse effect on our 
financial performance.

Some  of  our  competitors  have  higher  financial  strength  ratings,  offer  a  larger  variety  of  products,  set  lower 
prices for insurance coverage, offer higher commissions and/or have had longer term relationships with the brokers 
we use than we do. This may adversely impact our ability to attract and retain brokers to sell our insurance products or 
brokers may increasingly promote products offered by other companies. The failure or inability of brokers to market 
our insurance products successfully, or the loss of all or a substantial portion of the business provided by these brokers, 
could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We could be materially adversely affected to the extent that managing general agents, general agents and other 
producers exceed their underwriting authority or if our agents, our insureds or other third parties commit fraud or 
otherwise breach obligations owed to us.

For certain business conducted by us, following our underwriting, financial, claims and information technology 
due diligence reviews, we authorize managing general agents, retail and wholesale brokers and other producers to 
write business on our behalf within underwriting authority prescribed by us. We rely on the underwriting controls 
of these agents to write business within the underwriting authorities provided by us. Although we have contractual 
protections in place in all instances and we monitor such business on an ongoing basis, our monitoring efforts may 
not be adequate or our agents may exceed their underwriting authority, commit fraud, or otherwise breach obligations 
owed  to  us. To  the  extent  that  our  agents,  our  insureds  or  other  third  parties  exceed  their  underwriting  authority, 
commit fraud or otherwise breach obligations owed to us in the future, our financial condition and results of operations 
could be materially adversely affected.

We have a strong delegated authority risk management process established by the IGI UK board of directors 
and directly managed via quarterly meetings of its delegated authority committee which is attended by certain of our 
executive directors. In particular, we carry out detailed due diligence on all new agents with regular reviews upon 
renewal, put in place strong contracts, conduct regular audits and monitor monthly reports from agents. All agents 
are required to carry errors and omissions insurance which would respond in the event that these agents breach their 
delegated authority. However, there can be no assurance that the safeguards we implemented will be sufficient to fully 
protect us from losses resulting from violations of our policies and procedures.

We may be exposed to a series of claims for large losses in relation to uncorrelated events that occur at, or around, 
the same time, which in the aggregate may result in a material adverse effect on our operations.

We may be exposed to a series of claims for large losses in relation to uncorrelated and otherwise unrelated events 
which occur at, or around, the same time. Some of the more significant examples of large, uncorrelated events are 
terrorist attacks, fires, explosions or spills at a refinery, the collapse of a major office building, a series of simultaneous 
cyber-attacks, the collision of two ships, an explosion in a port and the loss of an airplane.

These risks are inherently unpredictable. It is difficult to predict the frequency of events of this nature and to 
estimate the amount of loss that any given occurrence will generate. Some of these large losses may also have the 
potential for exposure across multiple lines of business. While no such claims may be material to us, in the aggregate 
they could require us to recognize significant losses in a single reporting period, which could have a material adverse 
effect on our capital position, results of operations and financial condition in that particular reporting period. It is also 
possible that such losses could exceed the reinstatement capacity of our reinsurance coverage, which would have a 
material adverse effect on our results of operations.

The availability of reinsurance, retrocessional coverage, and capital market transactions to limit our exposure to 
risks may be limited which could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

As is common practice within the insurance industry, we transfer a portion of the risks insured under our policies 
to other companies through the purchase of reinsurance. This reinsurance is maintained to protect the insurance and 
reinsurance subsidiaries against the severity of losses on individual claims, an unusual series of which can produce an 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          aggregate extraordinary loss. Although reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from their primary obligation 
to pay for losses insured under the policies they issue, reinsurance does make the assuming reinsurer liable to the 
insurance subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk.

Our  reinsurance  program  uses  various  methods,  such  as  proportional,  non-proportional  and  facultative 
reinsurance, to mitigate risks across our underwriting portfolio, in return for which we cede to third-party reinsurers 
a certain percentage of our GWP in any given year. That percentage was 33% for the year ended December 31, 2022 
and 28% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The program is finite and absolute in the protection offered, meaning 
that events outside of its scope would not be covered, and does not offer unlimited protection against highly extreme 
but improbable events.

Our reinsurance programs are usually purchased annually, with different programs expiring throughout the year. 
The amount of coverage purchased is determined by our risk appetite and underlying exposure base together with 
the price, quality and availability of such coverage. Coverage purchased for one year will not necessarily conform to 
purchases for another year, which may result in variation as to the extent of the coverage year-on-year, even though 
some policies we issue are multi-year policies. In addition, reinsurance cessation and commencement terms, timing and 
cost could leave us with an exposure where intended reinsurance protection is either omitted or only partially effective. 
One or more of our reinsurers could become insolvent, which could cause a portion of our reinsurance protection to 
become ineffective. In addition, reinsurers may not always honor their commitments or we may have disagreements 
with reinsurers with respect to the extent of their obligations, which could result in our having greater exposure than 
anticipated. A failure by reinsurers to cover their portion of our liabilities, and/or disputes with reinsurers over the 
extent or applicability of their obligations to us, could depending on the amounts involved have a material adverse 
effect on our results of operations and business.

The availability and cost of reinsurance protection is subject to market conditions, which are beyond our control. 
Economic conditions could have a material impact on our ability to manage our risk aggregations through reinsurance 
or  capital  markets  transactions.  As  a  result  of  such  market  conditions  and  other  factors,  we  may  not  be  able  to 
successfully mitigate risk through reinsurance and retrocessional arrangements. There is no guarantee that our desired 
amounts of reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance will be available in the marketplace in the future. In addition to 
capacity risk, the remaining capacity may not be on terms we deem appropriate or acceptable or with companies with 
whom we want to do business.

If the reinsurance industry were to suffer future substantial losses, the effect could be to limit the availability of 
appropriate or acceptable reinsurance coverage for us, which in the event of losses in our risk portfolio could have a 
material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be faced with a liquidity shortfall following a large loss or a series of large losses due to the settlement of 
claims prior to the receipt of monies due under outwards reinsurance arrangements.

As with all insurance companies, we use our liquidity to fund our insurance and reinsurance obligations, which 
may include large and unpredictable claims (including catastrophe claims). While we seek to manage carefully our 
exposure to catastrophe risk and while we have a liquidity policy which seeks to ensure sufficient liquidity to withstand 
claim scenarios at the extreme end of the business plan projections by reference to actual losses in relation to catastrophe 
events may differ materially from the losses that we estimate, given the significant uncertainties with respect to the 
estimates and the unpredictable nature of catastrophes. In such scenarios, we may be faced with a shortfall where 
we are required to settle claims arising under insurance contracts or where we are required to increase the amount of 
resources required to be held. In such scenarios, we may be required to (a) liquidate investments (including some of 
our less liquid investments), which may be constrained as a consequence of macroeconomic conditions beyond our 
control or (b) delay or vary the implementation of our strategic plans so as to maintain appropriate liquidity. Any of the 
foregoing may affect the amount of business that we can write, as well as our revenue and profitability.

If our risk management and loss mitigation methods fail to adequately manage our exposure to losses, the losses we 
incur could be materially higher than our expectations and our financial condition and results of operations could 
be materially adversely affected.

We historically have sought and will continue to seek to manage our exposure to insurance and reinsurance losses 
through a number of loss limitation methods, including internal risk management procedures, writing a number of our 
inwards reinsurance contracts on an excess of loss basis, enforcement and oversight of our underwriting processes, 

outwards reinsurance protection, adhering to maximum limitations on policies whether written on a proportional, first 

loss, Excess of Loss (XOL) or Possible Maximum Loss (PML) Maximum Foreseeable Loss (MFL) basis, written in 

defined geographical zones, limiting program size for each client, establishing per risk and per occurrence limitations 

for  each  event,  employing  coverage  restrictions  and  following  prudent  underwriting  guidelines  for  each  program 

written.

We also seek to limit our loss exposure through geographic diversification. Geographic zone limitations involve 

significant  underwriting  judgments,  including  the  determination  of  the  area  of  the  zones  and  the  inclusion  of  a 

particular policy within a particular zone’s limits. In addition, various provisions contained in our insurance policies 

and reinsurance contracts, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage or choice of forum clauses negotiated to 

limit our risks, may not be enforceable in the manner we intend, as it is possible that a court or regulatory authority 

could nullify or void an exclusion or limitation, or legislation could be enacted modifying or barring the use of these 

exclusions and limitations. We cannot be sure that these loss limitation methods will effectively prevent a material loss 

exposure which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Underwriting is a matter of judgment, involving assumptions about matters that are inherently unpredictable 

and  beyond  our  control,  and  for  which  historical  experience  and  probability  analysis  may  not  provide  sufficient 

guidance. We have made significant investments through vendor models to develop analytic and modeling capabilities 

to facilitate our underwriting, risk management, capital modeling and allocation, and risk assessments relating to the 

risks we assume. These models and other tools help us to manage our risks, understand our capital utilization and risk 

aggregation, inform management and other stakeholders of capital requirements and seek to improve the risk/return 

profile or optimize the efficiency of the amount of capital we apply to cover the risks in the individual contracts we sell 

and in our portfolio as a whole. However, given the inherent uncertainty of modeling techniques and the application 

of  such  techniques,  the  possibility  of  human  or  systems  error,  the  challenges  inherent  in  consistent  application  of 

complex methodologies in a fluid business environment and other factors, our models, tools and databases may not 

accurately address the risks we currently cover or the emergence of new matters which might be deemed to impact 

certain of our coverages.

Many  of  our  methods  of  managing  risk  and  exposures  are  based  upon  observed  historical  market  behavior 

and statistic-based historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future exposures, which could be 

significantly  greater  than  historical  measures  indicate. These  uncertainties  can  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the 

following:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

characteristic;

conditions; and

event.

The models do not address all the possible hazard characteristics of a catastrophe peril (e.g., the precise 

path and wind speed of a hurricane);

The models may not accurately reflect the true frequency of events;

The models may not accurately reflect a risk’s vulnerability or susceptibility to damage for a given event 

The models may not accurately represent loss potential to reinsurance contract coverage limits, terms and 

The models may not accurately reflect the impact on the economy of the area affected or the financial, 

judicial, political, or regulatory impact on insurance claim payments during or following a catastrophe 

Accordingly, our models may understate the exposures we are assuming. Conversely, our models may prove too 

conservative and contribute to factors which may impede our ability to grow in respect of new markets or perils or 

in connection with our current portfolio of coverages or the loss environment otherwise may prove more benign than 

our capital loading for catastrophes or other modeled losses. In such case of excess capital, we may make a judgment 

about redeploying the capital in lines of businesses or pursuing other capital management activities, such as dividends 

or share repurchases, which judgment may also depend on modeling techniques and results. If capital models prove 

inadequate, our result of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted.

Other risk management methods depend on the evaluation of information regarding markets, policyholders or 

other matters that are publicly available or otherwise accessible to us. This information may not always be accurate, 

complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. For example, much of the information that we enter into our risk modelling 

21

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43

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023aggregate extraordinary loss. Although reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from their primary obligation 

to pay for losses insured under the policies they issue, reinsurance does make the assuming reinsurer liable to the 

insurance subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk.

Our  reinsurance  program  uses  various  methods,  such  as  proportional,  non-proportional  and  facultative 

reinsurance, to mitigate risks across our underwriting portfolio, in return for which we cede to third-party reinsurers 

a certain percentage of our GWP in any given year. That percentage was 33% for the year ended December 31, 2022 

and 28% for the year ended December 31, 2023. The program is finite and absolute in the protection offered, meaning 

that events outside of its scope would not be covered, and does not offer unlimited protection against highly extreme 

but improbable events.

Our reinsurance programs are usually purchased annually, with different programs expiring throughout the year. 

The amount of coverage purchased is determined by our risk appetite and underlying exposure base together with 

the price, quality and availability of such coverage. Coverage purchased for one year will not necessarily conform to 

purchases for another year, which may result in variation as to the extent of the coverage year-on-year, even though 

some policies we issue are multi-year policies. In addition, reinsurance cessation and commencement terms, timing and 

cost could leave us with an exposure where intended reinsurance protection is either omitted or only partially effective. 

One or more of our reinsurers could become insolvent, which could cause a portion of our reinsurance protection to 

become ineffective. In addition, reinsurers may not always honor their commitments or we may have disagreements 

with reinsurers with respect to the extent of their obligations, which could result in our having greater exposure than 

anticipated. A failure by reinsurers to cover their portion of our liabilities, and/or disputes with reinsurers over the 

extent or applicability of their obligations to us, could depending on the amounts involved have a material adverse 

effect on our results of operations and business.

The availability and cost of reinsurance protection is subject to market conditions, which are beyond our control. 

Economic conditions could have a material impact on our ability to manage our risk aggregations through reinsurance 

or  capital  markets  transactions.  As  a  result  of  such  market  conditions  and  other  factors,  we  may  not  be  able  to 

successfully mitigate risk through reinsurance and retrocessional arrangements. There is no guarantee that our desired 

amounts of reinsurance or retrocessional reinsurance will be available in the marketplace in the future. In addition to 

capacity risk, the remaining capacity may not be on terms we deem appropriate or acceptable or with companies with 

whom we want to do business.

If the reinsurance industry were to suffer future substantial losses, the effect could be to limit the availability of 

appropriate or acceptable reinsurance coverage for us, which in the event of losses in our risk portfolio could have a 

material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We may be faced with a liquidity shortfall following a large loss or a series of large losses due to the settlement of 

claims prior to the receipt of monies due under outwards reinsurance arrangements.

As with all insurance companies, we use our liquidity to fund our insurance and reinsurance obligations, which 

may include large and unpredictable claims (including catastrophe claims). While we seek to manage carefully our 

exposure to catastrophe risk and while we have a liquidity policy which seeks to ensure sufficient liquidity to withstand 

claim scenarios at the extreme end of the business plan projections by reference to actual losses in relation to catastrophe 

events may differ materially from the losses that we estimate, given the significant uncertainties with respect to the 

estimates and the unpredictable nature of catastrophes. In such scenarios, we may be faced with a shortfall where 

we are required to settle claims arising under insurance contracts or where we are required to increase the amount of 

resources required to be held. In such scenarios, we may be required to (a) liquidate investments (including some of 

our less liquid investments), which may be constrained as a consequence of macroeconomic conditions beyond our 

control or (b) delay or vary the implementation of our strategic plans so as to maintain appropriate liquidity. Any of the 

foregoing may affect the amount of business that we can write, as well as our revenue and profitability.

If our risk management and loss mitigation methods fail to adequately manage our exposure to losses, the losses we 

incur could be materially higher than our expectations and our financial condition and results of operations could 

be materially adversely affected.

We historically have sought and will continue to seek to manage our exposure to insurance and reinsurance losses 

through a number of loss limitation methods, including internal risk management procedures, writing a number of our 

inwards reinsurance contracts on an excess of loss basis, enforcement and oversight of our underwriting processes, 

outwards reinsurance protection, adhering to maximum limitations on policies whether written on a proportional, first 
loss, Excess of Loss (XOL) or Possible Maximum Loss (PML) Maximum Foreseeable Loss (MFL) basis, written in 
defined geographical zones, limiting program size for each client, establishing per risk and per occurrence limitations 
for  each  event,  employing  coverage  restrictions  and  following  prudent  underwriting  guidelines  for  each  program 
written.

We also seek to limit our loss exposure through geographic diversification. Geographic zone limitations involve 
significant  underwriting  judgments,  including  the  determination  of  the  area  of  the  zones  and  the  inclusion  of  a 
particular policy within a particular zone’s limits. In addition, various provisions contained in our insurance policies 
and reinsurance contracts, such as limitations or exclusions from coverage or choice of forum clauses negotiated to 
limit our risks, may not be enforceable in the manner we intend, as it is possible that a court or regulatory authority 
could nullify or void an exclusion or limitation, or legislation could be enacted modifying or barring the use of these 
exclusions and limitations. We cannot be sure that these loss limitation methods will effectively prevent a material loss 
exposure which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition.

Underwriting is a matter of judgment, involving assumptions about matters that are inherently unpredictable 
and  beyond  our  control,  and  for  which  historical  experience  and  probability  analysis  may  not  provide  sufficient 
guidance. We have made significant investments through vendor models to develop analytic and modeling capabilities 
to facilitate our underwriting, risk management, capital modeling and allocation, and risk assessments relating to the 
risks we assume. These models and other tools help us to manage our risks, understand our capital utilization and risk 
aggregation, inform management and other stakeholders of capital requirements and seek to improve the risk/return 
profile or optimize the efficiency of the amount of capital we apply to cover the risks in the individual contracts we sell 
and in our portfolio as a whole. However, given the inherent uncertainty of modeling techniques and the application 
of  such  techniques,  the  possibility  of  human  or  systems  error,  the  challenges  inherent  in  consistent  application  of 
complex methodologies in a fluid business environment and other factors, our models, tools and databases may not 
accurately address the risks we currently cover or the emergence of new matters which might be deemed to impact 
certain of our coverages.

Many  of  our  methods  of  managing  risk  and  exposures  are  based  upon  observed  historical  market  behavior 
and statistic-based historical models. As a result, these methods may not predict future exposures, which could be 
significantly  greater  than  historical  measures  indicate. These  uncertainties  can  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the 
following:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

The models do not address all the possible hazard characteristics of a catastrophe peril (e.g., the precise 
path and wind speed of a hurricane);

The models may not accurately reflect the true frequency of events;

The models may not accurately reflect a risk’s vulnerability or susceptibility to damage for a given event 
characteristic;

The models may not accurately represent loss potential to reinsurance contract coverage limits, terms and 
conditions; and

The models may not accurately reflect the impact on the economy of the area affected or the financial, 
judicial, political, or regulatory impact on insurance claim payments during or following a catastrophe 
event.

Accordingly, our models may understate the exposures we are assuming. Conversely, our models may prove too 
conservative and contribute to factors which may impede our ability to grow in respect of new markets or perils or 
in connection with our current portfolio of coverages or the loss environment otherwise may prove more benign than 
our capital loading for catastrophes or other modeled losses. In such case of excess capital, we may make a judgment 
about redeploying the capital in lines of businesses or pursuing other capital management activities, such as dividends 
or share repurchases, which judgment may also depend on modeling techniques and results. If capital models prove 
inadequate, our result of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely impacted.

Other risk management methods depend on the evaluation of information regarding markets, policyholders or 
other matters that are publicly available or otherwise accessible to us. This information may not always be accurate, 
complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. For example, much of the information that we enter into our risk modelling 

21

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44

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          software is based on third-party data that we do not control, and estimates and assumptions that are dependent on many 
variables, such as assumptions about loss adjustment expenses, insurance-to-value and post-event loss amplification 
(the temporary local inflation of costs for building materials and labor resulting from increased demand for rebuilding 
services in the aftermath of a catastrophe).

Accordingly, if the estimates and assumptions that we enter into our risk models are incorrect, or if such models 
prove to be an inaccurate forecasting tool, the losses we might incur from an actual catastrophe could be materially 
higher than our expectation of losses generated from modelled catastrophe scenarios, and our financial condition and 
results of operations could be adversely affected.

We also seek to manage our loss exposure through loss limitation provisions in the policies we issue to customers, 
such as limitations on the amount of losses that can be claimed under a policy, limitations or exclusions from coverage 
and provisions relating to choice of forum. These contractual provisions may not be enforceable in the manner that 
we expect or disputes relating to coverage may not be resolved in our favor. If the loss limitation provisions in our 
policies are not enforceable or disputes arise concerning the application of such provisions, the losses we might incur 
from a catastrophic event could be materially higher than our expectations and our financial condition and results of 
operations could be adversely affected.

In relation to catastrophe risk, we monitor and control the accumulation of risk for a large number of realistic 
disaster scenario events. There are specific scenarios for natural, man-made and economic disasters, and for different 
business lines. The assumptions made in such scenarios may not be an accurate guide to actual losses that ultimately 
are incurred in respect of a particular catastrophe.

No assurances can be made that these loss limitation methods will be effective and mitigate our loss exposure. 
One or more catastrophic events, other loss events, or severe economic events could result in claims that substantially 
exceed our expectations, or the protections set forth in our policies could be voided, which, in either case, could have 
a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations,  possibly  to  the  extent  of  reducing  or 
eliminating shareholders’ equity.

A significant amount of our assets are invested in fixed maturity securities and are subject to market fluctuations.

Our investment portfolio includes a substantial amount of fixed maturity securities. As of December 31, 2023, 
our investment in fixed maturity securities was approximately $767.6 million, or 68% of our total investment and cash 
portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents. As of that date, our portfolio of fixed maturity securities consisted of 
corporate securities (98.4%) and government securities (1.6%).

The  fair  value  of  these  assets  and  the  investment  income  from  these  assets  fluctuate  depending  on  general 
economic and market conditions. The fair value of fixed maturity securities generally decreases as interest rates rise. 
If significant further inflation or further increases in interest rates were to occur, the fair value of our fixed maturity 
securities would be negatively impacted. Conversely, if interest rates decline, investment income earned from future 
investments in fixed maturity securities will be lower. Some fixed maturity securities, such as mortgage-backed and 
other asset-backed securities, also carry prepayment risk as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Additionally, in a low 
interest rate environment, we may not be able to successfully reinvest the proceeds from maturing securities at yields 
commensurate with our target performance goals.

The value of investments in fixed maturity securities is subject to impairment as a result of deterioration in the 
credit worthiness of the issuer, default by the issuer (including states and municipalities) in the performance of its 
obligations in respect of the securities and/or increases in market interest rates. To a large degree, the credit risk we 
face is a function of the economy; accordingly, we face a greater risk in an economic downturn or recession. During 
periods of market disruption, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities, particularly if trading becomes less 
frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were acquired in active 
markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the current financial environment. In such cases, 
more securities may require additional subjectivity and management judgment.

Although  we  attempt  to  manage  these  risks  through  the  use  of  investment  guidelines  and  other  oversight 
mechanisms  and  by  diversifying  our  portfolio  and  emphasizing  preservation  of  principal,  our  efforts  may  not  be 
successful.  Impairments,  defaults  and/or  rate  increases  could  reduce  our  net  investment  income  and  net  realized 
investment gains or result in investment losses. Investment returns are currently, and will likely continue to remain, 

under pressure due to continued inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve, economic uncertainty, more generally, and 

the shape of the yield curve. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above could materially and adversely affect 

our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Losses on our investments may reduce our overall capital and profitability.

Our invested assets include a substantial amount of interest rate and credit sensitive instruments such as corporate 

debt securities. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect our future returns on such investments, as well as the market 

values of, and corresponding levels of capital gains or losses on, such investments. Interest rates are highly sensitive to 

many factors, including governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions 

and other factors beyond our control. A decline in interest rates improves the market value of existing instruments but 

reduces returns available on new investments, thereby negatively impacting our future investment returns. Conversely, 

rising interest rates reduce the market value of existing investments but should positively impact our future investment 

returns. During periods of declining market interest rates, we could be forced to reinvest the cash we receive as interest 

or return of principal on our investments in lower-yielding instruments. Issuers of fixed income securities could also 

decide to redeem such securities early in order to borrow at lower market rates, which would increase the percentage 

of our investment portfolio that we would have to reinvest in lower-yielding investments of comparable credit quality 

or in lower credit quality investments offering similar yields. Given current high interest rate levels, in the future we 

are likely to be subject to the effects of potentially lower rates. Although we attempt to manage the risks of investing 

in a changing interest rate environment, we might not be able to mitigate interest rate sensitivity completely, and a 

significant or prolonged increase or decrease in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of 

operations or financial condition.

We are exposed to counterparty risk in relation to our investments, including holdings of debt instruments to 

which we are a party. In particular, our business could suffer significant losses due to defaults on corporate bonds and 

ratings downgrades.

Furthermore, as a result of holding debt securities, we are exposed to changes in credit spreads. Widening credit 

spreads could result in a reduction in the value of fixed income securities that we hold but increase investment income 

related to purchases of new fixed income securities, whereas tightening of credit spreads will generally increase the 

value  of  fixed  income  securities  at  higher  yields  that  we  hold  but  decrease  investment  income  generated  through 

purchases of any new fixed income securities.

We also hold equity securities. Equity investments are subject to volatility in prices based on market movements, 

which can impact the gains that can be achieved. We periodically adjust the accounting book values of our investment 

portfolio (“mark-to-market”) which could result in increased volatility and uncertainty surrounding reported profits 

and net asset values at any point in time.

We also invest to a limited extent in real estate in Jordan and Lebanon. Real estate is subject to price volatility 

as a result of interest rate movements and general market conditions, which can impact the value of the real estate 

portfolio and the rent chargeable to tenants.

Moreover, a major loss, series of losses or reduction in premium income could result in a sustained cash outflow 

requiring early realization, which may involve selling a portion of our investments into a depressed market, which 

could decrease our returns from investments and strain our capital position.

Furthermore, challenging market conditions are likely to make our assets less liquid, particularly affecting those 

assets which are by their nature already inherently less liquid. If, in such conditions, we require significant amounts 

of cash on short notice in excess of normal cash requirements (for example, to meet higher-than-anticipated claims) 

or are required to post or return collateral in connection with certain of our reinsurance contracts, credit agreements 

or invested portfolio, we may have difficulty selling any of our less liquid investments in a timely manner, or may be 

forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize if sold in other circumstances.

Market volatility, changes in interest rates, changes in credit spreads and defaults, a lack of pricing transparency, 

market illiquidity, declines in equity prices, and foreign currency movements, alone or in combination, could have a 

material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition through realized losses, impairments or 

changes in unrealized positions. Although we attempt to protect our investment portfolio against the foregoing risks, 

23

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023software is based on third-party data that we do not control, and estimates and assumptions that are dependent on many 

variables, such as assumptions about loss adjustment expenses, insurance-to-value and post-event loss amplification 

(the temporary local inflation of costs for building materials and labor resulting from increased demand for rebuilding 

services in the aftermath of a catastrophe).

Accordingly, if the estimates and assumptions that we enter into our risk models are incorrect, or if such models 

prove to be an inaccurate forecasting tool, the losses we might incur from an actual catastrophe could be materially 

higher than our expectation of losses generated from modelled catastrophe scenarios, and our financial condition and 

results of operations could be adversely affected.

We also seek to manage our loss exposure through loss limitation provisions in the policies we issue to customers, 

such as limitations on the amount of losses that can be claimed under a policy, limitations or exclusions from coverage 

and provisions relating to choice of forum. These contractual provisions may not be enforceable in the manner that 

we expect or disputes relating to coverage may not be resolved in our favor. If the loss limitation provisions in our 

policies are not enforceable or disputes arise concerning the application of such provisions, the losses we might incur 

from a catastrophic event could be materially higher than our expectations and our financial condition and results of 

operations could be adversely affected.

In relation to catastrophe risk, we monitor and control the accumulation of risk for a large number of realistic 

disaster scenario events. There are specific scenarios for natural, man-made and economic disasters, and for different 

business lines. The assumptions made in such scenarios may not be an accurate guide to actual losses that ultimately 

are incurred in respect of a particular catastrophe.

No assurances can be made that these loss limitation methods will be effective and mitigate our loss exposure. 

One or more catastrophic events, other loss events, or severe economic events could result in claims that substantially 

exceed our expectations, or the protections set forth in our policies could be voided, which, in either case, could have 

a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  financial  condition  or  results  of  operations,  possibly  to  the  extent  of  reducing  or 

eliminating shareholders’ equity.

A significant amount of our assets are invested in fixed maturity securities and are subject to market fluctuations.

Our investment portfolio includes a substantial amount of fixed maturity securities. As of December 31, 2023, 

our investment in fixed maturity securities was approximately $767.6 million, or 68% of our total investment and cash 

portfolio, including cash and cash equivalents. As of that date, our portfolio of fixed maturity securities consisted of 

corporate securities (98.4%) and government securities (1.6%).

The  fair  value  of  these  assets  and  the  investment  income  from  these  assets  fluctuate  depending  on  general 

economic and market conditions. The fair value of fixed maturity securities generally decreases as interest rates rise. 

If significant further inflation or further increases in interest rates were to occur, the fair value of our fixed maturity 

securities would be negatively impacted. Conversely, if interest rates decline, investment income earned from future 

investments in fixed maturity securities will be lower. Some fixed maturity securities, such as mortgage-backed and 

other asset-backed securities, also carry prepayment risk as a result of interest rate fluctuations. Additionally, in a low 

interest rate environment, we may not be able to successfully reinvest the proceeds from maturing securities at yields 

commensurate with our target performance goals.

The value of investments in fixed maturity securities is subject to impairment as a result of deterioration in the 

credit worthiness of the issuer, default by the issuer (including states and municipalities) in the performance of its 

obligations in respect of the securities and/or increases in market interest rates. To a large degree, the credit risk we 

face is a function of the economy; accordingly, we face a greater risk in an economic downturn or recession. During 

periods of market disruption, it may be difficult to value certain of our securities, particularly if trading becomes less 

frequent and/or market data becomes less observable. There may be certain asset classes that were acquired in active 

markets with significant observable data that become illiquid due to the current financial environment. In such cases, 

more securities may require additional subjectivity and management judgment.

Although  we  attempt  to  manage  these  risks  through  the  use  of  investment  guidelines  and  other  oversight 

mechanisms  and  by  diversifying  our  portfolio  and  emphasizing  preservation  of  principal,  our  efforts  may  not  be 

successful.  Impairments,  defaults  and/or  rate  increases  could  reduce  our  net  investment  income  and  net  realized 

investment gains or result in investment losses. Investment returns are currently, and will likely continue to remain, 

under pressure due to continued inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve, economic uncertainty, more generally, and 
the shape of the yield curve. As a result, our exposure to the risks described above could materially and adversely affect 
our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition.

Losses on our investments may reduce our overall capital and profitability.

Our invested assets include a substantial amount of interest rate and credit sensitive instruments such as corporate 
debt securities. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect our future returns on such investments, as well as the market 
values of, and corresponding levels of capital gains or losses on, such investments. Interest rates are highly sensitive to 
many factors, including governmental monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions 
and other factors beyond our control. A decline in interest rates improves the market value of existing instruments but 
reduces returns available on new investments, thereby negatively impacting our future investment returns. Conversely, 
rising interest rates reduce the market value of existing investments but should positively impact our future investment 
returns. During periods of declining market interest rates, we could be forced to reinvest the cash we receive as interest 
or return of principal on our investments in lower-yielding instruments. Issuers of fixed income securities could also 
decide to redeem such securities early in order to borrow at lower market rates, which would increase the percentage 
of our investment portfolio that we would have to reinvest in lower-yielding investments of comparable credit quality 
or in lower credit quality investments offering similar yields. Given current high interest rate levels, in the future we 
are likely to be subject to the effects of potentially lower rates. Although we attempt to manage the risks of investing 
in a changing interest rate environment, we might not be able to mitigate interest rate sensitivity completely, and a 
significant or prolonged increase or decrease in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations or financial condition.

We are exposed to counterparty risk in relation to our investments, including holdings of debt instruments to 
which we are a party. In particular, our business could suffer significant losses due to defaults on corporate bonds and 
ratings downgrades.

Furthermore, as a result of holding debt securities, we are exposed to changes in credit spreads. Widening credit 
spreads could result in a reduction in the value of fixed income securities that we hold but increase investment income 
related to purchases of new fixed income securities, whereas tightening of credit spreads will generally increase the 
value  of  fixed  income  securities  at  higher  yields  that  we  hold  but  decrease  investment  income  generated  through 
purchases of any new fixed income securities.

We also hold equity securities. Equity investments are subject to volatility in prices based on market movements, 
which can impact the gains that can be achieved. We periodically adjust the accounting book values of our investment 
portfolio (“mark-to-market”) which could result in increased volatility and uncertainty surrounding reported profits 
and net asset values at any point in time.

We also invest to a limited extent in real estate in Jordan and Lebanon. Real estate is subject to price volatility 
as a result of interest rate movements and general market conditions, which can impact the value of the real estate 
portfolio and the rent chargeable to tenants.

Moreover, a major loss, series of losses or reduction in premium income could result in a sustained cash outflow 
requiring early realization, which may involve selling a portion of our investments into a depressed market, which 
could decrease our returns from investments and strain our capital position.

Furthermore, challenging market conditions are likely to make our assets less liquid, particularly affecting those 
assets which are by their nature already inherently less liquid. If, in such conditions, we require significant amounts 
of cash on short notice in excess of normal cash requirements (for example, to meet higher-than-anticipated claims) 
or are required to post or return collateral in connection with certain of our reinsurance contracts, credit agreements 
or invested portfolio, we may have difficulty selling any of our less liquid investments in a timely manner, or may be 
forced to sell them for less than we otherwise would have been able to realize if sold in other circumstances.

Market volatility, changes in interest rates, changes in credit spreads and defaults, a lack of pricing transparency, 
market illiquidity, declines in equity prices, and foreign currency movements, alone or in combination, could have a 
material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition through realized losses, impairments or 
changes in unrealized positions. Although we attempt to protect our investment portfolio against the foregoing risks, 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          we cannot ensure that such measures will be effective. In addition, a decrease in the value of our investments may 
result in a reduction in overall capital, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our 
financial condition.

Our results of operations, liabilities and investment portfolio may be materially affected by conditions affecting the 
level of interest rates in the global capital markets and major economies, such as central bank policies on interest 
rates and the rate of inflation.

As  a  global  insurance  and  reinsurance  company,  we  are  affected  by  the  monetary  policies  of  the  Bank  of 
England,  the  European  Central  Bank,  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  U.S.  Federal  System  and  other  central  banks 
around the world. Since the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, these central banks have taken a number of actions to 
spur economic activity, such as keeping target interest rates low and supporting the prices of financial assets through 
“quantitative easing”. Unconventional monetary policy from the major central banks, and reversal of such policies, 
and moderate global economic growth remain key uncertainties for markets and our business.

Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to the market price and yield variability of outstanding fixed 
income instruments that are associated with changes in prevailing interest rates. Our investment portfolio contains 
interest rate-sensitive instruments, such as fixed income securities which have been, and will likely continue to be, 
affected by variations in the level of interest rates, whether due to changes in central bank monetary policies, domestic 
and international fiscal policies as well as more general economic and political conditions, resulting levels of inflation 
and other factors beyond our control.

Interest rates are highly sensitive to the foregoing factors. For example, inflation could lead to higher interest 
rates and falling fixed income prices, causing the current unrealized loss position in our fixed income portfolio to 
increase. As a result of the higher interest rate environment, we have captured the opportunity of elevated yield curves 
across  the  major  currencies,  and  heavily  invested  in  high-grade  bonds  generating  higher  investment  yield  during 
the year 2023. However, these assets are riskier in nature, with potentially greater volatility based upon changes in 
economic factors.

Steps that may be taken by central banks to raise interest rates in the future in order to combat inflation could, 
in turn, lead to an increase in our loss costs. Changes in the level of inflation also could result in an increased level of 
uncertainty in our estimation of loss reserves for our specialty long-tail segment lines of business. As a result of the 
above factors, our business, financial condition, liquidity or operating results could be adversely affected.

The determination of the amount of expected credit losses (ECL) taken on our investments involves the estimation 
of  uncertainties  which,  if  they  turn  out  to  be  incorrect,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of 
operations and financial condition.

We perform an ECL assessment for our investments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECL for an 
investment contract is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the investment 
contract and all the cash flows that we expect to receive with respect to such contract, discounted at an approximation 
of the original effective interest rate. The assessment of ECL is sensitive to changes in underlying circumstances, the 
applicable interest rate environment and the existing economic conditions outlook. Assessing the accuracy of the level 
of ECL recorded in our financial statements is inherently uncertain given the subjective nature of the process which 
may result in additional ECL being taken in the future with respect to events that may impact specific investments.

We cannot guarantee that our reinsurers will pay in a timely fashion, if at all, and, as a result, we could experience 
losses.

We purchase reinsurance by transferring part of the risk that we have assumed, known as ceding, to a reinsurance 
company in exchange for part of the premium we receive in connection with the risk. Although reinsurance makes the 
reinsurer contractually liable to us to the extent the risk is transferred or ceded to the reinsurer, it does not relieve us, 
the reinsured, of our liability to our policyholders. Our reinsurers may not pay the recoverable reinsurance that they 
owe to us or they may not pay such recoverables on a timely basis. Accordingly, we bear credit risk with respect to our 
reinsurers, and if our reinsurers fail to pay us, our financial results would be adversely affected. Underwriting results 
and investment returns of some of our reinsurers may affect their future ability to pay claims. In addition, from time 
to time we engage in disputes with reinsurers regarding their contractual obligations, which may involve arbitration 
or litigation and could involve amounts that are material. As of December 31, 2023, the amount owed to us from our 

reinsurers for paid claims was approximately $10.8 million and the portion of our case reserves due from reinsurers 

was approximately $117.4 million. A failure by reinsurers to cover their portion of our liabilities, and/or disputes with 

reinsurers over the extent or applicability of their obligations to us, could depending on the amounts involved have a 

material adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

Our  operating  subsidiaries  are  rated  and  a  decline  in  any  of  these  ratings  could  adversely  affect  our  standing 

among brokers and customers and cause our premiums and earnings to decrease.

Ratings  have  become  an  increasingly  important  factor  in  establishing  the  competitive  position  of  insurance 

and reinsurance companies. Rating agencies represent independent opinions of the financial strength of insurers and 

reinsurers  and  their  ability  to  meet  policyholder  obligations. We  currently  hold  financial  strength  ratings  assigned 

by third-party rating agencies which assess and rate the claims paying ability and financial strength of insurers and 

reinsurers. The ratings of our operating subsidiaries are subject to periodic review by, and may be placed on credit 

watch, revised downward or revoked at the sole discretion of A.M. Best Inc. or S&P Global Ratings. We currently hold 

a stable outlook rating of “A (Excellent)” from A.M. Best Inc. and a stable outlook rating of “A-” from S&P.

If the ratings of our operating subsidiaries are reduced from their current levels by A.M. Best Inc. or S&P Global 

Ratings, our competitive position in the insurance industry might suffer and it might be more difficult for us to market 

our products, expand our insurance and reinsurance portfolio and renew our existing insurance and reinsurance policies 

and agreements. A downgrade may also require us to establish trusts or post letters of credit for ceding company clients 

and  could  trigger  provisions  allowing  some  clients  to  terminate  their  insurance  and  reinsurance  contracts  with  us. 

Some contracts also provide for the return of the premium for the unexpired periods to the ceding client in the event 

of a rating downgrade. It is increasingly common for our reinsurance contracts to contain such terms. A significant 

downgrade could result in a substantial loss of business as ceding companies and brokers that place such business 

move to other reinsurers with higher claims-paying and financial strength ratings and therefore could have a material 

adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

A.M. Best and S&P Global Ratings periodically review our ratings and may revise them downward or revoke 

them at their sole discretion based primarily on their analysis of our balance sheet strength (including capital adequacy 

and claims and claim adjustment expense reserve adequacy), operating performance and business profile. Factors that 

could affect such an analysis include but are not limited to:

if  we  change  our  business  practices  from  our  organizational  business  plan  in  a  manner  that  no  longer 

supports our ratings;

if unfavorable financial, regulatory or market trends affect us, including excess market capacity;

if our losses exceed our loss reserves;

if we have unresolved issues with government regulators;

if we are unable to retain our senior management or other key personnel;

if a rating agency has concerns with the quality of our risk management;

if our investment portfolio incurs significant losses; or

if the rating agencies alter their capital adequacy assessment methodology in a manner that would adversely 

affect our ratings.

These and other factors could result in a downgrade of our ratings. A downgrade of our ratings could cause our 

current and future brokers and agents, retail brokers and insureds to choose other, more highly-rated competitors. A 

downgrade of our ratings could also increase the cost or reduce the availability of reinsurance to us, increase collateral 

required for our assumed reinsurance business, or trigger termination of assumed and/or ceded reinsurance contracts. 

A downgrade could also adversely limit our access to the capital markets, which may increase the cost of debt.

In addition, in view of the earnings and capital pressures recently experienced by many financial institutions, 

including insurance companies, it is possible  that rating organizations will heighten the level of scrutiny that they 

apply  to  such  institutions,  will  increase  the  frequency  and  scope  of  their  credit  reviews,  will  request  additional 

information from the companies that they rate and may increase the capital and other requirements employed in the 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023we cannot ensure that such measures will be effective. In addition, a decrease in the value of our investments may 

result in a reduction in overall capital, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and our 

financial condition.

Our results of operations, liabilities and investment portfolio may be materially affected by conditions affecting the 

level of interest rates in the global capital markets and major economies, such as central bank policies on interest 

rates and the rate of inflation.

As  a  global  insurance  and  reinsurance  company,  we  are  affected  by  the  monetary  policies  of  the  Bank  of 

England,  the  European  Central  Bank,  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  U.S.  Federal  System  and  other  central  banks 

around the world. Since the financial crisis of 2007 and 2008, these central banks have taken a number of actions to 

spur economic activity, such as keeping target interest rates low and supporting the prices of financial assets through 

“quantitative easing”. Unconventional monetary policy from the major central banks, and reversal of such policies, 

and moderate global economic growth remain key uncertainties for markets and our business.

Our exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to the market price and yield variability of outstanding fixed 

income instruments that are associated with changes in prevailing interest rates. Our investment portfolio contains 

interest rate-sensitive instruments, such as fixed income securities which have been, and will likely continue to be, 

affected by variations in the level of interest rates, whether due to changes in central bank monetary policies, domestic 

and international fiscal policies as well as more general economic and political conditions, resulting levels of inflation 

and other factors beyond our control.

Interest rates are highly sensitive to the foregoing factors. For example, inflation could lead to higher interest 

rates and falling fixed income prices, causing the current unrealized loss position in our fixed income portfolio to 

increase. As a result of the higher interest rate environment, we have captured the opportunity of elevated yield curves 

across  the  major  currencies,  and  heavily  invested  in  high-grade  bonds  generating  higher  investment  yield  during 

the year 2023. However, these assets are riskier in nature, with potentially greater volatility based upon changes in 

economic factors.

Steps that may be taken by central banks to raise interest rates in the future in order to combat inflation could, 

in turn, lead to an increase in our loss costs. Changes in the level of inflation also could result in an increased level of 

uncertainty in our estimation of loss reserves for our specialty long-tail segment lines of business. As a result of the 

above factors, our business, financial condition, liquidity or operating results could be adversely affected.

The determination of the amount of expected credit losses (ECL) taken on our investments involves the estimation 

of  uncertainties  which,  if  they  turn  out  to  be  incorrect,  could  have  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  results  of 

operations and financial condition.

We perform an ECL assessment for our investments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECL for an 

investment contract is based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the investment 

contract and all the cash flows that we expect to receive with respect to such contract, discounted at an approximation 

of the original effective interest rate. The assessment of ECL is sensitive to changes in underlying circumstances, the 

applicable interest rate environment and the existing economic conditions outlook. Assessing the accuracy of the level 

of ECL recorded in our financial statements is inherently uncertain given the subjective nature of the process which 

may result in additional ECL being taken in the future with respect to events that may impact specific investments.

We cannot guarantee that our reinsurers will pay in a timely fashion, if at all, and, as a result, we could experience 

losses.

We purchase reinsurance by transferring part of the risk that we have assumed, known as ceding, to a reinsurance 

company in exchange for part of the premium we receive in connection with the risk. Although reinsurance makes the 

reinsurer contractually liable to us to the extent the risk is transferred or ceded to the reinsurer, it does not relieve us, 

the reinsured, of our liability to our policyholders. Our reinsurers may not pay the recoverable reinsurance that they 

owe to us or they may not pay such recoverables on a timely basis. Accordingly, we bear credit risk with respect to our 

reinsurers, and if our reinsurers fail to pay us, our financial results would be adversely affected. Underwriting results 

and investment returns of some of our reinsurers may affect their future ability to pay claims. In addition, from time 

to time we engage in disputes with reinsurers regarding their contractual obligations, which may involve arbitration 

or litigation and could involve amounts that are material. As of December 31, 2023, the amount owed to us from our 

reinsurers for paid claims was approximately $10.8 million and the portion of our case reserves due from reinsurers 
was approximately $117.4 million. A failure by reinsurers to cover their portion of our liabilities, and/or disputes with 
reinsurers over the extent or applicability of their obligations to us, could depending on the amounts involved have a 
material adverse effect on our results of operations and business.

Our  operating  subsidiaries  are  rated  and  a  decline  in  any  of  these  ratings  could  adversely  affect  our  standing 
among brokers and customers and cause our premiums and earnings to decrease.

Ratings  have  become  an  increasingly  important  factor  in  establishing  the  competitive  position  of  insurance 
and reinsurance companies. Rating agencies represent independent opinions of the financial strength of insurers and 
reinsurers  and  their  ability  to  meet  policyholder  obligations. We  currently  hold  financial  strength  ratings  assigned 
by third-party rating agencies which assess and rate the claims paying ability and financial strength of insurers and 
reinsurers. The ratings of our operating subsidiaries are subject to periodic review by, and may be placed on credit 
watch, revised downward or revoked at the sole discretion of A.M. Best Inc. or S&P Global Ratings. We currently hold 
a stable outlook rating of “A (Excellent)” from A.M. Best Inc. and a stable outlook rating of “A-” from S&P.

If the ratings of our operating subsidiaries are reduced from their current levels by A.M. Best Inc. or S&P Global 
Ratings, our competitive position in the insurance industry might suffer and it might be more difficult for us to market 
our products, expand our insurance and reinsurance portfolio and renew our existing insurance and reinsurance policies 
and agreements. A downgrade may also require us to establish trusts or post letters of credit for ceding company clients 
and  could  trigger  provisions  allowing  some  clients  to  terminate  their  insurance  and  reinsurance  contracts  with  us. 
Some contracts also provide for the return of the premium for the unexpired periods to the ceding client in the event 
of a rating downgrade. It is increasingly common for our reinsurance contracts to contain such terms. A significant 
downgrade could result in a substantial loss of business as ceding companies and brokers that place such business 
move to other reinsurers with higher claims-paying and financial strength ratings and therefore could have a material 
adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

A.M. Best and S&P Global Ratings periodically review our ratings and may revise them downward or revoke 
them at their sole discretion based primarily on their analysis of our balance sheet strength (including capital adequacy 
and claims and claim adjustment expense reserve adequacy), operating performance and business profile. Factors that 
could affect such an analysis include but are not limited to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

if  we  change  our  business  practices  from  our  organizational  business  plan  in  a  manner  that  no  longer 
supports our ratings;

if unfavorable financial, regulatory or market trends affect us, including excess market capacity;

if our losses exceed our loss reserves;

if we have unresolved issues with government regulators;

if we are unable to retain our senior management or other key personnel;

if a rating agency has concerns with the quality of our risk management;

if our investment portfolio incurs significant losses; or

if the rating agencies alter their capital adequacy assessment methodology in a manner that would adversely 
affect our ratings.

These and other factors could result in a downgrade of our ratings. A downgrade of our ratings could cause our 
current and future brokers and agents, retail brokers and insureds to choose other, more highly-rated competitors. A 
downgrade of our ratings could also increase the cost or reduce the availability of reinsurance to us, increase collateral 
required for our assumed reinsurance business, or trigger termination of assumed and/or ceded reinsurance contracts. 
A downgrade could also adversely limit our access to the capital markets, which may increase the cost of debt.

In addition, in view of the earnings and capital pressures recently experienced by many financial institutions, 
including insurance companies, it is possible  that rating organizations will heighten  the  level of  scrutiny  that they 
apply  to  such  institutions,  will  increase  the  frequency  and  scope  of  their  credit  reviews,  will  request  additional 
information from the companies that they rate and may increase the capital and other requirements employed in the 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          rating organizations’ models for maintenance of certain ratings levels. It is possible that such reviews of the Company 
may result in adverse ratings consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and 
results of operations. A downgrade or withdrawal of any rating could severely limit or prevent us from writing new and 
renewal insurance or reinsurance contracts.

The risk associated with underwriting treaty reinsurance business could adversely affect us.

results of operations.

Like other reinsurers, our reinsurance group does not separately evaluate each of the individual risks assumed 
under reinsurance treaties. Therefore, we are largely dependent on the original underwriting decisions made by ceding 
companies. We are subject to the risk that the ceding companies may not have adequately evaluated the risks to be 
reinsured and that the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks we assume.

Consistent with market practice, much of our treaty reinsurance business allows the ceding company to terminate 
the contract below a certain threshold. Whether a cedent would exercise any of these rights could depend on various 
factors, such as the reason for and extent of such downgrade, the prevailing market conditions and the pricing and 
availability of replacement reinsurance coverage. We cannot predict to what extent these contractual rights would be 
exercised, if at all, or what effect this would have on our financial condition or future operations, but the effect could 
be material.

A failure in or damage to our operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could disrupt our 
businesses and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our  business  is  highly  dependent  on  our  ability  to  process,  on  a  daily  basis,  a  large  number  of  transactions 
across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies. In particular, we rely on the ability of our employees, our 
internal systems and systems operated by third parties on behalf of the London insurance market, including technology 
centers, to process a high volume of transactions. As our client base and geographical reach expands, developing and 
maintaining our operational systems and infrastructure requires continuing investment. Our financial, accounting, data 
processing and other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of 
events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, adversely affecting our ability to process these transactions or 
provide these services.

In addition, our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other 
information in our computer systems and networks. We rely on these systems for critical elements of our business 
processes,  including,  for  example,  entry  and  retrieval  of  individual  risk  details,  premium  and  claims  processing, 
monitoring aggregate exposures and financial and regulatory reporting. Although we take industry standard protective 
measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may 
be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a 
security impact.

We  routinely  transmit  and  receive  personal,  confidential  and  proprietary  information  by  email  and  other 
electronic means. We have discussed and worked with clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other 
third parties to develop secure transmission capabilities, but we do not have, and may be unable to put in place, secure 
capabilities with all of our clients, counterparties and other third parties and we may not be able to ensure that these 
third  parties  have  appropriate  controls  in  place  to  protect  the  confidentiality  of  the  information. An  interception, 
misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a client, 
counterparty or other third party could result in legal liability and/or regulatory action (including, without limitation, 
under data protection and privacy laws and standards) and reputational harm.

If  one  or  more  of  such  events  occur,  this  potentially  could  jeopardize  our  or  our  clients’  or  counterparties’ 
confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, 
or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, 
which could result in significant losses or reputational damage. We may be required to expend significant additional 
resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and 
we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any 
insurance maintained by us. Any expansion of existing or new laws and regulations regarding data protection could 
further increase our liability should protected data be mishandled or misused.

While we have developed and implemented disaster recovery systems which we believe are sufficient for our 

business needs, it is always possible that we could suffer data losses for numerous reasons and we could potentially 

be  affected  by  acts  of  terrorism  or  nuclear,  chemical,  biological  or  radiological  exposure.  Such  exposures  may  be 

uninsurable and, were they to occur on our premises or those of third parties with or through which we conduct our 

business, they could prevent us from carrying on that business, which could have a material adverse effect on our 

We have outsourced certain technology and business process functions to third parties and may continue to do 

so in the future. Our outsourcing of certain technology and business process functions to third parties may expose us 

to increased risk related to data security, service disruptions or the effectiveness of our control system, which could 

result in monetary and reputational damage or harm to our competitive position. These risks could grow as vendors 

increasingly offer cloud-based software services rather than software services which can be run within our data centers.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more key employees or by an inability to attract and retain 

qualified personnel, which could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations, or ability to realize 

our strategic business plan.

Our success has depended and will continue to depend on the continued services and continuing contributions 

of our underwriters, management and other key personnel and our ability to continue to attract, motivate and retain 

the services of qualified personnel. While we have entered into employment contracts or letters of appointment with 

such key personnel, the retention of their services cannot be guaranteed. We may also encounter unforeseen difficulties 

associated  with  the  transition  of  members  of  our  senior  management  team  to  new  or  expanded  roles  necessary  to 

execute our strategic and tactical plans from time to time.

The pool of talent from which we actively recruit is limited. Although, to date, we have not experienced difficulties 

in attracting and retaining key personnel, the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have a material 

adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our underwriting staff is critical to our 

success in the production of business. While we do not consider any of our key executive officers or underwriters to be 

irreplaceable, the loss of the services of key executive officers or underwriters or the inability to hire and retain other 

highly qualified personnel in the future could delay or prevent us from fully implementing our business strategy which 

could affect our financial performance.

Special  considerations  apply  to  our  Bermuda  operations.  Under  Bermuda  law,  non-Bermudians,  other  than 

spouses  of  Bermudians  and  individuals  holding  permanent  or  working  resident  certificates,  are  not  permitted  to 

engage in any gainful occupation in Bermuda without a work permit issued by the Bermuda Government. A work 

permit is only granted or extended if the employer can show that, after a proper public advertisement, no Bermudian, 

spouse of a Bermudian or individual holding a permanent or working resident certificate, who meets the minimum 

standards reasonably required for the position, is available. The Bermuda Government places a six-year term limit on 

individuals with work permits, subject to specified exemptions for persons deemed to be key employees of businesses 

with a significant physical presence in Bermuda. No assurances can be given that any work permit will be issued or, 

if issued, renewed upon the expiration of the relevant term.

Offices in other jurisdictions, such as Dubai, may have residency and other mandatory requirements that affect 

the composition of our local boards of directors, executive teams and choice of third-party service providers. Due to 

the competition for available talent in such jurisdictions, we may not be able to attract and retain personnel as required 

by our business plans, which could disrupt operations and adversely affect our financial performance.

Our success will depend in part upon our continuing ability to recruit and retain employees of suitable skill and 

experience, and we may find that we are not able to recruit sufficient or qualified staff, or that the individuals that we 

would like to recruit will not be able to obtain the necessary work permits if required or that we will not be able to 

retain such staff. The loss of the services of one, or some of, the underwriters, management or other key personnel or 

the inability to recruit and retain staff of suitable quality could adversely affect our ability to continue to conduct our 

business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023rating organizations’ models for maintenance of certain ratings levels. It is possible that such reviews of the Company 

may result in adverse ratings consequences, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and 

results of operations. A downgrade or withdrawal of any rating could severely limit or prevent us from writing new and 

renewal insurance or reinsurance contracts.

The risk associated with underwriting treaty reinsurance business could adversely affect us.

Like other reinsurers, our reinsurance group does not separately evaluate each of the individual risks assumed 

under reinsurance treaties. Therefore, we are largely dependent on the original underwriting decisions made by ceding 

companies. We are subject to the risk that the ceding companies may not have adequately evaluated the risks to be 

reinsured and that the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks we assume.

Consistent with market practice, much of our treaty reinsurance business allows the ceding company to terminate 

the contract below a certain threshold. Whether a cedent would exercise any of these rights could depend on various 

factors, such as the reason for and extent of such downgrade, the prevailing market conditions and the pricing and 

availability of replacement reinsurance coverage. We cannot predict to what extent these contractual rights would be 

exercised, if at all, or what effect this would have on our financial condition or future operations, but the effect could 

be material.

A failure in or damage to our operational systems or infrastructure, or those of third parties, could disrupt our 

businesses and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our  business  is  highly  dependent  on  our  ability  to  process,  on  a  daily  basis,  a  large  number  of  transactions 

across numerous and diverse markets in many currencies. In particular, we rely on the ability of our employees, our 

internal systems and systems operated by third parties on behalf of the London insurance market, including technology 

centers, to process a high volume of transactions. As our client base and geographical reach expands, developing and 

maintaining our operational systems and infrastructure requires continuing investment. Our financial, accounting, data 

processing and other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of 

events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, adversely affecting our ability to process these transactions or 

provide these services.

In addition, our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other 

information in our computer systems and networks. We rely on these systems for critical elements of our business 

processes,  including,  for  example,  entry  and  retrieval  of  individual  risk  details,  premium  and  claims  processing, 

monitoring aggregate exposures and financial and regulatory reporting. Although we take industry standard protective 

measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may 

be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a 

security impact.

We  routinely  transmit  and  receive  personal,  confidential  and  proprietary  information  by  email  and  other 

electronic means. We have discussed and worked with clients, vendors, service providers, counterparties and other 

third parties to develop secure transmission capabilities, but we do not have, and may be unable to put in place, secure 

capabilities with all of our clients, counterparties and other third parties and we may not be able to ensure that these 

third  parties  have  appropriate  controls  in  place  to  protect  the  confidentiality  of  the  information. An  interception, 

misuse or mishandling of personal, confidential or proprietary information being sent to or received from a client, 

counterparty or other third party could result in legal liability and/or regulatory action (including, without limitation, 

under data protection and privacy laws and standards) and reputational harm.

If  one  or  more  of  such  events  occur,  this  potentially  could  jeopardize  our  or  our  clients’  or  counterparties’ 

confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, 

or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations, 

which could result in significant losses or reputational damage. We may be required to expend significant additional 

resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and 

we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against or not fully covered through any 

insurance maintained by us. Any expansion of existing or new laws and regulations regarding data protection could 

further increase our liability should protected data be mishandled or misused.

While we have developed and implemented disaster recovery systems which we believe are sufficient for our 
business needs, it is always possible that we could suffer data losses for numerous reasons and we could potentially 
be  affected  by  acts  of  terrorism  or  nuclear,  chemical,  biological  or  radiological  exposure.  Such  exposures  may  be 
uninsurable and, were they to occur on our premises or those of third parties with or through which we conduct our 
business, they could prevent us from carrying on that business, which could have a material adverse effect on our 
results of operations.

We have outsourced certain technology and business process functions to third parties and may continue to do 
so in the future. Our outsourcing of certain technology and business process functions to third parties may expose us 
to increased risk related to data security, service disruptions or the effectiveness of our control system, which could 
result in monetary and reputational damage or harm to our competitive position. These risks could grow as vendors 
increasingly offer cloud-based software services rather than software services which can be run within our data centers.

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more key employees or by an inability to attract and retain 
qualified personnel, which could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations, or ability to realize 
our strategic business plan.

Our success has depended and will continue to depend on the continued services and continuing contributions 
of our underwriters, management and other key personnel and our ability to continue to attract, motivate and retain 
the services of qualified personnel. While we have entered into employment contracts or letters of appointment with 
such key personnel, the retention of their services cannot be guaranteed. We may also encounter unforeseen difficulties 
associated  with  the  transition  of  members  of  our  senior  management  team  to  new  or  expanded  roles  necessary  to 
execute our strategic and tactical plans from time to time.

The pool of talent from which we actively recruit is limited. Although, to date, we have not experienced difficulties 
in attracting and retaining key personnel, the inability to attract and retain qualified personnel could have a material 
adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our underwriting staff is critical to our 
success in the production of business. While we do not consider any of our key executive officers or underwriters to be 
irreplaceable, the loss of the services of key executive officers or underwriters or the inability to hire and retain other 
highly qualified personnel in the future could delay or prevent us from fully implementing our business strategy which 
could affect our financial performance.

Special  considerations  apply  to  our  Bermuda  operations.  Under  Bermuda  law,  non-Bermudians,  other  than 
spouses  of  Bermudians  and  individuals  holding  permanent  or  working  resident  certificates,  are  not  permitted  to 
engage in any gainful occupation in Bermuda without a work permit issued by the Bermuda Government. A work 
permit is only granted or extended if the employer can show that, after a proper public advertisement, no Bermudian, 
spouse of a Bermudian or individual holding a permanent or working resident certificate, who meets the minimum 
standards reasonably required for the position, is available. The Bermuda Government places a six-year term limit on 
individuals with work permits, subject to specified exemptions for persons deemed to be key employees of businesses 
with a significant physical presence in Bermuda. No assurances can be given that any work permit will be issued or, 
if issued, renewed upon the expiration of the relevant term.

Offices in other jurisdictions, such as Dubai, may have residency and other mandatory requirements that affect 
the composition of our local boards of directors, executive teams and choice of third-party service providers. Due to 
the competition for available talent in such jurisdictions, we may not be able to attract and retain personnel as required 
by our business plans, which could disrupt operations and adversely affect our financial performance.

Our success will depend in part upon our continuing ability to recruit and retain employees of suitable skill and 
experience, and we may find that we are not able to recruit sufficient or qualified staff, or that the individuals that we 
would like to recruit will not be able to obtain the necessary work permits if required or that we will not be able to 
retain such staff. The loss of the services of one, or some of, the underwriters, management or other key personnel or 
the inability to recruit and retain staff of suitable quality could adversely affect our ability to continue to conduct our 
business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We  enter  into  various  contractual  arrangements  with  third  parties  generally,  including  brokers,  with  respect  to 
insurance,  reinsurance  and  financing  arrangements;  any  deterioration  in  the  creditworthiness  of,  defaults  by, 
commingling  of  funds  by,  or  reputational  issues  related  to,  counterparties  or  other  third  parties  with  whom  we 
transact business could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We  are  exposed  to  credit  risk  relating  to  policyholders,  independent  agents  and  brokers.  For  example,  our 
policyholders, independent agents or brokers may not pay a part of or the full amount of premiums owed to us, and 
our brokers or other third-party claim administrators may not deliver amounts owed on claims under our insurance 
and reinsurance contracts for which we have provided funds. If the counterparties or other third parties with whom we 
transact business default or fail to meet their payment obligations, it could materially adversely affect our financial 
condition  and  results  of  operations.  If  the  counterparties  or  other  third  parties  with  whom  we  transact  business 
experience reputational issues, they may in turn cause other counterparties, third parties or customers to question our 
reputation in respect of choosing to enter into contractual arrangements with such counterparties.

As credit risk is generally a function of the economy, we face a greater credit risk in an economic downturn. 
While we attempt to manage credit risks through underwriting guidelines, collateral requirements and other oversight 
mechanisms, our efforts may not be successful. For example, to reduce such credit risk, we may require certain third 
parties to post collateral for some or all of their obligations to us. In cases where we receive pledged securities and 
the  applicable  counterparty  is  unable  to  honor  its  obligations,  we  may  be  exposed  to  credit  risk  on  the  securities 
pledged and/or the risk that our access to that collateral may be stayed as a result of bankruptcy. In cases where we 
receive letters of credit from banks as collateral and one of our counterparties is unable to honor its obligations, we 
are exposed to the credit risk of the banks that issued the letters of credit. During 2023, no third parties were required 
to post collateral for our benefit.

Brokers present a credit risk to us. We will pay amounts owed on valid claims under our insurance and reinsurance 
contracts to brokers, and these brokers, in turn, will pay these amounts over to the clients making the claim under the 
policy underwritten by us. If a broker fails to make such a payment, it is possible that we will be liable to the client for 
the deficiency in a particular jurisdiction because of local laws or contractual obligations under the applicable Terms 
of Business Agreement in place and settlement terms and conditions as set out in the relevant contract. Likewise, in 
certain jurisdictions, when the insured or ceding insurer pays premiums for these policies to brokers for payment over 
to us, these premiums might be considered to have been paid and the insured or ceding insurer will no longer be liable 
to us for those amounts only where the broker was appointed as our agent under the applicable Terms of Business 
Agreement in place and underlined terms and conditions as set out in the relevant contract, whether or not we have 
actually received the premiums from the broker, while leaving us at risk in respect of the underlying policy. These risks 
are heightened during periods characterized by financial market instability and/or an economic downturn or recession. 
Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with our brokers. We have experienced some losses related 
to this credit risk in the past.

In addition, brokers generally are entitled to commingle payments made by, or owing to, us, with their other 
client monies. These commingled funds owing to us could then be claimed by other creditors or otherwise disposed of, 
which could prevent us from recovering the amount due. However, the majority of insurance policies have Premium 
Payment Warranties that enable us to cancel coverage in case of non-payment of premiums. Of the brokers with whom 
we transact business, as of December 31, 2023, 81.7% were located in the UK, 5.7% were located elsewhere in Europe, 
11.6% were located in the MENA region, Africa or Asia, the majority of which were from subsidiaries of UK brokers, 
and 1.0% were located in North, South and Central America and Australasia.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the failure of policyholders, brokers or other intermediaries to 
honor their payment obligations.

In  accordance  with  industry  practice,  we  generally  pay  amounts  owed  on  claims  under  our  insurance  and 
reinsurance contracts to brokers and these brokers, in turn, pay these amounts to the clients that purchased insurance 
and reinsurance from us. In some jurisdictions where we write a significant amount of business, depending on whether 
the broker is our agent or the client’s agent, if a broker fails to make such a payment it is highly likely that we will be 
liable to the client for the deficiency because of local laws or contractual obligations. Likewise, when the client pays 
premiums for policies to brokers for payment to us, these premiums are generally considered to have been paid and, 

in most cases, the client will no longer be liable to us for those amounts whether or not we have actually received the 

premiums. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with brokers with respect to most of our (re)

insurance business.

In addition, bankruptcy, liquidity problems, distressed financial conditions or the general effects of economic 

recession may increase the risk that policyholders may not pay a part of, or the full amount of, premiums owed to us 

despite an obligation to do so. While a majority of our policies include a premium payment warranty, it is possible 

that some policies may not permit us to cancel our insurance even if we have not received payment. If non-payment 

becomes widespread, whether as a result of bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational 

failure, delay due to litigation, bad faith and fraud or other events, it could have a material adverse impact on our 

business and operating results.

Our liquidity and counterparty risk exposures may be adversely affected by the impairment of financial institutions.

We routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and 

dealers, commercial banks, investment banks and other institutions. We are exposed to the risk that these counterparties 

are unable to make payments or provide collateral to a third party when required, or that securities that we own are 

required  to  be  sold  at  a  loss  in  order  to  meet  liquidity,  collateral  or  other  payment  requirements.  In  addition,  our 

investments in various fixed income securities issued by financial institutions expose us to credit risk in the event 

of default by these issuers. With respect to derivatives transactions that require exchange of collateral, due to mark 

to market movements, our risk may be exacerbated in the event of default by a counterparty. Any such losses could 

materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. In such an event, we may not receive the collateral 

due to us from the defaulted counterparty.

We are exposed to credit risk in certain areas of our business operations.

In  addition  to  exposure  to  credit  risk  related  to  our  investment  portfolio,  and  reliance  on  brokers  and  other 

agents,  we  are  subject  to  credit  risk  with  respect  to  our  reinsurance  because  the  ceding  of  risk  to  reinsurers  and 

retrocessionaires does not relieve us of our liability to the clients or companies we insure or reinsure. Our reinsurers 

may not pay the reinsurance recoverables that they owe to us or they may not pay such recoverables on a timely basis. 

The collectability of reinsurance is subject to the solvency of the reinsurers, interpretation and application of contract 

language and other factors. We are selective in regard to our reinsurers, placing reinsurance with those reinsurers with 

stronger financial strength ratings from A.M. Best or S&P Global Ratings, a sovereign rating or a combination thereof. 

Despite  strong  ratings,  the  financial  condition  of  a  reinsurer  may  change  based  on  market  conditions.  In  certain 

instances, we may also require assets in trust, letters of credit or other acceptable collateral to support balances due. 

However, there is no certainty that we can collect on these collateral agreements in the event of a reinsurer’s default.

Additionally,  we  write  retrospectively  rated  policies  (i.e.,  policies  in  which  premiums  are  adjusted  after  the 

policy period based on the actual loss experience of the policyholder during the policy period). In this instance, we are 

exposed to credit risk to the extent the adjusted premium is greater than the original premium. Although we have not 

experienced any material credit losses to date, an increased inability of our policyholders to meet their obligations to 

us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Although  we  have  not  experienced  any  material  credit  losses  to  date,  an  inability  of  our  reinsurers  or 

retrocessionaires to meet their obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and 

results of operations. Our losses for a given event or occurrence may increase if our reinsurers or retrocessionaires 

dispute  or  fail  to  meet  their  obligations  to  us  or  the  reinsurance  protections  purchased  by  us  are  exhausted  or  are 

otherwise unavailable for any reason. Our failure to establish adequate reinsurance arrangements or the failure of our 

existing  reinsurance  arrangements  to  protect  us  from  overly  concentrated  risk  exposure  could  adversely  affect  our 

financial condition and results of operations.

We may be forced to retain a higher proportion of risks than we would otherwise prefer, incur additional expense, 

or purchase reinsurance from companies with a higher credit risk or we may underwrite fewer or smaller contracts or 

seek alternatives such as, for example, risk transfer to capital markets. Any of these factors could negatively impact 

our financial performance.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We  enter  into  various  contractual  arrangements  with  third  parties  generally,  including  brokers,  with  respect  to 

insurance,  reinsurance  and  financing  arrangements;  any  deterioration  in  the  creditworthiness  of,  defaults  by, 

commingling  of  funds  by,  or  reputational  issues  related  to,  counterparties  or  other  third  parties  with  whom  we 

transact business could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations.

We  are  exposed  to  credit  risk  relating  to  policyholders,  independent  agents  and  brokers.  For  example,  our 

policyholders, independent agents or brokers may not pay a part of or the full amount of premiums owed to us, and 

our brokers or other third-party claim administrators may not deliver amounts owed on claims under our insurance 

and reinsurance contracts for which we have provided funds. If the counterparties or other third parties with whom we 

transact business default or fail to meet their payment obligations, it could materially adversely affect our financial 

condition  and  results  of  operations.  If  the  counterparties  or  other  third  parties  with  whom  we  transact  business 

experience reputational issues, they may in turn cause other counterparties, third parties or customers to question our 

reputation in respect of choosing to enter into contractual arrangements with such counterparties.

As credit risk is generally a function of the economy, we face a greater credit risk in an economic downturn. 

While we attempt to manage credit risks through underwriting guidelines, collateral requirements and other oversight 

mechanisms, our efforts may not be successful. For example, to reduce such credit risk, we may require certain third 

parties to post collateral for some or all of their obligations to us. In cases where we receive pledged securities and 

the  applicable  counterparty  is  unable  to  honor  its  obligations,  we  may  be  exposed  to  credit  risk  on  the  securities 

pledged and/or the risk that our access to that collateral may be stayed as a result of bankruptcy. In cases where we 

receive letters of credit from banks as collateral and one of our counterparties is unable to honor its obligations, we 

are exposed to the credit risk of the banks that issued the letters of credit. During 2023, no third parties were required 

to post collateral for our benefit.

Brokers present a credit risk to us. We will pay amounts owed on valid claims under our insurance and reinsurance 

contracts to brokers, and these brokers, in turn, will pay these amounts over to the clients making the claim under the 

policy underwritten by us. If a broker fails to make such a payment, it is possible that we will be liable to the client for 

the deficiency in a particular jurisdiction because of local laws or contractual obligations under the applicable Terms 

of Business Agreement in place and settlement terms and conditions as set out in the relevant contract. Likewise, in 

certain jurisdictions, when the insured or ceding insurer pays premiums for these policies to brokers for payment over 

to us, these premiums might be considered to have been paid and the insured or ceding insurer will no longer be liable 

to us for those amounts only where the broker was appointed as our agent under the applicable Terms of Business 

Agreement in place and underlined terms and conditions as set out in the relevant contract, whether or not we have 

actually received the premiums from the broker, while leaving us at risk in respect of the underlying policy. These risks 

are heightened during periods characterized by financial market instability and/or an economic downturn or recession. 

Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with our brokers. We have experienced some losses related 

to this credit risk in the past.

In addition, brokers generally are entitled to commingle payments made by, or owing to, us, with their other 

client monies. These commingled funds owing to us could then be claimed by other creditors or otherwise disposed of, 

which could prevent us from recovering the amount due. However, the majority of insurance policies have Premium 

Payment Warranties that enable us to cancel coverage in case of non-payment of premiums. Of the brokers with whom 

we transact business, as of December 31, 2023, 81.7% were located in the UK, 5.7% were located elsewhere in Europe, 

11.6% were located in the MENA region, Africa or Asia, the majority of which were from subsidiaries of UK brokers, 

and 1.0% were located in North, South and Central America and Australasia.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by the failure of policyholders, brokers or other intermediaries to 

honor their payment obligations.

In  accordance  with  industry  practice,  we  generally  pay  amounts  owed  on  claims  under  our  insurance  and 

reinsurance contracts to brokers and these brokers, in turn, pay these amounts to the clients that purchased insurance 

and reinsurance from us. In some jurisdictions where we write a significant amount of business, depending on whether 

the broker is our agent or the client’s agent, if a broker fails to make such a payment it is highly likely that we will be 

liable to the client for the deficiency because of local laws or contractual obligations. Likewise, when the client pays 

premiums for policies to brokers for payment to us, these premiums are generally considered to have been paid and, 

in most cases, the client will no longer be liable to us for those amounts whether or not we have actually received the 
premiums. Consequently, we assume a degree of credit risk associated with brokers with respect to most of our (re)
insurance business.

In addition, bankruptcy, liquidity problems, distressed financial conditions or the general effects of economic 
recession may increase the risk that policyholders may not pay a part of, or the full amount of, premiums owed to us 
despite an obligation to do so. While a majority of our policies include a premium payment warranty, it is possible 
that some policies may not permit us to cancel our insurance even if we have not received payment. If non-payment 
becomes widespread, whether as a result of bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational 
failure, delay due to litigation, bad faith and fraud or other events, it could have a material adverse impact on our 
business and operating results.

Our liquidity and counterparty risk exposures may be adversely affected by the impairment of financial institutions.

We routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and 
dealers, commercial banks, investment banks and other institutions. We are exposed to the risk that these counterparties 
are unable to make payments or provide collateral to a third party when required, or that securities that we own are 
required  to  be  sold  at  a  loss  in  order  to  meet  liquidity,  collateral  or  other  payment  requirements.  In  addition,  our 
investments in various fixed income securities issued by financial institutions expose us to credit risk in the event 
of default by these issuers. With respect to derivatives transactions that require exchange of collateral, due to mark 
to market movements, our risk may be exacerbated in the event of default by a counterparty. Any such losses could 
materially and adversely affect our business and operating results. In such an event, we may not receive the collateral 
due to us from the defaulted counterparty.

We are exposed to credit risk in certain areas of our business operations.

In  addition  to  exposure  to  credit  risk  related  to  our  investment  portfolio,  and  reliance  on  brokers  and  other 
agents,  we  are  subject  to  credit  risk  with  respect  to  our  reinsurance  because  the  ceding  of  risk  to  reinsurers  and 
retrocessionaires does not relieve us of our liability to the clients or companies we insure or reinsure. Our reinsurers 
may not pay the reinsurance recoverables that they owe to us or they may not pay such recoverables on a timely basis. 
The collectability of reinsurance is subject to the solvency of the reinsurers, interpretation and application of contract 
language and other factors. We are selective in regard to our reinsurers, placing reinsurance with those reinsurers with 
stronger financial strength ratings from A.M. Best or S&P Global Ratings, a sovereign rating or a combination thereof. 
Despite  strong  ratings,  the  financial  condition  of  a  reinsurer  may  change  based  on  market  conditions.  In  certain 
instances, we may also require assets in trust, letters of credit or other acceptable collateral to support balances due. 
However, there is no certainty that we can collect on these collateral agreements in the event of a reinsurer’s default.

Additionally,  we  write  retrospectively  rated  policies  (i.e.,  policies  in  which  premiums  are  adjusted  after  the 
policy period based on the actual loss experience of the policyholder during the policy period). In this instance, we are 
exposed to credit risk to the extent the adjusted premium is greater than the original premium. Although we have not 
experienced any material credit losses to date, an increased inability of our policyholders to meet their obligations to 
us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Although  we  have  not  experienced  any  material  credit  losses  to  date,  an  inability  of  our  reinsurers  or 
retrocessionaires to meet their obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and 
results of operations. Our losses for a given event or occurrence may increase if our reinsurers or retrocessionaires 
dispute  or  fail  to  meet  their  obligations  to  us  or  the  reinsurance  protections  purchased  by  us  are  exhausted  or  are 
otherwise unavailable for any reason. Our failure to establish adequate reinsurance arrangements or the failure of our 
existing  reinsurance  arrangements  to  protect  us  from  overly  concentrated  risk  exposure  could  adversely  affect  our 
financial condition and results of operations.

We may be forced to retain a higher proportion of risks than we would otherwise prefer, incur additional expense, 
or purchase reinsurance from companies with a higher credit risk or we may underwrite fewer or smaller contracts or 
seek alternatives such as, for example, risk transfer to capital markets. Any of these factors could negatively impact 
our financial performance.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We may not be able to raise capital in the long term on favorable terms or at all.

Each of our regulated underwriting entities is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements. These 

include capital requirements imposed by the UK PRA, the MFSA and the BMA.

While  the  specific  regulatory  capital  requirements  vary  between  jurisdictions,  under  applicable  regulatory 
regimes, required capital can be impacted by items such as line of business mix, product type, underwriting premium 
volume  and  reserves. The  regulatory  capital  requirements  that  we  may  have  to  comply  with  are  subject  to  change 
due  to  factors  beyond  our  control.  In  general,  regulatory  capital  requirements  are  expected  to  evolve  over  time  as 
regulators continue to respond to demands for tighter controls over financial institutions, and the expectation is that 
these requirements will only become more stringent.

An inability to meet applicable regulatory capital requirements in the longer term due to factors beyond our 
control may lead to intervention by a relevant regulator which, in the interests of customer security, may require us to 
take steps to restore regulatory capital to acceptable levels, potentially by requiring us to raise additional funds through 
financings  or  to  reduce  or  cease  to  write  new  business. To  the  extent  we  are  required  to  raise  additional  external 
funding in the longer term, macroeconomic factors could impact our ability to access the capital markets and the bank 
funding market and the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations to us.

To the extent that cash flows generated by our operations are insufficient to fund future operating requirements, 
or that our capital position is adversely impacted by a decline in the fair value of our investment portfolio, losses from 
catastrophic events or otherwise, we may need to raise additional funds through financings or curtail our growth. Any 
further equity or debt financings, or capacity needed for letters of credit, if available at all, may be on terms that are 
unfavorable to us. Our ability to raise such capital successfully would depend upon the facts and circumstances at 
the time, including our financial position and operating results, market conditions, and applicable legal issues. If we 
are unable to obtain adequate capital when needed, our business, results of operations and financial condition would 
be adversely affected. We also may be required to liquidate fixed maturities or equity securities, which may result in 
realized investment losses.

Our access to capital may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against 
us. Our inability to obtain adequate capital when needed could have a negative impact on our ability to invest in, or take 
advantage of opportunities to expand our businesses, such as possible acquisitions or the creation of new ventures. Any 
of these effects could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our ability to write new business successfully, 
deploy capital into more profitable business lines, identify acquisition opportunities, manage investments and preserve 
capital in volatile markets, and establish premium rates and reserves at levels sufficient to cover losses. Our operations 
are subject to significant volatility in capital due to our exposure to potentially significant catastrophic events. We 
monitor our capital adequacy on an ongoing basis. To the extent our funds are insufficient to fund future operating 
requirements or cover claims losses, we may need to raise additional funds through corporate finance transactions 
or curtail our growth and reduce our liabilities. Any such financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are not 
favorable  to  us.  Our  ability  to  raise  such  capital  successfully  would  depend  upon  the  facts  and  circumstances  at 
the time, including our financial position and operating results, market conditions and applicable regulatory filings 
and legal issues. If we cannot obtain adequate capital on favorable terms, or obtain it at all, our business, financial 
condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, and we may face damage to our reputation or 
legal liability as a result.

In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in lawsuits, arbitrations and other formal and informal dispute 
resolution procedures in a variety of jurisdictions, the outcomes of which will determine our rights and obligations 
under  insurance,  reinsurance  and  other  contractual  agreements  or  under  tort  laws  or  other  legal  obligations. Any 
lawsuit brought against us or legal proceeding that we may bring to enforce our rights could result in substantial costs, 
divert the time and attention of our management, result in counterclaims (whether meritorious or as a litigation tactic), 
result in substantial monetary judgments or settlement costs and harm our reputation, any of which could seriously 
harm our business.

From time to time, we may institute or be named as a defendant in legal proceedings, and we may be a claimant 

or respondent in arbitration proceedings. These proceedings have in the past involved, and may in the future involve, 

coverage or other disputes with ceding companies, disputes with parties to which we transfer risk under reinsurance 

arrangements,  disputes  with  other  counterparties  or  other  matters.  We  are  also  involved,  from  time  to  time,  in 

investigations and regulatory proceedings, certain of which could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines and 

other outcomes. We could also be subject to litigation risks arising from potential employee misconduct, including 

non-compliance  with  internal  policies  and  procedures. We  cannot  determine  with  any  certainty  what  new  theories 

of recovery may evolve or what their impact may be on our business. Multi-party or class action claims may present 

additional exposure to substantial economic, non-economic or punitive damage awards. The loss of even one of these 

claims, if it results in a significant damage award or a judicial ruling that was otherwise detrimental, could create a 

precedent in the industry that affects a great many future or unrelated claims and so could have a material adverse 

effect on our operating results and financial condition.

We are not currently subject to any pending litigation which individually or in the aggregate would reasonably 

be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, in 

the future, substantial legal liability could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of 

operations, and could cause significant reputational harm.

Information technology systems that we use could fail or suffer a security breach, which could have a material 

adverse effect on us or result in the loss of sensitive information.

Our business is dependent upon the operational effectiveness and security of our enterprise systems and those 

maintained  by  third  parties.  Among  other  things,  we  rely  on  these  systems  to  interact  with  producers,  insureds, 

customers, clients, and other third parties, to perform actuarial and other modeling functions, to underwrite business, 

to  prepare  policies  and  process  premiums,  to  process  claims  and  make  claims  payments,  to  prepare  internal  and 

external financial statements and information, as well as to engage in a wide variety of other business activities. A 

significant failure of our enterprise systems, or those of third parties upon which we may rely, whether because of 

a  natural  disaster,  network  outage  or  a  cyber-attack  on  our  systems,  could  compromise  our  personal,  confidential 

and proprietary information as well as that of our customers and business partners, impede or interrupt our business 

operations and result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, loss of revenue, additional regulatory 

scrutiny and fines, litigation and monetary and reputational damages.

In addition, our computer systems and network infrastructure present security risks and could be susceptible to 

hacking, computer viruses, data breaches, or ransomware attacks. Any such failure could affect our operations and 

could materially adversely affect our results of operations by requiring us to expend significant resources to correct the 

defect, as well as by exposing us to litigation or losses not covered by insurance. Although we have business continuity 

plans and other safeguards in place, our business operations may be materially adversely affected by significant and 

widespread disruption to our physical infrastructure or operating systems and those of third-party service providers 

that support our business.

Our  operations  rely  on  the  secure  processing,  transmission  and  storage  of  confidential  information  in  our 

computer systems and networks and the cloud. Our technologies, systems and networks may become the target of 

cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, 

misuse, loss or destruction of our or our insureds’ or reinsureds’ confidential, proprietary and other information, 

or otherwise disrupt our or our insureds’, reinsureds’ or other third-parties’ business operations, which in turn may 

result in legal claims, regulatory scrutiny and liability, reputational damage, the incurrence of costs to eliminate or 

mitigate further exposure and the loss of customers. Although to date we have not experienced any material losses 

relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer 

such losses in the future. While we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information technology 

networks and related systems, and have implemented various measures and an incident response protocol to manage 

the risk of, or respond to, a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and 

measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. 

Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of 

these threats and the outsourcing of some of our business operations. As a result, cyber-security and the continued 

development and enhancement of our controls, processes and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, 

31

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We may not be able to raise capital in the long term on favorable terms or at all.

Each of our regulated underwriting entities is required to meet stipulated regulatory capital requirements. These 

include capital requirements imposed by the UK PRA, the MFSA and the BMA.

While  the  specific  regulatory  capital  requirements  vary  between  jurisdictions,  under  applicable  regulatory 

regimes, required capital can be impacted by items such as line of business mix, product type, underwriting premium 

volume  and  reserves. The  regulatory  capital  requirements  that  we  may  have  to  comply  with  are  subject  to  change 

due  to  factors  beyond  our  control.  In  general,  regulatory  capital  requirements  are  expected  to  evolve  over  time  as 

regulators continue to respond to demands for tighter controls over financial institutions, and the expectation is that 

these requirements will only become more stringent.

An inability to meet applicable regulatory capital requirements in the longer term due to factors beyond our 

control may lead to intervention by a relevant regulator which, in the interests of customer security, may require us to 

take steps to restore regulatory capital to acceptable levels, potentially by requiring us to raise additional funds through 

financings  or  to  reduce  or  cease  to  write  new  business. To  the  extent  we  are  required  to  raise  additional  external 

funding in the longer term, macroeconomic factors could impact our ability to access the capital markets and the bank 

funding market and the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations to us.

To the extent that cash flows generated by our operations are insufficient to fund future operating requirements, 

or that our capital position is adversely impacted by a decline in the fair value of our investment portfolio, losses from 

catastrophic events or otherwise, we may need to raise additional funds through financings or curtail our growth. Any 

further equity or debt financings, or capacity needed for letters of credit, if available at all, may be on terms that are 

unfavorable to us. Our ability to raise such capital successfully would depend upon the facts and circumstances at 

the time, including our financial position and operating results, market conditions, and applicable legal issues. If we 

are unable to obtain adequate capital when needed, our business, results of operations and financial condition would 

be adversely affected. We also may be required to liquidate fixed maturities or equity securities, which may result in 

realized investment losses.

Our access to capital may be impaired if regulatory authorities or rating agencies take negative actions against 

us. Our inability to obtain adequate capital when needed could have a negative impact on our ability to invest in, or take 

advantage of opportunities to expand our businesses, such as possible acquisitions or the creation of new ventures. Any 

of these effects could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our future capital requirements depend on many factors, including our ability to write new business successfully, 

deploy capital into more profitable business lines, identify acquisition opportunities, manage investments and preserve 

capital in volatile markets, and establish premium rates and reserves at levels sufficient to cover losses. Our operations 

are subject to significant volatility in capital due to our exposure to potentially significant catastrophic events. We 

monitor our capital adequacy on an ongoing basis. To the extent our funds are insufficient to fund future operating 

requirements or cover claims losses, we may need to raise additional funds through corporate finance transactions 

or curtail our growth and reduce our liabilities. Any such financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are not 

favorable  to  us.  Our  ability  to  raise  such  capital  successfully  would  depend  upon  the  facts  and  circumstances  at 

the time, including our financial position and operating results, market conditions and applicable regulatory filings 

and legal issues. If we cannot obtain adequate capital on favorable terms, or obtain it at all, our business, financial 

condition and operating results could be adversely affected.

We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, and we may face damage to our reputation or 

legal liability as a result.

In the ordinary course of business, we are involved in lawsuits, arbitrations and other formal and informal dispute 

resolution procedures in a variety of jurisdictions, the outcomes of which will determine our rights and obligations 

under  insurance,  reinsurance  and  other  contractual  agreements  or  under  tort  laws  or  other  legal  obligations. Any 

lawsuit brought against us or legal proceeding that we may bring to enforce our rights could result in substantial costs, 

divert the time and attention of our management, result in counterclaims (whether meritorious or as a litigation tactic), 

result in substantial monetary judgments or settlement costs and harm our reputation, any of which could seriously 

harm our business.

From time to time, we may institute or be named as a defendant in legal proceedings, and we may be a claimant 
or respondent in arbitration proceedings. These proceedings have in the past involved, and may in the future involve, 
coverage or other disputes with ceding companies, disputes with parties to which we transfer risk under reinsurance 
arrangements,  disputes  with  other  counterparties  or  other  matters.  We  are  also  involved,  from  time  to  time,  in 
investigations and regulatory proceedings, certain of which could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines and 
other outcomes. We could also be subject to litigation risks arising from potential employee misconduct, including 
non-compliance  with  internal  policies  and  procedures. We  cannot  determine  with  any  certainty  what  new  theories 
of recovery may evolve or what their impact may be on our business. Multi-party or class action claims may present 
additional exposure to substantial economic, non-economic or punitive damage awards. The loss of even one of these 
claims, if it results in a significant damage award or a judicial ruling that was otherwise detrimental, could create a 
precedent in the industry that affects a great many future or unrelated claims and so could have a material adverse 
effect on our operating results and financial condition.

We are not currently subject to any pending litigation which individually or in the aggregate would reasonably 
be expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. However, in 
the future, substantial legal liability could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of 
operations, and could cause significant reputational harm.

Information technology systems that we use could fail or suffer a security breach, which could have a material 
adverse effect on us or result in the loss of sensitive information.

Our business is dependent upon the operational effectiveness and security of our enterprise systems and those 
maintained  by  third  parties.  Among  other  things,  we  rely  on  these  systems  to  interact  with  producers,  insureds, 
customers, clients, and other third parties, to perform actuarial and other modeling functions, to underwrite business, 
to  prepare  policies  and  process  premiums,  to  process  claims  and  make  claims  payments,  to  prepare  internal  and 
external financial statements and information, as well as to engage in a wide variety of other business activities. A 
significant failure of our enterprise systems, or those of third parties upon which we may rely, whether because of 
a  natural  disaster,  network  outage  or  a  cyber-attack  on  our  systems,  could  compromise  our  personal,  confidential 
and proprietary information as well as that of our customers and business partners, impede or interrupt our business 
operations and result in other negative consequences, including remediation costs, loss of revenue, additional regulatory 
scrutiny and fines, litigation and monetary and reputational damages.

In addition, our computer systems and network infrastructure present security risks and could be susceptible to 
hacking, computer viruses, data breaches, or ransomware attacks. Any such failure could affect our operations and 
could materially adversely affect our results of operations by requiring us to expend significant resources to correct the 
defect, as well as by exposing us to litigation or losses not covered by insurance. Although we have business continuity 
plans and other safeguards in place, our business operations may be materially adversely affected by significant and 
widespread disruption to our physical infrastructure or operating systems and those of third-party service providers 
that support our business.

Our  operations  rely  on  the  secure  processing,  transmission  and  storage  of  confidential  information  in  our 
computer systems and networks and the cloud. Our technologies, systems and networks may become the target of 
cyber-attacks or information security breaches that could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, 
misuse, loss or destruction of our or our insureds’ or reinsureds’ confidential, proprietary and other information, 
or otherwise disrupt our or our insureds’, reinsureds’ or other third-parties’ business operations, which in turn may 
result in legal claims, regulatory scrutiny and liability, reputational damage, the incurrence of costs to eliminate or 
mitigate further exposure and the loss of customers. Although to date we have not experienced any material losses 
relating to cyber-attacks or other information security breaches, there can be no assurance that we will not suffer 
such losses in the future. While we make efforts to maintain the security and integrity of our information technology 
networks and related systems, and have implemented various measures and an incident response protocol to manage 
the risk of, or respond to, a security breach or disruption, there can be no assurance that our security efforts and 
measures will be effective or that attempted security breaches or disruptions would not be successful or damaging. 
Our risk and exposure to these matters remains heightened because of, among other things, the evolving nature of 
these threats and the outsourcing of some of our business operations. As a result, cyber-security and the continued 
development and enhancement of our controls, processes and practices designed to protect our systems, computers, 

31

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54

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority. As cyber-threats continue 
to  evolve,  we  may  be  required  to  expend  significant  additional  resources  to  continue  to  modify  or  enhance  our 
protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Although we have implemented controls and have taken protective actions to reduce the risk of an enterprise 
failure and protect against a security breach, such measures may be insufficient to prevent, or mitigate the effects of, 
a global natural disaster, cyber-attack, or other disruption on our systems that could result in liability to us, cause our 
data to be corrupted or stolen and cause us to commit resources, management time and money to prevent or correct 
those failures.

Moreover, employee or agent negligence, error or misconduct may be difficult to detect and prevent, and could 

materially adversely affect our operations.

It is not always possible for us to prevent or detect employee or agent negligence, error and misconduct and 
the precautions taken to prevent or detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Resultant losses could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on our ability to process a large number of increasingly complex transactions. If any of 
our operational, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could 
be materially adversely affected. Moreover, third parties with whom we do business, including vendors that provide 
services  or  security  solutions  for  our  operations,  could  also  be  sources  of  operational  and  information  security 
risk to us, including from breakdowns, failures, or capacity constraints of their own systems or employees. Any 
of these occurrences could diminish our ability to operate our business, or cause financial loss, potential liability 
to insureds, inability to secure insurance, reputational damage or regulatory intervention, which could materially 
adversely affect us.

Disruptions  or  failures  in  the  physical  infrastructure  or  operating  systems  that  support  our  business  and 
customers, or cyber-attacks or security breaches of the networks, systems or devices that our customers use to access 
our products and services, could result in customer attrition, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational 
damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs, any of which could materially 
adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by an unexpected accumulation of attritional losses.

In  addition  to  our  exposures  to  catastrophes  and  other  large  losses  as  discussed  above,  our  operating  results 
may be adversely affected by unexpectedly large accumulations of attritional losses. Attritional losses are defined as 
losses from claims excluding catastrophes and large one-off claims. We seek to manage this risk by using appropriate 
underwriting  processes  to  guide  the  pricing,  terms  and  acceptance  of  risks. These  processes,  which  may  include 
pricing models, are intended to ensure that premiums received are sufficient to cover the expected levels of attritional 
losses and a contribution to the cost of catastrophes and large losses where necessary. However, it is possible that 
our underwriting approaches or our pricing models may not work as intended and that actual losses from a class of 
risks may be greater than expected. Our pricing models are also subject to the same limitations as the models used to 
assess our exposure to catastrophe losses noted above. Accordingly, these factors could adversely impact our business, 
financial condition and/or results of operations.

We are dependent on the use of third-party software and data, and any reduction in third-party product quality 
or any failure to comply with our licensing requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, 
financial condition or results of operations.

We rely on third-party software and data in connection with our underwriting, claims, investment, accounting 
and finance activity. We depend on the ability of third-party software and data providers to deliver and support reliable 
products, enhance their current products, develop new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, and respond to 
emerging  industry  standards  and  other  technological  changes. Third-party  software  and  data  we  use  may  become 
obsolete or incompatible with versions of products that we will be using in the future, or may lead to temporary or 
permanent data loss when upgraded to newer versions.

We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software in the future. Although we believe that 

there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be 

the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace such software. In addition, integration of new third-party software 

may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Our use of additional or 

alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, which may not be 

available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Many of the risks associated with the use of third-party software 

cannot be eliminated, and these risks could negatively affect our business.

We also monitor our use of third-party software and data to comply with applicable license requirements. Despite 

our efforts, such third parties may challenge our use of such software and data, resulting in loss of rights or costly legal 

actions. Our business could be materially adversely affected if we are not able, on a timely basis, to effectively replace 

the functionality provided by software or data that becomes unavailable or fails to operate effectively for any reason. 

Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are unable to keep pace with the technological advancements in the insurance industry, our ability to compete 

effectively could be impaired.

We are committed to developing and maintaining information technology systems that will allow our insurance 

subsidiaries to compete effectively. There can be no assurance that the development of current technology for future use 

will not result in our being competitively disadvantaged, especially with those carriers that have greater resources. If we 

are unable to keep pace with the advancements being made in technology, our ability to compete with other insurance 

companies who have advanced technological capabilities will be negatively affected. Further, if we are unable to effectively 

execute and update or replace our key legacy technology systems as they become obsolete or as emerging technology 

renders them competitively inefficient, our competitive position and cost structure could be adversely affected.

Compliance with laws and regulations governing the processing of personal data and information may impede our 

services or result in increased costs. The failure to comply with such data privacy laws and regulations could result 

in material fines or penalties imposed by data protection or financial services conduct regulators and/or awards of 

civil damages and any data breach may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations or 

financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.

Our business relies on the processing of data in many jurisdictions and the movement of data across national 

borders. The collection, storage, handling, disclosure, use, transfer and security of personal information that occurs 

in connection with our business is subject to federal, state and foreign data privacy laws. These legal requirements 

are not uniform and continue to evolve, and regulatory scrutiny in this area is increasing around the world. In many 

cases, these laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information among us and our 

subsidiaries. Privacy and data protection laws may be interpreted and applied differently from country to country and 

may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements.

One leading data protection law is the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which came into force 

throughout the EU in May 2018 and has extra-territorial effect. The GDPR applies not only to companies in the EU 

but also to companies anywhere in the world that collect personal data from individuals in the EU in connection with 

offering goods or services to such individuals or monitoring their behavior in the EU. It also imposes obligations on EU 

companies processing data of non-EU citizens. The GDPR imposes extensive requirements regarding the processing 

of personal data and confers rights on data subjects including the “right to be forgotten” and the right to “portability” 

of personal data. The GDPR imposes significant punishments for non-compliance which could result in a penalty of 

up to 4% of a company’s global annual revenue. Many other jurisdictions around the world also have enacted privacy 

and data protection laws, and these laws continue to evolve and expand.

Compliance with the enhanced obligations imposed by the GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws 

requires  investment  in  appropriate  technical  or  organizational  measures  to  safeguard  the  rights  and  freedoms  of 

data subjects, which may result in significant costs to our business and may require us from time to time to further 

amend certain of our business practices. Enforcement actions, investigations and the imposition of substantial fines 

and  penalties  by  regulatory  authorities  as  a  result  of  data  security  incidents  and  privacy  violations  have  increased 

dramatically in recent years. The enactment of more restrictive laws, rules, regulations, or future enforcement actions 

or investigations could impact us through increased costs or restrictions on our business, and noncompliance could 

result in regulatory penalties, significant legal liability, and reputational damage and cause us to lose business.

33

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023software, data and networks from attack, damage or unauthorized access remain a priority. As cyber-threats continue 

to  evolve,  we  may  be  required  to  expend  significant  additional  resources  to  continue  to  modify  or  enhance  our 

protective measures or to investigate and remediate any information security vulnerabilities.

Although we have implemented controls and have taken protective actions to reduce the risk of an enterprise 

failure and protect against a security breach, such measures may be insufficient to prevent, or mitigate the effects of, 

a global natural disaster, cyber-attack, or other disruption on our systems that could result in liability to us, cause our 

data to be corrupted or stolen and cause us to commit resources, management time and money to prevent or correct 

those failures.

Moreover, employee or agent negligence, error or misconduct may be difficult to detect and prevent, and could 

materially adversely affect our operations.

It is not always possible for us to prevent or detect employee or agent negligence, error and misconduct and 

the precautions taken to prevent or detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. Resultant losses could have a 

material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business depends on our ability to process a large number of increasingly complex transactions. If any of 

our operational, accounting, or other data processing systems fail or have other significant shortcomings, we could 

be materially adversely affected. Moreover, third parties with whom we do business, including vendors that provide 

services  or  security  solutions  for  our  operations,  could  also  be  sources  of  operational  and  information  security 

risk to us, including from breakdowns, failures, or capacity constraints of their own systems or employees. Any 

of these occurrences could diminish our ability to operate our business, or cause financial loss, potential liability 

to insureds, inability to secure insurance, reputational damage or regulatory intervention, which could materially 

adversely affect us.

Disruptions  or  failures  in  the  physical  infrastructure  or  operating  systems  that  support  our  business  and 

customers, or cyber-attacks or security breaches of the networks, systems or devices that our customers use to access 

our products and services, could result in customer attrition, regulatory fines, penalties or intervention, reputational 

damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs, any of which could materially 

adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

Our operating results may be adversely affected by an unexpected accumulation of attritional losses.

In  addition  to  our  exposures  to  catastrophes  and  other  large  losses  as  discussed  above,  our  operating  results 

may be adversely affected by unexpectedly large accumulations of attritional losses. Attritional losses are defined as 

losses from claims excluding catastrophes and large one-off claims. We seek to manage this risk by using appropriate 

underwriting  processes  to  guide  the  pricing,  terms  and  acceptance  of  risks. These  processes,  which  may  include 

pricing models, are intended to ensure that premiums received are sufficient to cover the expected levels of attritional 

losses and a contribution to the cost of catastrophes and large losses where necessary. However, it is possible that 

our underwriting approaches or our pricing models may not work as intended and that actual losses from a class of 

risks may be greater than expected. Our pricing models are also subject to the same limitations as the models used to 

assess our exposure to catastrophe losses noted above. Accordingly, these factors could adversely impact our business, 

financial condition and/or results of operations.

We are dependent on the use of third-party software and data, and any reduction in third-party product quality 

or any failure to comply with our licensing requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business, 

financial condition or results of operations.

We rely on third-party software and data in connection with our underwriting, claims, investment, accounting 

and finance activity. We depend on the ability of third-party software and data providers to deliver and support reliable 

products, enhance their current products, develop new products on a timely and cost-effective basis, and respond to 

emerging  industry  standards  and  other  technological  changes. Third-party  software  and  data  we  use  may  become 

obsolete or incompatible with versions of products that we will be using in the future, or may lead to temporary or 

permanent data loss when upgraded to newer versions.

We anticipate that we will continue to rely on such third-party software in the future. Although we believe that 
there are commercially reasonable alternatives to the third-party software we currently license, this may not always be 
the case, or it may be difficult or costly to replace such software. In addition, integration of new third-party software 
may require significant work and require substantial investment of our time and resources. Our use of additional or 
alternative third-party software would require us to enter into license agreements with third parties, which may not be 
available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Many of the risks associated with the use of third-party software 
cannot be eliminated, and these risks could negatively affect our business.

We also monitor our use of third-party software and data to comply with applicable license requirements. Despite 
our efforts, such third parties may challenge our use of such software and data, resulting in loss of rights or costly legal 
actions. Our business could be materially adversely affected if we are not able, on a timely basis, to effectively replace 
the functionality provided by software or data that becomes unavailable or fails to operate effectively for any reason. 
Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

If we are unable to keep pace with the technological advancements in the insurance industry, our ability to compete 
effectively could be impaired.

We are committed to developing and maintaining information technology systems that will allow our insurance 
subsidiaries to compete effectively. There can be no assurance that the development of current technology for future use 
will not result in our being competitively disadvantaged, especially with those carriers that have greater resources. If we 
are unable to keep pace with the advancements being made in technology, our ability to compete with other insurance 
companies who have advanced technological capabilities will be negatively affected. Further, if we are unable to effectively 
execute and update or replace our key legacy technology systems as they become obsolete or as emerging technology 
renders them competitively inefficient, our competitive position and cost structure could be adversely affected.

Compliance with laws and regulations governing the processing of personal data and information may impede our 
services or result in increased costs. The failure to comply with such data privacy laws and regulations could result 
in material fines or penalties imposed by data protection or financial services conduct regulators and/or awards of 
civil damages and any data breach may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, results of operations or 
financial condition, or have other adverse consequences.

Our business relies on the processing of data in many jurisdictions and the movement of data across national 
borders. The collection, storage, handling, disclosure, use, transfer and security of personal information that occurs 
in connection with our business is subject to federal, state and foreign data privacy laws. These legal requirements 
are not uniform and continue to evolve, and regulatory scrutiny in this area is increasing around the world. In many 
cases, these laws apply not only to third-party transactions, but also to transfers of information among us and our 
subsidiaries. Privacy and data protection laws may be interpreted and applied differently from country to country and 
may create inconsistent or conflicting requirements.

One leading data protection law is the General Data Protection Regulation (the “GDPR”), which came into force 
throughout the EU in May 2018 and has extra-territorial effect. The GDPR applies not only to companies in the EU 
but also to companies anywhere in the world that collect personal data from individuals in the EU in connection with 
offering goods or services to such individuals or monitoring their behavior in the EU. It also imposes obligations on EU 
companies processing data of non-EU citizens. The GDPR imposes extensive requirements regarding the processing 
of personal data and confers rights on data subjects including the “right to be forgotten” and the right to “portability” 
of personal data. The GDPR imposes significant punishments for non-compliance which could result in a penalty of 
up to 4% of a company’s global annual revenue. Many other jurisdictions around the world also have enacted privacy 
and data protection laws, and these laws continue to evolve and expand.

Compliance with the enhanced obligations imposed by the GDPR and other privacy and data protection laws 
requires  investment  in  appropriate  technical  or  organizational  measures  to  safeguard  the  rights  and  freedoms  of 
data subjects, which may result in significant costs to our business and may require us from time to time to further 
amend certain of our business practices. Enforcement actions, investigations and the imposition of substantial fines 
and  penalties  by  regulatory  authorities  as  a  result  of  data  security  incidents  and  privacy  violations  have  increased 
dramatically in recent years. The enactment of more restrictive laws, rules, regulations, or future enforcement actions 
or investigations could impact us through increased costs or restrictions on our business, and noncompliance could 
result in regulatory penalties, significant legal liability, and reputational damage and cause us to lose business.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          In addition, unauthorized disclosure or transfer of sensitive or confidential client or Company data, whether 
through systems failure, employee negligence, fraud or misappropriation, by us or other parties with whom we do 
business,  could  subject  us  to  significant  litigation,  monetary  damages,  regulatory  enforcement  actions,  fines  and 
criminal prosecution in one or more jurisdictions. Such events could also result in negative publicity and damage to 
our reputation and cause us to lose business, which could therefore have a material adverse effect on our results of 
operations.

We are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results.

We are exposed to currency risk mainly on insurance written premiums and incurred claims that are denominated 
in a currency other than our functional currency. The currencies in which these transactions are primarily denominated 
are  Sterling  (GBP),  euro  (EUR)  and  the  Australian  Dollar  (AUD).  As  a  significant  portion  of  our  transactions 
are  denominated  in  U.S.  Dollar,  this  reduces  currency  risk.  Intra-group  transactions  are  primarily  denominated  in 
U.S. Dollar.

Part of our monetary assets and liabilities are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency 
and are subject to risks associated with currency exchange fluctuation. We reduce some of this currency exposure by 
maintaining some of our bank balances in foreign currencies in which some of our insurance payables are denominated.

We are exposed to changes in exchange rates arising from the mismatch of cash flows due to currency exchange 

fluctuations.

We are also subject to currency translation risk, which arises from the translation into our functional currency 
for reporting purposes of income from operations conducted in other currencies, which can cause volatility in reported 
earnings from our business conducted overseas and translation gains and losses. In preparing our financial statements, 
we use period-end rates to translate all monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies in the balance sheet to our 
functional currency and presentational currency. The non-monetary assets and liabilities, namely unearned premium 
reserves, loss reserves and deferred acquisition costs, are measured at fair value and translated using the exchange 
rates as of the date of the measurement of fair value.

We write business on a worldwide basis, and our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the 
value  of  currencies  other  than  the  U.S.  Dollar. The  primary  foreign  currencies  in  which  we  operate  are  the  euro, 
Sterling and the Australian Dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce our revenues, increase our 
liabilities and costs and cause fluctuations in the valuation of our investment portfolio. We may therefore suffer losses 
solely as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. In order to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in 
our net insurance liabilities, we have invested and expect to continue to invest in securities denominated in currencies 
other than the U.S. Dollar. In addition, we may replicate investment positions in foreign currencies using derivative 
financial instruments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage these risks effectively or that they will not 
have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

If actual renewals of our existing policies and contracts do not meet expectations, our gross written premiums in 
future fiscal periods and our future operating results could be materially adversely affected.

A majority of our insurance policies and reinsurance contracts are for a one-year term. We make assumptions 
about the renewal rate and pricing of the prior year’s policies and contracts in our financial forecasting process. If 
actual renewals do not meet expectations, our gross written premiums in future fiscal periods and our future operating 
results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our efforts to expand in targeted geographical markets and lines of business may not be successful and may create 
enhanced risks.

A  number  of  our  planned  business  initiatives  involve  expanding  in  targeted  geographical  markets  and  lines 
of  business. To  develop  new  markets  and  business  lines,  we  may  need  to  make  substantial  capital  and  operating 
expenditures, which may adversely affect our results in the near term. In addition, the demand for our products in new 
markets and lines of business may not meet our expectations. To the extent we are able to expand in new markets and 
business lines, our risk exposures may change and the data and models we use to manage such exposures may not be 
as sophisticated as those we use in existing markets and business lines. This, in turn, could lead to losses in excess of 
expectations. Moreover, we are considering setting up new offices and increasing staff at existing offices as part of our 

growth strategy. Such growth, which may include hiring additional underwriters, could make it more difficult for us to 

monitor and enforce compliance with internal underwriting authorities, limits and controls. We cannot be certain that 

we will be successful or identify attractive targets in these new markets.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

Our main holding is our ownership of IGI Dubai (and, indirectly, IGI Dubai’s subsidiaries) and such ownership 

may not be sufficient to pay dividends or make distributions or loans to enable us to pay any dividends on our 

common shares or satisfy other financial obligations.

We are a holding company and do not directly own any operating assets other than our ownership of interests 

in IGI Dubai. We depend on IGI Dubai for distributions, loans and other payments to generate the funds necessary to 

meet our financial obligations, including our expenses as a publicly traded company and to pay any dividends. The 

earnings from, or other available assets of, IGI Dubai may not be sufficient to make distributions or pay dividends, pay 

expenses or satisfy our other financial obligations.

Additionally, our primary operating subsidiary is IGI Bermuda, which is subject to Bermuda regulatory constraints 

that affect its ability to pay dividends on its common shares and make other distributions. Under the Insurance Act, 

and related regulations, IGI Bermuda, as a Class 3B insurer, is required to maintain certain minimum capital, liquidity 

and solvency levels and is prohibited from declaring or paying dividends that would result in noncompliance with this 

requirement. In addition, a Class 3B insurer is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends, in any financial year 

which would exceed 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus, as shown on its previous financial year statutory 

balance sheet, unless at least seven days before payment of those dividends it files an affidavit with the BMA signed 

by at least two directors and by its principal representative in Bermuda, which states in the opinion of those signing, 

the declaration of those dividends will not cause the insurer to fail to meet its required solvency margin and minimum 

liquidity ratio. Further, with respect to the distribution of any contributed surplus, a Class 3B insurer must also submit 

an affidavit and obtain the BMA’s prior approval before reducing its total statutory capital as shown in its previous year 

statutory balance sheet by 15% or more.

We are subject to numerous rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq by virtue of being a publicly reporting 

company in the U.S.

Since  March  2020,  IGI  has  been  subject  to  numerous  rules,  regulations,  corporate  governance  requirements 

and  other  reporting  obligations  in  the  U.S.  by  virtue  of  being  a  publicly  reporting  company  listed  on  Nasdaq  in  the 

U.S.  These  include  numerous  rules,  regulations  and  requirements  adopted  by  the  SEC  pursuant  to  the  Securities 

Exchange Act of 1934, as amended the (“Exchange Act”) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley 

Act”)  and  rules  and  regulations  adopted  by  Nasdaq.  The  significant  regulatory  oversight  and  reporting  obligations 

imposed on public companies require substantial attention from our senior management and from time to time could 

divert attention away from the day-to-day management of our businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on 

our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, corporate governance obligations, including with 

respect to the development and implementation of appropriate corporate governance policies, and concurrent service on 

the board of directors and possibly multiple board committees, impose additional burdens on our non-executive directors.

As  a  result  of  these  regulatory  requirements,  we  have  incurred  higher  costs  associated  with  being  a  public 

company,  including  significant  additional  legal,  compliance,  accounting,  reporting,  insurance  and  other  applicable 

costs following completion of the Business Combination. This includes hiring of more employees or engaging outside 

consultants to comply with these requirements.

The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been 

increasing. We may need to hire more employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, 

which will increase our costs and expenses. Being a public company could make it more difficult or costly for us to 

obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept 

reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. Being a 

public company could also make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve 

on  our  board  of  directors,  board  committees  or  as  executive  officers.  Furthermore,  if  we  are  unable  to  satisfy  our 

obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common shares, SEC enforcement actions, 

fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation brought by shareholders or the SEC.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023In addition, unauthorized disclosure or transfer of sensitive or confidential client or Company data, whether 

through systems failure, employee negligence, fraud or misappropriation, by us or other parties with whom we do 

business,  could  subject  us  to  significant  litigation,  monetary  damages,  regulatory  enforcement  actions,  fines  and 

criminal prosecution in one or more jurisdictions. Such events could also result in negative publicity and damage to 

our reputation and cause us to lose business, which could therefore have a material adverse effect on our results of 

operations.

U.S. Dollar.

fluctuations.

We are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates which may adversely affect our operating results.

We are exposed to currency risk mainly on insurance written premiums and incurred claims that are denominated 

in a currency other than our functional currency. The currencies in which these transactions are primarily denominated 

are  Sterling  (GBP),  euro  (EUR)  and  the  Australian  Dollar  (AUD).  As  a  significant  portion  of  our  transactions 

are  denominated  in  U.S.  Dollar,  this  reduces  currency  risk.  Intra-group  transactions  are  primarily  denominated  in 

Part of our monetary assets and liabilities are denominated in a currency other than our functional currency 

and are subject to risks associated with currency exchange fluctuation. We reduce some of this currency exposure by 

maintaining some of our bank balances in foreign currencies in which some of our insurance payables are denominated.

We are exposed to changes in exchange rates arising from the mismatch of cash flows due to currency exchange 

We are also subject to currency translation risk, which arises from the translation into our functional currency 

for reporting purposes of income from operations conducted in other currencies, which can cause volatility in reported 

earnings from our business conducted overseas and translation gains and losses. In preparing our financial statements, 

we use period-end rates to translate all monetary assets and liabilities in foreign currencies in the balance sheet to our 

functional currency and presentational currency. The non-monetary assets and liabilities, namely unearned premium 

reserves, loss reserves and deferred acquisition costs, are measured at fair value and translated using the exchange 

rates as of the date of the measurement of fair value.

We write business on a worldwide basis, and our results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the 

value  of  currencies  other  than  the  U.S.  Dollar. The  primary  foreign  currencies  in  which  we  operate  are  the  euro, 

Sterling and the Australian Dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may reduce our revenues, increase our 

liabilities and costs and cause fluctuations in the valuation of our investment portfolio. We may therefore suffer losses 

solely as a result of exchange rate fluctuations. In order to mitigate our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations in 

our net insurance liabilities, we have invested and expect to continue to invest in securities denominated in currencies 

other than the U.S. Dollar. In addition, we may replicate investment positions in foreign currencies using derivative 

financial instruments. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage these risks effectively or that they will not 

have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

If actual renewals of our existing policies and contracts do not meet expectations, our gross written premiums in 

future fiscal periods and our future operating results could be materially adversely affected.

A majority of our insurance policies and reinsurance contracts are for a one-year term. We make assumptions 

about the renewal rate and pricing of the prior year’s policies and contracts in our financial forecasting process. If 

actual renewals do not meet expectations, our gross written premiums in future fiscal periods and our future operating 

results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our efforts to expand in targeted geographical markets and lines of business may not be successful and may create 

enhanced risks.

A  number  of  our  planned  business  initiatives  involve  expanding  in  targeted  geographical  markets  and  lines 

of  business. To  develop  new  markets  and  business  lines,  we  may  need  to  make  substantial  capital  and  operating 

expenditures, which may adversely affect our results in the near term. In addition, the demand for our products in new 

markets and lines of business may not meet our expectations. To the extent we are able to expand in new markets and 

business lines, our risk exposures may change and the data and models we use to manage such exposures may not be 

as sophisticated as those we use in existing markets and business lines. This, in turn, could lead to losses in excess of 

expectations. Moreover, we are considering setting up new offices and increasing staff at existing offices as part of our 

growth strategy. Such growth, which may include hiring additional underwriters, could make it more difficult for us to 
monitor and enforce compliance with internal underwriting authorities, limits and controls. We cannot be certain that 
we will be successful or identify attractive targets in these new markets.

Risks Relating to Ownership of Our Securities

Our main holding is our ownership of IGI Dubai (and, indirectly, IGI Dubai’s subsidiaries) and such ownership 
may not be sufficient to pay dividends or make distributions or loans to enable us to pay any dividends on our 
common shares or satisfy other financial obligations.

We are a holding company and do not directly own any operating assets other than our ownership of interests 
in IGI Dubai. We depend on IGI Dubai for distributions, loans and other payments to generate the funds necessary to 
meet our financial obligations, including our expenses as a publicly traded company and to pay any dividends. The 
earnings from, or other available assets of, IGI Dubai may not be sufficient to make distributions or pay dividends, pay 
expenses or satisfy our other financial obligations.

Additionally, our primary operating subsidiary is IGI Bermuda, which is subject to Bermuda regulatory constraints 
that affect its ability to pay dividends on its common shares and make other distributions. Under the Insurance Act, 
and related regulations, IGI Bermuda, as a Class 3B insurer, is required to maintain certain minimum capital, liquidity 
and solvency levels and is prohibited from declaring or paying dividends that would result in noncompliance with this 
requirement. In addition, a Class 3B insurer is prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends, in any financial year 
which would exceed 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus, as shown on its previous financial year statutory 
balance sheet, unless at least seven days before payment of those dividends it files an affidavit with the BMA signed 
by at least two directors and by its principal representative in Bermuda, which states in the opinion of those signing, 
the declaration of those dividends will not cause the insurer to fail to meet its required solvency margin and minimum 
liquidity ratio. Further, with respect to the distribution of any contributed surplus, a Class 3B insurer must also submit 
an affidavit and obtain the BMA’s prior approval before reducing its total statutory capital as shown in its previous year 
statutory balance sheet by 15% or more.

We are subject to numerous rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq by virtue of being a publicly reporting 
company in the U.S.

Since  March  2020,  IGI  has  been  subject  to  numerous  rules,  regulations,  corporate  governance  requirements 
and  other  reporting  obligations  in  the  U.S.  by  virtue  of  being  a  publicly  reporting  company  listed  on  Nasdaq  in  the 
U.S.  These  include  numerous  rules,  regulations  and  requirements  adopted  by  the  SEC  pursuant  to  the  Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended the (“Exchange Act”) and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as amended (the “Sarbanes-Oxley 
Act”)  and  rules  and  regulations  adopted  by  Nasdaq.  The  significant  regulatory  oversight  and  reporting  obligations 
imposed on public companies require substantial attention from our senior management and from time to time could 
divert attention away from the day-to-day management of our businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on 
our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, corporate governance obligations, including with 
respect to the development and implementation of appropriate corporate governance policies, and concurrent service on 
the board of directors and possibly multiple board committees, impose additional burdens on our non-executive directors.

As  a  result  of  these  regulatory  requirements,  we  have  incurred  higher  costs  associated  with  being  a  public 
company,  including  significant  additional  legal,  compliance,  accounting,  reporting,  insurance  and  other  applicable 
costs following completion of the Business Combination. This includes hiring of more employees or engaging outside 
consultants to comply with these requirements.

The expenses incurred by public companies generally for reporting and corporate governance purposes have been 
increasing. We may need to hire more employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, 
which will increase our costs and expenses. Being a public company could make it more difficult or costly for us to 
obtain certain types of insurance, including director and officer liability insurance, and we may be forced to accept 
reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. Being a 
public company could also make it more difficult and expensive for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve 
on  our  board  of  directors,  board  committees  or  as  executive  officers.  Furthermore,  if  we  are  unable  to  satisfy  our 
obligations as a public company, we could be subject to delisting of our common shares, SEC enforcement actions, 
fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation brought by shareholders or the SEC.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting (ICOFR) could have a material adverse effect 
on our business, operating results and stock price.

or officers under the securities laws of other jurisdictions. In addition, our Amended and Restated Bye-laws state that 

all disputes arising out of the Companies Act or out of or in connection with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws are 

Each  year  our  management  is  required  to  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting and of our disclosure controls and procedures. If we detect any material weaknesses and are unable to assert 
that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we may fail to meet our future reporting obligations in a 
timely and reliable manner and our financial statements may contain material misstatements. Any such failure could 
also adversely cause our investors to have less confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, 
which could have a material adverse effect.

If we are unable to remediate our material weaknesses in a timely manner or we identify additional material 
weaknesses,  we  may  be  unable  to  provide  required  financial  information  in  a  timely  and  reliable  manner  and  we 
may incorrectly report financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we 
could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our common shares are listed, the SEC 
or other regulatory authorities. Failure to timely file will cause us to be ineligible to utilize short form registration 
statements on Form F-3, which may impair our ability to obtain capital in a timely fashion to execute our business 
strategies. In either case, there could result a material adverse effect on our business.

Beginning on January 1, 2023, our financial statements have been reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather 
than IFRS. Significant differences exist between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. The conversion from IFRS into U.S. GAAP 
and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP has resulted, and may 
continue to result in the future, in changes in the application of accounting principles by our staff and, consequently, 
will affect our financial reporting processes and results.

We  may  issue  additional  common  shares  or  other  equity  securities  without  shareholder  approval,  which  would 
dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of our common shares.

We  may  issue  additional  common  shares  or  other  equity  securities  of  equal  or  senior  rank  in  the  future  in 
connection with, among other things, future acquisitions, without shareholder approval, in a number of circumstances.

Our issuance of additional common shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank would have the 

following effects:

• 

• 

• 

• 

our existing shareholders’ proportionate ownership interest in the Company will decrease;

the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends in the future, may decrease;

the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding common share may be diminished; and

other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

the market price of our common shares may decline.

You  will  have  limited  ability  to  bring  an  action  against  the  Company  or  against  its  directors  and  officers,  or  to 
enforce  a  judgment  against  the  Company  or  its  director  and  officers,  because  the  Company  is  incorporated  in 
Bermuda,  because  the  Company  conducts  its  operations  primarily  outside  of  the  United  States  and  because  a 
majority of the Company’s directors and officers reside outside the United States.

We are an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda and, as a result, the rights of the holders of our common 
shares are governed by Bermuda law and our memorandum of association and our Amended and Restated Bye-laws. 
We conduct our operations through subsidiaries which are located primarily outside the U.S. All of our current assets 
are located outside the U.S., and substantially all of our business is conducted outside the U.S. All of our officers and 
a majority of our directors reside outside the U.S. and a substantial portion of the assets of those persons are located 
outside of the U.S. As a result, it could be difficult or highly challenging for you to effect service of process on these 
individuals in the U.S. in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under applicable securities laws 
or otherwise or to enforce in the U.S. judgments obtained in U.S. courts against the Company or those persons based 
on civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. In addition, it is doubtful whether the courts in Bermuda will 
enforce judgments obtained in other jurisdictions, including the U.S., against the Company or its directors or officers 
under the securities laws of those jurisdictions or entertain actions in Bermuda against the Company or its directors 

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subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Bermuda.

Shareholders of Bermuda exempted companies such as the Company also have no general rights under Bermuda 

law to inspect corporate records and accounts other than rights to review the Company’s memorandum of association 

and bye-laws, financial statements, minutes of the shareholder meetings and the shareholder register. This could make 

it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or 

to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders might have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the 

face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would 

as public shareholders of a U.S. company.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws designate the Supreme Court of Bermuda, to the fullest extent permitted by 

law, as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, 

which could limit our shareholders’ ability to bring certain actions or proceedings in a forum of their choosing.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Supreme Court of Bermuda will be, to the fullest extent 

permitted  by  law,  the  exclusive  forum  for  any  dispute  that  arises  concerning  the  Companies Act  or  out  of  or  in 

connection with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws, including any question regarding the existence and scope of 

any bye-law and/or whether there has been any breach of the Companies Act or the bye-laws by an officer or director 

(whether or not such a claim is brought in the name of a shareholder or in the name of the Company).

To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  the  forum  selection  bye-law  discussed  above  will  apply  to  derivative 

actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company and arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended 

(the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act, although we have been advised by the SEC that in the opinion of the SEC, 

our shareholders cannot waive compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. There 

is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision in connection with any such derivative action or 

proceeding arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and it is possible that a court could find the forum 

selection bye-law to be inapplicable or unenforceable.

This forum selection bye-law could limit the ability of our shareholders to bring certain actions or proceedings 

involving disputes with us or our directors, officers and other employees in a forum of our shareholders’ choosing. 

If a court were to find the forum selection bye-law inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the 

specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in 

U.S. persons who own our securities may have more difficulty in protecting their interests than U.S. persons who 

are shareholders of a U.S. corporation.

The  Companies  Act,  which  applies  to  the  Company,  differs  in  some  material  respects  from  laws  generally 

applicable  to  U.S.  corporations  and  their  shareholders. These  differences  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  manner 

in which directors must disclose transactions in which they have an interest, the rights of shareholders to bring class 

action and derivative lawsuits, the scope of indemnification available to directors and officers and provisions relating 

to  amalgamations,  mergers  and  acquisitions  and  takeovers.  Holders  of  our  common  shares  may  therefore  have  more 

difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction within the U.S.

Generally,  the  duties  of  directors  and  officers  of  a  Bermuda  company  are  owed  to  the  company  and  not, 

in  the  absence  of  special  circumstances,  to  the  shareholders  as  individuals.  Shareholders  of  Bermuda  companies 

typically do not have rights to take action against directors or officers of the company and may only do so in limited 

circumstances. Class actions and derivative actions are typically not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. 

The  Bermuda  courts,  however,  would  ordinarily  be  expected  to  permit  a  shareholder  to  commence  an  action  in 

the name of a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond 

the corporate power of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company’s memorandum of 

association or bye-laws. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws state that all disputes arising out of the Companies 

Act or out of or in connection with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of 

the Supreme Court of Bermuda. This would make it more difficult to make certain claims against the Company or its 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting (ICOFR) could have a material adverse effect 

on our business, operating results and stock price.

Each  year  our  management  is  required  to  evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  our  internal  control  over  financial 

reporting and of our disclosure controls and procedures. If we detect any material weaknesses and are unable to assert 

that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, we may fail to meet our future reporting obligations in a 

timely and reliable manner and our financial statements may contain material misstatements. Any such failure could 

also adversely cause our investors to have less confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, 

which could have a material adverse effect.

If we are unable to remediate our material weaknesses in a timely manner or we identify additional material 

weaknesses,  we  may  be  unable  to  provide  required  financial  information  in  a  timely  and  reliable  manner  and  we 

may incorrectly report financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we 

could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our common shares are listed, the SEC 

or other regulatory authorities. Failure to timely file will cause us to be ineligible to utilize short form registration 

statements on Form F-3, which may impair our ability to obtain capital in a timely fashion to execute our business 

strategies. In either case, there could result a material adverse effect on our business.

Beginning on January 1, 2023, our financial statements have been reported in accordance with U.S. GAAP rather 

than IFRS. Significant differences exist between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. The conversion from IFRS into U.S. GAAP 

and the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP has resulted, and may 

continue to result in the future, in changes in the application of accounting principles by our staff and, consequently, 

will affect our financial reporting processes and results.

We  may  issue  additional  common  shares  or  other  equity  securities  without  shareholder  approval,  which  would 

dilute your ownership interests and may depress the market price of our common shares.

We  may  issue  additional  common  shares  or  other  equity  securities  of  equal  or  senior  rank  in  the  future  in 

connection with, among other things, future acquisitions, without shareholder approval, in a number of circumstances.

Our issuance of additional common shares or other equity securities of equal or senior rank would have the 

following effects:

• 

• 

• 

• 

our existing shareholders’ proportionate ownership interest in the Company will decrease;

the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends in the future, may decrease;

the relative voting strength of each previously outstanding common share may be diminished; and

the market price of our common shares may decline.

You  will  have  limited  ability  to  bring  an  action  against  the  Company  or  against  its  directors  and  officers,  or  to 

enforce  a  judgment  against  the  Company  or  its  director  and  officers,  because  the  Company  is  incorporated  in 

Bermuda,  because  the  Company  conducts  its  operations  primarily  outside  of  the  United  States  and  because  a 

majority of the Company’s directors and officers reside outside the United States.

We are an exempted company incorporated in Bermuda and, as a result, the rights of the holders of our common 

shares are governed by Bermuda law and our memorandum of association and our Amended and Restated Bye-laws. 

We conduct our operations through subsidiaries which are located primarily outside the U.S. All of our current assets 

are located outside the U.S., and substantially all of our business is conducted outside the U.S. All of our officers and 

a majority of our directors reside outside the U.S. and a substantial portion of the assets of those persons are located 

outside of the U.S. As a result, it could be difficult or highly challenging for you to effect service of process on these 

individuals in the U.S. in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under applicable securities laws 

or otherwise or to enforce in the U.S. judgments obtained in U.S. courts against the Company or those persons based 

on civil liability provisions of the U.S. securities laws. In addition, it is doubtful whether the courts in Bermuda will 

enforce judgments obtained in other jurisdictions, including the U.S., against the Company or its directors or officers 

under the securities laws of those jurisdictions or entertain actions in Bermuda against the Company or its directors 

or officers under the securities laws of other jurisdictions. In addition, our Amended and Restated Bye-laws state that 
all disputes arising out of the Companies Act or out of or in connection with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws are 
subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Bermuda.

Shareholders of Bermuda exempted companies such as the Company also have no general rights under Bermuda 
law to inspect corporate records and accounts other than rights to review the Company’s memorandum of association 
and bye-laws, financial statements, minutes of the shareholder meetings and the shareholder register. This could make 
it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or 
to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

As a result of all of the above, public shareholders might have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the 
face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would 
as public shareholders of a U.S. company.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws designate the Supreme Court of Bermuda, to the fullest extent permitted by 
law, as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our shareholders, 
which could limit our shareholders’ ability to bring certain actions or proceedings in a forum of their choosing.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Supreme Court of Bermuda will be, to the fullest extent 
permitted  by  law,  the  exclusive  forum  for  any  dispute  that  arises  concerning  the  Companies Act  or  out  of  or  in 
connection with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws, including any question regarding the existence and scope of 
any bye-law and/or whether there has been any breach of the Companies Act or the bye-laws by an officer or director 
(whether or not such a claim is brought in the name of a shareholder or in the name of the Company).

To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  the  forum  selection  bye-law  discussed  above  will  apply  to  derivative 
actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company and arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended 
(the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act, although we have been advised by the SEC that in the opinion of the SEC, 
our shareholders cannot waive compliance with federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. There 
is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such provision in connection with any such derivative action or 
proceeding arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and it is possible that a court could find the forum 
selection bye-law to be inapplicable or unenforceable.

This forum selection bye-law could limit the ability of our shareholders to bring certain actions or proceedings 
involving disputes with us or our directors, officers and other employees in a forum of our shareholders’ choosing. 
If a court were to find the forum selection bye-law inapplicable to, or unenforceable in respect of, one or more of the 
specified types of actions or proceedings, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such matters in 
other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect our business and financial condition.

U.S. persons who own our securities may have more difficulty in protecting their interests than U.S. persons who 
are shareholders of a U.S. corporation.

The  Companies  Act,  which  applies  to  the  Company,  differs  in  some  material  respects  from  laws  generally 
applicable  to  U.S.  corporations  and  their  shareholders. These  differences  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  manner 
in which directors must disclose transactions in which they have an interest, the rights of shareholders to bring class 
action and derivative lawsuits, the scope of indemnification available to directors and officers and provisions relating 
to  amalgamations,  mergers  and  acquisitions  and  takeovers.  Holders  of  our  common  shares  may  therefore  have  more 
difficulty protecting their interests than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction within the U.S.

Generally,  the  duties  of  directors  and  officers  of  a  Bermuda  company  are  owed  to  the  company  and  not, 
in  the  absence  of  special  circumstances,  to  the  shareholders  as  individuals.  Shareholders  of  Bermuda  companies 
typically do not have rights to take action against directors or officers of the company and may only do so in limited 
circumstances. Class actions and derivative actions are typically not available to shareholders under Bermuda law. 
The  Bermuda  courts,  however,  would  ordinarily  be  expected  to  permit  a  shareholder  to  commence  an  action  in 
the name of a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond 
the corporate power of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company’s memorandum of 
association or bye-laws. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws state that all disputes arising out of the Companies 
Act or out of or in connection with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of 
the Supreme Court of Bermuda. This would make it more difficult to make certain claims against the Company or its 

37

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          directors or officers in jurisdictions outside of Bermuda, including the U.S. Additionally, our Amended and Restated 
Bye-laws contain a waiver by the Company’s shareholders of any claim or right of action, both individually and on 
the Company’s behalf, against any of the Company’s directors or officers. The waiver applies to any action taken by 
an officer or director, or the failure of an officer or director to take any action, in the performance of his or her duties, 
except with respect to any matter involving any fraud or dishonesty on the part of the officer or director. This waiver 
limits the right of shareholders to assert claims against the Company’s officers and directors unless the act or failure 
to act involves fraud or dishonesty.

Nasdaq may delist our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to engage in transactions in our securities and 
subject us to additional trading restrictions.

applicable to U.S. issuers.

In order to list common shares and warrants, we were required to meet the Nasdaq initial listing requirements, 
including the requirement to have at least 300 round lot holders of our common shares, at least 50% of which must 
hold at least $2,500 of securities. Although we were able to meet those initial listing requirements, we may be unable 
to maintain the listing of our securities or comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements in the future.

If Nasdaq subsequently delists our securities, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

significantly reduced liquidity in the market for our common shares, which would make it more difficult 
for our shareholders to buy or sell our common shares, particularly in lesser volumes;

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for the Company; and

a  decreased  ability  to  issue  additional  securities  or  obtain  additional  financing  in  the  future  or  utilize 
common shares as consideration in potential future acquisitions or joint ventures.

In addition, the permission of the BMA is required, under the provisions of the Exchange Control Act, for all 
issuances and transfers of shares (which includes our common shares) of Bermuda companies to or from a non-resident 
of Bermuda for exchange control purposes, other than in cases where the BMA has granted a general permission. The 
BMA, in its notice to the public dated June 1, 2005, granted a general permission for the issue and subsequent transfer 
of any securities of a Bermuda company from and/or to a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes 
for so long as any “Equity Securities” of the company (which would include our common shares) are listed on an 
“Appointed Stock Exchange” (which would include Nasdaq). In granting the general permission the BMA accepts 
no responsibility for our financial soundness or the correctness of any of the statements made or opinions expressed 
in this annual report. If our common shares are delisted from Nasdaq and not otherwise listed on an Appointed Stock 
Exchange, the issue and transfer of our equity securities (which would include our common shares) would be subject 
to the prior approval of the BMA, unless the BMA has granted a general permission in respect of any such issue or 
transfer.

Provisions in our memorandum of association and our Amended and Restated Bye-laws may inhibit a takeover of 
us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our securities and could entrench 
management.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that 
our shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. Among other provisions, the staggered board of directors 
and Wasef Jabsheh’s director appointment rights may make it more difficult for our shareholders to remove incumbent 
management  and  accordingly  discourage  transactions  that  otherwise  could  involve  payment  of  a  premium  over 
prevailing market prices for our securities. For so long as Wasef Jabsheh, together with his family and/or affiliates, 
own at least 10% of our issued and outstanding common shares, Wasef Jabsheh will be entitled to appoint two directors 
to our board of directors. For so long as Wasef Jabsheh, together with his family and/or affiliates, own at least 5% 
of our issued and outstanding common shares, Wasef Jabsheh will be entitled to appoint one director to our board of 
directors. Other anti-takeover provisions in our Amended and Restated Bye-laws include the ability of our board of 
directors to issue preference shares with preferences and voting rights determined by the board of directors without 
shareholder approval, the indemnification of our officers and directors, the requirement that directors may only be 
removed from our board of directors for cause, the provision that shareholders may take specified action by written 
consent only if such action is by unanimous written consent, the requirement for the affirmative vote of 66% of the 

directors then in office and holders of at least 66% of the voting shares to amend specified provisions in our Amended 

and Restated Bye-laws and the requirement that a business combination with a 15% shareholder must be approved 

by an affirmative vote of 66% of the voting shares owned by non-interested shareholders and our board of directors. 

These provisions could also make it difficult for our shareholders to take certain actions and limit the price investors 

might be willing to pay for our securities.

As a “foreign private issuer” under the rules and regulations of the SEC, we are permitted to, and will, file less or 

different information with the SEC than a company incorporated in the United States or otherwise subject to these 

rules, and will follow certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain Nasdaq requirements 

The  Company  is  considered  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  is  therefore  exempt 

from certain rules under the Exchange Act. For example, we are not required to file current reports on Form 8-K 

or quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and we are exempt from the U.S. proxy rules which impose certain disclosure 

and procedural requirements for U.S. proxy solicitations. We are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which 

imposes restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information to shareholders, and our officers, directors 

and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of 

the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as 

frequently or within the same time frames as U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act.

In addition, as a “foreign private issuer” whose common shares are listed on Nasdaq, we are permitted to follow 

certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain Nasdaq requirements. Unlike the requirements 

of Nasdaq, the corporate governance practice and requirements in Bermuda do not require us to have a majority of 

independent directors; do not require us to establish a nomination committee or a nomination committee consisting 

of  only  independent  directors;  do  not  require  us  to  have  a  compensation  committee  or  a  compensation  committee 

consisting  of  only  independent  directors;  and  do  not  require  us  to  hold  regular  executive  sessions  of  the  board  of 

directors  where  only  independent  directors  shall  be  present;  and  do  not  require  shareholder  approval  for  certain 

issuances of equity securities. Such Bermuda home country practices may afford less protection to holders of our 

common shares. We intend to voluntarily comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including 

having a majority of independent directors on the board of directors and establishing compensation and nomination 

committees of the board of directors, but we are not required to do so and may cease doing so at any time as long as 

we maintain our status as a “foreign private issuer.”

We  could  lose  our  status  as  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  under  current  SEC  rules  and  regulations  if  more  than 

50% of our outstanding voting securities become directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. holders and one of the 

following is true: (i) the majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 

50% of our assets are located in the United States; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.

If we lose our status as a foreign private issuer in the future, we will no longer be exempt from the rules described 

above and, among other things, will be required to file periodic reports and annual and quarterly financial statements 

as if we were a company incorporated in the United States. If this were to happen, we would likely incur substantial 

costs  in  fulfilling  these  additional  regulatory  requirements  and  members  of  our  management  would  likely  have  to 

divert time and resources from other responsibilities to ensuring these additional regulatory requirements are fulfilled.

We are an “emerging growth company” and, as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements 

applicable to emerging growth companies, our common shares may be less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act and we intend to take advantage of some of 

the exemptions from reporting requirements that are available to emerging growth companies, including:

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal 

• 

• 

• 

control over financial reporting;

statements; and

reduced  disclosure  obligations  regarding  executive  compensation  in  periodic  reports  and  registration 

not being required to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval 

of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

39

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023directors or officers in jurisdictions outside of Bermuda, including the U.S. Additionally, our Amended and Restated 

Bye-laws contain a waiver by the Company’s shareholders of any claim or right of action, both individually and on 

the Company’s behalf, against any of the Company’s directors or officers. The waiver applies to any action taken by 

an officer or director, or the failure of an officer or director to take any action, in the performance of his or her duties, 

except with respect to any matter involving any fraud or dishonesty on the part of the officer or director. This waiver 

limits the right of shareholders to assert claims against the Company’s officers and directors unless the act or failure 

to act involves fraud or dishonesty.

Nasdaq may delist our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to engage in transactions in our securities and 

subject us to additional trading restrictions.

In order to list common shares and warrants, we were required to meet the Nasdaq initial listing requirements, 

including the requirement to have at least 300 round lot holders of our common shares, at least 50% of which must 

hold at least $2,500 of securities. Although we were able to meet those initial listing requirements, we may be unable 

to maintain the listing of our securities or comply with Nasdaq’s continued listing requirements in the future.

If Nasdaq subsequently delists our securities, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

a limited availability of market quotations for our securities;

significantly reduced liquidity in the market for our common shares, which would make it more difficult 

for our shareholders to buy or sell our common shares, particularly in lesser volumes;

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage for the Company; and

a  decreased  ability  to  issue  additional  securities  or  obtain  additional  financing  in  the  future  or  utilize 

common shares as consideration in potential future acquisitions or joint ventures.

In addition, the permission of the BMA is required, under the provisions of the Exchange Control Act, for all 

issuances and transfers of shares (which includes our common shares) of Bermuda companies to or from a non-resident 

of Bermuda for exchange control purposes, other than in cases where the BMA has granted a general permission. The 

BMA, in its notice to the public dated June 1, 2005, granted a general permission for the issue and subsequent transfer 

of any securities of a Bermuda company from and/or to a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes 

for so long as any “Equity Securities” of the company (which would include our common shares) are listed on an 

“Appointed Stock Exchange” (which would include Nasdaq). In granting the general permission the BMA accepts 

no responsibility for our financial soundness or the correctness of any of the statements made or opinions expressed 

in this annual report. If our common shares are delisted from Nasdaq and not otherwise listed on an Appointed Stock 

Exchange, the issue and transfer of our equity securities (which would include our common shares) would be subject 

to the prior approval of the BMA, unless the BMA has granted a general permission in respect of any such issue or 

transfer.

management.

Provisions in our memorandum of association and our Amended and Restated Bye-laws may inhibit a takeover of 

us, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our securities and could entrench 

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws contain provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that 

our shareholders may consider to be in their best interests. Among other provisions, the staggered board of directors 

and Wasef Jabsheh’s director appointment rights may make it more difficult for our shareholders to remove incumbent 

management  and  accordingly  discourage  transactions  that  otherwise  could  involve  payment  of  a  premium  over 

prevailing market prices for our securities. For so long as Wasef Jabsheh, together with his family and/or affiliates, 

own at least 10% of our issued and outstanding common shares, Wasef Jabsheh will be entitled to appoint two directors 

to our board of directors. For so long as Wasef Jabsheh, together with his family and/or affiliates, own at least 5% 

of our issued and outstanding common shares, Wasef Jabsheh will be entitled to appoint one director to our board of 

directors. Other anti-takeover provisions in our Amended and Restated Bye-laws include the ability of our board of 

directors to issue preference shares with preferences and voting rights determined by the board of directors without 

shareholder approval, the indemnification of our officers and directors, the requirement that directors may only be 

removed from our board of directors for cause, the provision that shareholders may take specified action by written 

consent only if such action is by unanimous written consent, the requirement for the affirmative vote of 66% of the 

directors then in office and holders of at least 66% of the voting shares to amend specified provisions in our Amended 
and Restated Bye-laws and the requirement that a business combination with a 15% shareholder must be approved 
by an affirmative vote of 66% of the voting shares owned by non-interested shareholders and our board of directors. 
These provisions could also make it difficult for our shareholders to take certain actions and limit the price investors 
might be willing to pay for our securities.

As a “foreign private issuer” under the rules and regulations of the SEC, we are permitted to, and will, file less or 
different information with the SEC than a company incorporated in the United States or otherwise subject to these 
rules, and will follow certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain Nasdaq requirements 
applicable to U.S. issuers.

The  Company  is  considered  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  under  the  Exchange  Act  and  is  therefore  exempt 
from certain rules under the Exchange Act. For example, we are not required to file current reports on Form 8-K 
or quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and we are exempt from the U.S. proxy rules which impose certain disclosure 
and procedural requirements for U.S. proxy solicitations. We are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which 
imposes restrictions on the selective disclosure of material information to shareholders, and our officers, directors 
and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of 
the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as 
frequently or within the same time frames as U.S. companies with securities registered under the Exchange Act.

In addition, as a “foreign private issuer” whose common shares are listed on Nasdaq, we are permitted to follow 
certain home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain Nasdaq requirements. Unlike the requirements 
of Nasdaq, the corporate governance practice and requirements in Bermuda do not require us to have a majority of 
independent directors; do not require us to establish a nomination committee or a nomination committee consisting 
of  only  independent  directors;  do  not  require  us  to  have  a  compensation  committee  or  a  compensation  committee 
consisting  of  only  independent  directors;  and  do  not  require  us  to  hold  regular  executive  sessions  of  the  board  of 
directors  where  only  independent  directors  shall  be  present;  and  do  not  require  shareholder  approval  for  certain 
issuances of equity securities. Such Bermuda home country practices may afford less protection to holders of our 
common shares. We intend to voluntarily comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including 
having a majority of independent directors on the board of directors and establishing compensation and nomination 
committees of the board of directors, but we are not required to do so and may cease doing so at any time as long as 
we maintain our status as a “foreign private issuer.”

We  could  lose  our  status  as  a  “foreign  private  issuer”  under  current  SEC  rules  and  regulations  if  more  than 
50% of our outstanding voting securities become directly or indirectly held of record by U.S. holders and one of the 
following is true: (i) the majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents; (ii) more than 
50% of our assets are located in the United States; or (iii) our business is administered principally in the United States.

If we lose our status as a foreign private issuer in the future, we will no longer be exempt from the rules described 
above and, among other things, will be required to file periodic reports and annual and quarterly financial statements 
as if we were a company incorporated in the United States. If this were to happen, we would likely incur substantial 
costs  in  fulfilling  these  additional  regulatory  requirements  and  members  of  our  management  would  likely  have  to 
divert time and resources from other responsibilities to ensuring these additional regulatory requirements are fulfilled.

We are an “emerging growth company” and, as a result of the reduced disclosure and governance requirements 
applicable to emerging growth companies, our common shares may be less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act and we intend to take advantage of some of 

the exemptions from reporting requirements that are available to emerging growth companies, including:

• 

• 

• 

not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements in the assessment of our internal 
control over financial reporting;

reduced  disclosure  obligations  regarding  executive  compensation  in  periodic  reports  and  registration 
statements; and

not being required to hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval 
of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we rely on these exemptions. 
If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for 
common shares and our share price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions 
until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier 
of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the Closing (i.e. 2025), (b) in which we 
have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated 
filer, which means the market value of our common shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as 
of  the  prior  June  30th,  and  (2)  the  date  on  which  we  have  issued  more  than  $1.0  billion  in  non-convertible  debt 
during  the  prior  three-year  period.  After  we  no  longer  qualify  as  an  emerging  growth  company,  if  we  are  not 
an  accelerated  filer  (which  requires  a  market  capitalization  of  at  least  $75  million)  or  a  large  accelerated  filer 
(which requires a market capitalization of at least $700 million) we would continue to be exempt from the auditor 
attestation requirement for the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the 
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Former IGI Dubai shareholders will continue to exert significant influence over the Company as a result of their 
shareholdings, and their interests may not be aligned with those of the other shareholders.

As of December 31, 2023, former IGI Dubai shareholders beneficially owned more than 52% of our issued 
and outstanding common shares. The former IGI Dubai shareholders will continue to be able to exercise a significant 
degree of influence over the outcome of certain matters requiring an ordinary resolution of our shareholders including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the appointment and removal of directors;

a change of control in the Company, which could deprive shareholders of an opportunity to earn a premium 
for the sale of their shares over the then prevailing market price;

substantial mergers or other business combinations;

the acquisition or disposal of substantial assets;

the alteration of our share capital;

amendments to our organizational documents; and

the winding up of the Company.

Furthermore, as of December 31, 2023, Wasef Jabsheh, who was IGI Dubai’s Founder, Chief Executive Officer 
and Vice  Chairman  and  is  currently  our  Executive  Chairman,  was  our  largest  single  shareholder  and  beneficially 
owned approximately 31.2% of our issued and outstanding common shares. Another former IGI Dubai shareholder, 
Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG (“Ominvest”), beneficially owned approximately 
20.8% of our issued and outstanding common shares as of December 31, 2023. Beneficial ownership is calculated in 
accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Although there are corporate governance controls in place to 
mitigate conflicts of interest of members of senior management and major shareholders vis-à-vis the Company and 
minority shareholders, the former IGI Dubai shareholders may make decisions in respect of the business that do not 
serve the interests of the Company or the minority shareholders. Among other consequences, this concentration of 
ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might therefore negatively affect the 
market price of our common shares.

The grant and future exercise of registration rights may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Pursuant  to  the  registration  rights  agreement  among Tiberius,  the  Sponsor  and  officers  and  directors  of 
Tiberius, that was assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination, and the registration 
rights agreement among the Company, the Sponsor in its capacity as the Purchaser Representative, and certain 
former shareholders of IGI Dubai entered into at the closing of the Business Combination, we were required to 
file a resale registration statement shortly after Closing which registered for resale our common shares held by 
the  Sponsor,  the  former  officers  and  directors  of Tiberius  and  former  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai.  In  addition, 
the  Sponsor,  the  former  officers  and  directors  of  Tiberius  and  certain  former  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai  can 
demand that the Company register their registrable securities under certain circumstances and also have piggyback 
registration  rights  for  their  securities  in  connection  with  certain  registrations  of  securities  that  we  undertake. 

We were also required to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering 

securities issued at Closing to investors pursuant to forward purchase contracts and securities issued at Closing to 

the PIPE Investors. The Company has an effective registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the SEC, which 

satisfies these requirements.

The registration of these securities pursuant to the registration statement or any future registration statement that 

the Company may file will permit the public resale of such securities, subject to any contractual lock-up restrictions. 

The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have 

an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.

Sales of a substantial number of our securities in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our 

common shares.

As of December 31, 2023, Wasef Jabsheh and Ominvest beneficially owned approximately 31.2% and 20.8% 

of our common shares, respectively. All of these shares and all of our common shares received by the former IGI 

Dubai  shareholders  in  the  Business  Combination  have  been  registered  for  resale  on  a  registration  statement  on 

Form F-3 and are available for resale in the public market. Sales of a significant number of our common shares 

in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the market price of our common 

shares.

In  addition,  our  affiliates  and  the  former  IGI  Dubai  shareholders  who  received  restricted  securities  in  the 

Business Combination may sell our common shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which became 

available to the Company, as a former shell company, on March 23, 2021 (one year after our filing with the SEC of a 

Shell Company Report on Form 20-F containing Form 10 type information reflecting the Business Combination). In 

these cases, the resales must meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of Rule 144.

So long as our registration statement on Form F-3 remains effective or upon satisfaction of the requirements 

of  Rule  144  under  the  Securities  Act,  or  another  applicable  exemption  from  registration,  the  former  IGI  Dubai 

shareholders may sell large amounts of our common shares in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, 

which could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our share price or putting significant downward pressure on 

the price of our securities.

The issue of additional shares in the Company in connection with future acquisitions or pursuant to share incentive 

plans or otherwise may dilute all other shareholdings.

We may seek to raise financing to fund future acquisitions and other growth opportunities. We may, for these 

and other purposes, such as in connection with share incentive plans, issue additional equity or convertible equity 

securities that could dilute your ownership in the Company and may include terms that give new investors rights that 

are superior to yours. Any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our 

common shares and in any event may have a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market 

price of our common shares to decline.

The decision by our board of directors whether or not to declare dividends, and if so the amount declared, will be 

based on all relevant considerations, including market conditions and the views and recommendations of regulatory 

authorities.

Our board of directors will evaluate whether or not to pay dividends and, if so, whether to pay dividends on a 

quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. The board of directors’ evaluation will depend on numerous factors, including 

our  results,  market  conditions,  contractual  obligations,  legal  restrictions  and  other  factors  deemed  relevant  by  the 

board of directors. Among other things, in the current environment, the board of directors will take into consideration 

the views of regulators with respect to dividend policies of insurance companies as well as the board of directors’ and 

management’s  evaluation  of  global  market  conditions.  In  addition,  there  are  certain  restrictions  on  the  declaration 

and payment of dividends by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries which such restrictions are further detailed in this 

annual report.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We cannot predict if investors will find our common shares less attractive because we rely on these exemptions. 

If some investors find our common shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for 

common shares and our share price may be more volatile. We may take advantage of these reporting exemptions 

until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earlier 

of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the Closing (i.e. 2025), (b) in which we 

have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated 

filer, which means the market value of our common shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as 

of  the  prior  June  30th,  and  (2)  the  date  on  which  we  have  issued  more  than  $1.0  billion  in  non-convertible  debt 

during  the  prior  three-year  period.  After  we  no  longer  qualify  as  an  emerging  growth  company,  if  we  are  not 

an  accelerated  filer  (which  requires  a  market  capitalization  of  at  least  $75  million)  or  a  large  accelerated  filer 

(which requires a market capitalization of at least $700 million) we would continue to be exempt from the auditor 

attestation requirement for the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the 

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Former IGI Dubai shareholders will continue to exert significant influence over the Company as a result of their 

shareholdings, and their interests may not be aligned with those of the other shareholders.

As of December 31, 2023, former IGI Dubai shareholders beneficially owned more than 52% of our issued 

and outstanding common shares. The former IGI Dubai shareholders will continue to be able to exercise a significant 

degree of influence over the outcome of certain matters requiring an ordinary resolution of our shareholders including:

the appointment and removal of directors;

a change of control in the Company, which could deprive shareholders of an opportunity to earn a premium 

for the sale of their shares over the then prevailing market price;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

substantial mergers or other business combinations;

the acquisition or disposal of substantial assets;

the alteration of our share capital;

amendments to our organizational documents; and

the winding up of the Company.

Furthermore, as of December 31, 2023, Wasef Jabsheh, who was IGI Dubai’s Founder, Chief Executive Officer 

and Vice  Chairman  and  is  currently  our  Executive  Chairman,  was  our  largest  single  shareholder  and  beneficially 

owned approximately 31.2% of our issued and outstanding common shares. Another former IGI Dubai shareholder, 

Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG (“Ominvest”), beneficially owned approximately 

20.8% of our issued and outstanding common shares as of December 31, 2023. Beneficial ownership is calculated in 

accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC. Although there are corporate governance controls in place to 

mitigate conflicts of interest of members of senior management and major shareholders vis-à-vis the Company and 

minority shareholders, the former IGI Dubai shareholders may make decisions in respect of the business that do not 

serve the interests of the Company or the minority shareholders. Among other consequences, this concentration of 

ownership may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control and might therefore negatively affect the 

market price of our common shares.

The grant and future exercise of registration rights may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

Pursuant  to  the  registration  rights  agreement  among Tiberius,  the  Sponsor  and  officers  and  directors  of 

Tiberius, that was assumed by the Company in connection with the Business Combination, and the registration 

rights agreement among the Company, the Sponsor in its capacity as the Purchaser Representative, and certain 

former shareholders of IGI Dubai entered into at the closing of the Business Combination, we were required to 

file a resale registration statement shortly after Closing which registered for resale our common shares held by 

the  Sponsor,  the  former  officers  and  directors  of Tiberius  and  former  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai.  In  addition, 

the  Sponsor,  the  former  officers  and  directors  of  Tiberius  and  certain  former  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai  can 

demand that the Company register their registrable securities under certain circumstances and also have piggyback 

registration  rights  for  their  securities  in  connection  with  certain  registrations  of  securities  that  we  undertake. 

We were also required to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering 
securities issued at Closing to investors pursuant to forward purchase contracts and securities issued at Closing to 
the PIPE Investors. The Company has an effective registration statement on Form F-3 filed with the SEC, which 
satisfies these requirements.

The registration of these securities pursuant to the registration statement or any future registration statement that 
the Company may file will permit the public resale of such securities, subject to any contractual lock-up restrictions. 
The registration and availability of such a significant number of securities for trading in the public market may have 
an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.

Sales of a substantial number of our securities in the public market could adversely affect the market price of our 
common shares.

As of December 31, 2023, Wasef Jabsheh and Ominvest beneficially owned approximately 31.2% and 20.8% 
of our common shares, respectively. All of these shares and all of our common shares received by the former IGI 
Dubai  shareholders  in  the  Business  Combination  have  been  registered  for  resale  on  a  registration  statement  on 
Form F-3 and are available for resale in the public market. Sales of a significant number of our common shares 
in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could reduce the market price of our common 
shares.

In  addition,  our  affiliates  and  the  former  IGI  Dubai  shareholders  who  received  restricted  securities  in  the 
Business Combination may sell our common shares pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, which became 
available to the Company, as a former shell company, on March 23, 2021 (one year after our filing with the SEC of a 
Shell Company Report on Form 20-F containing Form 10 type information reflecting the Business Combination). In 
these cases, the resales must meet the criteria and conform to the requirements of Rule 144.

So long as our registration statement on Form F-3 remains effective or upon satisfaction of the requirements 
of  Rule  144  under  the  Securities  Act,  or  another  applicable  exemption  from  registration,  the  former  IGI  Dubai 
shareholders may sell large amounts of our common shares in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, 
which could have the effect of increasing the volatility in our share price or putting significant downward pressure on 
the price of our securities.

The issue of additional shares in the Company in connection with future acquisitions or pursuant to share incentive 
plans or otherwise may dilute all other shareholdings.

We may seek to raise financing to fund future acquisitions and other growth opportunities. We may, for these 
and other purposes, such as in connection with share incentive plans, issue additional equity or convertible equity 
securities that could dilute your ownership in the Company and may include terms that give new investors rights that 
are superior to yours. Any issuances by us of equity securities may be at or below the prevailing market price of our 
common shares and in any event may have a dilutive impact on your ownership interest, which could cause the market 
price of our common shares to decline.

The decision by our board of directors whether or not to declare dividends, and if so the amount declared, will be 
based on all relevant considerations, including market conditions and the views and recommendations of regulatory 
authorities.

Our board of directors will evaluate whether or not to pay dividends and, if so, whether to pay dividends on a 
quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. The board of directors’ evaluation will depend on numerous factors, including 
our  results,  market  conditions,  contractual  obligations,  legal  restrictions  and  other  factors  deemed  relevant  by  the 
board of directors. Among other things, in the current environment, the board of directors will take into consideration 
the views of regulators with respect to dividend policies of insurance companies as well as the board of directors’ and 
management’s  evaluation  of  global  market  conditions.  In  addition,  there  are  certain  restrictions  on  the  declaration 
and payment of dividends by the Company’s insurance subsidiaries which such restrictions are further detailed in this 
annual report.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          On April 8, 2020, the UK PRA issued a statement that “when insurers are considering whether or not to proceed 
with any dividend payments, their boards should pay close attention to the need to protect policyholders and maintain 
safety and soundness. Decisions regarding capital or significant risk management issues need to be informed by a 
range of scenarios, including very severe ones.”

In addition, the European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority (“EIOPA”) stated in its December 2020 
Financial Stability Report that it “strongly recommends insurers to maintain extreme caution and prudence within their 
capital management.” EIOPA also stated that any dividend distributions “should not exceed thresholds of prudency and 
institutions should ensure that the resulting reduction in the quantity or quality of their own funds remains at levels 
appropriate to the current levels of risks.”

In May 2022, the Company’s board of directors determined that going forward the board intended to declare a 
$0.01 per share dividend on a quarterly basis. However, the board of directors has not yet made any final decisions 
with respect to its dividend policy. Any decision to declare dividends will be made based on an evaluation and review 
of the Company’s latest results and the Company’s analysis of its pending claims, market conditions, and advice from 
the Company’s regulators, among other factors. In addition, as a Bermuda exempted company, the Company must 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies Act  regulating  the  payment  of  dividends  and  making  distributions 
from contributed surplus. The Company may not declare or pay a dividend, or make a distribution out of contributed 
surplus, if there are reasonable grounds for believing that: (a) the company is, or would after the payment be, unable 
to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b) the realizable value of the company’s assets would thereby be less than 
its liabilities.

Taxation Risks

Intra-group arrangements found not to be on arm’s length terms may adversely affect our tax charge.

Trading relationships between our members in different jurisdictions will in general be subject to the transfer 
pricing regimes of the jurisdictions concerned. We intend to operate intra-group trading arrangements and relationships 
on demonstrable and documented arm’s length terms. If, however, such trading arrangements were found not to be on 
arm’s length terms, adjustments might be required to taxable profits in the relevant jurisdictions, which could lead to 
an increase in our overall tax charge; this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 
condition.

Legislation  to  adopt  these  standards  has  been  enacted  or  is  currently  under  consideration  in  a  number  of 
jurisdictions,  including  country-by-country  reporting. As  a  result,  our  earnings  may  be  subject  to  income  tax,  or 
intercompany payments may be subject to withholding tax, in jurisdictions where they are not currently taxed or at 
higher rates of tax than currently taxed. The applicable tax authorities could also attempt to apply such taxes to past 
earnings and payments. Any such additional taxes could materially increase our effective tax rate. Also, the adoption 
of these standards may increase the complexity and costs associated with tax compliance and adversely affect our 
financial position and results of operations.

The Company could be or may become a passive foreign investment company, by reason of its subsidiaries failing 
to qualify as “qualified insurance corporations,” which also could result in other adverse U.S. federal income tax 
consequences.

Significant potential adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including certain reporting requirements, 
generally apply to any U.S. person who owns shares in a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”). Although 
not free from doubt, we do not believe it is likely the Company will be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year. 
However, we cannot provide assurance that the Company will not be a PFIC for the current year or will not become a 
PFIC in any future taxable year.

A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year if either 

at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income or at least 50% of the value of its assets 

(based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce 

or are held for the production of passive income. For purposes of the PFIC rules, a corporation is treated as owning its 

proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which 

it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock (the “Look-Through Rule”).

Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived 

from  the  active  conduct  of  a  trade  or  business),  passive  assets  generally  include  assets  held  for  the  production  of 

such income, and gains from the disposition of passive assets are generally all included in passive income. Special 

rules apply, however, in determining whether the income of an insurance company is passive income for purposes 

of these rules. Specifically, income derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a “qualified insurance 

corporation” (a “QIC”) is excluded from the definition of passive income, even though that income would otherwise 

be considered passive (the “Insurance Company Exception”). The Insurance Company Exception provides a modified 

version of the Look-Through Rule which allows a QIC to treat certain income and assets of its non-QIC subsidiaries 

as active income or assets.

Although not free from doubt, the Company believes that between the Insurance Company Exception and the 

Look-Through Rule, a sufficient amount of its subsidiaries’ income and assets will be treated as active for the Company 

not to qualify as a PFIC. We cannot provide assurance that the IRS will not successfully challenge our interpretation 

of the scope of the Insurance Company Exception and our qualification for the exception.

In addition, changes in law can adversely affect the Company and its subsidiaries’ abilities to qualify for the 

Insurance Company Exception, modify the Look-Through Rule as applied for that exception, or otherwise cause the 

Company to qualify as a PFIC, possibly with retroactive effect. In particular, the U.S. Treasury has proposed regulations 

regarding the Insurance Company Exception. We cannot provide any assurance that such proposed regulations, when 

finalized, will not cause the Company to be treated as a PFIC. Further, the IRS may issue guidance that causes us to 

fail to qualify for the Insurance Company Exception on a prospective or retroactive basis.

Thus,  although  not  free  from  doubt,  the  Company  does  not  believe  it  is  likely  to  be  treated  as  a  PFIC  for 

the  current  year  and  does  not  believe  it  is  likely  to  be  so  treated  in  foreseeable  future  years.  However,  the  PFIC 

determination is factual in nature and is made annually. In particular, it will depend on the relative assets and insurance 

liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries and on the manner in which they conduct their businesses and how they are 

regulated.

(“PFIC”) Rules.”

Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Company will not be a PFIC for the current year or will not 

become  a  PFIC  in  any  future  taxable  year. A  U.S.  investor  that  owns  Company  common  shares  during  any  year 

in  which  the  Company  is  a  PFIC  will  generally  be  subject  to  adverse  U.S.  federal  income  tax  consequences.  See 

“Taxation  —  Material  United  States  Federal  Income Tax  Considerations  —  Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company 

Changes in tax law might adversely affect the Company or our shareholders.

The  tax  treatment  of  an  investment  in  our  common  shares  may  be  the  subject  of  future  tax  legislation.  For 

example,  the TCJA  among  other  things,  made  significant  changes  to  the  PFIC  rules  applicable  to  the  taxation  of 

U.S. holders of the Company’s common shares (which are discussed in greater detail herein). Further changes in tax 

laws (including the PFIC rules) could adversely affect holders of our common shares.

No  prediction  can  be  made  as  to  whether  any  particular  proposed  legislation  will  be  enacted  or,  if  enacted, 

what  the  specific  provisions  or  the  effective  date  of  any  such  legislation  would  be,  or  whether  it  would  have  any 

effect on us. As such, we cannot assure you that future legislative, administrative or judicial developments will not 

result in an increase in the amount of U.S. tax payable by us or by an investor in our equity securities. If any such 

developments occur, it could have a material and adverse effect on an investor or our business, financial condition, 

results of operations and cash flows.

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65

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023On April 8, 2020, the UK PRA issued a statement that “when insurers are considering whether or not to proceed 

with any dividend payments, their boards should pay close attention to the need to protect policyholders and maintain 

safety and soundness. Decisions regarding capital or significant risk management issues need to be informed by a 

range of scenarios, including very severe ones.”

In addition, the European Insurance and Occupational Pension Authority (“EIOPA”) stated in its December 2020 

Financial Stability Report that it “strongly recommends insurers to maintain extreme caution and prudence within their 

capital management.” EIOPA also stated that any dividend distributions “should not exceed thresholds of prudency and 

institutions should ensure that the resulting reduction in the quantity or quality of their own funds remains at levels 

appropriate to the current levels of risks.”

In May 2022, the Company’s board of directors determined that going forward the board intended to declare a 

$0.01 per share dividend on a quarterly basis. However, the board of directors has not yet made any final decisions 

with respect to its dividend policy. Any decision to declare dividends will be made based on an evaluation and review 

of the Company’s latest results and the Company’s analysis of its pending claims, market conditions, and advice from 

the Company’s regulators, among other factors. In addition, as a Bermuda exempted company, the Company must 

comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies Act  regulating  the  payment  of  dividends  and  making  distributions 

from contributed surplus. The Company may not declare or pay a dividend, or make a distribution out of contributed 

surplus, if there are reasonable grounds for believing that: (a) the company is, or would after the payment be, unable 

to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b) the realizable value of the company’s assets would thereby be less than 

its liabilities.

Taxation Risks

Intra-group arrangements found not to be on arm’s length terms may adversely affect our tax charge.

Trading relationships between our members in different jurisdictions will in general be subject to the transfer 

pricing regimes of the jurisdictions concerned. We intend to operate intra-group trading arrangements and relationships 

on demonstrable and documented arm’s length terms. If, however, such trading arrangements were found not to be on 

arm’s length terms, adjustments might be required to taxable profits in the relevant jurisdictions, which could lead to 

an increase in our overall tax charge; this could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial 

condition.

Legislation  to  adopt  these  standards  has  been  enacted  or  is  currently  under  consideration  in  a  number  of 

jurisdictions,  including  country-by-country  reporting. As  a  result,  our  earnings  may  be  subject  to  income  tax,  or 

intercompany payments may be subject to withholding tax, in jurisdictions where they are not currently taxed or at 

higher rates of tax than currently taxed. The applicable tax authorities could also attempt to apply such taxes to past 

earnings and payments. Any such additional taxes could materially increase our effective tax rate. Also, the adoption 

of these standards may increase the complexity and costs associated with tax compliance and adversely affect our 

financial position and results of operations.

The Company could be or may become a passive foreign investment company, by reason of its subsidiaries failing 

to qualify as “qualified insurance corporations,” which also could result in other adverse U.S. federal income tax 

consequences.

Significant potential adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, including certain reporting requirements, 

generally apply to any U.S. person who owns shares in a passive foreign investment company (a “PFIC”). Although 

not free from doubt, we do not believe it is likely the Company will be classified as a PFIC for the current taxable year. 

However, we cannot provide assurance that the Company will not be a PFIC for the current year or will not become a 

PFIC in any future taxable year.

A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a passive foreign investment company for any taxable year if either 
at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income or at least 50% of the value of its assets 
(based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce 
or are held for the production of passive income. For purposes of the PFIC rules, a corporation is treated as owning its 
proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which 
it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock (the “Look-Through Rule”).

Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived 
from  the  active  conduct  of  a  trade  or  business),  passive  assets  generally  include  assets  held  for  the  production  of 
such income, and gains from the disposition of passive assets are generally all included in passive income. Special 
rules apply, however, in determining whether the income of an insurance company is passive income for purposes 
of these rules. Specifically, income derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a “qualified insurance 
corporation” (a “QIC”) is excluded from the definition of passive income, even though that income would otherwise 
be considered passive (the “Insurance Company Exception”). The Insurance Company Exception provides a modified 
version of the Look-Through Rule which allows a QIC to treat certain income and assets of its non-QIC subsidiaries 
as active income or assets.

Although not free from doubt, the Company believes that between the Insurance Company Exception and the 
Look-Through Rule, a sufficient amount of its subsidiaries’ income and assets will be treated as active for the Company 
not to qualify as a PFIC. We cannot provide assurance that the IRS will not successfully challenge our interpretation 
of the scope of the Insurance Company Exception and our qualification for the exception.

In addition, changes in law can adversely affect the Company and its subsidiaries’ abilities to qualify for the 
Insurance Company Exception, modify the Look-Through Rule as applied for that exception, or otherwise cause the 
Company to qualify as a PFIC, possibly with retroactive effect. In particular, the U.S. Treasury has proposed regulations 
regarding the Insurance Company Exception. We cannot provide any assurance that such proposed regulations, when 
finalized, will not cause the Company to be treated as a PFIC. Further, the IRS may issue guidance that causes us to 
fail to qualify for the Insurance Company Exception on a prospective or retroactive basis.

Thus,  although  not  free  from  doubt,  the  Company  does  not  believe  it  is  likely  to  be  treated  as  a  PFIC  for 
the  current  year  and  does  not  believe  it  is  likely  to  be  so  treated  in  foreseeable  future  years.  However,  the  PFIC 
determination is factual in nature and is made annually. In particular, it will depend on the relative assets and insurance 
liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries and on the manner in which they conduct their businesses and how they are 
regulated.

Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the Company will not be a PFIC for the current year or will not 
become  a  PFIC  in  any  future  taxable  year. A  U.S.  investor  that  owns  Company  common  shares  during  any  year 
in  which  the  Company  is  a  PFIC  will  generally  be  subject  to  adverse  U.S.  federal  income  tax  consequences.  See 
“Taxation  —  Material  United  States  Federal  Income Tax  Considerations  —  Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company 
(“PFIC”) Rules.”

Changes in tax law might adversely affect the Company or our shareholders.

The  tax  treatment  of  an  investment  in  our  common  shares  may  be  the  subject  of  future  tax  legislation.  For 
example,  the TCJA  among  other  things,  made  significant  changes  to  the  PFIC  rules  applicable  to  the  taxation  of 
U.S. holders of the Company’s common shares (which are discussed in greater detail herein). Further changes in tax 
laws (including the PFIC rules) could adversely affect holders of our common shares.

No  prediction  can  be  made  as  to  whether  any  particular  proposed  legislation  will  be  enacted  or,  if  enacted, 
what  the  specific  provisions  or  the  effective  date  of  any  such  legislation  would  be,  or  whether  it  would  have  any 
effect on us. As such, we cannot assure you that future legislative, administrative or judicial developments will not 
result in an increase in the amount of U.S. tax payable by us or by an investor in our equity securities. If any such 
developments occur, it could have a material and adverse effect on an investor or our business, financial condition, 
results of operations and cash flows.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          General Risk Factors

A prolonged recession or a period of significant turmoil in international financial markets could adversely affect 
our business, liquidity and financial condition and our share price.

In  recent  years,  global  financial  markets  have  been  characterized  by  volatility  and  uncertainty.  Unfavorable 
economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or make credit harder 
to  obtain.  Uncertainties  in  the  financial  and  commodity  markets  may  also  affect  our  counterparties  which  could 
adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.

Deterioration or volatility in the financial markets or general economic and political conditions could result in a 
prolonged economic downturn or trigger another recession and our operating results, financial position and liquidity 
could be materially and adversely affected. Further, unfavorable economic conditions could have a material adverse 
effect on certain of the lines of business we write, including, but not limited to, political risks and professional liability.

International financial market disruptions such as the ones experienced in the last global financial crisis in 2008, 
as well as the economic effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict 
along with the possibility of a prolonged recession, may potentially affect various aspects of our business, including the 
demand for and claims made under our products, counterparty credit risk, the ability of our customers, counterparties 
and others to establish or maintain their relationships with us, our ability to access and efficiently use internal and 
external capital resources and our investment performance. Volatility in the U.S. and other securities markets may 
also adversely affect our share price. Depending on future market conditions, we could incur substantial realized and 
unrealized losses in future periods, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, 
credit ratings, insurance subsidiaries’ capital levels and our ability to access capital markets.

Loss of business reputation or negative publicity could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

We are vulnerable to adverse market perception because we operate in an industry where integrity and customer 
trust and confidence are paramount. In addition, any negative publicity (whether accurate or inaccurate) associated 
with our business or operations could result in a loss of clients and/or business and could result in decreased demand. 
We also may be negatively impacted if competitors in one or more of our markets engage in practices resulting in 
increased  public  attention  to  our  business. Accordingly,  any  mismanagement,  fraud  or  failure  to  satisfy  fiduciary 
responsibilities, or the negative publicity resulting from these or other activities or any allegation of such activities, 
could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. These factors may further increase 
our costs of doing business and adversely affect our profitability by impeding our ability to market our products and 
services,  requiring  us  to  change  our  products  or  services  or  by  increasing  the  regulatory  burdens  under  which  we 
operate.

Changes in employment laws, taxation and acceptable compensation practice may limit our ability to attract senior 
employees to our current operating platforms.

Our business and operations are, by their nature, international and we compete for senior employees on a global 
basis.  Changes  in  local  employment  legislation,  taxation  and  the  approach  of  regulatory  bodies  to  compensation 
practices within our operating jurisdictions may impact our ability to recruit or retain senior employees or the cost to 
us of doing so. Any failure to retain senior employees may adversely affect the strategic growth of our business and 
operating results.

We may be adversely impacted by inflation.

We  monitor  the  risk  that  the  principal  markets  in  which  we  operate  could  experience  increased  inflationary 
conditions, which would, among other things, cause our costs to increase, and impact the performance of our investment 
portfolio. We believe the risk of inflation across our key markets is increasing. The impact of inflation on loss costs 
could be more pronounced for those lines of business that are considered to be long-tail in nature, as they require a 
relatively long period of time to finalize and settle claims. Changes in the level of inflation also result in an increased 
level of uncertainty in our estimation of loss reserves, particularly for specialty long-tail segment lines of business. The 
onset, duration and severity of an inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision.

Fluctuations  in  operating  results,  earnings  and  other  factors,  including  incidents  involving  our  customers  and 

negative media coverage, may result in significant decreases in the price of our securities.

The stock markets experience volatility that is often unrelated to operating performance. These broad market 

fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common shares and, as a result, there may be significant 

volatility in the market price of our common shares. If we are unable to operate profitably as investors expect, the 

market price of our common shares will likely decline when it becomes apparent that the market expectations may not 

be realized. In addition to operating results, many economic and seasonal factors outside of our control could have 

an adverse effect on the price of our common shares and increase fluctuations in our earnings. These factors include 

certain of the risks discussed herein, operating results of other companies in the same industry, changes in financial 

estimates or recommendations of securities analysts, speculation in the press or investment community, negative media 

coverage, the risk of potential legal proceedings or government investigations, the possible effects of war, terrorism 

and other hostilities (such as the war in Ukraine or the Israel-Hamas conflict), the effects of global pandemics such as 

the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse weather conditions, changes in general conditions in the economy or the financial 

markets or other developments affecting the insurance industry.

A  market  for  our  securities  may  not  be  sustained,  which  would  adversely  affect  the  liquidity  and  price  of  our 

securities.

Although our securities are listed on Nasdaq, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for our 

securities will be sustained. In addition, the price of our securities could fluctuate significantly for various reasons, 

many of which are outside our control, such as large purchases or sales of the common shares, legislative changes and 

general economic, political or regulatory conditions. The release of our financial results may also cause our share price 

to vary. If an active market for our securities does not develop, it may be difficult for you to sell our common shares 

you own or purchase without depressing the market price for the shares or to sell the shares at all. The existence of an 

active trading market for our securities will depend to a significant extent on our ability to continue to meet the Nasdaq 

listing requirements, which we may be unable to accomplish.

The price of our common shares may be volatile.

The price of our common shares may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our semi-annual and annual results and those of other public companies 

in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

mergers and strategic alliances in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

market prices and conditions in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

changes in government regulation applicable us and our subsidiaries and the industry in which we operate;

potential or actual military conflicts, acts of terrorism or the effects of global pandemics such as the novel 

coronavirus;

the  failure  of  securities  analysts  to  publish  research  about  the  Company,  or  shortfalls  in  our  operating 

results compared to levels forecast by securities analysts;

announcements concerning us or our competitors; and

the general state of the securities markets.

These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common shares, regardless of 

our operating performance.

Reports  published  by  analysts,  including  projections  in  those  reports  that  differ  from  our  actual  results,  could 

adversely affect the price and trading volume of our common shares.

Securities  research  analysts  from  time  to  time  may  publish  reports  about  our  business,  including  estimated 

projections of our future performance. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results 

we achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research 

45

46

67

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023General Risk Factors

A prolonged recession or a period of significant turmoil in international financial markets could adversely affect 

our business, liquidity and financial condition and our share price.

In  recent  years,  global  financial  markets  have  been  characterized  by  volatility  and  uncertainty.  Unfavorable 

economic conditions could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or make credit harder 

to  obtain.  Uncertainties  in  the  financial  and  commodity  markets  may  also  affect  our  counterparties  which  could 

adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us.

Deterioration or volatility in the financial markets or general economic and political conditions could result in a 

prolonged economic downturn or trigger another recession and our operating results, financial position and liquidity 

could be materially and adversely affected. Further, unfavorable economic conditions could have a material adverse 

effect on certain of the lines of business we write, including, but not limited to, political risks and professional liability.

International financial market disruptions such as the ones experienced in the last global financial crisis in 2008, 

as well as the economic effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and the Israel-Hamas conflict 

along with the possibility of a prolonged recession, may potentially affect various aspects of our business, including the 

demand for and claims made under our products, counterparty credit risk, the ability of our customers, counterparties 

and others to establish or maintain their relationships with us, our ability to access and efficiently use internal and 

external capital resources and our investment performance. Volatility in the U.S. and other securities markets may 

also adversely affect our share price. Depending on future market conditions, we could incur substantial realized and 

unrealized losses in future periods, which may have an adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition, 

credit ratings, insurance subsidiaries’ capital levels and our ability to access capital markets.

Loss of business reputation or negative publicity could negatively impact our business and results of operations.

We are vulnerable to adverse market perception because we operate in an industry where integrity and customer 

trust and confidence are paramount. In addition, any negative publicity (whether accurate or inaccurate) associated 

with our business or operations could result in a loss of clients and/or business and could result in decreased demand. 

We also may be negatively impacted if competitors in one or more of our markets engage in practices resulting in 

increased  public  attention  to  our  business. Accordingly,  any  mismanagement,  fraud  or  failure  to  satisfy  fiduciary 

responsibilities, or the negative publicity resulting from these or other activities or any allegation of such activities, 

could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. These factors may further increase 

our costs of doing business and adversely affect our profitability by impeding our ability to market our products and 

services,  requiring  us  to  change  our  products  or  services  or  by  increasing  the  regulatory  burdens  under  which  we 

operate.

Changes in employment laws, taxation and acceptable compensation practice may limit our ability to attract senior 

employees to our current operating platforms.

Our business and operations are, by their nature, international and we compete for senior employees on a global 

basis.  Changes  in  local  employment  legislation,  taxation  and  the  approach  of  regulatory  bodies  to  compensation 

practices within our operating jurisdictions may impact our ability to recruit or retain senior employees or the cost to 

us of doing so. Any failure to retain senior employees may adversely affect the strategic growth of our business and 

operating results.

We may be adversely impacted by inflation.

We  monitor  the  risk  that  the  principal  markets  in  which  we  operate  could  experience  increased  inflationary 

conditions, which would, among other things, cause our costs to increase, and impact the performance of our investment 

portfolio. We believe the risk of inflation across our key markets is increasing. The impact of inflation on loss costs 

could be more pronounced for those lines of business that are considered to be long-tail in nature, as they require a 

relatively long period of time to finalize and settle claims. Changes in the level of inflation also result in an increased 

level of uncertainty in our estimation of loss reserves, particularly for specialty long-tail segment lines of business. The 

onset, duration and severity of an inflationary period cannot be estimated with precision.

Fluctuations  in  operating  results,  earnings  and  other  factors,  including  incidents  involving  our  customers  and 
negative media coverage, may result in significant decreases in the price of our securities.

The stock markets experience volatility that is often unrelated to operating performance. These broad market 
fluctuations may adversely affect the trading price of our common shares and, as a result, there may be significant 
volatility in the market price of our common shares. If we are unable to operate profitably as investors expect, the 
market price of our common shares will likely decline when it becomes apparent that the market expectations may not 
be realized. In addition to operating results, many economic and seasonal factors outside of our control could have 
an adverse effect on the price of our common shares and increase fluctuations in our earnings. These factors include 
certain of the risks discussed herein, operating results of other companies in the same industry, changes in financial 
estimates or recommendations of securities analysts, speculation in the press or investment community, negative media 
coverage, the risk of potential legal proceedings or government investigations, the possible effects of war, terrorism 
and other hostilities (such as the war in Ukraine or the Israel-Hamas conflict), the effects of global pandemics such as 
the COVID-19 pandemic, adverse weather conditions, changes in general conditions in the economy or the financial 
markets or other developments affecting the insurance industry.

A  market  for  our  securities  may  not  be  sustained,  which  would  adversely  affect  the  liquidity  and  price  of  our 
securities.

Although our securities are listed on Nasdaq, there can be no assurances that an active trading market for our 
securities will be sustained. In addition, the price of our securities could fluctuate significantly for various reasons, 
many of which are outside our control, such as large purchases or sales of the common shares, legislative changes and 
general economic, political or regulatory conditions. The release of our financial results may also cause our share price 
to vary. If an active market for our securities does not develop, it may be difficult for you to sell our common shares 
you own or purchase without depressing the market price for the shares or to sell the shares at all. The existence of an 
active trading market for our securities will depend to a significant extent on our ability to continue to meet the Nasdaq 
listing requirements, which we may be unable to accomplish.

The price of our common shares may be volatile.

The price of our common shares may fluctuate due to a variety of factors, including:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our semi-annual and annual results and those of other public companies 
in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

mergers and strategic alliances in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

market prices and conditions in the insurance and reinsurance industry;

changes in government regulation applicable us and our subsidiaries and the industry in which we operate;

potential or actual military conflicts, acts of terrorism or the effects of global pandemics such as the novel 
coronavirus;

the  failure  of  securities  analysts  to  publish  research  about  the  Company,  or  shortfalls  in  our  operating 
results compared to levels forecast by securities analysts;

announcements concerning us or our competitors; and

the general state of the securities markets.

These market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common shares, regardless of 

our operating performance.

Reports  published  by  analysts,  including  projections  in  those  reports  that  differ  from  our  actual  results,  could 
adversely affect the price and trading volume of our common shares.

Securities  research  analysts  from  time  to  time  may  publish  reports  about  our  business,  including  estimated 
projections of our future performance. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results 
we achieve. Our share price may decline if our actual results do not match the projections of these securities research 

45

46

68

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on the Company downgrades our common shares 
or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of 
these analysts ceases coverage of the Company or fails to publish reports on the Company regularly, our share price 
or trading volume could decline. While we expect research analyst coverage, if no analysts commence coverage of the 
Company, the trading price and volume for our common shares could be adversely affected.

B. Business Overview

Securityholders should read this section in conjunction with the more detailed information about the Company 

contained in this annual report, including our audited financial statements and the other information appearing in the 

section entitled “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

ITEM 4. 

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

General

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. was incorporated on October 28, 2019 under the laws of Bermuda 
as an exempted company solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination, which was consummated on 
March 17, 2020, at which time we became a public company. Prior to the Business Combination, the Company owned 
no material assets and did not operate any business. We are the successor to the insurance business of International 
General Insurance Holdings, Ltd., a Dubai corporation founded in 2001.

Our registered office is located at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Our principal 
executive office is located at 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, PO Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan, and our telephone 
number is +962 6 562 2009. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, located at 
850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, DE 19711.

On October 10, 2019, IGI Dubai entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “Business 
Combination Agreement”) with Tiberius Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Tiberius”), Lagniappe 
Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), Wasef Jabsheh (solely in his capacity as the 
representative  of  the  holders  of  IGI  Dubai’s  outstanding  capital  shares  (the  “Sellers”))  and,  pursuant  to  a  joinder 
thereto, the Company and Tiberius Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the 
Company (“Merger Sub”).

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other matters, on March 17, 2020 (1) Merger Sub 
merged with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving the merger and each of the former security holders of Tiberius 
receiving  securities  of  the  Company  (the  “Merger”)  and  (2)  all  of  the  outstanding  share  capital  of  IGI  Dubai  was 
exchanged by the Sellers for a combination of common shares of the Company and aggregate cash consideration of 
$80.0 million (the “Share Exchange” and, together with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the 
Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

In  accordance  with  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Business  Combination Agreement,  each  of Tiberius  and 
IGI Dubai became a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned by the prior 
stockholders of Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business Combination 
pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, our common shares and warrants to purchase common 
shares became listed on Nasdaq.

Other than in connection with the Business Combination, since our incorporation, there have been no material 
changes  to  our  share  capital,  mergers,  amalgamations  or  consolidations  of  the  Company  or  any  of  our  significant 
subsidiaries, no acquisitions or dispositions of material assets other than in the ordinary course of business, no material 
changes in the mode of conducting our business, no material changes in the types of products produced or services 
rendered and no name changes. There have been no bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings with respect to 
the Company or its significant subsidiaries. There have been no public takeover offers by third parties for our shares 
nor any public takeover offers by us for the shares of another company which have occurred during the last or current 
financial years.

The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information 

regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC which is accessible at www.sec.gov.

Our principal website address is www.iginsure.com. The information contained on our website does not form a 

part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this annual report.

General

profitability.

We are a highly-rated global provider of specialty insurance and reinsurance solutions in over 200 countries 

and territories. We underwrite a diversified portfolio of specialty risks including energy, property, construction and 

engineering, ports and terminals, general aviation, political violence, professional lines, financial institutions, marine, 

contingency and treaty reinsurance. Our size affords us the ability to be nimble and seek out profitable niches that can 

generate attractive underwriting results. Our underwriting focus is supported by exceptional service to our clients and 

brokers. Founded in 2001, we and our predecessors have prudently grown our business with a focus on underwriting 

Our primary objective is to underwrite specialty products that maximize return on equity subject to prudent risk 

constraints on the amount of capital we expose to any single event. We follow a careful and disciplined underwriting 

strategy  with  a  focus  on  individually  underwritten  specialty  risks  through  in-depth  assessment  of  the  underlying 

exposure. We  use  data  analytics  and  modern  technology  to  offer  our  clients  flexible  products  and  customized  and 

granular pricing. We manage our risks through a variety of means, including contract terms, portfolio selection and 

underwriting  and  geographic  diversification.  Our  underwriting  strategy  is  supplemented  by  a  comprehensive  risk 

transfer  program  with  reinsurance  coverage  from  highly-rated  reinsurers  that  we  believe  lowers  our  volatility  of 

earnings and provides appropriate levels of protection in the event of a major loss event.

Our  Executive  Chairman, Wasef  Jabsheh,  with  the  assistance  of  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer, 

Walid Jabsheh, founded IGI in 2001. Wasef Jabsheh has over 50 years of industry experience. Under our management’s 

leadership  we  have  developed  a  culture  of  prudent  and  disciplined  underwriting  focused  on  generating  superior 

risk-adjusted returns. Our “underwriting first” approach has led to a strong track record of profitable growth in our 

core lines of business and has allowed for successful expansion into new lines of business and geographic locations 

without  compromising  underwriting  profitability.  We  have  expanded  our  gross  written  premium  (“GWP”)  from 

$467 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the year we became a public company) to $689 million for the 

year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.8%, while delivering a 

consistently strong underwriting performance which is demonstrated by an average combined ratio of 82.7% over the 

same time period. Our growth and underwriting performance have allowed us to post consistently strong profitability 

levels with an unlevered return on average equity of 17.0% over the same time period with limited volatility through 

market cycles.

Our  primary  underwriting  subsidiary,  IGI  Bermuda,  is  a  class  3B  insurance  and  reinsurance  company 

regulated by the BMA. IGI Bermuda’s subsidiary, IGI UK, underwrites UK and international domiciled business 

and risks that are predominantly sourced through London brokers and is regulated by the PRA and the FCA. We 

underwrite insurance in the EU through our Malta subsidiary, IGI Europe, which is regulated by the MFSA. We 

maintain our centralized operational functions in Amman, Jordan, complemented by offices in London and Dubai 

and our Asia Pacific hub in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We are licensed as a Tier 2 reinsurer in Labuan, Malaysia 

and have a representative office in Casablanca, Morocco. We also operate in Norway through our Norway-based 

managing general agency IGI Nordic AS.

Our  presence  in  various  geographic  locations  provides  us  with  access  to  global  business  in  profitable  niche 

markets. Our technical underwriting capabilities, client service, nimble culture and ability to quickly adapt to changing 

market conditions further support our strong market position and reputation as an expert in niche businesses in our 

core geographies.

47

48

69

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on the Company downgrades our common shares 

or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our share price could decline. If one or more of 

these analysts ceases coverage of the Company or fails to publish reports on the Company regularly, our share price 

or trading volume could decline. While we expect research analyst coverage, if no analysts commence coverage of the 

Company, the trading price and volume for our common shares could be adversely affected.

ITEM 4. 

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

A. History and Development of the Company

General

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. was incorporated on October 28, 2019 under the laws of Bermuda 

as an exempted company solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination, which was consummated on 

March 17, 2020, at which time we became a public company. Prior to the Business Combination, the Company owned 

no material assets and did not operate any business. We are the successor to the insurance business of International 

General Insurance Holdings, Ltd., a Dubai corporation founded in 2001.

Our registered office is located at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Our principal 

executive office is located at 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, PO Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan, and our telephone 

number is +962 6 562 2009. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Puglisi & Associates, located at 

850 Library Avenue, Suite 204, Newark, DE 19711.

On October 10, 2019, IGI Dubai entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended, the “Business 

Combination Agreement”) with Tiberius Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Tiberius”), Lagniappe 

Ventures LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Sponsor”), Wasef Jabsheh (solely in his capacity as the 

representative  of  the  holders  of  IGI  Dubai’s  outstanding  capital  shares  (the  “Sellers”))  and,  pursuant  to  a  joinder 

thereto, the Company and Tiberius Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of the 

Company (“Merger Sub”).

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other matters, on March 17, 2020 (1) Merger Sub 

merged with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving the merger and each of the former security holders of Tiberius 

receiving  securities  of  the  Company  (the  “Merger”)  and  (2)  all  of  the  outstanding  share  capital  of  IGI  Dubai  was 

exchanged by the Sellers for a combination of common shares of the Company and aggregate cash consideration of 

$80.0 million (the “Share Exchange” and, together with the Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the 

Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

In  accordance  with  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Business  Combination Agreement,  each  of Tiberius  and 

IGI Dubai became a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned by the prior 

stockholders of Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business Combination 

pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, our common shares and warrants to purchase common 

shares became listed on Nasdaq.

Other than in connection with the Business Combination, since our incorporation, there have been no material 

changes  to  our  share  capital,  mergers,  amalgamations  or  consolidations  of  the  Company  or  any  of  our  significant 

subsidiaries, no acquisitions or dispositions of material assets other than in the ordinary course of business, no material 

changes in the mode of conducting our business, no material changes in the types of products produced or services 

rendered and no name changes. There have been no bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings with respect to 

the Company or its significant subsidiaries. There have been no public takeover offers by third parties for our shares 

nor any public takeover offers by us for the shares of another company which have occurred during the last or current 

financial years.

The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information 

regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC which is accessible at www.sec.gov.

Our principal website address is www.iginsure.com. The information contained on our website does not form a 

part of, and is not incorporated by reference into, this annual report.

B. Business Overview

Securityholders should read this section in conjunction with the more detailed information about the Company 
contained in this annual report, including our audited financial statements and the other information appearing in the 
section entitled “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

General

We are a highly-rated global provider of specialty insurance and reinsurance solutions in over 200 countries 
and territories. We underwrite a diversified portfolio of specialty risks including energy, property, construction and 
engineering, ports and terminals, general aviation, political violence, professional lines, financial institutions, marine, 
contingency and treaty reinsurance. Our size affords us the ability to be nimble and seek out profitable niches that can 
generate attractive underwriting results. Our underwriting focus is supported by exceptional service to our clients and 
brokers. Founded in 2001, we and our predecessors have prudently grown our business with a focus on underwriting 
profitability.

Our primary objective is to underwrite specialty products that maximize return on equity subject to prudent risk 
constraints on the amount of capital we expose to any single event. We follow a careful and disciplined underwriting 
strategy  with  a  focus  on  individually  underwritten  specialty  risks  through  in-depth  assessment  of  the  underlying 
exposure. We  use  data  analytics  and  modern  technology  to  offer  our  clients  flexible  products  and  customized  and 
granular pricing. We manage our risks through a variety of means, including contract terms, portfolio selection and 
underwriting  and  geographic  diversification.  Our  underwriting  strategy  is  supplemented  by  a  comprehensive  risk 
transfer  program  with  reinsurance  coverage  from  highly-rated  reinsurers  that  we  believe  lowers  our  volatility  of 
earnings and provides appropriate levels of protection in the event of a major loss event.

Our  Executive  Chairman, Wasef  Jabsheh,  with  the  assistance  of  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer, 
Walid Jabsheh, founded IGI in 2001. Wasef Jabsheh has over 50 years of industry experience. Under our management’s 
leadership  we  have  developed  a  culture  of  prudent  and  disciplined  underwriting  focused  on  generating  superior 
risk-adjusted returns. Our “underwriting first” approach has led to a strong track record of profitable growth in our 
core lines of business and has allowed for successful expansion into new lines of business and geographic locations 
without  compromising  underwriting  profitability.  We  have  expanded  our  gross  written  premium  (“GWP”)  from 
$467 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the year we became a public company) to $689 million for the 
year ended December 31, 2023, resulting in a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.8%, while delivering a 
consistently strong underwriting performance which is demonstrated by an average combined ratio of 82.7% over the 
same time period. Our growth and underwriting performance have allowed us to post consistently strong profitability 
levels with an unlevered return on average equity of 17.0% over the same time period with limited volatility through 
market cycles.

Our  primary  underwriting  subsidiary,  IGI  Bermuda,  is  a  class  3B  insurance  and  reinsurance  company 
regulated by the BMA. IGI Bermuda’s subsidiary, IGI UK, underwrites UK and international domiciled business 
and risks that are predominantly sourced through London brokers and is regulated by the PRA and the FCA. We 
underwrite insurance in the EU through our Malta subsidiary, IGI Europe, which is regulated by the MFSA. We 
maintain our centralized operational functions in Amman, Jordan, complemented by offices in London and Dubai 
and our Asia Pacific hub in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. We are licensed as a Tier 2 reinsurer in Labuan, Malaysia 
and have a representative office in Casablanca, Morocco. We also operate in Norway through our Norway-based 
managing general agency IGI Nordic AS.

Our  presence  in  various  geographic  locations  provides  us  with  access  to  global  business  in  profitable  niche 
markets. Our technical underwriting capabilities, client service, nimble culture and ability to quickly adapt to changing 
market conditions further support our strong market position and reputation as an expert in niche businesses in our 
core geographies.

47

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we distinguish ourselves from our competitors as follows:

Market respected and highly effective management team

Our management team has an average of over 30 years of relevant experience working in insurance, reinsurance 
and capital markets in various countries. We are led by our Founder and Executive Chairman, Wasef Jabsheh, who has 
over 50 years of industry experience and has been recognized with multiple industry accolades. Our key management 
team has worked together for several years, providing stability and consistency of approach to the market. In addition, 
our senior management team takes a hands-on approach to the business and is readily accessible to the underwriters and 
other employees, making for a flat structure where decisions are made quickly. The management team has embedded 
a high performance, service-oriented culture within the Company, which has helped differentiate us in the market and 
resulted in IGI receiving the “Reinsurance Company of the Year” award at the 2020 Middle East Insurance Industry 
Awards.

Local knowledge and access to attractive geographies

Our local knowledge and presence in attractive markets is a competitive advantage. We have exposure in over 
200 countries and territories in both mature and high-growth markets with attractive growth rates. Through our global 
platform with presence in various geographic locations, the vast experience of our senior management and underwriters 
and our long-standing relationships with an extensive network of specialty brokers, we have differentiated access to 
profitable niche businesses in our core markets, including the UK, continental Europe, Latin America, the Middle East 
and Asia.

Long-standing relationships with key brokers

Our longstanding relationships with brokers, and ultimately clients, enable us to receive a regular and sizeable 
flow of our preferred business. We source almost all of our business through brokers, with our top five international 
brokers producing 63% of our premiums in the year ended December 31, 2023. We have held relationships with many 
of those brokers since inception. We believe that we have been able to develop strong broker relationships through the 
high quality of service that we provide and also through our enhanced reputation in the marketplace.

A pillar of our high quality client service is prompt and professional claims management. We use Xchanging 
Insurance Services’ electronic system for the majority of our premiums and claims, aligning our service levels with 
London market standards.

Geographically diverse, specialty and niche book of business

Since  IGI’s  inception,  management’s  objective  has  been  to  offer  specialty  and  niche  products  requiring 
underwriting and technical skills balanced by geography and line of business. We actively manage our exposures by 
geographic zone to maintain a diverse portfolio of underlying risks. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we wrote 
28.4% of our business in the United Kingdom, 13.0% in North America, 12.1% in Continental Europe, 7.0% in Latin 
America, 9.1% in the Middle East and 10.4% in Asia. The remaining business was underwritten in the Caribbean, 
Africa  and Australasia. We  currently  underwrite  business  in  three  business  segments  through  13  lines  of  business 
spanning  across  attractive  specialty  and  niche  products.  Of  $688.7  million  in  gross  written  premiums  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2023, 32.9% was generated by our specialty long-tail segment, 58.2% by the specialty short-tail 
segment and 8.9% by the reinsurance segment.

Disciplined risk selection

Our underwriting approach combines decades of customized underwriting experience of our management and 
underwriting teams with sophisticated modelling tools that utilize actuarial data across all of our lines of business. Our 
analytical pricing framework is embedded in our business and is incorporated into our pricing metrics, underwriting 
and risk management. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 67.0% of our business was individually underwritten 
where our underwriters analyzed submissions and determined if the underlying risk of each contract met our overall 
risk  and  profitability  requirements.  In  addition,  24.1%  was  sourced  through  Managing  General  Agents,  that  are 

required  to  strictly  adhere  to  our  narrowly  defined  underwriting  criteria  and  return  thresholds  and  only  8.9%  was 

originated through reinsurance treaties. We believe that our analytically-driven underwriting approach has been the 

foundation of our ability to generate attractive risk-adjusted underwriting margins.

Prudent risk management framework

We  reduce  the  volatility  of  our  operating  results  and  manage  our  exposure  to  catastrophe  events  through 

several risk mitigation strategies, including the purchase of reinsurance from highly-rated reinsurers. We believe that 

our reinsurance program provides appropriate levels of protection and visibility into our earnings. In addition, our 

reinsurance coverage is highly tailored according to the underlying exposure.

Scalable technology-enabled operating platform

Operating  a  technology-enabled  platform  utilizing  a  “hub-approach”  of  maintaining  a  single  profit  center  in 

Amman, Jordan has enabled us to optimize our cost base by offering cost-efficient central services. We have invested 

in technology that has identifiable benefits for our business across underwriting, actuarial, risk, capital and pricing 

functions  among  others.  Since  2015  we  have  implemented  a  digital  transformation  initiative  to  proactively  adapt 

to market changes and industry shifts. This focus on technology has enhanced our approach to clients, brokers and 

regulators, allowing for greater ease of doing business and transparency.

Our Strategy

Expand our presence in existing markets

We aim to continue creating superior long-term value for our shareholders by pursuing the following strategies:

Our size relative to the market opportunity positions us to execute on our strategy of growing in our already 

existing profitable markets and lines of business. We believe that we are well-positioned in the London and Middle 

Eastern markets to capitalize on the increasing focus in those markets on portfolio remediation to improve underwriting 

profitability. In addition, we believe we are beneficiaries of capacity reductions and withdrawals from specific classes 

of businesses by certain (re)insurers. Our differentiated product offerings, superior client service and robust capital 

position support our strategy to continue growing in our existing core markets.

Expand our presence to new specialty lines of business and markets

We  seek  to  leverage  our  proven  advantages  of  technical  underwriting,  local  market  knowledge,  distribution 

relationships and financial strength to grow into adjacent lines and markets. We continually seek to evaluate additional 

lines of business and markets that will complement our core competencies and where we believe we can generate 

attractive risk-adjusted returns. For example, in 2021, we started underwriting our contingency line of business, which 

produced $3.9 million, $11.1 million and $19.7 million of premiums in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In 2021, 

we acquired our Malta subsidiary giving us the capability to continue to underwrite business throughout the European 

Economic Area  (“EEA”).  In April  2020,  we  expanded  into  the  U.S.  market  and  began  writing  excess  and  surplus 

lines of business. Most recently in March 2023, we acquired Energy Insurance Oslo AS (“EIO”), a managing general 

agency duly incorporated under the laws of Norway.

Maintain balance sheet strength and thorough reserves assessment

Our balance sheet strength underpins our clients’ confidence in our business and uniquely positions us among 

other insurers and reinsurers of our size. We maintain a conservative balance sheet, which reflects our rigorous reserving 

practices, use of reinsurance and conservative investment policy. Our business profile including our well-diversified 

and profitable book of business, along with our strong capitalization, among other factors, led to “A” (Excellent)/Stable 

and “A-”/Stable ratings by A.M. Best and S&P Global Ratings, respectively.

We have a thorough reserving adequacy assessment process designed and overseen by qualified internal actuaries. 

The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and for 

the  recommendation  of  the  quantum  of  claims  reserves  to  be  booked. The  committee  includes  members  of  senior 

management  who  represent  underwriting,  claims,  outward  reinsurance  and  finance.  Key  inputs  to  the  committee 

include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  quarterly  actuarial  reserve  review,  presented  by  the  Group  chief  actuary,  and 

discussions with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting. Our policy is to reserve to a “best estimate” basis.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we distinguish ourselves from our competitors as follows:

Market respected and highly effective management team

Our management team has an average of over 30 years of relevant experience working in insurance, reinsurance 

and capital markets in various countries. We are led by our Founder and Executive Chairman, Wasef Jabsheh, who has 

over 50 years of industry experience and has been recognized with multiple industry accolades. Our key management 

team has worked together for several years, providing stability and consistency of approach to the market. In addition, 

our senior management team takes a hands-on approach to the business and is readily accessible to the underwriters and 

other employees, making for a flat structure where decisions are made quickly. The management team has embedded 

a high performance, service-oriented culture within the Company, which has helped differentiate us in the market and 

resulted in IGI receiving the “Reinsurance Company of the Year” award at the 2020 Middle East Insurance Industry 

Awards.

and Asia.

Local knowledge and access to attractive geographies

Our local knowledge and presence in attractive markets is a competitive advantage. We have exposure in over 

200 countries and territories in both mature and high-growth markets with attractive growth rates. Through our global 

platform with presence in various geographic locations, the vast experience of our senior management and underwriters 

and our long-standing relationships with an extensive network of specialty brokers, we have differentiated access to 

profitable niche businesses in our core markets, including the UK, continental Europe, Latin America, the Middle East 

Long-standing relationships with key brokers

Our longstanding relationships with brokers, and ultimately clients, enable us to receive a regular and sizeable 

flow of our preferred business. We source almost all of our business through brokers, with our top five international 

brokers producing 63% of our premiums in the year ended December 31, 2023. We have held relationships with many 

of those brokers since inception. We believe that we have been able to develop strong broker relationships through the 

high quality of service that we provide and also through our enhanced reputation in the marketplace.

A pillar of our high quality client service is prompt and professional claims management. We use Xchanging 

Insurance Services’ electronic system for the majority of our premiums and claims, aligning our service levels with 

London market standards.

Geographically diverse, specialty and niche book of business

Since  IGI’s  inception,  management’s  objective  has  been  to  offer  specialty  and  niche  products  requiring 

underwriting and technical skills balanced by geography and line of business. We actively manage our exposures by 

geographic zone to maintain a diverse portfolio of underlying risks. For the year ended December 31, 2023, we wrote 

28.4% of our business in the United Kingdom, 13.0% in North America, 12.1% in Continental Europe, 7.0% in Latin 

America, 9.1% in the Middle East and 10.4% in Asia. The remaining business was underwritten in the Caribbean, 

Africa  and Australasia. We  currently  underwrite  business  in  three  business  segments  through  13  lines  of  business 

spanning  across  attractive  specialty  and  niche  products.  Of  $688.7  million  in  gross  written  premiums  for  the  year 

ended December 31, 2023, 32.9% was generated by our specialty long-tail segment, 58.2% by the specialty short-tail 

segment and 8.9% by the reinsurance segment.

Disciplined risk selection

Our underwriting approach combines decades of customized underwriting experience of our management and 

underwriting teams with sophisticated modelling tools that utilize actuarial data across all of our lines of business. Our 

analytical pricing framework is embedded in our business and is incorporated into our pricing metrics, underwriting 

and risk management. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 67.0% of our business was individually underwritten 

where our underwriters analyzed submissions and determined if the underlying risk of each contract met our overall 

risk  and  profitability  requirements.  In  addition,  24.1%  was  sourced  through  Managing  General  Agents,  that  are 

required  to  strictly  adhere  to  our  narrowly  defined  underwriting  criteria  and  return  thresholds  and  only  8.9%  was 
originated through reinsurance treaties. We believe that our analytically-driven underwriting approach has been the 
foundation of our ability to generate attractive risk-adjusted underwriting margins.

Prudent risk management framework

We  reduce  the  volatility  of  our  operating  results  and  manage  our  exposure  to  catastrophe  events  through 
several risk mitigation strategies, including the purchase of reinsurance from highly-rated reinsurers. We believe that 
our reinsurance program provides appropriate levels of protection and visibility into our earnings. In addition, our 
reinsurance coverage is highly tailored according to the underlying exposure.

Scalable technology-enabled operating platform

Operating  a  technology-enabled  platform  utilizing  a  “hub-approach”  of  maintaining  a  single  profit  center  in 
Amman, Jordan has enabled us to optimize our cost base by offering cost-efficient central services. We have invested 
in technology that has identifiable benefits for our business across underwriting, actuarial, risk, capital and pricing 
functions  among  others.  Since  2015  we  have  implemented  a  digital  transformation  initiative  to  proactively  adapt 
to market changes and industry shifts. This focus on technology has enhanced our approach to clients, brokers and 
regulators, allowing for greater ease of doing business and transparency.

Our Strategy

We aim to continue creating superior long-term value for our shareholders by pursuing the following strategies:

Expand our presence in existing markets

Our size relative to the market opportunity positions us to execute on our strategy of growing in our already 
existing profitable markets and lines of business. We believe that we are well-positioned in the London and Middle 
Eastern markets to capitalize on the increasing focus in those markets on portfolio remediation to improve underwriting 
profitability. In addition, we believe we are beneficiaries of capacity reductions and withdrawals from specific classes 
of businesses by certain (re)insurers. Our differentiated product offerings, superior client service and robust capital 
position support our strategy to continue growing in our existing core markets.

Expand our presence to new specialty lines of business and markets

We  seek  to  leverage  our  proven  advantages  of  technical  underwriting,  local  market  knowledge,  distribution 
relationships and financial strength to grow into adjacent lines and markets. We continually seek to evaluate additional 
lines of business and markets that will complement our core competencies and where we believe we can generate 
attractive risk-adjusted returns. For example, in 2021, we started underwriting our contingency line of business, which 
produced $3.9 million, $11.1 million and $19.7 million of premiums in 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. In 2021, 
we acquired our Malta subsidiary giving us the capability to continue to underwrite business throughout the European 
Economic Area  (“EEA”).  In April  2020,  we  expanded  into  the  U.S.  market  and  began  writing  excess  and  surplus 
lines of business. Most recently in March 2023, we acquired Energy Insurance Oslo AS (“EIO”), a managing general 
agency duly incorporated under the laws of Norway.

Maintain balance sheet strength and thorough reserves assessment

Our balance sheet strength underpins our clients’ confidence in our business and uniquely positions us among 
other insurers and reinsurers of our size. We maintain a conservative balance sheet, which reflects our rigorous reserving 
practices, use of reinsurance and conservative investment policy. Our business profile including our well-diversified 
and profitable book of business, along with our strong capitalization, among other factors, led to “A” (Excellent)/Stable 
and “A-”/Stable ratings by A.M. Best and S&P Global Ratings, respectively.

We have a thorough reserving adequacy assessment process designed and overseen by qualified internal actuaries. 
The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and for 
the  recommendation  of  the  quantum  of  claims  reserves  to  be  booked. The  committee  includes  members  of  senior 
management  who  represent  underwriting,  claims,  outward  reinsurance  and  finance.  Key  inputs  to  the  committee 
include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  the  quarterly  actuarial  reserve  review,  presented  by  the  Group  chief  actuary,  and 
discussions with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting. Our policy is to reserve to a “best estimate” basis.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Maintain our conservative investment strategy

Financial Institutions

We have a conservative investment strategy, maintaining a short-to-medium term investment portfolio maturity 
profile  with  the  purpose  of  providing  sufficient  liquidity  and  stable  returns  with  limited  volatility.  We  follow  an 
“underwriting first” model and have designed an investment strategy that allows us to maximize our underwriting 
profits in a capital efficient manner. As of December  31, 2023, our investment portfolio was comprised primarily 
of cash and fixed income securities. Cash (including cash equivalents and term deposits) represented 28.6% of our 
invested assets and fixed income securities represented 67.8% of our invested assets as of December 31, 2023. Our 
fixed income portfolio is geographically diverse with a weighted-average modified duration of three years, with 75.6% 
of the securities in our portfolio having an S&P Global Ratings rating of ‘A-’ and above as of December 31, 2023.

Continue to purchase conservative reinsurance coverage, while optimizing for risk-adjusted returns

We believe that protecting our earnings and balance sheet through the use of reinsurance is critical in ensuring 
that we are able to meet obligations to our policyholders and generate strong returns for our shareholders. We are active 
purchasers of reinsurance and seek to find opportunities to maximize risk-adjusted results by finding dislocations and 
inefficiencies in the market. We plan to maintain a conservative, robust reinsurance program to help ensure that we 
are adequately protected against potential catastrophe losses while minimizing the volatility of our operating results.

Our Segments

Our inherent defects insurance line of business represented approximately 1.1% of our GWP for both the years 

We conduct our worldwide operations through three reportable segments under U.S. GAAP segment reporting: 

Specialty Long-tail, Specialty Short-tail and Reinsurance.

Our  Specialty  Long-tail  segment  includes  (a)  our  professional  lines  (non-U.S.)  business,  which  includes  our 
professional indemnity, directors and officers, legal expenses and other casualty lines of business, (b) our financial 
institutions line of business, (c) our marine liability line of business and (d) our inherent defects insurance line of 
business. The lines of business in our specialty long-tail segment are generally characterized by claims that are often 
reported and ultimately paid or settled years, or even decades, after the related loss events occur. As a general rule, 
estimates of accident year or underwriting year ultimate losses for long-tail businesses are notably more uncertain than 
those for short-tail businesses.

Our Specialty Short-tail segment includes our energy (upstream, downstream, power and renewable), property, 
construction and engineering, political violence, ports and terminals, marine cargo, contingency and general aviation 
lines of business. The lines of business in our specialty short-tail segment generally include exposures for which losses 
are usually known and paid within a relatively short period of time after the underlying loss event has occurred. The 
underlying loss events typically tend to be of lower frequency and higher severity.

Our Reinsurance segment includes our inward reinsurance treaty business.

In addition, we have a corporate function (“Corporate”), which includes the activities of the parent company, 
and which carries out certain functions, including investment management. Corporate includes investment income 
on a managed basis and other non-segment expenses, predominantly general and administrative, stock compensation, 
finance and transaction expenses. Corporate also includes the activities of certain key executives such as the President 
and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Our corporate expenses and investment results are presented 
separately within the corporate segment section.

Specialty Long-tail Segment

Professional Lines

Our professional lines of business represented approximately 27.2% and 28.0% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Major  subclasses  within  the  professional  lines  of  business  include  directors’  and  officers’  insurance,  legal 
expenses,  professional  indemnity,  comprehensive  commercial  general  liability,  public  liability,  product  liability, 
employers’ liability, workers’ compensation, event liability, completed operations liability and media and advertising 
liability. We primarily underwrite professional lines risks from Europe and the UK on a “primary” basis, meaning that 
loss up to a limit is covered primarily, or on an excess-of-loss basis.

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Our financial institutions line of business represented approximately 3.8% and 4.2% of our GWP for the years 

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The financial institutions business covers a range of risks including bankers’ blanket bond, financial institutions 

professional indemnity, financial institutions directors’ & officers’ liability, plastic card fraud, electronic computer 

crime, vault risk, cash in transit, commercial crime and fidelity guarantee, and money.

Marine Liability

Our marine liability line of business represented approximately 0.8% and 0.5% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  marine  liability  portfolio  covers  third-party  liabilities  related  to  marine  risks,  including  ship  repairer’s 

liability, ship owner’s protection and indemnity, Wharfinger’s liability, Stevedore’s liability, Charterer’s liability and 

port and terminal excess liability. We focus our marine liability portfolio predominantly on Asia and Europe.

Inherent Defects Insurance

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Specialty Short-tail Segment

Energy

Our inherent defects insurance portfolio covers inherent defects insurance and insurance backed guarantee risks. 

We focus our inherent defects insurance portfolio predominantly on the UK and Europe.

Our energy businesses represented approximately 21.2% and 17.1% of our GWP for the years ended December 31, 

2023 and 2022, respectively. We have a lead capability in both upstream energy and downstream energy (oil & gas, 

petrochemicals, refining, conventional power and renewable energy), with a maximum exposure of $75 million and 

$50 million for any single risk in upstream and downstream energy, respectively. We have a strong presence in major 

energy insurance hubs and in 2018 began underwriting renewable energy.

Our upstream energy team covers the oil and gas industry both offshore and onshore. Our industry knowledge 

and products allow us to service a broad spectrum of clients involved with the construction, exploration & production, 

operating, contracting and decommissioning industries. Our focus is on operators and companies with proven track 

records and strong risk management policies worldwide, with a particular focus in the Middle East, the wider Afro-Asian 

region and Scandinavia, excluding named windstorms in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico area. We have a strong presence 

in major energy insurance hubs, namely the United Kingdom, Norway, the United Arab Emirates and Malaysia. Our 

clients in the upstream energy line of business include major oil and gas corporations, national and state-owned oil 

and gas operations, independent oil and gas companies, integrated energy companies, contractors and service industry 

companies.

Our downstream energy business provides expert insurance for a wide range of onshore energy plants around the 

world, with a particular focus in the Middle East, Afro-Asian, European and Latin American regions. We underwrite a 

portfolio of predominantly operating risks in the onshore energy sector, with an emphasis on operators and companies 

with proven track records and strong risk management policies, with a geographically diversified portfolio. Our clients 

in the downstream energy line of business include petrochemical operators, oil refineries, utilities, independent power 

producer (IPP) companies and energy pipeline operators. We insure a spread of operational risks including machinery 

breakdown and property damage, and associated loss of revenues.

We began underwriting renewable energy in 2018. Our renewable energy business provides expert insurance for 

a wide range of risks including: wind power (onshore and offshore), solar power (photovoltaic, concentrated, thermal 

and floating), bioenergy (biomass, biogas, biofuels and waste-to-energy), hydro, geothermal, wave & tidal, battery 

storage, and other emerging technologies, e.g. energy efficiency. We cover the full life-cycle of a renewable energy 

project, namely construction, marine and inland transit, operational and decommissioning, including associated loss 

of revenues, liabilities, as well as natural catastrophe risks. We write business on a worldwide basis.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Maintain our conservative investment strategy

Financial Institutions

We have a conservative investment strategy, maintaining a short-to-medium term investment portfolio maturity 

profile  with  the  purpose  of  providing  sufficient  liquidity  and  stable  returns  with  limited  volatility.  We  follow  an 

“underwriting first” model and have designed an investment strategy that allows us to maximize our underwriting 

profits in a capital efficient manner. As of December  31, 2023, our investment portfolio was comprised primarily 

of cash and fixed income securities. Cash (including cash equivalents and term deposits) represented 28.6% of our 

invested assets and fixed income securities represented 67.8% of our invested assets as of December 31, 2023. Our 

fixed income portfolio is geographically diverse with a weighted-average modified duration of three years, with 75.6% 

of the securities in our portfolio having an S&P Global Ratings rating of ‘A-’ and above as of December 31, 2023.

Continue to purchase conservative reinsurance coverage, while optimizing for risk-adjusted returns

We believe that protecting our earnings and balance sheet through the use of reinsurance is critical in ensuring 

that we are able to meet obligations to our policyholders and generate strong returns for our shareholders. We are active 

purchasers of reinsurance and seek to find opportunities to maximize risk-adjusted results by finding dislocations and 

inefficiencies in the market. We plan to maintain a conservative, robust reinsurance program to help ensure that we 

are adequately protected against potential catastrophe losses while minimizing the volatility of our operating results.

Our Segments

We conduct our worldwide operations through three reportable segments under U.S. GAAP segment reporting: 

Specialty Long-tail, Specialty Short-tail and Reinsurance.

Our  Specialty  Long-tail  segment  includes  (a)  our  professional  lines  (non-U.S.)  business,  which  includes  our 

professional indemnity, directors and officers, legal expenses and other casualty lines of business, (b) our financial 

institutions line of business, (c) our marine liability line of business and (d) our inherent defects insurance line of 

business. The lines of business in our specialty long-tail segment are generally characterized by claims that are often 

reported and ultimately paid or settled years, or even decades, after the related loss events occur. As a general rule, 

estimates of accident year or underwriting year ultimate losses for long-tail businesses are notably more uncertain than 

those for short-tail businesses.

Our Specialty Short-tail segment includes our energy (upstream, downstream, power and renewable), property, 

construction and engineering, political violence, ports and terminals, marine cargo, contingency and general aviation 

lines of business. The lines of business in our specialty short-tail segment generally include exposures for which losses 

are usually known and paid within a relatively short period of time after the underlying loss event has occurred. The 

underlying loss events typically tend to be of lower frequency and higher severity.

Our Reinsurance segment includes our inward reinsurance treaty business.

In addition, we have a corporate function (“Corporate”), which includes the activities of the parent company, 

and which carries out certain functions, including investment management. Corporate includes investment income 

on a managed basis and other non-segment expenses, predominantly general and administrative, stock compensation, 

finance and transaction expenses. Corporate also includes the activities of certain key executives such as the President 

and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Our corporate expenses and investment results are presented 

separately within the corporate segment section.

Specialty Long-tail Segment

Professional Lines

Our professional lines of business represented approximately 27.2% and 28.0% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Major  subclasses  within  the  professional  lines  of  business  include  directors’  and  officers’  insurance,  legal 

expenses,  professional  indemnity,  comprehensive  commercial  general  liability,  public  liability,  product  liability, 

employers’ liability, workers’ compensation, event liability, completed operations liability and media and advertising 

liability. We primarily underwrite professional lines risks from Europe and the UK on a “primary” basis, meaning that 

loss up to a limit is covered primarily, or on an excess-of-loss basis.

Our financial institutions line of business represented approximately 3.8% and 4.2% of our GWP for the years 

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The financial institutions business covers a range of risks including bankers’ blanket bond, financial institutions 
professional indemnity, financial institutions directors’ & officers’ liability, plastic card fraud, electronic computer 
crime, vault risk, cash in transit, commercial crime and fidelity guarantee, and money.

Marine Liability

Our marine liability line of business represented approximately 0.8% and 0.5% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  marine  liability  portfolio  covers  third-party  liabilities  related  to  marine  risks,  including  ship  repairer’s 
liability, ship owner’s protection and indemnity, Wharfinger’s liability, Stevedore’s liability, Charterer’s liability and 
port and terminal excess liability. We focus our marine liability portfolio predominantly on Asia and Europe.

Inherent Defects Insurance

Our inherent defects insurance line of business represented approximately 1.1% of our GWP for both the years 

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our inherent defects insurance portfolio covers inherent defects insurance and insurance backed guarantee risks. 

We focus our inherent defects insurance portfolio predominantly on the UK and Europe.

Specialty Short-tail Segment

Energy

Our energy businesses represented approximately 21.2% and 17.1% of our GWP for the years ended December 31, 
2023 and 2022, respectively. We have a lead capability in both upstream energy and downstream energy (oil & gas, 
petrochemicals, refining, conventional power and renewable energy), with a maximum exposure of $75 million and 
$50 million for any single risk in upstream and downstream energy, respectively. We have a strong presence in major 
energy insurance hubs and in 2018 began underwriting renewable energy.

Our upstream energy team covers the oil and gas industry both offshore and onshore. Our industry knowledge 
and products allow us to service a broad spectrum of clients involved with the construction, exploration & production, 
operating, contracting and decommissioning industries. Our focus is on operators and companies with proven track 
records and strong risk management policies worldwide, with a particular focus in the Middle East, the wider Afro-Asian 
region and Scandinavia, excluding named windstorms in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico area. We have a strong presence 
in major energy insurance hubs, namely the United Kingdom, Norway, the United Arab Emirates and Malaysia. Our 
clients in the upstream energy line of business include major oil and gas corporations, national and state-owned oil 
and gas operations, independent oil and gas companies, integrated energy companies, contractors and service industry 
companies.

Our downstream energy business provides expert insurance for a wide range of onshore energy plants around the 
world, with a particular focus in the Middle East, Afro-Asian, European and Latin American regions. We underwrite a 
portfolio of predominantly operating risks in the onshore energy sector, with an emphasis on operators and companies 
with proven track records and strong risk management policies, with a geographically diversified portfolio. Our clients 
in the downstream energy line of business include petrochemical operators, oil refineries, utilities, independent power 
producer (IPP) companies and energy pipeline operators. We insure a spread of operational risks including machinery 
breakdown and property damage, and associated loss of revenues.

We began underwriting renewable energy in 2018. Our renewable energy business provides expert insurance for 
a wide range of risks including: wind power (onshore and offshore), solar power (photovoltaic, concentrated, thermal 
and floating), bioenergy (biomass, biogas, biofuels and waste-to-energy), hydro, geothermal, wave & tidal, battery 
storage, and other emerging technologies, e.g. energy efficiency. We cover the full life-cycle of a renewable energy 
project, namely construction, marine and inland transit, operational and decommissioning, including associated loss 
of revenues, liabilities, as well as natural catastrophe risks. We write business on a worldwide basis.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Property

Contingency

Our property business represented approximately 14.4% and 12.8% of our GWP for the years ended December 31, 

Our contingency line of business represented approximately 2.9% and 1.6% of our gross written premium for 

2023 and 2022, respectively.

the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our property offering includes coverage for physical damage, machinery breakdown, business interruption and 
forestry. We cover a wide variety of risks from large hotels to industrial manufacturing. Our clients include a wide 
range  of  businesses  involved  in  sectors  such  as  leisure,  commercial  and  industrial  property,  manufacturing,  heavy 
industry and infrastructure, civil works and communications.

Construction & Engineering

Our construction and engineering business represented approximately 7.4% and 4.1% of our GWP for the years 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  construction  and  engineering  line  of  business  provides  coverage  with  respect  to  construction  all  risks 
(CAR), civil engineering completed risks (CECR), machinery breakdown and business interruption (MB/BI), erection 
all risks (EAR) and contractors’ plant and equipment (CPE/CPM). We focus our construction & engineering portfolio 
on construction all risks and erection all risks.

Political Violence

Our  political  violence  portfolio  represented  approximately  2.6%  and  1.7%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  political  violence  line  of  business  focuses  on  comprehensive  sabotage  and  terrorism,  strikes,  riots,  civil 
commotions, malicious damage, missing mutiny, coup d’etat, insurrection, revolution, rebellion, war and civil war. 
Our offering does not normally include risks associated with nuclear, chemical or biological terrorism, trade disruption 
insurance  or  standalone  contingent  business  interruption  risks.  Our  coverage  generally  includes  physical  loss  or 
damage, business interruption, debris removal and third-party liability following a political violence peril.

Ports and Terminals

Our ports and terminals business represented approximately 4.3% and 3.9% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  current  offerings  in  this  line  of  business  include  the  handling  of  equipment,  damage  to  port  property, 
business interruption and damage to port craft, marine trade, liabilities to authorities and other liabilities. We primarily 
serve port authorities, terminal operators, stevedores, warehouse operators and depot operators. This also includes a 
variety of organizations specializing in other aspects of the shipping industry, including freight forwarders, non-vessel 
operating common carriers, ship managers, ship agents and ship brokers.

General Aviation

Our  general  aviation  business  represented  approximately  2.8%  and  3.2%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our general aviation portfolio covers worldwide commercial and industrial operations, including coverage for 
hull, hull and spares, war and allied perils, third-party legal liability, general aviation premises, spares, passenger legal 
liability, personal accident and general aviation hangar keepers. We focus our general aviation portfolio on South and 
Central America, Europe, Asia and Africa.

Marine Cargo

Our marine cargo line of business represented approximately 2.6% and 1.8% of our gross written premium for 

the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  marine  cargo  portfolio  covers  general  cargo,  oil,  machinery  and  equipment,  project  cargo,  war  on  land 
and freight forwarders. We cover cargo for physical loss or damage while in transit by air, land or sea for importers, 
exporters and manufacturers. We have a worldwide focus for our marine cargo portfolio.

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Our  contingency  portfolio  covers  all  risks  event  cancellation,  non-appearance,  event  terrorism  and  political 

violence perils, named peril cancellation, prize indemnity and bespoke non-physical damage business interruption, in 

each case excluding communicable disease. We have a worldwide focus for our contingency portfolio.

Reinsurance Segment

Our  reinsurance  business  represented  approximately  8.9%  and  4.6%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

Our reinsurance portfolio includes primarily underwritten programs related to the marine liability, energy, property, 

engineering, motor, casualty and aviation sectors, and is concentrated in the MENA region and the wider Afro-Asian 

and European markets. Our reinsurance portfolio is primarily written on a non-proportional or excess-of-loss basis. 

Property reinsurance forms the most significant portion of our overall treaty reinsurance portfolio.

Our History

Our group was founded in 2001 and commenced operations in Jordan in 2002, underwriting business in the 

offshore energy, onshore energy, property, marine and engineering lines of business. In 2005, we raised $75 million of 

capital through a private placement and commenced underwriting our reinsurance portfolio. In 2006, we established a 

holding company in the DIFC and also established our Labuan branch, which is licensed to issue Labuan law-governed 

policies, including Islamic law-compliant re-takaful policies. In 2007, we established our Bermuda subsidiary and 

commenced underwriting our financial institutions portfolio. In 2009, we acquired SR Bishop which was renamed 

North  Star  Underwriting  Limited  (“North  Star”).  In  2009,  we  established  our  UK  subsidiary,  which  commenced 

business in 2011. The UK subsidiary underwrites most of IGI’s UK-governed policies and serves as an important point 

of contact for brokers based in London. In June 2021, we acquired our Malta subsidiary so that we could continue to 

underwrite throughout the European Union. In March 2023, we completed the acquisition of Norway-based managing 

general agency EIO.

On March 17, 2020, we completed the Business Combination with Tiberius, as a result of which each of IGI 

Dubai and Tiberius became a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned 

by the prior stockholders of Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business 

Combination, our common shares and warrants to purchase common shares were listed on Nasdaq. Our warrants have 

since all been repurchased or redeemed.

Platform Overview

discussed below.

IGI Bermuda

We primarily underwrite business through IGI Bermuda, IGI UK and IGI Europe (which are subsidiaries of IGI 

Bermuda). Additionally, we issue Labuan-governed policies (through a capitalized Malaysian branch of IGI Bermuda) 

and are also licensed to issue Islamic re-takaful policies. The platforms through which IGI issues these policies are 

IGI’s  Bermuda-governed  policies  are  issued  pursuant  to  a  license  held  by  IGI  Bermuda.  The  underwriting 

operations for the Bermuda-governed policies are located in IGI Underwriting Co. Ltd. (“IGI Underwriting”), which 

is registered and based in Amman, Jordan. When a Bermuda-governed policy is sourced through IGI’s office in the 

United  Kingdom,  the  policy  is  referred  to  the  office  in Amman  for  formal  underwriting  approval.  IGI  Dubai  also 

has  underwriting  authority  to  underwrite  Bermuda-governed  policies  through  an  underwriting  agency  agreement, 

subject to authority limits, and IGI Morocco operates a representative office of IGI Bermuda in Casablanca which is 

authorized to issue Bermuda governed policies. IGI Bermuda has three additional wholly-owned subsidiaries: Specialty 

Mall Investment Co., which focuses on real estate properties, development, and leasing, IGI Services Limited, which 

focuses on owning and chartering aircraft and IGI Nordic, writing a portfolio of energy and construction business in 

Norway.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Property

2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our property offering includes coverage for physical damage, machinery breakdown, business interruption and 

forestry. We cover a wide variety of risks from large hotels to industrial manufacturing. Our clients include a wide 

range  of  businesses  involved  in  sectors  such  as  leisure,  commercial  and  industrial  property,  manufacturing,  heavy 

industry and infrastructure, civil works and communications.

Construction & Engineering

ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

on construction all risks and erection all risks.

Political Violence

Our  construction  and  engineering  line  of  business  provides  coverage  with  respect  to  construction  all  risks 

(CAR), civil engineering completed risks (CECR), machinery breakdown and business interruption (MB/BI), erection 

all risks (EAR) and contractors’ plant and equipment (CPE/CPM). We focus our construction & engineering portfolio 

Our  political  violence  portfolio  represented  approximately  2.6%  and  1.7%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  political  violence  line  of  business  focuses  on  comprehensive  sabotage  and  terrorism,  strikes,  riots,  civil 

commotions, malicious damage, missing mutiny, coup d’etat, insurrection, revolution, rebellion, war and civil war. 

Our offering does not normally include risks associated with nuclear, chemical or biological terrorism, trade disruption 

insurance  or  standalone  contingent  business  interruption  risks.  Our  coverage  generally  includes  physical  loss  or 

damage, business interruption, debris removal and third-party liability following a political violence peril.

Ports and Terminals

Our ports and terminals business represented approximately 4.3% and 3.9% of our GWP for the years ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  current  offerings  in  this  line  of  business  include  the  handling  of  equipment,  damage  to  port  property, 

business interruption and damage to port craft, marine trade, liabilities to authorities and other liabilities. We primarily 

serve port authorities, terminal operators, stevedores, warehouse operators and depot operators. This also includes a 

variety of organizations specializing in other aspects of the shipping industry, including freight forwarders, non-vessel 

operating common carriers, ship managers, ship agents and ship brokers.

General Aviation

Our  general  aviation  business  represented  approximately  2.8%  and  3.2%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our general aviation portfolio covers worldwide commercial and industrial operations, including coverage for 

hull, hull and spares, war and allied perils, third-party legal liability, general aviation premises, spares, passenger legal 

liability, personal accident and general aviation hangar keepers. We focus our general aviation portfolio on South and 

Central America, Europe, Asia and Africa.

Marine Cargo

Our marine cargo line of business represented approximately 2.6% and 1.8% of our gross written premium for 

the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  marine  cargo  portfolio  covers  general  cargo,  oil,  machinery  and  equipment,  project  cargo,  war  on  land 

and freight forwarders. We cover cargo for physical loss or damage while in transit by air, land or sea for importers, 

exporters and manufacturers. We have a worldwide focus for our marine cargo portfolio.

Our property business represented approximately 14.4% and 12.8% of our GWP for the years ended December 31, 

Our contingency line of business represented approximately 2.9% and 1.6% of our gross written premium for 

Contingency

the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our  contingency  portfolio  covers  all  risks  event  cancellation,  non-appearance,  event  terrorism  and  political 
violence perils, named peril cancellation, prize indemnity and bespoke non-physical damage business interruption, in 
each case excluding communicable disease. We have a worldwide focus for our contingency portfolio.

Reinsurance Segment

Our  reinsurance  business  represented  approximately  8.9%  and  4.6%  of  our  GWP  for  the  years  ended 

Our construction and engineering business represented approximately 7.4% and 4.1% of our GWP for the years 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Our reinsurance portfolio includes primarily underwritten programs related to the marine liability, energy, property, 
engineering, motor, casualty and aviation sectors, and is concentrated in the MENA region and the wider Afro-Asian 
and European markets. Our reinsurance portfolio is primarily written on a non-proportional or excess-of-loss basis. 
Property reinsurance forms the most significant portion of our overall treaty reinsurance portfolio.

Our History

Our group was founded in 2001 and commenced operations in Jordan in 2002, underwriting business in the 
offshore energy, onshore energy, property, marine and engineering lines of business. In 2005, we raised $75 million of 
capital through a private placement and commenced underwriting our reinsurance portfolio. In 2006, we established a 
holding company in the DIFC and also established our Labuan branch, which is licensed to issue Labuan law-governed 
policies, including Islamic law-compliant re-takaful policies. In 2007, we established our Bermuda subsidiary and 
commenced underwriting our financial institutions portfolio. In 2009, we acquired SR Bishop which was renamed 
North  Star  Underwriting  Limited  (“North  Star”).  In  2009,  we  established  our  UK  subsidiary,  which  commenced 
business in 2011. The UK subsidiary underwrites most of IGI’s UK-governed policies and serves as an important point 
of contact for brokers based in London. In June 2021, we acquired our Malta subsidiary so that we could continue to 
underwrite throughout the European Union. In March 2023, we completed the acquisition of Norway-based managing 
general agency EIO.

On March 17, 2020, we completed the Business Combination with Tiberius, as a result of which each of IGI 
Dubai and Tiberius became a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned 
by the prior stockholders of Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business 
Combination, our common shares and warrants to purchase common shares were listed on Nasdaq. Our warrants have 
since all been repurchased or redeemed.

Platform Overview

We primarily underwrite business through IGI Bermuda, IGI UK and IGI Europe (which are subsidiaries of IGI 
Bermuda). Additionally, we issue Labuan-governed policies (through a capitalized Malaysian branch of IGI Bermuda) 
and are also licensed to issue Islamic re-takaful policies. The platforms through which IGI issues these policies are 
discussed below.

IGI Bermuda

IGI’s  Bermuda-governed  policies  are  issued  pursuant  to  a  license  held  by  IGI  Bermuda.  The  underwriting 
operations for the Bermuda-governed policies are located in IGI Underwriting Co. Ltd. (“IGI Underwriting”), which 
is registered and based in Amman, Jordan. When a Bermuda-governed policy is sourced through IGI’s office in the 
United  Kingdom,  the  policy  is  referred  to  the  office  in Amman  for  formal  underwriting  approval.  IGI  Dubai  also 
has  underwriting  authority  to  underwrite  Bermuda-governed  policies  through  an  underwriting  agency  agreement, 
subject to authority limits, and IGI Morocco operates a representative office of IGI Bermuda in Casablanca which is 
authorized to issue Bermuda governed policies. IGI Bermuda has three additional wholly-owned subsidiaries: Specialty 
Mall Investment Co., which focuses on real estate properties, development, and leasing, IGI Services Limited, which 
focuses on owning and chartering aircraft and IGI Nordic, writing a portfolio of energy and construction business in 
Norway.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          IGI UK

IGI’s  UK-governed  policies  are  primarily  underwritten  by  IGI  UK  based  in  London.  IGI  UK  serves  as  an 
important point of contact for brokers based in London, through whom IGI sources the majority of its business. IGI 
also owns North Star, a specialty underwriting agency for writing marine liability and trade, war and special risks 
policies  and  which  is  based  alongside  IGI  UK  in  IGI’s  London  office.  North  Star  is  currently  not  transacting  any 
business, but can easily be reactivated.

IGI Labuan Branch

the general terms and conditions of the policy submitted, with a preference for standard market wordings 

International  General  Insurance  Co.  Ltd  —  Labuan  Branch  (the  “Labuan  Branch”),  a  second-tier  reinsurer 
registered in Labuan, Malaysia, is licensed to issue Labuan law-governed policies, including Islamic law-compliant 
re-takaful policies. The Labuan Branch obtained the approval of the Labuan Financial Services Authority to engage 
the Labuan Financial Services Authority’s Shariah Supervisory Council as its internal Shariah advisory board, which 
is permitted under the Directive on Islamic Financial Business in the Labuan International Offshore Financial Center. 
IGI’s Labuan-based operation is supported by an Asia Pacific hub in Kuala Lumpur, which also serves as a point of 
contact for local brokers in Asia. Both Labuan-governed policies and Bermuda-governed policies sourced through the 
Labuan Branch are referred to IGI’s Amman office for underwriting approval.

IGI Europe

IGI’s Europe-governed policies are issued pursuant to a license held by IGI Europe. IGI Europe was acquired 
in  2021  in  order  to  continue  to  underwrite  business  throughout  the  European  Economic Area  (“EEA”)  countries 
following Brexit.

Representation and Intermediate Offices (Non-Risk Bearing Companies)

IGI Morocco

IGI Bermuda operates a representative office of IGI Bermuda in Casablanca, which is regulated by Casablanca 
Finance City. Our Casablanca operations constitute our Africa hub and provide access to the Northern, Central and 
West African markets.

IGI Dubai

IGI Dubai is authorized as a category four entity by the Dubai Financial Services Authority and it operates as a 
marketing and intermediate office of IGI Bermuda in Dubai. Our Dubai operations constitute our Middle East hub and 
provide access to the MENA region including the Gulf Cooperation Council markets.

Risk Management Strategy

IGI Nordic AS (formerly, EIO)

IGI  Nordic AS  is  a  Norway-based  managing  general  agency  writing  a  portfolio  of  energy  and  construction 

business in Norway on behalf of IGI Bermuda.

Underwriting

Our  underwriting  process  is  managed  by  our  experienced  management  team,  which  adheres  to  strict  process 
controls. We have assembled a team of experienced lead underwriters and claims personnel with significant regional 
and international experience. This diverse array of talent and experience creates strategic advantages with regard to local 
knowledge, protocols and methods of business production. We have rigorous acceptance criteria for our underwriting risk, 
and will exit or reduce exposures in lines of business or client types that do not perform in accord with our expectations.

Each  risk  submitted  to  an  underwriter  is  assessed  on  its  own  merits. The  experience  and  expertise  of  senior 
management and the underwriters are ultimately the determining factor in deciding whether to underwrite a given risk. 
As a result, we rely on our underwriters’ discretion in acquiring business. However, when exercising their discretion, 
the underwriters take into account key considerations, some of which may include the following:

• 

• 

the type and level of risk assumed;

the nature of the insured’s operations;

55

56

77

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the pricing of the policy submitted and the pricing trend of similar policies in the market;

the quality and specifications of the insured’s assets;

the  insured’s  risk  management  program,  if  necessary,  and,  if  required,  surveys  to  be  conducted  on  the 

insured’s assets and operations;

the adequacy of the insured’s credit rating;

and clauses;

Cost Analysis”);

as applicable;

the insured’s loss record, including the record of the insured’s losses divided by total premiums (“Burn 

the experience of the underwriters from their prior dealings with the insured, broker or ceding company, 

the experience and reputation of the broker submitting the risk;

the legal and general economic conditions of the insured’s country of domicile;

the insured’s geographical location and trading territories;

the adequacy of available reinsurance coverage, including coverage for catastrophe and the total combined 

risks that could be involved in a single loss event;

our catastrophic aggregation capacity; and

the  approval  of  the  broker  by  the  compliance  department  according  to  the  onboarding  policy  and  the 

necessary sanctions screening.

Pursuant to our delegated authority matrix, which sets underwriting limits for each line of business and each 

underwriter, the underwriters have the authority to enter into binding policies. If a policy exceeds the underwriter’s 

limits, the policy is then referred to our officer who has the authority to bind the policy. Management also receives 

periodic  reports  that  allow  them  to  oversee  the  business  and  identify  underwritings  that  deviate  from  acceptable 

parameters, providing management the opportunity to intervene to rectify such deviations. Monthly key performance 

indicator reports are reviewed by the management team to monitor the performance of the underwriting teams.

We have a comprehensive risk management framework that defines the corporate risk appetite, risk strategy and 

the policies required to monitor, manage and mitigate the risk inherent in our business. In doing so, we aim to comply 

with corporate governance and industry best practice and to monitor risks against six main risk objectives: (i) ensuring 

losses remain within planned limits, (ii) ensuring volatility of results fall within planned limits, (iii) compliance with 

existing and emerging regulatory requirements, (iv) preserving rating agency credit ratings, (v) maintaining adequate 

solvency and liquidity, and (vi) avoiding any reputational risk. Below is a summary of our current risk governance 

arrangements and risk management strategy.

We  operate  an  integrated  enterprise-wide  risk  management  strategy  designed  to  deliver  shareholder  value  in 

a  sustainable  and  efficient  manner  while  providing  a  high  level  of  policyholder  protection. The  execution  of  our 

integrated risk management strategy is based on:

• 

the establishment and maintenance of an internal control and risk management system based on a three 

lines of defence approach to the allocation of responsibilities between risk accepting units (first line), risk 

management  activity  and  oversight  from  other  central  control  functions  (second  line)  and  independent 

assurance (third line);

appropriate;

identifying material risks to the achievement of our objectives including emerging risks;

the articulation of our risk appetite and a suite of key risk limits for each material component of risk where 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023IGI UK

IGI’s  UK-governed  policies  are  primarily  underwritten  by  IGI  UK  based  in  London.  IGI  UK  serves  as  an 

important point of contact for brokers based in London, through whom IGI sources the majority of its business. IGI 

also owns North Star, a specialty underwriting agency for writing marine liability and trade, war and special risks 

policies  and  which  is  based  alongside  IGI  UK  in  IGI’s  London  office.  North  Star  is  currently  not  transacting  any 

business, but can easily be reactivated.

IGI Labuan Branch

International  General  Insurance  Co.  Ltd  —  Labuan  Branch  (the  “Labuan  Branch”),  a  second-tier  reinsurer 

registered in Labuan, Malaysia, is licensed to issue Labuan law-governed policies, including Islamic law-compliant 

re-takaful policies. The Labuan Branch obtained the approval of the Labuan Financial Services Authority to engage 

the Labuan Financial Services Authority’s Shariah Supervisory Council as its internal Shariah advisory board, which 

is permitted under the Directive on Islamic Financial Business in the Labuan International Offshore Financial Center. 

IGI’s Labuan-based operation is supported by an Asia Pacific hub in Kuala Lumpur, which also serves as a point of 

contact for local brokers in Asia. Both Labuan-governed policies and Bermuda-governed policies sourced through the 

Labuan Branch are referred to IGI’s Amman office for underwriting approval.

IGI’s Europe-governed policies are issued pursuant to a license held by IGI Europe. IGI Europe was acquired 

in  2021  in  order  to  continue  to  underwrite  business  throughout  the  European  Economic Area  (“EEA”)  countries 

Representation and Intermediate Offices (Non-Risk Bearing Companies)

IGI Bermuda operates a representative office of IGI Bermuda in Casablanca, which is regulated by Casablanca 

Finance City. Our Casablanca operations constitute our Africa hub and provide access to the Northern, Central and 

IGI Europe

following Brexit.

IGI Morocco

West African markets.

IGI Dubai

IGI Dubai is authorized as a category four entity by the Dubai Financial Services Authority and it operates as a 

marketing and intermediate office of IGI Bermuda in Dubai. Our Dubai operations constitute our Middle East hub and 

provide access to the MENA region including the Gulf Cooperation Council markets.

IGI  Nordic AS  is  a  Norway-based  managing  general  agency  writing  a  portfolio  of  energy  and  construction 

IGI Nordic AS (formerly, EIO)

business in Norway on behalf of IGI Bermuda.

Underwriting

Our  underwriting  process  is  managed  by  our  experienced  management  team,  which  adheres  to  strict  process 

controls. We have assembled a team of experienced lead underwriters and claims personnel with significant regional 

and international experience. This diverse array of talent and experience creates strategic advantages with regard to local 

knowledge, protocols and methods of business production. We have rigorous acceptance criteria for our underwriting risk, 

and will exit or reduce exposures in lines of business or client types that do not perform in accord with our expectations.

Each  risk  submitted  to  an  underwriter  is  assessed  on  its  own  merits. The  experience  and  expertise  of  senior 

management and the underwriters are ultimately the determining factor in deciding whether to underwrite a given risk. 

As a result, we rely on our underwriters’ discretion in acquiring business. However, when exercising their discretion, 

the underwriters take into account key considerations, some of which may include the following:

• 

• 

the type and level of risk assumed;

the nature of the insured’s operations;

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the pricing of the policy submitted and the pricing trend of similar policies in the market;

the quality and specifications of the insured’s assets;

the  insured’s  risk  management  program,  if  necessary,  and,  if  required,  surveys  to  be  conducted  on  the 
insured’s assets and operations;

the adequacy of the insured’s credit rating;

the general terms and conditions of the policy submitted, with a preference for standard market wordings 
and clauses;

the insured’s loss record, including the record of the insured’s losses divided by total premiums (“Burn 
Cost Analysis”);

the experience of the underwriters from their prior dealings with the insured, broker or ceding company, 
as applicable;

the experience and reputation of the broker submitting the risk;

the legal and general economic conditions of the insured’s country of domicile;

the insured’s geographical location and trading territories;

the adequacy of available reinsurance coverage, including coverage for catastrophe and the total combined 
risks that could be involved in a single loss event;

our catastrophic aggregation capacity; and

the  approval  of  the  broker  by  the  compliance  department  according  to  the  onboarding  policy  and  the 
necessary sanctions screening.

Pursuant to our delegated authority matrix, which sets underwriting limits for each line of business and each 
underwriter, the underwriters have the authority to enter into binding policies. If a policy exceeds the underwriter’s 
limits, the policy is then referred to our officer who has the authority to bind the policy. Management also receives 
periodic  reports  that  allow  them  to  oversee  the  business  and  identify  underwritings  that  deviate  from  acceptable 
parameters, providing management the opportunity to intervene to rectify such deviations. Monthly key performance 
indicator reports are reviewed by the management team to monitor the performance of the underwriting teams.

Risk Management Strategy

We have a comprehensive risk management framework that defines the corporate risk appetite, risk strategy and 
the policies required to monitor, manage and mitigate the risk inherent in our business. In doing so, we aim to comply 
with corporate governance and industry best practice and to monitor risks against six main risk objectives: (i) ensuring 
losses remain within planned limits, (ii) ensuring volatility of results fall within planned limits, (iii) compliance with 
existing and emerging regulatory requirements, (iv) preserving rating agency credit ratings, (v) maintaining adequate 
solvency and liquidity, and (vi) avoiding any reputational risk. Below is a summary of our current risk governance 
arrangements and risk management strategy.

We  operate  an  integrated  enterprise-wide  risk  management  strategy  designed  to  deliver  shareholder  value  in 
a  sustainable  and  efficient  manner  while  providing  a  high  level  of  policyholder  protection. The  execution  of  our 
integrated risk management strategy is based on:

• 

• 

• 

the establishment and maintenance of an internal control and risk management system based on a three 
lines of defence approach to the allocation of responsibilities between risk accepting units (first line), risk 
management  activity  and  oversight  from  other  central  control  functions  (second  line)  and  independent 
assurance (third line);

identifying material risks to the achievement of our objectives including emerging risks;

the articulation of our risk appetite and a suite of key risk limits for each material component of risk where 
appropriate;

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          • 

• 

• 

• 

the cascading of risk appetite and key risk limits for material risks to each operating subsidiary and, where 
appropriate, risk accepting business units;

Marketing and Distribution

measuring, monitoring, managing and reporting risk positions and trends;

the  use,  subject  to  an  understanding  of  their  limitations,  of  a  range  of  deterministic  and  stochastic 
modelling techniques to test the risk and capital implications of strategic and tactical business decisions; 
and

stress and scenario testing designed to help us better understand and develop contingency plans for the 
potential effects of extreme events or combinations of events on capital adequacy and liquidity.

The main types of risks that we face are summarized as follows:

Insurance  risk: 

Insurance  risk  includes  the  risks  of  inappropriate  underwriting,  ineffective  management 
of  underwriting,  inadequate  controls  over  exposure  management  in  relation  to  catastrophic  events  and  insufficient 
reserves for losses including claims incurred but not reported.

Market risk:  The risk of variation in the income generated by, and the fair value of, our investment portfolio, 
cash and cash equivalents and derivative contracts including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Credit risk:  The risk that one party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the 

other party to incur a financial loss.

Liquidity risk:  The risk that we will not be able to meet our commitments associated with insurance contracts 

and financial liabilities as they fall due.

Operational risk:  The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel or systems, 

feedback and education regarding legal activities;

or from external events.

Strategic  risk:  The  risk  of  adverse  impact  on  shareholder  value  or  income  and  capital  of  adverse  business 

decisions, poor execution or failure to respond to market changes.

Regulatory risk:  The risk of non-compliance with regulatory requirements, including ensuring we understand 
and comply with changes to those requirements, is assessed and managed as an operational risk. There is a residual risk 
that changes in regulation could impact our ability to operate profitably in some jurisdictions or some lines of business.

Taxation risk:  The risk that we do not understand, plan for and manage our tax obligations is assessed and 
managed  as  operational  risk. There  is  a  residual  risk  that  changes  in  taxation  could  impact  our  ability  to  operate 
profitably in some jurisdictions or some lines of business.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risk:  The risk that environmental, social and governance factors 

could cause reputational or financial harm to our business.

Emerging risk:  The risk that events or issues not previously identified or fully understood could impact our 

operations or financial results.

We  divide  risks  into  “core”  and  “non-core”  risks.  Core  risks  comprise  those  risks  which  are  inherent  in  the 
operation of our business, including insurance risks in respect of our underwriting operations and market and liquidity 
risks in respect of our investment activity. We intentionally expose the Company to core risks with a view to generating 
shareholder value but seek to manage the resulting volatility in our earnings and financial condition within the limits 
defined by our risk appetite. However, these core risks are intrinsically difficult to measure and manage and we may 
not, therefore, be successful in this respect. All other risks, including regulatory and operational risks, are classified 
as non-core. We seek, to the extent we regard as reasonably practicable and economically viable, to avoid or minimize 
our exposure to non-core risks.

We source our business primarily through brokers, with 63% of 2023 premiums coming from five producing 

brokers. Given our regional focus, we also make use of a range of smaller, more regional brokers, such as NASCO, UIB, 

Fenchurch Faris and Chedid Re. Currently, our largest broker relationships as measured by gross written premiums are 

with Arthur J. Gallagher, Marsh, Aon, Willis and Howden Broking Group.

Claims Management

We  offer  prompt  and  professional  claims  service  to  our  policyholders  and  service  providers.  Our  claims 

department works closely with our underwriting team in order to achieve a synchronized and efficient process for 

managing  claims. Technology  is  deeply  embedded  in  our  claims  process,  improving  accuracy  and  efficiency.  Our 

systems allow us to review real-time, detailed information on our current claims activity across our Company.

The key responsibilities of our claims management department are to:

• 

process, manage and resolve reported insurance or reinsurance claims efficiently and accurately in order 

to ensure the proper application of intended coverage, reserve in a timely fashion for the probable ultimate 

cost of both indemnity and expense and make timely payments in the appropriate amount on those claims 

for which we are legally obligated to pay;

select  appropriate  counsel  and  experts  for  claims  and  manage  claims-related  litigation  and  regulatory 

• 

• 

compliance;

contribute  to  the  underwriting  process  by  collaborating  with  both  underwriting  teams  and  senior 

management in terms of the evolution of policy language and endorsements and providing claim-specific 

• 

contribute to the analysis and reporting of financial data and forecasts by collaborating with the finance 

and  actuarial  functions  relating  to  the  drivers  of  actual  claim  reserve  developments  and  potential  for 

financial exposures on known claims; and

• 

support  our  marketing  efforts  through  the  quality  of  our  claims  service  and  in  person  support  to  our 

underwriting offices globally.

Reserving

When a claim is reported to us or when an event occurs, we establish loss reserves to cover our estimated ultimate 

losses under the insurance policies that we underwrite, and loss adjustment expenses relating to the investigation and 

settlement of policy claims. These reserves include estimates of the cost of the claims reported to us (case reserves) 

and estimates of the cost of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”) and are net of estimated 

related salvage, subrogation recoverables and reinsurance recoverables. The case reserve will represent an estimate of 

the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at that time. The estimate 

represents an informed judgment based on general industry case reserving practices, the experience and knowledge of 

the claims handler and practices of the claims team.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023the cascading of risk appetite and key risk limits for material risks to each operating subsidiary and, where 

Marketing and Distribution

We source our business primarily through brokers, with 63% of 2023 premiums coming from five producing 
brokers. Given our regional focus, we also make use of a range of smaller, more regional brokers, such as NASCO, UIB, 
Fenchurch Faris and Chedid Re. Currently, our largest broker relationships as measured by gross written premiums are 
with Arthur J. Gallagher, Marsh, Aon, Willis and Howden Broking Group.

Claims Management

We  offer  prompt  and  professional  claims  service  to  our  policyholders  and  service  providers.  Our  claims 
department works closely with our underwriting team in order to achieve a synchronized and efficient process for 
managing  claims. Technology  is  deeply  embedded  in  our  claims  process,  improving  accuracy  and  efficiency.  Our 
systems allow us to review real-time, detailed information on our current claims activity across our Company.

The key responsibilities of our claims management department are to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

process, manage and resolve reported insurance or reinsurance claims efficiently and accurately in order 
to ensure the proper application of intended coverage, reserve in a timely fashion for the probable ultimate 
cost of both indemnity and expense and make timely payments in the appropriate amount on those claims 
for which we are legally obligated to pay;

select  appropriate  counsel  and  experts  for  claims  and  manage  claims-related  litigation  and  regulatory 
compliance;

contribute  to  the  underwriting  process  by  collaborating  with  both  underwriting  teams  and  senior 
management in terms of the evolution of policy language and endorsements and providing claim-specific 
feedback and education regarding legal activities;

contribute to the analysis and reporting of financial data and forecasts by collaborating with the finance 
and  actuarial  functions  relating  to  the  drivers  of  actual  claim  reserve  developments  and  potential  for 
financial exposures on known claims; and

support  our  marketing  efforts  through  the  quality  of  our  claims  service  and  in  person  support  to  our 
underwriting offices globally.

Reserving

When a claim is reported to us or when an event occurs, we establish loss reserves to cover our estimated ultimate 
losses under the insurance policies that we underwrite, and loss adjustment expenses relating to the investigation and 
settlement of policy claims. These reserves include estimates of the cost of the claims reported to us (case reserves) 
and estimates of the cost of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported (“IBNR”) and are net of estimated 
related salvage, subrogation recoverables and reinsurance recoverables. The case reserve will represent an estimate of 
the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at that time. The estimate 
represents an informed judgment based on general industry case reserving practices, the experience and knowledge of 
the claims handler and practices of the claims team.

• 

• 

• 

and

appropriate, risk accepting business units;

measuring, monitoring, managing and reporting risk positions and trends;

the  use,  subject  to  an  understanding  of  their  limitations,  of  a  range  of  deterministic  and  stochastic 

modelling techniques to test the risk and capital implications of strategic and tactical business decisions; 

• 

stress and scenario testing designed to help us better understand and develop contingency plans for the 

potential effects of extreme events or combinations of events on capital adequacy and liquidity.

The main types of risks that we face are summarized as follows:

Insurance  risk: 

Insurance  risk  includes  the  risks  of  inappropriate  underwriting,  ineffective  management 

of  underwriting,  inadequate  controls  over  exposure  management  in  relation  to  catastrophic  events  and  insufficient 

reserves for losses including claims incurred but not reported.

Market risk:  The risk of variation in the income generated by, and the fair value of, our investment portfolio, 

cash and cash equivalents and derivative contracts including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

Credit risk:  The risk that one party to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation and cause the 

other party to incur a financial loss.

and financial liabilities as they fall due.

or from external events.

Liquidity risk:  The risk that we will not be able to meet our commitments associated with insurance contracts 

Operational risk:  The risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, personnel or systems, 

Strategic  risk:  The  risk  of  adverse  impact  on  shareholder  value  or  income  and  capital  of  adverse  business 

decisions, poor execution or failure to respond to market changes.

Regulatory risk:  The risk of non-compliance with regulatory requirements, including ensuring we understand 

and comply with changes to those requirements, is assessed and managed as an operational risk. There is a residual risk 

that changes in regulation could impact our ability to operate profitably in some jurisdictions or some lines of business.

Taxation risk:  The risk that we do not understand, plan for and manage our tax obligations is assessed and 

managed  as  operational  risk. There  is  a  residual  risk  that  changes  in  taxation  could  impact  our  ability  to  operate 

profitably in some jurisdictions or some lines of business.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) risk:  The risk that environmental, social and governance factors 

could cause reputational or financial harm to our business.

Emerging risk:  The risk that events or issues not previously identified or fully understood could impact our 

operations or financial results.

We  divide  risks  into  “core”  and  “non-core”  risks.  Core  risks  comprise  those  risks  which  are  inherent  in  the 

operation of our business, including insurance risks in respect of our underwriting operations and market and liquidity 

risks in respect of our investment activity. We intentionally expose the Company to core risks with a view to generating 

shareholder value but seek to manage the resulting volatility in our earnings and financial condition within the limits 

defined by our risk appetite. However, these core risks are intrinsically difficult to measure and manage and we may 

not, therefore, be successful in this respect. All other risks, including regulatory and operational risks, are classified 

as non-core. We seek, to the extent we regard as reasonably practicable and economically viable, to avoid or minimize 

our exposure to non-core risks.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          The following charts show the percentage breakdown of net reported case reserves and IBNR including ULAE 

The following charts show the percentage breakdown of our investment assets by class as of December 31, 2023 

reserves as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

and 2022:

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Net reported case
reserves 
46%

Net IBNR
reserves &
ULAE
54%

Net reported case
reserves 
46%

Net IBNR
reserves &
ULAE
54%

The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and 
for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. The committee includes members of senior 
management who represent underwriting, claims, outward reinsurance and finance. The committee meets quarterly 
and agrees the carried reserve for each product line. Key inputs to the committee include but are not limited to the 
quarterly actuarial reserve review, presented by the Group chief actuary, and discussions with the heads of claims, 
reinsurance and underwriting. The committee also considers the findings of third-party independent actuarial reviews.

At present these reviews are undertaken every six months. In support of IGI’s annual statutory submission to the 
BMA, a ‘big four’ actuarial consultant conducts an actuarial review of the loss reserves to support their statutory loss 
reserve opinion.

For  additional  information  regarding  our  reserves,  our  reserves  development  and  our  reserves  releasing,  see 

“Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Reserves.”

Investments

Investment  income  represents  a  component  of  our  earnings.  We  collect  premiums  and  are  required  to  hold 
a  portion  of  these  funds  in  reserves  until  claims  are  paid.  We  invest  these  reserves  primarily  in  fixed  maturity 
investments. We manage most of our investment portfolio in-house, with the exception of approximately $21.8 million 
as of December 31, 2023 which is managed by a third-party investment advisor. Our investment team is responsible for 
implementing our investment strategy as set by the investment committee established by our management.

Our  investments  include  a  sizeable  portfolio  of  high  quality  and  diversified  fixed  income  securities,  term 

deposits and to a lesser extent a modest allocation to equities, mutual funds and real estate holdings.

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60

81

Investment by Asset

Class as of December 31, 2023

Real

estate

0.3%

Equities

2.3%

Mutual funds

1.0%

Cash at banks

and held with

investments

managers

6.8%

Fixed and call

deposits

21.8%

Fixed income

securities

67.8%

Investment by Asset

Class as of December 31, 2022

Real

estate

0.5%

Equities

3.3%

Mutual funds

1.3%

Cash at banks

and held with

investments

managers

5.5%

Fixed and call

deposits

38.3%

Fixed income

securities

51.2%

For  additional  information  regarding  our  investments,  see  “Operating  and  Financial  Review  and 

Prospects — Investments.”

Reinsurance

We follow a common industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our exposures and paying to reinsurers a portion 

of the premiums received on the policies that we write. Reinsurance is purchased principally to reduce net liability on 

individual risks and to protect against catastrophic losses. Although reinsurance does not legally discharge an insurer 

from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, it does make the assuming reinsurer contractually liable to 

the insurer to the extent of the reinsurance coverage. We monitor the financial condition of our reinsurers and attempt 

to  place  our  coverages  only  with  substantial,  financially  sound  carriers. As  a  result,  generally  the  reinsurers  who 

reinsure our casualty insurance must have an A.M. Best rating of “A” (Excellent) or better.

Regulatory Overview

Bermuda Regulatory Considerations

Bermuda Insurance Regulation

The Insurance Act.  The Insurance Act, which regulates the business of IGI Bermuda, provides that no person 

shall carry on insurance business in or from within Bermuda unless registered as an insurer under the Insurance Act 

by the BMA. The BMA, in deciding whether to grant registration, has broad discretion to act as it thinks fit in the 

public interest. The BMA is required by the Insurance Act to determine whether the applicant is a fit and proper body 

to be engaged in the insurance business and, in particular, whether it has, or has available to it, adequate knowledge 

and expertise. The registration of an applicant as an insurer is subject to its complying with the terms of its registration 

and such other conditions as the BMA may impose at any time. It is not necessary that the insurance company be 

incorporated in Bermuda. A foreign corporation may obtain a permit under the Companies Act to carry on business 

in Bermuda and then be registered as an insurer in Bermuda under the Insurance Act. (The Insurance Act does not 

distinguish between insurers and reinsurers: companies are registered (licensed) under the Insurance Act as “insurers” 

(although in certain circumstances a condition to registration may be imposed to the effect the company may carry 

on only reinsurance business). The Insurance Act uses the defined term “insurance business” to include reinsurance 

business. References herein to insurance companies include reinsurance companies.) The Insurance Act also grants to 

the BMA powers to supervise, investigate and intervene in the affairs of insurance companies. An Insurance Advisory 

Committee appointed by the Bermuda Minister of Finance advises the BMA on matters connected with the discharge 

of the BMA’s functions and subcommittees thereof supervise, investigate and review the law and practice of insurance 

in Bermuda, including reviews of accounting and administrative procedures. The Insurance Act imposes on Bermuda 

insurance companies’ solvency and liquidity standards, as well as auditing and reporting requirements. Bermuda is 

a Solvency II equivalent jurisdiction, meaning that Bermuda’s laws and regulations broadly mirror the requirements 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The following charts show the percentage breakdown of net reported case reserves and IBNR including ULAE 

The following charts show the percentage breakdown of our investment assets by class as of December 31, 2023 

reserves as of December 31, 2023 and 2022:

and 2022:

Equities
3.3%

Equities
2.3%

Mutual funds
1.3%

Mutual funds
1.0%

Cash at banks
and held with
investments
managers
5.5%

Cash at banks
and held with
investments
managers
6.8%

Investment by Asset
Class as of December 31, 2022
Real
estate
0.5%

Investment by Asset
Class as of December 31, 2023
Real
estate
0.3%

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and 

for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. The committee includes members of senior 

management who represent underwriting, claims, outward reinsurance and finance. The committee meets quarterly 

and agrees the carried reserve for each product line. Key inputs to the committee include but are not limited to the 

quarterly actuarial reserve review, presented by the Group chief actuary, and discussions with the heads of claims, 

reinsurance and underwriting. The committee also considers the findings of third-party independent actuarial reviews.

At present these reviews are undertaken every six months. In support of IGI’s annual statutory submission to the 

BMA, a ‘big four’ actuarial consultant conducts an actuarial review of the loss reserves to support their statutory loss 

For  additional  information  regarding  our  reserves,  our  reserves  development  and  our  reserves  releasing,  see 

“Operating and Financial Review and Prospects — Reserves.”

reserve opinion.

Investments

Investment  income  represents  a  component  of  our  earnings.  We  collect  premiums  and  are  required  to  hold 

a  portion  of  these  funds  in  reserves  until  claims  are  paid.  We  invest  these  reserves  primarily  in  fixed  maturity 

investments. We manage most of our investment portfolio in-house, with the exception of approximately $21.8 million 

as of December 31, 2023 which is managed by a third-party investment advisor. Our investment team is responsible for 

implementing our investment strategy as set by the investment committee established by our management.

Our  investments  include  a  sizeable  portfolio  of  high  quality  and  diversified  fixed  income  securities,  term 

deposits and to a lesser extent a modest allocation to equities, mutual funds and real estate holdings.

Net reported case

reserves 

46%

Net IBNR

reserves &

ULAE

54%

Net reported case

reserves 

46%

Net IBNR

reserves &

ULAE

54%

Fixed and call
deposits
21.8%

Fixed income
securities
67.8%

Fixed and call
deposits
38.3%

Fixed income
securities
51.2%

For  additional  information  regarding  our  investments,  see  “Operating  and  Financial  Review  and 

Prospects — Investments.”

Reinsurance

We follow a common industry practice of reinsuring a portion of our exposures and paying to reinsurers a portion 
of the premiums received on the policies that we write. Reinsurance is purchased principally to reduce net liability on 
individual risks and to protect against catastrophic losses. Although reinsurance does not legally discharge an insurer 
from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, it does make the assuming reinsurer contractually liable to 
the insurer to the extent of the reinsurance coverage. We monitor the financial condition of our reinsurers and attempt 
to  place  our  coverages  only  with  substantial,  financially  sound  carriers. As  a  result,  generally  the  reinsurers  who 
reinsure our casualty insurance must have an A.M. Best rating of “A” (Excellent) or better.

Regulatory Overview

Bermuda Regulatory Considerations

Bermuda Insurance Regulation

The Insurance Act.  The Insurance Act, which regulates the business of IGI Bermuda, provides that no person 
shall carry on insurance business in or from within Bermuda unless registered as an insurer under the Insurance Act 
by the BMA. The BMA, in deciding whether to grant registration, has broad discretion to act as it thinks fit in the 
public interest. The BMA is required by the Insurance Act to determine whether the applicant is a fit and proper body 
to be engaged in the insurance business and, in particular, whether it has, or has available to it, adequate knowledge 
and expertise. The registration of an applicant as an insurer is subject to its complying with the terms of its registration 
and such other conditions as the BMA may impose at any time. It is not necessary that the insurance company be 
incorporated in Bermuda. A foreign corporation may obtain a permit under the Companies Act to carry on business 
in Bermuda and then be registered as an insurer in Bermuda under the Insurance Act. (The Insurance Act does not 
distinguish between insurers and reinsurers: companies are registered (licensed) under the Insurance Act as “insurers” 
(although in certain circumstances a condition to registration may be imposed to the effect the company may carry 
on only reinsurance business). The Insurance Act uses the defined term “insurance business” to include reinsurance 
business. References herein to insurance companies include reinsurance companies.) The Insurance Act also grants to 
the BMA powers to supervise, investigate and intervene in the affairs of insurance companies. An Insurance Advisory 
Committee appointed by the Bermuda Minister of Finance advises the BMA on matters connected with the discharge 
of the BMA’s functions and subcommittees thereof supervise, investigate and review the law and practice of insurance 
in Bermuda, including reviews of accounting and administrative procedures. The Insurance Act imposes on Bermuda 
insurance companies’ solvency and liquidity standards, as well as auditing and reporting requirements. Bermuda is 
a Solvency II equivalent jurisdiction, meaning that Bermuda’s laws and regulations broadly mirror the requirements 

59

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          under the Solvency II regime. See “Business — Regulatory Overview — UK Regulatory Framework” and “Operating 
and Financial Review and Prospects — Capital Requirements — PRA Requirements.” Certain significant aspects of 
the Bermuda insurance regulatory framework applicable to Class 3B insurers are set forth below.

Classification of Insurers.  The Insurance Act distinguishes between insurers carrying on long-term business, 
insurers carrying on general business and insurers carrying on special purpose business. There are two classifications 
of insurers carrying on special purpose business: special purpose insurers and collateralized insurers.

There are several classifications of insurers carrying on general business ranging from Class 1 insurers (pure 

captives) to Class 4 insurers (large commercial underwriters).

There are also several classifications of insurers carrying on long-term business ranging from Class A insurers 

to Class E insurers.

Classification as a Class 3B Insurer.  A body corporate is registrable as a Class 3B insurer where (i) 50% or 
more of its net premiums written or (ii) 50% or more of its net loss and loss expense provisions, represent unrelated 
business and its total net premiums written from unrelated business are $50,000,000 or more. IGI Bermuda is registered 
as a Class 3B insurer with the BMA in Bermuda and is regulated as such under the Insurance Act.

Minimum Paid-Up Share Capital.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain fully paid up share capital of at 

least US$120,000.

Principal Representative and Principal Office.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain a principal office 
and to appoint and maintain a resident principal representative in Bermuda. IGI Bermuda has appointed Marsh IAS 
Services (Bermuda) Ltd. as its principal representative. The address of IGI Bermuda’s principal office is Park Place, 
1st Floor, 55 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Without a reason acceptable to the BMA, an insurer may 
not terminate the appointment of its principal representative, and the principal representative may not cease to act as 
such, unless 30 days’ notice in writing to the Authority is given of the intention to do so.

It is the duty of the principal representative to forthwith notify the BMA where the principal representative reaches 
the view that there is a likelihood of the insurer (for which the principal representative acts) becoming insolvent, or 
on it coming to the knowledge of the principal representative, or the principal representative having reason to believe 
that a reportable “event” has occurred. Examples of a reportable “event” include a failure by the insurer to comply 
substantially with a condition imposed upon it by the BMA relating to a solvency margin or a liquidity or other ratio, a 
significant loss reasonably likely to cause the insurer to fail to comply with its enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”) 
(discussed below) and the occurrence of a “material change” (as such term is defined under the Insurance Act) in its 
business operations.

Within  14  days  of  such  notification  to  the  BMA,  the  principal  representative  must  furnish  the  BMA  with  a 

written report setting out all the particulars of the case that are available to the principal representative.

Where there has been a significant loss which is reasonably likely to cause the insurer to fail to comply with its 
ECR, the principal representative must also furnish the BMA with a capital and solvency return reflecting an ECR 
prepared using post-loss data. The principal representative must provide this within 45 days of notifying the BMA 
regarding the loss.

Furthermore,  where  a  notification  has  been  made  to  the  BMA  regarding  a  material  change,  the  principal 
representative has 30 days from the date of such notification to furnish the BMA with unaudited interim statutory 
financial statements in relation to such period as the BMA may require, together with a general business solvency 
certificate in respect of those statements.

Head Office.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain its head office in Bermuda. In determining whether the 
insurer satisfies this requirement, the BMA shall consider, inter alia, the following factors: (i) where the underwriting, 
risk management and operational decision making of the insurer occurs; (ii) whether the presence of senior executives 
who are responsible for, and involved in, the decision making related to the insurance business of the insurer are located 
in Bermuda; and (iii) where meetings of the board of directors of the insurer occur. In making its determination, the 
BMA may also have regard to (a) the location where management of the insurer meets to effect policy decisions of the 
insurer; (b) the residence of the officers, insurance managers or employees of the insurer; and (c) the residence of one 
or more directors of the insurer in Bermuda. This provision does not apply to an insurer that has a permit to conduct 

business in Bermuda under the Companies Act or the Non-Resident Insurance Undertakings Act 1967. IGI Bermuda’s 

Head  Office  remediation  plan  was  assessed.  It  was  concluded  that,  among  other  things,  there  must  be  a  frequent 

presence of the senior executives who are responsible for and involved in the decision making related to the insurance 

business in Bermuda. IGI Bermuda may need to continue to enhance its infrastructure in Bermuda to ensure that it 

is managed and directed from Bermuda, which may result in additional operational cost. IGI Bermuda’s Head Office 

remediation  plan  may  be  changed  based  on  additional  guidance  by  the  BMA,  subsequent  legislative  requirements 

and/or any other governmental issuances which may affect the interpretation of the Head Office requirements and thus 

impact IGI Bermuda’s remediation plan.

Loss Reserve Specialist.  A Class 3B insurer is required to appoint an individual approved by the BMA to be 

its loss reserve specialist. In order to qualify as an approved loss reserve specialist, the applicant must be an individual 

qualified  to  provide  an  opinion  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Insurance Act  and  the  BMA  must  be 

satisfied that the individual is fit and proper to hold such an appointment.

The Class 3B insurer is required to submit annually an opinion of its approved loss reserve specialist with its 

capital and solvency return in respect of its total general business insurance technical provisions (i.e. the aggregate of 

its net premium provisions, net loss and loss expense provisions and risk margin, as each is reported in the insurer’s 

statutory economic balance sheet). The loss reserve specialist’s opinion must state, among other things, whether or 

not the aggregate amount of technical provisions shown in the statutory economic balance sheet as at the end of the 

relevant financial year (i) meets the requirements of the Insurance Act and (ii) makes reasonable provision for the total 

technical provisions of the insurer under the terms of its insurance contracts and agreements.

Annual Financial Statements.  A Class 3B insurer is required to prepare and submit, on an annual basis, audited 

IFRS or GAAP financial statements (as defined below) and audited statutory financial statements.

A Class 3B insurer is required to prepare and submit to the BMA financial statements which have been prepared 

under  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  or  international  financial  reporting  standards  (“GAAP  financial 

statements”).

The Insurance Act prescribes rules for the preparation and substance of statutory financial statements (which 

include, in statutory form, a balance sheet, an income statement, a statement of capital and surplus and notes thereto). 

The statutory financial statements include detailed information and analysis regarding premiums, claims, reinsurance 

and investments of the insurer.

The  insurer’s  annual  GAAP  financial  statements  and  the  auditor’s  report  thereon  and  the  statutory  financial 

statements are required to be filed with the BMA within four months from the end of the relevant financial year (unless 

specifically extended with the approval of the BMA).

The  statutory  financial  statements  do  not  form  a  part  of  the  public  records  maintained  by  the  BMA  but  the 

GAAP financial statements are available for public inspection.

Declaration  of  Compliance.  At  the  time  of  filing  its  statutory  financial  statements,  a  Class  3B  insurer  is 

also  required  to  deliver  to  the  BMA  a  declaration  of  compliance,  in  such  form  and  with  such  content  as  may  be 

prescribed by the BMA, declaring whether or not the Class 3B insurer has, with respect to the preceding financial year 

(i) complied with all requirements of the minimum criteria applicable to it; (ii) complied with the minimum margin of 

solvency as at its financial year end; (iii) complied with the applicable ECR as at its financial year end; (iv) complied 

with applicable conditions, directions and restrictions imposed on, or approvals granted to, the Class 3B insurer; and 

(v) complied with the minimum liquidity ratio for general business as at its financial year end. The declaration of 

compliance is required to be signed by two directors of the Class 3B insurer, and if the Class 3B insurer has failed 

to comply with any of the requirements referenced in (i) through (v) above or observe any limitations, restrictions or 

conditions imposed upon the issuance of its license, if applicable, the Class 3B insurer will be required to provide the 

BMA with particulars of such failure in writing. A Class 3B insurer shall be liable to civil penalty by way of a fine for 

failure to comply with a duty imposed on it in connection with the delivery of the declaration of compliance.

Annual Statutory Financial Return and Annual Capital and Solvency Return.  A Class 3B insurer is required to 

file with the BMA a statutory financial return no later than four months after its financial year end (unless specifically 

extended with the approval of the BMA).

61

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023under the Solvency II regime. See “Business — Regulatory Overview — UK Regulatory Framework” and “Operating 

and Financial Review and Prospects — Capital Requirements — PRA Requirements.” Certain significant aspects of 

the Bermuda insurance regulatory framework applicable to Class 3B insurers are set forth below.

Classification of Insurers.  The Insurance Act distinguishes between insurers carrying on long-term business, 

insurers carrying on general business and insurers carrying on special purpose business. There are two classifications 

of insurers carrying on special purpose business: special purpose insurers and collateralized insurers.

There are several classifications of insurers carrying on general business ranging from Class 1 insurers (pure 

captives) to Class 4 insurers (large commercial underwriters).

There are also several classifications of insurers carrying on long-term business ranging from Class A insurers 

to Class E insurers.

Classification as a Class 3B Insurer.  A body corporate is registrable as a Class 3B insurer where (i) 50% or 

more of its net premiums written or (ii) 50% or more of its net loss and loss expense provisions, represent unrelated 

business and its total net premiums written from unrelated business are $50,000,000 or more. IGI Bermuda is registered 

as a Class 3B insurer with the BMA in Bermuda and is regulated as such under the Insurance Act.

Minimum Paid-Up Share Capital.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain fully paid up share capital of at 

least US$120,000.

Principal Representative and Principal Office.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain a principal office 

and to appoint and maintain a resident principal representative in Bermuda. IGI Bermuda has appointed Marsh IAS 

Services (Bermuda) Ltd. as its principal representative. The address of IGI Bermuda’s principal office is Park Place, 

1st Floor, 55 Par-la-Ville Road, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Without a reason acceptable to the BMA, an insurer may 

not terminate the appointment of its principal representative, and the principal representative may not cease to act as 

such, unless 30 days’ notice in writing to the Authority is given of the intention to do so.

It is the duty of the principal representative to forthwith notify the BMA where the principal representative reaches 

the view that there is a likelihood of the insurer (for which the principal representative acts) becoming insolvent, or 

on it coming to the knowledge of the principal representative, or the principal representative having reason to believe 

that a reportable “event” has occurred. Examples of a reportable “event” include a failure by the insurer to comply 

substantially with a condition imposed upon it by the BMA relating to a solvency margin or a liquidity or other ratio, a 

significant loss reasonably likely to cause the insurer to fail to comply with its enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”) 

(discussed below) and the occurrence of a “material change” (as such term is defined under the Insurance Act) in its 

business operations.

Within  14  days  of  such  notification  to  the  BMA,  the  principal  representative  must  furnish  the  BMA  with  a 

written report setting out all the particulars of the case that are available to the principal representative.

Where there has been a significant loss which is reasonably likely to cause the insurer to fail to comply with its 

ECR, the principal representative must also furnish the BMA with a capital and solvency return reflecting an ECR 

prepared using post-loss data. The principal representative must provide this within 45 days of notifying the BMA 

regarding the loss.

Furthermore,  where  a  notification  has  been  made  to  the  BMA  regarding  a  material  change,  the  principal 

representative has 30 days from the date of such notification to furnish the BMA with unaudited interim statutory 

financial statements in relation to such period as the BMA may require, together with a general business solvency 

certificate in respect of those statements.

Head Office.  A Class 3B insurer is required to maintain its head office in Bermuda. In determining whether the 

insurer satisfies this requirement, the BMA shall consider, inter alia, the following factors: (i) where the underwriting, 

risk management and operational decision making of the insurer occurs; (ii) whether the presence of senior executives 

who are responsible for, and involved in, the decision making related to the insurance business of the insurer are located 

in Bermuda; and (iii) where meetings of the board of directors of the insurer occur. In making its determination, the 

BMA may also have regard to (a) the location where management of the insurer meets to effect policy decisions of the 

insurer; (b) the residence of the officers, insurance managers or employees of the insurer; and (c) the residence of one 

or more directors of the insurer in Bermuda. This provision does not apply to an insurer that has a permit to conduct 

business in Bermuda under the Companies Act or the Non-Resident Insurance Undertakings Act 1967. IGI Bermuda’s 
Head  Office  remediation  plan  was  assessed.  It  was  concluded  that,  among  other  things,  there  must  be  a  frequent 
presence of the senior executives who are responsible for and involved in the decision making related to the insurance 
business in Bermuda. IGI Bermuda may need to continue to enhance its infrastructure in Bermuda to ensure that it 
is managed and directed from Bermuda, which may result in additional operational cost. IGI Bermuda’s Head Office 
remediation  plan  may  be  changed  based  on  additional  guidance  by  the  BMA,  subsequent  legislative  requirements 
and/or any other governmental issuances which may affect the interpretation of the Head Office requirements and thus 
impact IGI Bermuda’s remediation plan.

Loss Reserve Specialist.  A Class 3B insurer is required to appoint an individual approved by the BMA to be 
its loss reserve specialist. In order to qualify as an approved loss reserve specialist, the applicant must be an individual 
qualified  to  provide  an  opinion  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  Insurance Act  and  the  BMA  must  be 
satisfied that the individual is fit and proper to hold such an appointment.

The Class 3B insurer is required to submit annually an opinion of its approved loss reserve specialist with its 
capital and solvency return in respect of its total general business insurance technical provisions (i.e. the aggregate of 
its net premium provisions, net loss and loss expense provisions and risk margin, as each is reported in the insurer’s 
statutory economic balance sheet). The loss reserve specialist’s opinion must state, among other things, whether or 
not the aggregate amount of technical provisions shown in the statutory economic balance sheet as at the end of the 
relevant financial year (i) meets the requirements of the Insurance Act and (ii) makes reasonable provision for the total 
technical provisions of the insurer under the terms of its insurance contracts and agreements.

Annual Financial Statements.  A Class 3B insurer is required to prepare and submit, on an annual basis, audited 

IFRS or GAAP financial statements (as defined below) and audited statutory financial statements.

A Class 3B insurer is required to prepare and submit to the BMA financial statements which have been prepared 
under  generally  accepted  accounting  principles  or  international  financial  reporting  standards  (“GAAP  financial 
statements”).

The Insurance Act prescribes rules for the preparation and substance of statutory financial statements (which 
include, in statutory form, a balance sheet, an income statement, a statement of capital and surplus and notes thereto). 
The statutory financial statements include detailed information and analysis regarding premiums, claims, reinsurance 
and investments of the insurer.

The  insurer’s  annual  GAAP  financial  statements  and  the  auditor’s  report  thereon  and  the  statutory  financial 
statements are required to be filed with the BMA within four months from the end of the relevant financial year (unless 
specifically extended with the approval of the BMA).

The  statutory  financial  statements  do  not  form  a  part  of  the  public  records  maintained  by  the  BMA  but  the 

GAAP financial statements are available for public inspection.

Declaration  of  Compliance.  At  the  time  of  filing  its  statutory  financial  statements,  a  Class  3B  insurer  is 
also  required  to  deliver  to  the  BMA  a  declaration  of  compliance,  in  such  form  and  with  such  content  as  may  be 
prescribed by the BMA, declaring whether or not the Class 3B insurer has, with respect to the preceding financial year 
(i) complied with all requirements of the minimum criteria applicable to it; (ii) complied with the minimum margin of 
solvency as at its financial year end; (iii) complied with the applicable ECR as at its financial year end; (iv) complied 
with applicable conditions, directions and restrictions imposed on, or approvals granted to, the Class 3B insurer; and 
(v) complied with the minimum liquidity ratio for general business as at its financial year end. The declaration of 
compliance is required to be signed by two directors of the Class 3B insurer, and if the Class 3B insurer has failed 
to comply with any of the requirements referenced in (i) through (v) above or observe any limitations, restrictions or 
conditions imposed upon the issuance of its license, if applicable, the Class 3B insurer will be required to provide the 
BMA with particulars of such failure in writing. A Class 3B insurer shall be liable to civil penalty by way of a fine for 
failure to comply with a duty imposed on it in connection with the delivery of the declaration of compliance.

Annual Statutory Financial Return and Annual Capital and Solvency Return.  A Class 3B insurer is required to 
file with the BMA a statutory financial return no later than four months after its financial year end (unless specifically 
extended with the approval of the BMA).

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          The  statutory  financial  return  of  a  Class  3B  insurer  shall  consist  of  (i)  an  insurer  information  sheet,  (ii)  an 
auditor’s report, (iii) the statutory financial statements (including notes to the unconsolidated financial statements) and 
(iv) the statutory declaration of compliance.

The  insurer  information  sheet  shall  state,  among  other  matters,  (i)  whether  the  general  purpose  financial 
statements of the insurer for the relevant year have been audited and an unqualified opinion issued, (ii) the minimum 
margin  of  solvency  applying  to  the  insurer  and  whether  such  margin  was  met,  (iii)  whether  or  not  the  minimum 
liquidity ratio applying to the insurer for the relevant year was met and (iv) whether or not the insurer has complied 
with every condition attached to its certificate of registration. The insurer information sheet shall state if any of the 
questions identified in items (ii), (iii) or (iv) above is answered in the negative, whether or not the insurer has taken 
corrective action in any case and, where the insurer has taken such action, describe the action in an attached statement.

The directors are required to certify whether the minimum solvency margin has been met, and the independent 
approved auditor is required to state whether in its opinion it was reasonable for the directors to make this certification.

Where an insurer’s accounts have been audited for any purpose other than compliance with the Insurance Act, a 

statement to that effect must be filed with the statutory financial return.

In addition, each year the insurer is required to file with the BMA a capital and solvency return along with its 
annual statutory financial return. The prescribed form of capital and solvency return comprises the insurer’s Bermuda 
Solvency  Capital  Requirement  (“BSCR”)  model  or  an  approved  internal  capital  model  in  lieu  thereof  (more  fully 
described below), together with such schedules as prescribed by the Insurance (Prudential Standards) (Class 4 and 
Class 3B Solvency Requirement) Rules 2008, as amended from time to time.

Neither the statutory financial return nor the capital and solvency return is available for public inspection.

Quarterly Financial Return.  A Class 3B insurer, not otherwise subject to group supervision, is required to 
prepare and file quarterly financial returns with the BMA on or before the last day of the months of May, August 
and November of each year. The quarterly financial returns consist of, among other matters: (i) quarterly unaudited 
financial statements for each financial quarter (which must minimally include a balance sheet and income statement 
and must also be recent and not reflect a financial position that exceeds two months) and (ii) a list and details of material 
intra-group transactions that the insurer is a party to and the insurer’s risk concentrations that have materialized since 
the most recent quarterly or annual financial returns, details surrounding all intra-group reinsurance and retrocession 
arrangements and other intra-group risk transfer insurance business arrangements that have materialized since the most 
recent quarterly or annual financial returns and (iii) details of the ten largest exposures to unaffiliated counterparties 
and any other unaffiliated counterparty exposures exceeding 10% of the insurer’s statutory capital and surplus.

Public Disclosures.  Pursuant to the Insurance Act, all commercial insurers and insurance groups are required to 
prepare and file with the BMA, and also publish on their website, a financial condition report. The BMA has discretion 
to approve modifications and exemptions to the public disclosure rules, on application by the insurer if, among other 
things, the BMA is satisfied that the disclosure of certain information will result in a competitive disadvantage or 
compromise confidentiality obligations of the insurer.

Independent Approved Auditor.  A Class 3B insurer must appoint an independent auditor who will audit and 
report on the insurer’s GAAP financial statements and statutory financial statements, each of which are required to 
be filed annually with the BMA. The auditor must be approved by the BMA as the independent auditor of the insurer. 
If the insurer fails to appoint an approved auditor or at any time fails to fill a vacancy for such auditor, the BMA may 
appoint an approved auditor for the insurer and shall fix the remuneration to be paid to the approved auditor within 
14 days, if not agreed sooner by the insurer and the auditor. IGI Bermuda’s BMA-approved independent auditor is 
Ernst & Young Bermuda.

Non-insurance Business.  No Class 3B insurer may engage in non-insurance business unless that non-insurance 
business is ancillary to its core business. Non-insurance business means any business other than insurance business 
and includes carrying on investment business, managing an investment fund as operator, carrying on business as a 
fund administrator, carrying on banking business, underwriting debt or securities or otherwise engaging in investment 
banking, engaging in commercial or industrial activities and carrying on the business of management, sales or leasing 
of real property.

Minimum Liquidity Ratio.  The Insurance Act provides a minimum liquidity ratio for general business insurers. 

A Class 3B insurer engaged in general business is required to maintain the value of its relevant assets at not less than 

75%  of  the  amount  of  its  relevant  liabilities.  Relevant  assets  include  cash  and  time  deposits,  quoted  investments, 

unquoted bonds and debentures, first liens on real estate, investment income due and accrued, accounts and premiums 

receivable, reinsurance balances receivable, funds held by ceding reinsurers and any other assets which the BMA, on 

application in any particular case made to it with reasons, accepts in that case.

There are certain categories of assets which, unless specifically permitted by the BMA, do not automatically 

qualify as relevant assets, such as unquoted equity securities, investments in and advances to affiliates and real estate 

and collateral loans.

The  relevant  liabilities  are  total  general  business  insurance  reserves  and  total  other  liabilities  less  deferred 

income taxes and letters of credit, guarantees and other instruments.

Minimum Solvency Margin and Enhanced Capital Requirements.  The Insurance Act provides that the value 

of the statutory assets of an insurer must exceed the value of its statutory liabilities by an amount greater than its 

prescribed minimum solvency margin (“MSM”).

The MSM that must be maintained by a Class 3B insurer with respect to its general business is the greater of 

(i) $1,000,000, or (ii) 20% of the first $6,000,000 of net premiums written; if in excess of $6,000,000, the figure is 

$1,200,000 plus 15% of net premiums written in excess of $6,000,000 or (iii) 15% of the aggregate of net loss and 

loss expense provisions and other insurance reserves or (iv) 25% of the ECR (as defined below) as reported at the end 

of the relevant year.

model.

Class 3B insurers are also required to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level equal 

to or in excess of its ECR which is established by reference to either the BSCR model or an approved internal capital 

The BSCR model is a risk-based capital model which provides a method for determining an insurer’s capital 

requirements (statutory economic capital and surplus) by taking into account the risk characteristics of different aspects 

of the insurer’s business. The BSCR formula establishes capital requirements for ten categories of risk: fixed income 

investment risk, equity investment risk, interest rate/liquidity risk, currency risk, concentration risk, premium risk, 

reserve risk, credit risk, catastrophe risk and operational risk. For each category, the capital requirement is determined 

by  applying  factors  to  asset,  premium,  reserve,  creditor,  probable  maximum  loss  and  operation  items,  with  higher 

factors applied to items with greater underlying risk and lower factors for less risky items.

While not specifically referred to in the Insurance Act (or required thereunder), the BMA has also established a 

target capital level (“TCL”) for each Class 3B insurer equal to 120% of its ECR. The TCL serves as an early warning 

tool for the BMA and failure to maintain statutory capital at least equal to the TCL will likely result in increased 

regulatory oversight.

Any Class 3B insurer which at any time fails to meet its MSM requirements must, upon becoming aware of such 

failure, immediately notify the BMA and, within 14 days thereafter, file a written report with the BMA containing 

particulars of the circumstances that gave rise to the failure and setting out its plan detailing specific actions to be taken 

and the expected timeframe in which the insurer intends to rectify the failure.

Any Class 3B insurer which at any time fails to meet its applicable ECR shall, upon becoming aware of that 

failure, or of having reason to believe that such a failure has occurred, immediately notify the BMA in writing and 

within 14 days of such notification file with the BMA a written report containing particulars of the circumstances 

leading to the failure; and a plan detailing the manner, specific actions to be taken and time within which the insurer 

intends to rectify the failure and within 45 days of becoming aware of that failure, or of having reason to believe that 

such a failure has occurred, furnish the BMA with (i) unaudited statutory economic balance sheets and unaudited 

interim  statutory  financial  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP  covering  such  period  as  the  BMA  may 

require; (ii) the opinion of a loss reserve specialist in relation to the total general business insurance technical provisions 

as set out in the economic balance sheet, where applicable; (iii) a general business solvency certificate in respect of the 

financial statements; and (iv) a capital and solvency return reflecting an ECR prepared using post failure data where 

applicable.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The  statutory  financial  return  of  a  Class  3B  insurer  shall  consist  of  (i)  an  insurer  information  sheet,  (ii)  an 

auditor’s report, (iii) the statutory financial statements (including notes to the unconsolidated financial statements) and 

(iv) the statutory declaration of compliance.

The  insurer  information  sheet  shall  state,  among  other  matters,  (i)  whether  the  general  purpose  financial 

statements of the insurer for the relevant year have been audited and an unqualified opinion issued, (ii) the minimum 

margin  of  solvency  applying  to  the  insurer  and  whether  such  margin  was  met,  (iii)  whether  or  not  the  minimum 

liquidity ratio applying to the insurer for the relevant year was met and (iv) whether or not the insurer has complied 

with every condition attached to its certificate of registration. The insurer information sheet shall state if any of the 

questions identified in items (ii), (iii) or (iv) above is answered in the negative, whether or not the insurer has taken 

corrective action in any case and, where the insurer has taken such action, describe the action in an attached statement.

The directors are required to certify whether the minimum solvency margin has been met, and the independent 

approved auditor is required to state whether in its opinion it was reasonable for the directors to make this certification.

Where an insurer’s accounts have been audited for any purpose other than compliance with the Insurance Act, a 

statement to that effect must be filed with the statutory financial return.

In addition, each year the insurer is required to file with the BMA a capital and solvency return along with its 

annual statutory financial return. The prescribed form of capital and solvency return comprises the insurer’s Bermuda 

Solvency  Capital  Requirement  (“BSCR”)  model  or  an  approved  internal  capital  model  in  lieu  thereof  (more  fully 

described below), together with such schedules as prescribed by the Insurance (Prudential Standards) (Class 4 and 

Class 3B Solvency Requirement) Rules 2008, as amended from time to time.

Neither the statutory financial return nor the capital and solvency return is available for public inspection.

Quarterly Financial Return.  A Class 3B insurer, not otherwise subject to group supervision, is required to 

prepare and file quarterly financial returns with the BMA on or before the last day of the months of May, August 

and November of each year. The quarterly financial returns consist of, among other matters: (i) quarterly unaudited 

financial statements for each financial quarter (which must minimally include a balance sheet and income statement 

and must also be recent and not reflect a financial position that exceeds two months) and (ii) a list and details of material 

intra-group transactions that the insurer is a party to and the insurer’s risk concentrations that have materialized since 

the most recent quarterly or annual financial returns, details surrounding all intra-group reinsurance and retrocession 

arrangements and other intra-group risk transfer insurance business arrangements that have materialized since the most 

recent quarterly or annual financial returns and (iii) details of the ten largest exposures to unaffiliated counterparties 

and any other unaffiliated counterparty exposures exceeding 10% of the insurer’s statutory capital and surplus.

Public Disclosures.  Pursuant to the Insurance Act, all commercial insurers and insurance groups are required to 

prepare and file with the BMA, and also publish on their website, a financial condition report. The BMA has discretion 

to approve modifications and exemptions to the public disclosure rules, on application by the insurer if, among other 

things, the BMA is satisfied that the disclosure of certain information will result in a competitive disadvantage or 

compromise confidentiality obligations of the insurer.

Independent Approved Auditor.  A Class 3B insurer must appoint an independent auditor who will audit and 

report on the insurer’s GAAP financial statements and statutory financial statements, each of which are required to 

be filed annually with the BMA. The auditor must be approved by the BMA as the independent auditor of the insurer. 

If the insurer fails to appoint an approved auditor or at any time fails to fill a vacancy for such auditor, the BMA may 

appoint an approved auditor for the insurer and shall fix the remuneration to be paid to the approved auditor within 

14 days, if not agreed sooner by the insurer and the auditor. IGI Bermuda’s BMA-approved independent auditor is 

Ernst & Young Bermuda.

Non-insurance Business.  No Class 3B insurer may engage in non-insurance business unless that non-insurance 

business is ancillary to its core business. Non-insurance business means any business other than insurance business 

and includes carrying on investment business, managing an investment fund as operator, carrying on business as a 

fund administrator, carrying on banking business, underwriting debt or securities or otherwise engaging in investment 

banking, engaging in commercial or industrial activities and carrying on the business of management, sales or leasing 

of real property.

Minimum Liquidity Ratio.  The Insurance Act provides a minimum liquidity ratio for general business insurers. 
A Class 3B insurer engaged in general business is required to maintain the value of its relevant assets at not less than 
75%  of  the  amount  of  its  relevant  liabilities.  Relevant  assets  include  cash  and  time  deposits,  quoted  investments, 
unquoted bonds and debentures, first liens on real estate, investment income due and accrued, accounts and premiums 
receivable, reinsurance balances receivable, funds held by ceding reinsurers and any other assets which the BMA, on 
application in any particular case made to it with reasons, accepts in that case.

There are certain categories of assets which, unless specifically permitted by the BMA, do not automatically 
qualify as relevant assets, such as unquoted equity securities, investments in and advances to affiliates and real estate 
and collateral loans.

The  relevant  liabilities  are  total  general  business  insurance  reserves  and  total  other  liabilities  less  deferred 

income taxes and letters of credit, guarantees and other instruments.

Minimum Solvency Margin and Enhanced Capital Requirements.  The Insurance Act provides that the value 
of the statutory assets of an insurer must exceed the value of its statutory liabilities by an amount greater than its 
prescribed minimum solvency margin (“MSM”).

The MSM that must be maintained by a Class 3B insurer with respect to its general business is the greater of 
(i) $1,000,000, or (ii) 20% of the first $6,000,000 of net premiums written; if in excess of $6,000,000, the figure is 
$1,200,000 plus 15% of net premiums written in excess of $6,000,000 or (iii) 15% of the aggregate of net loss and 
loss expense provisions and other insurance reserves or (iv) 25% of the ECR (as defined below) as reported at the end 
of the relevant year.

Class 3B insurers are also required to maintain available statutory economic capital and surplus at a level equal 
to or in excess of its ECR which is established by reference to either the BSCR model or an approved internal capital 
model.

The BSCR model is a risk-based capital model which provides a method for determining an insurer’s capital 
requirements (statutory economic capital and surplus) by taking into account the risk characteristics of different aspects 
of the insurer’s business. The BSCR formula establishes capital requirements for ten categories of risk: fixed income 
investment risk, equity investment risk, interest rate/liquidity risk, currency risk, concentration risk, premium risk, 
reserve risk, credit risk, catastrophe risk and operational risk. For each category, the capital requirement is determined 
by  applying  factors  to  asset,  premium,  reserve,  creditor,  probable  maximum  loss  and  operation  items,  with  higher 
factors applied to items with greater underlying risk and lower factors for less risky items.

While not specifically referred to in the Insurance Act (or required thereunder), the BMA has also established a 
target capital level (“TCL”) for each Class 3B insurer equal to 120% of its ECR. The TCL serves as an early warning 
tool for the BMA and failure to maintain statutory capital at least equal to the TCL will likely result in increased 
regulatory oversight.

Any Class 3B insurer which at any time fails to meet its MSM requirements must, upon becoming aware of such 
failure, immediately notify the BMA and, within 14 days thereafter, file a written report with the BMA containing 
particulars of the circumstances that gave rise to the failure and setting out its plan detailing specific actions to be taken 
and the expected timeframe in which the insurer intends to rectify the failure.

Any Class 3B insurer which at any time fails to meet its applicable ECR shall, upon becoming aware of that 
failure, or of having reason to believe that such a failure has occurred, immediately notify the BMA in writing and 
within 14 days of such notification file with the BMA a written report containing particulars of the circumstances 
leading to the failure; and a plan detailing the manner, specific actions to be taken and time within which the insurer 
intends to rectify the failure and within 45 days of becoming aware of that failure, or of having reason to believe that 
such a failure has occurred, furnish the BMA with (i) unaudited statutory economic balance sheets and unaudited 
interim  statutory  financial  statements  prepared  in  accordance  with  GAAP  covering  such  period  as  the  BMA  may 
require; (ii) the opinion of a loss reserve specialist in relation to the total general business insurance technical provisions 
as set out in the economic balance sheet, where applicable; (iii) a general business solvency certificate in respect of the 
financial statements; and (iv) a capital and solvency return reflecting an ECR prepared using post failure data where 
applicable.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Eligible Capital.  To enable the BMA to better assess the quality of the insurer’s capital resources, a Class 3B 
insurer is required to disclose the makeup of its capital in accordance with the recently introduced ’3-tiered eligible 
capital system’. Under this system, all of the insurer’s capital instruments will be classified as either basic or ancillary 
capital which in turn will be classified into one of three tiers based on their “loss absorbency” characteristics. Highest 
quality capital will be classified as Tier 1 Capital, and lesser quality capital will be classified as either Tier 2 Capital or 
Tier 3 Capital. Under this regime, up to certain specified percentages of Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Capital may be used 
to support the Class 3B insurer’s MSM, ECR and TCL.

The characteristics of the capital instruments that must be satisfied to qualify as Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Capital 
are set out in the Insurance (Eligible Capital) Rules 2012, and amendments thereto. Under these rules, Tier 1, Tier 2 
and Tier 3 Capital may, until January 1, 2026, include capital instruments that do not satisfy the requirement that the 
instrument be non-redeemable or settled only with the issuance of an instrument of equal or higher quality upon a 
breach, or if it would cause a breach, of the ECR.

Where the BMA has previously approved the use of certain instruments for capital purposes, the BMA’s consent 

will need to be obtained if such instruments are to remain eligible for use in satisfying the MSM and the ECR.

Code of Conduct.  The Insurance Code of Conduct (the “Insurance Code of Conduct”) prescribes the duties, 
standards, procedures and sound business principles with which all insurers registered under the Insurance Act must 
comply. The  BMA  will  assess  IGI  Bermuda’s  compliance  with  the  Insurance  Code  of  Conduct  in  a  proportional 
manner relative to the nature, scale and complexity of its business. Failure to comply with the requirements of the 
Insurance Code of Conduct will be taken into account by the BMA in determining whether IGI Bermuda is conducting 
its business in a sound and prudent manner as prescribed by the Insurance Act, may result in the BMA exercising its 
powers of intervention and investigation (see below) and will be a factor in calculating the operational risk charge under 
the insurer’s BSCR or approved internal model. In December 2021, the BMA released a consultation paper on the 
revisions to the Insurance Code of Conduct and following a review of the public consultation feedback, the revisions 
to the Insurance Code of Conduct were finalized and became effective on 31 August 2022 (with a six-month transition 
period for conduct-related additions and a 12-month transition period to comply with the new provisions/amendments 
of  all  other  sections  of  the  document). The  most  significant  changes  to  the  Insurance  Code  of  Conduct  relate  to 
corporate governance, including introducing a requirement that an insurer, such as IGI Bermuda, include an appropriate 
number of independent non-executive directors on its board. The BMA clarified that the revisions would not create a 
requirement for independent non-executive directors for all boards, but would be influenced by a number of factors, 
including the nature, size and complexity of the insurer’s business, its business model and whether it is a part of an 
insurance group. The Insurance Code of Conduct was also amended to require board members to review and assess the 
fitness and propriety of board membership, committees, and chief and senior executives at least every three (3) years 
and/or upon a material change to business activities or risk profile. Other changes include a requirement for insurers, 
such as IGI Bermuda, to demonstrate the economic impact of risk mitigation techniques originating from reinsurance 
contracts and the addition of “Sustainability Risk” as a material risk that should be considered in risk management 
strategies.

Cyber Risk Code of Conduct.  The BMA has recognized that cyber incidents can cause significant financial 
losses and/or reputational impacts across the insurance industry and has implemented the Insurance Sector Operational 
Cyber Risk Management Code of Conduct (the “Cyber Risk Code”) to ensure that those operating in the Bermuda 
insurance  sector  can  mitigate  such  risks.  The  Cyber  Risk  Code  prescribes  the  duties,  requirements,  standards, 
procedures and principles which all insurers, insurance managers and insurance intermediaries (agents, brokers and 
insurance market place providers) registered under the Insurance Act must comply. The Cyber Risk Code is designed 
to promote the stable and secure management of information technology systems of regulated entities and requires 
that all registrants implement their own technology risk programmes, determine what their top risks are and develop 
an  appropriate  risk  response. This  requires  all  registrants  to  develop  a  cyber  risk  policy  which  is  to  be  delivered 
pursuant to an operational cyber risk management programme and appoint an appropriately qualified member of staff 
or outsourced resource to the role of Chief Information Security Officer. The role of the Chief Information Security 
Officer is to deliver the operational cyber risk management programme.

It is expected that the cyber risk policy will be approved by the registrant’s board of directors at least annually. 
The BMA will assess a registrant’s compliance with the Cyber Risk Code in a proportionate manner relative to the 
nature, scale and complexity of its business. While it is acknowledged that some registrants will use a third party to 
provide technology services and that they may outsource their IT resources (for example, to an insurance manager 

where applicable), when so outsourced, the overall responsibility for the outsourced functions will remain with the 

registrant’s board of directors. Failure to comply with the requirements of the Cyber Risk Code will be taken into 

account by the BMA in determining whether a registrant is conducting its business in a sound and prudent manner, as 

prescribed by the Insurance Act, and may result in the BMA exercising its powers of intervention and investigation.

Recovery Planning.  The Insurance Act was recently amended to empower the BMA to make rules for recovery 

planning. It is anticipated that when these rules are implemented, the BMA will require certain commercial insurers 

to develop recovery plans. Any requirement to prepare a recovery plan under such new rules or requirements shall 

take into account the nature, scale, complexity and risk profile of the insurance business so conducted by the insurer 

or insurance group.

Restrictions  on  Dividends  and  Distributions.  A  Class  3B  insurer  is  prohibited  from  declaring  or  paying  a 

dividend  if  it  is  in  breach  of  its  MSM,  ECR  or  minimum  liquidity  ratio  or  if  the  declaration  or  payment  of  such 

dividend  would  cause  such  a  breach. Where  an  insurer  fails  to  meet  its  MSM  or  minimum  liquidity  ratio  on  the 

last day of any financial year, it will be prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends during the next financial 

year without the approval of the BMA.

In addition, a Class 3B insurer is prohibited from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more 

than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its previous financial year’s statutory balance sheet) 

unless it files (at least seven days before payment of such dividends) with the BMA an affidavit signed by at least two 

directors (one of whom must be a Bermuda resident director if any of the insurer’s directors are resident in Bermuda) 

and the principal representative stating that it will continue to meet its solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio. 

Where such an affidavit is filed, it shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the BMA.

Reduction of Capital.  No Class 3B insurer may reduce its total statutory capital by 15% or more, as set out in 

its previous year’s financial statements, unless it has received the prior approval of the BMA. Total statutory capital 

consists of the insurer’s paid in share capital, its contributed surplus (sometimes called additional paid in capital) and 

any other fixed capital designated by the BMA as statutory capital (such as letters of credit).

A  Class  3B  insurer  seeking  to  reduce  its  statutory  capital  by  15%  or  more,  as  set  out  in  its  previous  year’s 

financial statements, is also required to submit an affidavit signed by at least two directors (one of whom must be a 

Bermuda resident director if any of the insurer’s directors are resident in Bermuda) and the principal representative 

stating that the proposed reduction will not cause the insurer to fail its relevant margins and such other information as 

the BMA may require. Where such an affidavit is filed, it shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the 

BMA.

Policyholder Priority. 

In the event of a liquidation or winding up of an insurer, policyholders’ liabilities receive 

prior  payment  ahead  of  general  unsecured  creditors.  Subject  to  the  prior  payment  of  preferential  debts  under  the 

Employment Act 2000 and the Companies Act, the insurance debts of an insurer must be paid in priority to all other 

unsecured debts of the insurer. Insurance debt is defined as a debt to which an insurer is or may become liable pursuant 

to an insurance contract, excluding debts owed to an insurer under an insurance contract where the insurer is the person 

insured. Insurance contract is defined as any contract of insurance, capital redemption contract or a contract that has 

been recorded as insurance business in the financial statements of the insurer pursuant to the Insurance Accounts 1980 

or the Insurance Account Rules 2016, as applicable.

Fit and Proper Controllers.  The BMA maintains supervision over the controllers of all registered insurers in 

Bermuda.

accustomed to act.

A controller includes (i) the managing director of the registered insurer or its parent company; (ii) the chief 

executive  of  the  registered  insurer  or  of  its  parent  company;  (iii)  a  shareholder  controller;  and  (iv)  any  person  in 

accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the registered insurer or of its parent company are 

The definition of shareholder controller is set out in the Insurance Act but generally refers to (i) a person who 

holds 10% or more of the shares carrying rights to vote at a shareholders’ meeting of the registered insurer or its parent 

company, or (ii) a person who is entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting power at any shareholders’ meeting of 

such registered insurer or its parent company, or (iii) a person who is able to exercise significant influence over the 

management of the registered insurer or its parent company by virtue of its shareholding or its entitlement to exercise, 

or control the exercise of, the voting power at any shareholders’ meeting.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Eligible Capital.  To enable the BMA to better assess the quality of the insurer’s capital resources, a Class 3B 

insurer is required to disclose the makeup of its capital in accordance with the recently introduced ’3-tiered eligible 

capital system’. Under this system, all of the insurer’s capital instruments will be classified as either basic or ancillary 

capital which in turn will be classified into one of three tiers based on their “loss absorbency” characteristics. Highest 

quality capital will be classified as Tier 1 Capital, and lesser quality capital will be classified as either Tier 2 Capital or 

Tier 3 Capital. Under this regime, up to certain specified percentages of Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Capital may be used 

to support the Class 3B insurer’s MSM, ECR and TCL.

The characteristics of the capital instruments that must be satisfied to qualify as Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Capital 

are set out in the Insurance (Eligible Capital) Rules 2012, and amendments thereto. Under these rules, Tier 1, Tier 2 

and Tier 3 Capital may, until January 1, 2026, include capital instruments that do not satisfy the requirement that the 

instrument be non-redeemable or settled only with the issuance of an instrument of equal or higher quality upon a 

breach, or if it would cause a breach, of the ECR.

Where the BMA has previously approved the use of certain instruments for capital purposes, the BMA’s consent 

will need to be obtained if such instruments are to remain eligible for use in satisfying the MSM and the ECR.

Code of Conduct.  The Insurance Code of Conduct (the “Insurance Code of Conduct”) prescribes the duties, 

standards, procedures and sound business principles with which all insurers registered under the Insurance Act must 

comply. The  BMA  will  assess  IGI  Bermuda’s  compliance  with  the  Insurance  Code  of  Conduct  in  a  proportional 

manner relative to the nature, scale and complexity of its business. Failure to comply with the requirements of the 

Insurance Code of Conduct will be taken into account by the BMA in determining whether IGI Bermuda is conducting 

its business in a sound and prudent manner as prescribed by the Insurance Act, may result in the BMA exercising its 

powers of intervention and investigation (see below) and will be a factor in calculating the operational risk charge under 

the insurer’s BSCR or approved internal model. In December 2021, the BMA released a consultation paper on the 

revisions to the Insurance Code of Conduct and following a review of the public consultation feedback, the revisions 

to the Insurance Code of Conduct were finalized and became effective on 31 August 2022 (with a six-month transition 

period for conduct-related additions and a 12-month transition period to comply with the new provisions/amendments 

of  all  other  sections  of  the  document). The  most  significant  changes  to  the  Insurance  Code  of  Conduct  relate  to 

corporate governance, including introducing a requirement that an insurer, such as IGI Bermuda, include an appropriate 

number of independent non-executive directors on its board. The BMA clarified that the revisions would not create a 

requirement for independent non-executive directors for all boards, but would be influenced by a number of factors, 

including the nature, size and complexity of the insurer’s business, its business model and whether it is a part of an 

insurance group. The Insurance Code of Conduct was also amended to require board members to review and assess the 

fitness and propriety of board membership, committees, and chief and senior executives at least every three (3) years 

and/or upon a material change to business activities or risk profile. Other changes include a requirement for insurers, 

such as IGI Bermuda, to demonstrate the economic impact of risk mitigation techniques originating from reinsurance 

contracts and the addition of “Sustainability Risk” as a material risk that should be considered in risk management 

strategies.

Cyber Risk Code of Conduct.  The BMA has recognized that cyber incidents can cause significant financial 

losses and/or reputational impacts across the insurance industry and has implemented the Insurance Sector Operational 

Cyber Risk Management Code of Conduct (the “Cyber Risk Code”) to ensure that those operating in the Bermuda 

insurance  sector  can  mitigate  such  risks.  The  Cyber  Risk  Code  prescribes  the  duties,  requirements,  standards, 

procedures and principles which all insurers, insurance managers and insurance intermediaries (agents, brokers and 

insurance market place providers) registered under the Insurance Act must comply. The Cyber Risk Code is designed 

to promote the stable and secure management of information technology systems of regulated entities and requires 

that all registrants implement their own technology risk programmes, determine what their top risks are and develop 

an  appropriate  risk  response. This  requires  all  registrants  to  develop  a  cyber  risk  policy  which  is  to  be  delivered 

pursuant to an operational cyber risk management programme and appoint an appropriately qualified member of staff 

or outsourced resource to the role of Chief Information Security Officer. The role of the Chief Information Security 

Officer is to deliver the operational cyber risk management programme.

It is expected that the cyber risk policy will be approved by the registrant’s board of directors at least annually. 

The BMA will assess a registrant’s compliance with the Cyber Risk Code in a proportionate manner relative to the 

nature, scale and complexity of its business. While it is acknowledged that some registrants will use a third party to 

provide technology services and that they may outsource their IT resources (for example, to an insurance manager 

where applicable), when so outsourced, the overall responsibility for the outsourced functions will remain with the 
registrant’s board of directors. Failure to comply with the requirements of the Cyber Risk Code will be taken into 
account by the BMA in determining whether a registrant is conducting its business in a sound and prudent manner, as 
prescribed by the Insurance Act, and may result in the BMA exercising its powers of intervention and investigation.

Recovery Planning.  The Insurance Act was recently amended to empower the BMA to make rules for recovery 
planning. It is anticipated that when these rules are implemented, the BMA will require certain commercial insurers 
to develop recovery plans. Any requirement to prepare a recovery plan under such new rules or requirements shall 
take into account the nature, scale, complexity and risk profile of the insurance business so conducted by the insurer 
or insurance group.

Restrictions  on  Dividends  and  Distributions.  A  Class  3B  insurer  is  prohibited  from  declaring  or  paying  a 
dividend  if  it  is  in  breach  of  its  MSM,  ECR  or  minimum  liquidity  ratio  or  if  the  declaration  or  payment  of  such 
dividend  would  cause  such  a  breach. Where  an  insurer  fails  to  meet  its  MSM  or  minimum  liquidity  ratio  on  the 
last day of any financial year, it will be prohibited from declaring or paying any dividends during the next financial 
year without the approval of the BMA.

In addition, a Class 3B insurer is prohibited from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more 
than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus (as shown on its previous financial year’s statutory balance sheet) 
unless it files (at least seven days before payment of such dividends) with the BMA an affidavit signed by at least two 
directors (one of whom must be a Bermuda resident director if any of the insurer’s directors are resident in Bermuda) 
and the principal representative stating that it will continue to meet its solvency margin and minimum liquidity ratio. 
Where such an affidavit is filed, it shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the BMA.

Reduction of Capital.  No Class 3B insurer may reduce its total statutory capital by 15% or more, as set out in 
its previous year’s financial statements, unless it has received the prior approval of the BMA. Total statutory capital 
consists of the insurer’s paid in share capital, its contributed surplus (sometimes called additional paid in capital) and 
any other fixed capital designated by the BMA as statutory capital (such as letters of credit).

A  Class  3B  insurer  seeking  to  reduce  its  statutory  capital  by  15%  or  more,  as  set  out  in  its  previous  year’s 
financial statements, is also required to submit an affidavit signed by at least two directors (one of whom must be a 
Bermuda resident director if any of the insurer’s directors are resident in Bermuda) and the principal representative 
stating that the proposed reduction will not cause the insurer to fail its relevant margins and such other information as 
the BMA may require. Where such an affidavit is filed, it shall be available for public inspection at the offices of the 
BMA.

Policyholder Priority. 

In the event of a liquidation or winding up of an insurer, policyholders’ liabilities receive 
prior  payment  ahead  of  general  unsecured  creditors.  Subject  to  the  prior  payment  of  preferential  debts  under  the 
Employment Act 2000 and the Companies Act, the insurance debts of an insurer must be paid in priority to all other 
unsecured debts of the insurer. Insurance debt is defined as a debt to which an insurer is or may become liable pursuant 
to an insurance contract, excluding debts owed to an insurer under an insurance contract where the insurer is the person 
insured. Insurance contract is defined as any contract of insurance, capital redemption contract or a contract that has 
been recorded as insurance business in the financial statements of the insurer pursuant to the Insurance Accounts 1980 
or the Insurance Account Rules 2016, as applicable.

Fit and Proper Controllers.  The BMA maintains supervision over the controllers of all registered insurers in 

Bermuda.

A controller includes (i) the managing director of the registered insurer or its parent company; (ii) the chief 
executive  of  the  registered  insurer  or  of  its  parent  company;  (iii)  a  shareholder  controller;  and  (iv)  any  person  in 
accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of the registered insurer or of its parent company are 
accustomed to act.

The definition of shareholder controller is set out in the Insurance Act but generally refers to (i) a person who 
holds 10% or more of the shares carrying rights to vote at a shareholders’ meeting of the registered insurer or its parent 
company, or (ii) a person who is entitled to exercise 10% or more of the voting power at any shareholders’ meeting of 
such registered insurer or its parent company, or (iii) a person who is able to exercise significant influence over the 
management of the registered insurer or its parent company by virtue of its shareholding or its entitlement to exercise, 
or control the exercise of, the voting power at any shareholders’ meeting.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          A shareholder controller that owns 10% or more but less than 20% of the shares as described above is defined 
as a 10% shareholder controller; a shareholder controller that owns 20% or more but less than 33% of the shares as 
described above is defined as a 20% shareholder controller; a shareholder controller that owns 33% or more but less 
than 50% of the shares as described above is defined as a 33% shareholder controller; and a shareholder controller that 
owns 50% or more of the shares as described above is defined as a 50% shareholder controller.

Where  the  shares  of  the  registered  insurer,  or  the  shares  of  its  parent  company,  are  traded  on  a  recognized 
stock exchange, and a person becomes a 10%, 20%, 33% or 50% shareholder controller of the insurer, that person 
shall, within 45 days, notify the BMA in writing that he has become such a controller. In addition, a person who is a 
shareholder controller of a Class 3B insurer whose shares or the shares of its parent company (if any) are traded on a 
recognized stock exchange must serve on the BMA a notice in writing that he has reduced or disposed of his holding 
in the insurer where the proportion of voting rights in the insurer held by him will have reached or has fallen below 
10%, 20%, 33% or 50% as the case may be, not later than 45 days after such disposal.

Where the shares of an insurer, or the shares of its parent company, are not traded on a recognized stock exchange 
(i.e. private companies), the Insurance Act prohibits a person from becoming a shareholder controller unless he has 
first served on the BMA notice in writing stating that he intends to become such a controller and the BMA has either, 
before the end of 45 days following the date of notification, provided notice to the proposed controller that it does not 
object to his becoming such a controller or the full 45 days has elapsed without the BMA filing an objection. Where 
neither the shares of the insurer nor the shares of its parent company (if any) are traded on any stock exchange, the 
Insurance Act prohibits a person who is a shareholder controller of a Class 3B insurer from reducing or disposing of 
his holdings where the proportion of voting rights held by the shareholder controller in the insurer will reach or fall 
below 10%, 20%, 33% or 50%, as the case may be, unless that shareholder controller has served on the BMA a notice 
in writing stating that he intends to reduce or dispose of such holding.

Any person who contravenes the Insurance Act by failing to give notice or knowingly becoming a controller 
of any description before the required 45 days has elapsed is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine of $25,000 on 
summary conviction.

The BMA may file a notice of objection to any person who has become a controller of any description where 
it appears that such person is not, or is no longer, a fit and proper person to be a controller of the registered insurer. 
Before issuing a notice of objection, the BMA is required to serve upon the person concerned a preliminary written 
notice stating the BMA’s intention to issue formal notice of objection. Upon receipt of the preliminary written notice, 
the person served may, within 28 days, file written representations with the BMA which shall be taken into account 
by the BMA in making its final determination. Any person who continues to be a controller of any description after 
having received a notice of objection shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a 
fine of $25,000 (and a continuing fine of $500 per day for each day that the offence is continuing) or, if convicted on 
indictment, to a fine of $100,000 and/or two years in prison.

Notification by Registered Person of Change of Controllers and Officers.  All registered insurers are required 
to give written notice to the BMA of the fact that a person has become, or ceased to be, a controller or officer of 
the registered insurer within 45 days of becoming aware of such fact. An officer in relation to a registered insurer 
means a director, chief executive or senior executive performing duties of underwriting, actuarial, risk management, 
compliance, internal audit, finance or investment matters.

Notification of Cyber Reporting Events.  Every insurer is required to notify the BMA forthwith on it coming 
to the knowledge of the insurer, or where the insurer has reason to believe that a Cyber Reporting Event has occurred. 
Within 14 days of such notification the insurer must also furnish the BMA with a written report setting out all of the 
particulars of the Cyber Reporting Event that are available to it. A Cyber Reporting Event includes any act that results 
in the unauthorised access to, disruption, or misuse of electronic systems or information stored on such systems of 
an insurer, including breach of security leading to the loss or unlawful destruction or unauthorised disclosure of or 
access to such systems or information where there is a likelihood of an adverse impact to policyholders, clients or the 
insurer’s insurance business, or an event that has occurred for which notice is required to be provided to a regulatory 
body or government agency.

Notification  of  Other  Events.  Every  insurer  is  required  to  forthwith  notify  the  BMA  on  it  coming  to  the 

knowledge  of  the  insurer,  or  where  the  insurer  has  reason  to  believe  that  the  insurer  has  failed  to  comply  with  a 

condition  imposed  upon  it  by  the  BMA  or  that  the  insurer,  or  a  shareholder  controller  or  officer  of  the  insurer  is 

involved in any criminal proceedings whether in Bermuda or abroad.

Notification  of  Material  Changes.  All  registered  insurers  are  required  to  give  notice  to  the  BMA  of  their 

intention to effect a material change within the meaning of the Insurance Act. For the purposes of the Insurance Act, 

the following changes are material: (i) the transfer or acquisition of insurance business being part of a scheme falling 

under section 25 of the Insurance Act or section 99 of the Companies Act, (ii) the amalgamation with or acquisition 

of another firm, (iii) engaging in unrelated business that is retail business, (iv) the acquisition of a controlling interest 

in an undertaking that is engaged in non-insurance business which offers services and products to persons who are 

not  affiliates  of  the  insurer,  (v)  outsourcing  all  or  substantially  all  of  the  company’s  actuarial,  risk  management, 

compliance or internal audit functions, (vi) outsourcing all or a material part of an insurer’s underwriting activity, 

(vii) the transfer, other than by way of reinsurance, of all or substantially all of a line of business, (viii) the expansion 

into a material new line of business, (ix) the sale of an insurer, and (x) outsourcing of an officer role.

No registered insurer shall take any steps to give effect to a material change unless it has first served notice on 

the BMA that it intends to effect such material change and before the end of 30 days, either the BMA has notified such 

company in writing that it has no objection to such change or that period has lapsed without the BMA having issued 

a notice of objection.

Before issuing a notice of objection, the BMA is required to serve upon the person concerned a preliminary 

written notice stating the BMA’s intention to issue a formal notice of objection. Upon receipt of the preliminary written 

notice, the person served may, within 28 days, file written representations with the BMA which shall be taken into 

account by the BMA in making its final determination.

Group Supervision.  The BMA may, in respect of an insurance group, determine whether it is appropriate for it 

to act as its group supervisor. An insurance group is defined as a group of companies that conducts insurance business. 

The BMA may make such determination where it ascertains that (i) the group is headed by a “specified insurer” (that is 

to say, it is headed by either a Class 3A, Class 3B or Class 4 general business insurer or a Class C, Class D or Class E 

long term insurer or another class of insurer designated by order of the BMA); or (ii) where the insurance group is 

not headed by a “specified insurer”, where it is headed by a parent company which is incorporated in Bermuda; or 

(iii) where the parent company of the group is not a Bermuda company, in circumstances where the BMA is satisfied 

that the insurance group is directed and managed from Bermuda or the insurer with the largest balance sheet total is 

a specified insurer.

Where the BMA determines that it should act as the group supervisor, it shall designate a specified insurer that 

is a member of the insurance group to be the designated insurer (the “Designated Insurer”) and it shall give to the 

Designated Insurer and other applicable insurance regulatory authority written notice of its intention to act as group 

supervisor. Before the BMA makes a final determination whether or not to act as group supervisor, it shall take into 

account any written representations made by the Designated Insurer submitted within such period as is specified in 

the notice.

The BMA may exclude any company that is a member of an insurance group from group supervision on the 

application of the Designated Insurer, or on its own initiative, provided the BMA is satisfied that (i) the company is 

situated in a country or territory where there are legal impediments to cooperation and exchange of information, (ii) the 

financial operations of the company have a negligible impact on insurance group operations or (iii) the inclusion of the 

company would be inappropriate with respect to the objectives of group supervision.

The BMA may, on its own initiative or on the application of the relevant Designated Insurer, include within 

group supervision a company that is a member of the group that is not on the Register of Group Particulars (described 

below) if it is satisfied the financial operations of the company in question may have a material impact on the insurance 

group’s operations and its inclusion would be appropriate having regard to the objectives of group supervision.

Once the BMA has been designated as group supervisor, the Designated Insurer must ensure that the insurance 

group  of  which  it  is  a  member  appoints  (i)  an  individual  approved  by  the  BMA  who  is  qualified  as  a  group  actuary 

to  provide  an  opinion  on  the  insurance  group’s  insurance  technical  provisions  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 

Schedule  XIV  “Group  Statutory  Economic  Balance  Sheet”  of  the  Insurance  (Prudential  Standards)  (Insurance  Group 

Solvency Requirement) Rules 2011 and (ii) an auditor approved by the BMA to audit the financial statements of the group.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023A shareholder controller that owns 10% or more but less than 20% of the shares as described above is defined 

as a 10% shareholder controller; a shareholder controller that owns 20% or more but less than 33% of the shares as 

described above is defined as a 20% shareholder controller; a shareholder controller that owns 33% or more but less 

than 50% of the shares as described above is defined as a 33% shareholder controller; and a shareholder controller that 

owns 50% or more of the shares as described above is defined as a 50% shareholder controller.

Where  the  shares  of  the  registered  insurer,  or  the  shares  of  its  parent  company,  are  traded  on  a  recognized 

stock exchange, and a person becomes a 10%, 20%, 33% or 50% shareholder controller of the insurer, that person 

shall, within 45 days, notify the BMA in writing that he has become such a controller. In addition, a person who is a 

shareholder controller of a Class 3B insurer whose shares or the shares of its parent company (if any) are traded on a 

recognized stock exchange must serve on the BMA a notice in writing that he has reduced or disposed of his holding 

in the insurer where the proportion of voting rights in the insurer held by him will have reached or has fallen below 

10%, 20%, 33% or 50% as the case may be, not later than 45 days after such disposal.

Where the shares of an insurer, or the shares of its parent company, are not traded on a recognized stock exchange 

(i.e. private companies), the Insurance Act prohibits a person from becoming a shareholder controller unless he has 

first served on the BMA notice in writing stating that he intends to become such a controller and the BMA has either, 

before the end of 45 days following the date of notification, provided notice to the proposed controller that it does not 

object to his becoming such a controller or the full 45 days has elapsed without the BMA filing an objection. Where 

neither the shares of the insurer nor the shares of its parent company (if any) are traded on any stock exchange, the 

Insurance Act prohibits a person who is a shareholder controller of a Class 3B insurer from reducing or disposing of 

his holdings where the proportion of voting rights held by the shareholder controller in the insurer will reach or fall 

below 10%, 20%, 33% or 50%, as the case may be, unless that shareholder controller has served on the BMA a notice 

in writing stating that he intends to reduce or dispose of such holding.

Any person who contravenes the Insurance Act by failing to give notice or knowingly becoming a controller 

of any description before the required 45 days has elapsed is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine of $25,000 on 

summary conviction.

The BMA may file a notice of objection to any person who has become a controller of any description where 

it appears that such person is not, or is no longer, a fit and proper person to be a controller of the registered insurer. 

Before issuing a notice of objection, the BMA is required to serve upon the person concerned a preliminary written 

notice stating the BMA’s intention to issue formal notice of objection. Upon receipt of the preliminary written notice, 

the person served may, within 28 days, file written representations with the BMA which shall be taken into account 

by the BMA in making its final determination. Any person who continues to be a controller of any description after 

having received a notice of objection shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a 

fine of $25,000 (and a continuing fine of $500 per day for each day that the offence is continuing) or, if convicted on 

indictment, to a fine of $100,000 and/or two years in prison.

Notification by Registered Person of Change of Controllers and Officers.  All registered insurers are required 

to give written notice to the BMA of the fact that a person has become, or ceased to be, a controller or officer of 

the registered insurer within 45 days of becoming aware of such fact. An officer in relation to a registered insurer 

means a director, chief executive or senior executive performing duties of underwriting, actuarial, risk management, 

compliance, internal audit, finance or investment matters.

Notification of Cyber Reporting Events.  Every insurer is required to notify the BMA forthwith on it coming 

to the knowledge of the insurer, or where the insurer has reason to believe that a Cyber Reporting Event has occurred. 

Within 14 days of such notification the insurer must also furnish the BMA with a written report setting out all of the 

particulars of the Cyber Reporting Event that are available to it. A Cyber Reporting Event includes any act that results 

in the unauthorised access to, disruption, or misuse of electronic systems or information stored on such systems of 

an insurer, including breach of security leading to the loss or unlawful destruction or unauthorised disclosure of or 

access to such systems or information where there is a likelihood of an adverse impact to policyholders, clients or the 

insurer’s insurance business, or an event that has occurred for which notice is required to be provided to a regulatory 

body or government agency.

Notification  of  Other  Events.  Every  insurer  is  required  to  forthwith  notify  the  BMA  on  it  coming  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  insurer,  or  where  the  insurer  has  reason  to  believe  that  the  insurer  has  failed  to  comply  with  a 
condition  imposed  upon  it  by  the  BMA  or  that  the  insurer,  or  a  shareholder  controller  or  officer  of  the  insurer  is 
involved in any criminal proceedings whether in Bermuda or abroad.

Notification  of  Material  Changes.  All  registered  insurers  are  required  to  give  notice  to  the  BMA  of  their 
intention to effect a material change within the meaning of the Insurance Act. For the purposes of the Insurance Act, 
the following changes are material: (i) the transfer or acquisition of insurance business being part of a scheme falling 
under section 25 of the Insurance Act or section 99 of the Companies Act, (ii) the amalgamation with or acquisition 
of another firm, (iii) engaging in unrelated business that is retail business, (iv) the acquisition of a controlling interest 
in an undertaking that is engaged in non-insurance business which offers services and products to persons who are 
not  affiliates  of  the  insurer,  (v)  outsourcing  all  or  substantially  all  of  the  company’s  actuarial,  risk  management, 
compliance or internal audit functions, (vi) outsourcing all or a material part of an insurer’s underwriting activity, 
(vii) the transfer, other than by way of reinsurance, of all or substantially all of a line of business, (viii) the expansion 
into a material new line of business, (ix) the sale of an insurer, and (x) outsourcing of an officer role.

No registered insurer shall take any steps to give effect to a material change unless it has first served notice on 
the BMA that it intends to effect such material change and before the end of 30 days, either the BMA has notified such 
company in writing that it has no objection to such change or that period has lapsed without the BMA having issued 
a notice of objection.

Before issuing a notice of objection, the BMA is required to serve upon the person concerned a preliminary 
written notice stating the BMA’s intention to issue a formal notice of objection. Upon receipt of the preliminary written 
notice, the person served may, within 28 days, file written representations with the BMA which shall be taken into 
account by the BMA in making its final determination.

Group Supervision.  The BMA may, in respect of an insurance group, determine whether it is appropriate for it 
to act as its group supervisor. An insurance group is defined as a group of companies that conducts insurance business. 
The BMA may make such determination where it ascertains that (i) the group is headed by a “specified insurer” (that is 
to say, it is headed by either a Class 3A, Class 3B or Class 4 general business insurer or a Class C, Class D or Class E 
long term insurer or another class of insurer designated by order of the BMA); or (ii) where the insurance group is 
not headed by a “specified insurer”, where it is headed by a parent company which is incorporated in Bermuda; or 
(iii) where the parent company of the group is not a Bermuda company, in circumstances where the BMA is satisfied 
that the insurance group is directed and managed from Bermuda or the insurer with the largest balance sheet total is 
a specified insurer.

Where the BMA determines that it should act as the group supervisor, it shall designate a specified insurer that 
is a member of the insurance group to be the designated insurer (the “Designated Insurer”) and it shall give to the 
Designated Insurer and other applicable insurance regulatory authority written notice of its intention to act as group 
supervisor. Before the BMA makes a final determination whether or not to act as group supervisor, it shall take into 
account any written representations made by the Designated Insurer submitted within such period as is specified in 
the notice.

The BMA may exclude any company that is a member of an insurance group from group supervision on the 
application of the Designated Insurer, or on its own initiative, provided the BMA is satisfied that (i) the company is 
situated in a country or territory where there are legal impediments to cooperation and exchange of information, (ii) the 
financial operations of the company have a negligible impact on insurance group operations or (iii) the inclusion of the 
company would be inappropriate with respect to the objectives of group supervision.

The BMA may, on its own initiative or on the application of the relevant Designated Insurer, include within 
group supervision a company that is a member of the group that is not on the Register of Group Particulars (described 
below) if it is satisfied the financial operations of the company in question may have a material impact on the insurance 
group’s operations and its inclusion would be appropriate having regard to the objectives of group supervision.

Once the BMA has been designated as group supervisor, the Designated Insurer must ensure that the insurance 
group  of  which  it  is  a  member  appoints  (i)  an  individual  approved  by  the  BMA  who  is  qualified  as  a  group  actuary 
to  provide  an  opinion  on  the  insurance  group’s  insurance  technical  provisions  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of 
Schedule  XIV  “Group  Statutory  Economic  Balance  Sheet”  of  the  Insurance  (Prudential  Standards)  (Insurance  Group 
Solvency Requirement) Rules 2011 and (ii) an auditor approved by the BMA to audit the financial statements of the group.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Pursuant  to  its  powers  under  the  Insurance  Act,  the  BMA  will  maintain  a  register  of  particulars  for  every 
insurance group (the “Register of Group Particulars”) for which it acts as the group supervisor, detailing the names 
and  addresses  of  (i)  the  Designated  Insurer;  (ii)  each  member  company  of  the  insurance  group  falling  within  the 
scope of group supervision; (iii) the principal representative of the insurance group in Bermuda; (iv) other competent 
authorities supervising other member companies of the insurance group; and (v) the insurance group auditors. The 
Designated Insurer must immediately notify the BMA of any changes to the above details entered on the Register of 
Group Particulars.

As  group  supervisor,  the  BMA  will  perform  a  number  of  supervisory  functions  including  (i)  coordinating 
the gathering and dissemination of relevant or essential information for going concerns and emergency situations, 
including  the  dissemination  of  information  which  is  of  importance  for  the  supervisory  task  of  other  competent 
authorities; (ii) carrying out supervisory reviews and assessments of the insurance group; (iii) carrying out assessments 
of the insurance group’s compliance with the rules on solvency, risk concentration, intra-group transactions and good 
governance procedures; (iv) planning and coordinating through regular meetings held at least annually (or by other 
appropriate means) with other competent authorities, supervisory activities in respect of the insurance group, both as 
a going concern and in emergency situations; (v) coordinating enforcement actions that may need to be taken against 
the insurance group or any of its members; and (vi) planning and coordinating meetings of colleges of supervisors in 
order to facilitate the carrying out of the functions described above.

The BMA may, for the purposes of group supervision, make rules applying to Designated Insurers which take 
into account any activities of the insurance group of which they are members or of other members of the insurance 
group. Such rules may make provision for: the assessment of the financial situation of the insurance group; the solvency 
position  of  the  insurance  group  (including  the  imposition  of  prudential  standards  in  relation  to  ECR,  capital  and 
solvency returns, insurance reserves and eligible capital that must be complied with by the Designated Insurers); the 
system of governance and risk management of the insurance group; intra-group transactions and risk concentrations; 
and supervisory reporting and disclosure in respect of the insurance group.

In addition, the BMA may, after consultation with other competent authorities, determine whether an insurance 
group, for which the BMA is the group supervisor, is an internationally active insurance group under the Insurance 
Act. The Insurance Act also provides for a framework pursuant to which the BMA may designate a member of an 
Internationally Active  Insurance  Group  (IAIG)  as  its  ‘head  of  the  IAIG’  for  the  purposes  of  IAIG  supervision.  In 
determining the member of an IAIG to be designated as the Head of the IAIG, the BMA shall have regard to the 
member that exercises control over all insurers in the group and other members of the group which may pose a risk to 
the insurance business of the group.

We are not currently subject to group supervision, but are currently in discussions with the BMA regarding its 

proposed institution of group-wide supervision by the BMA on the group.

Supervision,  Investigation,  Intervention  and  Disclosure.  The  BMA  may,  by  notice  in  writing  served  on  a 
registered person or a designated insurer, require the registered person or designated insurer to provide such information 
and/or documentation as the BMA may reasonably require with respect to matters that are likely to be material to the 
performance of its supervisory functions under the Insurance Act. In addition, it may require such person’s auditor, 
underwriter, accountant or any other person with relevant professional skill of such registered person or designated 
insurer  to  prepare  a  report  on  any  aspect  pertaining  thereto.  In  the  case  of  a  report,  the  person  so  appointed  shall 
immediately give the BMA written notice of any fact or matter of which he becomes aware or which indicates to him 
that any condition attaching to his registration under the Insurance Act is not or has not or may not be or may not have 
been fulfilled and that such matters are likely to be material to the performance of its functions under the Insurance 
Act. If it appears to the BMA to be desirable in the interests of the clients of a registered person or relevant insurance 
group, the BMA may also exercise these powers in relation to subsidiaries, parent companies and other affiliates of the 
registered person or designated insurer.

If  the  BMA  deems  it  necessary  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  policyholders  or  potential  policyholders  of  an 
insurer or insurance group, it may appoint one or more competent persons to investigate and report on the nature, 
conduct or state of the insurer’s or the insurance group’s business, or any aspect thereof, or the ownership or control 
of the insurer or insurance group. If the person so appointed thinks it necessary for the purposes of the investigation, 
such person may also investigate the business of any person who is or has been at any relevant time, a member of the 
insurance group or of a partnership of which the person being investigated is a member. In this regard, it shall be the 
duty of every person who is or was a controller, officer, employee, agent, banker, auditor, accountant, barrister and 

attorney or insurance manager to produce to the person appointed such documentation as the appointed person may 

reasonably require for purposes of the investigation, and to attend and answer questions relevant to the investigation 

and to otherwise provide such assistance as may be necessary in connection therewith.

Where the BMA suspects that a person has failed to properly register under the Insurance Act or that a registered 

person or designated insurer has failed to comply with a requirement of the Insurance Act or that a person is not, or is 

no longer, a fit and proper person to perform functions in relation to a regulated activity, it may, by notice in writing, 

carry out an investigation into such person (or any other person connected thereto). In connection therewith, the BMA 

may require every person who is or was a controller, officer, employee, agent, banker, auditor, accountant, barrister 

and attorney or insurance manager to make a report and produce such documents in his care, custody and control and 

to attend before the BMA to answer questions relevant to the BMA’s investigation and to take such actions as the BMA 

may direct. The BMA may also enter any premises for the purposes of carrying out its investigation and may petition 

the court for a warrant if it believes a person has failed to comply with a notice served on him or there are reasonable 

grounds for suspecting the completeness of any information or documentation produced in response to such notice 

or that its directions will not be complied with or that any relevant documents would be removed, tampered with or 

destroyed.

If it appears to the BMA that the business of the registered insurer is being conducted in a way that there is 

a significant risk of the insurer becoming insolvent or being unable to meet its obligations to policyholders, or that 

the insurer is in breach of the Insurance Act or any conditions imposed upon its registration, or the minimum criteria 

stipulated  in  the  Insurance Act  is  not  or  has  not  been  fulfilled  in  respect  of  a  registered  insurer,  or  that  a  person 

has become a controller without providing the BMA with the appropriate notice or in contravention of a notice of 

objection, or the registered insurer is in breach of its ECR, or that a designated insurer is in breach of any provision of 

the Insurance Act or the regulations or rules applicable to it, the BMA may issue such directions as it deems desirable 

for safeguarding the interests of policyholders or potential policyholders of the insurer or the insurance group. The 

BMA may, among other things, direct an insurer, for itself and in its capacity as designated insurer of the insurance 

group of which it is a member, (a) not to take on any new insurance business, (b) not to vary any insurance contract 

if the effect would be to increase the insurer’s liabilities, (c) not to make certain investments, (d) to realize certain 

investments, (e) to maintain in, or transfer to the custody of, a specified bank, certain assets, (f) not to declare or pay 

any dividends or other distributions or to restrict the making of such payments, (g) to limit its premium income, (h) not 

to enter into specified transactions with any specified person or persons of a specified class, (i) to provide such written 

particulars relating to the financial circumstances of the insurer as the BMA thinks fit, (j) (as an individual insurer 

only and not in its capacity as designated insurer) to obtain the opinion of a loss reserve specialist and submit it to the 

BMA and/or (k) to remove a controller or officer.

The BMA has the power to assist other regulatory authorities, including foreign insurance regulatory authorities, 

with their investigations involving insurance and reinsurance companies in Bermuda if it is satisfied that the assistance 

being requested is in connection with the discharge of regulatory responsibilities and that such cooperation is in the 

public interest. The grounds for disclosure by the BMA to a foreign regulatory authority without consent of the insurer 

are limited and the Insurance Act provides for sanctions for breach of the statutory duty of confidentiality.

Cancellation of Insurer’s Registration.  An insurer’s registration may be cancelled by the BMA at the request of 

the insurer or on certain grounds specified in the Insurance Act. Failure by the insurer to comply with its obligations 

under the Insurance Act or if, the BMA believes that the insurer has not been carrying on business in accordance with 

sound insurance principles, would be examples of such grounds.

Certain Other Bermuda Law Considerations.  All Bermuda “exempted companies” are exempt from certain 

Bermuda laws restricting the percentage of share capital that may be held by non-Bermudians. However, exempted 

companies may not participate in certain business transactions, including (1) the acquisition or  holding of land in 

Bermuda except that required for their business and held by way of lease or tenancy for a term not exceeding more 

than 50 years or, with the consent of the Minister of Economic Development (the “Minister”) granted in his discretion, 

land which is used to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for officers and employees of the company for a 

term not exceeding 21 years, (2) the taking of mortgages on land in Bermuda to secure an amount in excess of $50,000 

without the consent of the Minister, (3) the acquisition of any bonds or debentures secured by any land in Bermuda, 

other  than  certain  types  of  Bermuda  government  securities  or  securities  issued  by  Bermuda  public  authorities,  or 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Pursuant  to  its  powers  under  the  Insurance  Act,  the  BMA  will  maintain  a  register  of  particulars  for  every 

insurance group (the “Register of Group Particulars”) for which it acts as the group supervisor, detailing the names 

and  addresses  of  (i)  the  Designated  Insurer;  (ii)  each  member  company  of  the  insurance  group  falling  within  the 

scope of group supervision; (iii) the principal representative of the insurance group in Bermuda; (iv) other competent 

authorities supervising other member companies of the insurance group; and (v) the insurance group auditors. The 

Designated Insurer must immediately notify the BMA of any changes to the above details entered on the Register of 

Group Particulars.

As  group  supervisor,  the  BMA  will  perform  a  number  of  supervisory  functions  including  (i)  coordinating 

the gathering and dissemination of relevant or essential information for going concerns and emergency situations, 

including  the  dissemination  of  information  which  is  of  importance  for  the  supervisory  task  of  other  competent 

authorities; (ii) carrying out supervisory reviews and assessments of the insurance group; (iii) carrying out assessments 

of the insurance group’s compliance with the rules on solvency, risk concentration, intra-group transactions and good 

governance procedures; (iv) planning and coordinating through regular meetings held at least annually (or by other 

appropriate means) with other competent authorities, supervisory activities in respect of the insurance group, both as 

a going concern and in emergency situations; (v) coordinating enforcement actions that may need to be taken against 

the insurance group or any of its members; and (vi) planning and coordinating meetings of colleges of supervisors in 

order to facilitate the carrying out of the functions described above.

The BMA may, for the purposes of group supervision, make rules applying to Designated Insurers which take 

into account any activities of the insurance group of which they are members or of other members of the insurance 

group. Such rules may make provision for: the assessment of the financial situation of the insurance group; the solvency 

position  of  the  insurance  group  (including  the  imposition  of  prudential  standards  in  relation  to  ECR,  capital  and 

solvency returns, insurance reserves and eligible capital that must be complied with by the Designated Insurers); the 

system of governance and risk management of the insurance group; intra-group transactions and risk concentrations; 

and supervisory reporting and disclosure in respect of the insurance group.

In addition, the BMA may, after consultation with other competent authorities, determine whether an insurance 

group, for which the BMA is the group supervisor, is an internationally active insurance group under the Insurance 

Act. The Insurance Act also provides for a framework pursuant to which the BMA may designate a member of an 

Internationally Active  Insurance  Group  (IAIG)  as  its  ‘head  of  the  IAIG’  for  the  purposes  of  IAIG  supervision.  In 

determining the member of an IAIG to be designated as the Head of the IAIG, the BMA shall have regard to the 

member that exercises control over all insurers in the group and other members of the group which may pose a risk to 

the insurance business of the group.

We are not currently subject to group supervision, but are currently in discussions with the BMA regarding its 

proposed institution of group-wide supervision by the BMA on the group.

Supervision,  Investigation,  Intervention  and  Disclosure.  The  BMA  may,  by  notice  in  writing  served  on  a 

registered person or a designated insurer, require the registered person or designated insurer to provide such information 

and/or documentation as the BMA may reasonably require with respect to matters that are likely to be material to the 

performance of its supervisory functions under the Insurance Act. In addition, it may require such person’s auditor, 

underwriter, accountant or any other person with relevant professional skill of such registered person or designated 

insurer  to  prepare  a  report  on  any  aspect  pertaining  thereto.  In  the  case  of  a  report,  the  person  so  appointed  shall 

immediately give the BMA written notice of any fact or matter of which he becomes aware or which indicates to him 

that any condition attaching to his registration under the Insurance Act is not or has not or may not be or may not have 

been fulfilled and that such matters are likely to be material to the performance of its functions under the Insurance 

Act. If it appears to the BMA to be desirable in the interests of the clients of a registered person or relevant insurance 

group, the BMA may also exercise these powers in relation to subsidiaries, parent companies and other affiliates of the 

registered person or designated insurer.

If  the  BMA  deems  it  necessary  to  protect  the  interests  of  the  policyholders  or  potential  policyholders  of  an 

insurer or insurance group, it may appoint one or more competent persons to investigate and report on the nature, 

conduct or state of the insurer’s or the insurance group’s business, or any aspect thereof, or the ownership or control 

of the insurer or insurance group. If the person so appointed thinks it necessary for the purposes of the investigation, 

such person may also investigate the business of any person who is or has been at any relevant time, a member of the 

insurance group or of a partnership of which the person being investigated is a member. In this regard, it shall be the 

duty of every person who is or was a controller, officer, employee, agent, banker, auditor, accountant, barrister and 

attorney or insurance manager to produce to the person appointed such documentation as the appointed person may 
reasonably require for purposes of the investigation, and to attend and answer questions relevant to the investigation 
and to otherwise provide such assistance as may be necessary in connection therewith.

Where the BMA suspects that a person has failed to properly register under the Insurance Act or that a registered 
person or designated insurer has failed to comply with a requirement of the Insurance Act or that a person is not, or is 
no longer, a fit and proper person to perform functions in relation to a regulated activity, it may, by notice in writing, 
carry out an investigation into such person (or any other person connected thereto). In connection therewith, the BMA 
may require every person who is or was a controller, officer, employee, agent, banker, auditor, accountant, barrister 
and attorney or insurance manager to make a report and produce such documents in his care, custody and control and 
to attend before the BMA to answer questions relevant to the BMA’s investigation and to take such actions as the BMA 
may direct. The BMA may also enter any premises for the purposes of carrying out its investigation and may petition 
the court for a warrant if it believes a person has failed to comply with a notice served on him or there are reasonable 
grounds for suspecting the completeness of any information or documentation produced in response to such notice 
or that its directions will not be complied with or that any relevant documents would be removed, tampered with or 
destroyed.

If it appears to the BMA that the business of the registered insurer is being conducted in a way that there is 
a significant risk of the insurer becoming insolvent or being unable to meet its obligations to policyholders, or that 
the insurer is in breach of the Insurance Act or any conditions imposed upon its registration, or the minimum criteria 
stipulated  in  the  Insurance Act  is  not  or  has  not  been  fulfilled  in  respect  of  a  registered  insurer,  or  that  a  person 
has become a controller without providing the BMA with the appropriate notice or in contravention of a notice of 
objection, or the registered insurer is in breach of its ECR, or that a designated insurer is in breach of any provision of 
the Insurance Act or the regulations or rules applicable to it, the BMA may issue such directions as it deems desirable 
for safeguarding the interests of policyholders or potential policyholders of the insurer or the insurance group. The 
BMA may, among other things, direct an insurer, for itself and in its capacity as designated insurer of the insurance 
group of which it is a member, (a) not to take on any new insurance business, (b) not to vary any insurance contract 
if the effect would be to increase the insurer’s liabilities, (c) not to make certain investments, (d) to realize certain 
investments, (e) to maintain in, or transfer to the custody of, a specified bank, certain assets, (f) not to declare or pay 
any dividends or other distributions or to restrict the making of such payments, (g) to limit its premium income, (h) not 
to enter into specified transactions with any specified person or persons of a specified class, (i) to provide such written 
particulars relating to the financial circumstances of the insurer as the BMA thinks fit, (j) (as an individual insurer 
only and not in its capacity as designated insurer) to obtain the opinion of a loss reserve specialist and submit it to the 
BMA and/or (k) to remove a controller or officer.

The BMA has the power to assist other regulatory authorities, including foreign insurance regulatory authorities, 
with their investigations involving insurance and reinsurance companies in Bermuda if it is satisfied that the assistance 
being requested is in connection with the discharge of regulatory responsibilities and that such cooperation is in the 
public interest. The grounds for disclosure by the BMA to a foreign regulatory authority without consent of the insurer 
are limited and the Insurance Act provides for sanctions for breach of the statutory duty of confidentiality.

Cancellation of Insurer’s Registration.  An insurer’s registration may be cancelled by the BMA at the request of 
the insurer or on certain grounds specified in the Insurance Act. Failure by the insurer to comply with its obligations 
under the Insurance Act or if, the BMA believes that the insurer has not been carrying on business in accordance with 
sound insurance principles, would be examples of such grounds.

Certain Other Bermuda Law Considerations.  All Bermuda “exempted companies” are exempt from certain 
Bermuda laws restricting the percentage of share capital that may be held by non-Bermudians. However, exempted 
companies may not participate  in certain business transactions, including (1) the acquisition or  holding of  land  in 
Bermuda except that required for their business and held by way of lease or tenancy for a term not exceeding more 
than 50 years or, with the consent of the Minister of Economic Development (the “Minister”) granted in his discretion, 
land which is used to provide accommodation or recreational facilities for officers and employees of the company for a 
term not exceeding 21 years, (2) the taking of mortgages on land in Bermuda to secure an amount in excess of $50,000 
without the consent of the Minister, (3) the acquisition of any bonds or debentures secured by any land in Bermuda, 
other  than  certain  types  of  Bermuda  government  securities  or  securities  issued  by  Bermuda  public  authorities,  or 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          (4) the carrying on of business of any kind in Bermuda, except in furtherance of business carried on outside Bermuda 
or under license granted by the Minister. Generally it is not permitted without a special license granted by the Minister 
to insure Bermuda domestic risks or risks of persons of, in or based in Bermuda.

All  Bermuda  companies  must  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies Act  regulating  the  payment  of 
dividends and the making of distributions from contributed surplus. A company may not declare or pay a dividend, or 
make a distribution out of contributed surplus, if there are reasonable grounds for believing that: (a) the company is, or 
would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b) the realizable value of the company’s 
assets would thereby be less than its liabilities.

Under  the  Economic  Substance Act  2018  and  related  regulations  thereunder  (collectively,  the  “ESA”),  each 
entity resident in Bermuda that carries on a “relevant activity” is required to comply with the economic substance 
requirements under the ESA, unless resident for tax purposes in a jurisdiction outside Bermuda that is not on the EU 
list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. Engaging in insurance business in accordance with the Insurance 
Act constitutes a “relevant activity”.

In relation to carrying on the relevant activity of insurance, compliance with the ESA also requires compliance 
with requirements in the Companies Act relating to corporate governance and requirements of the Insurance Act and 
other instruments (including the Insurance Code of Conduct) made thereunder. The Registrar of Companies will have 
regard to an insurer’s compliance with the Insurance Act and the Companies Act in his assessment of compliance 
with economic substance requirements and on the basis that an insurer complies with such requirements, the insurer 
will generally be considered to operate in Bermuda with adequate substance. An insurer will be required to complete 
and file a declaration form, and the Registrar of Companies will also have regard to the information provided in the 
declaration form in making his assessment of compliance with economic substance requirements.

Bermuda  Exchange  Control  Regulation.  The  permission  of  the  BMA  is  required,  under  the  provisions  of 
the Exchange Control Act 1972 of Bermuda and related regulations, for all issuances and transfers of shares (which 
includes  our  common  shares)  of  Bermuda  companies  to  or  from  a  non-resident  of  Bermuda  for  exchange  control 
purposes, other than in cases where the BMA has granted a general permission. The BMA, in its notice to the public 
dated  June  1,  2005,  has  granted  a  general  permission  for  the  issue  and  subsequent  transfer  of  any  securities  of  a 
Bermuda company from and/or to a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes for so long as any “Equity 
Securities” of the company (which include our common shares) are listed on an “Appointed Stock Exchange” (which 
include Nasdaq). In granting the general permission the BMA accepts no responsibility for our financial soundness or 
the correctness of any of the statements made or opinions expressed in this annual report.

Although IGI Bermuda is incorporated in Bermuda, IGI Bermuda is classified as a non-resident of Bermuda 
for exchange control purposes by the BMA. Other than transferring Bermuda Dollars out of Bermuda, there are no 
restrictions on IGI Bermuda’s ability to transfer funds into and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends in currency other 
than Bermuda Dollars to nonresidents of Bermuda who are holders of our common shares.

Personal Information Protection Act 2016.  Bermuda’s principal data protection and privacy legislation is the 
Personal  Information  Protection Act  2016  (“PIPA”). At  present,  the  majority  of  the  operative  provisions  of  PIPA 
(which include: conditions for use and consent to use of personal information, specific obligations on organizations 
that  use  personal  information,  overseas  data  transfer  assessment  obligations  and  access,  rectification  and  erasure 
rights for individuals) are not yet in force in Bermuda. In June 2023, the Bermuda Government and the Office of the 
Privacy Commissioner for Bermuda announced that the remaining operative provisions of PIPA will become fully 
implemented on 1 January 2025.

PIPA (once in force) applies to every organization (which includes any individual, entity or public authority) that 
uses personal information in Bermuda where that personal information is used by automated or other means which 
form, or are intended to form, part of a structured filing system. For the purposes of PIPA, “personal information” 
means any information about an identified or identifiable individual (meaning a natural person), and “use” or “using” 
are very broadly defined and effectively include possessing or carrying out any operation on personal information. To 
the extent that IGI Holdings and IGI Bermuda use or holds individuals’ personal information in Bermuda, it will be in 
scope and must comply with the provisions of PIPA.

UK Regulatory Framework

General.  UK insurance companies are regulated by the PRA and the FCA. The PRA is responsible for the 

prudential regulation of banks, building societies, credit unions, insurers and major investment firms and the FCA 

is responsible for the prudential regulation of all other firms and the conduct of business regulation of all authorised 

financial services firms. A subsidiary of IGI, IGI UK, is authorized by the PRA to effect and carry out (re)insurance 

contracts in the UK in all classes of general (non-life) business and is regulated by both the PRA and the FCA.

Following Brexit, the UK began a process of “onshoring” EU legislation whereby the UK replicated EU law 

in UK legislation and regulation and then amended it so that it would be operationally effective following the end 

of the Brexit transition period on December 31, 2020. As an automatic consequence of the UK’s departure from the 

EU’s single market, passporting rights to and from the UK ended at the end of the transition period. Passporting is the 

exercise of the right available to a firm authorised in one EEA member state to carry on certain activities covered by 

an EU single market directive in another EEA member state, on the basis of its home state authorisation. For firms 

based in the UK, this meant the loss of access to EU markets. As of the end of the transition period, IGI UK has lost its 

passporting rights in the EU, such that it can no longer write insurance business in European Economic Area (“EEA”) 

countries under the “freedom of services” regime or write insurance business through a place of business in an EEA 

member  state  under  the  “freedom  of  establishment”  regime  using  the  rights  contained  in  the  European  Council’s 

Solvency II Directive. IGI is currently engaging with relevant EU member states to ensure adherence to individual 

run-off regimes that have been established. In addition, in June 2021 IGI acquired an EU insurance operation in Malta, 

which enables IGI to pursue business in the EU.

Restrictions on Dividend Payments.  The company law of England and Wales prohibits English companies, 

including IGI UK, from declaring dividends to their shareholders unless they have profits available for distribution. 

The determination of whether a company has profits available for distribution is based on its accumulated realized 

profits and other distributable reserves less its accumulated realized losses. While the UK insurance regulatory rules 

impose  no  statutory  restrictions  on  a  general  insurer’s  ability  to  declare  a  dividend,  the  PRA’s  rules  require  each 

authorized insurance company within its jurisdiction to maintain its solvency margin at all times. For ordinary share 

capital to count as tier 1 capital for solvency purposes, dividends must be capable of being cancelled at any time prior 

to payment, and the PRA can prohibit a UK insurance company from paying a dividend.

Solvency Requirements.  Under the EU directive covering capital adequacy, risk management and regulatory 

reporting for insurers (the “Solvency II Directive”), an insurer has the option of seeking the approval of a full or partial 

internal model from its regulator or to use a standard formula to calculate its capital requirements. The provisions 

of the Solvency II Directive were implemented in the UK by the Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/575) and 

through the PRA Rulebook and supervisory statements published by the PRA. In light of Brexit, the UK has onshored 

the Solvency II regime and amended the rules so that firms can continue to operate effectively after the end of the 

transitional period. The UK is currently consulting on making certain amendments to Solvency II as implemented in 

the UK.

Onshored  Solvency  II  Regime  Reports  and  Returns.  Under  the  onshored  Solvency  II  regime,  IGI  UK  is 

required to disclose to the PRA quarterly and annually Quantitative Reporting Templates (“QRTs”). The QRTs report 

quantitative  information  on  a  Solvency  II  and  local  GAAP  basis  including,  among  other  things,  the  balance  sheet 

and own funds, Solvency II capital position, invested assets, premiums, claims and technical provisions, reinsurance 

and group specific information. IGI UK must also complete a set of annual National Specific Templates (“NSTs”) 

which are only applicable to solo firms (i.e., specific companies as against groups). An annual Solvency and Financial 

Condition Report (“SFCR”), which must include a mixture of narrative information and a sub-set of the QRTs, must 

also be submitted and posted on IGI’s website. Similarly, IGI UK must submit an annual Own Risk and Solvency 

Assessment  (“ORSA”)  to  the  PRA. The  ORSA  report  is  produced  annually  and  provides  a  summary  of  all  of  the 

activity and processes during the preceding year to assess and report on risks and ensure that our overall solvency 

needs  are  met  at  all  times  including  a  forward-looking  assessment.  It  also  explains  the  linkages  between  business 

strategy, business planning and capital and risk management processes.

Change  of  Control  Prior  Notifications.  The  PRA  (in  consultation  with  the  FCA)  regulates  the  acquisition 

of “control” of any UK insurance company which is authorized under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 

(“FSMA”). The FCA regulates the acquisition of “control” of authorized firms that are only authorized and regulated by 

the FCA. Any legal entity or individual that (together with any person with whom they are “acting in concert”) directly 

or indirectly acquires 10% or more of the shares in a UK authorized insurance company, or their parent company, or is 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023(4) the carrying on of business of any kind in Bermuda, except in furtherance of business carried on outside Bermuda 

or under license granted by the Minister. Generally it is not permitted without a special license granted by the Minister 

to insure Bermuda domestic risks or risks of persons of, in or based in Bermuda.

All  Bermuda  companies  must  comply  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies Act  regulating  the  payment  of 

dividends and the making of distributions from contributed surplus. A company may not declare or pay a dividend, or 

make a distribution out of contributed surplus, if there are reasonable grounds for believing that: (a) the company is, or 

would after the payment be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or (b) the realizable value of the company’s 

assets would thereby be less than its liabilities.

Under  the  Economic  Substance Act  2018  and  related  regulations  thereunder  (collectively,  the  “ESA”),  each 

entity resident in Bermuda that carries on a “relevant activity” is required to comply with the economic substance 

requirements under the ESA, unless resident for tax purposes in a jurisdiction outside Bermuda that is not on the EU 

list of non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. Engaging in insurance business in accordance with the Insurance 

Act constitutes a “relevant activity”.

In relation to carrying on the relevant activity of insurance, compliance with the ESA also requires compliance 

with requirements in the Companies Act relating to corporate governance and requirements of the Insurance Act and 

other instruments (including the Insurance Code of Conduct) made thereunder. The Registrar of Companies will have 

regard to an insurer’s compliance with the Insurance Act and the Companies Act in his assessment of compliance 

with economic substance requirements and on the basis that an insurer complies with such requirements, the insurer 

will generally be considered to operate in Bermuda with adequate substance. An insurer will be required to complete 

and file a declaration form, and the Registrar of Companies will also have regard to the information provided in the 

declaration form in making his assessment of compliance with economic substance requirements.

Bermuda  Exchange  Control  Regulation.  The  permission  of  the  BMA  is  required,  under  the  provisions  of 

the Exchange Control Act 1972 of Bermuda and related regulations, for all issuances and transfers of shares (which 

includes  our  common  shares)  of  Bermuda  companies  to  or  from  a  non-resident  of  Bermuda  for  exchange  control 

purposes, other than in cases where the BMA has granted a general permission. The BMA, in its notice to the public 

dated  June  1,  2005,  has  granted  a  general  permission  for  the  issue  and  subsequent  transfer  of  any  securities  of  a 

Bermuda company from and/or to a non-resident of Bermuda for exchange control purposes for so long as any “Equity 

Securities” of the company (which include our common shares) are listed on an “Appointed Stock Exchange” (which 

include Nasdaq). In granting the general permission the BMA accepts no responsibility for our financial soundness or 

the correctness of any of the statements made or opinions expressed in this annual report.

Although IGI Bermuda is incorporated in Bermuda, IGI Bermuda is classified as a non-resident of Bermuda 

for exchange control purposes by the BMA. Other than transferring Bermuda Dollars out of Bermuda, there are no 

restrictions on IGI Bermuda’s ability to transfer funds into and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends in currency other 

than Bermuda Dollars to nonresidents of Bermuda who are holders of our common shares.

Personal Information Protection Act 2016.  Bermuda’s principal data protection and privacy legislation is the 

Personal  Information  Protection Act  2016  (“PIPA”). At  present,  the  majority  of  the  operative  provisions  of  PIPA 

(which include: conditions for use and consent to use of personal information, specific obligations on organizations 

that  use  personal  information,  overseas  data  transfer  assessment  obligations  and  access,  rectification  and  erasure 

rights for individuals) are not yet in force in Bermuda. In June 2023, the Bermuda Government and the Office of the 

Privacy Commissioner for Bermuda announced that the remaining operative provisions of PIPA will become fully 

implemented on 1 January 2025.

PIPA (once in force) applies to every organization (which includes any individual, entity or public authority) that 

uses personal information in Bermuda where that personal information is used by automated or other means which 

form, or are intended to form, part of a structured filing system. For the purposes of PIPA, “personal information” 

means any information about an identified or identifiable individual (meaning a natural person), and “use” or “using” 

are very broadly defined and effectively include possessing or carrying out any operation on personal information. To 

the extent that IGI Holdings and IGI Bermuda use or holds individuals’ personal information in Bermuda, it will be in 

scope and must comply with the provisions of PIPA.

UK Regulatory Framework

General.  UK insurance companies are regulated by the PRA and the FCA. The PRA is responsible for the 
prudential regulation of banks, building societies, credit unions, insurers and major investment firms and the FCA 
is responsible for the prudential regulation of all other firms and the conduct of business regulation of all authorised 
financial services firms. A subsidiary of IGI, IGI UK, is authorized by the PRA to effect and carry out (re)insurance 
contracts in the UK in all classes of general (non-life) business and is regulated by both the PRA and the FCA.

Following Brexit, the UK began a process of “onshoring” EU legislation whereby the UK replicated EU law 
in UK legislation and regulation and then amended it so that it would be operationally effective following the end 
of the Brexit transition period on December 31, 2020. As an automatic consequence of the UK’s departure from the 
EU’s single market, passporting rights to and from the UK ended at the end of the transition period. Passporting is the 
exercise of the right available to a firm authorised in one EEA member state to carry on certain activities covered by 
an EU single market directive in another EEA member state, on the basis of its home state authorisation. For firms 
based in the UK, this meant the loss of access to EU markets. As of the end of the transition period, IGI UK has lost its 
passporting rights in the EU, such that it can no longer write insurance business in European Economic Area (“EEA”) 
countries under the “freedom of services” regime or write insurance business through a place of business in an EEA 
member  state  under  the  “freedom  of  establishment”  regime  using  the  rights  contained  in  the  European  Council’s 
Solvency II Directive. IGI is currently engaging with relevant EU member states to ensure adherence to individual 
run-off regimes that have been established. In addition, in June 2021 IGI acquired an EU insurance operation in Malta, 
which enables IGI to pursue business in the EU.

Restrictions on Dividend Payments.  The company law of England and Wales prohibits English companies, 
including IGI UK, from declaring dividends to their shareholders unless they have profits available for distribution. 
The determination of whether a company has profits available for distribution is based on its accumulated realized 
profits and other distributable reserves less its accumulated realized losses. While the UK insurance regulatory rules 
impose  no  statutory  restrictions  on  a  general  insurer’s  ability  to  declare  a  dividend,  the  PRA’s  rules  require  each 
authorized insurance company within its jurisdiction to maintain its solvency margin at all times. For ordinary share 
capital to count as tier 1 capital for solvency purposes, dividends must be capable of being cancelled at any time prior 
to payment, and the PRA can prohibit a UK insurance company from paying a dividend.

Solvency Requirements.  Under the EU directive covering capital adequacy, risk management and regulatory 
reporting for insurers (the “Solvency II Directive”), an insurer has the option of seeking the approval of a full or partial 
internal model from its regulator or to use a standard formula to calculate its capital requirements. The provisions 
of the Solvency II Directive were implemented in the UK by the Solvency 2 Regulations 2015 (SI 2015/575) and 
through the PRA Rulebook and supervisory statements published by the PRA. In light of Brexit, the UK has onshored 
the Solvency II regime and amended the rules so that firms can continue to operate effectively after the end of the 
transitional period. The UK is currently consulting on making certain amendments to Solvency II as implemented in 
the UK.

Onshored  Solvency  II  Regime  Reports  and  Returns.  Under  the  onshored  Solvency  II  regime,  IGI  UK  is 
required to disclose to the PRA quarterly and annually Quantitative Reporting Templates (“QRTs”). The QRTs report 
quantitative  information  on  a  Solvency  II  and  local  GAAP  basis  including,  among  other  things,  the  balance  sheet 
and own funds, Solvency II capital position, invested assets, premiums, claims and technical provisions, reinsurance 
and group specific information. IGI UK must also complete a set of annual National Specific Templates (“NSTs”) 
which are only applicable to solo firms (i.e., specific companies as against groups). An annual Solvency and Financial 
Condition Report (“SFCR”), which must include a mixture of narrative information and a sub-set of the QRTs, must 
also be submitted and posted on IGI’s website. Similarly, IGI UK must submit an annual Own Risk and Solvency 
Assessment  (“ORSA”)  to  the  PRA. The  ORSA  report  is  produced  annually  and  provides  a  summary  of  all  of  the 
activity and processes during the preceding year to assess and report on risks and ensure that our overall solvency 
needs  are  met  at  all  times  including  a  forward-looking  assessment.  It  also  explains  the  linkages  between  business 
strategy, business planning and capital and risk management processes.

Change  of  Control  Prior  Notifications.  The  PRA  (in  consultation  with  the  FCA)  regulates  the  acquisition 
of “control” of any UK insurance company which is authorized under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 
(“FSMA”). The FCA regulates the acquisition of “control” of authorized firms that are only authorized and regulated by 
the FCA. Any legal entity or individual that (together with any person with whom they are “acting in concert”) directly 
or indirectly acquires 10% or more of the shares in a UK authorized insurance company, or their parent company, or is 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          entitled to exercise or control the exercise of 10% or more of the voting power in such authorized insurance company 
or their parent company, would be considered to have acquired “control” for the purposes of the relevant legislation, as 
would a person who had significant influence over the management of such authorized insurance company by virtue of 
their shareholding or voting power in the authorized insurance company or parent. A purchaser of 10% or more of the 
common shares of the Company would therefore be considered to have acquired “control” of IGI UK. Under FSMA, 
any person proposing to acquire “control” over a UK authorized insurance company must give prior notification to the 
PRA of their intention to do so. The PRA would then have up to 60 working days (which may be extended by up to a 
further 30 working days) to consider that person’s application to acquire “control.” Acquiring control without having 
made the relevant prior application and having received the PRA’s approval (following consultation with the FCA) 
would constitute a criminal offense by the controller. In addition, if IGI UK fails to notify the PRA of the proposed 
change of control this could also result in action being taken against IGI UK. A person who is already deemed to 
have “control” will require prior approval of the PRA and the FCA if such person increases their level of “control” 
beyond  certain  percentages. These  percentages  are  20%,  30%  and  50%.  Similar  requirements  apply  in  relation  to 
the  acquisition  and  increase  of  control  of  a  UK  authorized  person  which  is  an  insurance  intermediary  except  that 
application for approval is made to, and decided by, the FCA and the threshold triggering the requirement for prior 
approval is 20% of the shares or voting power in the insurance intermediary or its parent company.

Senior Managers and Certification Regime. 

In December 2019, the FCA and PRA extended the application 
of  the  Senior  Managers  &  Certification  Regime  (“SM&CR”),  which  previously  applied  to  UK-regulated  entities 
in the banking sector, to insurers, reinsurers, insurance intermediaries and other UK-regulated entities. The Senior 
Managers & Certification Regime is an enhanced individual accountability framework which built upon and replaced 
the previous regulatory framework of the Senior Insurance Managers Regime and the Approved Persons regime. The 
SM&CR seeks to ensure that senior persons who are effectively running insurance firms, or who have responsibility 
for other key functions at those firms, meet standards of fitness and propriety for acting with integrity, honesty and 
skill and that there is a clear allocation of responsibilities between senior managers.

Insurance  Distribution  Directive.  On  October  1,  2018,  the  Insurance  Distribution  Directive  (“IDD”)  came 
into force. IDD applies to all those who conduct insurance distribution to clients, such as insurers (i.e., IGI UK) and 
insurance intermediaries (including firms such as banks or retailers who provide insurance alongside their primary 
business), and whose clients range from individual consumers to large multinational organizations. The main provisions 
of IDD include conduct of business obligations, remuneration disclosure, cross-selling limitations and professional 
training requirements. As a result of Brexit and following the end of the transitional period on December 31, 2020, 
the Insurance Distribution (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 came into effect to address the deficiencies in 
retained EU law relating to the IDD arising from Brexit. Under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, directly 
applicable EU legislation made under the IDD was onshored and became part of the UK law at the end of the Brexit 
transitional period.

PRA requirements

IGI UK is subject to regulation by the UK FCA and the UK PRA. The onshored Solvency Capital Requirement 
(“SCR”) for IGI UK is governed by the onshored Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and quality 
of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The  onshored  Solvency  II  measure  of  available  capital  (“Own  Funds”)  uses  UK  GAAP  shareholders’  funds 
as  a  starting  point  and  applies  a  number  of  specific  adjustments  prescribed  under  onshored  Solvency  II.  The 
primary  adjustments  reflect  the  fact  that  onshored  Solvency  II  is  based  on  the  principle  of  an  economic  balance 
sheet — outstanding reserves and associated reinsurance recoverables being considered on a discounted best-estimate 
basis. A full reconciliation between the onshored Solvency II and UK GAAP bases is provided in the annual Solvency & 
Financial Condition Report published on IGI’s website (www.iginsure.com).

The onshored Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of 
the basic own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year 
year period, with a minimum of €4.0 million. IGI UK has chosen the onshored Solvency II Standard Formula (the 
“Standard Formula”) method to calculate its SCR.

IGI UK has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to IGI UK’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

• 

• 

• 

• 

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 

an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 

balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 

transitional measures; and

is applied with no consideration for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes 

resulting in an SCR requirement that is more prudent.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated onshored Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly 

and at other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in 

full to the Audit, Risk and Compliance Committee of the UK Board in addition to being communicated to the IGI 

Bermuda and IGI Holdings Boards.

The adequacy of the IGI UK’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly in 

the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI UK’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the PRA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 

and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s 

requirements by 52% and 57% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. IGI UK’s draft financial statements for the year ended 

December 31, 2023 also reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s 

actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s requirements by 76%.

Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”)

IGI, our wholly owned subsidiary, is currently organized under the laws of the DIFC. The DIFC is a financial 

free zone with its own civil and commercial laws established in the Emirate of Dubai pursuant to Law No. (9) of 

2004 issued by the Ruler of Dubai. The DIFC operates within a unique legal and regulatory framework that is distinct 

from those applicable in the rest of the United Arab Emirates (the “UAE”). Such framework was achieved through a 

synthesis of UAE federal law and Dubai law, pursuant to: (i) an amendment to Article (121) of the UAE Constitution 

which deals with the division of powers between Federal and Emirati authorities and allows enacting a financial free 

zone law, which in turn allows an Emirati Government to create a financial free zone within a particular Emirate; 

(ii) the enactment of the Federal Law No. (8) of 2004 which exempts financial free zones from all UAE federal civil 

and commercial laws, thereby permitting the DIFC to have its own civil and commercial laws modelled closely on 

international standards and principles of common law (although UAE criminal law still applies); and (iii) the Cabinet 

Resolution No. (28) of 2007 on the Executive Regulations of the Federal Law No. (8) of 2004.

Companies operating in the DIFC are subject to the DIFC Companies Law No. (5) of 2018, the DIFC Operating 

Law No. (7) of 2018, the DIFC Companies and Operating Regulations as well as other DIFC commercial legislation.

The  DFSA  administers  the  DIFC  Regulatory  Law,  DIFC  Law  No.  (1)  of  2004. The  DIFC  Regulatory  Law 

establishes the constitution of the DFSA and enables the creation of the regulatory framework within which entities 

may be licensed, authorized, registered and supervised by the DFSA.

Dubai Financial Services Authority (“DFSA”)

The DFSA is a financially and administratively independent body that was established on September 13, 2004 

by Law No. (9) of 2004 issued by the Ruler of Dubai. The DFSA acts as the independent financial regulator in the 

DIFC, supervising regulated companies and monitoring their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The 

DFSA’s  powers  as  a  regulator  are  granted  to  it  under  the  provisions  of  DIFC  Regulatory  Law. As  a  result  of  such 

provisions, the DFSA is authorized to establish rules that enable it to respond swiftly to market developments and 

business needs. The DFSA has authority and responsibility for implementing the core financial services related laws 

that are applicable in the DIFC, including the DIFC Regulatory Law No. (1) of 2004, the DIFC Collective Investment 

Law No. (2) of 2010, the DIFC Markets Law No. (1) of 2012, the DIFC Law Regulating Islamic Financial Business 

No. (13) of 2004 and the Investment Trust Law No. (5) of 2006. Furthermore, subsidiary legislation is provided by 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023entitled to exercise or control the exercise of 10% or more of the voting power in such authorized insurance company 

or their parent company, would be considered to have acquired “control” for the purposes of the relevant legislation, as 

would a person who had significant influence over the management of such authorized insurance company by virtue of 

their shareholding or voting power in the authorized insurance company or parent. A purchaser of 10% or more of the 

common shares of the Company would therefore be considered to have acquired “control” of IGI UK. Under FSMA, 

any person proposing to acquire “control” over a UK authorized insurance company must give prior notification to the 

PRA of their intention to do so. The PRA would then have up to 60 working days (which may be extended by up to a 

further 30 working days) to consider that person’s application to acquire “control.” Acquiring control without having 

made the relevant prior application and having received the PRA’s approval (following consultation with the FCA) 

would constitute a criminal offense by the controller. In addition, if IGI UK fails to notify the PRA of the proposed 

change of control this could also result in action being taken against IGI UK. A person who is already deemed to 

have “control” will require prior approval of the PRA and the FCA if such person increases their level of “control” 

beyond  certain  percentages. These  percentages  are  20%,  30%  and  50%.  Similar  requirements  apply  in  relation  to 

the  acquisition  and  increase  of  control  of  a  UK  authorized  person  which  is  an  insurance  intermediary  except  that 

application for approval is made to, and decided by, the FCA and the threshold triggering the requirement for prior 

approval is 20% of the shares or voting power in the insurance intermediary or its parent company.

Senior Managers and Certification Regime. 

In December 2019, the FCA and PRA extended the application 

of  the  Senior  Managers  &  Certification  Regime  (“SM&CR”),  which  previously  applied  to  UK-regulated  entities 

in the banking sector, to insurers, reinsurers, insurance intermediaries and other UK-regulated entities. The Senior 

Managers & Certification Regime is an enhanced individual accountability framework which built upon and replaced 

the previous regulatory framework of the Senior Insurance Managers Regime and the Approved Persons regime. The 

SM&CR seeks to ensure that senior persons who are effectively running insurance firms, or who have responsibility 

for other key functions at those firms, meet standards of fitness and propriety for acting with integrity, honesty and 

skill and that there is a clear allocation of responsibilities between senior managers.

Insurance  Distribution  Directive.  On  October  1,  2018,  the  Insurance  Distribution  Directive  (“IDD”)  came 

into force. IDD applies to all those who conduct insurance distribution to clients, such as insurers (i.e., IGI UK) and 

insurance intermediaries (including firms such as banks or retailers who provide insurance alongside their primary 

business), and whose clients range from individual consumers to large multinational organizations. The main provisions 

of IDD include conduct of business obligations, remuneration disclosure, cross-selling limitations and professional 

training requirements. As a result of Brexit and following the end of the transitional period on December 31, 2020, 

the Insurance Distribution (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 came into effect to address the deficiencies in 

retained EU law relating to the IDD arising from Brexit. Under the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, directly 

applicable EU legislation made under the IDD was onshored and became part of the UK law at the end of the Brexit 

transitional period.

PRA requirements

IGI UK is subject to regulation by the UK FCA and the UK PRA. The onshored Solvency Capital Requirement 

(“SCR”) for IGI UK is governed by the onshored Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and quality 

of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The  onshored  Solvency  II  measure  of  available  capital  (“Own  Funds”)  uses  UK  GAAP  shareholders’  funds 

as  a  starting  point  and  applies  a  number  of  specific  adjustments  prescribed  under  onshored  Solvency  II.  The 

primary  adjustments  reflect  the  fact  that  onshored  Solvency  II  is  based  on  the  principle  of  an  economic  balance 

sheet — outstanding reserves and associated reinsurance recoverables being considered on a discounted best-estimate 

basis. A full reconciliation between the onshored Solvency II and UK GAAP bases is provided in the annual Solvency & 

Financial Condition Report published on IGI’s website (www.iginsure.com).

The onshored Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of 

the basic own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year 

year period, with a minimum of €4.0 million. IGI UK has chosen the onshored Solvency II Standard Formula (the 

“Standard Formula”) method to calculate its SCR.

IGI UK has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to IGI UK’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

• 

• 

• 

• 

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 
an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 
balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 
transitional measures; and

is applied with no consideration for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes 
resulting in an SCR requirement that is more prudent.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated onshored Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly 
and at other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in 
full to the Audit, Risk and Compliance Committee of the UK Board in addition to being communicated to the IGI 
Bermuda and IGI Holdings Boards.

The adequacy of the IGI UK’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly in 

the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI UK’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the PRA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 
and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s 
requirements by 52% and 57% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. IGI UK’s draft financial statements for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 also reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s 
actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s requirements by 76%.

Dubai International Financial Centre (“DIFC”)

IGI, our wholly owned subsidiary, is currently organized under the laws of the DIFC. The DIFC is a financial 
free zone with its own civil and commercial laws established in the Emirate of Dubai pursuant to Law No. (9) of 
2004 issued by the Ruler of Dubai. The DIFC operates within a unique legal and regulatory framework that is distinct 
from those applicable in the rest of the United Arab Emirates (the “UAE”). Such framework was achieved through a 
synthesis of UAE federal law and Dubai law, pursuant to: (i) an amendment to Article (121) of the UAE Constitution 
which deals with the division of powers between Federal and Emirati authorities and allows enacting a financial free 
zone law, which in turn allows an Emirati Government to create a financial free zone within a particular Emirate; 
(ii) the enactment of the Federal Law No. (8) of 2004 which exempts financial free zones from all UAE federal civil 
and commercial laws, thereby permitting the DIFC to have its own civil and commercial laws modelled closely on 
international standards and principles of common law (although UAE criminal law still applies); and (iii) the Cabinet 
Resolution No. (28) of 2007 on the Executive Regulations of the Federal Law No. (8) of 2004.

Companies operating in the DIFC are subject to the DIFC Companies Law No. (5) of 2018, the DIFC Operating 
Law No. (7) of 2018, the DIFC Companies and Operating Regulations as well as other DIFC commercial legislation.

The  DFSA  administers  the  DIFC  Regulatory  Law,  DIFC  Law  No.  (1)  of  2004. The  DIFC  Regulatory  Law 
establishes the constitution of the DFSA and enables the creation of the regulatory framework within which entities 
may be licensed, authorized, registered and supervised by the DFSA.

Dubai Financial Services Authority (“DFSA”)

The DFSA is a financially and administratively independent body that was established on September 13, 2004 
by Law No. (9) of 2004 issued by the Ruler of Dubai. The DFSA acts as the independent financial regulator in the 
DIFC, supervising regulated companies and monitoring their compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The 
DFSA’s  powers  as  a  regulator  are  granted  to  it  under  the  provisions  of  DIFC  Regulatory  Law. As  a  result  of  such 
provisions, the DFSA is authorized to establish rules that enable it to respond swiftly to market developments and 
business needs. The DFSA has authority and responsibility for implementing the core financial services related laws 
that are applicable in the DIFC, including the DIFC Regulatory Law No. (1) of 2004, the DIFC Collective Investment 
Law No. (2) of 2010, the DIFC Markets Law No. (1) of 2012, the DIFC Law Regulating Islamic Financial Business 
No. (13) of 2004 and the Investment Trust Law No. (5) of 2006. Furthermore, subsidiary legislation is provided by 

73

74

96

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          “Rules” set out in the “DFSA Rulebook,” which is issued under the DIFC Regulatory Law. The DFSA Rulebook is 
made up of topic-area modules which specify their scope and the audience to whom they apply. The DFSA Rulebook 
contains additional commentary as guidance which is designed to assist DIFC participants in complying with their 
legal  and  related  obligations.  Certain  other  matters  that  are  not  Rules,  such  as  application  forms  and  returns,  are 
contained in the DFSA Sourcebook modules, which also comprise topic-area modules.

Legislation, rules and regulations governing companies incorporated in the DIFC and financial activities in the 
DIFC are available on the websites of the DIFC and the DFSA at www.difc.ae and www.dfsa.ae, respectively. We have 
not independently verified the information contained on these websites and cannot provide any assurance as to the 
accuracy or completeness of such information. The information contained on these websites does not form a part of, 
and is not incorporated by reference into, this annual report.

Money Laundering and Financial Crime Regime in the UAE

IGI  is  registered  in  the  DIFC  and  is  subject  to  DFSA  supervision  for  the  purpose  of  anti-money  laundering 
compliance in the DIFC. Under Article 70(3) of the DIFC Regulatory Law, the DFSA has jurisdiction for the regulation 
of anti-money laundering in the DIFC and is the relevant authority that licenses and supervises Relevant Persons in the 
DIFC for the purposes of the UAE Federal legislation relating to money laundering, terrorist financing, the financing 
of  unlawful  organizations  or  sanctions  non-compliance.  Further,  the  UAE  criminal  law  applies  in  the  DIFC  and, 
therefore, companies registered in the DIFC must be aware of their obligations in respect of UAE criminal law as 
well as the DIFC Regulatory Law. Relevant UAE criminal laws include, but are not limited to, Federal Law No. 20 of 
2018 regarding combating money laundering and terrorist financing, Federal Law No. 7 of 2014 regarding combating 
terrorism offenses, the implementing regulations under those laws and the UAE Penal Code.

Labuan, Malaysia

International General Insurance Co. Ltd. — Labuan Branch (the “Labuan Branch”), a branch of IGI for purposes 
of engaging in business in Malaysia, is licensed by the Labuan Financial Services Authority as a “second-tier offshore 
reinsurer,” which means that local brokers may only offer reinsurance business to IGI after first offering it to first-tier 
reinsurers.

The  Labuan  Branch  is  licensed  to  issue  Labuan  law-governed  policies,  including  Islamic  law-compliant 
re-takaful policies. The Labuan Branch obtained the approval of the Labuan Financial Services Authority to engage 
the Labuan Financial Services Authority’s Shariah Supervisory Council as its internal Shariah advisory board, which 
is permitted under the Directive on Islamic Financial Business in Labuan International Offshore Financial Center.

MFSA requirements

Following its acquisition in June 2021, IGI Europe is subject to regulation by the MFSA. The Solvency Capital 
Requirement (SCR) for IGI Europe is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and 
quality of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 
own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 
with a minimum of €4.0 million. IGI Europe has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 
method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

• 

• 

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 
an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the Company’s risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side 
of the balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

108%.

Jordan

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 

transitional measures; and

is applied with adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 

other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in full to the 

board of directors of IGI Europe in addition to being communicated to the boards of directors of IGI and IGI Bermuda.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI Europe’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the MFSA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 

and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus. IGI Europe’s draft financial 

statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 also reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin 

requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the MFSA’s requirements by 

Our subsidiary, I.G.I Underwriting/Jordan ‘Exempted’ (“IGI Underwriting”), which is based in Amman, Jordan, 

is subject to regulation of the Insurance Supervision Department of Central Bank of Jordan. The Insurance Supervision 

Department replaced the Insurance Commission of Jordan pursuant to the restructuring of Institutions and Government 

Departments Law No 17 of 2014, Article D. The Central Bank of Jordan assumed the role of insurance supervisor 

and regulator from the Ministry of Industry, Trade and supply in June 2021 following the enactment of the Insurance 

Regulatory Law No 12 of 2021 and an insurance supervision department was established thereafter. IGI Underwriting 

is  licensed  in  Jordan  under  Instruction  No.  (4)  of  2010  “Instructions  of  Licensing  and  Regulating  the  Business  & 

Responsibilities  of  the  Coverholder.” As  a  licensed  offshore  entity,  IGI  Underwriting  is  required  to  update  certain 

information with the Insurance Supervision Department annually, including information regarding the following:

the names of insurance and reinsurance companies with which IGI Underwriting has concluded binding 

the business conducted by IGI Underwriting during the year;

authorities and the date of termination of each authority;

a valid insurance policy possessed by IGI Underwriting; and

any other data, documents or information required by the Director General of the Insurance Supervision 

Department.

Morocco

Competition

A representative office of International General Insurance Co. Ltd., which is based in Morocco and serves as our 

Africa hub, is regulated by the Casablanca Finance City.

The insurance and reinsurance industries are mature and highly competitive. Competition varies significantly 

on the basis of product and geography. Insurance and reinsurance companies compete on the basis of many factors, 

including  premium  charges,  general  reputation  and  perceived  financial  strength,  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the 

products offered, ratings assigned by independent rating agencies, speed of claims payments, reputation and experience 

in the particular risk to be underwritten, quality of service, the jurisdiction where the reinsurer or insurer is licensed or 

otherwise authorized, capacity and coverages offered and various other factors. Increased competition could result in 

fewer submissions for our products and services, lower rates charged, slower premium growth and less favorable policy 

terms and conditions, any of which could adversely impact our growth and profitability.

75

76

97

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023“Rules” set out in the “DFSA Rulebook,” which is issued under the DIFC Regulatory Law. The DFSA Rulebook is 

made up of topic-area modules which specify their scope and the audience to whom they apply. The DFSA Rulebook 

contains additional commentary as guidance which is designed to assist DIFC participants in complying with their 

legal  and  related  obligations.  Certain  other  matters  that  are  not  Rules,  such  as  application  forms  and  returns,  are 

contained in the DFSA Sourcebook modules, which also comprise topic-area modules.

Legislation, rules and regulations governing companies incorporated in the DIFC and financial activities in the 

DIFC are available on the websites of the DIFC and the DFSA at www.difc.ae and www.dfsa.ae, respectively. We have 

not independently verified the information contained on these websites and cannot provide any assurance as to the 

accuracy or completeness of such information. The information contained on these websites does not form a part of, 

and is not incorporated by reference into, this annual report.

Money Laundering and Financial Crime Regime in the UAE

IGI  is  registered  in  the  DIFC  and  is  subject  to  DFSA  supervision  for  the  purpose  of  anti-money  laundering 

compliance in the DIFC. Under Article 70(3) of the DIFC Regulatory Law, the DFSA has jurisdiction for the regulation 

of anti-money laundering in the DIFC and is the relevant authority that licenses and supervises Relevant Persons in the 

DIFC for the purposes of the UAE Federal legislation relating to money laundering, terrorist financing, the financing 

of  unlawful  organizations  or  sanctions  non-compliance.  Further,  the  UAE  criminal  law  applies  in  the  DIFC  and, 

therefore, companies registered in the DIFC must be aware of their obligations in respect of UAE criminal law as 

well as the DIFC Regulatory Law. Relevant UAE criminal laws include, but are not limited to, Federal Law No. 20 of 

2018 regarding combating money laundering and terrorist financing, Federal Law No. 7 of 2014 regarding combating 

terrorism offenses, the implementing regulations under those laws and the UAE Penal Code.

International General Insurance Co. Ltd. — Labuan Branch (the “Labuan Branch”), a branch of IGI for purposes 

of engaging in business in Malaysia, is licensed by the Labuan Financial Services Authority as a “second-tier offshore 

reinsurer,” which means that local brokers may only offer reinsurance business to IGI after first offering it to first-tier 

The  Labuan  Branch  is  licensed  to  issue  Labuan  law-governed  policies,  including  Islamic  law-compliant 

re-takaful policies. The Labuan Branch obtained the approval of the Labuan Financial Services Authority to engage 

the Labuan Financial Services Authority’s Shariah Supervisory Council as its internal Shariah advisory board, which 

is permitted under the Directive on Islamic Financial Business in Labuan International Offshore Financial Center.

Labuan, Malaysia

reinsurers.

MFSA requirements

Following its acquisition in June 2021, IGI Europe is subject to regulation by the MFSA. The Solvency Capital 

Requirement (SCR) for IGI Europe is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and 

quality of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 

own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 

with a minimum of €4.0 million. IGI Europe has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 

method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 

• 

• 

an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the Company’s risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side 

of the balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

• 

• 

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 
transitional measures; and

is applied with adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 
other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in full to the 
board of directors of IGI Europe in addition to being communicated to the boards of directors of IGI and IGI Bermuda.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI Europe’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the MFSA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 
and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus. IGI Europe’s draft financial 
statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 also reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin 
requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the MFSA’s requirements by 
108%.

Jordan

Our subsidiary, I.G.I Underwriting/Jordan ‘Exempted’ (“IGI Underwriting”), which is based in Amman, Jordan, 
is subject to regulation of the Insurance Supervision Department of Central Bank of Jordan. The Insurance Supervision 
Department replaced the Insurance Commission of Jordan pursuant to the restructuring of Institutions and Government 
Departments Law No 17 of 2014, Article D. The Central Bank of Jordan assumed the role of insurance supervisor 
and regulator from the Ministry of Industry, Trade and supply in June 2021 following the enactment of the Insurance 
Regulatory Law No 12 of 2021 and an insurance supervision department was established thereafter. IGI Underwriting 
is  licensed  in  Jordan  under  Instruction  No.  (4)  of  2010  “Instructions  of  Licensing  and  Regulating  the  Business  & 
Responsibilities  of  the  Coverholder.” As  a  licensed  offshore  entity,  IGI  Underwriting  is  required  to  update  certain 
information with the Insurance Supervision Department annually, including information regarding the following:

the business conducted by IGI Underwriting during the year;

the names of insurance and reinsurance companies with which IGI Underwriting has concluded binding 
authorities and the date of termination of each authority;

a valid insurance policy possessed by IGI Underwriting; and

any other data, documents or information required by the Director General of the Insurance Supervision 
Department.

• 

• 

• 

• 

Morocco

A representative office of International General Insurance Co. Ltd., which is based in Morocco and serves as our 

Africa hub, is regulated by the Casablanca Finance City.

Competition

The insurance and reinsurance industries are mature and highly competitive. Competition varies significantly 
on the basis of product and geography. Insurance and reinsurance companies compete on the basis of many factors, 
including  premium  charges,  general  reputation  and  perceived  financial  strength,  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the 
products offered, ratings assigned by independent rating agencies, speed of claims payments, reputation and experience 
in the particular risk to be underwritten, quality of service, the jurisdiction where the reinsurer or insurer is licensed or 
otherwise authorized, capacity and coverages offered and various other factors. Increased competition could result in 
fewer submissions for our products and services, lower rates charged, slower premium growth and less favorable policy 
terms and conditions, any of which could adversely impact our growth and profitability.

75

76

98

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We  compete  with  major  U.S.,  UK,  Bermudian,  European  and  other  domestic  and  international  insurers  and 
reinsurers  and  underwriting  syndicates  from  Lloyd’s,  some  of  which  have  longer  operating  histories,  more  capital 
and/or  more  favorable  ratings  than  we  do,  as  well  as  greater  marketing,  management  and  business  resources. We 
also  compete  with  capital  market  participants  that  create  alternative  products,  such  as  catastrophe  bonds,  that  are 
intended to compete with traditional reinsurance products. In addition to asset managers and reinsurers who provide 
collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional coverage, the availability of these non-traditional products could reduce 
the demand for both traditional insurance and reinsurance products.

In  recent  years,  various  institutional  investors  have  increasingly  sought  to  participate  in  the  property  and 
casualty insurance and reinsurance industries. Well-capitalized new entrants to the property and casualty insurance 
and  reinsurance  industries,  or  existing  competitors  that  receive  substantial  infusions  of  capital,  provide  increasing 
competition, which may adversely impact our business and profitability. Further, an expanded supply of reinsurance 
capital may lower costs for insurers that rely on reinsurance and, as a consequence, those insurers may be able to price 
their products more competitively.

Litigation and Arbitration

There  are  no  governmental,  legal  or  arbitration  proceedings  to  which  we  are  a  party  which  are  expected  to 
have a material effect on our financial position or profitability (including any such proceedings which are pending 
or threatened or which we are aware of), except as stated below. However, in any given year, litigation could arise 
which might have an adverse effect on our results for such year. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business 
and Operations — We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, and we may face damage to our 
reputation or legal liability as a result”.

In  addition,  it  is  not  unusual  for  commercial  insurers  to  engage  in  disputes  with  reinsurers  regarding  the 
contractual  obligations  of  such  reinsurers.  Reinsurance  is  an  important  risk  mitigation  measure  because  it  enables 
us to cede portions of our underwriting risk to others. Although reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from 
their primary obligation to pay for losses insured under the policies they issue, reinsurance does make the assuming 
reinsurer liable to the insurance subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk. As of December 31, 2023, the amount 
owed to us from our reinsurers for paid claims was approximately $10.8 million and the portion of our case reserves 
due from reinsurers was approximately $117.4 million. In some cases, there can be disputes with reinsurers over their 
contractual obligations and their understanding of our maximum liability for the underlying insurance policy which is 
being reinsured. Insurers can seek to avoid reinsurance policies for a variety of reasons, including allegations that they 
did not appreciate our maximum liability. In some cases, these disputes and disagreements can result in arbitration or 
even litigation, initiated in some cases by us and in some cases by our reinsurers.

C. Organizational Structure

this annual report.

The following diagram depicts the organizational structure of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the date of 

International General Insurance

Holdings Ltd. (IGIC)

Bermuda

Group Holding Company publicly traded on Nasdaq

Founded: 2019

Registration number: 55038

International General Insurance

Holdings Limited

United Arab Emirates (DIFC)

IGI Underwriting / Jordan “Exempted” 

International General Insurance Co Ltd

North Star Underwriting Limited

(IGIU)

Jordan

Provides management, underwriting & operational 

support and acts as a service vehicle for IGI Group

Founded: 2002

Regulator: Jordan Insurance Directorate

(IGI Bermuda)

Bermuda

(NSUL)

UK

Group main underwriting entity

Specialist underwriting agency

Founded:  2007

Regulator: Bermuda Monitory Authority

Rating: A.M. Best: A (Stable outlook), S&P A-

(Stable outlook), MARC: AA+

Acquired in 2009 (majority in 2007)

Regulator: Financial Conduct Authority

International General

Insurance Company

(UK) Limited

International General 

Insurance Company

 (Europe) Ltd.

International General 

Insurance Co 

(Dubai) Ltd

International General 

Insurance Co Ltd – 

Labuan Branch

International General 

Insurance Co Ltd –

Representative Office

IGI Services

Ltd.

Speciality Malls

 Investment 

Company.

Malta

United Arab Emirates

Malaysia

Morocco

Underwrites across eleven

Offshore capitalized

Representative office 

12 different classes of  

business for IGI Bermuda

different classes of 

branch of IGI

Cayman Island

Owning and

chartering of 

Jordan

Real estate

properties

aircraft

development and

lease

International General 

Insurance Company 

Nordic AS

Norway

Managing general

agency

Bermuda. Provides

access to Malaysian & 

Far East markets.

of IGI Bermuda.

Provides access to

Northern, Central and

West African markets

Founded: 2006

Regulator: Labuan 

Financial

Services Authority

Founded:  2014

Regulator:

Casablanca 

Finance City

Founded: 2008

Regulator:  Dubai

International Financial

Center and Dubai

Financial Services

Authority

Founded:  2016

Founded:  2004

Acquired:  2023

Regulator: N/A

Regulator: N/A

Regulator: N/A

UK

Underwrites a diverse 

book of business with 

17 different classes of 

business sourced 

through London 

brokers

Founded: 2009, 

authorized 2011 

Regulator: Financial 

Conduct Authority and 

Prudential Regulation 

Authority 

Rating: A.M. Best: A 

(Stable outlook), S&P 

A- (Stable outlook)

Underwrites a diverse 

book of business with 

business

Acquired: 2021

Regulator: Malta

Financial Services

Authority

Rating: A.M. Best: A 

(Stable outlook), S&P 

A- (Stable outlook)

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

IGI leases properties in each of the jurisdictions where it operates pursuant to long-term leases. The Company 

also directly holds a commercial building located in Amman, Jordan. Refer to Note 2(h) to the Consolidated Financial 

Statements in Item 18 of this annual report for further details about property and equipment. IGI does not consider any 

of these properties and leases to be material to its business.

77

78

99

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We  compete  with  major  U.S.,  UK,  Bermudian,  European  and  other  domestic  and  international  insurers  and 

reinsurers  and  underwriting  syndicates  from  Lloyd’s,  some  of  which  have  longer  operating  histories,  more  capital 

and/or  more  favorable  ratings  than  we  do,  as  well  as  greater  marketing,  management  and  business  resources. We 

also  compete  with  capital  market  participants  that  create  alternative  products,  such  as  catastrophe  bonds,  that  are 

intended to compete with traditional reinsurance products. In addition to asset managers and reinsurers who provide 

collateralized reinsurance and retrocessional coverage, the availability of these non-traditional products could reduce 

the demand for both traditional insurance and reinsurance products.

In  recent  years,  various  institutional  investors  have  increasingly  sought  to  participate  in  the  property  and 

casualty insurance and reinsurance industries. Well-capitalized new entrants to the property and casualty insurance 

and  reinsurance  industries,  or  existing  competitors  that  receive  substantial  infusions  of  capital,  provide  increasing 

competition, which may adversely impact our business and profitability. Further, an expanded supply of reinsurance 

capital may lower costs for insurers that rely on reinsurance and, as a consequence, those insurers may be able to price 

their products more competitively.

Litigation and Arbitration

There  are  no  governmental,  legal  or  arbitration  proceedings  to  which  we  are  a  party  which  are  expected  to 

have a material effect on our financial position or profitability (including any such proceedings which are pending 

or threatened or which we are aware of), except as stated below. However, in any given year, litigation could arise 

which might have an adverse effect on our results for such year. See “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business 

and Operations — We are involved in legal and other proceedings from time to time, and we may face damage to our 

reputation or legal liability as a result”.

In  addition,  it  is  not  unusual  for  commercial  insurers  to  engage  in  disputes  with  reinsurers  regarding  the 

contractual  obligations  of  such  reinsurers.  Reinsurance  is  an  important  risk  mitigation  measure  because  it  enables 

us to cede portions of our underwriting risk to others. Although reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from 

their primary obligation to pay for losses insured under the policies they issue, reinsurance does make the assuming 

reinsurer liable to the insurance subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk. As of December 31, 2023, the amount 

owed to us from our reinsurers for paid claims was approximately $10.8 million and the portion of our case reserves 

due from reinsurers was approximately $117.4 million. In some cases, there can be disputes with reinsurers over their 

contractual obligations and their understanding of our maximum liability for the underlying insurance policy which is 

being reinsured. Insurers can seek to avoid reinsurance policies for a variety of reasons, including allegations that they 

did not appreciate our maximum liability. In some cases, these disputes and disagreements can result in arbitration or 

even litigation, initiated in some cases by us and in some cases by our reinsurers.

C. Organizational Structure

The following diagram depicts the organizational structure of the Company and its subsidiaries as of the date of 

this annual report.

International General Insurance
Holdings Ltd. (IGIC)

Bermuda
Group Holding Company publicly traded on Nasdaq

Founded: 2019
Registration number: 55038

International General Insurance
Holdings Limited

United Arab Emirates (DIFC)

International General Insurance Co Ltd
(IGI Bermuda)

Bermuda
Group main underwriting entity

Founded:  2007
Regulator: Bermuda Monitory Authority
Rating: A.M. Best: A (Stable outlook), S&P A-
(Stable outlook), MARC: AA+

IGI Underwriting / Jordan “Exempted” 
(IGIU)
Jordan
Provides management, underwriting & operational 
support and acts as a service vehicle for IGI Group

Founded: 2002
Regulator: Jordan Insurance Directorate

International General 
Insurance Co 
(Dubai) Ltd

International General 
Insurance Co Ltd – 
Labuan Branch

International General 
Insurance Co Ltd –
Representative Office

International General 
Insurance Company
 (Europe) Ltd.

Malta
Underwrites a diverse 
book of business with 
12 different classes of  
business

United Arab Emirates
Underwrites across eleven
different classes of 
business for IGI Bermuda

Acquired: 2021
Regulator: Malta
Financial Services
Authority
Rating: A.M. Best: A 
(Stable outlook), S&P 
A- (Stable outlook)

Founded: 2008
Regulator:  Dubai
International Financial
Center and Dubai
Financial Services
Authority

Malaysia
Offshore capitalized
branch of IGI
Bermuda. Provides
access to Malaysian & 
Far East markets.

Morocco
Representative office 
of IGI Bermuda.
Provides access to
Northern, Central and
West African markets

Founded: 2006
Regulator: Labuan 
Financial
Services Authority

Founded:  2014
Regulator:
Casablanca 
Finance City

International General
Insurance Company
(UK) Limited

UK
Underwrites a diverse 
book of business with 
17 different classes of 
business sourced 
through London 
brokers

Founded: 2009, 
authorized 2011 
Regulator: Financial 
Conduct Authority and 
Prudential Regulation 
Authority 
Rating: A.M. Best: A 
(Stable outlook), S&P 
A- (Stable outlook)

North Star Underwriting Limited
(NSUL)
UK
Specialist underwriting agency

Acquired in 2009 (majority in 2007)
Regulator: Financial Conduct Authority

IGI Services
Ltd.

Cayman Island
Owning and
chartering of 
aircraft

Speciality Malls
 Investment 
Company.

International General 
Insurance Company 
Nordic AS

Jordan
Real estate
properties
development and
lease

Norway
Managing general
agency

Founded:  2016
Regulator: N/A

Founded:  2004
Regulator: N/A

Acquired:  2023
Regulator: N/A

D. Property, Plants and Equipment

IGI leases properties in each of the jurisdictions where it operates pursuant to long-term leases. The Company 
also directly holds a commercial building located in Amman, Jordan. Refer to Note 2(h) to the Consolidated Financial 
Statements in Item 18 of this annual report for further details about property and equipment. IGI does not consider any 
of these properties and leases to be material to its business.

77

78

100

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          ITEM 4A.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

This  section  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  “Business”  section  and  the  consolidated  financial 
statements of IGI which are included elsewhere in this annual report. The financial information contained herein is 
taken or derived from such consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated. The following discussion 
contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those that are discussed in these 
forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below 
and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly under “Risk Factors.”

Introduction

We are a highly-rated global provider of specialty insurance and reinsurance solutions in over 200 countries 
and  territories.  We  underwrite  a  diversified  portfolio  of  specialty  risks  including  energy,  property,  construction 
and  engineering,  ports  and  terminals,  general  aviation,  political  violence,  professional  lines  (non-U.S.),  financial 
institutions, marine and treaty reinsurance. Our size affords us the ability to be nimble and seek out profitable niches 
that can generate attractive underwriting results. Our underwriting focus is supported by exceptional service to our 
clients and brokers. Founded in 2001, we and our predecessors have prudently grown our business with a focus on 
underwriting profitability and risk-adjusted shareholder returns.

Our primary objective is to underwrite specialty products that maximize return on equity subject to prudent risk 
constraints on the amount of capital we expose to any single event. We follow a careful and disciplined underwriting 
strategy  with  a  focus  on  individually  underwritten  specialty  risks  through  in-depth  assessment  of  the  underlying 
exposure. We  use  data  analytics  and  modern  technology  to  offer  our  clients  flexible  products  and  customized  and 
granular pricing. We manage our risks through a variety of means, including contract terms, portfolio selection and 
underwriting  and  geographic  diversification.  Our  underwriting  strategy  is  supplemented  by  a  comprehensive  risk 
transfer  program  with  reinsurance  coverage  from  highly-rated  reinsurers  that  we  believe  lowers  our  volatility  of 
earnings and provides appropriate levels of protection in the event of a major loss event.

We conduct our worldwide operations through three reportable segments under U.S. GAAP segment reporting: 
specialty long-tail, specialty short-tail and reinsurance. Our specialty long-tail segment includes (a) our professional 
lines  of  business,  which  includes  our  professional  indemnity,  directors  and  officers,  legal  expenses,  intellectual 
property and other casualty lines of business, (b) our financial institutions line of business, (c) our marine liability 
line of business and (d) our inherent defects insurance line of business. Our specialty short-tail segment includes our 
energy (upstream, downstream and renewable), property, construction and engineering, political violence, ports and 
terminals, general aviation, marine cargo and contingency lines of business. Our reinsurance segment includes our 
inward reinsurance treaty business.

In addition, we have a corporate function (“Corporate”) which includes the activities of our holding company and 
certain functions, including investment management. Corporate includes investment income on a managed basis and 
other non-segment expenses, predominantly general and administrative, stock compensation, finance and transaction 
expenses. Corporate also includes the activities of certain key executives such as the President and Chief Executive 
Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Our corporate expenses and investment results are presented separately within 
the corporate segment section.

Description of Certain Income Statement Line Items

The definition and method of calculation of certain line items from IGI’s consolidated income statement are 

provided below:

Gross written premiums

Gross  written  premiums  comprise  the  total  premiums  receivable  for  the  whole  period  of  cover  provided  by 
contracts entered into during the accounting period. They are recognized on the date on which the policy commences. 
Premiums include any adjustments arising in the accounting period for premiums receivable in respect of business 

written in prior accounting periods. Rebates that form part of the premium rate, such as no-claim rebates, are deducted 

from the gross premium; others are recognized as an expense. Premiums also include estimates for pipeline premiums, 

representing amounts due on business written but not yet notified. We generally estimate the pipeline premium based 

on management’s judgment and prior experience.

Ceded written premiums comprise the total premiums payable for the reinsurance cover provided by retrocession 

contracts entered into during the year and are recognized on the date on which the policy incepts. Premiums include 

any  adjustments  arising  in  the  accounting  period  in  respect  of  reinsurance  contracts  incepting  in  prior  accounting 

Ceded written premiums

periods.

Net change in unearned premiums

Unearned  premiums  related  to  gross  written  premiums  constitutes  the  proportion  of  premiums  written  in  a 

year that relate to periods of risk after the reporting date. Unearned premiums are calculated on a pro rata basis. The 

proportion attributable to subsequent periods is deferred as a provision for unearned premiums.

Unearned  reinsurance  premiums  related  to  ceded  written  premiums  constitute  the  proportion  of  premiums 

written in a year that relate to periods of risk after the reporting date. Unearned reinsurance premiums are deferred over 

the term of the underlying direct insurance policies for risk-attaching contracts and over the term of the reinsurance 

contract for losses-occurring contracts.

Investment income is comprised of interest and dividend income, net of investment custodian fees and other 

Investment income

investment expenses.

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Net realized gain and loss on investments is comprised of realized gain and loss on the sale of fixed maturity 

securities available-for-sale at fair value, equity securities at fair value and other investments.

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments includes unrealized loss on revaluation of equity securities at fair value 

and other investments, in addition to the unrealized gain (loss) on equity-method investments at fair value which the 

Company has elected to account for using the fair value option.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments include an allowance for expected credit losses 

(ECLs) for fixed maturity securities available-for-sale at fair value and fixed maturity securities held to maturity.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

The Company’s derivative financial liabilities include its warrants and outstanding earn out shares, which must 

be recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of income at the 

end of each reporting period. The Company repurchased and redeemed all of its outstanding Warrants in September 

and October 2023.

Other revenues

Other revenues comprise mainly chartered flights revenues and rental income.

79

80

101

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ITEM 4A.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 5.  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

This  section  should  be  read  in  conjunction  with  the  “Business”  section  and  the  consolidated  financial 

statements of IGI which are included elsewhere in this annual report. The financial information contained herein is 

taken or derived from such consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise indicated. The following discussion 

contains forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those that are discussed in these 

forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below 

and elsewhere in this annual report, particularly under “Risk Factors.”

Introduction

We are a highly-rated global provider of specialty insurance and reinsurance solutions in over 200 countries 

and  territories.  We  underwrite  a  diversified  portfolio  of  specialty  risks  including  energy,  property,  construction 

and  engineering,  ports  and  terminals,  general  aviation,  political  violence,  professional  lines  (non-U.S.),  financial 

institutions, marine and treaty reinsurance. Our size affords us the ability to be nimble and seek out profitable niches 

that can generate attractive underwriting results. Our underwriting focus is supported by exceptional service to our 

clients and brokers. Founded in 2001, we and our predecessors have prudently grown our business with a focus on 

underwriting profitability and risk-adjusted shareholder returns.

Our primary objective is to underwrite specialty products that maximize return on equity subject to prudent risk 

constraints on the amount of capital we expose to any single event. We follow a careful and disciplined underwriting 

strategy  with  a  focus  on  individually  underwritten  specialty  risks  through  in-depth  assessment  of  the  underlying 

exposure. We  use  data  analytics  and  modern  technology  to  offer  our  clients  flexible  products  and  customized  and 

granular pricing. We manage our risks through a variety of means, including contract terms, portfolio selection and 

underwriting  and  geographic  diversification.  Our  underwriting  strategy  is  supplemented  by  a  comprehensive  risk 

transfer  program  with  reinsurance  coverage  from  highly-rated  reinsurers  that  we  believe  lowers  our  volatility  of 

earnings and provides appropriate levels of protection in the event of a major loss event.

We conduct our worldwide operations through three reportable segments under U.S. GAAP segment reporting: 

specialty long-tail, specialty short-tail and reinsurance. Our specialty long-tail segment includes (a) our professional 

lines  of  business,  which  includes  our  professional  indemnity,  directors  and  officers,  legal  expenses,  intellectual 

property and other casualty lines of business, (b) our financial institutions line of business, (c) our marine liability 

line of business and (d) our inherent defects insurance line of business. Our specialty short-tail segment includes our 

energy (upstream, downstream and renewable), property, construction and engineering, political violence, ports and 

terminals, general aviation, marine cargo and contingency lines of business. Our reinsurance segment includes our 

inward reinsurance treaty business.

In addition, we have a corporate function (“Corporate”) which includes the activities of our holding company and 

certain functions, including investment management. Corporate includes investment income on a managed basis and 

other non-segment expenses, predominantly general and administrative, stock compensation, finance and transaction 

expenses. Corporate also includes the activities of certain key executives such as the President and Chief Executive 

Officer, and Chief Financial Officer. Our corporate expenses and investment results are presented separately within 

the corporate segment section.

Description of Certain Income Statement Line Items

provided below:

Gross written premiums

Gross  written  premiums  comprise  the  total  premiums  receivable  for  the  whole  period  of  cover  provided  by 

contracts entered into during the accounting period. They are recognized on the date on which the policy commences. 

Premiums include any adjustments arising in the accounting period for premiums receivable in respect of business 

written in prior accounting periods. Rebates that form part of the premium rate, such as no-claim rebates, are deducted 
from the gross premium; others are recognized as an expense. Premiums also include estimates for pipeline premiums, 
representing amounts due on business written but not yet notified. We generally estimate the pipeline premium based 
on management’s judgment and prior experience.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums comprise the total premiums payable for the reinsurance cover provided by retrocession 
contracts entered into during the year and are recognized on the date on which the policy incepts. Premiums include 
any  adjustments  arising  in  the  accounting  period  in  respect  of  reinsurance  contracts  incepting  in  prior  accounting 
periods.

Net change in unearned premiums

Unearned  premiums  related  to  gross  written  premiums  constitutes  the  proportion  of  premiums  written  in  a 
year that relate to periods of risk after the reporting date. Unearned premiums are calculated on a pro rata basis. The 
proportion attributable to subsequent periods is deferred as a provision for unearned premiums.

Unearned  reinsurance  premiums  related  to  ceded  written  premiums  constitute  the  proportion  of  premiums 
written in a year that relate to periods of risk after the reporting date. Unearned reinsurance premiums are deferred over 
the term of the underlying direct insurance policies for risk-attaching contracts and over the term of the reinsurance 
contract for losses-occurring contracts.

Investment income

Investment income is comprised of interest and dividend income, net of investment custodian fees and other 

investment expenses.

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Net realized gain and loss on investments is comprised of realized gain and loss on the sale of fixed maturity 

securities available-for-sale at fair value, equity securities at fair value and other investments.

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments includes unrealized loss on revaluation of equity securities at fair value 
and other investments, in addition to the unrealized gain (loss) on equity-method investments at fair value which the 
Company has elected to account for using the fair value option.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments include an allowance for expected credit losses 

(ECLs) for fixed maturity securities available-for-sale at fair value and fixed maturity securities held to maturity.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

The Company’s derivative financial liabilities include its warrants and outstanding earn out shares, which must 
be recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in the consolidated statement of income at the 
end of each reporting period. The Company repurchased and redeemed all of its outstanding Warrants in September 
and October 2023.

The definition and method of calculation of certain line items from IGI’s consolidated income statement are 

Other revenues

Other revenues comprise mainly chartered flights revenues and rental income.

79

80

102

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Results of Operations — Consolidated

Losses, comprising amounts payable to contract holders and third parties and related loss adjustment expenses, 
net of salvage and other recoveries, are charged to income as incurred. Losses comprise the estimated amounts payable, 
in respect of losses reported to us and those not reported at the consolidated statement of financial position date.

We generally estimate our losses based on appointed loss adjusters or leading underwriters’ recommendations. 
In  addition,  a  provision  based  on  management’s  judgment  and  our  prior  experience  is  maintained  for  the  cost  of 
settling losses incurred but not reported at the consolidated statement of financial position date.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses constitute losses and loss adjustments expenses net of reinsurers’ share 

of loss.

Net policy acquisition expenses

Net policy acquisition expenses represent commissions paid in relation to the acquisition and renewal of insurance 
and  retrocession  contracts  which  are  deferred  and  expensed  over  the  same  period  over  which  the  corresponding 
premiums are recognized in accordance with the earning pattern of the underlying contract. Net policy acquisition 
expenses are net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under certain reinsurance contracts.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses is comprised of human resources expenses, business promotion, travel and 
entertainment expenses, statutory, advisory and rating expenses, information technology and software expenses, office 
operation expenses, depreciation and amortization, bank charges and board of directors’ expenses.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables includes an allowance for expected credit losses 

on premiums receivables and reinsurance recoverables.

Other expenses

Other expenses consist mainly of aircraft operational cost and depreciation.

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)

Gain (loss) on foreign exchange represents gains and/or losses incurred as a result of foreign currency transactions.

Income tax expense

Year ended December 31, 2023 compared to year ended December 31, 2022 (Consolidated)

Income tax expense reflects (1) income tax payable by IGI Labuan in accordance with the Labuan Business 
Activities  Tax  Act  1990,  (2)  tax  payable  by  IGI  Casablanca  pursuant  to  the  Casablanca  Finance  City  Tax  Code, 
(3)  corporate  tax  payable  by  IGI  UK  and  North  Star  Underwriting  Limited  in  accordance  with  UK  tax  law  and 
(4)  corporate  tax  payable  by  IGI  Europe  in  accordance  with  Malta  income  tax  law.  IGI  Bermuda  is  a  tax-exempt 
company.  IGI  Holdings  (a  DIFC-registered  company)  and  IGI  Dubai  are  not  subject  to  income  tax  according  to 
the UAE tax law, and IGI Underwriting is a tax-exempt company in Jordan. IGI Nordic AS is subject to income tax 
according to Norwegian tax law.

A. Operating Results

The following section reviews IGI’s results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 
2021. The discussion includes presentations of IGI’s results on a consolidated basis and on a segment-by-segment basis. 
As of January 1, 2023, IGI began to prepare its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Prior 
to January 1, 2023, IGI’s financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the International 
Accounting Standards Board. Accordingly, the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been 
prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 
2021, which were previously prepared in accordance with IFRS, are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

81

82

103

The following table summarizes IGI’s consolidated statement of income for the years indicated:

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Investment Income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net realized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on  

investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on  

receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . .  $ 

Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . .  $ 

688.7

(191.5)

497.2

(50.0)

447.2

40.4

6.7

2.7

0.4

(27.3)

1.9

472.0

(189.1)

(75.0)

(78.9)

(2.5)

(5.6)

5.1

(346.0)

126.0

(7.8)

118.2

2.58

2.55

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net realized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

582.0

(189.2)

392.8

(16.4)

376.4

20.9

(0.7)

(5.5)

(0.3)

4.6

2.4

397.8

(157.6)

(70.2)

(67.2)

(3.2)

(4.0)

(3.5)

92.1

(2.9)

89.2

1.85

1.84

688.7

(191.5)

497.2

(50.0)

447.2

40.4

6.7

2.7

0.4

(27.3)

1.9

472.0

537.2

(157.9)

379.3

(42.7)

336.6

14.5

0.3

(3.7)

(0.1)

0.7

2.1

350.4

(173.0)

(59.6)

(58.2)

(3.3)

(4.3)

(3.4)

48.6

(1.8)

46.8

0.98

0.98

582.0

(189.2)

392.8

(16.4)

376.4

20.9

(0.7)

(5.5)

(0.3)

4.6

2.4

397.8

(305.7)

(301.8)

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Losses, comprising amounts payable to contract holders and third parties and related loss adjustment expenses, 

net of salvage and other recoveries, are charged to income as incurred. Losses comprise the estimated amounts payable, 

in respect of losses reported to us and those not reported at the consolidated statement of financial position date.

We generally estimate our losses based on appointed loss adjusters or leading underwriters’ recommendations. 

In  addition,  a  provision  based  on  management’s  judgment  and  our  prior  experience  is  maintained  for  the  cost  of 

settling losses incurred but not reported at the consolidated statement of financial position date.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses constitute losses and loss adjustments expenses net of reinsurers’ share 

of loss.

Net policy acquisition expenses

Net policy acquisition expenses represent commissions paid in relation to the acquisition and renewal of insurance 

and  retrocession  contracts  which  are  deferred  and  expensed  over  the  same  period  over  which  the  corresponding 

premiums are recognized in accordance with the earning pattern of the underlying contract. Net policy acquisition 

expenses are net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under certain reinsurance contracts.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses is comprised of human resources expenses, business promotion, travel and 

entertainment expenses, statutory, advisory and rating expenses, information technology and software expenses, office 

operation expenses, depreciation and amortization, bank charges and board of directors’ expenses.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables includes an allowance for expected credit losses 

on premiums receivables and reinsurance recoverables.

Other expenses consist mainly of aircraft operational cost and depreciation.

Other expenses

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)

Income tax expense

according to Norwegian tax law.

A. Operating Results

Gain (loss) on foreign exchange represents gains and/or losses incurred as a result of foreign currency transactions.

Income tax expense reflects (1) income tax payable by IGI Labuan in accordance with the Labuan Business 

Activities  Tax  Act  1990,  (2)  tax  payable  by  IGI  Casablanca  pursuant  to  the  Casablanca  Finance  City  Tax  Code, 

(3)  corporate  tax  payable  by  IGI  UK  and  North  Star  Underwriting  Limited  in  accordance  with  UK  tax  law  and 

(4)  corporate  tax  payable  by  IGI  Europe  in  accordance  with  Malta  income  tax  law.  IGI  Bermuda  is  a  tax-exempt 

company.  IGI  Holdings  (a  DIFC-registered  company)  and  IGI  Dubai  are  not  subject  to  income  tax  according  to 

the UAE tax law, and IGI Underwriting is a tax-exempt company in Jordan. IGI Nordic AS is subject to income tax 

The following section reviews IGI’s results of operations during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 

2021. The discussion includes presentations of IGI’s results on a consolidated basis and on a segment-by-segment basis. 

As of January 1, 2023, IGI began to prepare its consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Prior 

to January 1, 2023, IGI’s financial statements were prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the International 

Accounting Standards Board. Accordingly, the results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 have been 

prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 

2021, which were previously prepared in accordance with IFRS, are presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Results of Operations — Consolidated

The following table summarizes IGI’s consolidated statement of income for the years indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Investment Income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net realized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on  

investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on  

receivables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . .  $ 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . .  $ 

2023

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions
582.0
(189.2)
392.8
(16.4)
376.4
20.9
(0.7)
(5.5)

688.7
(191.5)
497.2
(50.0)
447.2
40.4
6.7
2.7

0.4
(27.3)
1.9
472.0

(189.1)
(75.0)
(78.9)

(2.5)
(5.6)
5.1
(346.0)
126.0
(7.8)
118.2
2.58
2.55

(0.3)
4.6
2.4
397.8

(157.6)
(70.2)
(67.2)

(3.2)
(4.0)
(3.5)
(305.7)
92.1
(2.9)
89.2
1.85
1.84

2021

537.2
(157.9)
379.3
(42.7)
336.6
14.5
0.3
(3.7)

(0.1)
0.7
2.1
350.4

(173.0)
(59.6)
(58.2)

(3.3)
(4.3)
(3.4)
(301.8)
48.6
(1.8)
46.8
0.98
0.98

Year ended December 31, 2023 compared to year ended December 31, 2022 (Consolidated)

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net realized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Year Ended December 31
2022
2023

($) in millions
688.7
(191.5)
497.2
(50.0)
447.2
40.4
6.7
2.7
0.4
(27.3)
1.9
472.0

582.0
(189.2)
392.8
(16.4)
376.4
20.9
(0.7)
(5.5)
(0.3)
4.6
2.4
397.8

81

82

104

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Year Ended December 31
2022
2023

($) in millions

Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

(189.1)
(75.0)
(78.9)
(2.5)
(5.6)
5.1
(346.0)
126.0
(7.8)
118.2
2.58
2.55

(157.6)
(70.2)
(67.2)
(3.2)
(4.0)
(3.5)
(305.7)
92.1
(2.9)
89.2
1.85
1.84

Gross written premiums

Gross  written  premiums  increased  18.3%  from  $582.0  million  in  2022  to  $688.7  million  in  2023.  This 
was  primarily  due  to  26.2%  growth  (or  $83.3  million)  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment,  and  94.0%  growth  (or 
$29.6  million)  in  the  reinsurance  segment,  which  was  partially  offset  by  a  2.7%  decline  (or  $6.2  million)  in  the 
specialty long-tail segment. The increase in gross written premiums was the result of new business generated across 
most of the lines in our short-tail segment and our reinsurance segment, supported by the increase in overall premium 
renewal rates in these segments and benefitting from sustained hard market conditions in many of our reinsurance and 
short-tail lines.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums increased 1.2% from $189.2 million in 2022 to $191.5 million in 2023. The increase in 
ceded written premiums was due to the increase in gross written premiums, offset by a 10.7% decrease in facultative 
reinsurance purchases within the short-tail segment.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  increased  more  than  two-fold  from  expense  of  $16.4  million  in  2022  to 
expense of $50.0 million in 2023. The increase in net change in unearned premiums of $33.6 million was due to the 
increase in net written premiums in our short-tail segment and our reinsurance segment.

Net premiums earned

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned increased 18.8% from $376.4 million in 2022 to $447.2 million 

in 2023.

Investment income

Investment  income  (comprised  of  interest  and  dividend  income,  net  of  investment  custodian  fees  and  other 
investment expenses) increased 93.3% from $20.9 million in 2022 to $40.4 million in 2023. This was primarily due 
to a $19.4 million increase in interest income which was attributable to the rise in interest rates compared to the same 
period of 2022 along with a greater amount of funds invested in fixed maturity securities.

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Net realized gain (loss) on investments reflects a net gain of $6.7 million in 2023 compared to a net loss of 
$0.7 million in 2022. This change was primarily due to a realized gain on the sale of equity securities benefiting from 
positive market conditions.

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments reflects a net gain of $2.7 million in 2023 compared to a net loss of 

$5.5 million in 2022. This change was due to a mark to market revaluation gain recorded on equity securities and other 

investments during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to an unrealized loss in the year ended December 31, 

2022. This was offset by the unrealized loss on equity-method investments at fair value which decreased from a gain 

of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 to a loss of $1.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities decreased from a gain of $4.6 million in 2022 to a loss of 

$27.3 million in 2023. The change of $31.9 million was a result of (1) the increase in the fair value of warrants upon 

settlement of warrants in cash pursuant to the Company’s offer to purchase all of its outstanding warrants at an average 

purchase price of $0.95 per warrant in cash and related redemption of warrants, and (2) the increase in the fair value of 

the earnout shares which was driven by an increase in the quoted market price of IGI’s common shares, as the market 

price crossed the first tranche in the vesting schedule of the earnout shares.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses increased 20.0% from $157.6 million in 2022 to $189.1 million in 2023. 

This  was  primarily  due  to  the  increase  in  current  accident  year  losses  in  all  segments  in  2023  compared  to  2022, 

which also included a higher current year catastrophe (“CAT”) losses within the short-tail and reinsurance segments. 

The increase in current accident year losses was partially offset by  higher favorable development on loss reserves 

from prior accident years within the short-tail and reinsurance segments. See “Operating and Financial Review and 

Prospects — Reserves — Reserving Results & Development.”

IGI’s loss ratio increased by 0.4 percentage points from 41.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022 to 42.3% 

for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023. This  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  a  lower  favorable  development 

on  loss  reserves  from  prior  accident  years,  which  was  $39.3  million  or  8.8  percentage  points  for  the  year  ended 

December 31, 2023, compared to $42.0 million or 11.2 points for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the 

increase in IGI’s loss ratio was attributable to the higher current accident year CAT losses, which were $38.3 million 

or  8.6  points  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  to  $24.4  million  or  6.5  points  for  the  year  ended 

The tables below outline reported incurred losses on catastrophe events in the years ended December 31, 2023 

December 31, 2022.

and 2022.

Catastrophe Event

Turkey Earthquake  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cyclone Gabrielle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Hurricane Otis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Oman Adverse Weather Conditions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Hawaii Wildfires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

For the Year Ended 

December 31, 2023

Gross Incurred 

Net Incurred 

Amount

Amount

($ in millions)

10.6

4.4

7.5

1.3

1.1

9.2

8.2

42.3

9.3

3.1

2.5

1.2

1.1

8.3

4.1

29.6

83

84

105

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

Expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income before income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

(189.1)

(75.0)

(78.9)

(2.5)

(5.6)

5.1

(346.0)

126.0

(7.8)

118.2

2.58

2.55

(157.6)

(70.2)

(67.2)

(305.7)

(3.2)

(4.0)

(3.5)

92.1

(2.9)

89.2

1.85

1.84

Gross  written  premiums  increased  18.3%  from  $582.0  million  in  2022  to  $688.7  million  in  2023.  This 

was  primarily  due  to  26.2%  growth  (or  $83.3  million)  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment,  and  94.0%  growth  (or 

$29.6  million)  in  the  reinsurance  segment,  which  was  partially  offset  by  a  2.7%  decline  (or  $6.2  million)  in  the 

specialty long-tail segment. The increase in gross written premiums was the result of new business generated across 

most of the lines in our short-tail segment and our reinsurance segment, supported by the increase in overall premium 

renewal rates in these segments and benefitting from sustained hard market conditions in many of our reinsurance and 

Ceded written premiums increased 1.2% from $189.2 million in 2022 to $191.5 million in 2023. The increase in 

ceded written premiums was due to the increase in gross written premiums, offset by a 10.7% decrease in facultative 

reinsurance purchases within the short-tail segment.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  increased  more  than  two-fold  from  expense  of  $16.4  million  in  2022  to 

expense of $50.0 million in 2023. The increase in net change in unearned premiums of $33.6 million was due to the 

increase in net written premiums in our short-tail segment and our reinsurance segment.

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned increased 18.8% from $376.4 million in 2022 to $447.2 million 

Gross written premiums

short-tail lines.

Ceded written premiums

Net premiums earned

in 2023.

Investment income

Investment  income  (comprised  of  interest  and  dividend  income,  net  of  investment  custodian  fees  and  other 

investment expenses) increased 93.3% from $20.9 million in 2022 to $40.4 million in 2023. This was primarily due 

to a $19.4 million increase in interest income which was attributable to the rise in interest rates compared to the same 

period of 2022 along with a greater amount of funds invested in fixed maturity securities.

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Net realized gain (loss) on investments reflects a net gain of $6.7 million in 2023 compared to a net loss of 

$0.7 million in 2022. This change was primarily due to a realized gain on the sale of equity securities benefiting from 

positive market conditions.

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments reflects a net gain of $2.7 million in 2023 compared to a net loss of 
$5.5 million in 2022. This change was due to a mark to market revaluation gain recorded on equity securities and other 
investments during the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to an unrealized loss in the year ended December 31, 
2022. This was offset by the unrealized loss on equity-method investments at fair value which decreased from a gain 
of $0.3 million in the year ended December 31, 2022 to a loss of $1.4 million in the year ended December 31, 2023.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities decreased from a gain of $4.6 million in 2022 to a loss of 
$27.3 million in 2023. The change of $31.9 million was a result of (1) the increase in the fair value of warrants upon 
settlement of warrants in cash pursuant to the Company’s offer to purchase all of its outstanding warrants at an average 
purchase price of $0.95 per warrant in cash and related redemption of warrants, and (2) the increase in the fair value of 
the earnout shares which was driven by an increase in the quoted market price of IGI’s common shares, as the market 
price crossed the first tranche in the vesting schedule of the earnout shares.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses increased 20.0% from $157.6 million in 2022 to $189.1 million in 2023. 
This  was  primarily  due  to  the  increase  in  current  accident  year  losses  in  all  segments  in  2023  compared  to  2022, 
which also included a higher current year catastrophe (“CAT”) losses within the short-tail and reinsurance segments. 
The increase in current accident year losses  was partially offset by higher  favorable development on loss reserves 
from prior accident years within the short-tail and reinsurance segments. See “Operating and Financial Review and 
Prospects — Reserves — Reserving Results & Development.”

IGI’s loss ratio increased by 0.4 percentage points from 41.9% for the year ended December 31, 2022 to 42.3% 
for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023. This  increase  was  primarily  attributable  to  a  lower  favorable  development 
on  loss  reserves  from  prior  accident  years,  which  was  $39.3  million  or  8.8  percentage  points  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2023, compared to $42.0 million or 11.2 points for the year ended December 31, 2022. In addition, the 
increase in IGI’s loss ratio was attributable to the higher current accident year CAT losses, which were $38.3 million 
or  8.6  points  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  compared  to  $24.4  million  or  6.5  points  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2022.

The tables below outline reported incurred losses on catastrophe events in the years ended December 31, 2023 

and 2022.

Catastrophe Event
Turkey Earthquake  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cyclone Gabrielle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Hurricane Otis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Oman Adverse Weather Conditions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Hawaii Wildfires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 2023

Gross Incurred 
Amount

Net Incurred 
Amount

($ in millions)

10.6
4.4
7.5
1.3
1.1
9.2
8.2
42.3

9.3
3.1
2.5
1.2
1.1
8.3
4.1
29.6

83

84

106

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Catastrophe Event
Hurricane Ian  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Australia Floods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Adverse High Wind – Event Cancelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Typhoon Hinnamnor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Kuwait Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 2022

Gross Incurred 
Amount

Net Incurred 
Amount

($ in millions)

2.2
1.8
1.1
0.8
0.8
5.8
28.3
40.8

2.1
1.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
5.1
19.0
30.5

Net policy acquisition expenses increased 6.8% from $70.2 million in 2022 to $75.0 million in 2023. The net 
policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 18.7% compared to 16.8% for 2023. The decrease of 1.9 percentage 
points was primarily attributable to a higher retention ratio under the short-tail segment, coupled with growth in net 
premiums earned.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by 17.4% from $67.2 million in 2022 to $78.9 million in 2023. 

This was primarily due to new hires, professional fees and IT related expenses.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables decreased from $3.2 million in 2022 to $2.5 million 
in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to recording of an allowance in the year ended December 31, 2022 as a result of 
the economic sanctions imposed on Russia related to the invasion of Ukraine, which was largely reversed in the year 
ended December 31, 2023.

Other Expenses

Other expenses increased from $4.0 million in 2022 to $5.6 million in 2023. This increase was mainly due to 

$1.9 million of expenses related to the repurchase of and redemption of warrants for cash in 2023.

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)

Net  foreign  exchange  gain  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  $5.1  million  compared  to  a  loss  of 
$3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily attributable to a greater degree of positive 
currency  movement  in  our  major  transactional  currencies,  primarily  the  Pound  Sterling  and  the  Euro,  against  the 
U.S. Dollar.

currencies.

Ceded written premiums

Year ended December 31, 2022 compared to year ended December 31, 2021 (Consolidated)

Year Ended December 31

2022

2021

($) in millions

Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

397.8

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net realized (loss) gain on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net unrealized loss on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for credit losses on financial assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income before income tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Gross written premiums

582.0

(189.2)

392.8

(16.4)

376.4

20.9

(0.7)

(5.5)

(0.3)

4.6

2.4

(157.6)

(70.2)

(67.2)

(3.2)

(4.0)

(3.5)

92.1

(2.9)

89.2

1.85

1.84

537.2

(157.9)

379.3

(42.7)

336.6

14.5

0.3

(3.7)

(0.1)

0.7

2.1

350.4

(173.0)

(59.6)

(58.2)

(3.3)

(4.3)

(3.4)

48.6

(1.8)

46.8

0.98

0.98

Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

(305.7)

(301.8)

Gross written premiums increased 8.3% from $537.2 million in 2021 to $582.0 million in 2022. This was 

primarily due to 10.1% growth (or $29.0 million) in the specialty short-tail segment, 3.7% growth (or $8.4 million) 

in the specialty long-tail segment and 30.7% growth (or $7.4 million) in the reinsurance segment. The increase 

in  gross  written  premiums  was  primarily  due  to  new  business  generation  and  an  increase  in  overall  renewal 

premium rates by 5.8% on average, which was partially offset by currency exchange rates resulting in devaluation 

of premiums denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against these 

Ceded written premiums increased 19.8% from $157.9 million in 2021 to $189.2 million in 2022. The increase in 

ceded written premiums was due to an $18.4 million increase in facultative reinsurance purchases and an $11.6 million 

increase in non-proportional reinsurance purchases within the specialty short-tail segment primarily driven by growth 

in gross written premiums in the short-tail segment.

85

86

107

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Catastrophe Event

Hurricane Ian  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Australia Floods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Adverse High Wind – Event Cancelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Typhoon Hinnamnor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Kuwait Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses

For the Year Ended 

December 31, 2022

Gross Incurred 

Net Incurred 

Amount

Amount

($ in millions)

2.2

1.8

1.1

0.8

0.8

5.8

28.3

40.8

2.1

1.8

0.9

0.8

0.7

5.1

19.0

30.5

Net policy acquisition expenses increased 6.8% from $70.2 million in 2022 to $75.0 million in 2023. The net 

policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 18.7% compared to 16.8% for 2023. The decrease of 1.9 percentage 

points was primarily attributable to a higher retention ratio under the short-tail segment, coupled with growth in net 

premiums earned.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by 17.4% from $67.2 million in 2022 to $78.9 million in 2023. 

This was primarily due to new hires, professional fees and IT related expenses.

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables decreased from $3.2 million in 2022 to $2.5 million 

in 2023. This decrease was mainly due to recording of an allowance in the year ended December 31, 2022 as a result of 

the economic sanctions imposed on Russia related to the invasion of Ukraine, which was largely reversed in the year 

ended December 31, 2023.

Other Expenses

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)

Other expenses increased from $4.0 million in 2022 to $5.6 million in 2023. This increase was mainly due to 

$1.9 million of expenses related to the repurchase of and redemption of warrants for cash in 2023.

Net  foreign  exchange  gain  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023  was  $5.1  million  compared  to  a  loss  of 

$3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily attributable to a greater degree of positive 

currency  movement  in  our  major  transactional  currencies,  primarily  the  Pound  Sterling  and  the  Euro,  against  the 

U.S. Dollar.

Year ended December 31, 2022 compared to year ended December 31, 2021 (Consolidated)

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net premiums earned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net realized (loss) gain on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net unrealized loss on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Expenses
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
General and administrative expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for credit losses on financial assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income before income tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Gross written premiums

Year Ended December 31
2021
2022

($) in millions
582.0
(189.2)
392.8
(16.4)
376.4
20.9
(0.7)
(5.5)
(0.3)
4.6
2.4
397.8

(157.6)
(70.2)
(67.2)
(3.2)
(4.0)
(3.5)
(305.7)
92.1
(2.9)
89.2
1.85
1.84

537.2
(157.9)
379.3
(42.7)
336.6
14.5
0.3
(3.7)
(0.1)
0.7
2.1
350.4

(173.0)
(59.6)
(58.2)
(3.3)
(4.3)
(3.4)
(301.8)
48.6
(1.8)
46.8
0.98
0.98

Gross written premiums increased 8.3% from $537.2 million in 2021 to $582.0 million in 2022. This was 
primarily due to 10.1% growth (or $29.0 million) in the specialty short-tail segment, 3.7% growth (or $8.4 million) 
in the specialty long-tail segment and 30.7% growth (or $7.4 million) in the reinsurance segment. The increase 
in  gross  written  premiums  was  primarily  due  to  new  business  generation  and  an  increase  in  overall  renewal 
premium rates by 5.8% on average, which was partially offset by currency exchange rates resulting in devaluation 
of premiums denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro due to the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar against these 
currencies.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums increased 19.8% from $157.9 million in 2021 to $189.2 million in 2022. The increase in 
ceded written premiums was due to an $18.4 million increase in facultative reinsurance purchases and an $11.6 million 
increase in non-proportional reinsurance purchases within the specialty short-tail segment primarily driven by growth 
in gross written premiums in the short-tail segment.

85

86

108

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Net change in unearned premiums

The tables below outline reported incurred losses on catastrophe events in the years ended December 31, 2022 

Net change in unearned premiums decreased from an expense of $42.7 million in 2021 to an expense of 
$16.4 million in 2022. The decrease in net change in unearned premiums of $26.3 million was due to a higher rate 
of release of earned premiums written in prior years, principally in the short-tail segment, in 2022 compared to 
2021.

Net premiums earned

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned increased 11.8% from $336.6 million in 2021 to $376.4 million 

in 2022.

Investment income

Investment income increased 44.1% from $14.5 million in 2021 to $20.9 million in 2022. This was primarily 
due  to  a  $6.3  million  increase  in  interest  income  which  was  attributable  to  the  rise  in  interest  rates  compared  to 
the same period of 2021 along with a greater amount of funds invested in fixed maturity securities and bank term 
deposits.

Net unrealized loss on investments

Net unrealized loss on investments reflects a net loss of $5.5 million in 2022 compared to a net loss of $3.7 million 
in 2021. This change was primarily due to a mark to market revaluation loss of $5.8 million on equity securities in 
2022 compared to a $5.3 million unrealized loss on equity-method investment at fair value, offset by a $1.6 million 
mark to market revaluation gain on equity securities in 2021.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities increased from a gain of $0.7 million in 2021 to a gain of 
$4.6 million in 2022. This increase was due to the decrease in the fair market value of the warrants from $12.9 million 
as of December 31, 2021 to $10.0 million as of December 31, 2022, in addition to the decrease in the fair market value 
of the earnout shares from $15.5 million as of December 31, 2021 to $13.8 million as of December 31, 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  decreased  8.9%  from  $173.0  million  in  2021  to  $157.6  million  in 
2022. This was primarily due to a higher favorable development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2022 
compared  to  2021  and  a  favorable  foreign  currency  devaluation  impact  on  net  outstanding  claims  denominated  in 
Pound Sterling and Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar as a result of the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar in 2022. See 
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Reserves — Reserving 
Results & Development.”

IGI’s loss ratio decreased by 9.5 percentage points from 51.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 41.9% 
for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to a favorable development on loss 
reserves from prior accident years, which was $42.0 million or 11.2 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 
2022, compared to $16.1 million or 4.8 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2021. The higher favorable 
development  on  loss  reserves  from  prior  accident  years  in  2022  compared  to  2021  was  also  attributable  to  the 
currency devaluation impact on loss reserves denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar 
on a year-over-year basis. In addition, the decline in the loss ratio was attributable to the lower current accident year 
CAT losses, which were $24.4 million or 6.5 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 
$28.9 million or 8.6 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2021.

and 2021.

Catastrophe Event

Hurricane Ian  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Australia Floods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Adverse High Wind – Event Cancelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Typhoon Hinnamnor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Kuwait Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Catastrophe Event

European Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

South Africa Riots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Hurricane Ida  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cyclone Shaheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cyclone Nora  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses

For the Year Ended 

December 31, 2022

Gross Incurred 

Net Incurred 

Amount

Amount

($ in millions)

For the Year Ended 

December 31, 2021

Gross Incurred 

Net Incurred 

Amount

Amount

($ in millions)

2.2

1.8

1.1

0.8

0.8

5.8

28.3

40.8

6.8

5.8

2.5

0.7

0.5

3.0

15.9

35.2

2.1

1.8

0.9

0.8

0.7

5.1

19.0

30.5

6.8

4.4

2.5

0.6

0.5

2.2

13.3

30.3

Net  policy  acquisition  expenses  increased  17.8%  from  $59.6  million  in  2021  to  $70.2  million  in  2022. The 

increase was primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned in 2022 compared to 2021. The net policy acquisition 

expense ratio for 2021 was 17.7% compared to 18.7% for 2022.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by 15.5% from $58.2 million in 2021 to $67.2 million in 2022. 

This was primarily due to an increase in employee-related costs primarily as a result of increased salary costs due 

to  new  hires,  an  increase  in  business  travel  as  global  COVID-19  travel  restrictions  were  lifted,  and  investment  in 

technology infrastructure to support the Company’s growth.

87

88

109

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 20232021.

Net premiums earned

in 2022.

Investment income

deposits.

Net unrealized loss on investments

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned increased 11.8% from $336.6 million in 2021 to $376.4 million 

Investment income increased 44.1% from $14.5 million in 2021 to $20.9 million in 2022. This was primarily 

due  to  a  $6.3  million  increase  in  interest  income  which  was  attributable  to  the  rise  in  interest  rates  compared  to 

the same period of 2021 along with a greater amount of funds invested in fixed maturity securities and bank term 

Net unrealized loss on investments reflects a net loss of $5.5 million in 2022 compared to a net loss of $3.7 million 

in 2021. This change was primarily due to a mark to market revaluation loss of $5.8 million on equity securities in 

2022 compared to a $5.3 million unrealized loss on equity-method investment at fair value, offset by a $1.6 million 

mark to market revaluation gain on equity securities in 2021.

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities increased from a gain of $0.7 million in 2021 to a gain of 

$4.6 million in 2022. This increase was due to the decrease in the fair market value of the warrants from $12.9 million 

as of December 31, 2021 to $10.0 million as of December 31, 2022, in addition to the decrease in the fair market value 

of the earnout shares from $15.5 million as of December 31, 2021 to $13.8 million as of December 31, 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  decreased  8.9%  from  $173.0  million  in  2021  to  $157.6  million  in 

2022. This was primarily due to a higher favorable development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2022 

compared  to  2021  and  a  favorable  foreign  currency  devaluation  impact  on  net  outstanding  claims  denominated  in 

Pound Sterling and Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar as a result of the strengthening of the U.S. Dollar in 2022. See 

“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation — Reserves — Reserving 

Results & Development.”

IGI’s loss ratio decreased by 9.5 percentage points from 51.4% for the year ended December 31, 2021 to 41.9% 

for the year ended December 31, 2022. This decrease was primarily attributable to a favorable development on loss 

reserves from prior accident years, which was $42.0 million or 11.2 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 

2022, compared to $16.1 million or 4.8 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2021. The higher favorable 

development  on  loss  reserves  from  prior  accident  years  in  2022  compared  to  2021  was  also  attributable  to  the 

currency devaluation impact on loss reserves denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro compared to the U.S. Dollar 

on a year-over-year basis. In addition, the decline in the loss ratio was attributable to the lower current accident year 

CAT losses, which were $24.4 million or 6.5 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared to 

$28.9 million or 8.6 percentage points for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net change in unearned premiums

The tables below outline reported incurred losses on catastrophe events in the years ended December 31, 2022 

Net change in unearned premiums decreased from an expense of $42.7 million in 2021 to an expense of 

$16.4 million in 2022. The decrease in net change in unearned premiums of $26.3 million was due to a higher rate 

of release of earned premiums written in prior years, principally in the short-tail segment, in 2022 compared to 

and 2021.

Catastrophe Event
Hurricane Ian  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Australia Floods  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Adverse High Wind – Event Cancelation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Typhoon Hinnamnor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Kuwait Flood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Catastrophe Event
European Floods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
South Africa Riots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Hurricane Ida  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cyclone Shaheen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cyclone Nora  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Provided during the year related to prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net policy acquisition expenses

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 2022

Gross Incurred 
Amount

Net Incurred 
Amount

($ in millions)

2.2
1.8
1.1
0.8
0.8
5.8
28.3
40.8

2.1
1.8
0.9
0.8
0.7
5.1
19.0
30.5

For the Year Ended 
December 31, 2021

Gross Incurred 
Amount

Net Incurred 
Amount

($ in millions)

6.8
5.8
2.5
0.7
0.5
3.0
15.9
35.2

6.8
4.4
2.5
0.6
0.5
2.2
13.3
30.3

Net  policy  acquisition  expenses  increased  17.8%  from  $59.6  million  in  2021  to  $70.2  million  in  2022. The 
increase was primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned in 2022 compared to 2021. The net policy acquisition 
expense ratio for 2021 was 17.7% compared to 18.7% for 2022.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses increased by 15.5% from $58.2 million in 2021 to $67.2 million in 2022. 
This was primarily due to an increase in employee-related costs primarily as a result of increased salary costs due 
to  new  hires,  an  increase  in  business  travel  as  global  COVID-19  travel  restrictions  were  lifted,  and  investment  in 
technology infrastructure to support the Company’s growth.

87

88

110

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Results of Operations — Specialty Long-tail Segment

Net premiums earned

The  following  table  summarizes  the  results  of  operations  of  IGI’s  specialty  long-tail  segment  for  the  years 

indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions
233.1
(65.6)
167.5
(0.1)
167.4
(50.5)
(33.1)
83.8

226.9
(73.9)
153.0
4.8
157.8
(69.2)
(31.2)
57.4

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisition expense ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43.9%
19.8%

30.2%
19.8%

Gross written premiums

2021

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

224.7
(56.7)
168.0
(4.2)
163.8
(84.7)
(29.9)
49.2

51.7%
18.3%

Gross  written  premiums  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  decreased  2.7%  from  $233.1  million  in  2022  to 
$226.9 million in 2023. This was primarily due to a negative rate movement of 1.2% in renewed business and the 
decline in new business because of the cautious and selective approach driven by the softness in the market for this 
segment which in several previous years demonstrated compounded growth.

Gross  written  premiums  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  increased  3.7%  from  $224.7  million  in  2021  to 
$233.1 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the professional lines of business due to 
a  positive  rate  movement  of  9.4%  in  renewed  business  which  in  turn  was  largely  offset  by  the  increased  currency 
devaluation impact on Pound Sterling-denominated premiums in 2022 compared to 2021. The increase in professional 
lines was partially offset by a decrease in renewal business and lower positive rate movement in the financial institutions 
line of business.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from $65.6 million in 2022 to $73.9 million 
in  2023. The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  increased  quota  share  reinsurance  purchases  in  the  professional  lines 
and  financial  institutions  line  of  business,  in  addition  to  increased  non-proportional  reinsurance  purchases  in  the 
professional lines.

Ceded written premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from $56.7 million in 2021 to $65.6 million 
in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in non-proportional reinstatement premium cost incurred in the 
financial institutions line of business relating to the attributable non proportional reinsurance recoveries in that line 
of business.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net change in unearned premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from expense of $0.1 million 
in  2022  to  income  of  $4.8  million  in  2023. The  net  change  was  primarily  driven  by  the  decrease  in  gross  written 
premiums, coupled with higher release of earned premiums related to prior underwriting years in 2023 compared to 
2022.

Net change in unearned premiums in the specialty long-tail segment decreased from expense of $4.2 million in 
2021 to expense of $0.1 million in 2022. The net change was primarily driven by higher release of earned premiums 
related to prior underwriting years in 2022 compared to 2021.

89

90

111

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  decreased  5.7%  from 

$167.4 million in 2022 to $157.8 million in 2023, and net premiums earned in the specialty long-tail segment increased 

2.2% from $163.8 million in 2021 to $167.4 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty long-tail segment increased by 37.0% from $50.5 million 

in 2022 to $69.2 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in current accident year losses of $5.8 million 

within  this  segment  on  a  comparative  basis,  in  addition  to  $12.9  million  of  lower  favorable  development  on  loss 

reserves from prior accident years in 2023 compared to 2022.

The loss ratios in the long-tail segment were 30.2% and 43.9% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The increase in 

the ratio was mainly driven by a higher level of net loss and loss adjustment expenses and lower net premiums earned 

on a comparative basis. Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty long-tail segment decreased by 40.4% 

from $84.7 million in 2021 to $50.5 million in 2022. This was primarily due to higher favorable development of net 

loss reserves from prior accident years, which were also positively affected by the currency devaluation impact on loss 

reserves denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro in 2022.

The loss ratios in the long-tail segment were 51.7% and 30.2% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in 

the ratio was mainly driven by a lower level of net loss and loss adjustment expenses and higher net premiums earned 

on a comparative basis.

Policy acquisition expenses

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty long-tail segment decreased by 5.7% from $33.1 million in 2022 to 

$31.2 million in 2023. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for each of 2023 and 2022 was 19.8%.

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty long-tail segment increased by 10.7% from $29.9 million in 2021 

to $33.1 million in 2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 19.8% compared to 18.3% for 2021.

Results of Operations — Specialty Short-tail Segment

The  following  table  summarizes  the  results  of  operations  of  IGI’s  specialty  short-tail  segment  for  the  years 

indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisition expenses ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross written premiums

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

400.7

(117.6)

283.1

(46.9)

236.2

(93.1)

(36.0)

107.1

39.4%

15.2%

317.4

(123.6)

193.8

(15.1)

178.7

(90.0)

(31.5)

57.2

50.4%

17.6%

288.4

(101.2)

187.2

(35.2)

152.0

(72.4)

(26.3)

53.3

47.6%

17.3%

Gross written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 26.2% from $317.4 million in 2022 to 

$400.7 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in average renewal premium rates of 9.0% and growth in 

new business in 2023. Most of our lines of business contributed to growth in gross written premiums in this segment.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Results of Operations — Specialty Long-tail Segment

Net premiums earned

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  decreased  5.7%  from 
$167.4 million in 2022 to $157.8 million in 2023, and net premiums earned in the specialty long-tail segment increased 
2.2% from $163.8 million in 2021 to $167.4 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty long-tail segment increased by 37.0% from $50.5 million 
in 2022 to $69.2 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in current accident year losses of $5.8 million 
within  this  segment  on  a  comparative  basis,  in  addition  to  $12.9  million  of  lower  favorable  development  on  loss 
reserves from prior accident years in 2023 compared to 2022.

The loss ratios in the long-tail segment were 30.2% and 43.9% in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The increase in 
the ratio was mainly driven by a higher level of net loss and loss adjustment expenses and lower net premiums earned 
on a comparative basis. Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty long-tail segment decreased by 40.4% 
from $84.7 million in 2021 to $50.5 million in 2022. This was primarily due to higher favorable development of net 
loss reserves from prior accident years, which were also positively affected by the currency devaluation impact on loss 
reserves denominated in Pound Sterling and Euro in 2022.

The loss ratios in the long-tail segment were 51.7% and 30.2% in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in 
the ratio was mainly driven by a lower level of net loss and loss adjustment expenses and higher net premiums earned 
on a comparative basis.

Policy acquisition expenses

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty long-tail segment decreased by 5.7% from $33.1 million in 2022 to 

$31.2 million in 2023. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for each of 2023 and 2022 was 19.8%.

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty long-tail segment increased by 10.7% from $29.9 million in 2021 

to $33.1 million in 2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 19.8% compared to 18.3% for 2021.

Results of Operations — Specialty Short-tail Segment

The  following  table  summarizes  the  results  of  operations  of  IGI’s  specialty  short-tail  segment  for  the  years 

indicated:

The  following  table  summarizes  the  results  of  operations  of  IGI’s  specialty  long-tail  segment  for  the  years 

indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisition expense ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross written premiums

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

226.9

(73.9)

153.0

4.8

157.8

(69.2)

(31.2)

57.4

43.9%

19.8%

233.1

(65.6)

167.5

(0.1)

167.4

(50.5)

(33.1)

83.8

30.2%

19.8%

224.7

(56.7)

168.0

(4.2)

163.8

(84.7)

(29.9)

49.2

51.7%

18.3%

Gross  written  premiums  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  decreased  2.7%  from  $233.1  million  in  2022  to 

$226.9 million in 2023. This was primarily due to a negative rate movement of 1.2% in renewed business and the 

decline in new business because of the cautious and selective approach driven by the softness in the market for this 

segment which in several previous years demonstrated compounded growth.

Gross  written  premiums  in  the  specialty  long-tail  segment  increased  3.7%  from  $224.7  million  in  2021  to 

$233.1 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in the professional lines of business due to 

a  positive  rate  movement  of  9.4%  in  renewed  business  which  in  turn  was  largely  offset  by  the  increased  currency 

devaluation impact on Pound Sterling-denominated premiums in 2022 compared to 2021. The increase in professional 

lines was partially offset by a decrease in renewal business and lower positive rate movement in the financial institutions 

line of business.

Ceded written premiums

professional lines.

of business.

Net change in unearned premiums

Ceded written premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from $65.6 million in 2022 to $73.9 million 

in  2023. The  increase  was  primarily  due  to  increased  quota  share  reinsurance  purchases  in  the  professional  lines 

and  financial  institutions  line  of  business,  in  addition  to  increased  non-proportional  reinsurance  purchases  in  the 

Ceded written premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from $56.7 million in 2021 to $65.6 million 

in 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in non-proportional reinstatement premium cost incurred in the 

financial institutions line of business relating to the attributable non proportional reinsurance recoveries in that line 

Net change in unearned premiums in the specialty long-tail segment increased from expense of $0.1 million 

in  2022  to  income  of  $4.8  million  in  2023. The  net  change  was  primarily  driven  by  the  decrease  in  gross  written 

premiums, coupled with higher release of earned premiums related to prior underwriting years in 2023 compared to 

2022.

Net change in unearned premiums in the specialty long-tail segment decreased from expense of $4.2 million in 

2021 to expense of $0.1 million in 2022. The net change was primarily driven by higher release of earned premiums 

related to prior underwriting years in 2022 compared to 2021.

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisition expenses ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

39.4%
15.2%

50.4%
17.6%

Gross written premiums

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions
317.4
(123.6)
193.8
(15.1)
178.7
(90.0)
(31.5)
57.2

2021

288.4
(101.2)
187.2
(35.2)
152.0
(72.4)
(26.3)
53.3

47.6%
17.3%

400.7
(117.6)
283.1
(46.9)
236.2
(93.1)
(36.0)
107.1

2023

89

90

Gross written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 26.2% from $317.4 million in 2022 to 
$400.7 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in average renewal premium rates of 9.0% and growth in 
new business in 2023. Most of our lines of business contributed to growth in gross written premiums in this segment.

112

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Gross written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 10.1% from $288.4 million in 2021 
to $317.4 million in 2022. The increase in gross written premiums was in all lines of business, other than in ports 
and terminals and engineering, primarily due to new business generated across all lines of business, as well as rate 
increases on existing business of 5.2%.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment decreased by 4.9% from $123.6 million in 2022 to 

$117.6 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily due to lower facultative reinsurance purchases recorded.

Ceded written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 22.1% from $101.2 million in 2021 to 

$123.6 million in 2022. This increase was primarily due to an increase in facultative reinsurance purchases.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  increased  from  an  expense  of  $15.1  million  in  2022  to  an  expense  of 
$46.9 million in 2023. This increase was in line with the increase in net written premiums recorded in this segment on 
a comparative basis.

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  decreased  from  an  expense  of  $35.2  million  in  2021  to  an  expense  of 
$15.1 million in 2022. The decrease was due to a higher release of earned premiums written in prior years in 2022 
compared to 2021.

Net premiums earned

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment  increased  32.2%  from 

$178.7 million in 2022 to $236.2 million in 2023.

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment  increased  17.6%  from 

$152.0 million in 2021 to $178.7 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 3.4% from $90.0 million 
in 2022 to $93.1 million in 2023. This was primarily due to a $10.4 million increase in current accident losses, offset 
by $7.3 million of higher favorable development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2023 compared to 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 24.3% from $72.4 million 
in  2021  to  $90.0  million  in  2022. This  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  current  accident  year  losses. This  was 
partially offset by net favorable development of net loss reserves from prior accident years for most lines of business in 
the short-tail segment, which were positively affected by the currency devaluation impact on loss reserves denominated 
in Euro.

The short-tail segment loss ratio decreased by 11.0 percentage points to 39.4% for the year ended December 31, 
2023 as compared to 50.4% during the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in the ratio was mainly driven by 
higher net premiums earned on a comparative basis.

The short-tail segment loss ratio decreased by 2.8 percentage points to 50.4% for the year ended December 31, 

2022 as compared to 47.6% during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net policy acquisition expenses

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 14.3% from $31.5 million in 2022 
to $36.0 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in net premiums earned in 2023 compared to 
2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2023 was 15.2% compared to 17.6% in 2022. The decrease in the net 
policy acquisition expense ratio was primarily attributable to a higher retention ratio in the short-tail segment, coupled 
with growth in net premiums earned.

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 19.8% from $26.3 million in 2021 

to $31.5 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned in 2022 compared to 

2021. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 17.6% compared to 17.3% in 2021.

Results of Operations — Reinsurance Segment

The following table summarizes the results of operations of IGI’s reinsurance segment for the years indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net policy acquisition expenses ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gross written premiums

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

61.1

—

61.1

(7.9)

53.2

(26.8)

(7.8)

18.6

50.4%

14.7%

31.5

—

31.5

(1.2)

30.3

(17.1)

(5.6)

7.6

56.4%

18.5%

24.1

—

24.1

(3.3)

20.8

(15.9)

(3.4)

1.5

76.4%

16.3%

Gross written premiums in the reinsurance segment increased 94.0% from $31.5 million in 2022 to $61.1 million 

in  2023,  benefitting  from  growth  in  both  new  business  premiums  and  renewal  premiums  under  proportional  and 

non-proportional lines of business. Also, growth in gross written premiums was supported by the increase in average 

renewal premium rates of 25.4%.

Gross written premiums in the reinsurance segment increased 30.7% from $24.1 million in 2021 to $31.5 million 

in 2022, primarily due to growth in new and renewal premiums and the increase in average renewal premium rates of 

Net change in unearned premiums in the reinsurance segment increased from an expense of $1.2 million in 2022 

to an expense of $7.9 million in 2023. This increase was in line with the increase in net written premiums recorded in 

Net change in unearned premiums in the reinsurance segment decreased from an expense of $3.3 million in 2021 

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned in the reinsurance segment increased 75.6% from $30.3 million 

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned in the reinsurance segment increased 45.7% from $20.8 million 

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the reinsurance segment increased 56.7% from $17.1 million in 2022 to 

$26.8 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in current year accident year losses by $14.0 million on 

a comparative basis, which also included a higher level of catastrophe losses, mainly related to the Turkey earthquake 

in 2023. The increase in current year losses was partially offset by a positive change of $4.3 million from unfavorable 

development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2022 compared to favorable development in 2023.

5.4%.

Net change in unearned premiums

this segment on a comparative basis.

to an expense $1.2 million in 2022.

Net premiums earned

in 2022 to $53.2 million in 2023.

in 2021 to $30.3 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

91

92

113

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023increases on existing business of 5.2%.

Ceded written premiums

Ceded written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment decreased by 4.9% from $123.6 million in 2022 to 

$117.6 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily due to lower facultative reinsurance purchases recorded.

Ceded written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 22.1% from $101.2 million in 2021 to 

$123.6 million in 2022. This increase was primarily due to an increase in facultative reinsurance purchases.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  increased  from  an  expense  of  $15.1  million  in  2022  to  an  expense  of 

$46.9 million in 2023. This increase was in line with the increase in net written premiums recorded in this segment on 

Net  change  in  unearned  premiums  decreased  from  an  expense  of  $35.2  million  in  2021  to  an  expense  of 

$15.1 million in 2022. The decrease was due to a higher release of earned premiums written in prior years in 2022 

a comparative basis.

compared to 2021.

Net premiums earned

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment  increased  32.2%  from 

$178.7 million in 2022 to $236.2 million in 2023.

As  a  result  of  the  foregoing,  net  premiums  earned  in  the  specialty  short-tail  segment  increased  17.6%  from 

$152.0 million in 2021 to $178.7 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 3.4% from $90.0 million 

in 2022 to $93.1 million in 2023. This was primarily due to a $10.4 million increase in current accident losses, offset 

by $7.3 million of higher favorable development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2023 compared to 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 24.3% from $72.4 million 

in  2021  to  $90.0  million  in  2022. This  was  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  current  accident  year  losses. This  was 

partially offset by net favorable development of net loss reserves from prior accident years for most lines of business in 

the short-tail segment, which were positively affected by the currency devaluation impact on loss reserves denominated 

in Euro.

The short-tail segment loss ratio decreased by 11.0 percentage points to 39.4% for the year ended December 31, 

2023 as compared to 50.4% during the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in the ratio was mainly driven by 

higher net premiums earned on a comparative basis.

The short-tail segment loss ratio decreased by 2.8 percentage points to 50.4% for the year ended December 31, 

2022 as compared to 47.6% during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net policy acquisition expenses

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 14.3% from $31.5 million in 2022 

to $36.0 million in 2023. The increase was primarily due to an increase in net premiums earned in 2023 compared to 

2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2023 was 15.2% compared to 17.6% in 2022. The decrease in the net 

policy acquisition expense ratio was primarily attributable to a higher retention ratio in the short-tail segment, coupled 

with growth in net premiums earned.

Gross written premiums in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 10.1% from $288.4 million in 2021 

to $317.4 million in 2022. The increase in gross written premiums was in all lines of business, other than in ports 

and terminals and engineering, primarily due to new business generated across all lines of business, as well as rate 

Policy acquisition expenses in the specialty short-tail segment increased by 19.8% from $26.3 million in 2021 
to $31.5 million in 2022. The increase was primarily due to the increase in net premiums earned in 2022 compared to 
2021. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 17.6% compared to 17.3% in 2021.

Results of Operations — Reinsurance Segment

The following table summarizes the results of operations of IGI’s reinsurance segment for the years indicated:

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in unearned premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net premiums earned (a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisitions expenses (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions
31.5
—
31.5
(1.2)
30.3
(17.1)
(5.6)
7.6

61.1
—
61.1
(7.9)
53.2
(26.8)
(7.8)
18.6

Loss ratio (b)/(a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net policy acquisition expenses ratio (c)/(a)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50.4%
14.7%

56.4%
18.5%

Gross written premiums

2021

24.1
—
24.1
(3.3)
20.8
(15.9)
(3.4)
1.5

76.4%
16.3%

Gross written premiums in the reinsurance segment increased 94.0% from $31.5 million in 2022 to $61.1 million 
in  2023,  benefitting  from  growth  in  both  new  business  premiums  and  renewal  premiums  under  proportional  and 
non-proportional lines of business. Also, growth in gross written premiums was supported by the increase in average 
renewal premium rates of 25.4%.

Gross written premiums in the reinsurance segment increased 30.7% from $24.1 million in 2021 to $31.5 million 
in 2022, primarily due to growth in new and renewal premiums and the increase in average renewal premium rates of 
5.4%.

Net change in unearned premiums

Net change in unearned premiums in the reinsurance segment increased from an expense of $1.2 million in 2022 
to an expense of $7.9 million in 2023. This increase was in line with the increase in net written premiums recorded in 
this segment on a comparative basis.

Net change in unearned premiums in the reinsurance segment decreased from an expense of $3.3 million in 2021 

to an expense $1.2 million in 2022.

Net premiums earned

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned in the reinsurance segment increased 75.6% from $30.3 million 

in 2022 to $53.2 million in 2023.

As a result of the foregoing, net premiums earned in the reinsurance segment increased 45.7% from $20.8 million 

in 2021 to $30.3 million in 2022.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the reinsurance segment increased 56.7% from $17.1 million in 2022 to 
$26.8 million in 2023. This was primarily due to the increase in current year accident year losses by $14.0 million on 
a comparative basis, which also included a higher level of catastrophe losses, mainly related to the Turkey earthquake 
in 2023. The increase in current year losses was partially offset by a positive change of $4.3 million from unfavorable 
development on loss reserves from prior accident years in 2022 compared to favorable development in 2023.

91

92

114

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 7.5% from $15.9 million in 2021 

Return  on  average  equity  and  core  operating  return  on  average  equity,  which  are  both  non-GAAP  financial 

to $17.1 million in 2022.

measures, represent the returns generated on common shareholders’ equity during the year.

Loss ratios for the reinsurance segment for the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as 

follows:

• 

• 

• 

50.4% in 2023

56.4% in 2022

76.4% in 2021

The  decrease  in  the  loss  ratios  in  2023  and  2022  was  mainly  driven  by  higher  net  premiums  earned  on  a 

comparative basis.

Net policy acquisition expenses

Net policy acquisition expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 39.3% from $5.6 million in 2022 to 
$7.8 million in 2023. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2023 was 14.7% compared to 18.5% for 2022. 
The  decrease  in  the  net  policy  acquisition  expense  ratio  was  primarily  attributable  to  growth  in  net  premiums 
earned.

Net policy acquisition expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 64.7% from $3.4 million in 2021 to 

$5.6 million in 2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 18.5% compared to 16.3% for 2021.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In presenting our results, management has included and discussed certain non-GAAP financial measures. We 
believe that these non-GAAP measures, which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies, explain 
and enhance investor understanding of our results of operations. However, these measures should not be viewed as a 
substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Core operating income

“Core operating income” measures the performance of our operations without the influence of after-tax gains 
or losses on investments and foreign currencies and other items as noted in the table below. We exclude these items 
from our calculation of core operating income because the amount of these gains and losses is heavily influenced by, 
and fluctuates in part according to, economic and other factors external to the Company and/or transactions or events 
that are typically not a recurring part of, and are largely independent of, our core underwriting activities and including 
them distorts the analysis of trends in our operations. We believe the reporting of core operating income enhances 
an  understanding  of  our  results  by  highlighting  the  underlying  profitability  of  our  core  insurance  operations.  Our 
underwriting profitability is impacted by earned premium growth, the adequacy of pricing, and the frequency and 
severity of losses. Over time, such profitability is also influenced by underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage 
the  Company’s  exposure  to  loss  through  favorable  risk  selection  and  diversification,  IGI’s  management  of  claims, 
the use of reinsurance and the ability to  manage the expense ratio, which the Company accomplishes through the 
management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses.

In addition to presenting net income for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that 
showing “core operating income” provides investors with a valuable measure of profitability and enables investors, 
rating agencies and other users of our financial information to more easily analyze the Company’s results in a manner 
similar  to  how  management  analyzes  the  Company’s  underlying  business  performance.  Core  operating  income  is 
calculated by the addition or subtraction of certain income statement line items from net income for the year, the most 
directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, as illustrated in the table below.

93

94

115

Net income for the year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118.2

89.2

46.8

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

Reconciling items between net income for the period and  

core operating income:

Net realized (gain) loss on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net unrealized (gain) loss on investments (tax adjusted)(1) . . . .

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on 

investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . .

Expenses related to conversion of warrants in cash(2) . . . . . . . .

Net foreign exchange (gain) loss (tax adjusted)(1) . . . . . . . . . . .

Core operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Average shareholders’ equity(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Return on average equity(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Core operating return on average equity(4) and (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic core operating earnings per share(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted core operating earnings per share(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(6.7)

(2.6)

(0.4)

27.3

1.9

(3.9)

133.8

475.7

24.8%

28.1%

2.92

2.88

8.5

—

42.9

43.5

2.92

2.88

0.7

5.4

0.4

(4.6)

—

2.8

93.9

396.0

22.5%

23.7%

1.95

1.94

93.9

5..2

0.1

88.6

45.5

45.7

1.95

1.94

(0.3)

3.8

0.1

(0.7)

—

3.3

53.0

369.6

12.7%

14.3%

1.11

1.11

53.0

2.4

0.1

50.5

45.5

45.5

1.11

1.11

(1)  Represents a non-GAAP financial measure as line-item balances have been adjusted for the related tax impact.

(2) 

This expense is included in the ‘Other expenses’ line item in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

(3)  Represents the total shareholders’ equity at the reporting period end plus the total shareholders’ equity as of the beginning of 

the reporting period, divided by 2.

(4)  Return on average equity and core operating return on average equity, both non-GAAP financial measures, represent the 

returns generated on common shareholders’ equity during the year.

(5)  Represents core operating income for the year divided by average shareholders’ equity.

(6)  Represents  core  operating  income  attributable  to  vested  equity  holders  divided  by  weighted  average  number  of  vested 

common shares diluted as follows:

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

2021

(in millions of U.S. Dollars, except per share information)

Core operating income for the year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133.8

shareholders (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

125.3

Minus: Core operating income attributable to the earnout 

shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Minus: Dividends attributable to the restricted share awards . .

Core operating income available to common 

Weighted average number of shares – basic (in millions of 

shares) (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weighted average number of shares – diluted (in millions of 

shares) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic core operating earnings per share (a/b)  . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted core operating earnings per share (a/c) . . . . . . . . . .

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our  principal  sources  of  capital  are  equity  and  external  reinsurance. The  principal  sources  of  funds  for  our 

operations are insurance and reinsurance premiums and investment returns. The principal uses of our funds are to pay 

claims benefits, related expenses, other operating costs and dividends to shareholders.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023to $17.1 million in 2022.

follows:

• 

• 

• 

50.4% in 2023

56.4% in 2022

76.4% in 2021

comparative basis.

Net policy acquisition expenses

The  decrease  in  the  loss  ratios  in  2023  and  2022  was  mainly  driven  by  higher  net  premiums  earned  on  a 

Net policy acquisition expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 39.3% from $5.6 million in 2022 to 

$7.8 million in 2023. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2023 was 14.7% compared to 18.5% for 2022. 

The  decrease  in  the  net  policy  acquisition  expense  ratio  was  primarily  attributable  to  growth  in  net  premiums 

earned.

Net policy acquisition expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 64.7% from $3.4 million in 2021 to 

$5.6 million in 2022. The net policy acquisition expense ratio for 2022 was 18.5% compared to 16.3% for 2021.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In presenting our results, management has included and discussed certain non-GAAP financial measures. We 

believe that these non-GAAP measures, which may be defined and calculated differently by other companies, explain 

and enhance investor understanding of our results of operations. However, these measures should not be viewed as a 

substitute for those determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Core operating income

“Core operating income” measures the performance of our operations without the influence of after-tax gains 

or losses on investments and foreign currencies and other items as noted in the table below. We exclude these items 

from our calculation of core operating income because the amount of these gains and losses is heavily influenced by, 

and fluctuates in part according to, economic and other factors external to the Company and/or transactions or events 

that are typically not a recurring part of, and are largely independent of, our core underwriting activities and including 

them distorts the analysis of trends in our operations. We believe the reporting of core operating income enhances 

an  understanding  of  our  results  by  highlighting  the  underlying  profitability  of  our  core  insurance  operations.  Our 

underwriting profitability is impacted by earned premium growth, the adequacy of pricing, and the frequency and 

severity of losses. Over time, such profitability is also influenced by underwriting discipline, which seeks to manage 

the  Company’s  exposure  to  loss  through  favorable  risk  selection  and  diversification,  IGI’s  management  of  claims, 

the use of reinsurance and the ability to  manage the  expense ratio, which the Company accomplishes through the 

management of acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses.

In addition to presenting net income for the period determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we believe that 

showing “core operating income” provides investors with a valuable measure of profitability and enables investors, 

rating agencies and other users of our financial information to more easily analyze the Company’s results in a manner 

similar  to  how  management  analyzes  the  Company’s  underlying  business  performance.  Core  operating  income  is 

calculated by the addition or subtraction of certain income statement line items from net income for the year, the most 

directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measure, as illustrated in the table below.

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses in the reinsurance segment increased by 7.5% from $15.9 million in 2021 

Return  on  average  equity  and  core  operating  return  on  average  equity,  which  are  both  non-GAAP  financial 

measures, represent the returns generated on common shareholders’ equity during the year.

Loss ratios for the reinsurance segment for the three years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 were as 

2023

Net income for the year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reconciling items between net income for the period and  

core operating income:

Net realized (gain) loss on investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net unrealized (gain) loss on investments (tax adjusted)(1) . . . .
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on 

investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  . . . . . . .
Expenses related to conversion of warrants in cash(2) . . . . . . . .
Net foreign exchange (gain) loss (tax adjusted)(1) . . . . . . . . . . .
Core operating income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average shareholders’ equity(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Return on average equity(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Core operating return on average equity(4) and (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic core operating earnings per share(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted core operating earnings per share(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions
89.2

118.2

(6.7)
(2.6)

(0.4)
27.3
1.9
(3.9)
133.8
475.7
24.8%
28.1%
2.92
2.88

0.7
5.4

0.4
(4.6)
—
2.8
93.9
396.0
22.5%
23.7%
1.95
1.94

2021

46.8

(0.3)
3.8

0.1
(0.7)
—
3.3
53.0
369.6
12.7%
14.3%
1.11
1.11

(1)  Represents a non-GAAP financial measure as line-item balances have been adjusted for the related tax impact.
(2) 
(3)  Represents the total shareholders’ equity at the reporting period end plus the total shareholders’ equity as of the beginning of 

This expense is included in the ‘Other expenses’ line item in the Consolidated Statement of Income.

the reporting period, divided by 2.

(4)  Return on average equity and core operating return on average equity, both non-GAAP financial measures, represent the 

returns generated on common shareholders’ equity during the year.

(5)  Represents core operating income for the year divided by average shareholders’ equity.
(6)  Represents  core  operating  income  attributable  to  vested  equity  holders  divided  by  weighted  average  number  of  vested 

common shares diluted as follows:

(in millions of U.S. Dollars, except per share information)
Core operating income for the year. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minus: Core operating income attributable to the earnout 

shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Minus: Dividends attributable to the restricted share awards . .
Core operating income available to common 

shareholders (a) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weighted average number of shares – basic (in millions of 

shares) (b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weighted average number of shares – diluted (in millions of 

shares) (c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic core operating earnings per share (a/b)  . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted core operating earnings per share (a/c) . . . . . . . . . .

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Year Ended December 31
2022

2021

2023

133.8

8.5
—

125.3

42.9

43.5
2.92
2.88

93.9

5..2
0.1

88.6

45.5

45.7
1.95
1.94

53.0

2.4
0.1

50.5

45.5

45.5
1.11
1.11

Our  principal  sources  of  capital  are  equity  and  external  reinsurance. The  principal  sources  of  funds  for  our 
operations are insurance and reinsurance premiums and investment returns. The principal uses of our funds are to pay 
claims benefits, related expenses, other operating costs and dividends to shareholders.

93

94

116

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          We  have  not  historically  incurred  debt. As  of  December  31,  2023,  we  had  $1.8  million  of  letters  of  credit 
outstanding to the order of reinsurance companies for collateralizing insurance contract liabilities in accordance with 
reinsurance  arrangements. As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  had  $2.9  million  of  letters  of  credit.  In  addition,  as  of 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding an approximately $0.3 million letter of guarantee for the benefit 
of Friends Provident Life Assurance Limited for collateralizing IGI’s rent payment obligation for one of its offices.

Our current arrangements with bankers for the issue of letters of credit require us to provide collateral in the 
form of investments whereby the issued letters of credit do not exceed 70% of the collateralized investment. As at 
December 31, 2023 and 2022, these investments amounted to $2.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. We do not 
consider that this unduly restricts our liquidity at this time.

In 2021, we signed a legally non-binding agreement with the University of California, San Francisco Foundation 
to contribute an aggregate amount of $1.25 million in five installments over five years to support cancer research 
projects. As of December 31, 2023, we have paid $0.75 million and the remaining two instalments totaling $0.5 million 
will be made equally between 2024 and 2025.

We  have  historically  paid  regular  dividends  to  our  shareholders.  In  March  2021,  we  declared  a  dividend  of 
$0.17 per share, and in August 2021 we declared a dividend of $0.16 per share. In March 2022, we declared a dividend 
of $0.19 per share, in May, August and November 2022, we declared dividends of $0.01 per share, respectively, and in 
March, May, August and November 2023, we declared dividends of $0.01 per share, respectively.

Our  overall  capital  requirements  are  based  on  regulatory  capital  adequacy  and  solvency  margins  and  ratios 
imposed by the BMA and by the FCA and the PRA in the United Kingdom. In addition, we set our own internal capital 
policies.  Our  overall  capital  requirements  can  be  impacted  by  a  variety  of  factors  including  economic  conditions, 
business mix, the composition of our investment portfolio, year-to-year movements in net reserves, our reinsurance 
program and regulatory requirements.

Capital position

We are a holding company with no direct source of operating income. We are therefore dependent on our capital 
raising abilities and dividend payments from our subsidiaries. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to us to 
pay dividends is limited by regulatory capital requirements.

Our operations generate cash flow as a result of the receipt of premiums in advance of the time when claim 
payments are required. Net cash from operating activities, together with other available sources of liquidity, historically 
has enabled us to meet our long-term liquidity requirements. We expect that net cash from operating activities will 
enable us to meet our long-term liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months.

We target a solvency ratio of more than 120% of the group capital requirement to ensure capital strength, enable 

opportunistic growth and support a stable dividend policy.

Cash flows

IGI has three main sources of cash flows: operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The 
movement in net cash provided by or used in operating, investing and financing activities is provided in the following 
table:

Net cash flows from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 
Net cash flows used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net cash flows used in financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196.6
(90.4)
(49.1)
57.1

154.9
(246.6)
(12.5)
(104.2)

175.3
(51.5)
(15.1)
108.7

2023

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions

2021

Net cash flows from operating activities

Net cash flows from operating activities increased by $41.7 million from net cash inflow of $154.9 million for 

the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to net cash inflow of $196.6 million for the year ended December 31, 

2023. This increase was primarily due to growth in business.

Net cash flows from operating activities decreased by $20.4 million from net cash inflow of $175.3 million for 

the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to net cash inflow of $154.9 million for the year ended December 31, 

2022. This decrease was primarily due to growth in business being offset by the increase in cash outflows related to 

the settlement of loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Net cash flows used in investing activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities decreased from net cash outflow of $246.6 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2022 to net cash outflow of $90.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily 

due to a positive movement on the term deposits and short-term investments combined, which was offset by higher 

purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, equity securities and other investments.

Net cash flows used in investing activities increased from net cash outflow of $51.5 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2021 to net cash outflow of $246.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily 

due to negative movement on the term deposits and short-term investments combined.

Net cash flows used in financing activities

Net cash flows used in financing activities increased from a net cash outflow of $12.5 million for the year ended 

December 31, 2022 to a net cash outflow of $49.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The cash outflow 

from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily represented a cash payment for the repurchase 

of common shares of $31.1 million and cash payment for the repurchase and redemption of warrants of $16.3 million.

Net  cash  flows  used  in  financing  activities  decreased  from  a  net  cash  outflow  of  $15.1  million  for  the  year 

ended December 31, 2021 to a net cash outflow of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The cash 

outflow from financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily represented a dividend payment of 

$10.1 million and the repurchase of common shares of $2.4 million compared to $15.1 million of dividend payment 

for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Ratings

In  November  2021, A.M.  Best  Company  (“A.M.  Best”)  reaffirmed  the  ratings  of  our  insurance  subsidiaries 

(IGI Bermuda, IGI UK and IGI Europe) with an “A” (Excellent)/Stable. This rating reflects A.M. Best’s view of our 

financial strength, underwriting performance and ability to meet obligations to policyholders. In November 2022 and 

November 2023, A.M. Best reaffirmed our rating with an “A” (Excellent)/Stable.

In April 2023, S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) reaffirmed our financial strength with an “A-”/Stable.

Capital Requirements

BMA requirements

We are subject to regulatory and internal management capital requirements.

IGI Bermuda is regulated by the BMA and as such is subject to the BMA’s capital requirements. For purposes of 

IGI Bermuda’s capital requirements, the BMA considers the combination of risk bearing entities that consolidate into 

IGI Bermuda in addition to treating other companies in the IGI group as “investments in affiliates” and so assesses the 

capital and solvency of the group as a whole. IGI Bermuda holds sufficient capital adequacy and solvency margins as 

mandated by the statutory capital requirements of the BMA.

IGI Bermuda holds a class 3B insurance license which is given to large commercial insurers with net written 

premiums exceeding $50 million. IGI Bermuda generated net written premiums of $497.2 million, $392.8 million, and 

$379.3 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

95

96

117

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023We  have  not  historically  incurred  debt. As  of  December  31,  2023,  we  had  $1.8  million  of  letters  of  credit 

outstanding to the order of reinsurance companies for collateralizing insurance contract liabilities in accordance with 

reinsurance  arrangements. As  of  December  31,  2022,  we  had  $2.9  million  of  letters  of  credit.  In  addition,  as  of 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, we had outstanding an approximately $0.3 million letter of guarantee for the benefit 

of Friends Provident Life Assurance Limited for collateralizing IGI’s rent payment obligation for one of its offices.

Our current arrangements with bankers for the issue of letters of credit require us to provide collateral in the 

form of investments whereby the issued letters of credit do not exceed 70% of the collateralized investment. As at 

December 31, 2023 and 2022, these investments amounted to $2.6 million and $4.2 million, respectively. We do not 

consider that this unduly restricts our liquidity at this time.

In 2021, we signed a legally non-binding agreement with the University of California, San Francisco Foundation 

to contribute an aggregate amount of $1.25 million in five installments over five years to support cancer research 

projects. As of December 31, 2023, we have paid $0.75 million and the remaining two instalments totaling $0.5 million 

will be made equally between 2024 and 2025.

We  have  historically  paid  regular  dividends  to  our  shareholders.  In  March  2021,  we  declared  a  dividend  of 

$0.17 per share, and in August 2021 we declared a dividend of $0.16 per share. In March 2022, we declared a dividend 

of $0.19 per share, in May, August and November 2022, we declared dividends of $0.01 per share, respectively, and in 

March, May, August and November 2023, we declared dividends of $0.01 per share, respectively.

Our  overall  capital  requirements  are  based  on  regulatory  capital  adequacy  and  solvency  margins  and  ratios 

imposed by the BMA and by the FCA and the PRA in the United Kingdom. In addition, we set our own internal capital 

policies.  Our  overall  capital  requirements  can  be  impacted  by  a  variety  of  factors  including  economic  conditions, 

business mix, the composition of our investment portfolio, year-to-year movements in net reserves, our reinsurance 

program and regulatory requirements.

Capital position

We are a holding company with no direct source of operating income. We are therefore dependent on our capital 

raising abilities and dividend payments from our subsidiaries. The ability of our subsidiaries to distribute cash to us to 

pay dividends is limited by regulatory capital requirements.

Our operations generate cash flow as a result of the receipt of premiums in advance of the time when claim 

payments are required. Net cash from operating activities, together with other available sources of liquidity, historically 

has enabled us to meet our long-term liquidity requirements. We expect that net cash from operating activities will 

enable us to meet our long-term liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months.

We target a solvency ratio of more than 120% of the group capital requirement to ensure capital strength, enable 

opportunistic growth and support a stable dividend policy.

Cash flows

table:

Net cash flows from operating activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 

Net cash flows used in investing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net cash flows used in financing activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net change in cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196.6

(90.4)

(49.1)

57.1

154.9

(246.6)

(12.5)

(104.2)

175.3

(51.5)

(15.1)

108.7

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

($) in millions

2021

Net cash flows from operating activities

Net cash flows from operating activities increased by $41.7 million from net cash inflow of $154.9 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to net cash inflow of $196.6 million for the year ended December 31, 
2023. This increase was primarily due to growth in business.

Net cash flows from operating activities decreased by $20.4 million from net cash inflow of $175.3 million for 
the year ended December 31, 2021 compared to net cash inflow of $154.9 million for the year ended December 31, 
2022. This decrease was primarily due to growth in business being offset by the increase in cash outflows related to 
the settlement of loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Net cash flows used in investing activities

Net cash flows used in investing activities decreased from net cash outflow of $246.6 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 to net cash outflow of $90.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. This was primarily 
due to a positive movement on the term deposits and short-term investments combined, which was offset by higher 
purchases of fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale, equity securities and other investments.

Net cash flows used in investing activities increased from net cash outflow of $51.5 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2021 to net cash outflow of $246.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily 
due to negative movement on the term deposits and short-term investments combined.

Net cash flows used in financing activities

Net cash flows used in financing activities increased from a net cash outflow of $12.5 million for the year ended 
December 31, 2022 to a net cash outflow of $49.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The cash outflow 
from financing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023 primarily represented a cash payment for the repurchase 
of common shares of $31.1 million and cash payment for the repurchase and redemption of warrants of $16.3 million.

Net  cash  flows  used  in  financing  activities  decreased  from  a  net  cash  outflow  of  $15.1  million  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2021 to a net cash outflow of $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The cash 
outflow from financing activities in the year ended December 31, 2022 primarily represented a dividend payment of 
$10.1 million and the repurchase of common shares of $2.4 million compared to $15.1 million of dividend payment 
for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Ratings

In  November  2021, A.M.  Best  Company  (“A.M.  Best”)  reaffirmed  the  ratings  of  our  insurance  subsidiaries 
(IGI Bermuda, IGI UK and IGI Europe) with an “A” (Excellent)/Stable. This rating reflects A.M. Best’s view of our 
financial strength, underwriting performance and ability to meet obligations to policyholders. In November 2022 and 
November 2023, A.M. Best reaffirmed our rating with an “A” (Excellent)/Stable.

In April 2023, S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) reaffirmed our financial strength with an “A-”/Stable.

IGI has three main sources of cash flows: operating activities, investing activities and financing activities. The 

movement in net cash provided by or used in operating, investing and financing activities is provided in the following 

Capital Requirements

We are subject to regulatory and internal management capital requirements.

BMA requirements

IGI Bermuda is regulated by the BMA and as such is subject to the BMA’s capital requirements. For purposes of 
IGI Bermuda’s capital requirements, the BMA considers the combination of risk bearing entities that consolidate into 
IGI Bermuda in addition to treating other companies in the IGI group as “investments in affiliates” and so assesses the 
capital and solvency of the group as a whole. IGI Bermuda holds sufficient capital adequacy and solvency margins as 
mandated by the statutory capital requirements of the BMA.

IGI Bermuda holds a class 3B insurance license which is given to large commercial insurers with net written 
premiums exceeding $50 million. IGI Bermuda generated net written premiums of $497.2 million, $392.8 million, and 
$379.3 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

95

96

118

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          The  Insurance Act  provides  that  the  statutory  assets  of  a  general  business  insurer  must  exceed  its  statutory 
liabilities by an amount greater than the prescribed MSM which varies with the type of registration of the insurer under 
the Insurance Act.

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 

own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 

with a minimum of €3.7 million. IGI UK has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 

For Class 3B licensed entities the MSM is the greater of:

• 

• 

• 

• 

$1 million;

for  insurers  with  net  premium  income  (the  “NPI”)  of  up  to  $6  million,  20%  of  NPI,  and  for  insurers 
with NPI of greater than $6 million, the aggregate of $1.2 million plus 15% of the amount by which NPI 
exceeds $6 million;

15% of the aggregate of net loss and loss expense provisions and other general business insurance reserves; or

25% of the ECR (as defined below) as reported at the end of the relevant year.

As such, the MSM required of IGI was $65.0 million, $57.8 million and $58.3 million, in each of 2023, 2022 

and 2021, respectively.

The  BMA  also  requires  Class  3B  insurers  to  maintain  an  additional  amount  of  statutory  capital  and  surplus 
equal to, or exceeding, the ECR, which is established by reference to either the BSCR or an approved internal capital 
model. The  BSCR  is  calculated  based  on  models  provided  by  the  BMA. The  ECR  required  of  IGI  Bermuda  was 
$260.0 million, $230.8 million and $233.4 million in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The BMA also established a TCL above the ECR which insurers are expected to hold at least in total equivalent 
to 120% of the ECR (“the Target Capital”). The TCL required of IGI Bermuda was $312.0 million, $277.0 million and 
$280.1 million in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

IGI  Bermuda’s  2023  draft  statutory  financial  statements,  and  2022  and  2021  audited  statutory  financial 
statements submitted to the BMA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well 
as IGI’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the BMA’s requirements and was 211%, 179% and 162% in 
2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

BMA regulatory requirements
Minimum Margin of Solvency (MSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Enhanced Capital Requirement (ECR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Target Capital Level (TCL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IGI Bermuda’s statutory capital and surplus . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement Ratio  . . . . . . . . . . . .
Headroom over TCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023*

Year Ended December 31
2022**
($) in millions

2021

65.0
260.0
312.0
548.7
211
236.7

57.8
230.8
277.0
413.8
179
136.8

58.3
233.4
280.1
377.5
162
97.4

* 
** 

The 2023 figures are based on IGI Bermuda’s draft statutory financial statements.
The 2022 figures have been updated based on IGI Bermuda’s final statutory financial statements.

PRA requirements

IGI UK is subject to regulation by the UK FCA and the UK PRA. The Solvency Capital Requirement (“SCR”) 
for IGI UK is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and quality of capital held by 
an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of available capital (“Own Funds”) uses UK GAAP shareholders’ funds as a starting 
point and applies a number of specific adjustments prescribed under Solvency II. The primary adjustments reflect the 
fact that Solvency II is based on the principle of an economic balance sheet — outstanding reserves and associated 
reinsurance  recoverables  being  considered  on  a  discounted  best-estimate  basis.  A  full  reconciliation  between  the 
Solvency II and UK GAAP bases is provided in the annual Solvency & Financial Condition Report published on IGI’s 
website (www.iginsure.com).

method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 

an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 

balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 

transitional measures; and

is applied with an adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 

other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in full to 

the Audit, Risk and Compliance Committee of the UK Board in addition to being communicated to the IGI Bermuda 

and IGI Holdings Boards.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI UK’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the PRA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 

and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s 

requirements by 52% and 57% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. IGI UK’s draft financial statements for the year ended 

December 31, 2023 reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s 

actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s requirements by 76%.

MFSA requirements

Following its acquisition in June 2021, IGI Europe is subject to regulation by the MFSA. The Solvency Capital 

Requirement (SCR) for IGI Europe is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and 

quality of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 

own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 

with a minimum of €3.7 million. IGI Europe has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 

method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 

an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 

balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 

transitional measures; and

is applied with adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

97

98

119

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The  Insurance Act  provides  that  the  statutory  assets  of  a  general  business  insurer  must  exceed  its  statutory 

liabilities by an amount greater than the prescribed MSM which varies with the type of registration of the insurer under 

the Insurance Act.

For Class 3B licensed entities the MSM is the greater of:

$1 million;

exceeds $6 million;

• 

• 

• 

• 

for  insurers  with  net  premium  income  (the  “NPI”)  of  up  to  $6  million,  20%  of  NPI,  and  for  insurers 

with NPI of greater than $6 million, the aggregate of $1.2 million plus 15% of the amount by which NPI 

15% of the aggregate of net loss and loss expense provisions and other general business insurance reserves; or

25% of the ECR (as defined below) as reported at the end of the relevant year.

As such, the MSM required of IGI was $65.0 million, $57.8 million and $58.3 million, in each of 2023, 2022 

and 2021, respectively.

The  BMA  also  requires  Class  3B  insurers  to  maintain  an  additional  amount  of  statutory  capital  and  surplus 

equal to, or exceeding, the ECR, which is established by reference to either the BSCR or an approved internal capital 

model. The  BSCR  is  calculated  based  on  models  provided  by  the  BMA. The  ECR  required  of  IGI  Bermuda  was 

$260.0 million, $230.8 million and $233.4 million in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The BMA also established a TCL above the ECR which insurers are expected to hold at least in total equivalent 

to 120% of the ECR (“the Target Capital”). The TCL required of IGI Bermuda was $312.0 million, $277.0 million and 

$280.1 million in each of 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

IGI  Bermuda’s  2023  draft  statutory  financial  statements,  and  2022  and  2021  audited  statutory  financial 

statements submitted to the BMA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well 

as IGI’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the BMA’s requirements and was 211%, 179% and 162% in 

2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively:

BMA regulatory requirements

Minimum Margin of Solvency (MSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Enhanced Capital Requirement (ECR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Target Capital Level (TCL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

IGI Bermuda’s statutory capital and surplus . . . . . . . . . . . .

Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement Ratio  . . . . . . . . . . . .

Headroom over TCL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31

2023*

2022**

($) in millions

2021

65.0

260.0

312.0

548.7

211

236.7

57.8

230.8

277.0

413.8

179

136.8

58.3

233.4

280.1

377.5

162

97.4

* 

** 

The 2023 figures are based on IGI Bermuda’s draft statutory financial statements.

The 2022 figures have been updated based on IGI Bermuda’s final statutory financial statements.

PRA requirements

IGI UK is subject to regulation by the UK FCA and the UK PRA. The Solvency Capital Requirement (“SCR”) 

for IGI UK is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and quality of capital held by 

an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of available capital (“Own Funds”) uses UK GAAP shareholders’ funds as a starting 

point and applies a number of specific adjustments prescribed under Solvency II. The primary adjustments reflect the 

fact that Solvency II is based on the principle of an economic balance sheet — outstanding reserves and associated 

reinsurance  recoverables  being  considered  on  a  discounted  best-estimate  basis.  A  full  reconciliation  between  the 

Solvency II and UK GAAP bases is provided in the annual Solvency & Financial Condition Report published on IGI’s 

website (www.iginsure.com).

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 
own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 
with a minimum of €3.7 million. IGI UK has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 
method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

• 

• 

• 

• 

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 
an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 
balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 
transitional measures; and

is applied with an adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 
other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results reported in full to 
the Audit, Risk and Compliance Committee of the UK Board in addition to being communicated to the IGI Bermuda 
and IGI Holdings Boards.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI UK’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the PRA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 
and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s 
requirements by 52% and 57% in 2022 and 2021, respectively. IGI UK’s draft financial statements for the year ended 
December 31, 2023 reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI UK’s 
actual statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the PRA’s requirements by 76%.

MFSA requirements

Following its acquisition in June 2021, IGI Europe is subject to regulation by the MFSA. The Solvency Capital 
Requirement (SCR) for IGI Europe is governed by the Solvency II regime which sets rules governing the level and 
quality of capital held by an insurer and the capital requirements applicable to that firm.

The Solvency II measure of required capital, the SCR, is calibrated using the Value at Risk (VaR) of the basic 
own funds of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking subject to a confidence level of 99.5% over a one-year period, 
with a minimum of €3.7 million. IGI Europe has chosen the Solvency II Standard Formula (the “Standard Formula”) 
method to calculate its SCR.

IGI has assessed the appropriateness of the Standard Formula on both a qualitative and quantitative basis and 

considers it to provide an appropriate fit to the Company’s business and risk profile.

Specifically, the assessment confirms that the Standard Formula:

• 

• 

• 

• 

captures the full scope of risks to which the Company is exposed and for which the holding of capital is 
an appropriate response;

is sufficiently sensitive to future changes in the risk profile on both the asset and liabilities side of the 
balance sheet including the influence of outward reinsurance arrangements;

has  been  applied  in  full  with  no  application  of  undertaking  specific  parameters,  simplifications  or 
transitional measures; and

is applied with adjustment for the risk absorbing effect of technical provisions and deferred taxes.

97

98

120

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 
other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results are reported in full 
to the board of directors of IGI Europe in addition to being communicated to the board of directors of IGI and IGI 
Bermuda.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI Europe’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the MFSA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 
and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus. IGI Europe’s draft financial 
statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 
2022 and 2021 reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual 
statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the MFSA’s requirements by 108%, 107% and 140% for the years ended 
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Derivative Financial Liabilities

In connection with the consummation of our business combination with Tiberius, we issued 4,500,000 private 
warrants and 12,750,000 public warrants. We repurchased and redeemed all public and private warrants in 2023. Prior 
to the repurchase and redemption, we recognized the warrants as liabilities at fair value and adjusted the instruments to 
fair value at each reporting period. The earnout shares issued to former shareholders of IGI and Tiberius are accounted 
for as a derivative financial liability because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of earnout shares 
to be vested include multiple settlement alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common shares of the 
Company. The earnout shares are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until vested, and any change in 
fair value is recognized in the Group’s consolidated statement of income.

Investments

Our  primary  investment  objectives  are  to  maintain  liquidity,  preserve  capital  and  generate  a  stable  level  of 
investment income. We purchase securities that we believe are attractive on a relative value basis and seek to generate 
returns  in  excess  of  predetermined  benchmarks.  Our  investment  strategy  has  historically  been  established  by  our 
investment team and has historically been approved by our board of directors. The strategy is comprised of high-level 
objectives  and  prescribed  investment  guidelines  which  govern  asset  allocation.  In  accordance  with  our  investment 
guidelines, we maintain certain minimum thresholds of cash, short-term investments, and highly-rated fixed maturity 
securities  relative  to  our  consolidated  net  reserves  and  estimates  of  probable  maximum  loss  exposures  to  provide 
necessary liquidity in a wide range of reasonable scenarios. As such, we structure our managed cash and investment 
portfolio  to  support  policyholder  reserves  and  contingent  risk  exposures  with  a  liquid  portfolio  of  high  quality 
fixed-income investments with a comparable duration profile.

In 2023, we managed most of our investment portfolio in-house, with the exception of approximately $21.8 million 
which was managed by a third-party investment advisor. Our investment team is responsible for implementing the 
investment strategy as set by the investment committee established by our management and routinely monitors the 
portfolio to ensure that these parameters are met.

The fair value of our investments, cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 and 

December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Asset Description
Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Fixed and call deposits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cash at banks and held with investments managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fair Value

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

767.6
247.2
77.1
26.2
3.5
11.1
1,132.7

491.1
366.9
52.3
31.4
4.9
12.2
958.8

The following table shows the distribution of bonds and debt securities with fixed interest rates according to the 

international rating agencies’ classifications as of December 31, 2023:

Rating Grade

Bonds

Total

Unquoted 

Bonds

($) in millions

AAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

AA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

BBB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

BB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Not Rated  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

18.8

152.0

408.3

186.1

0.2

0.2

765.6

—

—

—

—

—

2.0

2.0

18.8

152.0

408.3

186.1

0.2

2.2

767.6

The following table summarizes our investment results as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

2021

($) in millions, unless otherwise specified

Average investments(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,029.1

Investment income(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Investment yield(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

40.5

3.9%

882.9

20.9

2.4%

797.3

14.5

1.8%

(1) 

Includes investments and cash and cash equivalents. The average balance represents the investments at the reporting period 

end plus the investments as of the beginning of the reporting period, divided by 2.

(2)  Represents interest and dividend income, net of investment custodian fees and other investment expenses.

(3)  Represents investment income divided by average investments.

For  comparison,  the  following  are  the  coupon  returns  for  the  Barclays  U.S. Aggregate  Bond  Index  and  the 

dividend returns for the S&P 500® Index:

Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

S&P 500® Index (dividend return)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.1

1.5

The cost or amortized cost and carrying value of our fixed-maturity investments as of December 31, 2023 is 

presented below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers 

may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

As of December 31

2023

2021

2022

%

2.7

1.7

As of December 31, 2023

Carrying 

Value

Cost

($) in millions

2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2026. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2027. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2028. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2029. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2030. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2031. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2032. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2033. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

After 2033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

82.5

150.9

202.9

61.0

118.0

62.5

7.9

16.6

2.2

15.2

75.3

795.0

2.4

1.3

80.5

145.4

195.4

57.8

116.7

60.8

7.0

15.4

1.9

15.8

70.9

767.6

99

100

121

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The Standard Formula SCR and associated Solvency II Own Funds are recalculated at least quarterly and at 

other times in response to an actual or projected material change in the risk profile and the results are reported in full 

to the board of directors of IGI Europe in addition to being communicated to the board of directors of IGI and IGI 

Bermuda.

The adequacy of the Company’s Own Funds to meet the SCR is monitored on an ongoing basis and particularly 

in the event of an anticipated or actual material impairment in the level of Own Funds.

IGI Europe’s audited statutory financial statements submitted to the MFSA reflect the foregoing capital adequacy 

and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual statutory capital surplus. IGI Europe’s draft financial 

statements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 

2022 and 2021 reflect the foregoing capital adequacy and solvency margin requirements, as well as IGI Europe’s actual 

statutory capital surplus, which exceeded the MFSA’s requirements by 108%, 107% and 140% for the years ended 

December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Derivative Financial Liabilities

In connection with the consummation of our business combination with Tiberius, we issued 4,500,000 private 

warrants and 12,750,000 public warrants. We repurchased and redeemed all public and private warrants in 2023. Prior 

to the repurchase and redemption, we recognized the warrants as liabilities at fair value and adjusted the instruments to 

fair value at each reporting period. The earnout shares issued to former shareholders of IGI and Tiberius are accounted 

for as a derivative financial liability because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of earnout shares 

to be vested include multiple settlement alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common shares of the 

Company. The earnout shares are subject to remeasurement at each balance sheet date until vested, and any change in 

fair value is recognized in the Group’s consolidated statement of income.

Investments

Our  primary  investment  objectives  are  to  maintain  liquidity,  preserve  capital  and  generate  a  stable  level  of 

investment income. We purchase securities that we believe are attractive on a relative value basis and seek to generate 

returns  in  excess  of  predetermined  benchmarks.  Our  investment  strategy  has  historically  been  established  by  our 

investment team and has historically been approved by our board of directors. The strategy is comprised of high-level 

objectives  and  prescribed  investment  guidelines  which  govern  asset  allocation.  In  accordance  with  our  investment 

guidelines, we maintain certain minimum thresholds of cash, short-term investments, and highly-rated fixed maturity 

securities  relative  to  our  consolidated  net  reserves  and  estimates  of  probable  maximum  loss  exposures  to  provide 

necessary liquidity in a wide range of reasonable scenarios. As such, we structure our managed cash and investment 

portfolio  to  support  policyholder  reserves  and  contingent  risk  exposures  with  a  liquid  portfolio  of  high  quality 

fixed-income investments with a comparable duration profile.

In 2023, we managed most of our investment portfolio in-house, with the exception of approximately $21.8 million 

which was managed by a third-party investment advisor. Our investment team is responsible for implementing the 

investment strategy as set by the investment committee established by our management and routinely monitors the 

portfolio to ensure that these parameters are met.

The fair value of our investments, cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2023 and 

December 31, 2022 was as follows:

Fair Value

December 31, 

December 31, 

2023

2022

Asset Description

Fixed income securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fixed and call deposits  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cash at banks and held with investments managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Mutual funds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

767.6

247.2

77.1

26.2

3.5

11.1

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,132.7

491.1

366.9

52.3

31.4

4.9

12.2

958.8

The following table shows the distribution of bonds and debt securities with fixed interest rates according to the 

international rating agencies’ classifications as of December 31, 2023:

Rating Grade

Bonds

Unquoted 
Bonds
($) in millions

Total

AAA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
AA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
BBB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
BB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Not Rated  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

18.8
152.0
408.3
186.1
0.2
0.2
765.6

—
—
—
—
—
2.0
2.0

18.8
152.0
408.3
186.1
0.2
2.2
767.6

The following table summarizes our investment results as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:

Average investments(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Investment income(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Investment yield(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2023

Year Ended December 31
2022
($) in millions, unless otherwise specified
1,029.1
40.5
3.9%

882.9
20.9
2.4%

2021

797.3
14.5
1.8%

(1) 

Includes investments and cash and cash equivalents. The average balance represents the investments at the reporting period 
end plus the investments as of the beginning of the reporting period, divided by 2.

(2)  Represents interest and dividend income, net of investment custodian fees and other investment expenses.
(3)  Represents investment income divided by average investments.

For  comparison,  the  following  are  the  coupon  returns  for  the  Barclays  U.S. Aggregate  Bond  Index  and  the 

dividend returns for the S&P 500® Index:

2023

As of December 31
2022
%

2021

Barclays US Aggregate Bond Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
S&P 500® Index (dividend return)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3.1
1.5

2.7
1.7

2.4
1.3

The cost or amortized cost and carrying value of our fixed-maturity investments as of December 31, 2023 is 
presented below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because borrowers 
may have the right to call or prepay certain obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2026. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2027. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2028. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2029. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2030. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2031. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2032. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
2033. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
After 2033 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

As of December 31, 2023

Cost

Carrying 
Value

($) in millions
82.5
150.9
202.9
61.0
118.0
62.5
7.9
16.6
2.2
15.2
75.3
795.0

80.5
145.4
195.4
57.8
116.7
60.8
7.0
15.4
1.9
15.8
70.9
767.6

99

100

122

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Reinsurance

We  follow  customary  industry  practice  of  reinsuring  a  portion  of  our  exposures  in  exchange  for  paying 
reinsurers a part of the premiums received on the policies we write. Our reinsurance program enhances the quality of 
our core operations by reducing exposure to potential catastrophe and other high severity losses, limiting volatility 
in underwriting performance, and providing us with greater visibility into our future earnings. Although reinsurance 
does not legally discharge an insurer from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, it does make the 
assuming reinsurer liable to the insurer to the extent of the reinsurance coverage. We monitor the financial condition 
of our reinsurers and place our coverages only with generally financially sound carriers. Reinsurance coverage and 
retentions vary depending on the line of business, location of the risk and nature of loss. Our reinsurance purchases 
include the following:

•  We  purchase  property,  onshore  energy  and  engineering  reinsurance  to  reduce  our  exposure  to  large 
individual  property  losses  and  catastrophe  events. The  following  is  a  summary  of  significant  property 
reinsurance treaties in effect as of July 1, 2023. Our per risk reinsurance covers losses in respect of property 
and engineering from an entry point of $10.0 million up to $50.0 million PML. Meanwhile in respect of 
onshore energy, we purchase from an entry point of $12.5 million up to $50.0 million PML. PML error 
is purchased beyond the aforementioned limits for a further $22.5 million. Our catastrophe reinsurance 
purchase is $75.0 million with a reinstatable limit above an entry point of $15.0 million.

•  We purchase offshore energy reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses. As of July 1, 2023, our 
maximum platform exposure was $75.0 million. Our offshore reinsurance protection has an entry point of 
$15.0 million and provides coverage up to a further $82.5 million covering an element of “clash coverage” 
for a moveable risk relating to a fixed platform. The maximum “moveable risks” coverage is $25.0 million.

• 

• 

Casualty reinsurance treaties — We purchase casualty reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses 
by virtue of a 20% Quota Share Treaty. This Quota Share Treaty covers professional indemnity, director 
and  officers,  financial  institutions  and  warranty  and  indemnity  business  written  or  controlled  by  our 
London office underwriters.

Other  reinsurance  —  Depending  on  the  operating  unit,  we  purchase  specific  additional  reinsurance  to 
supplement the above programs.

Our reinsurance strategy is generally driven by our objective to maximize risk adjusted returns and informed 
by our capital position and cost of reinsurance coverage. We buy property reinsurance to reduce exposure to large 
individual property losses and catastrophe events. We buy casualty reinsurance to reduce exposure to large liability 
losses.  We  purchase  facultative  and  other  reinsurance  to  balance  our  book  of  business  and  optimize  our  returns. 
We  monitor  the  reinsurance  market  closely  and  at  times  will  cede  a  greater  proportion  of  our  premiums  if  the 
availability  and  cost  of  reinsurance  improves  the  overall  risk  and  profitability  profile  of  our  business.  Conversely, 
when the reinsurance markets are less attractive, we will seek to retain a greater portion of the premiums we write. Our 
reinsurance purchasing strategy impacts our financial results as our net premiums may increase or decrease depending 
on our reinsurance program.

We  buy  our  casualty  reinsurance  on  a  “risk  attaching”  basis.  Under  risk  attaching  treaties,  all  claims  from 
policies incepting during the year of the reinsurance contract are covered even if they occur after the expiration date 
of  the  reinsurance  contract.  If  we  are  unable  to  renew  or  replace  our  existing  reinsurance  coverage,  protection  for 
unexpired policies would remain in place until their expiration. In such case, we could revise our underwriting strategy 
for new business to reflect the absence of reinsurance protection. Property catastrophe reinsurance is generally placed 
on a “losses occurring basis,” whereby only claims occurring during the year are covered. If we are unable to renew 
or replace these reinsurance coverages, unexpired policies would not be protected, and therefore we would seek to 
purchase run off coverage.

Reinsurance Recoverables

At December 31, 2023, approximately 75.6% of IGI’s reinsurance recoverables on unpaid and paid losses (not 
including ceded unearned premiums) of $223.1 million were due from carriers which had a “A-” or higher rating from 
a major rating agency. The largest reinsurance recoverables from any one carrier was approximately 8.0% of total 
shareholders’ equity available to IGI at December 31, 2023.

The following table shows credit ratings of our top 5 reinsurers as of December 31, 2023, and the unpaid and 

paid reinsurance recoverable from such reinsurers as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (dollars in 

millions):

Reinsurer rating

B++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reserves

Percentage of 

total 

reinsurance 

recoverables

Reinsurance 

Recoverable at 

December 31, 

Reinsurance 

Recoverable at 

December 31, 

2023

2022

19.3% $ 

15.7% $ 

6.1% $ 

5.9% $ 

5.0% $ 

43.1 $ 

35.0 $ 

13.7 $ 

13.1 $ 

11.2 $ 

$ 

116.1 $ 

23.4

31.8

12.5

8.4

9.9

86.0

To recognize liabilities for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, both known or unknown, insurers establish 

reserves, which is a balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and 

related expenses with respect to insured events which have occurred. Estimates and assumptions relating to reserves 

for net loss and loss adjustment expenses are based on complex and subjective judgments, often including the interplay 

of specific uncertainties with related accounting and actuarial measurements. Such estimates are susceptible to change. 

For example:

fully known.

At the time of loss information available regarding the circumstances and the extent of a loss may not be 

It may not be clear whether the circumstances of a loss are covered.

If a legal decision is required to resolve coverage this may take many years.

The  actions  the  insured  takes  to  remediate  the  loss  may  affect  the  eventual  loss  amount  (favorably  or 

unfavorably).

For this purpose, the term “loss” refers to a claim and the direct costs associated with claims settlement. 

Except where specific reference to the costs associated with claims settlement is made, the term “claim” 

and “loss” are used interchangeably.

The availability of replacement parts, skilled labor, access to the loss site and the speed at which repairs 

can be undertaken many not be known for some time and may be subject to change.

It may be many years before the occurrence of a loss becomes known.

•  Where claims take a long time to settle new information, changes in circumstances, legal decisions, rates 

of exchange and economic conditions (particularly claims inflation) may affect the value and validity of 

claims made.

When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The case reserve will 

represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at 

that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry reserving practices, the experience 

and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team. If insufficient information is available, the 

claims handler may be unable to establish an estimate and will seek further information that will allow an informed 

estimate to be established. Claims reserves are also established to provide for:

losses Incurred But Not Reported to the insurer (“pure IBNR”);

potential changes in the adequacy of case reserves (“Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”); 

and

the estimated expenses of settling claims, including both:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

101

102

123

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Reinsurance

We  follow  customary  industry  practice  of  reinsuring  a  portion  of  our  exposures  in  exchange  for  paying 

reinsurers a part of the premiums received on the policies we write. Our reinsurance program enhances the quality of 

our core operations by reducing exposure to potential catastrophe and other high severity losses, limiting volatility 

in underwriting performance, and providing us with greater visibility into our future earnings. Although reinsurance 

does not legally discharge an insurer from its primary liability for the full amount of the policies, it does make the 

assuming reinsurer liable to the insurer to the extent of the reinsurance coverage. We monitor the financial condition 

of our reinsurers and place our coverages only with generally financially sound carriers. Reinsurance coverage and 

retentions vary depending on the line of business, location of the risk and nature of loss. Our reinsurance purchases 

include the following:

•  We  purchase  property,  onshore  energy  and  engineering  reinsurance  to  reduce  our  exposure  to  large 

individual  property  losses  and  catastrophe  events. The  following  is  a  summary  of  significant  property 

reinsurance treaties in effect as of July 1, 2023. Our per risk reinsurance covers losses in respect of property 

and engineering from an entry point of $10.0 million up to $50.0 million PML. Meanwhile in respect of 

onshore energy, we purchase from an entry point of $12.5 million up to $50.0 million PML. PML error 

is purchased beyond the aforementioned limits for a further $22.5 million. Our catastrophe reinsurance 

purchase is $75.0 million with a reinstatable limit above an entry point of $15.0 million.

•  We purchase offshore energy reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses. As of July 1, 2023, our 

maximum platform exposure was $75.0 million. Our offshore reinsurance protection has an entry point of 

$15.0 million and provides coverage up to a further $82.5 million covering an element of “clash coverage” 

for a moveable risk relating to a fixed platform. The maximum “moveable risks” coverage is $25.0 million.

• 

Casualty reinsurance treaties — We purchase casualty reinsurance to reduce our exposure to large losses 

by virtue of a 20% Quota Share Treaty. This Quota Share Treaty covers professional indemnity, director 

and  officers,  financial  institutions  and  warranty  and  indemnity  business  written  or  controlled  by  our 

London office underwriters.

supplement the above programs.

• 

Other  reinsurance  —  Depending  on  the  operating  unit,  we  purchase  specific  additional  reinsurance  to 

Our reinsurance strategy is generally driven by our objective to maximize risk adjusted returns and informed 

by our capital position and cost of reinsurance coverage. We buy property reinsurance to reduce exposure to large 

individual property losses and catastrophe events. We buy casualty reinsurance to reduce exposure to large liability 

losses.  We  purchase  facultative  and  other  reinsurance  to  balance  our  book  of  business  and  optimize  our  returns. 

We  monitor  the  reinsurance  market  closely  and  at  times  will  cede  a  greater  proportion  of  our  premiums  if  the 

availability  and  cost  of  reinsurance  improves  the  overall  risk  and  profitability  profile  of  our  business.  Conversely, 

when the reinsurance markets are less attractive, we will seek to retain a greater portion of the premiums we write. Our 

reinsurance purchasing strategy impacts our financial results as our net premiums may increase or decrease depending 

on our reinsurance program.

We  buy  our  casualty  reinsurance  on  a  “risk  attaching”  basis.  Under  risk  attaching  treaties,  all  claims  from 

policies incepting during the year of the reinsurance contract are covered even if they occur after the expiration date 

of  the  reinsurance  contract.  If  we  are  unable  to  renew  or  replace  our  existing  reinsurance  coverage,  protection  for 

unexpired policies would remain in place until their expiration. In such case, we could revise our underwriting strategy 

for new business to reflect the absence of reinsurance protection. Property catastrophe reinsurance is generally placed 

on a “losses occurring basis,” whereby only claims occurring during the year are covered. If we are unable to renew 

or replace these reinsurance coverages, unexpired policies would not be protected, and therefore we would seek to 

purchase run off coverage.

Reinsurance Recoverables

At December 31, 2023, approximately 75.6% of IGI’s reinsurance recoverables on unpaid and paid losses (not 

including ceded unearned premiums) of $223.1 million were due from carriers which had a “A-” or higher rating from 

a major rating agency. The largest reinsurance recoverables from any one carrier was approximately 8.0% of total 

shareholders’ equity available to IGI at December 31, 2023.

The following table shows credit ratings of our top 5 reinsurers as of December 31, 2023, and the unpaid and 
paid reinsurance recoverable from such reinsurers as of both December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (dollars in 
millions):

Reinsurer rating
B++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
A+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
A++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
A+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reserves

Percentage of 
total 
reinsurance 
recoverables

Reinsurance 
Recoverable at 
December 31, 
2023

Reinsurance 
Recoverable at 
December 31, 
2022

19.3% $ 
15.7% $ 
6.1% $ 
5.9% $ 
5.0% $ 
$ 

43.1 $ 
35.0 $ 
13.7 $ 
13.1 $ 
11.2 $ 
116.1 $ 

23.4
31.8
12.5
8.4
9.9
86.0

To recognize liabilities for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, both known or unknown, insurers establish 
reserves, which is a balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and 
related expenses with respect to insured events which have occurred. Estimates and assumptions relating to reserves 
for net loss and loss adjustment expenses are based on complex and subjective judgments, often including the interplay 
of specific uncertainties with related accounting and actuarial measurements. Such estimates are susceptible to change. 
For example:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

At the time of loss information available regarding the circumstances and the extent of a loss may not be 
fully known.

It may not be clear whether the circumstances of a loss are covered.

If a legal decision is required to resolve coverage this may take many years.

The  actions  the  insured  takes  to  remediate  the  loss  may  affect  the  eventual  loss  amount  (favorably  or 
unfavorably).

For this purpose, the term “loss” refers to a claim and the direct costs associated with claims settlement. 
Except where specific reference to the costs associated with claims settlement is made, the term “claim” 
and “loss” are used interchangeably.

The availability of replacement parts, skilled labor, access to the loss site and the speed at which repairs 
can be undertaken many not be known for some time and may be subject to change.

It may be many years before the occurrence of a loss becomes known.

•  Where claims take a long time to settle new information, changes in circumstances, legal decisions, rates 
of exchange and economic conditions (particularly claims inflation) may affect the value and validity of 
claims made.

When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The case reserve will 
represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the specific claim at 
that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry reserving practices, the experience 
and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team. If insufficient information is available, the 
claims handler may be unable to establish an estimate and will seek further information that will allow an informed 
estimate to be established. Claims reserves are also established to provide for:

• 

• 

• 

losses Incurred But Not Reported to the insurer (“pure IBNR”);

potential changes in the adequacy of case reserves (“Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”); 
and

the estimated expenses of settling claims, including both:

101

102

124

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          • 

• 

Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses: claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees); and

Unallocated  Loss Adjustment  Expenses:  other  general  expenses  (such  as  the  costs  of  maintaining  the 
claims handling function).

The timing of our results depends in large part on the extent to which the development and settlement of claims 
and reinsurance recoveries are consistent with the assumptions used to establish reserves. If expectations for and/or the 
actual cost of settlement increase or the timing of reporting and/or settlement changes, then we face the risk that the 
reserves in our financial statements may be inadequate and need to be increased. In this event an increase in reserves 
would cause a reduction in our profitability and could result in operating losses and a reduction of capital.

The Reserving Committee

The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and 
for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. The committee includes members of senior 
management who represent the underwriting, claims, outward reinsurance, actuarial and finance departments. The 
committee meets quarterly and agrees the carried reserve for each product line. Key inputs to the committee include 
but are not limited to the quarterly actuarial reserve review, presented by the Group Chief Actuary, and discussions 
with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting. The committee also considers findings of external actuarial 
reviews.

External (independent) Actuarial Review

Independent reviews of IGI’s reserves have been undertaken by a third-party actuarial consultancy since 2009. 

At present these reviews are undertaken every twelve months.

We undertake statutory submissions to the BMA and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. 
Actuarial  opinions  are  required  to  support  the  annual  return. These  opinions  and  the  actuarial  reviews  of  reserves 
supporting these opinions are undertaken by an independent international actuarial consultant.

Actuarial Review

In  preparation  for  the  recommendations  to  the  reserving  committee,  our  actuarial  team  undertakes  a  review 
of the reserves each quarter using a range of widely accepted actuarial methodologies and additional approaches as 
appropriate. The reserving process utilizes proprietary and commercially available actuarial models. Our experience is 
augmented by comparison to industry loss development patterns and other information.

Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability, but rather are estimates of the expected cost of settling claims. 
This  process  relies  on  the  assumption  that  past  experience,  adjusted  for  the  effects  of  current  developments  and 
anticipated  trends,  is  an  appropriate  basis  for  projecting  future  claims  development.  The  estimates  are  based  on 
actuarial and statistical projections of facts and circumstances known at the time of the review, estimates of trends in 
claim frequency, severity and other variable factors, including new bases of liability and general economic conditions. 
These variables can be affected by many factors, including internal and external events, such as changes in claims 
handling procedures, economic inflation, foreign currency movements, legal trends, legislative decisions and changes 
and the recognition of new sources of claims.

Potentially, claims may emerge, particularly claims arising from changes in the legal and regulatory environment, 

the type or magnitude of which we are unable to predict.

Reserves for inward reinsurance may be subject to greater uncertainty than for insurance primarily because, 
as a reinsurer, we rely on (i) the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies and (ii) information and 
data provided by the ceding companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that our ceding companies may not have 
adequately evaluated the risks reinsured by us and the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks 
we assume. In addition, reinsurance reserves may be less reliable than insurance reserves because of the greater scope 
of losses underlying reinsurance claims, limitations on information provided and the generally longer lapse of time 
from the occurrence of the event to the reporting of the loss to the reinsurer and its settlement.

The estimation of adequate reserves is more difficult and thus more uncertain for claims arising from “long-tail” 

policies, under which claims may not be paid until substantially beyond the end of the policy term. The estimation of 

such liabilities is subject to many complex variables, including the current legal environment, specific settlements that 

may be used as precedents to settle future claims, assumptions regarding trends with respect to claim frequency and 

severity, issues of coverage and the ability to locate defendants. Additional uncertainty also arises from the relative 

lack of development history which also limits the scope of experience on which estimates are based. This is partially 

mitigated by the use and monitoring against market benchmarks.

While every effort is made to ensure we are reserved appropriately, changes in trends and other factors underlying 

our reserve estimates could result in our reserves being inadequate. Because setting reserves is inherently uncertain, 

we cannot provide assurance that our current reserves will prove adequate considering subsequent events. If our loss 

reserves are determined to be inadequate, we will be required to increase our reserves at the time with a corresponding 

reduction in our net income for that year. Such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on our results and our 

financial condition.

Actuarial Methodologies

The main methodologies used to project claims to ultimate include resolution but are not limited to:

Chain  Ladder  Method:  Using  a  development  triangle1  of  cumulative  claims  amounts,  a  set  of  incremental 

development  factors  are  calculated. The  development  factor  is  equal  to  the  ratio  of  the  cumulative  claims  at  each 

development period to that at the previous development period. These development factors are then applied to the most 

recent data point in the triangle to project the current claims to ultimate resolution.

In  selecting  appropriate  development  factors,  a  number  of  important  considerations  are  made  which  require 

actuarial judgement. These include, but are not limited to, the following general principles:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Periods of larger claims volume and more mature development provide more credibility and should be 

given a larger weighting.

Typical  claims  development  would  generally  expect  to  show  a  smooth  and  monotonically  decreasing 

incremental pattern from period to period.

Trends  of  the  individual  factors  within  each  development,  origin  period  and  calendar  year  within  the 

triangle are evaluated.

The relevance of historical experience from older accident years used in projecting the future development 

of more recent accident years must be considered given changes in the mix of business, claims settlement 

processes, reinsurance protections and claims inflation within a class of business over time.

•  Whether claims development is expected to continue beyond the period over which we have historic data 

available must be considered.

Where the credibility of the experience is considered insufficient to enable the selection of development factors 

thought to be representative of future claims development, a relevant market benchmark pattern may be considered, 

where available. Such patterns could be drawn from published industry information (e.g. LMA Lloyd’s triangles, ABI 

or broker industry sector studies) and/or the actuary’s own wider market experience. They would then be adjusted 

as far as is practicably possible and proportionate to the materiality of the business to capture known and expected 

differences in the development characteristics between the benchmark and class of business modelled.

Initial Expected Loss Ratio (“IELR”) Method:  This method estimates ultimate claims for each line of business 

and origin period to be equal to an IELR multiplied by the expected ultimate premium. The unpaid (IBNR) claims is 

the difference between these estimates and the current paid (or case reported) claims.

1 

Development  triangle  means  values  (in  this  case,  cumulative  paid  or  case  reported  claims)  organized  by  year  of  origin 

(typically the applicable accident year) and development period (typically the number of quarters since the commencement 

of the original period).

103

104

125

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023• 

• 

Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses: claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees); and

Unallocated  Loss Adjustment  Expenses:  other  general  expenses  (such  as  the  costs  of  maintaining  the 

claims handling function).

The timing of our results depends in large part on the extent to which the development and settlement of claims 

and reinsurance recoveries are consistent with the assumptions used to establish reserves. If expectations for and/or the 

actual cost of settlement increase or the timing of reporting and/or settlement changes, then we face the risk that the 

reserves in our financial statements may be inadequate and need to be increased. In this event an increase in reserves 

would cause a reduction in our profitability and could result in operating losses and a reduction of capital.

The Reserving Committee

The reserving committee is responsible to the board of directors for the governance of the reserving process and 

for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. The committee includes members of senior 

management who represent the underwriting, claims, outward reinsurance, actuarial and finance departments. The 

committee meets quarterly and agrees the carried reserve for each product line. Key inputs to the committee include 

but are not limited to the quarterly actuarial reserve review, presented by the Group Chief Actuary, and discussions 

with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting. The committee also considers findings of external actuarial 

reviews.

External (independent) Actuarial Review

Independent reviews of IGI’s reserves have been undertaken by a third-party actuarial consultancy since 2009. 

At present these reviews are undertaken every twelve months.

We undertake statutory submissions to the BMA and the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. 

Actuarial  opinions  are  required  to  support  the  annual  return. These  opinions  and  the  actuarial  reviews  of  reserves 

supporting these opinions are undertaken by an independent international actuarial consultant.

Actuarial Review

In  preparation  for  the  recommendations  to  the  reserving  committee,  our  actuarial  team  undertakes  a  review 

of the reserves each quarter using a range of widely accepted actuarial methodologies and additional approaches as 

appropriate. The reserving process utilizes proprietary and commercially available actuarial models. Our experience is 

augmented by comparison to industry loss development patterns and other information.

Reserves are not an exact calculation of liability, but rather are estimates of the expected cost of settling claims. 

This  process  relies  on  the  assumption  that  past  experience,  adjusted  for  the  effects  of  current  developments  and 

anticipated  trends,  is  an  appropriate  basis  for  projecting  future  claims  development.  The  estimates  are  based  on 

actuarial and statistical projections of facts and circumstances known at the time of the review, estimates of trends in 

claim frequency, severity and other variable factors, including new bases of liability and general economic conditions. 

These variables can be affected by many factors, including internal and external events, such as changes in claims 

handling procedures, economic inflation, foreign currency movements, legal trends, legislative decisions and changes 

and the recognition of new sources of claims.

Potentially, claims may emerge, particularly claims arising from changes in the legal and regulatory environment, 

the type or magnitude of which we are unable to predict.

Reserves for inward reinsurance may be subject to greater uncertainty than for insurance primarily because, 

as a reinsurer, we rely on (i) the original underwriting decisions made by ceding companies and (ii) information and 

data provided by the ceding companies. As a result, we are subject to the risk that our ceding companies may not have 

adequately evaluated the risks reinsured by us and the premiums ceded may not adequately compensate us for the risks 

we assume. In addition, reinsurance reserves may be less reliable than insurance reserves because of the greater scope 

of losses underlying reinsurance claims, limitations on information provided and the generally longer lapse of time 

from the occurrence of the event to the reporting of the loss to the reinsurer and its settlement.

The estimation of adequate reserves is more difficult and thus more uncertain for claims arising from “long-tail” 
policies, under which claims may not be paid until substantially beyond the end of the policy term. The estimation of 
such liabilities is subject to many complex variables, including the current legal environment, specific settlements that 
may be used as precedents to settle future claims, assumptions regarding trends with respect to claim frequency and 
severity, issues of coverage and the ability to locate defendants. Additional uncertainty also arises from the relative 
lack of development history which also limits the scope of experience on which estimates are based. This is partially 
mitigated by the use and monitoring against market benchmarks.

While every effort is made to ensure we are reserved appropriately, changes in trends and other factors underlying 
our reserve estimates could result in our reserves being inadequate. Because setting reserves is inherently uncertain, 
we cannot provide assurance that our current reserves will prove adequate considering subsequent events. If our loss 
reserves are determined to be inadequate, we will be required to increase our reserves at the time with a corresponding 
reduction in our net income for that year. Such adjustments could have a material adverse effect on our results and our 
financial condition.

Actuarial Methodologies

The main methodologies used to project claims to ultimate include resolution but are not limited to:

Chain  Ladder  Method:  Using  a  development  triangle1  of  cumulative  claims  amounts,  a  set  of  incremental 
development  factors  are  calculated. The  development  factor  is  equal  to  the  ratio  of  the  cumulative  claims  at  each 
development period to that at the previous development period. These development factors are then applied to the most 
recent data point in the triangle to project the current claims to ultimate resolution.

In  selecting  appropriate  development  factors,  a  number  of  important  considerations  are  made  which  require 

actuarial judgement. These include, but are not limited to, the following general principles:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Periods of larger claims volume and more mature development provide more credibility and should be 
given a larger weighting.

Typical  claims  development  would  generally  expect  to  show  a  smooth  and  monotonically  decreasing 
incremental pattern from period to period.

Trends  of  the  individual  factors  within  each  development,  origin  period  and  calendar  year  within  the 
triangle are evaluated.

The relevance of historical experience from older accident years used in projecting the future development 
of more recent accident years must be considered given changes in the mix of business, claims settlement 
processes, reinsurance protections and claims inflation within a class of business over time.

•  Whether claims development is expected to continue beyond the period over which we have historic data 

available must be considered.

Where the credibility of the experience is considered insufficient to enable the selection of development factors 
thought to be representative of future claims development, a relevant market benchmark pattern may be considered, 
where available. Such patterns could be drawn from published industry information (e.g. LMA Lloyd’s triangles, ABI 
or broker industry sector studies) and/or the actuary’s own wider market experience. They would then be adjusted 
as far as is practicably possible and proportionate to the materiality of the business to capture known and expected 
differences in the development characteristics between the benchmark and class of business modelled.

Initial Expected Loss Ratio (“IELR”) Method:  This method estimates ultimate claims for each line of business 
and origin period to be equal to an IELR multiplied by the expected ultimate premium. The unpaid (IBNR) claims is 
the difference between these estimates and the current paid (or case reported) claims.

1 

Development  triangle  means  values  (in  this  case,  cumulative  paid  or  case  reported  claims)  organized  by  year  of  origin 
(typically the applicable accident year) and development period (typically the number of quarters since the commencement 
of the original period).

103

104

126

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Each  year  the  IELRs  are  derived  for  each  line  of  business  as  part  of  the  business  planning  process. Where 
relevant and credible data is available, a “bridging” process is used to inform the selection of the IELRs and itself 
divides each IELR into the following components:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Small Losses (individual losses below a specified threshold);

Large Risk Losses (risk losses greater than a specified threshold);

Modelled Catastrophe Losses (losses arising from perils in countries modelled by our natural catastrophe 
modelling software, currently Verisk); and

Non-Modelled Losses.

The modelling process first considers the IELRs gross of outward reinsurance and then derives the anticipated 
outward reinsurance recoveries resulting from the gross assumptions. The reinsurance program is modelled within a 
capital modelling package (currently Aon’s Tyche).

The aim of the bridging process is to restate trended and developed experience for each past year as if it was the 
experience in the underwriting year. Then the accident year loss ratios are derived by unwinding the underwriting year 
results by half a year. This calculation involves:

• 

• 

For premiums:  Estimating the premium that would be charged for the same group of risks (to the extent 
that  sufficient  information  and  time  allows  this  will  consider  real  rate  changes,  changes  in  the  mix  of 
business, line sizes, attachment points and limits).

For claims:  Modifying past claims amounts for claims inflation, changes in coverage, line size and limits 
(to the extent that sufficient information and time allows this will consider claims inflation, changes in the 
mix of business, line sizes, attachment points and limits).

With the exception of Modelled Losses, an IELR is selected using a credibility-weighted average of the as-if’d, 
trended and developed loss ratios. The IELR for Modelled Losses are taken as being equal to a judgmental average of 
the loss ratio derived from the Average Annual Loss (“AAL”), from IGI’s Natural Catastrophe model, and the as-if’d, 
trended and developed loss ratios for Modelled business experienced historically.

Bornhuetter-Ferguson  (“BF”)  method:  This  method  is  a  blend  of  the  Chain  Ladder  and  IELR  methods. 

Estimates can be made based on both paid claims and case reported claims.

• 

• 

For paid claims:  The BF paid estimate is equal to the paid claims plus the IELR Method ultimate claims 
multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unpaid (derived from the paid claims Chain Ladder 
Method).

For case reported claims:  The BF case reported estimate is equal to the case reported claims plus the 
IELR Method ultimate claims multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unreported (derived 
from the case reported claims Chain Ladder Method).

Other Methodologies:  Additional exposure-based methodologies may be used where enough information is 
available and the materiality of the business, claims or the potential exposures involved are not adequately captured in 
a development triangle. Examples include:

• 

• 

• 

large exposures to known natural catastrophes (such as hurricanes, earthquakes and flood);

large exposures to specific risk losses; and

long-tailed low frequency, high severity classes.

Reserve for Unallocated Loss Adjustment Expenses (“ULAE”)

ULAE amounts are expenses arising from administering claims that are not directly attributable to individual 

claims. These  include  claims  department  salaries,  an  apportionment  of  the  utilities,  computer  depreciation,  office 

buildings depreciation, IT software expenses and investment expenses (Solvency II only) and the outward reinsurance 

department salaries. IGI expresses ULAE as a percentage of the gross unpaid reserves (case estimates and IBNR). IGI 

estimates ULAE reserves using methods that include but are not limited to:

Claims  staffing  Method:  This  methodology  assumes  that  the  ULAE  expenditures  track  in  proportion 

with the number of claims processed, by way of:

New claims reported during each calendar year.

Claims remaining open at the end of each calendar year.

Claims closed during each calendar year.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Paid-to-Paid ratio:  This method assumes that the historic ratio of ULAE to claims paid is consistent and 

that future ULAE is proportional to the unpaid claims.

The Kittle Ratio:  This method is similar to the Paid-to-Paid method, but assumes that future ULAE is 

proportional to the value of claims reported and claims settled.

Ceded Reinsurance and Net IBNR

The outward reinsurance department determines outward reinsurance recoveries arising on case reported claims 

each month end by the application of the outwards program.

Reserves  for  outward  reinsurance  recoveries  on  estimated  IBNR  claims  are  determined  by  the  application 

of reinsurance recovery (“RI”) ratios to the estimated gross IBNRs. This process is undertaken by line of business 

and by year. The derivation of the RI ratio considers each type of reinsurance (Facultative, Proportional Treaty and 

Excess of Loss Treaty) separately. Broadly speaking, estimates of the RI ratio develops over time, commencing at 

the  business  plan  assumption  (for  each  reinsurance  type)  and  ending-up  as  the  ratios  experienced.  Between  these 

times, an approximate subdivision of IBNR is made between pure IBNR and IBNER. The RI ratio applicable to pure 

IBNR being the business plan assumption and to the IBNER being a judgmental selection based on the ratio currently 

experienced.

Reserving Results & Development

As  paid  and  incurred  claims  experience  develop,  our  reserves  are  adjusted  depending  on  how  the  actual 

development  compares  to  that  expected. This  forms  part  of  the  regular  reserving  process,  with  the  adequacy  of 

reserves reviewed on a quarterly basis. If the claims experience is positive relative to expectations, the excess reserve 

is released in the year under review. Conversely, reserve deficiencies result in a negative charge to the current year 

profits.

105

106

127

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Each  year  the  IELRs  are  derived  for  each  line  of  business  as  part  of  the  business  planning  process. Where 

relevant and credible data is available, a “bridging” process is used to inform the selection of the IELRs and itself 

divides each IELR into the following components:

Small Losses (individual losses below a specified threshold);

Large Risk Losses (risk losses greater than a specified threshold);

Modelled Catastrophe Losses (losses arising from perils in countries modelled by our natural catastrophe 

modelling software, currently Verisk); and

Non-Modelled Losses.

The modelling process first considers the IELRs gross of outward reinsurance and then derives the anticipated 

outward reinsurance recoveries resulting from the gross assumptions. The reinsurance program is modelled within a 

capital modelling package (currently Aon’s Tyche).

The aim of the bridging process is to restate trended and developed experience for each past year as if it was the 

experience in the underwriting year. Then the accident year loss ratios are derived by unwinding the underwriting year 

results by half a year. This calculation involves:

• 

For premiums:  Estimating the premium that would be charged for the same group of risks (to the extent 

that  sufficient  information  and  time  allows  this  will  consider  real  rate  changes,  changes  in  the  mix  of 

business, line sizes, attachment points and limits).

• 

For claims:  Modifying past claims amounts for claims inflation, changes in coverage, line size and limits 

(to the extent that sufficient information and time allows this will consider claims inflation, changes in the 

mix of business, line sizes, attachment points and limits).

With the exception of Modelled Losses, an IELR is selected using a credibility-weighted average of the as-if’d, 

trended and developed loss ratios. The IELR for Modelled Losses are taken as being equal to a judgmental average of 

the loss ratio derived from the Average Annual Loss (“AAL”), from IGI’s Natural Catastrophe model, and the as-if’d, 

trended and developed loss ratios for Modelled business experienced historically.

Bornhuetter-Ferguson  (“BF”)  method:  This  method  is  a  blend  of  the  Chain  Ladder  and  IELR  methods. 

Estimates can be made based on both paid claims and case reported claims.

Method).

• 

For case reported claims:  The BF case reported estimate is equal to the case reported claims plus the 

IELR Method ultimate claims multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unreported (derived 

from the case reported claims Chain Ladder Method).

Other Methodologies:  Additional exposure-based methodologies may be used where enough information is 

available and the materiality of the business, claims or the potential exposures involved are not adequately captured in 

a development triangle. Examples include:

large exposures to known natural catastrophes (such as hurricanes, earthquakes and flood);

large exposures to specific risk losses; and

long-tailed low frequency, high severity classes.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Reserve for Unallocated Loss Adjustment Expenses (“ULAE”)

ULAE amounts are expenses arising from administering claims that are not directly attributable to individual 
claims. These  include  claims  department  salaries,  an  apportionment  of  the  utilities,  computer  depreciation,  office 
buildings depreciation, IT software expenses and investment expenses (Solvency II only) and the outward reinsurance 
department salaries. IGI expresses ULAE as a percentage of the gross unpaid reserves (case estimates and IBNR). IGI 
estimates ULAE reserves using methods that include but are not limited to:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Claims  staffing  Method:  This  methodology  assumes  that  the  ULAE  expenditures  track  in  proportion 
with the number of claims processed, by way of:

New claims reported during each calendar year.

Claims remaining open at the end of each calendar year.

Claims closed during each calendar year.

Paid-to-Paid ratio:  This method assumes that the historic ratio of ULAE to claims paid is consistent and 
that future ULAE is proportional to the unpaid claims.

The Kittle Ratio:  This method is similar to the Paid-to-Paid method, but assumes that future ULAE is 
proportional to the value of claims reported and claims settled.

Ceded Reinsurance and Net IBNR

The outward reinsurance department determines outward reinsurance recoveries arising on case reported claims 

each month end by the application of the outwards program.

Reserves  for  outward  reinsurance  recoveries  on  estimated  IBNR  claims  are  determined  by  the  application 
of reinsurance recovery (“RI”) ratios to the estimated gross IBNRs. This process is undertaken by line of business 
and by year. The derivation of the RI ratio considers each type of reinsurance (Facultative, Proportional Treaty and 
Excess of Loss Treaty) separately. Broadly speaking, estimates of the RI ratio develops over time, commencing at 
the  business  plan  assumption  (for  each  reinsurance  type)  and  ending-up  as  the  ratios  experienced.  Between  these 
times, an approximate subdivision of IBNR is made between pure IBNR and IBNER. The RI ratio applicable to pure 
IBNR being the business plan assumption and to the IBNER being a judgmental selection based on the ratio currently 
experienced.

• 

For paid claims:  The BF paid estimate is equal to the paid claims plus the IELR Method ultimate claims 

multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unpaid (derived from the paid claims Chain Ladder 

Reserving Results & Development

As  paid  and  incurred  claims  experience  develop,  our  reserves  are  adjusted  depending  on  how  the  actual 
development  compares  to  that  expected. This  forms  part  of  the  regular  reserving  process,  with  the  adequacy  of 
reserves reviewed on a quarterly basis. If the claims experience is positive relative to expectations, the excess reserve 
is released in the year under review. Conversely, reserve deficiencies result in a negative charge to the current year 
profits.

105

106

128

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          The  following  table  provides  a  reconciliation  of  the  beginning  of  year  and  end  of  year  reserves  for  the 

Reserve releases/strengthening.

financial years 2021 to 2023 and demonstrates the reserve surplus and deficiencies recognized over this year.

IGI Booked Reserves

($) in millions
Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 

Year Ended December 31
2022

2021

2023

beginning of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

447.4 $ 

395.5 $ 

309.8

results contain no margins.

Loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of 

reinsurance:
Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Previous accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance:
Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Previous accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end 
of period  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment 
expenses, net of allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . 
Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 
at end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

$ 

228.4
(39.3)
636.5 $ 

25.8
110.8
136.6 $ 

712.1

212.2

199.5
(42.0)
553.0 $ 

14.9
90.7
105.6 $ 

636.2

188.8

$ 

499.9 $ 

447.4 $ 

193.8
(20.8)
482.8

16.1
71.2
87.3

577.6

182.1

395.5

The following table sets out our claims reserving provisions including ULAE as of December 31, 2023 and 

Increases in Reserves/Decreases in Reserves:  The size of reserves is determined by many factors. Key drivers 

2022:

Change in Case Reserves, IBNR and ULAE

($) in millions
Gross Reported Case Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Reinsurance Reported Case Reserve  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net Reported Case Reserve  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net IBNR Reserves & ULAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment  

$ 
$ 
$ 
$ 

As of 
December 
2023

As of 
December 
2022

Difference

345.4 $ 
117.0 $ 
228.4 $ 
271.5 $ 

308.6 $ 
101.7 $ 
206.9 $ 
240.5 $ 

36.8
15.3
21.5
31.0

52.5

expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

499.9 $ 

447.4 $ 

For the year ended December 31, 2022, net ultimate losses increased by $199.6 million for accident year 2022 
and  decreased  by  $42.0  million  for  accident  years  2021  and  prior. The  decrease  in  prior  years’  ultimate  losses  is 
split  between  $32.8  million  for  the  long-tail  business,  $10.1  million  for  the  short-tail  business  and  an  increase  of 
$0.9 million for the reinsurance book.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  net  ultimate  loss  increased  by  $228.4  million  for  accident  year 
2023 and decreased by $39.3 million for accident years 2022 and prior. The decrease in prior years’ ultimate losses 
is split between $16.9 million for the short-tail business, $19.2 million for the long-tail business and $3.2 million for 
the reinsurance business. Assumptions for future inflation have been updated to reflect an increase in the costs of 
goods and some services and an anticipated knock-on change in wage-related costs. The decrease in ultimate losses is 
however driven by consistent favorable claims experience.

107

108

129

Best Estimate: 

IGI’s actuarial recommended reserve is a “best estimate” of the outstanding (unpaid) claims 

liabilities  (the  Actuarial  Best  Estimate).  This  is  intended  to  represent  the  mathematical  expected  value  of  the 

distribution of reasonably foreseeable outcomes of the unpaid liabilities. The best estimate does not knowingly contain 

any prudence or bias in either direction. While the estimates are likely to change as future experience emerges, any 

changes would only arise as a result of experience being better or worse than current expectations, or from changes in 

our view of the market. These changes will not be as a result of gradual release of implicit or explicit margins as our 

Booked  Reserves:  The  reserving  committee  is  responsible  to  the  board  of  directors  for  the  governance  of 

the reserving process and for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. Key inputs to 

the committee include but are not limited to the quarterly Actuarial Reserve Review, presented by the Group Chief 

Actuary, discussions with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting and findings of external actuarial reviews. 

The booked reserves may differ from the actuarial best estimate.

Time value of money:  As of the date of this annual report, the reserves (determined under U.S. GAAP) make 

no explicit allowance for the time value of money (i.e. reserves are not discounted).

Reserve  Strengthening/Reserving  Release:  Reserve  strengthening  is  the  term  used  when  the  reserves 

established previously are no longer considered sufficient and are increased. The reserve strengthening will give rise 

to a charge against profits during that reporting year, reducing the profit for that year, possibly giving rise to an overall 

loss. Reserve release has the opposite effect.

The  table  below  indicates  that  during  each  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  IGI  has 

recorded reserving releases (item (C)).

that cause increases in the volume of reserves held include:

An increase in the volume of business written;

• 

• 

• 

• 

A change in the mix of business written toward business that takes a longer period to settle;

Incidence of large risk or natural catastrophes; and

Reserve strengthening.

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, IGI had $271.5 million, $240.5 million and $208.5 million of incurred 

but not reported (IBNR) loss reserves including ULAE, respectively, net of reinsurance.

beginning of the year (A)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

240.5 $ 

208.6 $ 

157.5

Change in IGI Booked Net IBNR & ULAE

($) in millions

Carrying balance of IBNR Reserves in Balance Sheet at 

Subsequent Movement in Following Financial year:

IBNR Reserves moved to Incurred Reserves (B) . . . . . . . . . . 

IBNR Reserves release pertaining to prior years (C) . . . . . . . 

IBNR Reserves added for new accident year (D) . . . . . . . . . . 

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

2021

(85.1)

(39.3)

155.4

(57.1)

(42.0)

131.0

(66.7)

(20.7)

138.5

51.1

Net charge to P/L (B+C+D) = (F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

31.0 $ 

31.9 $ 

Carrying balance of IBNR Reserves in Balance Sheet 

ending balance (A+F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

271.5 $ 

240.5 $ 

208.6

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The  following  table  provides  a  reconciliation  of  the  beginning  of  year  and  end  of  year  reserves  for  the 

Reserve releases/strengthening.

financial years 2021 to 2023 and demonstrates the reserve surplus and deficiencies recognized over this year.

IGI Booked Reserves

($) in millions

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 

beginning of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

447.4 $ 

395.5 $ 

309.8

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

2021

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

636.5 $ 

553.0 $ 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

136.6 $ 

105.6 $ 

Loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of 

reinsurance:

Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Previous accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance:

Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Previous accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end 

of period  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment 

expenses, net of allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . 

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 

2022:

Change in Case Reserves, IBNR and ULAE

228.4

(39.3)

25.8

110.8

712.1

212.2

199.5

(42.0)

14.9

90.7

636.2

188.8

The following table sets out our claims reserving provisions including ULAE as of December 31, 2023 and 

($) in millions

Gross Reported Case Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reinsurance Reported Case Reserve  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net Reported Case Reserve  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net IBNR Reserves & ULAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment  

As of 

December 

2023

As of 

December 

2022

Difference

345.4 $ 

117.0 $ 

228.4 $ 

271.5 $ 

308.6 $ 

101.7 $ 

206.9 $ 

240.5 $ 

For the year ended December 31, 2022, net ultimate losses increased by $199.6 million for accident year 2022 

and  decreased  by  $42.0  million  for  accident  years  2021  and  prior. The  decrease  in  prior  years’  ultimate  losses  is 

split  between  $32.8  million  for  the  long-tail  business,  $10.1  million  for  the  short-tail  business  and  an  increase  of 

$0.9 million for the reinsurance book.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  the  net  ultimate  loss  increased  by  $228.4  million  for  accident  year 

2023 and decreased by $39.3 million for accident years 2022 and prior. The decrease in prior years’ ultimate losses 

is split between $16.9 million for the short-tail business, $19.2 million for the long-tail business and $3.2 million for 

the reinsurance business. Assumptions for future inflation have been updated to reflect an increase in the costs of 

goods and some services and an anticipated knock-on change in wage-related costs. The decrease in ultimate losses is 

however driven by consistent favorable claims experience.

193.8

(20.8)

482.8

16.1

71.2

87.3

577.6

182.1

395.5

36.8

15.3

21.5

31.0

52.5

Best Estimate: 

IGI’s actuarial recommended reserve is a “best estimate” of the outstanding (unpaid) claims 
liabilities  (the  Actuarial  Best  Estimate).  This  is  intended  to  represent  the  mathematical  expected  value  of  the 
distribution of reasonably foreseeable outcomes of the unpaid liabilities. The best estimate does not knowingly contain 
any prudence or bias in either direction. While the estimates are likely to change as future experience emerges, any 
changes would only arise as a result of experience being better or worse than current expectations, or from changes in 
our view of the market. These changes will not be as a result of gradual release of implicit or explicit margins as our 
results contain no margins.

Booked  Reserves:  The  reserving  committee  is  responsible  to  the  board  of  directors  for  the  governance  of 
the reserving process and for the recommendation of the quantum of claims reserves to be booked. Key inputs to 
the committee include but are not limited to the quarterly Actuarial Reserve Review, presented by the Group Chief 
Actuary, discussions with the heads of claims, reinsurance and underwriting and findings of external actuarial reviews. 
The booked reserves may differ from the actuarial best estimate.

Time value of money:  As of the date of this annual report, the reserves (determined under U.S. GAAP) make 

no explicit allowance for the time value of money (i.e. reserves are not discounted).

Reserve  Strengthening/Reserving  Release:  Reserve  strengthening  is  the  term  used  when  the  reserves 
established previously are no longer considered sufficient and are increased. The reserve strengthening will give rise 
to a charge against profits during that reporting year, reducing the profit for that year, possibly giving rise to an overall 
loss. Reserve release has the opposite effect.

The  table  below  indicates  that  during  each  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2023,  2022  and  2021,  IGI  has 

at end of the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

499.9 $ 

447.4 $ 

recorded reserving releases (item (C)).

Increases in Reserves/Decreases in Reserves:  The size of reserves is determined by many factors. Key drivers 

that cause increases in the volume of reserves held include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

An increase in the volume of business written;

A change in the mix of business written toward business that takes a longer period to settle;

Incidence of large risk or natural catastrophes; and

Reserve strengthening.

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, IGI had $271.5 million, $240.5 million and $208.5 million of incurred 

but not reported (IBNR) loss reserves including ULAE, respectively, net of reinsurance.

expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

499.9 $ 

447.4 $ 

Change in IGI Booked Net IBNR & ULAE

($) in millions
Carrying balance of IBNR Reserves in Balance Sheet at 

Year Ended December 31
2022

2021

2023

beginning of the year (A)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

240.5 $ 

208.6 $ 

157.5

Subsequent Movement in Following Financial year:
IBNR Reserves moved to Incurred Reserves (B) . . . . . . . . . . 
IBNR Reserves release pertaining to prior years (C) . . . . . . . 
IBNR Reserves added for new accident year (D) . . . . . . . . . . 
Net charge to P/L (B+C+D) = (F). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Carrying balance of IBNR Reserves in Balance Sheet 

ending balance (A+F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

$ 

(85.1)
(39.3)
155.4
31.0 $ 

(57.1)
(42.0)
131.0
31.9 $ 

(66.7)
(20.7)
138.5
51.1

271.5 $ 

240.5 $ 

208.6

107

108

130

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Ultimate Claims Development

E. Critical Accounting Estimates

The table below shows the development of IGI’s net ultimate losses and loss adjustment expenses by accident 

year.

($) in millions
2013. . . . . . . . . . 
2014. . . . . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . . . . 

Initial
123.6
115.9
92.9
98.8
110.3
94.3
124.4
157.8
193.8
199.5
228.4

2+
120.6
79.2
79.8
90.1
116.4
108.5
100.1
145.9
142.3

1+
121.7
90.1
87
94.1
117.2
105
115.7
155.6
162.9
172.2

6+
107.6
65.6
71.9
89.8
109.6

5+
107.7
66.8
72.6
89.2
111.8
110.7

4+
109.5
70.1
73.1
89.2
112.0
103.1
105.3

3+
117.1
73.3
75.3
85.4
113.9
113.0
107.0
150.8

10+
105.5

9+
105.6
66.6

8+
107.1
66.4
72.4

7+
107.3
65.5
72.4
89.1

Net 
Premiums 
Earned

180.6
189.5
155.8
157.9
146.7
183.3
215.5
283.5
336.6
376.4
447.2

For  additional  information  about  our  reserves  and  reserves  development,  see  Note  6  to  IGI’s  consolidated 

financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Effects of Inflation

Inflation may have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations by its effect on interest rates and on 
the cost of settling claims. The potential exists after a catastrophe or other large property loss for the development of 
inflationary pressures in a local economy as the demand for services, such as construction, typically surges. The cost 
of settling claims may also be increased by global commodity price inflation. We take both these factors into account 
when setting reserves for any events where we think they may be material.

Our calculation of reserves for net loss and loss adjustment expenses includes assumptions about future payments 
for settlement of claims and claims-handling expenses. To the extent inflation causes these costs to increase above 
reserves established for these claims, we will be required to increase our loss reserves with a corresponding reduction 
in earnings. The actual effects of inflation on our results cannot be accurately known until claims are ultimately settled.

In addition to general price inflation, we are exposed to a persistent long-term upwards trend in the cost of judicial 
awards for damages. We take this into account in our pricing and reserving of our professional lines of business. We 
also take into account the projected impact of inflation on the likely actions of central banks in the setting of short-term 
interest rates and consequent effects on the yields and prices of fixed interest securities. If inflation, interest rates and 
bond yields increase, this would result in a decrease in the market value of certain of our fixed interest investments. See 
“Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations — Our results of operations, liabilities and investment 
portfolio may be materially affected by conditions impacting the level of interest rates in the global capital markets and 
major economies, such as central bank policies on interest rates and the rate of inflation.”

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

We had no significant research and development policies or activities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 
2022  and  2021.  We  do  not  have  any  patents  or  licenses  that  are  material  for  conducting  our  business,  except  as 
described in this annual report.

Change in assumption

D. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, 
commitments  or  events  for  the  current  fiscal  year  that  will  have  a  material  effect  on  our  net  revenues,  income, 
profitability,  liquidity  or  capital  reserves,  or  that  caused  the  disclosed  financial  information  to  be  not  necessarily 
indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.

Accelerated pattern* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Decelerated pattern* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

451.6

499.9

558.7

* 

Accelerated/Decelerated patterns are shifted by 6 months for long-tail segment and 3 months for short-tail and reinsurance 

segments.

109

110

131

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates 

and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying 

disclosures,  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent  liabilities,  if  any.  Uncertainty  about  these  assumptions  and  estimates 

could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in 

future periods. We evaluate our estimates regularly using information that we believe to be relevant.

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Considerable judgement by management is required in the estimation of amounts due to contract holders arising 

from  claims  made  under  insurance  contracts.  Such  estimates  are  necessarily  based  on  assumptions  about  several 

factors involving varying, and possibly significant, degrees of judgement and uncertainty and actual results may differ 

from management’s estimates resulting in future changes in estimated liabilities.

In particular, estimates have to be made for both the expected ultimate cost of claims reported and the expected 

ultimate cost of claims incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) at the balance sheet date. The primary technique adopted 

by management in estimating the cost of notified and IBNR claims is that of using past claim settlement trends to 

predict  future  claims  settlement  trends.  Claims  requiring  court  or  arbitration  decisions  are  estimated  individually. 

Independent loss adjustors normally estimate property claims. Management reviews its provisions for claims incurred, 

and claims incurred but not reported, on a quarterly basis.

Total carrying amount of reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as at December 31, 2023 and 

2022 was $712.1 million and $636.2 million, respectively. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, gross incurred but not 

reported claims (IBNR) amounted to $366.7 million and $327.7 million respectively out of the total reserve for unpaid 

loss and loss adjustment expenses. Total carrying amount of reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses net 

of reinsurance as at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $499.9 million and $447.4 million, respectively.

Sensitivities

The following tables show the effect on estimated net reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as 

at December 31, 2023 of a change in two of the most critical assumptions in establishing reserves: (i) loss emergence 

patterns, accelerated or decelerated by three and six months; and (ii) expected loss ratios varied by plus or minus ten 

percent. Accelerated loss emergence patterns indicate a higher development percentage of losses, therefore requiring 

lower IBNR than previously expected and hence resulting in a lower ultimate.

Management believes that these scenarios present a reasonable range of variability around the booked reserves 

using standard actuarial techniques. Loss reserves may vary beyond these scenarios in periods of heightened or reduced 

claim activity. The reserves resulting from the changes in the assumptions are not additive and should be considered 

separately. The following tables vary the assumptions employed therein independently. In addition, the tables below do 

not adjust any parameters other than the ones described above.

Reserve for 

unpaid loss 

and loss 

adjustment 

expenses, net of 

reinsurance 

recoverable

($ in millions)

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The table below shows the development of IGI’s net ultimate losses and loss adjustment expenses by accident 

Ultimate Claims Development

year.

2017. . . . . . . . . . 

110.3

117.2

($) in millions

2013. . . . . . . . . . 

2014. . . . . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . . . . 

Initial

123.6

115.9

92.9

98.8

94.3

124.4

157.8

193.8

199.5

228.4

79.2

79.8

90.1

116.4

108.5

100.1

145.9

142.3

90.1

87

94.1

105

115.7

155.6

162.9

172.2

Effects of Inflation

1+

2+

3+

4+

5+

6+

7+

8+

9+

10+

121.7

120.6

117.1

109.5

107.7

107.6

107.3

107.1

105.6

105.5

66.6

66.4

72.4

65.5

72.4

89.1

65.6

71.9

89.8

109.6

66.8

72.6

89.2

111.8

110.7

70.1

73.1

89.2

112.0

103.1

105.3

73.3

75.3

85.4

113.9

113.0

107.0

150.8

Net 

Premiums 

Earned

180.6

189.5

155.8

157.9

146.7

183.3

215.5

283.5

336.6

376.4

447.2

For  additional  information  about  our  reserves  and  reserves  development,  see  Note  6  to  IGI’s  consolidated 

financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report.

Inflation may have a material effect on our consolidated results of operations by its effect on interest rates and on 

the cost of settling claims. The potential exists after a catastrophe or other large property loss for the development of 

inflationary pressures in a local economy as the demand for services, such as construction, typically surges. The cost 

of settling claims may also be increased by global commodity price inflation. We take both these factors into account 

when setting reserves for any events where we think they may be material.

Our calculation of reserves for net loss and loss adjustment expenses includes assumptions about future payments 

for settlement of claims and claims-handling expenses. To the extent inflation causes these costs to increase above 

reserves established for these claims, we will be required to increase our loss reserves with a corresponding reduction 

in earnings. The actual effects of inflation on our results cannot be accurately known until claims are ultimately settled.

In addition to general price inflation, we are exposed to a persistent long-term upwards trend in the cost of judicial 

awards for damages. We take this into account in our pricing and reserving of our professional lines of business. We 

also take into account the projected impact of inflation on the likely actions of central banks in the setting of short-term 

interest rates and consequent effects on the yields and prices of fixed interest securities. If inflation, interest rates and 

bond yields increase, this would result in a decrease in the market value of certain of our fixed interest investments. See 

“Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations — Our results of operations, liabilities and investment 

portfolio may be materially affected by conditions impacting the level of interest rates in the global capital markets and 

major economies, such as central bank policies on interest rates and the rate of inflation.”

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

described in this annual report.

D. Trend Information

Other than as disclosed elsewhere in this annual report, we are not aware of any trends, uncertainties, demands, 

commitments  or  events  for  the  current  fiscal  year  that  will  have  a  material  effect  on  our  net  revenues,  income, 

profitability,  liquidity  or  capital  reserves,  or  that  caused  the  disclosed  financial  information  to  be  not  necessarily 

indicative of future operating results or financial conditions.

E. Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates 
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying 
disclosures,  and  the  disclosure  of  contingent  liabilities,  if  any.  Uncertainty  about  these  assumptions  and  estimates 
could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in 
future periods. We evaluate our estimates regularly using information that we believe to be relevant.

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Considerable judgement by management is required in the estimation of amounts due to contract holders arising 
from  claims  made  under  insurance  contracts.  Such  estimates  are  necessarily  based  on  assumptions  about  several 
factors involving varying, and possibly significant, degrees of judgement and uncertainty and actual results may differ 
from management’s estimates resulting in future changes in estimated liabilities.

In particular, estimates have to be made for both the expected ultimate cost of claims reported and the expected 
ultimate cost of claims incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) at the balance sheet date. The primary technique adopted 
by management in estimating the cost of notified and IBNR claims is that of using past claim settlement trends to 
predict  future  claims  settlement  trends.  Claims  requiring  court  or  arbitration  decisions  are  estimated  individually. 
Independent loss adjustors normally estimate property claims. Management reviews its provisions for claims incurred, 
and claims incurred but not reported, on a quarterly basis.

Total carrying amount of reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as at December 31, 2023 and 
2022 was $712.1 million and $636.2 million, respectively. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, gross incurred but not 
reported claims (IBNR) amounted to $366.7 million and $327.7 million respectively out of the total reserve for unpaid 
loss and loss adjustment expenses. Total carrying amount of reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses net 
of reinsurance as at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $499.9 million and $447.4 million, respectively.

Sensitivities

The following tables show the effect on estimated net reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as 
at December 31, 2023 of a change in two of the most critical assumptions in establishing reserves: (i) loss emergence 
patterns, accelerated or decelerated by three and six months; and (ii) expected loss ratios varied by plus or minus ten 
percent. Accelerated loss emergence patterns indicate a higher development percentage of losses, therefore requiring 
lower IBNR than previously expected and hence resulting in a lower ultimate.

Management believes that these scenarios present a reasonable range of variability around the booked reserves 
using standard actuarial techniques. Loss reserves may vary beyond these scenarios in periods of heightened or reduced 
claim activity. The reserves resulting from the changes in the assumptions are not additive and should be considered 
separately. The following tables vary the assumptions employed therein independently. In addition, the tables below do 
not adjust any parameters other than the ones described above.

Reserve for 
unpaid loss 
and loss 
adjustment 
expenses, net of 
reinsurance 
recoverable
($ in millions)
451.6
499.9
558.7

We had no significant research and development policies or activities for the years ended December 31, 2023, 

2022  and  2021.  We  do  not  have  any  patents  or  licenses  that  are  material  for  conducting  our  business,  except  as 

Change in assumption

Accelerated pattern* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Decelerated pattern* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

* 

Accelerated/Decelerated patterns are shifted by 6 months for long-tail segment and 3 months for short-tail and reinsurance 
segments.

109

110

132

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Change in assumption

Reserve for 
unpaid loss 
and loss 
adjustment 
expenses, net of 
reinsurance 
recoverable
($ in millions)
470.2
499.9
528.7

10% favorable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
10% unfavorable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

ITEM 6.  DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth our current directors and executive officers:

Directors and Executive Officers

Age

Position/Title

Wasef Salim Jabsheh

Walid Wasef Jabsheh

David Anthony

Michael T. Gray

David King

Wanda Mwaura

Andrew J. Poole

Hatem Wasef Jabsheh

Pervez Rizvi

Andreas Loucaides

Executive Chairman of the Board

President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

Director

81

47

69

63

78

51

43

44

62

71

Chief Operating Officer

Chief Financial Officer

Chief Executive Officer, IGI UK

The business address of Wasef Salim Jabsheh, Hatem Wasef Jabsheh and Pervez Rizvi is 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf 

Street,  P.O.  Box  941428, Amman  11194,  Jordan. The  business  address  of  Walid  Wasef  Jabsheh,  David Anthony, 

David King and Andreas Loucaides is 15-18 Lime Street, London, EC3M 7AN, United Kingdom. The business address 

of Michael T. Gray and Andrew J. Poole is 3601 N Interstate 10 Service Rd W, Metairie, LA, 70002, United States. The 

business address of Wanda Mwaura is Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton, HM 11, Bermuda.

Biographical information concerning our directors and executive officers listed above is set forth below.

Wasef  Jabsheh  serves  as  our  Executive  Chairman  of  the  Board,  a  position  he  has  held  since  July  1,  2023. 

Previously, Wasef Jabsheh served as our Chief Executive Officer between March 17, 2020 and June 30, 2023. Wasef 

Jabsheh founded IGI in 2001 and served as the Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of IGI Dubai from 2011 

until March 17, 2020. Wasef Jabsheh has specialized in marine and energy insurance for more than 50 years in various 

prominent roles with the Kuwait Insurance Co and with ADNIC (the Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company) from 

the mid-1970s to the late 1980s. In 1989, Mr. Jabsheh established Middle East Insurance Brokers and two years later 

founded International Marine & General Insurance Co. He also served as a member of the board of directors of HCC 

Insurance Holdings Inc. from 1994 until 1997.

Walid Jabsheh has served as our Chief Executive Officer since July 1, 2023 and as our President and a Director 

since March 17, 2020. Walid Jabsheh joined IGI in 2002 and, prior to his current role at the Company, served as the 

President of IGI Dubai where he played a pivotal role in the growth and development of IGI Dubai. Walid Jabsheh 

began  his  career  at  Manulife  Reinsurance  in  Toronto,  Canada  and  later  joined  LDG  Reinsurance  Corporation,  a 

subsidiary of Houston Casualty Co, in 1998 where he served as Senior Underwriter managing a $30 million book of 

treaty and facultative business.

David Anthony  has  served  as  an  independent  non-executive  Director  since  March  17,  2020.  Mr.  Anthony 

previously served as a non-executive Director on the board of IGI Holdings Dubai Limited from July 2018 through 

March 2020.From March 1994 to June 2018, Mr. Anthony was a Director and Senior Analyst with S&P Global Ratings 

(formerly  Standard  &  Poor’s),  where  he  was  a  lead  rating  analyst  and  a  Chair  of  its  Insurance  Rating  Committee. 

Before joining S&P Global Ratings, Mr. Anthony was Senior Relationship Manager and Vice President, European 

Insurance  Banking  Group,  at  Citibank  N.A.  London  from  June  1987  to April  1992,  and  senior  insurance  analyst 

at Moody’s Investors Service, New York, from April 1992 to March 1994. Mr. Anthony has more than 35 years of 

experience analyzing the insurance and reinsurance industries. During his career he has worked extensively in Europe, 

the Middle East, North Africa and the United States. Mr. Anthony holds a Master of Science degree in Economic 

History from the University of London.

Michael T.  Gray  has  served  as  a  Director  since  March  17,  2020.  Mr.  Gray  has  over  30  years  of  leadership 

experience in the insurance industry. He served on the board of Delwinds Insurance Acquisition Corp., a company 

formed  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  a  business  combination,  which  went  public  in  December  2020  and  closed  its 

initial business combination with FOXO Technologies Inc. in September 2022. He served as the Executive Chairman 

and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of Tiberius  from  its  inception  until  the  closing  of  the  business  combination  between 

Fair Value Measurements of Certain Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction 
between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date.  Refer  to  Item  18,  Notes  2(s)  and  15  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements under “Fair Value” for information on the valuation techniques, including significant inputs and 
assumptions generally used in estimating the fair values of our financial instruments.

Premiums representing amounts due on business written but not yet reported

In  addition  to  reported  premium  income,  we  also  include  an  estimate  for  pipeline  premiums  representing 
amounts due on business written but not yet reported. This is based on management’s judgement of market conditions 
and historical data using premium development patterns evident from active underwriting periods to predict ultimate 
premiums trends at the close of the fiscal period.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses — Fixed Maturity Available-For-Sale Securities

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value at the balance sheet date and are presented 
net of an allowance for expected credit losses. A fixed maturity available-for-sale security is impaired if the fair value 
of the investment is below amortized cost. For fixed maturity securities, the evaluation for a credit loss is generally 
based on the present value of expected cash flows of the security as compared to the amortized cost. On a quarterly 
basis, the Group evaluates all fixed maturity available-for-sale securities for impairment losses. Details regarding our 
processes for the identification of impairments of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities and the recognition of the 
related impairment losses are disclosed in Note 2(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18 of this report. 
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded an allowance for expected credit losses of $353 thousand and $195 
thousand respectively, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, we recorded impairment losses of $158 thousand 
(2022: $195 thousand) (refer to Note 3 for further details).

Allowance for Expected Credit losses — Premiums Receivable

The Group reports its Premiums receivable net of any allowance for expected credit losses. The Group monitors 
credit  risk  associated  with  premiums  receivable  through  its  ongoing  review  of  amounts  outstanding,  aging  of  the 
receivable, historical loss data, and counterparty financial strength measures. The allowance also includes estimated 
uncollectible amounts related to dispute risk. Any allowance for credit losses is charged to “Change in allowance for 
expected credit losses on receivables” in the period the receivable is recorded and revised in subsequent periods to 
reflect changes in the Group’s estimate of expected credit losses.

Allowance for Expected Credit losses — Reinsurance Recoverables

The Company reports its reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, 
including expected credit losses. The allowance is based upon our ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length 
of collection periods, changes in reinsurer credit standing, disputes, applicable coverage defenses and other relevant 
factors. The  Company  uses  a  rating-based  method  to  estimate  the  uncollectible  reinsurance  reserves  due  to  credit 
losses. Under this method, reinsurance credit risk is estimated by considering the reinsurers probability of default. 
Additionally,  reinsurance  recoverables  balances  are  evaluated  to  identify  any  dispute  risk  and  when  required,  an 
additional reserve is recorded. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including amounts due from known insolvent 
reinsurers, are written off against the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as any subsequent collections of 
amounts previously written off, are reported as part of “Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables”.

111

112

133

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Reserve for 

unpaid loss 

and loss 

adjustment 

expenses, net of 

reinsurance 

recoverable

($ in millions)

Change in assumption

10% favorable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

10% unfavorable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

470.2

499.9

528.7

Fair Value Measurements of Certain Financial Assets and Liabilities

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction 

between  market  participants  at  the  measurement  date.  Refer  to  Item  18,  Notes  2(s)  and  15  to  the  Consolidated 

Financial Statements under “Fair Value” for information on the valuation techniques, including significant inputs and 

assumptions generally used in estimating the fair values of our financial instruments.

Premiums representing amounts due on business written but not yet reported

In  addition  to  reported  premium  income,  we  also  include  an  estimate  for  pipeline  premiums  representing 

amounts due on business written but not yet reported. This is based on management’s judgement of market conditions 

and historical data using premium development patterns evident from active underwriting periods to predict ultimate 

premiums trends at the close of the fiscal period.

Allowance for Expected Credit Losses — Fixed Maturity Available-For-Sale Securities

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value at the balance sheet date and are presented 

net of an allowance for expected credit losses. A fixed maturity available-for-sale security is impaired if the fair value 

of the investment is below amortized cost. For fixed maturity securities, the evaluation for a credit loss is generally 

based on the present value of expected cash flows of the security as compared to the amortized cost. On a quarterly 

basis, the Group evaluates all fixed maturity available-for-sale securities for impairment losses. Details regarding our 

processes for the identification of impairments of fixed maturity available-for-sale securities and the recognition of the 

related impairment losses are disclosed in Note 2(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 18 of this report. 

At December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded an allowance for expected credit losses of $353 thousand and $195 

thousand respectively, and for the years ended December 31, 2023, we recorded impairment losses of $158 thousand 

(2022: $195 thousand) (refer to Note 3 for further details).

Allowance for Expected Credit losses — Premiums Receivable

The Group reports its Premiums receivable net of any allowance for expected credit losses. The Group monitors 

credit  risk  associated  with  premiums  receivable  through  its  ongoing  review  of  amounts  outstanding,  aging  of  the 

receivable, historical loss data, and counterparty financial strength measures. The allowance also includes estimated 

uncollectible amounts related to dispute risk. Any allowance for credit losses is charged to “Change in allowance for 

expected credit losses on receivables” in the period the receivable is recorded and revised in subsequent periods to 

reflect changes in the Group’s estimate of expected credit losses.

Allowance for Expected Credit losses — Reinsurance Recoverables

The Company reports its reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, 

including expected credit losses. The allowance is based upon our ongoing review of amounts outstanding, length 

of collection periods, changes in reinsurer credit standing, disputes, applicable coverage defenses and other relevant 

factors. The  Company  uses  a  rating-based  method  to  estimate  the  uncollectible  reinsurance  reserves  due  to  credit 

losses. Under this method, reinsurance credit risk is estimated by considering the reinsurers probability of default. 

Additionally,  reinsurance  recoverables  balances  are  evaluated  to  identify  any  dispute  risk  and  when  required,  an 

additional reserve is recorded. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including amounts due from known insolvent 

reinsurers, are written off against the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as any subsequent collections of 

amounts previously written off, are reported as part of “Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables”.

ITEM 6.  DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth our current directors and executive officers:

Directors and Executive Officers
Wasef Salim Jabsheh
Walid Wasef Jabsheh
David Anthony
Michael T. Gray
David King
Wanda Mwaura
Andrew J. Poole
Hatem Wasef Jabsheh
Pervez Rizvi
Andreas Loucaides

Age
81
47
69
63
78
51
43
44
62
71

Position/Title

Executive Chairman of the Board
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Director
Chief Operating Officer
Chief Financial Officer
Chief Executive Officer, IGI UK

The business address of Wasef Salim Jabsheh, Hatem Wasef Jabsheh and Pervez Rizvi is 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf 
Street,  P.O.  Box  941428, Amman  11194,  Jordan. The  business  address  of  Walid  Wasef  Jabsheh,  David Anthony, 
David King and Andreas Loucaides is 15-18 Lime Street, London, EC3M 7AN, United Kingdom. The business address 
of Michael T. Gray and Andrew J. Poole is 3601 N Interstate 10 Service Rd W, Metairie, LA, 70002, United States. The 
business address of Wanda Mwaura is Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton, HM 11, Bermuda.

Biographical information concerning our directors and executive officers listed above is set forth below.

Wasef  Jabsheh  serves  as  our  Executive  Chairman  of  the  Board,  a  position  he  has  held  since  July  1,  2023. 
Previously, Wasef Jabsheh served as our Chief Executive Officer between March 17, 2020 and June 30, 2023. Wasef 
Jabsheh founded IGI in 2001 and served as the Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman of IGI Dubai from 2011 
until March 17, 2020. Wasef Jabsheh has specialized in marine and energy insurance for more than 50 years in various 
prominent roles with the Kuwait Insurance Co and with ADNIC (the Abu Dhabi National Insurance Company) from 
the mid-1970s to the late 1980s. In 1989, Mr. Jabsheh established Middle East Insurance Brokers and two years later 
founded International Marine & General Insurance Co. He also served as a member of the board of directors of HCC 
Insurance Holdings Inc. from 1994 until 1997.

Walid Jabsheh has served as our Chief Executive Officer since July 1, 2023 and as our President and a Director 
since March 17, 2020. Walid Jabsheh joined IGI in 2002 and, prior to his current role at the Company, served as the 
President of IGI Dubai where he played a pivotal role in the growth and development of IGI Dubai. Walid Jabsheh 
began  his  career  at  Manulife  Reinsurance  in  Toronto,  Canada  and  later  joined  LDG  Reinsurance  Corporation,  a 
subsidiary of Houston Casualty Co, in 1998 where he served as Senior Underwriter managing a $30 million book of 
treaty and facultative business.

David Anthony  has  served  as  an  independent  non-executive  Director  since  March  17,  2020.  Mr.  Anthony 
previously served as a non-executive Director on the board of IGI Holdings Dubai Limited from July 2018 through 
March 2020.From March 1994 to June 2018, Mr. Anthony was a Director and Senior Analyst with S&P Global Ratings 
(formerly  Standard  &  Poor’s),  where  he  was  a  lead  rating  analyst  and  a  Chair  of  its  Insurance  Rating  Committee. 
Before joining S&P Global Ratings, Mr. Anthony was Senior Relationship Manager and Vice President, European 
Insurance  Banking  Group,  at  Citibank  N.A.  London  from  June  1987  to April  1992,  and  senior  insurance  analyst 
at Moody’s Investors Service, New York, from April 1992 to March 1994. Mr. Anthony has more than 35 years of 
experience analyzing the insurance and reinsurance industries. During his career he has worked extensively in Europe, 
the Middle East, North Africa and the United States. Mr. Anthony holds a Master of Science degree in Economic 
History from the University of London.

Michael T.  Gray  has  served  as  a  Director  since  March  17,  2020.  Mr.  Gray  has  over  30  years  of  leadership 
experience in the insurance industry. He served on the board of Delwinds Insurance Acquisition Corp., a company 
formed  for  the  purpose  of  effecting  a  business  combination,  which  went  public  in  December  2020  and  closed  its 
initial business combination with FOXO Technologies Inc. in September 2022. He served as the Executive Chairman 
and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of Tiberius  from  its  inception  until  the  closing  of  the  business  combination  between 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          IGI  and Tiberius  in  March  2020.  He  is  the  principal  executive  and  President  of The  Gray  Insurance  Company,  a 
middle-market  property  and  casualty  insurance  company.  Mr.  Gray  became  President  of  The  Gray  Insurance 
Company in 1996. In addition to his role at The Gray Insurance Company, Mr. Gray has served as Chairman of the 
board of the Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association since 2008 (director since 1995), director of the American 
Property  Casualty  Insurance  Association  (APCI)  since  2019  (and  was  director  of  the  predecessor  organizations 
American  Insurance Association  since  2011  and  Property  Casualty  Insurers Association  of America  since  2010), 
director of the Tulane University Family Business Center Advisory Council since 2008 and, from 1999 to 2003, served 
on the board of directors of Argo Group International Holdings (NASDAQ: AGII), a global property and casualty, 
specialty insurance, and reinsurance products provider. Mr. Gray was the Chairman of the board of Family Security, 
a personal lines/homeowners insurance company, in which The Gray Insurance Company held an ownership interest 
from 2013 to 2015. This culminated in the sale of the company, which Mr. Gray led, to United Insurance Holding 
Corporation  (NASDAQ:  UIHC). The  parent  of The  Gray  Insurance  Company,  Gray  &  Company,  has  acquired  or 
developed several businesses under Mr. Gray’s guidance, including surplus lines insurance and title insurance, casualty 
and  surety  insurance,  oil  production  and  exploration  facilities,  technology  development  and  real  estate.  Mr.  Gray 
holds a B.A. from Southern Methodist University and an MBA from Tulane University. Mr. Gray graduated from the 
Harvard Business School “Presidents Program in Leadership” in 2020.

David King has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Mr. King served as a Non-Executive Director on 
the board of our wholly-owned subsidiary, International General Insurance Holdings Limited, a company organized 
under the laws of the Dubai International Financial Centre (“IGI Dubai”), from November 2012 through 2020. He also 
served as Non-Executive Chairman and a member of the audit committee of International General Insurance Company 
(UK)  Limited,  our  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  until  March  17,  2022.  He  has  served  as  Non-executive  Chairman, 
Audit Committee member and Nomination and Renumeration Committee member of Stratos Markets Limited since 
October 2023. Prior to that, from 2014 until October 2023, Mr. King was Non-executive Chairman, Audit Committee 
member and Nomination and Renumeration Committee member of Forex Capital Markets Ltd. . From 2010 to 2012, 
Mr.  King  was  executive  director  of  Middle  East  business  development  at  China  Construction  Bank  International. 
Prior to that, he was the director of finance and administration of the London Metal Exchange between 1987 and 
1989, chief executive officer of The London Metal Exchange from 1989 to 2001, managing director and acting Chief 
Executive of the Dubai Financial Services Authority from 2003 to 2005 and managing director of global banking in the 
MENA division of HSBC Bank Middle East Limited from 2005 to 2008. David King is a fellow in the Association of 
Chartered Certified Accountants and holds a Master of Business Administration from Cranfield University.

Wanda Mwaura has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Ms. Mwaura has more than 28 years of financial 
services  experience,  with  extensive  reinsurance,  accounting  and  advisory  experience.  She  began  her  career  in  the 
insurance  industry  at  Ernst  & Young  Ltd.  (‘EY’)  in  1996,  specializing  in  financial  services  and  reinsurance.  Ms. 
Mwaura was at EY from 1996 through 2013, including serving as a Partner from 2005 to 2013. She later served as 
the Head of External Reporting and Accounting Policy at PartnerRe, a leading global reinsurer, from October 2013 to 
February 2017, and as External Reporting Director and Chief Accounting Officer at PartnerRe from February 2017 to 
July 2019 and, since August 2019, has been the sole proprietor of Consult.bm, a non-executive director and consulting 
services provider to various entities in Bermuda. Ms. Mwaura is a non-executive director for a Bermuda regulated bank 
and a London Stock Exchange listed independent exploration and production company serving as audit committee 
member and audit and risk committee chair, respectively. She also serves as the Executive Director of the Bermuda 
Public Accountability Board in Bermuda. Ms. Mwaura holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Co-op) degree from Dalhousie 
University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) and a member of CPA Bermuda.

Andrew J. Poole has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Mr. Poole previously served as a non-executive 
Director  of  FOXO Technologies  Inc.  from  the  September  2022  closing  of  a  business  combination  with  Delwinds 
Insurance  Acquisition  Corp.  (Delwinds),  a  blank  check  company  which  went  public  in  December  2020  with 
$201.250  million  held  in  trust,  until  November  2023.  He  was  previously  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 
Chief Executive Officer of Delwinds. Mr. Poole has over 19 years of diversified investment experience. Mr. Poole 
was the Chief Investment Officer of Tiberius, a blank check company which went public in March 2018 and which 
consummated its initial business combination with IGI. Concurrently, from 2015 through December 2022, Mr. Poole 
was an investment consultant at The Gray Insurance Company. Mr. Poole’s most recent role prior to joining Tiberius 
and The Gray Insurance Company was as Partner and Portfolio Manager at Scoria Capital Partners, LP, a long/short 
equity  hedge  fund,  where  he  managed  a  portion  of  the  firm’s  capital  including  insurance  sector  investments  from 
2013  to  2015.  Prior  to  Scoria,  Mr.  Poole  held  various  positions  at  Diamondback  Capital  Management  from  2005 
to 2012 (including Portfolio Manager from 2011 onwards) and SAC Capital from 2004 to 2005, both of which are 

multi-strategy multi-manager cross capital structure long/short hedge funds. Earlier, Mr. Poole started his career at 

Swiss Re (SIX: SREN) working in facultative property placements in 2003 and was on the Board of Family Security, a 

personal lines insurance company, from 2013 to 2015 prior to the sale of the company to American Coastal Insurance 

Corporation (Nasdaq: ACIC) (f/k/a United Insurance Holdings Corporation). Mr. Poole is a graduate of The George 

Washington University.

Hatem Jabsheh has served as our Chief Operating Officer since March 17, 2020. Mr. Jabsheh has been IGI’s 

Group Chief Operating Officer since 2017, and IGI’s Chief Investment Officer since 2010. Mr. Jabsheh began his 

career in 2001 with Spear, Leads, and Kellogg, a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs. He worked in several pits at the CBOE 

(Chicago Board Options Exchange) and CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) as a primary market maker. He then 

moved to Amman, Jordan in 2004 to set up Indemaj Financial, an asset management and brokerage company, which he 

successfully sold in 2009. In 2006, Mr. Jabsheh set up Indemaj Technology, an open-source web development company, 

which was also later sold in 2012. His 22-year professional career spans executive roles in the asset management sector 

and reinsurance, all underscored by an aim to promote innovation and transformation. He is actively involved in the 

tech community, promoting disruption within the reinsurance industry. Mr. Jabsheh currently serves on the boards 

of  the  Swiss  Jordanian  Business  Club  and  the  United  Cable  Industries  Company.  Hatem  Jabsheh  is  a  graduate  of 

Marquette University with a dual major in International Business and Finance and a minor in History.

Pervez Rizvi has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 17, 2020. Mr. Rizvi has served as the Group 

Chief Financial Officer of IGI Dubai since 2015. He has over 38 years of experience out of which 35 years are in the 

insurance and banking sectors. He obtained a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounts and Management followed by a CA 

(India) and a CPA (USA). Mr. Rizvi is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Mr. Rizvi began 

his insurance career with the Life Insurance Corporation of India in 1989 and later worked with a number of financial 

institutions and insurance companies in the Middle East and Far East including HSBC Bank in the UAE and Malaysia 

and Zurich Financial Services in DIFC, Dubai.

Andreas Loucaides has served as the Chief Executive Officer of IGI UK since 2015. He began his career in 

the insurance industry in 1971, joining syndicate 702 at Lloyd’s which was sold to Markel in 2000. He later founded 

a startup insurance company, PRI Group Plc (an FSA licensed A- rated AIM listed company with a market cap of 

£120 million) in 2002 as Chief Executive Officer. Following the profitable sale of PRI Group plc to Brit Holdings, 

Mr. Loucaides joined Catlin UK in 2004 as the Chief Executive Officer. In 2008, he joined Jubilee Group at Lloyd’s as 

the CEO, overseeing the sale to Ryan Specialty Group in 2011. In 2012, Mr. Loucaides joined Lloyd’s Syndicate 2526, 

assisting with its sale to AmTrust and supporting AmTrust in its purchase of Sagicor at Lloyd’s.

Classification of Directors

Our board of directors is comprised of seven directors. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our 

board of directors is divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III with as nearly equal a 

number of directors in each group as possible. The Class I Directors were initially elected for a one-year term of office, 

the Class II Directors were initially elected for a two year term of office and the Class III Directors were initially 

elected for a three-year term of office. At each annual general meeting, successors to the class of directors whose term 

expires at that annual general meeting shall be elected for a three-year term. A director will hold office until the annual 

general meeting for the year in which his or her term expires, subject to his or her office being vacated in accordance 

with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

David Anthony and David King are Class I Directors with terms expiring at our 2024 annual general meeting. 

Wanda Mwaura and Andrew Poole are Class II Directors with terms expiring at our 2025 annual general meeting. 

Wasef Jabsheh, Walid Jabsheh and Michael Gray are Class III Directors with terms expiring at our 2026 annual general 

meeting.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that, if an eligible shareholder intends to nominate a person for 

election as a director, (a) at an annual general meeting, such notice must be given not less than 90 days nor more 

than 120 days before the anniversary of the last annual general meeting or, in the event the annual general meeting is 

called for a date that is not 30 days before or after such anniversary, the notice must be given not later than ten days 

following the earlier of the date on which notice of the annual general meeting was posted to shareholders or the date 

on which public disclosure of the date of the annual general meeting was made and (b) at a special general meeting, 

such notice must be given not later than 10 days following the earlier of the date on which notice of the special general 

meeting was posted to shareholders or the date on which public disclosure of the date of the special general meeting 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023IGI  and Tiberius  in  March  2020.  He  is  the  principal  executive  and  President  of The  Gray  Insurance  Company,  a 

middle-market  property  and  casualty  insurance  company.  Mr.  Gray  became  President  of  The  Gray  Insurance 

Company in 1996. In addition to his role at The Gray Insurance Company, Mr. Gray has served as Chairman of the 

board of the Louisiana Insurance Guaranty Association since 2008 (director since 1995), director of the American 

Property  Casualty  Insurance  Association  (APCI)  since  2019  (and  was  director  of  the  predecessor  organizations 

American  Insurance Association  since  2011  and  Property  Casualty  Insurers Association  of America  since  2010), 

director of the Tulane University Family Business Center Advisory Council since 2008 and, from 1999 to 2003, served 

on the board of directors of Argo Group International Holdings (NASDAQ: AGII), a global property and casualty, 

specialty insurance, and reinsurance products provider. Mr. Gray was the Chairman of the board of Family Security, 

a personal lines/homeowners insurance company, in which The Gray Insurance Company held an ownership interest 

from 2013 to 2015. This culminated in the sale of the company, which Mr. Gray led, to United Insurance Holding 

Corporation  (NASDAQ:  UIHC). The  parent  of The  Gray  Insurance  Company,  Gray  &  Company,  has  acquired  or 

developed several businesses under Mr. Gray’s guidance, including surplus lines insurance and title insurance, casualty 

and  surety  insurance,  oil  production  and  exploration  facilities,  technology  development  and  real  estate.  Mr.  Gray 

holds a B.A. from Southern Methodist University and an MBA from Tulane University. Mr. Gray graduated from the 

Harvard Business School “Presidents Program in Leadership” in 2020.

David King has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Mr. King served as a Non-Executive Director on 

the board of our wholly-owned subsidiary, International General Insurance Holdings Limited, a company organized 

under the laws of the Dubai International Financial Centre (“IGI Dubai”), from November 2012 through 2020. He also 

served as Non-Executive Chairman and a member of the audit committee of International General Insurance Company 

(UK)  Limited,  our  wholly-owned  subsidiary,  until  March  17,  2022.  He  has  served  as  Non-executive  Chairman, 

Audit Committee member and Nomination and Renumeration Committee member of Stratos Markets Limited since 

October 2023. Prior to that, from 2014 until October 2023, Mr. King was Non-executive Chairman, Audit Committee 

member and Nomination and Renumeration Committee member of Forex Capital Markets Ltd. . From 2010 to 2012, 

Mr.  King  was  executive  director  of  Middle  East  business  development  at  China  Construction  Bank  International. 

Prior to that, he was the director of finance and administration of the London Metal Exchange between 1987 and 

1989, chief executive officer of The London Metal Exchange from 1989 to 2001, managing director and acting Chief 

Executive of the Dubai Financial Services Authority from 2003 to 2005 and managing director of global banking in the 

MENA division of HSBC Bank Middle East Limited from 2005 to 2008. David King is a fellow in the Association of 

Chartered Certified Accountants and holds a Master of Business Administration from Cranfield University.

Wanda Mwaura has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Ms. Mwaura has more than 28 years of financial 

services  experience,  with  extensive  reinsurance,  accounting  and  advisory  experience.  She  began  her  career  in  the 

insurance  industry  at  Ernst  & Young  Ltd.  (‘EY’)  in  1996,  specializing  in  financial  services  and  reinsurance.  Ms. 

Mwaura was at EY from 1996 through 2013, including serving as a Partner from 2005 to 2013. She later served as 

the Head of External Reporting and Accounting Policy at PartnerRe, a leading global reinsurer, from October 2013 to 

February 2017, and as External Reporting Director and Chief Accounting Officer at PartnerRe from February 2017 to 

July 2019 and, since August 2019, has been the sole proprietor of Consult.bm, a non-executive director and consulting 

services provider to various entities in Bermuda. Ms. Mwaura is a non-executive director for a Bermuda regulated bank 

and a London Stock Exchange listed independent exploration and production company serving as audit committee 

member and audit and risk committee chair, respectively. She also serves as the Executive Director of the Bermuda 

Public Accountability Board in Bermuda. Ms. Mwaura holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Co-op) degree from Dalhousie 

University and is a Chartered Professional Accountant (CPA) and a member of CPA Bermuda.

Andrew J. Poole has served as a Director since March 17, 2020. Mr. Poole previously served as a non-executive 

Director  of  FOXO Technologies  Inc.  from  the  September  2022  closing  of  a  business  combination  with  Delwinds 

Insurance  Acquisition  Corp.  (Delwinds),  a  blank  check  company  which  went  public  in  December  2020  with 

$201.250  million  held  in  trust,  until  November  2023.  He  was  previously  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and 

Chief Executive Officer of Delwinds. Mr. Poole has over 19 years of diversified investment experience. Mr. Poole 

was the Chief Investment Officer of Tiberius, a blank check company which went public in March 2018 and which 

consummated its initial business combination with IGI. Concurrently, from 2015 through December 2022, Mr. Poole 

was an investment consultant at The Gray Insurance Company. Mr. Poole’s most recent role prior to joining Tiberius 

and The Gray Insurance Company was as Partner and Portfolio Manager at Scoria Capital Partners, LP, a long/short 

equity  hedge  fund,  where  he  managed  a  portion  of  the  firm’s  capital  including  insurance  sector  investments  from 

2013  to  2015.  Prior  to  Scoria,  Mr.  Poole  held  various  positions  at  Diamondback  Capital  Management  from  2005 

to 2012 (including Portfolio Manager from 2011 onwards) and SAC Capital from 2004 to 2005, both of which are 

multi-strategy multi-manager cross capital structure long/short hedge funds. Earlier, Mr. Poole started his career at 
Swiss Re (SIX: SREN) working in facultative property placements in 2003 and was on the Board of Family Security, a 
personal lines insurance company, from 2013 to 2015 prior to the sale of the company to American Coastal Insurance 
Corporation (Nasdaq: ACIC) (f/k/a United Insurance Holdings Corporation). Mr. Poole is a graduate of The George 
Washington University.

Hatem Jabsheh has served as our Chief Operating Officer since March 17, 2020. Mr. Jabsheh has been IGI’s 
Group Chief Operating Officer since 2017, and IGI’s Chief Investment Officer since 2010. Mr. Jabsheh began his 
career in 2001 with Spear, Leads, and Kellogg, a subsidiary of Goldman Sachs. He worked in several pits at the CBOE 
(Chicago Board Options Exchange) and CME (Chicago Mercantile Exchange) as a primary market maker. He then 
moved to Amman, Jordan in 2004 to set up Indemaj Financial, an asset management and brokerage company, which he 
successfully sold in 2009. In 2006, Mr. Jabsheh set up Indemaj Technology, an open-source web development company, 
which was also later sold in 2012. His 22-year professional career spans executive roles in the asset management sector 
and reinsurance, all underscored by an aim to promote innovation and transformation. He is actively involved in the 
tech community, promoting disruption within the reinsurance industry. Mr. Jabsheh currently serves on the boards 
of  the  Swiss  Jordanian  Business  Club  and  the  United  Cable  Industries  Company.  Hatem  Jabsheh  is  a  graduate  of 
Marquette University with a dual major in International Business and Finance and a minor in History.

Pervez Rizvi has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 17, 2020. Mr. Rizvi has served as the Group 
Chief Financial Officer of IGI Dubai since 2015. He has over 38 years of experience out of which 35 years are in the 
insurance and banking sectors. He obtained a Bachelor of Commerce in Accounts and Management followed by a CA 
(India) and a CPA (USA). Mr. Rizvi is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Mr. Rizvi began 
his insurance career with the Life Insurance Corporation of India in 1989 and later worked with a number of financial 
institutions and insurance companies in the Middle East and Far East including HSBC Bank in the UAE and Malaysia 
and Zurich Financial Services in DIFC, Dubai.

Andreas Loucaides has served as the Chief Executive Officer of IGI UK since 2015. He began his career in 
the insurance industry in 1971, joining syndicate 702 at Lloyd’s which was sold to Markel in 2000. He later founded 
a startup insurance company, PRI Group Plc (an FSA licensed A- rated AIM listed company with a market cap of 
£120 million) in 2002 as Chief Executive Officer. Following the profitable sale of PRI Group plc to Brit Holdings, 
Mr. Loucaides joined Catlin UK in 2004 as the Chief Executive Officer. In 2008, he joined Jubilee Group at Lloyd’s as 
the CEO, overseeing the sale to Ryan Specialty Group in 2011. In 2012, Mr. Loucaides joined Lloyd’s Syndicate 2526, 
assisting with its sale to AmTrust and supporting AmTrust in its purchase of Sagicor at Lloyd’s.

Classification of Directors

Our board of directors is comprised of seven directors. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our 
board of directors is divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III with as nearly equal a 
number of directors in each group as possible. The Class I Directors were initially elected for a one-year term of office, 
the Class II Directors were initially elected for a two year term of office and the Class III Directors were initially 
elected for a three-year term of office. At each annual general meeting, successors to the class of directors whose term 
expires at that annual general meeting shall be elected for a three-year term. A director will hold office until the annual 
general meeting for the year in which his or her term expires, subject to his or her office being vacated in accordance 
with our Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

David Anthony and David King are Class I Directors with terms expiring at our 2024 annual general meeting. 
Wanda Mwaura and Andrew Poole are Class II Directors with terms expiring at our 2025 annual general meeting. 
Wasef Jabsheh, Walid Jabsheh and Michael Gray are Class III Directors with terms expiring at our 2026 annual general 
meeting.

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that, if an eligible shareholder intends to nominate a person for 
election as a director, (a) at an annual general meeting, such notice must be given not less than 90 days nor more 
than 120 days before the anniversary of the last annual general meeting or, in the event the annual general meeting is 
called for a date that is not 30 days before or after such anniversary, the notice must be given not later than ten days 
following the earlier of the date on which notice of the annual general meeting was posted to shareholders or the date 
on which public disclosure of the date of the annual general meeting was made and (b) at a special general meeting, 
such notice must be given not later than 10 days following the earlier of the date on which notice of the special general 
meeting was posted to shareholders or the date on which public disclosure of the date of the special general meeting 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          was made. An eligible shareholder is a shareholder holding in the aggregate at least 5% of our issued and outstanding 
share capital who has held such amount for at least three years following the date of adoption of the Amended and 
Restated Bye-Laws.

The directors are elected with a plurality of the votes cast by the shareholders and there is no cumulative voting 

for elections of directors, subject to the following:

• 

• 

for  so  long  as  Wasef  Jabsheh,  his  family  and/or  their  affiliates  own  at  least  10%  of  our  issued  and 
outstanding common shares and provided that Wasef Jabsheh remains a shareholder, Wasef Jabsheh is 
entitled to appoint and classify two directors to the board of directors;

for so long as Wasef Jabsheh, his family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% of our issued and outstanding 
common  shares  and  provided  that  Wasef  Jabsheh  remains  a  shareholder,  Wasef  Jabsheh  is  entitled  to 
appoint and classify one director to the board of directors; and

• 

the remaining directors are elected by the shareholders.

Currently, Mr. Jabsheh’s appointed directors — Wasef Jabsheh and Walid Jabsheh — are serving as Class III 

Directors with their terms expiring at our 2026 annual general meeting.

Family Relationships

Wasef  Jabsheh,  our  Executive  Chairman,  is  the  father  of Walid  Jabsheh,  our  President  and  Chief  Executive 
Officer, and Hatem Jabsheh, our Chief Operating Officer. He is also the father of Hani Jabsheh, who was a non-executive 
director of IGI Dubai until shortly after the consummation of the Business Combination, and the uncle of Mohammad 
Abu Ghazaleh, who was the Chairman of the board of directors of IGI Dubai until shortly after the consummation of 
the Business Combination.

B. Compensation

The aggregate amount of cash compensation, consisting of salaries, bonuses and other short-term benefits paid 
by us to our executive officers collectively during 2023, was approximately $6.7 million for services in all capacities. 
In addition, we have accrued $2.1 million of long-term benefits as of December 31, 2023 (in the form of the earn-out 
value of shares) in connection with the grant of restricted shares to certain executive officers.

The aggregate amount of cash compensation paid and accrued to our non-employee directors during 2023 was 

committee will determine the level of achievement for each corporate goal.

approximately $0.5 million.

In  February  2023,  our  board  of  directors  approved  the  grant  of  an  aggregate  of  379,000  restricted  shares  to 
certain  executive  officers. These  shares  vest  in  three  equal  installments  on  January  2,  2024,  January  2,  2025  and 
January 2, 2026. The aggregate grant date fair value of the restricted shares granted to these executive officers was 
approximately $3.1 million.

In March 2023, our board of directors awarded 129,808 restricted shares to Wasef Jabsheh. These shares vest in 
three equal installments on January 2, 2024, January 2, 2025 and January 2, 2026. The grant date fair value of these 
restricted shares was $1.1 million.

Executive Officer Compensation

Our policies with respect to the compensation of our executive officers are administered by our board of directors 
in consultation with our compensation committee. The compensation policies followed by us are intended to provide 
for compensation that is sufficient to attract, motivate and retain executives of outstanding potential and to establish 
an  appropriate  relationship  between  executive  compensation  and  the  creation  of  shareholder  value. To  meet  these 
goals, the compensation committee is charged with recommending executive compensation packages to our board of 
directors.

Equity-based compensation is an important foundation of the executive compensation package as we believe it 
is important to maintain a strong link between executive incentives and the creation of shareholder value. We believe 
that  equity-based  compensation  can  be  an  important  component  of  the  total  executive  compensation  package  for 
maximizing shareholder value while, at the same time, attracting, motivating and retaining high-quality executives.

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We intend to be competitive with other similarly situated companies in the insurance industry. The compensation 

decisions  regarding  our  executives  are  based  on  our  need  to  attract  individuals  with  the  skills  necessary  for  us  to 

achieve our business plan, to reward those individuals fairly over time, and to retain those individuals who continue to 

perform at or above our expectations.

As  of  the  date  of  this  annual  report,  we  have  not  adopted  any  formal  or  informal  policies  or  guidelines  for 

allocating  compensation  between  long-term  and  currently  paid  out  compensation,  between  cash  and  non-cash 

compensation, or among different forms of compensation.

In addition to the guidance provided by our compensation committee, we may utilize the services of third parties 

from time to time in connection with the hiring and compensation awarded to executive employees. This could include 

subscriptions to executive compensation surveys and other databases.

Director Compensation

We have established a compensation program for our directors who are not executive officers of the Company, 

which consists of an annual retainer, meeting fees for attending board and committee meetings, and a fee for serving 

as  chairman  of  a  committee.  We  will  also  reimburse  our  directors  for  reasonable  documented  expenses  incurred 

in connection with the performance of their duties as directors, including travel expenses in connection with their 

attendance at board and committee meetings. Our directors who are also executive officers of the Company will not 

receive additional compensation for serving as directors.

Executive Compensation Components

Base Salary.  We seek to maintain base salary amounts at or near the industry norms, while avoiding paying 

amounts in excess of what we believe is necessary to motivate executives to meet corporate goals. Base salaries are 

generally reviewed annually, subject to the terms of employment agreements, and the compensation committee and 

board will seek to adjust base salary amounts to realign such salaries with industry norms after taking into account 

individual responsibilities, performance and experience.

Annual Bonuses.  We utilize cash incentive bonuses for executives to focus them on achieving key operational 

and financial objectives within a yearly time horizon. Near the beginning of each year, our board of directors, upon the 

recommendation of the compensation committee and subject to applicable employment agreements, will determine 

performance parameters for appropriate executives. At the end of each year, the board of directors and compensation 

Equity  Awards.  We  have  established  an  equity  incentive  plan  to  incentivize  our  employees,  consultants, 

advisors and other persons who perform services for us. A description of the 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and 

the awards that may be made under this plan is set forth in the section entitled “— Description of the 2020 Omnibus 

Incentive Plan.” Equity awards constitute a significant portion of executive compensation.

Severance  Benefit.  Other  than  as  provided  in  applicable  employment  agreements,  we  currently  have  no 

severance benefits plan. We may consider the adoption of a severance plan for executive officers and other employees 

in the future.

Employment Agreements

We have previously entered into employment agreements with our Executive Chairman, President and Chief 

Executive Officer, and Chief Operating Officer. In preparing these employment agreements, the Company utilized 

certain benchmarking data prepared by a third party. The employment agreements have a fixed term of three years, 

with annual renewals thereafter, subject to termination after a specified notice period. Each executive is entitled to 

an annual salary, to be reviewed each year, an annual target bonus opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), 

and an annual long term incentive opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), with cash amounts being paid in 

U.S. Dollar. The annual long term incentive opportunities are 150%, 150% and 100% of the executive’s base salary, 

respectively. Due to his expatriate status working in the United Kingdom, the President and Chief Executive Officer 

is entitled to a tax-gross up with respect to his base salary and bonus, and a housing allowance of up to £120,000 

annually. The Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer are entitled to the use of private aircraft in 

connection with their travel outside of Jordan. The employment agreements contain severance provisions whereby, if 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023was made. An eligible shareholder is a shareholder holding in the aggregate at least 5% of our issued and outstanding 

share capital who has held such amount for at least three years following the date of adoption of the Amended and 

Restated Bye-Laws.

The directors are elected with a plurality of the votes cast by the shareholders and there is no cumulative voting 

for elections of directors, subject to the following:

• 

for  so  long  as  Wasef  Jabsheh,  his  family  and/or  their  affiliates  own  at  least  10%  of  our  issued  and 

outstanding common shares and provided that Wasef Jabsheh remains a shareholder, Wasef Jabsheh is 

entitled to appoint and classify two directors to the board of directors;

• 

for so long as Wasef Jabsheh, his family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% of our issued and outstanding 

common  shares  and  provided  that  Wasef  Jabsheh  remains  a  shareholder,  Wasef  Jabsheh  is  entitled  to 

appoint and classify one director to the board of directors; and

• 

the remaining directors are elected by the shareholders.

Currently, Mr. Jabsheh’s appointed directors — Wasef Jabsheh and Walid Jabsheh — are serving as Class III 

Directors with their terms expiring at our 2026 annual general meeting.

Wasef  Jabsheh,  our  Executive  Chairman,  is  the  father  of Walid  Jabsheh,  our  President  and  Chief  Executive 

Officer, and Hatem Jabsheh, our Chief Operating Officer. He is also the father of Hani Jabsheh, who was a non-executive 

director of IGI Dubai until shortly after the consummation of the Business Combination, and the uncle of Mohammad 

Abu Ghazaleh, who was the Chairman of the board of directors of IGI Dubai until shortly after the consummation of 

Family Relationships

the Business Combination.

B. Compensation

The aggregate amount of cash compensation, consisting of salaries, bonuses and other short-term benefits paid 

by us to our executive officers collectively during 2023, was approximately $6.7 million for services in all capacities. 

In addition, we have accrued $2.1 million of long-term benefits as of December 31, 2023 (in the form of the earn-out 

value of shares) in connection with the grant of restricted shares to certain executive officers.

The aggregate amount of cash compensation paid and accrued to our non-employee directors during 2023 was 

approximately $0.5 million.

In  February  2023,  our  board  of  directors  approved  the  grant  of  an  aggregate  of  379,000  restricted  shares  to 

certain  executive  officers. These  shares  vest  in  three  equal  installments  on  January  2,  2024,  January  2,  2025  and 

January 2, 2026. The aggregate grant date fair value of the restricted shares granted to these executive officers was 

approximately $3.1 million.

In March 2023, our board of directors awarded 129,808 restricted shares to Wasef Jabsheh. These shares vest in 

three equal installments on January 2, 2024, January 2, 2025 and January 2, 2026. The grant date fair value of these 

restricted shares was $1.1 million.

Executive Officer Compensation

Our policies with respect to the compensation of our executive officers are administered by our board of directors 

in consultation with our compensation committee. The compensation policies followed by us are intended to provide 

for compensation that is sufficient to attract, motivate and retain executives of outstanding potential and to establish 

an  appropriate  relationship  between  executive  compensation  and  the  creation  of  shareholder  value. To  meet  these 

goals, the compensation committee is charged with recommending executive compensation packages to our board of 

directors.

Equity-based compensation is an important foundation of the executive compensation package as we believe it 

is important to maintain a strong link between executive incentives and the creation of shareholder value. We believe 

that  equity-based  compensation  can  be  an  important  component  of  the  total  executive  compensation  package  for 

maximizing shareholder value while, at the same time, attracting, motivating and retaining high-quality executives.

We intend to be competitive with other similarly situated companies in the insurance industry. The compensation 
decisions  regarding  our  executives  are  based  on  our  need  to  attract  individuals  with  the  skills  necessary  for  us  to 
achieve our business plan, to reward those individuals fairly over time, and to retain those individuals who continue to 
perform at or above our expectations.

As  of  the  date  of  this  annual  report,  we  have  not  adopted  any  formal  or  informal  policies  or  guidelines  for 
allocating  compensation  between  long-term  and  currently  paid  out  compensation,  between  cash  and  non-cash 
compensation, or among different forms of compensation.

In addition to the guidance provided by our compensation committee, we may utilize the services of third parties 
from time to time in connection with the hiring and compensation awarded to executive employees. This could include 
subscriptions to executive compensation surveys and other databases.

Director Compensation

We have established a compensation program for our directors who are not executive officers of the Company, 
which consists of an annual retainer, meeting fees for attending board and committee meetings, and a fee for serving 
as  chairman  of  a  committee.  We  will  also  reimburse  our  directors  for  reasonable  documented  expenses  incurred 
in connection with the performance of their duties as directors, including travel expenses in connection with their 
attendance at board and committee meetings. Our directors who are also executive officers of the Company will not 
receive additional compensation for serving as directors.

Executive Compensation Components

Base Salary.  We seek to maintain base salary amounts at or near the industry norms, while avoiding paying 
amounts in excess of what we believe is necessary to motivate executives to meet corporate goals. Base salaries are 
generally reviewed annually, subject to the terms of employment agreements, and the compensation committee and 
board will seek to adjust base salary amounts to realign such salaries with industry norms after taking into account 
individual responsibilities, performance and experience.

Annual Bonuses.  We utilize cash incentive bonuses for executives to focus them on achieving key operational 
and financial objectives within a yearly time horizon. Near the beginning of each year, our board of directors, upon the 
recommendation of the compensation committee and subject to applicable employment agreements, will determine 
performance parameters for appropriate executives. At the end of each year, the board of directors and compensation 
committee will determine the level of achievement for each corporate goal.

Equity  Awards.  We  have  established  an  equity  incentive  plan  to  incentivize  our  employees,  consultants, 
advisors and other persons who perform services for us. A description of the 2020 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan and 
the awards that may be made under this plan is set forth in the section entitled “— Description of the 2020 Omnibus 
Incentive Plan.” Equity awards constitute a significant portion of executive compensation.

Severance  Benefit.  Other  than  as  provided  in  applicable  employment  agreements,  we  currently  have  no 
severance benefits plan. We may consider the adoption of a severance plan for executive officers and other employees 
in the future.

Employment Agreements

We have previously entered into employment agreements with our Executive Chairman, President and Chief 
Executive Officer, and Chief Operating Officer. In preparing these employment agreements, the Company utilized 
certain benchmarking data prepared by a third party. The employment agreements have a fixed term of three years, 
with annual renewals thereafter, subject to termination after a specified notice period. Each executive is entitled to 
an annual salary, to be reviewed each year, an annual target bonus opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), 
and an annual long term incentive opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), with cash amounts being paid in 
U.S. Dollar. The annual long term incentive opportunities are 150%, 150% and 100% of the executive’s base salary, 
respectively. Due to his expatriate status working in the United Kingdom, the President and Chief Executive Officer 
is entitled to a tax-gross up with respect to his base salary and bonus, and a housing allowance of up to £120,000 
annually. The Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer are entitled to the use of private aircraft in 
connection with their travel outside of Jordan. The employment agreements contain severance provisions whereby, if 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          the executive is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason, then the executive will be paid a lump sum 
payment calculated based on his salary and bonus. If the executive is terminated for cause, the agreements provide that 
the executive would receive no amounts other than amounts accrued at the date of termination and any vested benefits 
under company benefit plans. The executives’ employment would automatically terminate upon a change of control 
and, in this event, the executive would receive a severance benefit equal to three times the officer’s highest salary, 
bonus and equity award over the prior three years, and in connection with such a change of control and termination 
of employment, all unvested equity awards would become fully vested. The agreements also contain limitations on 
outside activities, include confidentiality obligations, and include covenants restricting the solicitation of employees 
and customers and a non-compete for 12 months following termination of employment. The employment agreements 
are governed by English law.

Description of the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan

We previously adopted the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) prior to the consummation of the 
Business  Combination  with Tiberius,  and  the  plan  was  approved  by Tiberius’  shareholders  at  the Tiberius  special 
meeting related to the Business Combination. The 2020 Plan provides for grants of stock options, share appreciation 
rights, restricted shares, other share-based awards and other cash-based awards. Directors, officers and other employees 
of the Company and its affiliates, as well as others performing consulting or advisory services for the Company and 
its affiliates, are eligible for grants under the 2020 Plan. The purpose of the 2020 Plan is to provide incentives that 
will  attract,  retain  and  motivate  high  performing  officers,  directors,  employees  and  consultants  by  providing  them 
with appropriate incentives and rewards either through a proprietary interest in our long-term success or compensation 
based on their performance in fulfilling their personal responsibilities. Set forth below is a summary of the material 
terms of the 2020 Plan.

Administration.  The 2020 Plan is administered by any committee of our board of directors duly authorized 
by our board of directors to administer the plan (and, if no committee is so authorized, by our board of directors). For 
purposes of this discussion, the body that administers the 2020 Plan is referred to as the “Administrator.” The body 
that currently administers the 2020 Plan is our board of directors. Among the Administrator’s powers is to determine 
the form, amount and other terms and conditions of awards; clarify, construe or resolve any ambiguity in any provision 
of  the  2020  Plan  or  any  award  agreement;  amend  the  terms  of  outstanding  awards;  and  adopt  such  rules,  forms, 
instruments and guidelines for administering the 2020 Plan as it deems necessary or proper. The Administrator has 
authority to administer and interpret the 2020 Plan, to grant discretionary awards under the 2020 Plan, to determine 
the persons to whom awards will be granted, to determine the types of awards to be granted, to determine the terms 
and  conditions  of  each  award,  to  determine  the  number  of  common  shares  to  be  covered  by  each  award,  to  make 
all  other  determinations  in  connection  with  the  2020  Plan  and  the  awards  thereunder  as  the Administrator  deems 
necessary  or  desirable  and  to  designate  authority  under  the  2020  Plan  to  our  employees,  directors,  officers  and/or 
professional advisors. To the extent we seek to obtain the benefit of exemptions available under Rule 16b-3 under the 
Exchange Act, the applicable compensation may be approved by “non-employee directors”.

Available  Shares.  The  aggregate  number  of  our  common  shares  that  may  be  issued  or  used  for  reference 
purposes under the 2020 Plan or with respect to which awards may be granted may not exceed 4,844,730 common 
shares (10% of the shares issued and outstanding upon the consummation of the Business Combination). The shares 
available for issuance under the 2020 Plan may be, in whole or in part, either our authorized and unissued common 
shares or common shares held in or acquired for our treasury. The number of shares available for issuance under the 
2020 Plan may be subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, share split, merger, amalgamation or similar 
change in the corporate structure. In the event of any of these occurrences, we may make any adjustments it considers 
appropriate to, among other things, the number and kind of shares, options or other securities available for issuance 
under the plan or covered by grants previously made under the 2020 Plan. In general, if awards under the 2020 Plan are 
for any reason cancelled, or expire or terminate unexercised, the shares covered by such awards may again be available 
for the grant of awards under the 2020 Plan. In addition, no non-employee director may receive awards under the 2020 
Plan in any fiscal year for service as a director having an aggregate maximum value exceeding $500,000.

Eligibility for Participation.  Directors, officers, and employees of, and consultants to, the Company or any of 

its affiliates, are eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan.

Award Agreements.  Awards  granted  under  the  2020  Plan  are  evidenced  by  award  agreements,  which  need 

not  be  identical,  that  provide  additional  terms,  conditions,  restrictions  and/or  limitations  covering  the  grant  of  the 

award,  including,  without  limitation,  additional  terms  providing  for  the  acceleration  of  exercisability  or  vesting  of 

awards in the event of a change of control or conditions regarding the participant’s employment, as determined by the 

Administrator.

Stock Options.  The Administrator may grant nonqualified stock options to eligible individuals and incentive 

stock options only to eligible employees. The Administrator will determine the number of our common shares subject 

to each option, the term of each option, which may not exceed 10 years, or five years in the case of an incentive stock 

option granted to a 10 percent shareholder, the exercise price, the vesting schedule, if any, and the other material terms 

of each option. No incentive stock option or nonqualified stock option may have an exercise price less than the fair 

market value of a common share of the Company at the time of grant or, in the case of an incentive stock option granted 

to a 10 percent shareholder, 110% of such share’s fair market value. Options will be exercisable at such time or times 

and subject to such terms and conditions as determined by the Administrator at grant, and the exercisability of such 

options may be accelerated by the Administrator.

Share Appreciation Rights.  The Administrator may grant share appreciation rights (“SARs”) either with a stock 

option, which may be exercised only at such times and to the extent the related stock option is exercisable (a “Tandem 

SAR”),  or  independent  of  a  stock  option  (a  “Non-Tandem  SAR”). An  SAR  is  a  right  to  receive  a  payment  in  our 

common shares or cash, as determined by the Administrator, equal in value to the excess of the fair market value of 

one common share of the Company on the date of exercise over the exercise price per share established in connection 

with the grant of the SAR. The term of each SAR may not exceed 10 years. The exercise price per share covered by a 

SAR will be the exercise price per share of the related stock option in the case of a Tandem SAR and will be the fair 

market value of our common shares on the date of grant in the case of a Non-Tandem SAR. The Administrator may 

also grant limited SARs, either as Tandem SARs or Non-Tandem SARs, which may become exercisable only upon the 

occurrence of a change in control, as defined in the 2020 Plan, or such other event as the Administrator may designate 

at the time of grant or thereafter.

Restricted  Shares.  The Administrator  may  award  common  shares  that  are  subject  to  specified  restrictions. 

Except as otherwise provided by the Administrator upon the award of restricted shares, the recipient generally has the 

rights of a shareholder with respect to the shares, including the right to vote the restricted shares and, conditioned upon 

the expiration of the applicable restricted period, the right to receive dividends and transfer such shares, subject to the 

conditions and restrictions generally applicable to restricted shares or specifically set forth in the recipient’s restricted 

shares agreement. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise at the time of award, the payment of dividends, if 

any, will be deferred until the expiration of the applicable restriction period.

Recipients of restricted shares are required to enter into a restricted shares agreement with us that states the 

restrictions to which the shares are subject, which may include satisfaction of pre-established performance goals, and 

the criteria or date or dates on which such restrictions will lapse.

If the grant of restricted shares or the lapse of the relevant restrictions is based on the attainment of performance 

goals,  the Administrator  will  establish  for  each  recipient  the  applicable  performance  goals,  formulae  or  standards 

and the applicable vesting percentages with reference to the attainment of such goals or satisfaction of such formulae 

or  standards  while  the  outcome  of  the  performance  goals  is  substantially  uncertain.  Such  performance  goals  may 

incorporate  provisions  for  disregarding,  or  adjusting  for,  changes  in  accounting  methods,  corporate  transactions, 

including, without limitation, dispositions and acquisitions, and other similar events or circumstances. The performance 

goals for performance-based restricted shares generally may be based on one or more criteria determined from time 

to time by the Administrator.

Other  Share-Based  Awards.  The  Administrator  may,  subject  to  limitations  under  applicable  law,  make  a 

grant of such other share-based awards, including, without limitation, performance share units, dividend equivalent 

units,  share  equivalent  units,  restricted  share  units  and  deferred  share  units  under  the  2020  Plan  that  are  payable 

in cash or denominated or payable in or valued by our common shares or factors that influence the value of such 

shares. The Administrator may determine the terms and conditions of any such other awards, which may include the 

achievement of certain minimum performance goals and/or a minimum vesting period. The performance goals for 

performance-based other share-based awards generally may be based on one or more criteria determined from time to 

time by the Administrator.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023the executive is terminated other than for cause or resigns for good reason, then the executive will be paid a lump sum 

payment calculated based on his salary and bonus. If the executive is terminated for cause, the agreements provide that 

the executive would receive no amounts other than amounts accrued at the date of termination and any vested benefits 

under company benefit plans. The executives’ employment would automatically terminate upon a change of control 

and, in this event, the executive would receive a severance benefit equal to three times the officer’s highest salary, 

bonus and equity award over the prior three years, and in connection with such a change of control and termination 

of employment, all unvested equity awards would become fully vested. The agreements also contain limitations on 

outside activities, include confidentiality obligations, and include covenants restricting the solicitation of employees 

and customers and a non-compete for 12 months following termination of employment. The employment agreements 

are governed by English law.

Description of the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan

We previously adopted the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”) prior to the consummation of the 

Business  Combination  with Tiberius,  and  the  plan  was  approved  by Tiberius’  shareholders  at  the Tiberius  special 

meeting related to the Business Combination. The 2020 Plan provides for grants of stock options, share appreciation 

rights, restricted shares, other share-based awards and other cash-based awards. Directors, officers and other employees 

of the Company and its affiliates, as well as others performing consulting or advisory services for the Company and 

its affiliates, are eligible for grants under the 2020 Plan. The purpose of the 2020 Plan is to provide incentives that 

will  attract,  retain  and  motivate  high  performing  officers,  directors,  employees  and  consultants  by  providing  them 

with appropriate incentives and rewards either through a proprietary interest in our long-term success or compensation 

based on their performance in fulfilling their personal responsibilities. Set forth below is a summary of the material 

terms of the 2020 Plan.

Administration.  The 2020 Plan is administered by any committee of our board of directors duly authorized 

by our board of directors to administer the plan (and, if no committee is so authorized, by our board of directors). For 

purposes of this discussion, the body that administers the 2020 Plan is referred to as the “Administrator.” The body 

that currently administers the 2020 Plan is our board of directors. Among the Administrator’s powers is to determine 

the form, amount and other terms and conditions of awards; clarify, construe or resolve any ambiguity in any provision 

of  the  2020  Plan  or  any  award  agreement;  amend  the  terms  of  outstanding  awards;  and  adopt  such  rules,  forms, 

instruments and guidelines for administering the 2020 Plan as it deems necessary or proper. The Administrator has 

authority to administer and interpret the 2020 Plan, to grant discretionary awards under the 2020 Plan, to determine 

the persons to whom awards will be granted, to determine the types of awards to be granted, to determine the terms 

and  conditions  of  each  award,  to  determine  the  number  of  common  shares  to  be  covered  by  each  award,  to  make 

all  other  determinations  in  connection  with  the  2020  Plan  and  the  awards  thereunder  as  the Administrator  deems 

necessary  or  desirable  and  to  designate  authority  under  the  2020  Plan  to  our  employees,  directors,  officers  and/or 

professional advisors. To the extent we seek to obtain the benefit of exemptions available under Rule 16b-3 under the 

Exchange Act, the applicable compensation may be approved by “non-employee directors”.

Available  Shares.  The  aggregate  number  of  our  common  shares  that  may  be  issued  or  used  for  reference 

purposes under the 2020 Plan or with respect to which awards may be granted may not exceed 4,844,730 common 

shares (10% of the shares issued and outstanding upon the consummation of the Business Combination). The shares 

available for issuance under the 2020 Plan may be, in whole or in part, either our authorized and unissued common 

shares or common shares held in or acquired for our treasury. The number of shares available for issuance under the 

2020 Plan may be subject to adjustment in the event of a reorganization, share split, merger, amalgamation or similar 

change in the corporate structure. In the event of any of these occurrences, we may make any adjustments it considers 

appropriate to, among other things, the number and kind of shares, options or other securities available for issuance 

under the plan or covered by grants previously made under the 2020 Plan. In general, if awards under the 2020 Plan are 

for any reason cancelled, or expire or terminate unexercised, the shares covered by such awards may again be available 

for the grant of awards under the 2020 Plan. In addition, no non-employee director may receive awards under the 2020 

Plan in any fiscal year for service as a director having an aggregate maximum value exceeding $500,000.

Eligibility for Participation.  Directors, officers, and employees of, and consultants to, the Company or any of 

its affiliates, are eligible to receive awards under the 2020 Plan.

Award Agreements.  Awards  granted  under  the  2020  Plan  are  evidenced  by  award  agreements,  which  need 
not  be  identical,  that  provide  additional  terms,  conditions,  restrictions  and/or  limitations  covering  the  grant  of  the 
award,  including,  without  limitation,  additional  terms  providing  for  the  acceleration  of  exercisability  or  vesting  of 
awards in the event of a change of control or conditions regarding the participant’s employment, as determined by the 
Administrator.

Stock Options.  The Administrator may grant nonqualified stock options to eligible individuals and incentive 
stock options only to eligible employees. The Administrator will determine the number of our common shares subject 
to each option, the term of each option, which may not exceed 10 years, or five years in the case of an incentive stock 
option granted to a 10 percent shareholder, the exercise price, the vesting schedule, if any, and the other material terms 
of each option. No incentive stock option or nonqualified stock option may have an exercise price less than the fair 
market value of a common share of the Company at the time of grant or, in the case of an incentive stock option granted 
to a 10 percent shareholder, 110% of such share’s fair market value. Options will be exercisable at such time or times 
and subject to such terms and conditions as determined by the Administrator at grant, and the exercisability of such 
options may be accelerated by the Administrator.

Share Appreciation Rights.  The Administrator may grant share appreciation rights (“SARs”) either with a stock 
option, which may be exercised only at such times and to the extent the related stock option is exercisable (a “Tandem 
SAR”),  or  independent  of  a  stock  option  (a  “Non-Tandem  SAR”). An  SAR  is  a  right  to  receive  a  payment  in  our 
common shares or cash, as determined by the Administrator, equal in value to the excess of the fair market value of 
one common share of the Company on the date of exercise over the exercise price per share established in connection 
with the grant of the SAR. The term of each SAR may not exceed 10 years. The exercise price per share covered by a 
SAR will be the exercise price per share of the related stock option in the case of a Tandem SAR and will be the fair 
market value of our common shares on the date of grant in the case of a Non-Tandem SAR. The Administrator may 
also grant limited SARs, either as Tandem SARs or Non-Tandem SARs, which may become exercisable only upon the 
occurrence of a change in control, as defined in the 2020 Plan, or such other event as the Administrator may designate 
at the time of grant or thereafter.

Restricted  Shares.  The Administrator  may  award  common  shares  that  are  subject  to  specified  restrictions. 
Except as otherwise provided by the Administrator upon the award of restricted shares, the recipient generally has the 
rights of a shareholder with respect to the shares, including the right to vote the restricted shares and, conditioned upon 
the expiration of the applicable restricted period, the right to receive dividends and transfer such shares, subject to the 
conditions and restrictions generally applicable to restricted shares or specifically set forth in the recipient’s restricted 
shares agreement. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise at the time of award, the payment of dividends, if 
any, will be deferred until the expiration of the applicable restriction period.

Recipients of restricted shares are required to enter into a restricted shares agreement with us that states the 
restrictions to which the shares are subject, which may include satisfaction of pre-established performance goals, and 
the criteria or date or dates on which such restrictions will lapse.

If the grant of restricted shares or the lapse of the relevant restrictions is based on the attainment of performance 
goals,  the Administrator  will  establish  for  each  recipient  the  applicable  performance  goals,  formulae  or  standards 
and the applicable vesting percentages with reference to the attainment of such goals or satisfaction of such formulae 
or  standards  while  the  outcome  of  the  performance  goals  is  substantially  uncertain.  Such  performance  goals  may 
incorporate  provisions  for  disregarding,  or  adjusting  for,  changes  in  accounting  methods,  corporate  transactions, 
including, without limitation, dispositions and acquisitions, and other similar events or circumstances. The performance 
goals for performance-based restricted shares generally may be based on one or more criteria determined from time 
to time by the Administrator.

Other  Share-Based  Awards.  The  Administrator  may,  subject  to  limitations  under  applicable  law,  make  a 
grant of such other share-based awards, including, without limitation, performance share units, dividend equivalent 
units,  share  equivalent  units,  restricted  share  units  and  deferred  share  units  under  the  2020  Plan  that  are  payable 
in cash or denominated or payable in or valued by our common shares or factors that influence the value of such 
shares. The Administrator may determine the terms and conditions of any such other awards, which may include the 
achievement of certain minimum performance goals and/or a minimum vesting period. The performance goals for 
performance-based other share-based awards generally may be based on one or more criteria determined from time to 
time by the Administrator.

117

118

140

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Other Cash-Based Awards.  The Administrator may grant awards payable in cash. Cash-based awards will be 
in such form, and dependent on such conditions, as the Administrator will determine, including, without limitation, 
being subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions or awarded purely as a bonus and not subject to restrictions or 
conditions. If a cash-based award is subject to vesting conditions, the Administrator may accelerate the vesting of such 
award in its discretion.

Performance Awards.  The Administrator  may  grant  a  performance  award  to  a  participant  payable  upon  the 
attainment  of  specific  performance  goals.  If  the  performance  award  is  payable  in  cash,  it  may  be  paid  upon  the 
attainment  of  the  relevant  performance  goals  either  in  cash  or  in  restricted  shares,  based  on  the  then  current  fair 
market value of such shares, as determined by the Administrator. Based on service, performance and/or other factors 
or criteria, the Administrator may, at or after grant, accelerate the vesting of all or any part of any performance award.

Performance Goals.  Awards that are granted, vest or are paid based on attainment of specified performance 
goals  may  be  subject  to  any  one  or  more  criteria  determined  from  time  to  time  by  the Administrator  in  its  sole 
discretion taking into account the requirements of applicable law and customary market compensation practices. These 
performance goals may be based on the attainment of a certain target level of, or a specified increase or decrease in, one 
or more measures selected by the Administrator. Performance goals may also be based on an individual participant’s 
performance goals, as determined by the Administrator. In addition, all performance goals may be based upon the 
attainment of specified levels of the Company’s performance, or the performance of a subsidiary, division or other 
operational unit, under one or more of the measures described above relative to the performance of other corporations. 
The Administrator may designate additional business criteria on which the performance goals may be based or adjust, 
modify or amend those criteria.

Change in Control. 

In connection with a change in control, as defined in the 2020 Plan, the Administrator may 
accelerate vesting of outstanding awards under the 2020 Plan. In addition, such awards may be, in the discretion of 
the Administrator: (1) assumed and continued or substituted in accordance with applicable law; (2) purchased by the 
Company for an amount equal to the excess of the price of a common share of the Company paid in a change in control 
over the exercise price of the awards; or (3) cancelled if the price of a common share of the Company paid in a change 
in control is less than the exercise price of the award. The Administrator may also provide for accelerated vesting or 
lapse of restrictions of an award at any time.

Shareholder Rights.  Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, and with respect to an 
award of restricted shares, a participant has no rights as a shareholder with respect to our common shares covered by 
any award until the participant is registered as the holder of such shares in our register of members.

Amendment and Termination.  Notwithstanding any other provision of the 2020 Plan, our board of directors 
may at any time amend any or all of the provisions of the 2020 Plan, or suspend or terminate it entirely, retroactively or 
otherwise, subject to shareholder approval in certain instances if required by applicable law; provided, however, that, 
unless otherwise required by law or specifically provided in the 2020 Plan, the rights of a participant with respect to 
awards granted prior to such amendment, suspension or termination may not be adversely affected without the consent 
of such participant.

Transferability.  Awards granted under the 2020 Plan generally are nontransferable, other than by will or the 

laws of descent and distribution, except as determined by the Administrator.

Recoupment  of  Awards.  The  2020  Plan  provides  that  awards  granted  under  the  2020  Plan  are  subject  to 
any  recoupment  policy  that  we  may  have  in  place  or  any  obligation  that  we  may  have  regarding  the  clawback  of 
“incentive-based compensation” under the Exchange Act or under any applicable rules and regulations promulgated 
by the SEC.

Effective Date; Term.  The 2020 Plan was adopted by our board of directors and became effective on March 17, 
2020. No award will be granted under the 2020 Plan on or after the 10-year anniversary of the 2020 Plan. Any award 
outstanding under the 2020 Plan at the time of termination will remain in effect until such award is exercised or has 
expired in accordance with its terms.

C. Board Practices

Independence of Directors

Board Leadership Structure

As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to have a majority of independent directors. However, five 

out of seven members of our board of directors — David Anthony, Michael Gray, David King, Wanda Mwaura and 

Andrew Poole — are “independent” directors under Nasdaq rules.

Wasef  Jabsheh  serves  as  Executive  Chairman  of  the  board  of  directors.  Wasef  Jabsheh  previously  served 

as  our  Chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  and  Chief  Executive  Officer.  On  June  30,  2023,  Mr.  Jabsheh  resigned 

from the position of Chief Executive Officer and, on July 1, 2023, was appointed Executive Chairman, while Walid 

Jabsheh was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer. We believe that having Wasef Jabsheh act as our Executive 

Chairman and Walid Jabsheh acting as President and Chief Executive Officer is most appropriate at this time for us 

because it provides us with consistent and efficient leadership, both with respect to our operations and the leadership 

of  the  board  of  directors.  In  particular,  having  Wasef  Jabsheh  act  as  our  Executive  Chairman  and  Walid  Jabsheh 

acting  as  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  increases  the  effectiveness  of  our  board’s  deliberations  and  the 

Company’s day-to-day operations, and ensures the consistent implementation of our strategies.

We believe that the separation of the roles of Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, together with the 

significant responsibilities of the board’s independent directors, provides an appropriate balance between leadership 

We have established a separately standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating/governance 

and independent oversight.

Committees of the Board of Directors

committee.

Audit Committee

The members of IGI’s audit committee are David Anthony, David King and Wanda Mwaura. Wanda Mwaura 

is the chair of the audit committee. The audit committee must be composed exclusively of “independent directors,” 

as  defined  by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  SEC.  Each  of  the  members  of  our  audit  committee  is  independent 

under SEC and Nasdaq rules. Wanda Mwaura serves as the audit committee financial expert (within the meaning of 

SEC regulations). The Company has adopted an audit committee charter which sets forth the requirements for audit 

committee members and the responsibilities of the audit committee.

The audit committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the auditors, 

review of the results and scope of the audit and other accounting related services and review of our accounting practices 

and systems of internal accounting and disclosure controls. The audit committee pre-approves auditing services and 

permitted non-audit services to be performed for the Company by the independent auditor. The audit committee also 

reviews the independence and quality control procedures of the auditors and the experience and qualifications of the 

auditor’s  senior  personnel  that  are  providing  audit  services  to  the  Company. The  audit  committee’s  duties  include 

meeting with management and the auditors in connection with the annual audit, overseeing the internal auditor or 

internal  audit  function,  and  reviewing  with  management  the  risk  assessment  and  risk  management  policies  of  the 

company and the voluntary earnings press releases.

The  audit  committee  may  delegate  to  the  chair  of  the  audit  committee,  any  of  the  members  of  the  audit 

committee,  or  any  subcommittee,  the  responsibility  and  authority  for  any  particular  matter  within  its  powers  and 

authority. However, subcommittees do not have the authority to engage independent legal counsel, accounting experts 

or other advisors unless expressly granted such authority by the audit committee.

Nominating/Governance Committee

As  a  foreign  private  issuer,  the  Company  is  not  required  to  have  a  nominating/governance  committee  or  a 

nominating/governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. However, IGI’s board of directors has a 

nominating/governance committee with a majority of independent directors. The members of the nominating/governance 

119

120

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Other Cash-Based Awards.  The Administrator may grant awards payable in cash. Cash-based awards will be 

in such form, and dependent on such conditions, as the Administrator will determine, including, without limitation, 

being subject to the satisfaction of vesting conditions or awarded purely as a bonus and not subject to restrictions or 

conditions. If a cash-based award is subject to vesting conditions, the Administrator may accelerate the vesting of such 

award in its discretion.

Performance Awards.  The Administrator  may  grant  a  performance  award  to  a  participant  payable  upon  the 

attainment  of  specific  performance  goals.  If  the  performance  award  is  payable  in  cash,  it  may  be  paid  upon  the 

attainment  of  the  relevant  performance  goals  either  in  cash  or  in  restricted  shares,  based  on  the  then  current  fair 

market value of such shares, as determined by the Administrator. Based on service, performance and/or other factors 

or criteria, the Administrator may, at or after grant, accelerate the vesting of all or any part of any performance award.

Performance Goals.  Awards that are granted, vest or are paid based on attainment of specified performance 

goals  may  be  subject  to  any  one  or  more  criteria  determined  from  time  to  time  by  the Administrator  in  its  sole 

discretion taking into account the requirements of applicable law and customary market compensation practices. These 

performance goals may be based on the attainment of a certain target level of, or a specified increase or decrease in, one 

or more measures selected by the Administrator. Performance goals may also be based on an individual participant’s 

performance goals, as determined by the Administrator. In addition, all performance goals may be based upon the 

attainment of specified levels of the Company’s performance, or the performance of a subsidiary, division or other 

operational unit, under one or more of the measures described above relative to the performance of other corporations. 

The Administrator may designate additional business criteria on which the performance goals may be based or adjust, 

modify or amend those criteria.

Change in Control. 

In connection with a change in control, as defined in the 2020 Plan, the Administrator may 

accelerate vesting of outstanding awards under the 2020 Plan. In addition, such awards may be, in the discretion of 

the Administrator: (1) assumed and continued or substituted in accordance with applicable law; (2) purchased by the 

Company for an amount equal to the excess of the price of a common share of the Company paid in a change in control 

over the exercise price of the awards; or (3) cancelled if the price of a common share of the Company paid in a change 

in control is less than the exercise price of the award. The Administrator may also provide for accelerated vesting or 

lapse of restrictions of an award at any time.

Shareholder Rights.  Except as otherwise provided in the applicable award agreement, and with respect to an 

award of restricted shares, a participant has no rights as a shareholder with respect to our common shares covered by 

any award until the participant is registered as the holder of such shares in our register of members.

Amendment and Termination.  Notwithstanding any other provision of the 2020 Plan, our board of directors 

may at any time amend any or all of the provisions of the 2020 Plan, or suspend or terminate it entirely, retroactively or 

otherwise, subject to shareholder approval in certain instances if required by applicable law; provided, however, that, 

unless otherwise required by law or specifically provided in the 2020 Plan, the rights of a participant with respect to 

awards granted prior to such amendment, suspension or termination may not be adversely affected without the consent 

of such participant.

Transferability.  Awards granted under the 2020 Plan generally are nontransferable, other than by will or the 

laws of descent and distribution, except as determined by the Administrator.

Recoupment  of  Awards.  The  2020  Plan  provides  that  awards  granted  under  the  2020  Plan  are  subject  to 

any  recoupment  policy  that  we  may  have  in  place  or  any  obligation  that  we  may  have  regarding  the  clawback  of 

“incentive-based compensation” under the Exchange Act or under any applicable rules and regulations promulgated 

by the SEC.

Effective Date; Term.  The 2020 Plan was adopted by our board of directors and became effective on March 17, 

2020. No award will be granted under the 2020 Plan on or after the 10-year anniversary of the 2020 Plan. Any award 

outstanding under the 2020 Plan at the time of termination will remain in effect until such award is exercised or has 

expired in accordance with its terms.

C. Board Practices

Independence of Directors

As a foreign private issuer, we are not required to have a majority of independent directors. However, five 
out of seven members of our board of directors — David Anthony, Michael Gray, David King, Wanda Mwaura and 
Andrew Poole — are “independent” directors under Nasdaq rules.

Board Leadership Structure

Wasef  Jabsheh  serves  as  Executive  Chairman  of  the  board  of  directors.  Wasef  Jabsheh  previously  served 
as  our  Chairman  of  the  board  of  directors  and  Chief  Executive  Officer.  On  June  30,  2023,  Mr.  Jabsheh  resigned 
from the position of Chief Executive Officer and, on July 1, 2023, was appointed Executive Chairman, while Walid 
Jabsheh was appointed as our Chief Executive Officer. We believe that having Wasef Jabsheh act as our Executive 
Chairman and Walid Jabsheh acting as President and Chief Executive Officer is most appropriate at this time for us 
because it provides us with consistent and efficient leadership, both with respect to our operations and the leadership 
of  the  board  of  directors.  In  particular,  having  Wasef  Jabsheh  act  as  our  Executive  Chairman  and  Walid  Jabsheh 
acting  as  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  increases  the  effectiveness  of  our  board’s  deliberations  and  the 
Company’s day-to-day operations, and ensures the consistent implementation of our strategies.

We believe that the separation of the roles of Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, together with the 
significant responsibilities of the board’s independent directors, provides an appropriate balance between leadership 
and independent oversight.

Committees of the Board of Directors

We have established a separately standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating/governance 

committee.

Audit Committee

The members of IGI’s audit committee are David Anthony, David King and Wanda Mwaura. Wanda Mwaura 
is the chair of the audit committee. The audit committee must be composed exclusively of “independent directors,” 
as  defined  by  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  SEC.  Each  of  the  members  of  our  audit  committee  is  independent 
under SEC and Nasdaq rules. Wanda Mwaura serves as the audit committee financial expert (within the meaning of 
SEC regulations). The Company has adopted an audit committee charter which sets forth the requirements for audit 
committee members and the responsibilities of the audit committee.

The audit committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the auditors, 
review of the results and scope of the audit and other accounting related services and review of our accounting practices 
and systems of internal accounting and disclosure controls. The audit committee pre-approves auditing services and 
permitted non-audit services to be performed for the Company by the independent auditor. The audit committee also 
reviews the independence and quality control procedures of the auditors and the experience and qualifications of the 
auditor’s  senior  personnel  that  are  providing  audit  services  to  the  Company. The  audit  committee’s  duties  include 
meeting with management and the auditors in connection with the annual audit, overseeing the internal auditor or 
internal  audit  function,  and  reviewing  with  management  the  risk  assessment  and  risk  management  policies  of  the 
company and the voluntary earnings press releases.

The  audit  committee  may  delegate  to  the  chair  of  the  audit  committee,  any  of  the  members  of  the  audit 
committee,  or  any  subcommittee,  the  responsibility  and  authority  for  any  particular  matter  within  its  powers  and 
authority. However, subcommittees do not have the authority to engage independent legal counsel, accounting experts 
or other advisors unless expressly granted such authority by the audit committee.

Nominating/Governance Committee

As  a  foreign  private  issuer,  the  Company  is  not  required  to  have  a  nominating/governance  committee  or  a 
nominating/governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. However, IGI’s board of directors has a 
nominating/governance committee with a majority of independent directors. The members of the nominating/governance 

119

120

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          committee are Walid Jabsheh, Michael Gray and David King. David King is the chair of the nominating/governance 
committee.  The  nominating/governance  committee  is  responsible  for  overseeing  the  selection  of  persons  to  be 
nominated to serve on our board of directors, advising the board of directors and making recommendations regarding 
appropriate corporate governance practices, and leading the board of directors in the annual performance evaluation 
of the board of directors and its committees.

Compensation Committee

As a foreign private issuer, the Company is not required to have a compensation committee or a compensation 
committee consisting only of independent directors. However, our board of directors has established a compensation 
committee consisting of a majority of independent directors. The members of the compensation committee are Walid 
Jabsheh, David Anthony and Andrew Poole. David Anthony is the chair of the compensation committee.

The Company has adopted a compensation committee charter which sets forth the requirements for compensation 
committee  members  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  compensation  committee.  The  2020  Omnibus  Incentive  Plan 
of  the  Company  is  administered  by  the  full  board  of  directors. The  purpose  of  the  compensation  committee  is  to 
review,  evaluate  and  approve  compensation  paid  to  our  officers  and  directors. The  compensation  committee  will 
review director compensation and make recommendations to the board of directors regarding the form and amount of 
director compensation. Walid Jabsheh does not participate in compensation committee discussions regarding his own 
compensation.

Corporate Governance Practices

We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws. As a result, we are permitted to 
follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to Bermuda requirements in lieu of certain Nasdaq corporate 
governance rules. We have certified to Nasdaq that our corporate governance practices are in compliance with, and 
are not prohibited by, the laws of Bermuda. The corporate governance practices that we follow in lieu of Nasdaq’s 
corporate governance rules are as follows:

• 

• 

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(e)(1), which requires the director nomination process 
to  be  determined  by  a  majority  of  the  independent  directors  or  a  nominations  committee  comprised 
solely of independent directors, our nominating/governance committee (which is responsible for director 
nominations) consists of a majority of independent directors but does not consist solely of independent 
directors.

In  lieu  of  the  requirement  to  comply  with  Rule  5605(d)(2),  which  requires  a  compensation  committee 
comprised  of  at  least  two  members,  each  of  whom  must  be  an  independent  director  as  defined  under 
Rule 5605(a)(2), our compensation committee consists of a majority of independent directors but does not 
consist solely of independent directors.

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(b)(2), which requires regularly scheduled meetings at 
which only independent directors are present (“executive sessions”), we do not have regularly scheduled 
executive sessions.

Although not required by the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, the Company has adopted corporate governance 

guidelines which govern certain aspects of its corporate governance and board and committee practices.

Codes of Conduct

The Company has adopted a Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of its directors, 
officers and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics covers, among other things, conflicts of interest, 
company  books  and  records,  use  of  company  property,  payments  of  gifts,  corporate  opportunities,  compliance, 
extension of credit to officers and directors, confidentiality and employee relations.

The  Company  has  also  adopted  a  Financial  Code  of  Ethics  applicable  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief 
Financial Officer, Senior Vice President — Finance, Controller or certain other officers performing similar functions. 
The Financial Code of Ethics provides that each officer must act ethically with honesty and integrity (including ethical 
handling  of  conflicts  of  interest),  provide  full  and  accurate  disclosure  in  SEC  filings  and  public  communications, 
comply with applicable laws and regulations, act in good faith, responsibly, with due care, competence and diligence, 

promote honest and ethical behavior by others, respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of 

employment, responsibly use and maintain all assets and resources employed or entrusted to the officer, and promptly 

internally report violations of this Financial Code to the designated Compliance Officer and in the case of the CFO 

and CEO, to the Board of Directors and/or Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Approval of Certain Transactions

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the board of directors may approve the following transactions 

only if each Jabsheh Director then in office votes in favor of such transactions:

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 

basis;

Company’s common shares;

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 

$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 

10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had 401, 355 and 287 employees, respectively. The following table 

shows the number of employees, including management staff, by geography and function as of December 31, 2023.

Underwriting

Support

Underwriting 

Claims and 

reinsurance

administration 

and investments

IT

Other

Total

Finance, 

37

46

10

5

3

3

1

1

106

95

13

1

—

—

1

1

—

111

23

10

—

—

—

—

—

—

33

35

12

2

1

2

1

—

—

53

20

15

—

—

9

7

—

—

51

28

17

2

—

—

—

1

—

48

238

113

15

6

14

11

4

1

402

We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and have not experienced interruptions to operations 

D. Employees

Amman . . . . . . .

London  . . . . . . .

Dubai . . . . . . . . .

Casablanca  . . . .

Labuan. . . . . . . .

Malta . . . . . . . . .

Bermuda . . . . . .

Norway . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . . .

due to labor disagreements.

E. Share Ownership

report.

Not applicable.

Ownership of the Company’s shares by its executive officers and directors is set forth in Item 7.A of this annual 

F. Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

121

122

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023committee are Walid Jabsheh, Michael Gray and David King. David King is the chair of the nominating/governance 

committee.  The  nominating/governance  committee  is  responsible  for  overseeing  the  selection  of  persons  to  be 

nominated to serve on our board of directors, advising the board of directors and making recommendations regarding 

appropriate corporate governance practices, and leading the board of directors in the annual performance evaluation 

promote honest and ethical behavior by others, respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of 
employment, responsibly use and maintain all assets and resources employed or entrusted to the officer, and promptly 
internally report violations of this Financial Code to the designated Compliance Officer and in the case of the CFO 
and CEO, to the Board of Directors and/or Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

of the board of directors and its committees.

Compensation Committee

As a foreign private issuer, the Company is not required to have a compensation committee or a compensation 

committee consisting only of independent directors. However, our board of directors has established a compensation 

committee consisting of a majority of independent directors. The members of the compensation committee are Walid 

Jabsheh, David Anthony and Andrew Poole. David Anthony is the chair of the compensation committee.

The Company has adopted a compensation committee charter which sets forth the requirements for compensation 

committee  members  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  compensation  committee.  The  2020  Omnibus  Incentive  Plan 

of  the  Company  is  administered  by  the  full  board  of  directors. The  purpose  of  the  compensation  committee  is  to 

review,  evaluate  and  approve  compensation  paid  to  our  officers  and  directors. The  compensation  committee  will 

review director compensation and make recommendations to the board of directors regarding the form and amount of 

director compensation. Walid Jabsheh does not participate in compensation committee discussions regarding his own 

compensation.

Corporate Governance Practices

We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws. As a result, we are permitted to 

follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to Bermuda requirements in lieu of certain Nasdaq corporate 

governance rules. We have certified to Nasdaq that our corporate governance practices are in compliance with, and 

are not prohibited by, the laws of Bermuda. The corporate governance practices that we follow in lieu of Nasdaq’s 

corporate governance rules are as follows:

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(e)(1), which requires the director nomination process 

to  be  determined  by  a  majority  of  the  independent  directors  or  a  nominations  committee  comprised 

solely of independent directors, our nominating/governance committee (which is responsible for director 

nominations) consists of a majority of independent directors but does not consist solely of independent 

directors.

• 

In  lieu  of  the  requirement  to  comply  with  Rule  5605(d)(2),  which  requires  a  compensation  committee 

comprised  of  at  least  two  members,  each  of  whom  must  be  an  independent  director  as  defined  under 

Rule 5605(a)(2), our compensation committee consists of a majority of independent directors but does not 

consist solely of independent directors.

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(b)(2), which requires regularly scheduled meetings at 

which only independent directors are present (“executive sessions”), we do not have regularly scheduled 

executive sessions.

Although not required by the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, the Company has adopted corporate governance 

guidelines which govern certain aspects of its corporate governance and board and committee practices.

Codes of Conduct

The Company has adopted a Corporate Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of its directors, 

officers and employees. The Code of Business Conduct and Ethics covers, among other things, conflicts of interest, 

company  books  and  records,  use  of  company  property,  payments  of  gifts,  corporate  opportunities,  compliance, 

extension of credit to officers and directors, confidentiality and employee relations.

The  Company  has  also  adopted  a  Financial  Code  of  Ethics  applicable  to  the  Chief  Executive  Officer,  Chief 

Financial Officer, Senior Vice President — Finance, Controller or certain other officers performing similar functions. 

The Financial Code of Ethics provides that each officer must act ethically with honesty and integrity (including ethical 

handling  of  conflicts  of  interest),  provide  full  and  accurate  disclosure  in  SEC  filings  and  public  communications, 

comply with applicable laws and regulations, act in good faith, responsibly, with due care, competence and diligence, 

Approval of Certain Transactions

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the board of directors may approve the following transactions 

only if each Jabsheh Director then in office votes in favor of such transactions:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 
basis;

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 
Company’s common shares;

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 
$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 
10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

D. Employees

As of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had 401, 355 and 287 employees, respectively. The following table 

shows the number of employees, including management staff, by geography and function as of December 31, 2023.

Amman . . . . . . .
London  . . . . . . .
Dubai . . . . . . . . .
Casablanca  . . . .
Labuan. . . . . . . .
Malta . . . . . . . . .
Bermuda . . . . . .
Norway . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting
37
46
10
5
3
3
1
1
106

Underwriting 
Support

95
13
1
—
—
1
1
—
111

Claims and 
reinsurance
23
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
33

Finance, 
administration 
and investments
35
12
2
1
2
—
1
—
53

IT

20
15
—
—
9
7
—
—
51

Other
28
17
2
—
—
—
1
—
48

Total

238
113
15
6
14
11
4
1
402

We consider our relationship with our employees to be good and have not experienced interruptions to operations 

due to labor disagreements.

E. Share Ownership

Ownership of the Company’s shares by its executive officers and directors is set forth in Item 7.A of this annual 

report.

F. Disclosure of a Registrant’s Action to Recover Erroneously Awarded Compensation.

Not applicable.

121

122

144

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          ITEM 7.  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A. Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of the Company’s common shares 
based  on  46,074,179  common  shares  issued  and  outstanding  as  of  December  31,  2023,  with  respect  to  beneficial 
ownership of our shares by:

• 

• 

• 

each  person  known  by  us  to  be  the  beneficial  owner  of  more  than  5%  of  our  issued  and  outstanding 
common shares;

each of our executive officers and directors; and

all our executive officers and directors as a group.

The information provided in the table is based on Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC and the beneficial 
owners’ questionnaire responses provided to IGI. In accordance with SEC rules, individuals and entities named below 
are shown as having beneficial ownership over common shares they own or have the right to acquire within 60 days, 
as well as common shares for which they have the right to vote or dispose of such common shares. Also, in accordance 
with SEC rules, for purposes of calculating percentages of beneficial ownership, common shares which a person has 
the right to acquire within 60 days are included both in that person’s beneficial ownership as well as in the total number 
of common shares issued and outstanding used to calculate that person’s percentage ownership but not for purposes of 
calculating the percentage for other persons.

Except  as  indicated  by  the  footnotes  below,  we  believe  that  the  persons  named  below  have  sole  voting  and 
dispositive power with respect to all common shares that they beneficially own. The common shares owned by the 
persons named below have the same voting rights as the common shares owned by other holders. We believe that, as 
of December 31, 2023, approximately 20.7 million of our common shares, or 45% of our total outstanding common 
shares, we held by 18 U.S. record holders.

Unless  otherwise  indicated,  the  business  address  of  each  beneficial  owner  listed  in  the  tables  below  is 
c/o International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, 
Jordan.

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner
Directors and Executive Officers
Wasef Salim Jabsheh(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Walid Wasef Jabsheh(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Hatem Wasef Jabsheh(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Pervez Rizvi(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Andreas Loucaides(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Michael T. Gray(7)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Andrew J. Poole(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
David Anthony  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
David King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Wanda Mwaura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
All directors and executive officers as a group (ten individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Five Percent or Greater Shareholders
Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG(9) . . . . . . . . . . 
Royce & Associates, LP(10)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of 
Common 
Shares 
Beneficially 
Owned

Percentage of 
Outstanding 
Common 
Shares(1)

14,373,211
500,594
367,857
75,000
80,000
2,713,503
648,592
*
*
*
18,758,757

9,575,138
3,750,321

31.2%
1.1%
*
*
*
5.9%
1.4%
*
*
*
40.7%

20.8%
8.2%

Less than 1%

* 
(1)  Based on 46,074,179 common shares of the Company issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

(2)  As of December 31, 2023, Wasef Salim Jabsheh’s 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned included 400,000 contingent 

then unvested common shares (which vested in January 2024) and 131,148 contingent unvested common shares that vest at 

$15.25 per share. Mr. Jabsheh has the right to vote and receive dividends with respect to these contingent unvested common 

shares. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 273,456 restricted shares for which he has the right to vote, of 

which 137,124 vest on January 2, 2024, 93,063 vest on January 2, 2025 and 43,270 vest on January 2, 2026. Wasef Jabsheh’s 

ownership does not include 1,267,576 common shares beneficially owned by his adult children, as Mr. Jabsheh does not have 

the right to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. 

Mr. Jabsheh is the Executive Chairman of the Company’s board of directors.

(3)  As of December 31, 2023, Walid Wasef Jabsheh’s ownership included 82,455 common shares owned by his wife Zeina Salem 

Al Lozi, for which common shares he disclaims beneficial ownership. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 

111,667  restricted  shares  for  which  he  has  the  right  to  vote,  of  which  53,333  vest  on  January  2,  2024,  38,334  vest  on 

January 2, 2025 and 20,000 vest on January 2, 2026. Mr. Jabsheh’s ownership does not include 766,982 common shares 

beneficially owned by his brothers or 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned by his father, as Mr. Jabsheh does not 

have the right to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. 

Mr. Jabsheh is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and is the son of Wasef Jabsheh.

(4)  As of December 31, 2023, Hatem Wasef Jabsheh’s ownership includes 25,879 common shares owned by his wife Sarah Ann 

Bystrzycki, for which common shares he disclaims beneficial ownership. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 

73,333 restricted shares for which he has the right to vote, of which 35,000 vest on January 2, 2024, 24,999 vest on January 2, 

2025 and 13,334 vest on January 2, 2026. Mr. Jabsheh’s ownership does not include 899,719 common shares beneficially 

owned by his brothers or 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned by his father, as Mr. Jabsheh does not have the right 

to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. Mr. Jabsheh 

is currently the Chief Operating Officer of the Company and is the son of Wasef Jabsheh.

(5)  As of December 31, 2023, his shares included 43,333 restricted shares, of which 20,000 vest on January 2, 2024, 14,999 vest 

(6)  As of December 31, 2023, his shares included 51,667 restricted shares, of which 23,333 vest on January 2, 2024, 18,334 vest 

on January 2, 2025 and 8,334 vest on January 2, 2026.

on January 2, 2025 and 10,000 vest on January 2, 2026.

(7)  As  of  December  31,  2023,  Michael T.  Gray’s  beneficial  ownership  of  2,713,503  common  shares  included  (1)  1,408,191 

common  shares  owned  by  the  Gray  Insurance  Company,  of  which  Michael T.  Gray  is  President,  (2)  668,861  contingent 

unvested common shares owned by Mr. Gray, including 122,032 contingent then unvested common shares (which vested 

in January 2024), 417,396 common shares that vest at $14.00 per share and 251,465 common shares that vest at $15.25 

per  share,  with  respect  to  which  Mr.  Gray  has  the  right  to  vote  and  receive  dividends  and  (3)  85,448  unvested  common 

shares owned by his wife Linda Gray, for which shares he disclaims beneficial ownership, including 13,184 contingent then 

unvested common shares (which vested in January 2024), 45,096 common shares that vest at $14.00 per share and 27,168 

common shares that vest at $15.25 per share. Mr. Gray’s ownership does not include 34,264 common shares owned by his 

adult son Joe Skuba. The business address of each of The Gray Insurance Company and Michael T. Gray is 3601 N Interstate 

10  Service  Rd W  Metairie,  LA  70002.  Mr.  Gray  was  previously  the  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of Tiberius 

Acquisition Corp. (“Tiberius”) prior to the consummation of the business combination between the Company and Tiberius 

and is currently a director of the Company.

(8)  As of December 31, 2023, Andrew J. Poole’s beneficial ownership included 85,448 contingent unvested common shares, 

including  13,184  contingent  then  unvested  common  shares  (which  vested  in  January  2024),  45,096  common  shares  that 

vest at $14.00 per share and 27,168 common shares that vest at $15.25 per share. Mr. Poole has the right to vote and receive 

dividends with respect to these contingent unvested common shares. Mr. Poole’s ownership also includes 55,485 common 

shares owned by his wife Sarah Karp, 230,000 common shares owned by his son Torin Perry Poole, 3,227 common shares 

owned by his daughter Mila Adeline Poole, and 2,863 common shares owned by his daughter Isla Dae Poole, for all of which 

he disclaims beneficial ownership. The business address of Andrew Poole is 3601 N Interstate 10 Service Rd W Metairie, 

LA 70002. Mr. Poole was previously the Chief Investment Officer of Tiberius prior to the consummation of the business 

combination between the Company and Tiberius and is currently a director of the Company.

(9)  According to a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on March 17, 2023, Omnivest owned 9,575,138 shares. The business 

address  of  Ominvest  is  Madinat Al  Erfaan,  Muscat  Hills,  Block  No  9993,  Building  No.  95,  Seventh  Floor,  Sultanate  of 

Oman.

(10)  According  to  a  Schedule  13G  filed  with  the  SEC  on  January  30,  2024,  Royce  & Associates,  LP  beneficially  owned 

3,750,321 common shares of the Company as of December 31, 2023. Royce & Associates, LP’s shares are beneficially 

owned  by  one  or  more  registered  investment  companies  or  other  managed  accounts  that  are  investment  management 

clients  of  Royce  & Associates,  LP.  The  interest  of  one  account,  Royce  Small-Cap  Total  Return  Fund,  an  investment 

company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and managed by Royce & Associates, LP, amounted to 

2,674,312 common shares.

We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Company.

123

124

145

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ITEM 7.  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The following table sets forth information regarding beneficial ownership of the Company’s common shares 

based  on  46,074,179  common  shares  issued  and  outstanding  as  of  December  31,  2023,  with  respect  to  beneficial 

each  person  known  by  us  to  be  the  beneficial  owner  of  more  than  5%  of  our  issued  and  outstanding 

A. Major Shareholders

ownership of our shares by:

common shares;

• 

• 

• 

each of our executive officers and directors; and

all our executive officers and directors as a group.

The information provided in the table is based on Schedules 13D and 13G filed with the SEC and the beneficial 

owners’ questionnaire responses provided to IGI. In accordance with SEC rules, individuals and entities named below 

are shown as having beneficial ownership over common shares they own or have the right to acquire within 60 days, 

as well as common shares for which they have the right to vote or dispose of such common shares. Also, in accordance 

with SEC rules, for purposes of calculating percentages of beneficial ownership, common shares which a person has 

the right to acquire within 60 days are included both in that person’s beneficial ownership as well as in the total number 

of common shares issued and outstanding used to calculate that person’s percentage ownership but not for purposes of 

calculating the percentage for other persons.

Except  as  indicated  by  the  footnotes  below,  we  believe  that  the  persons  named  below  have  sole  voting  and 

dispositive power with respect to all common shares that they beneficially own. The common shares owned by the 

persons named below have the same voting rights as the common shares owned by other holders. We believe that, as 

of December 31, 2023, approximately 20.7 million of our common shares, or 45% of our total outstanding common 

shares, we held by 18 U.S. record holders.

Unless  otherwise  indicated,  the  business  address  of  each  beneficial  owner  listed  in  the  tables  below  is 

c/o International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, 

Jordan.

Number of 

Common 

Shares 

Beneficially 

Owned

Percentage of 

Outstanding 

Common 

Shares(1)

Name and Address of Beneficial Owner

Directors and Executive Officers

Wasef Salim Jabsheh(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

14,373,211

Walid Wasef Jabsheh(3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Hatem Wasef Jabsheh(4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Pervez Rizvi(5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Andreas Loucaides(6) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Michael T. Gray(7)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Andrew J. Poole(8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

David Anthony  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

David King . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Wanda Mwaura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

500,594

367,857

75,000

80,000

2,713,503

648,592

*

*

*

All directors and executive officers as a group (ten individuals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

18,758,757

40.7%

Five Percent or Greater Shareholders

Oman International Development & Investment Company SAOG(9) . . . . . . . . . . 

Royce & Associates, LP(10)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9,575,138

3,750,321

* 

Less than 1%

(1)  Based on 46,074,179 common shares of the Company issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

31.2%

1.1%

5.9%

1.4%

*

*

*

*

*

*

20.8%

8.2%

(2)  As of December 31, 2023, Wasef Salim Jabsheh’s 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned included 400,000 contingent 
then unvested common shares (which vested in January 2024) and 131,148 contingent unvested common shares that vest at 
$15.25 per share. Mr. Jabsheh has the right to vote and receive dividends with respect to these contingent unvested common 
shares. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 273,456 restricted shares for which he has the right to vote, of 
which 137,124 vest on January 2, 2024, 93,063 vest on January 2, 2025 and 43,270 vest on January 2, 2026. Wasef Jabsheh’s 
ownership does not include 1,267,576 common shares beneficially owned by his adult children, as Mr. Jabsheh does not have 
the right to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. 
Mr. Jabsheh is the Executive Chairman of the Company’s board of directors.

(3)  As of December 31, 2023, Walid Wasef Jabsheh’s ownership included 82,455 common shares owned by his wife Zeina Salem 
Al Lozi, for which common shares he disclaims beneficial ownership. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 
111,667  restricted  shares  for  which  he  has  the  right  to  vote,  of  which  53,333  vest  on  January  2,  2024,  38,334  vest  on 
January 2, 2025 and 20,000 vest on January 2, 2026. Mr. Jabsheh’s ownership does not include 766,982 common shares 
beneficially owned by his brothers or 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned by his father, as Mr. Jabsheh does not 
have the right to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. 
Mr. Jabsheh is currently the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and is the son of Wasef Jabsheh.
(4)  As of December 31, 2023, Hatem Wasef Jabsheh’s ownership includes 25,879 common shares owned by his wife Sarah Ann 
Bystrzycki, for which common shares he disclaims beneficial ownership. As of December 31, 2023, his shares also included 
73,333 restricted shares for which he has the right to vote, of which 35,000 vest on January 2, 2024, 24,999 vest on January 2, 
2025 and 13,334 vest on January 2, 2026. Mr. Jabsheh’s ownership does not include 899,719 common shares beneficially 
owned by his brothers or 14,373,211 common shares beneficially owned by his father, as Mr. Jabsheh does not have the right 
to vote or dispose of such common shares and thus does not have beneficial ownership of such common shares. Mr. Jabsheh 
is currently the Chief Operating Officer of the Company and is the son of Wasef Jabsheh.

(5)  As of December 31, 2023, his shares included 43,333 restricted shares, of which 20,000 vest on January 2, 2024, 14,999 vest 

on January 2, 2025 and 8,334 vest on January 2, 2026.

(6)  As of December 31, 2023, his shares included 51,667 restricted shares, of which 23,333 vest on January 2, 2024, 18,334 vest 

on January 2, 2025 and 10,000 vest on January 2, 2026.

(7)  As  of  December  31,  2023,  Michael T.  Gray’s  beneficial  ownership  of  2,713,503  common  shares  included  (1)  1,408,191 
common  shares  owned  by  the  Gray  Insurance  Company,  of  which  Michael T.  Gray  is  President,  (2)  668,861  contingent 
unvested common shares owned by Mr. Gray, including 122,032 contingent then unvested common shares (which vested 
in January 2024), 417,396 common shares that vest at $14.00 per share and 251,465 common shares that vest at $15.25 
per  share,  with  respect  to  which  Mr.  Gray  has  the  right  to  vote  and  receive  dividends  and  (3)  85,448  unvested  common 
shares owned by his wife Linda Gray, for which shares he disclaims beneficial ownership, including 13,184 contingent then 
unvested common shares (which vested in January 2024), 45,096 common shares that vest at $14.00 per share and 27,168 
common shares that vest at $15.25 per share. Mr. Gray’s ownership does not include 34,264 common shares owned by his 
adult son Joe Skuba. The business address of each of The Gray Insurance Company and Michael T. Gray is 3601 N Interstate 
10  Service  Rd W  Metairie,  LA  70002.  Mr.  Gray  was  previously  the  Chairman  and  Chief  Executive  Officer  of Tiberius 
Acquisition Corp. (“Tiberius”) prior to the consummation of the business combination between the Company and Tiberius 
and is currently a director of the Company.

(8)  As of December 31, 2023, Andrew J. Poole’s beneficial ownership included 85,448 contingent unvested common shares, 
including  13,184  contingent  then  unvested  common  shares  (which  vested  in  January  2024),  45,096  common  shares  that 
vest at $14.00 per share and 27,168 common shares that vest at $15.25 per share. Mr. Poole has the right to vote and receive 
dividends with respect to these contingent unvested common shares. Mr. Poole’s ownership also includes 55,485 common 
shares owned by his wife Sarah Karp, 230,000 common shares owned by his son Torin Perry Poole, 3,227 common shares 
owned by his daughter Mila Adeline Poole, and 2,863 common shares owned by his daughter Isla Dae Poole, for all of which 
he disclaims beneficial ownership. The business address of Andrew Poole is 3601 N Interstate 10 Service Rd W Metairie, 
LA 70002. Mr. Poole was previously the Chief Investment Officer of Tiberius prior to the consummation of the business 
combination between the Company and Tiberius and is currently a director of the Company.

(9)  According to a Schedule 13D/A filed with the SEC on March 17, 2023, Omnivest owned 9,575,138 shares. The business 
address  of  Ominvest  is  Madinat Al  Erfaan,  Muscat  Hills,  Block  No  9993,  Building  No.  95,  Seventh  Floor,  Sultanate  of 
Oman.

(10)  According  to  a  Schedule  13G  filed  with  the  SEC  on  January  30,  2024,  Royce  & Associates,  LP  beneficially  owned 
3,750,321 common shares of the Company as of December 31, 2023. Royce & Associates, LP’s shares are beneficially 
owned  by  one  or  more  registered  investment  companies  or  other  managed  accounts  that  are  investment  management 
clients  of  Royce  & Associates,  LP.  The  interest  of  one  account,  Royce  Small-Cap  Total  Return  Fund,  an  investment 
company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 and managed by Royce & Associates, LP, amounted to 
2,674,312 common shares.

We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of the Company.

123

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146

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          B. Related Party Transactions

Transactions Related to the Business Combination

Sponsor Share Letter

Simultaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement on October 10, 2019, the Sponsor, 
Tiberius, IGI Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh and Argo entered into the Sponsor Share Letter, to which the Company became a 
party by executing and delivering a joinder thereto, pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed:

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

(e) 

to transfer to Wasef Jabsheh at the Closing (i) 4,000,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became 
our private warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 1,000,000 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our 
common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) (the “Jabsheh Earnout Shares”), with such 
Jabsheh  Earnout  Shares  being  subject  to  certain  vesting  and  share  acquisition  provisions  as  set  forth 
therein;

to transfer to Argo at the Closing (i) 500,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became our private 
warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 39,200 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares 
issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) (the “Argo Earnout Shares”), with such Argo Earnout Shares 
being subject to certain vesting and share acquisition provisions as set forth therein;

effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business  Combination  to  subject  1,973,300  of  its  remaining 
Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) 
(the “Sponsor Earnout Shares” and, together with the Jabsheh Earnout Shares and the Argo Earnout Shares, 
the “Earnout Shares”) to potential vesting and share acquisition obligations as set forth therein;

to waive its right to convert any loans outstanding to Tiberius into Tiberius warrants and/or warrants of the 
Company so long as such loans are repaid at Closing; and

to not, without the prior written consent of IGI, seek or agree to a waiver or amendment of or terminate 
the  provisions  of  the Tiberius  Insider  Letter  regarding  the  Sponsor’s  agreements  therein  not  to  redeem 
any of its Tiberius securities in connection with the Closing, not to transfer any of its Tiberius securities 
prior to the Closing and to vote in favor of the Business Combination at the special meeting of Tiberius 
stockholders that was held on March 13, 2020.

In addition, on March 16, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to transfer to Wasef Jabsheh at the Closing an additional 
131,148 of its Earnout Shares (represented by our common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) that are 
subject to potential vesting and share acquisition obligations (the “Share Transfer Letter”).

The Earnout Shares cannot be transferred by any of Wasef Jabsheh, Argo or the Sponsor unless and until they 
vest in accordance with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter and except as otherwise permitted by the Sponsor 
Share Letter, including with the of all consent of all of the parties to the Sponsor Share Letter. Any Earnout Shares 
that fail to vest on or prior to the eight-year anniversary of the Closing (the period from the Closing until such date, 
the “Earnout Period”) will be transferred to the Company for cancellation. Unless and until any Earnout Shares are 
transferred to the Company for cancellation, each of Wasef Jabsheh, Argo and the Sponsor will own all rights to such 
Earnout Shares, including the right to vote such shares and to receive dividends.

Pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Share Letter, Earnout Shares vest and are no longer subject to acquisition 

by the Company for cancellation as follows:

Holder

Wasef Jabsheh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Argo  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Sponsor and its transferees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of 

Earnout 

Shares

Company 

Share Price 

Threshold*

131,148

400,000

131,148

39,200

800,000

160,800

550,000

331,352

15.25

12.75

15.25

12.75

11.50

12.75

14.00

15.25

* 

Based on the closing price of our common shares on the principal exchange on which such securities are then listed or quoted 

for 20 trading days over a 30 trading day period at any time during the Earnout Period (in each case subject to equitable 

adjustment for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions)

Additionally, all Earnout Shares will automatically vest and no longer be subject to acquisition by the Company 

for cancellation if after the Closing (1) the Company engages in a “going private” transaction pursuant to Rule 13e-3 

under  the  Exchange Act  or  otherwise  ceases  to  be  subject  to  reporting  obligations  under  Sections  13  or  15(d)  of 

the Exchange Act, (2) the Company’s common shares cease to be listed on a national securities exchange or (3) the 

Company is subject to a change of control.

The Tiberius private warrants and the Earnout Shares transferred by the Sponsor to Wasef Jabsheh and Argo 

under the Sponsor Share Letter and the Share Transfer Letter were transferred to them as “permitted transferees” and 

each of Wasef Jabsheh and Argo agreed to be bound by the transfer restrictions set forth in the Warrant Agreement and 

the Insider Letter with respect to such securities.

In  addition,  on  February  12,  2020, Tiberius,  the  Sponsor,  the  Company  and  IGI  Dubai  entered  into  a  letter 

agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) in which (1) the Sponsor agreed to forfeit 180,000 shares of Tiberius common 

stock at Closing and (2) Tiberius agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to repurchase 3,000,000 warrants from a 

warrant holder at Closing for an aggregate purchase price of $4,275,000.

Pursuant to the Sponsor Shares Letter, the Share Transfer Letter and the Letter Agreement, at the Closing:

• 

the Sponsor transferred to Wasef Jabsheh at (i) 4,000,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became 

our private warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 1,131,148 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our 

common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger);

• 

the Sponsor transferred to Argo (i) 500,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became our private 

warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 39,200 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares 

issued in exchange therefor in the Merger);

the Sponsor forfeited 180,000 shares of Tiberius common stock; and

Tiberius  repurchased  3,000,000  warrants  from  a  warrant  holder  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of 

• 

• 

$4,275,000.

On April 6, 2020, the Sponsor distributed all of its 2,902,152 common shares, including 1,842,152 common 

shares subject to vesting, to its members. The members of the Sponsor, who include, among others, Michael Gray and 

Andrew Poole, are subject to the transfer restrictions and vesting set forth in the Sponsor Share Letter and the Insider 

Letter with respect to such common shares.

On October 4, 2023, we completed the repurchase and redemption of all outstanding public and private warrants, 

including warrants held by Mr. Jabsheh and Argo.

125

126

147

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023B. Related Party Transactions

Transactions Related to the Business Combination

Sponsor Share Letter

Simultaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement on October 10, 2019, the Sponsor, 

Tiberius, IGI Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh and Argo entered into the Sponsor Share Letter, to which the Company became a 

party by executing and delivering a joinder thereto, pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed:

(a) 

to transfer to Wasef Jabsheh at the Closing (i) 4,000,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became 

our private warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 1,000,000 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our 

common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) (the “Jabsheh Earnout Shares”), with such 

Jabsheh  Earnout  Shares  being  subject  to  certain  vesting  and  share  acquisition  provisions  as  set  forth 

therein;

(b) 

to transfer to Argo at the Closing (i) 500,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became our private 

warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 39,200 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares 

issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) (the “Argo Earnout Shares”), with such Argo Earnout Shares 

being subject to certain vesting and share acquisition provisions as set forth therein;

(c) 

effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business  Combination  to  subject  1,973,300  of  its  remaining 

Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) 

(the “Sponsor Earnout Shares” and, together with the Jabsheh Earnout Shares and the Argo Earnout Shares, 

the “Earnout Shares”) to potential vesting and share acquisition obligations as set forth therein;

(d) 

to waive its right to convert any loans outstanding to Tiberius into Tiberius warrants and/or warrants of the 

Company so long as such loans are repaid at Closing; and

(e) 

to not, without the prior written consent of IGI, seek or agree to a waiver or amendment of or terminate 

the  provisions  of  the Tiberius  Insider  Letter  regarding  the  Sponsor’s  agreements  therein  not  to  redeem 

any of its Tiberius securities in connection with the Closing, not to transfer any of its Tiberius securities 

prior to the Closing and to vote in favor of the Business Combination at the special meeting of Tiberius 

stockholders that was held on March 13, 2020.

In addition, on March 16, 2020, the Sponsor agreed to transfer to Wasef Jabsheh at the Closing an additional 

131,148 of its Earnout Shares (represented by our common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger) that are 

subject to potential vesting and share acquisition obligations (the “Share Transfer Letter”).

The Earnout Shares cannot be transferred by any of Wasef Jabsheh, Argo or the Sponsor unless and until they 

vest in accordance with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter and except as otherwise permitted by the Sponsor 

Share Letter, including with the of all consent of all of the parties to the Sponsor Share Letter. Any Earnout Shares 

that fail to vest on or prior to the eight-year anniversary of the Closing (the period from the Closing until such date, 

the “Earnout Period”) will be transferred to the Company for cancellation. Unless and until any Earnout Shares are 

transferred to the Company for cancellation, each of Wasef Jabsheh, Argo and the Sponsor will own all rights to such 

Earnout Shares, including the right to vote such shares and to receive dividends.

Pursuant to the terms of the Sponsor Share Letter, Earnout Shares vest and are no longer subject to acquisition 

by the Company for cancellation as follows:

Holder
Wasef Jabsheh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Argo  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Sponsor and its transferees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of 
Earnout 
Shares

Company 
Share Price 
Threshold*

131,148
400,000
131,148

39,200

800,000
160,800
550,000
331,352

15.25
12.75
15.25

12.75

11.50
12.75
14.00
15.25

* 

Based on the closing price of our common shares on the principal exchange on which such securities are then listed or quoted 
for 20 trading days over a 30 trading day period at any time during the Earnout Period (in each case subject to equitable 
adjustment for share splits, share dividends, reorganizations, combinations, recapitalizations and similar transactions)

Additionally, all Earnout Shares will automatically vest and no longer be subject to acquisition by the Company 
for cancellation if after the Closing (1) the Company engages in a “going private” transaction pursuant to Rule 13e-3 
under  the  Exchange Act  or  otherwise  ceases  to  be  subject  to  reporting  obligations  under  Sections  13  or  15(d)  of 
the Exchange Act, (2) the Company’s common shares cease to be listed on a national securities exchange or (3) the 
Company is subject to a change of control.

The Tiberius private warrants and the Earnout Shares transferred by the Sponsor to Wasef Jabsheh and Argo 
under the Sponsor Share Letter and the Share Transfer Letter were transferred to them as “permitted transferees” and 
each of Wasef Jabsheh and Argo agreed to be bound by the transfer restrictions set forth in the Warrant Agreement and 
the Insider Letter with respect to such securities.

In  addition,  on  February  12,  2020, Tiberius,  the  Sponsor,  the  Company  and  IGI  Dubai  entered  into  a  letter 
agreement (the “Letter Agreement”) in which (1) the Sponsor agreed to forfeit 180,000 shares of Tiberius common 
stock at Closing and (2) Tiberius agreed to use its reasonable best efforts to repurchase 3,000,000 warrants from a 
warrant holder at Closing for an aggregate purchase price of $4,275,000.

Pursuant to the Sponsor Shares Letter, the Share Transfer Letter and the Letter Agreement, at the Closing:

• 

• 

• 

• 

the Sponsor transferred to Wasef Jabsheh at (i) 4,000,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became 
our private warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 1,131,148 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our 
common shares issued in exchange therefor in the Merger);

the Sponsor transferred to Argo (i) 500,000 of its Tiberius private warrants (which became our private 
warrants at the Closing) and (ii) 39,200 of its Tiberius founder shares (represented by our common shares 
issued in exchange therefor in the Merger);

the Sponsor forfeited 180,000 shares of Tiberius common stock; and

Tiberius  repurchased  3,000,000  warrants  from  a  warrant  holder  for  an  aggregate  purchase  price  of 
$4,275,000.

On April 6, 2020, the Sponsor distributed all of its 2,902,152 common shares, including 1,842,152 common 
shares subject to vesting, to its members. The members of the Sponsor, who include, among others, Michael Gray and 
Andrew Poole, are subject to the transfer restrictions and vesting set forth in the Sponsor Share Letter and the Insider 
Letter with respect to such common shares.

On October 4, 2023, we completed the repurchase and redemption of all outstanding public and private warrants, 

including warrants held by Mr. Jabsheh and Argo.

125

126

148

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          As of December 13, 2023, the Company’s common shares traded at or above the price of $11.50 per shares for 
20 trading days over a 30 trading day period, which caused certain number of the Earnout Shares to vest in accordance 
with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter. As of January 23, 2024, the Company’s common shares traded at 
or above the price of $12.75 per shares for 20 trading days over a 30 trading day period, which caused an additional 
number of the Earnout Shares to vest in accordance with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter.

As a result of vesting of certain Earnout Shares at $11.50 and $12.75 thresholds, as of the date of this annual 

report, the outstanding unvested number of Earnout Shares was as follows:

Holder
Wasef Jabsheh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Sponsor and its transferees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of 
Earnout 
Shares

Company 
Share Price 
Threshold

131,148
550,000
331,352

15.25
14.00
15.25

Registration Rights Agreement with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders

At the Closing, the Company, the Purchaser Representative and the Sellers entered into a Registration Rights 
Agreement  (the  “Registration  Rights Agreement”)  that  became  effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business 
Combination. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sellers hold registration rights that obligate the Company 
to  register  for  resale  under  the  Securities Act  all  or  any  portion  of  the  Exchange  Shares  (including  any  additional 
Exchange Shares issued after the Closing for the Transaction Consideration adjustments) and any Tiberius securities 
transferred  to  such  Seller  under  the  Sponsor  Share  Letter  (collectively,  the  “Registrable  Securities”).  Under  the 
Registration  Rights Agreement,  Sellers  holding  at  least  25%  of  the  Registrable  Securities  as  of  the  Closing  (after 
giving effect thereto) are entitled to make a written demand for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of 
their  Registrable  Securities.  Subject  to  certain  exceptions,  if  at  any  time  after  the  Closing,  the  Company  proposes 
to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to its securities, under the Registration Rights 
Agreement, it will be required to give notice to the Sellers as to the proposed filing and offer the Sellers holding 
Registrable Securities an opportunity to register the sale of such number of Registrable Securities as requested by the 
Sellers in writing. In addition, under the Registration Rights Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, Sellers holding 
at least 25% of the Registrable Securities as of the Closing (after giving effect thereto) are entitled to request in writing 
that the Company register the resale of any or all of such Registrable Securities on Form S-3 or F-3 and any similar 
short-form registration that may be available at such time. The Company also agreed to file within 30 days after the 
Closing a resale registration statement on Form F-1, F-3, S-1 or S-3 covering all Registrable Securities and to use 
its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective as soon as possible 
thereafter. The Company initially filed such registration statement on Form F-1 with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and 
it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. The Company replaced the registration statement on Form F-1 with a new 
registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the SEC in November 2021.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sellers are required to immediately discontinue disposition of 
their  Registrable  Securities  under  our  resale  registration  statement  upon  receipt  of  a  notice  from  the  Company  of 
certain events specified in the Registration Rights Agreement, including, among others, a notice that the financial 
statements contained in the registration statement become stale, that the registration statement or prospectus included 
therein  contains  a  material  misstatement  or  omission  due  to  a  bona  fide  business  purpose  or  if  transacting  in  our 
securities by “insiders” is suspended pursuant to a written insider trading compliance program because of the existence 
of material non-public information.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to indemnify the Sellers and certain persons or entities 
related  to  the  Sellers  such  as  their  officers,  directors,  employees,  agents  and  representatives  against  any  losses  or 
damages resulting from any untrue statement or omission of a material fact in any registration statement or prospectus 
pursuant to which they sell Registrable Securities, unless such liability arose from their misstatement or omission, 
and the Sellers including Registrable Securities in any registration statement or prospectus agreed to indemnify the 
Company and certain persons or entities related to the Company such as its officers and directors and underwriters 
against all losses caused by their material misstatements or omissions in those documents.

Amended & Restated Bye-laws

Nomination of Directors.  Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our directors will be elected by the 

shareholders at an annual general meeting or at any special general meeting called for that purpose, subject to the following:

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify two directors (such Wasef Jabsheh-appointed directors, 

“Jabsheh Directors”) for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, members of Wasef Jabsheh’s immediate family 

and/or natural lineal descendants of Wasef Jabsheh or a trust or other similar entity established for the 

exclusive  benefit  of  Jabsheh  and  his  immediate  family  and  natural  lineal  descendants  (the  “Jabsheh 

Family”)  and/or  their  affiliates  own  at  least  10%  of  our  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares  and 

(2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company; and

•  Wasef  Jabsheh  will  be  entitled  to  appoint  and  classify  one  Jabsheh  Director  for  so  long  as 

(1) Wasef Jabsheh, the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% (but less than 10%) of our 

issued and outstanding common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company.

Removal of Directors.  Our shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors may, at any special general 

meeting  convened  and  held  in  accordance  with  the Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws,  remove  a  director  only  with 

cause, provided that the notice of any such meeting convened for the purpose of removing a director must contain 

a statement of the intention so to do and be served on such director not less than 14 days before the meeting and at 

such meeting the director will be entitled to be heard on the motion for such director’s removal; provided further that a 

Jabsheh Director may only be removed by Wasef Jabsheh by notice in writing to the Jabsheh Director and the secretary, 

so long as Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint such director in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

Approval of Certain Transactions.  Our board of directors may approve the following transactions only if each 

Jabsheh Director then in office votes in favor of such transactions:

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 

basis;

Company’s common shares;

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 

$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 

10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Non-Competition Agreement

Simultaneously  with  the  execution  of  the  Business  Combination  Agreement  on  October  10,  2019,  Wasef 

Jabsheh, Tiberius, IGI Dubai and the Purchaser Representative entered into a Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation 

Agreement (the “Non-Competition Agreement”), to which the Company became a party by executing and delivering a 

joinder thereto, in favor of Tiberius, the Company, IGI Dubai and their respective successors, affiliates and subsidiaries 

(collectively, the “Covered Parties”) relating to the Covered Parties’ business after the Closing. The Non-Competition 

Agreement  became  effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business  Combination.  Under  the  Non-Competition 

Agreement, for a period of three (3) years after the Closing (the “Restricted Period”), Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled 

affiliates will not, without the Company’s prior written consent, anywhere in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Central 

America, South America, Continental Europe or in any other markets in which the Covered Parties are engaged, or 

are actively contemplating to become engaged, in the Business, as of the date of the Closing or during the Restricted 

Period,  directly  or  indirectly  engage  in  the  business  (or  own,  manage,  finance  or  control,  or  become  engaged  or 

serve as an officer, director, employee, member, partner, agent, consultant, advisor or representative of, an entity that 

engages in the business) of commercial property and casualty insurance and reinsurance (collectively, the “Business”). 

However, Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled affiliates may own passive investments of no more than 3% of the total 

outstanding  equity  interests  of  a  competitor  that  is  publicly  traded,  so  long  as  Wasef  Jabsheh  and  his  controlled 

affiliates and their respective equity holders, directors, officers, managers and employees who were involved with 

127

128

149

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023As of December 13, 2023, the Company’s common shares traded at or above the price of $11.50 per shares for 

20 trading days over a 30 trading day period, which caused certain number of the Earnout Shares to vest in accordance 

with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter. As of January 23, 2024, the Company’s common shares traded at 

or above the price of $12.75 per shares for 20 trading days over a 30 trading day period, which caused an additional 

number of the Earnout Shares to vest in accordance with the requirements of the Sponsor Share Letter.

As a result of vesting of certain Earnout Shares at $11.50 and $12.75 thresholds, as of the date of this annual 

report, the outstanding unvested number of Earnout Shares was as follows:

Holder

Wasef Jabsheh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Sponsor and its transferees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Number of 

Earnout 

Shares

Company 

Share Price 

Threshold

131,148

550,000

331,352

15.25

14.00

15.25

Registration Rights Agreement with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders

At the Closing, the Company, the Purchaser Representative and the Sellers entered into a Registration Rights 

Agreement  (the  “Registration  Rights Agreement”)  that  became  effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business 

Combination. Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sellers hold registration rights that obligate the Company 

to  register  for  resale  under  the  Securities Act  all  or  any  portion  of  the  Exchange  Shares  (including  any  additional 

Exchange Shares issued after the Closing for the Transaction Consideration adjustments) and any Tiberius securities 

transferred  to  such  Seller  under  the  Sponsor  Share  Letter  (collectively,  the  “Registrable  Securities”).  Under  the 

Registration  Rights Agreement,  Sellers  holding  at  least  25%  of  the  Registrable  Securities  as  of  the  Closing  (after 

giving effect thereto) are entitled to make a written demand for registration under the Securities Act of all or part of 

their  Registrable  Securities.  Subject  to  certain  exceptions,  if  at  any  time  after  the  Closing,  the  Company  proposes 

to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to its securities, under the Registration Rights 

Agreement, it will be required to give notice to the Sellers as to the proposed filing and offer the Sellers holding 

Registrable Securities an opportunity to register the sale of such number of Registrable Securities as requested by the 

Sellers in writing. In addition, under the Registration Rights Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, Sellers holding 

at least 25% of the Registrable Securities as of the Closing (after giving effect thereto) are entitled to request in writing 

that the Company register the resale of any or all of such Registrable Securities on Form S-3 or F-3 and any similar 

short-form registration that may be available at such time. The Company also agreed to file within 30 days after the 

Closing a resale registration statement on Form F-1, F-3, S-1 or S-3 covering all Registrable Securities and to use 

its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective as soon as possible 

thereafter. The Company initially filed such registration statement on Form F-1 with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and 

it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. The Company replaced the registration statement on Form F-1 with a new 

registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the SEC in November 2021.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, the Sellers are required to immediately discontinue disposition of 

their  Registrable  Securities  under  our  resale  registration  statement  upon  receipt  of  a  notice  from  the  Company  of 

certain events specified in the Registration Rights Agreement, including, among others, a notice that the financial 

statements contained in the registration statement become stale, that the registration statement or prospectus included 

therein  contains  a  material  misstatement  or  omission  due  to  a  bona  fide  business  purpose  or  if  transacting  in  our 

securities by “insiders” is suspended pursuant to a written insider trading compliance program because of the existence 

of material non-public information.

Under the Registration Rights Agreement, we agreed to indemnify the Sellers and certain persons or entities 

related  to  the  Sellers  such  as  their  officers,  directors,  employees,  agents  and  representatives  against  any  losses  or 

damages resulting from any untrue statement or omission of a material fact in any registration statement or prospectus 

pursuant to which they sell Registrable Securities, unless such liability arose from their misstatement or omission, 

and the Sellers including Registrable Securities in any registration statement or prospectus agreed to indemnify the 

Company and certain persons or entities related to the Company such as its officers and directors and underwriters 

against all losses caused by their material misstatements or omissions in those documents.

Amended & Restated Bye-laws

Nomination of Directors.  Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our directors will be elected by the 
shareholders at an annual general meeting or at any special general meeting called for that purpose, subject to the following:

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify two directors (such Wasef Jabsheh-appointed directors, 
“Jabsheh Directors”) for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, members of Wasef Jabsheh’s immediate family 
and/or natural lineal descendants of Wasef Jabsheh or a trust or other similar entity established for the 
exclusive  benefit  of  Jabsheh  and  his  immediate  family  and  natural  lineal  descendants  (the  “Jabsheh 
Family”)  and/or  their  affiliates  own  at  least  10%  of  our  issued  and  outstanding  common  shares  and 
(2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company; and

•  Wasef  Jabsheh  will  be  entitled  to  appoint  and  classify  one  Jabsheh  Director  for  so  long  as 
(1) Wasef Jabsheh, the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% (but less than 10%) of our 
issued and outstanding common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company.

Removal of Directors.  Our shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors may, at any special general 
meeting  convened  and  held  in  accordance  with  the Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws,  remove  a  director  only  with 
cause, provided that the notice of any such meeting convened for the purpose of removing a director must contain 
a statement of the intention so to do and be served on such director not less than 14 days before the meeting and at 
such meeting the director will be entitled to be heard on the motion for such director’s removal; provided further that a 
Jabsheh Director may only be removed by Wasef Jabsheh by notice in writing to the Jabsheh Director and the secretary, 
so long as Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint such director in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

Approval of Certain Transactions.  Our board of directors may approve the following transactions only if each 

Jabsheh Director then in office votes in favor of such transactions:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 
basis;

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 
Company’s common shares;

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 
$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 
10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

Non-Competition Agreement

Simultaneously  with  the  execution  of  the  Business  Combination  Agreement  on  October  10,  2019,  Wasef 
Jabsheh, Tiberius, IGI Dubai and the Purchaser Representative entered into a Non-Competition and Non-Solicitation 
Agreement (the “Non-Competition Agreement”), to which the Company became a party by executing and delivering a 
joinder thereto, in favor of Tiberius, the Company, IGI Dubai and their respective successors, affiliates and subsidiaries 
(collectively, the “Covered Parties”) relating to the Covered Parties’ business after the Closing. The Non-Competition 
Agreement  became  effective  upon  the  consummation  of  the  Business  Combination.  Under  the  Non-Competition 
Agreement, for a period of three (3) years after the Closing (the “Restricted Period”), Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled 
affiliates will not, without the Company’s prior written consent, anywhere in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Central 
America, South America, Continental Europe or in any other markets in which the Covered Parties are engaged, or 
are actively contemplating to become engaged, in the Business, as of the date of the Closing or during the Restricted 
Period,  directly  or  indirectly  engage  in  the  business  (or  own,  manage,  finance  or  control,  or  become  engaged  or 
serve as an officer, director, employee, member, partner, agent, consultant, advisor or representative of, an entity that 
engages in the business) of commercial property and casualty insurance and reinsurance (collectively, the “Business”). 
However, Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled affiliates may own passive investments of no more than 3% of the total 
outstanding  equity  interests  of  a  competitor  that  is  publicly  traded,  so  long  as  Wasef  Jabsheh  and  his  controlled 
affiliates and their respective equity holders, directors, officers, managers and employees who were involved with 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          the business of any of the Covered Parties are not involved in the management or control of such competitor. Under 
the Non-Competition Agreement, during the Restricted Period, Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled affiliates also will 
not, without the Company’s prior written consent, (i) solicit or hire the Covered Parties’ employees, consultants or 
independent contractors as of the Closing, during the Restricted Period or at any time within the six (6) month period 
prior to such solicitation, or (ii) solicit or induce the Covered Parties’ customers as of the Closing, during the Restricted 
Period  or  at  any  time  within  the  6  month  period  prior  to  such  solicitation.  Wasef  Jabsheh  also  agreed  to  certain 
confidentiality obligations with respect to the information of the Covered Parties.

Our Related Party Transaction Policy and Practices

Related Party Transaction Policy

Our  board  of  directors  has  adopted  a  written  related  party  transactions  policy.  For  purposes  of  the  policy, 
interested transactions include transactions, arrangements or relationships generally involving amounts greater than 
$120,000 in the aggregate in which the Company is a participant and a related party has a direct or indirect interest. 
Related parties are deemed to include directors, director nominees, executive officers, beneficial owners of more than 
five percent of our voting securities, or an immediate family member of the preceding group.

Employment Agreements

We  have  entered  into  employment  agreements  with  our  Executive  Chairman,  President  and  Chief  Executive 
Officer,  and  Chief  Operating  Officer. The  employment  agreements  have  a  fixed  term  of  three  years,  with  annual 
renewals thereafter, subject to termination after a specified notice period. Each executive is entitled to an annual salary, 
to be reviewed each year, an annual target bonus opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), and an annual long 
term incentive opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), with cash amounts being paid in USD. For further 
details on our employment agreements, see the section entitled “Executive Compensation — Employment Agreements.”

Indemnification Agreements

We  have  entered  into  indemnification  agreements  with  each  of  our  directors  and  executive  officers.  The 
indemnification agreements provide, to the fullest extent permitted under law, indemnification against all expenses, 
judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement relating to, arising out of or resulting from indemnitee’s status as a 
director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership or 
joint venture, trust or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the Company’s request. In addition, the 
indemnification agreements provide that the Company will advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, the expenses 
incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any proceeding, and such advancement will be made within 30 days 
after the receipt by the Company of a statement requesting such advances from time to time, whether prior to or after 
final disposition of any proceeding.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

For consolidated financial statements and other financial information, see Item 18 of this annual report.

For a discussion of legal proceedings involving the Company, see Note 21 to the IGI audited consolidated financial 
statements included in this annual report and the section entitled “Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business 
Overview — Litigation,” which is incorporated by reference herein.

Our board of directors will evaluate whether or not to pay dividends and, if so, whether to pay dividends on a 
quarterly,  semi-annual  or  annual  basis,  depending  on  our  results,  market  conditions,  contractual  obligations,  legal 
restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors.

B. Significant Changes

None.

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130

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

General

ITEM 9.  THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

Our common shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol IGIC. Holders of our common shares should obtain 

current market quotations for their securities. There can be no assurance that our common shares will remain listed on 

Nasdaq. If we fail to comply with the Nasdaq listing requirements, our common shares could be delisted from Nasdaq. 

A delisting of our common shares will likely affect the liquidity of our common shares and could inhibit or restrict 

our ability to raise additional financing. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Ownership of Our 

Securities — Nasdaq may delist our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to engage in transactions in our 

securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.”

A discussion of all stock exchanges and other regulated markets on which our securities are listed is provided 

under “— A. Offer and Listing Details” of this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 10.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

The following description includes a summary of specified provisions of our memorandum of association and 

our Amended and Restated Bye-laws. This description is qualified by reference to our memorandum of association and 

our Amended and Restated Bye-laws which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to this annual report.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda 

and  registered  with  the  Registrar  of  Companies  in  Bermuda  under  registration  number  55038. The  Company  was 

incorporated on October 28, 2019 under the name International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. Its registered office 

is located at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Prior to the Business Combination, the 

Company owned no material assets and did not operate any business.

The objects of our business are unrestricted, and the Company has the capacity of a natural person. We can 

therefore undertake activities without restriction on our capacity.

Other than in connection with the Business Combination, since our incorporation, there have been no material 

changes  to  our  share  capital,  mergers,  amalgamations  or  consolidations  of  the  Company  or  any  of  our  significant 

subsidiaries, no acquisitions or dispositions of material assets other than in the ordinary course of business, no material 

changes in the mode of conducting our business, no material changes in the types of products produced or services 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023the business of any of the Covered Parties are not involved in the management or control of such competitor. Under 

the Non-Competition Agreement, during the Restricted Period, Wasef Jabsheh and his controlled affiliates also will 

not, without the Company’s prior written consent, (i) solicit or hire the Covered Parties’ employees, consultants or 

independent contractors as of the Closing, during the Restricted Period or at any time within the six (6) month period 

prior to such solicitation, or (ii) solicit or induce the Covered Parties’ customers as of the Closing, during the Restricted 

Period  or  at  any  time  within  the  6  month  period  prior  to  such  solicitation.  Wasef  Jabsheh  also  agreed  to  certain 

confidentiality obligations with respect to the information of the Covered Parties.

Our Related Party Transaction Policy and Practices

Related Party Transaction Policy

ITEM 9.  THE OFFER AND LISTING

A. Offer and Listing Details

Our common shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol IGIC. Holders of our common shares should obtain 
current market quotations for their securities. There can be no assurance that our common shares will remain listed on 
Nasdaq. If we fail to comply with the Nasdaq listing requirements, our common shares could be delisted from Nasdaq. 
A delisting of our common shares will likely affect the liquidity of our common shares and could inhibit or restrict 
our ability to raise additional financing. See the section entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Relating to Ownership of Our 
Securities — Nasdaq may delist our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to engage in transactions in our 
securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.”

Our  board  of  directors  has  adopted  a  written  related  party  transactions  policy.  For  purposes  of  the  policy, 

interested transactions include transactions, arrangements or relationships generally involving amounts greater than 

$120,000 in the aggregate in which the Company is a participant and a related party has a direct or indirect interest. 

Related parties are deemed to include directors, director nominees, executive officers, beneficial owners of more than 

five percent of our voting securities, or an immediate family member of the preceding group.

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

A discussion of all stock exchanges and other regulated markets on which our securities are listed is provided 

under “— A. Offer and Listing Details” of this annual report and is incorporated herein by reference.

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

ITEM 10.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

The following description includes a summary of specified provisions of our memorandum of association and 
our Amended and Restated Bye-laws. This description is qualified by reference to our memorandum of association and 
our Amended and Restated Bye-laws which are incorporated by reference as exhibits to this annual report.

General

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. is an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda 
and  registered  with  the  Registrar  of  Companies  in  Bermuda  under  registration  number  55038. The  Company  was 
incorporated on October 28, 2019 under the name International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. Its registered office 
is located at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton HM11, Bermuda. Prior to the Business Combination, the 
Company owned no material assets and did not operate any business.

The objects of our business are unrestricted, and the Company has the capacity of a natural person. We can 

therefore undertake activities without restriction on our capacity.

Other than in connection with the Business Combination, since our incorporation, there have been no material 
changes  to  our  share  capital,  mergers,  amalgamations  or  consolidations  of  the  Company  or  any  of  our  significant 
subsidiaries, no acquisitions or dispositions of material assets other than in the ordinary course of business, no material 
changes in the mode of conducting our business, no material changes in the types of products produced or services 

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Employment Agreements

We  have  entered  into  employment  agreements  with  our  Executive  Chairman,  President  and  Chief  Executive 

Officer,  and  Chief  Operating  Officer. The  employment  agreements  have  a  fixed  term  of  three  years,  with  annual 

renewals thereafter, subject to termination after a specified notice period. Each executive is entitled to an annual salary, 

to be reviewed each year, an annual target bonus opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), and an annual long 

term incentive opportunity (calculated as a percentage of salary), with cash amounts being paid in USD. For further 

details on our employment agreements, see the section entitled “Executive Compensation — Employment Agreements.”

Indemnification Agreements

We  have  entered  into  indemnification  agreements  with  each  of  our  directors  and  executive  officers.  The 

indemnification agreements provide, to the fullest extent permitted under law, indemnification against all expenses, 

judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement relating to, arising out of or resulting from indemnitee’s status as a 

director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any other corporation, limited liability company, partnership or 

joint venture, trust or other enterprise which such person is or was serving at the Company’s request. In addition, the 

indemnification agreements provide that the Company will advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, the expenses 

incurred by the indemnitee in connection with any proceeding, and such advancement will be made within 30 days 

after the receipt by the Company of a statement requesting such advances from time to time, whether prior to or after 

final disposition of any proceeding.

C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not applicable.

ITEM 8.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

For consolidated financial statements and other financial information, see Item 18 of this annual report.

For a discussion of legal proceedings involving the Company, see Note 21 to the IGI audited consolidated financial 

statements included in this annual report and the section entitled “Item 4. Information on the Company — B. Business 

Overview — Litigation,” which is incorporated by reference herein.

Our board of directors will evaluate whether or not to pay dividends and, if so, whether to pay dividends on a 

quarterly,  semi-annual  or  annual  basis,  depending  on  our  results,  market  conditions,  contractual  obligations,  legal 

restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors.

B. Significant Changes

None.

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          rendered and no name changes. There have been no bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings with respect to 
the Company or its significant subsidiaries. There have been no public takeover offers by third parties for our shares 
nor any public takeover offers by us for the shares of another company which have occurred during the last or current 
financial years.

General Meetings

Pre-emptive Rights

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws do not provide shareholders with pro rata preemptive rights to subscribe 
for any newly issued common shares. Additionally, the Companies Act does not provide shareholders with a statutory 
preemptive right.

Repurchase of Shares

Our  board  of  directors  may  exercise  all  of  the  powers  to  purchase  for  cancellation  or  acquire  our  shares  as 
treasury shares in accordance with the Companies Act. On a reacquisition of shares, such shares may be cancelled 
(in which event, our issued but not our authorized capital will be diminished accordingly) or held as treasury shares. 
Such purchases may only be effected out of the capital paid up on the purchased shares or out of the funds otherwise 
available for dividend or distribution or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose.

Alteration of Share Capital

We may, if authorized by a resolution of our shareholders, increase, divide, consolidate, subdivide, change the 
currency  denomination  of,  diminish  or  otherwise  alter  or  reduce  the  share  capital  in  any  manner  permitted  by  the 
Companies Act.

Variation of Rights

If at any time we have more than one class of shares, the rights attaching to any class, unless otherwise provided 
for by the terms of issue of the relevant class, may be varied with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority 
of the votes cast at a general meeting of the relevant class of shareholders at which a quorum consisting of at least 
two persons holding or representing one-third of the issued shares of the relevant class is present. Our Amended and 
Restated Bye-laws specify that the creation or issue of shares ranking equally with existing shares will not, unless 
expressly provided by the terms of issue of existing shares, vary the rights attached to existing shares. In addition, the 
creation or issue of preference shares ranking prior to common shares will not be deemed to vary the rights attached 
to common shares or, subject to the terms of any other series of preference shares, to vary the rights attached to any 
other series of preference shares.

Transfer of Shares

Our board of directors may in its absolute discretion and without assigning any reason refuse to register the 
transfer  of  a  share  which  is  not  fully  paid.  Our  board  of  directors  may  also  refuse  to  recognize  an  instrument  of 
transfer of a share unless it is accompanied by the relevant share certificate and such other evidence of the transferor’s 
right to make the transfer as our board of directors shall reasonably require. The board of directors shall refuse to 
register a transfer unless all applicable consents, authorizations and permissions of any governmental body or agency 
in Bermuda have been obtained, may decline to register any transfer of shares if it appears to the directors, in their 
reasonable  discretion,  that  any  non-de  minimis  adverse  tax,  regulatory  or  legal  consequence  to  the  Company,  any 
subsidiary of the Company or the Company’s affiliates would result from such transfer; or may decline to register 
any transfer of shares if the transferee shall not have been approved by applicable governmental authorities outside 
of Bermuda if such approval is required in respect of such transfer. Subject to these restrictions, a holder of common 
shares may transfer the title to all or any of its common shares by completing a form of transfer in the form set out in 
our Amended and Restated Bye-laws (or as near thereto as circumstances admit) or in such other common form as the 
board of directors may accept. The instrument of transfer must be signed by the transferor and transferee, although in 
the case of a fully paid share our board of directors may accept the instrument signed only by the transferor.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, our shares may be transferred 
without a written instrument if transferred by an appointed agent and in any form or manner which is in accordance 
with the rules or regulations of an appointed stock exchange (which includes the Nasdaq Capital Market) on which the 
shares are listed or admitted to trading.

An annual general meeting will be held each year in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act and 

our Amended and Restated Bye-laws at such time and place as our board of directors appoints. Our board of directors 

or  the  chairman  may  also,  whenever  in  its  judgment  it  is  necessary,  convene  general  meetings  other  than  annual 

general meetings which are called special general meetings. Bermuda law and the Amended and Restated Bye-laws 

provide that a special general meeting must be called upon the request of shareholders holding not less than one-tenth 

of the paid-up capital of the Company carrying the right to vote at general meetings. Any annual general meeting and 

special general meeting must be called by not less than fourteen (14) days’ prior notice in writing. A notice of meeting 

must include the place, day and time of the meeting and, in the case of an annual general meeting, that the election of 

directors will take place thereat and any other business to be conducted at the meeting, and, in the case of a special 

general meeting, the general nature of the business to be considered at the meeting. This notice requirement is subject 

to the ability to hold such meetings on shorter notice if such notice is agreed: (i) in the case of an annual general 

meeting by all of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote at such meeting; or (ii) in the case of a special general 

meeting by a majority in number of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote at the meeting holding not less than 

95% in nominal value of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. A shareholder may appoint a proxy to attend and 

vote at the general meeting by providing notice in writing to us at our registered office or at such other place or in such 

manner as specified in the notice of the general meeting.

The Executive Chairman, if present, and if not, the President and Chief Executive Officer, if present, and if not, 

any person appointed by our board of directors will act as chairman of the meeting. In their absence and if no one 

is appointed by our board of directors as chairman of such meeting, a chairman of the meeting will be appointed or 

elected by those present at the meeting and entitled to vote.

Board and Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that (a) the board of directors or the chairman of the Company 

may convene a special general meeting whenever in their judgment such meeting is necessary and (b) the board of 

directors must convene a special general meeting at the request of shareholders holding not less than one-tenth of the 

paid-up share capital of the Company with the right to vote at general meetings.

Shareholder Meeting Quorum

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that at any general meeting of shareholders, two or more persons 

present at the start of the meeting, representing in person or by proxy in excess of 50% of the total voting rights of all 

issued and outstanding shares of the Company entitled to vote at such general meeting, shall be the quorum for the 

transaction of business provided, however, that if at any time there is only one shareholder, one shareholder present in 

person or by proxy shall form a quorum for the transaction of business at any general meeting held during such time.

Voting Rights

Subject to any restrictions for the time being lawfully attached to any class of shares, every shareholder who is 

present in person or by proxy at a general meeting shall be entitled to one vote on a show of hands and be entitled to 

one vote for every share of which he is a holder on a vote taken by poll, and any question proposed for the consideration 

of the shareholders at any general meeting shall be decided by the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast in 

accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, and in the case of an equality of votes, the resolution will fail.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

The Companies Act provides that, unless otherwise provided in a company’s bye-laws, shareholders may take 

any  action  by  resolution  in  writing  provided  that  notice  of  such  resolution  is  circulated,  along  with  a  copy  of  the 

resolution, to all shareholders who would be entitled to attend a meeting and vote on the resolution. Such resolution 

in writing must be signed by the shareholders of the company who, at the date of the notice, represent such majority 

of votes as would be required if the resolution had been voted on at a meeting of the shareholders. The Companies 

Act provides that the following actions may not be taken by resolution in writing: (1) the removal of the company’s 

auditors and (2) the removal of a director before the expiration of his or her term of office. Under the Amended and 

Restated Bye-laws, anything which may be done by resolution at a general meeting of shareholders, or by resolution 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023rendered and no name changes. There have been no bankruptcy, receivership or similar proceedings with respect to 

the Company or its significant subsidiaries. There have been no public takeover offers by third parties for our shares 

nor any public takeover offers by us for the shares of another company which have occurred during the last or current 

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws do not provide shareholders with pro rata preemptive rights to subscribe 

for any newly issued common shares. Additionally, the Companies Act does not provide shareholders with a statutory 

Our  board  of  directors  may  exercise  all  of  the  powers  to  purchase  for  cancellation  or  acquire  our  shares  as 

treasury shares in accordance with the Companies Act. On a reacquisition of shares, such shares may be cancelled 

(in which event, our issued but not our authorized capital will be diminished accordingly) or held as treasury shares. 

Such purchases may only be effected out of the capital paid up on the purchased shares or out of the funds otherwise 

available for dividend or distribution or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares made for the purpose.

We may, if authorized by a resolution of our shareholders, increase, divide, consolidate, subdivide, change the 

currency  denomination  of,  diminish  or  otherwise  alter  or  reduce  the  share  capital  in  any  manner  permitted  by  the 

financial years.

Pre-emptive Rights

preemptive right.

Repurchase of Shares

Alteration of Share Capital

Companies Act.

Variation of Rights

If at any time we have more than one class of shares, the rights attaching to any class, unless otherwise provided 

for by the terms of issue of the relevant class, may be varied with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority 

of the votes cast at a general meeting of the relevant class of shareholders at which a quorum consisting of at least 

two persons holding or representing one-third of the issued shares of the relevant class is present. Our Amended and 

Restated Bye-laws specify that the creation or issue of shares ranking equally with existing shares will not, unless 

expressly provided by the terms of issue of existing shares, vary the rights attached to existing shares. In addition, the 

creation or issue of preference shares ranking prior to common shares will not be deemed to vary the rights attached 

to common shares or, subject to the terms of any other series of preference shares, to vary the rights attached to any 

other series of preference shares.

Transfer of Shares

Our board of directors may in its absolute discretion and without assigning any reason refuse to register the 

transfer  of  a  share  which  is  not  fully  paid.  Our  board  of  directors  may  also  refuse  to  recognize  an  instrument  of 

transfer of a share unless it is accompanied by the relevant share certificate and such other evidence of the transferor’s 

right to make the transfer as our board of directors shall reasonably require. The board of directors shall refuse to 

register a transfer unless all applicable consents, authorizations and permissions of any governmental body or agency 

in Bermuda have been obtained, may decline to register any transfer of shares if it appears to the directors, in their 

reasonable  discretion,  that  any  non-de  minimis  adverse  tax,  regulatory  or  legal  consequence  to  the  Company,  any 

subsidiary of the Company or the Company’s affiliates would result from such transfer; or may decline to register 

any transfer of shares if the transferee shall not have been approved by applicable governmental authorities outside 

of Bermuda if such approval is required in respect of such transfer. Subject to these restrictions, a holder of common 

shares may transfer the title to all or any of its common shares by completing a form of transfer in the form set out in 

our Amended and Restated Bye-laws (or as near thereto as circumstances admit) or in such other common form as the 

board of directors may accept. The instrument of transfer must be signed by the transferor and transferee, although in 

the case of a fully paid share our board of directors may accept the instrument signed only by the transferor.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, our shares may be transferred 

without a written instrument if transferred by an appointed agent and in any form or manner which is in accordance 

with the rules or regulations of an appointed stock exchange (which includes the Nasdaq Capital Market) on which the 

shares are listed or admitted to trading.

General Meetings

An annual general meeting will be held each year in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act and 
our Amended and Restated Bye-laws at such time and place as our board of directors appoints. Our board of directors 
or  the  chairman  may  also,  whenever  in  its  judgment  it  is  necessary,  convene  general  meetings  other  than  annual 
general meetings which are called special general meetings. Bermuda law and the Amended and Restated Bye-laws 
provide that a special general meeting must be called upon the request of shareholders holding not less than one-tenth 
of the paid-up capital of the Company carrying the right to vote at general meetings. Any annual general meeting and 
special general meeting must be called by not less than fourteen (14) days’ prior notice in writing. A notice of meeting 
must include the place, day and time of the meeting and, in the case of an annual general meeting, that the election of 
directors will take place thereat and any other business to be conducted at the meeting, and, in the case of a special 
general meeting, the general nature of the business to be considered at the meeting. This notice requirement is subject 
to the ability to hold such meetings on shorter notice if such notice is agreed: (i) in the case of an annual general 
meeting by all of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote at such meeting; or (ii) in the case of a special general 
meeting by a majority in number of the shareholders entitled to attend and vote at the meeting holding not less than 
95% in nominal value of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. A shareholder may appoint a proxy to attend and 
vote at the general meeting by providing notice in writing to us at our registered office or at such other place or in such 
manner as specified in the notice of the general meeting.

The Executive Chairman, if present, and if not, the President and Chief Executive Officer, if present, and if not, 
any person appointed by our board of directors will act as chairman of the meeting. In their absence and if no one 
is appointed by our board of directors as chairman of such meeting, a chairman of the meeting will be appointed or 
elected by those present at the meeting and entitled to vote.

Board and Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meetings

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that (a) the board of directors or the chairman of the Company 
may convene a special general meeting whenever in their judgment such meeting is necessary and (b) the board of 
directors must convene a special general meeting at the request of shareholders holding not less than one-tenth of the 
paid-up share capital of the Company with the right to vote at general meetings.

Shareholder Meeting Quorum

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that at any general meeting of shareholders, two or more persons 
present at the start of the meeting, representing in person or by proxy in excess of 50% of the total voting rights of all 
issued and outstanding shares of the Company entitled to vote at such general meeting, shall be the quorum for the 
transaction of business provided, however, that if at any time there is only one shareholder, one shareholder present in 
person or by proxy shall form a quorum for the transaction of business at any general meeting held during such time.

Voting Rights

Subject to any restrictions for the time being lawfully attached to any class of shares, every shareholder who is 
present in person or by proxy at a general meeting shall be entitled to one vote on a show of hands and be entitled to 
one vote for every share of which he is a holder on a vote taken by poll, and any question proposed for the consideration 
of the shareholders at any general meeting shall be decided by the affirmative votes of a majority of the votes cast in 
accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, and in the case of an equality of votes, the resolution will fail.

Shareholder Action by Written Consent

The Companies Act provides that, unless otherwise provided in a company’s bye-laws, shareholders may take 
any  action  by  resolution  in  writing  provided  that  notice  of  such  resolution  is  circulated,  along  with  a  copy  of  the 
resolution, to all shareholders who would be entitled to attend a meeting and vote on the resolution. Such resolution 
in writing must be signed by the shareholders of the company who, at the date of the notice, represent such majority 
of votes as would be required if the resolution had been voted on at a meeting of the shareholders. The Companies 
Act provides that the following actions may not be taken by resolution in writing: (1) the removal of the company’s 
auditors and (2) the removal of a director before the expiration of his or her term of office. Under the Amended and 
Restated Bye-laws, anything which may be done by resolution at a general meeting of shareholders, or by resolution 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          at a meeting of any class of the shareholders (other than the actions referred to in the preceding sentence) may without 
a meeting and without any previous notice being required, be done by unanimous written resolution signed by or on 
behalf of all shareholders entitled to attend and vote at such a meeting.

Access to Books and Records and Dissemination of Information

Members of the general public have a right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office 
of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include the company’s  memorandum of association, 
including its objects and powers, and certain alterations to the memorandum of association. The shareholders have 
the additional right to inspect the bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited 
financial statements, which must be presented to the annual general meeting. The register of members of a company is 
also open to inspection by shareholders and by members of the general public without charge. The register of members 
is required to be open for inspection for not less than two hours in any business day (subject to the ability of a company 
to close the register of members for not more than thirty days in a year). A company is required to maintain its share 
register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, establish a branch register outside of 
Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of directors and officers that is open for 
inspection for not less than two hours in any business day by members of the public without charge. A company is also 
required to file with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda a list of its directors to be maintained on a register, which 
register will be available for public inspection subject to such conditions as the Registrar may impose and on payment 
of such fee as may be prescribed. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect 
or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

Classified Board

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our board of directors shall consist of such number of directors 
as  the  board  may  from  time  to  time  determine  in  accordance  therewith.  Upon  and  since  the  consummation  of  the 
Business Combination, our board of directors consists of 7 directors. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide 
that the directors are divided into three classes designated Class I, Class II and Class III, with each class of directors 
consisting, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors. 
The Class I directors are initially elected for a one-year term of office, the Class II directors are initially elected for a 
two year term of office and the Class III directors are initially elected for a three-year term of office. At each annual 
general meeting, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual general meeting will be elected 
for  a  three-year  term.  If  the  number  of  directors  is  changed,  any  increase  or  decrease  will  be  apportioned  among 
the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any director of 
any class elected to fill a vacancy will hold office for a term that will coincide with the remaining term of the other 
directors of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any director then 
in office. A director appointed by Mr. Jabsheh will be classified by Mr. Jabsheh in accordance with the Amended 
and Restated Bye-laws, provided that no such classification will change the classification of any other director then 
serving. Currently, Mr. Jabsheh’s appointed directors — Wasef Jabsheh and Walid Jabsheh — are serving as Class III 
Directors with their terms expiring at our 2026 annual general meeting.

Appointment and Election of Directors

Our directors are, subject to Wasef Jabsheh’s rights to appoint directors, elected by the shareholders at an annual 

general meeting or at any special general meeting called for that purpose, subject to the following:

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify two directors (such Wasef Jabsheh-appointed directors, 
“Jabsheh Directors”) for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at 
least 10% of our issued and outstanding common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the 
Company; and

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify one Jabsheh Director for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, 
the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% (but less than 10%) of our issued and outstanding 
common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company.

An eligible shareholder wishing to propose for election as a director someone who is not an existing director or 
is not proposed by our board of directors must give notice of the intention to propose the person for election. Where 
a director is to be elected at an annual general meeting, that notice must be given not less than 90 days nor more than 

120 days before the anniversary of the last annual general meeting prior to the giving of the notice or, in the event 

the annual general meeting is called for a date that is not 30 days before or after such anniversary the notice must be 

given not later than 10 days following the earlier of the date on which notice of the annual general meeting was posted 

to shareholders or the date on which public disclosure of the date of the annual general meeting was made. Where 

a director is to be elected at a special general meeting, that notice must be given not later than 10 days following 

the  earlier  of  the  date  on  which  notice  of  the  special  general  meeting  was  posted  to  shareholders  or  the  date  on 

which public disclosure of the date of the special general meeting was made. An eligible shareholder is a shareholder 

holding at least 5% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company who has held such amount for at least 

three years following the date of adoption of the Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

Removal of Directors

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors 

may, at any special general meeting convened and held in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, 

remove a director only with cause, by the affirmative vote of shareholders holding at least a majority of the total 

voting rights of all shareholders having the right to vote at such meeting, provided that the notice of any such meeting 

convened for the purpose of removing a director must contain a statement of the intention so to do and be served on 

such director not less than 14 days before the meeting and at such meeting the director will be entitled to be heard 

on the motion for such director’s removal; provided further that a Jabsheh Director may only be removed by Wasef 

Jabsheh by notice in writing to the Jabsheh Director and the secretary, so long as Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint 

such director in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws. For purposes of this provision, “cause” means 

a conviction for a criminal offence involving fraud or dishonesty or civil liability in respect of any action involving 

fraud or dishonesty.

Proceedings of Board of Directors

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our business is to be managed and conducted by our board 

of directors. Bermuda law permits individual and corporate directors and there is no requirement in the Amended and 

Restated Bye-laws or Bermuda law that directors hold any of our shares. There is also no requirement in the Amended 

and Restated Bye-laws or Bermuda law that our directors must retire at a certain age.

The remuneration of our directors is determined by the board of directors from time to time at a duly authorized 

meeting. Our directors may also be paid all travel, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection 

with our business or their duties as directors.

Provided a director discloses a direct or indirect interest in any contract or arrangement or proposed contract or 

arrangement with us as required by Bermuda law, such director is entitled to vote in respect of any such contract or 

arrangement in which he or she is interested and/or be counted in the quorum for the meeting at which such contract 

or arrangement is to be voted on.

A  director  (including  the  spouse  or  children  of  the  director  or  any  company  of  which  such  director,  spouse 

or children own or control more than 20% of the capital or loan debt) cannot borrow from us (except loans made 

to  directors  who  are  bona  fide  employees  or  former  employees,  pursuant  to  an  employee  share  scheme)  unless 

shareholders holding 90% of the total voting rights have consented to the loan.

Our board of directors may approve the following transactions only if each Jabsheh Director then in office votes 

Approval of Certain Transactions

in favor of such transactions:

basis;

• 

• 

• 

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 

Company’s common shares;

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 

$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023at a meeting of any class of the shareholders (other than the actions referred to in the preceding sentence) may without 

a meeting and without any previous notice being required, be done by unanimous written resolution signed by or on 

behalf of all shareholders entitled to attend and vote at such a meeting.

Access to Books and Records and Dissemination of Information

Members of the general public have a right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office 

of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include the company’s  memorandum of association, 

including its objects and powers, and certain alterations to the memorandum of association. The shareholders have 

the additional right to inspect the bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited 

financial statements, which must be presented to the annual general meeting. The register of members of a company is 

also open to inspection by shareholders and by members of the general public without charge. The register of members 

is required to be open for inspection for not less than two hours in any business day (subject to the ability of a company 

to close the register of members for not more than thirty days in a year). A company is required to maintain its share 

register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, establish a branch register outside of 

Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of directors and officers that is open for 

inspection for not less than two hours in any business day by members of the public without charge. A company is also 

required to file with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda a list of its directors to be maintained on a register, which 

register will be available for public inspection subject to such conditions as the Registrar may impose and on payment 

of such fee as may be prescribed. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect 

or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

Classified Board

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our board of directors shall consist of such number of directors 

as  the  board  may  from  time  to  time  determine  in  accordance  therewith.  Upon  and  since  the  consummation  of  the 

Business Combination, our board of directors consists of 7 directors. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide 

that the directors are divided into three classes designated Class I, Class II and Class III, with each class of directors 

consisting, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors. 

The Class I directors are initially elected for a one-year term of office, the Class II directors are initially elected for a 

two year term of office and the Class III directors are initially elected for a three-year term of office. At each annual 

general meeting, successors to the class of directors whose term expires at that annual general meeting will be elected 

for  a  three-year  term.  If  the  number  of  directors  is  changed,  any  increase  or  decrease  will  be  apportioned  among 

the classes so as to maintain the number of directors in each class as nearly equal as possible, and any director of 

any class elected to fill a vacancy will hold office for a term that will coincide with the remaining term of the other 

directors of that class, but in no case will a decrease in the number of directors shorten the term of any director then 

in office. A director appointed by Mr. Jabsheh will be classified by Mr. Jabsheh in accordance with the Amended 

and Restated Bye-laws, provided that no such classification will change the classification of any other director then 

serving. Currently, Mr. Jabsheh’s appointed directors — Wasef Jabsheh and Walid Jabsheh — are serving as Class III 

Directors with their terms expiring at our 2026 annual general meeting.

Appointment and Election of Directors

Our directors are, subject to Wasef Jabsheh’s rights to appoint directors, elected by the shareholders at an annual 

general meeting or at any special general meeting called for that purpose, subject to the following:

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify two directors (such Wasef Jabsheh-appointed directors, 

“Jabsheh Directors”) for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at 

least 10% of our issued and outstanding common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the 

Company; and

•  Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint and classify one Jabsheh Director for so long as (1) Wasef Jabsheh, 

the Jabsheh Family and/or their affiliates own at least 5% (but less than 10%) of our issued and outstanding 

common shares and (2) Wasef Jabsheh is a shareholder of the Company.

An eligible shareholder wishing to propose for election as a director someone who is not an existing director or 

is not proposed by our board of directors must give notice of the intention to propose the person for election. Where 

a director is to be elected at an annual general meeting, that notice must be given not less than 90 days nor more than 

120 days before the anniversary of the last annual general meeting prior to the giving of the notice or, in the event 
the annual general meeting is called for a date that is not 30 days before or after such anniversary the notice must be 
given not later than 10 days following the earlier of the date on which notice of the annual general meeting was posted 
to shareholders or the date on which public disclosure of the date of the annual general meeting was made. Where 
a director is to be elected at a special general meeting, that notice must be given not later than 10 days following 
the  earlier  of  the  date  on  which  notice  of  the  special  general  meeting  was  posted  to  shareholders  or  the  date  on 
which public disclosure of the date of the special general meeting was made. An eligible shareholder is a shareholder 
holding at least 5% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the Company who has held such amount for at least 
three years following the date of adoption of the Amended and Restated Bye-laws.

Removal of Directors

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that shareholders entitled to vote for the election of directors 
may, at any special general meeting convened and held in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, 
remove a director only with cause, by the affirmative vote of shareholders holding at least a majority of the total 
voting rights of all shareholders having the right to vote at such meeting, provided that the notice of any such meeting 
convened for the purpose of removing a director must contain a statement of the intention so to do and be served on 
such director not less than 14 days before the meeting and at such meeting the director will be entitled to be heard 
on the motion for such director’s removal; provided further that a Jabsheh Director may only be removed by Wasef 
Jabsheh by notice in writing to the Jabsheh Director and the secretary, so long as Wasef Jabsheh is entitled to appoint 
such director in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws. For purposes of this provision, “cause” means 
a conviction for a criminal offence involving fraud or dishonesty or civil liability in respect of any action involving 
fraud or dishonesty.

Proceedings of Board of Directors

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our business is to be managed and conducted by our board 
of directors. Bermuda law permits individual and corporate directors and there is no requirement in the Amended and 
Restated Bye-laws or Bermuda law that directors hold any of our shares. There is also no requirement in the Amended 
and Restated Bye-laws or Bermuda law that our directors must retire at a certain age.

The remuneration of our directors is determined by the board of directors from time to time at a duly authorized 
meeting. Our directors may also be paid all travel, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection 
with our business or their duties as directors.

Provided a director discloses a direct or indirect interest in any contract or arrangement or proposed contract or 
arrangement with us as required by Bermuda law, such director is entitled to vote in respect of any such contract or 
arrangement in which he or she is interested and/or be counted in the quorum for the meeting at which such contract 
or arrangement is to be voted on.

A  director  (including  the  spouse  or  children  of  the  director  or  any  company  of  which  such  director,  spouse 
or children own or control more than 20% of the capital or loan debt) cannot borrow from us (except loans made 
to  directors  who  are  bona  fide  employees  or  former  employees,  pursuant  to  an  employee  share  scheme)  unless 
shareholders holding 90% of the total voting rights have consented to the loan.

Approval of Certain Transactions

Our board of directors may approve the following transactions only if each Jabsheh Director then in office votes 

in favor of such transactions:

• 

• 

• 

sell or dispose of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries on a consolidated 
basis;

enter  into  any  transaction  in  which  one  or  more  third  parties  acquire  or  acquires  25%  or  more  of  the 
Company’s common shares;

enter into any merger, consolidation, or amalgamation with an aggregate value equal to or greater than 
$75 million (exclusive of inter-company transactions);

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• 

• 

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 
10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

Amalgamations, Mergers and Business Combinations

The amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation (other than certain 
affiliated  companies)  requires  the  amalgamation  or  merger  agreement  to  be  approved  by  the  company’s  board  of 
directors  and  by  its  shareholders.  Unless  the  company’s  bye-laws  provide  otherwise,  the  approval  of  75%  of  the 
shareholders voting at such meeting is required to approve the amalgamation or merger agreement, and the quorum for 
such meeting must be two persons holding or representing more than one-third of the issued shares of the company. The 
Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that an amalgamation, consolidation or a merger (other than with a wholly 
owned subsidiary or as described below) that has been approved by the board of directors must only be approved by a 
majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of the shareholders at which the quorum shall be two or more persons 
present in person and representing in person or by proxy in excess of 50% of all issued and outstanding common 
voting  shares. Any  other  amalgamation  or  merger  or  other  business  combination  (as  defined  in  the Amended  and 
Restated Bye-laws) not approved by our board of directors must be approved by the holders of not less than 66 2/3% 
of all votes attaching to all shares then in issue entitling the holder to attend and vote on the resolution.

Dissenter’s Rights

Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company 
or corporation, including a public Bermuda company, a shareholder of the Bermuda company who did not vote in 
favor of the amalgamation or merger and is not satisfied that fair value has been offered for such shareholder’s shares 
may, within one month of notice of the shareholders meeting, apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda to appraise the 
fair value of those shares. These approval rights did not apply to the Business Combination because the Company was 
not a party to any amalgamation or merger contemplated by the Business Combination.

Approval of Business Combinations with Interested Shareholders

Bermuda law does not prohibit companies from engaging in certain business combinations with an interested 
shareholder.  However,  the  Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws  contain  provisions  regarding  business  combinations 
(including mergers, amalgamations or consolidations) with interested shareholders. These provide that, in addition 
to  any  other  approval  that  may  be  required  by  applicable  law,  if  the  business  combination  is  with  an  interested 
shareholder, approval is required from (1) a majority of the board of directors, including each Jabsheh Director in 
the event such amalgamation, consolidation or merger has an aggregate value equal to or greater than $75 million 
(exclusive of inter-company transactions), and (2) an affirmative vote of at least 66.7% of all the issued and outstanding 
voting shares of the Company that are not owned by the interested shareholder (subject to certain exceptions). An 
interested shareholder means any person (other than Wasef Jabsheh, the Company and any entity directly or indirectly 
wholly-owned or majority-owned by the Company) that (i) is the owner of 15% or more of the issued and outstanding 
voting shares of the Company, (ii) is an affiliate or associate of the Company and was the owner of 15% or more of 
the issued and outstanding voting shares of the Company at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to 
the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person is an interested shareholder or (iii) is an affiliate 
or associate of any person listed in (i) or (ii) above.

Limitations on Director Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Section  98  of  the  Companies Act  provides  generally  that  a  Bermuda  company  may  indemnify  its  directors, 
officers and auditors against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise be imposed on them in 
respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, except in cases where such liability arises from 
fraud or dishonesty of which such director, officer or auditor may be guilty in relation to the company. Section 98 
further  provides  that  a  Bermuda  company  may  indemnify  its  directors,  officers  and  auditors  against  any  liability 
incurred  by  them  in  defending  any  proceedings,  whether  civil  or  criminal,  in  which  judgment  is  awarded  in  their 
favor or in which they are acquitted or granted relief by the Supreme Court of Bermuda pursuant to section 281 of the 
Companies Act.

The Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the directors, resident representative, secretary and other 

officers  acting  in  relation  to  any  of  the  affairs  of  the  Company  or  any  subsidiary  thereof  and  the  liquidator  or 

trustees (if any) acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company or any subsidiary thereof and every one of 

them shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets of the Company from and against all actions, 

costs,  charges,  losses,  damages  and  expenses  which  they  or  any  of  them  shall  or  may  incur  or  sustain  by  or  by 

reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, or in their 

respective offices or trusts, and no indemnified party shall be answerable to the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of 

the others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with 

whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for 

insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be placed 

out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective 

offices or trusts, or in relation thereto, provided that this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any 

fraud or dishonesty in relation to the Company which may attach to any of the indemnified parties. We may also 

enter into an indemnification agreement with any director or officer of the Company.

In addition, the Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Company may (i) purchase and maintain 

insurance for the benefit of any director or officer against any liability incurred by such person under the Companies 

Act in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Company or indemnifying such director or officer in respect 

of any loss arising or liability attaching to him or her by virtue of any rule of law in respect of any negligence, default, 

breach of duty or breach of trust of which the director or officer may be guilty in relation to the Company or any of 

its subsidiaries and (ii) advance moneys to a director or officer for the costs, charges and expenses incurred by the 

director or officer in defending any civil or criminal proceedings against him or her, on condition that the director or 

officer shall repay the advance if any allegation of fraud or dishonesty in relation to the Company is proved against 

him or her.

Class Actions and Derivative Suits

Class  actions  and  derivative  actions  are  generally  not  available  to  shareholders  under  Bermuda  law.  The 

Bermuda courts, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of 

a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power 

of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company’s memorandum of association or bye-laws. 

Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Bermuda court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against 

the minority shareholders or, for instance, where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company’s 

shareholders than that which actually approved it.

When  the  affairs  of  a  company  are  being  conducted  in  a  manner  which  is  oppressive  or  prejudicial  to  the 

interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda, 

which may make such order as it sees fit, including an order regulating the conduct of the company’s affairs in the 

future or ordering the purchase of the shares of any shareholders by other shareholders or by the company.

The Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that each of our shareholders waives any claim or right of action 

such shareholder might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Company, against any director or officer 

of the Company on account of any action taken by such director or officer, or the failure of such director or officer to 

take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Company or any subsidiary thereof, except in respect 

of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer.

Exclusive Forum

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Supreme Court of Bermuda will be, to the fullest extent 

permitted  by  law,  the  exclusive  forum  for  any  dispute  that  arises  concerning  the  Companies Act  or  out  of  or  in 

connection with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, including any question regarding the existence and scope of 

any bye-law and/or whether there has been any breach of the Companies Act or the bye-laws by an officer or director 

(whether or not such a claim is brought in the name of a shareholder or in the name of the Company).

To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  the  forum  selection  bye-law  discussed  above  will  apply  to  derivative 

actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company and arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, 

although  our  shareholders  cannot  waive  compliance  with  the  federal  securities  laws  and  the  rules  and  regulations 

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• 

• 

alter the size of the board of directors;

incur debt in an amount of $50 million (or other equivalent currency) or more; and

issue common shares (or securities convertible into common shares) in an amount equal to or greater than 

10% of the then issued and outstanding common shares of the Company.

Amalgamations, Mergers and Business Combinations

The amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company or corporation (other than certain 

affiliated  companies)  requires  the  amalgamation  or  merger  agreement  to  be  approved  by  the  company’s  board  of 

directors  and  by  its  shareholders.  Unless  the  company’s  bye-laws  provide  otherwise,  the  approval  of  75%  of  the 

shareholders voting at such meeting is required to approve the amalgamation or merger agreement, and the quorum for 

such meeting must be two persons holding or representing more than one-third of the issued shares of the company. The 

Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that an amalgamation, consolidation or a merger (other than with a wholly 

owned subsidiary or as described below) that has been approved by the board of directors must only be approved by a 

majority of the votes cast at a general meeting of the shareholders at which the quorum shall be two or more persons 

present in person and representing in person or by proxy in excess of 50% of all issued and outstanding common 

voting  shares. Any  other  amalgamation  or  merger  or  other  business  combination  (as  defined  in  the Amended  and 

Restated Bye-laws) not approved by our board of directors must be approved by the holders of not less than 66 2/3% 

of all votes attaching to all shares then in issue entitling the holder to attend and vote on the resolution.

Dissenter’s Rights

Under Bermuda law, in the event of an amalgamation or merger of a Bermuda company with another company 

or corporation, including a public Bermuda company, a shareholder of the Bermuda company who did not vote in 

favor of the amalgamation or merger and is not satisfied that fair value has been offered for such shareholder’s shares 

may, within one month of notice of the shareholders meeting, apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda to appraise the 

fair value of those shares. These approval rights did not apply to the Business Combination because the Company was 

not a party to any amalgamation or merger contemplated by the Business Combination.

Approval of Business Combinations with Interested Shareholders

Bermuda law does not prohibit companies from engaging in certain business combinations with an interested 

shareholder.  However,  the  Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws  contain  provisions  regarding  business  combinations 

(including mergers, amalgamations or consolidations) with interested shareholders. These provide that, in addition 

to  any  other  approval  that  may  be  required  by  applicable  law,  if  the  business  combination  is  with  an  interested 

shareholder, approval is required from (1) a majority of the board of directors, including each Jabsheh Director in 

the event such amalgamation, consolidation or merger has an aggregate value equal to or greater than $75 million 

(exclusive of inter-company transactions), and (2) an affirmative vote of at least 66.7% of all the issued and outstanding 

voting shares of the Company that are not owned by the interested shareholder (subject to certain exceptions). An 

interested shareholder means any person (other than Wasef Jabsheh, the Company and any entity directly or indirectly 

wholly-owned or majority-owned by the Company) that (i) is the owner of 15% or more of the issued and outstanding 

voting shares of the Company, (ii) is an affiliate or associate of the Company and was the owner of 15% or more of 

the issued and outstanding voting shares of the Company at any time within the three-year period immediately prior to 

the date on which it is sought to be determined whether such person is an interested shareholder or (iii) is an affiliate 

or associate of any person listed in (i) or (ii) above.

Limitations on Director Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Section  98  of  the  Companies Act  provides  generally  that  a  Bermuda  company  may  indemnify  its  directors, 

officers and auditors against any liability which by virtue of any rule of law would otherwise be imposed on them in 

respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust, except in cases where such liability arises from 

fraud or dishonesty of which such director, officer or auditor may be guilty in relation to the company. Section 98 

further  provides  that  a  Bermuda  company  may  indemnify  its  directors,  officers  and  auditors  against  any  liability 

incurred  by  them  in  defending  any  proceedings,  whether  civil  or  criminal,  in  which  judgment  is  awarded  in  their 

favor or in which they are acquitted or granted relief by the Supreme Court of Bermuda pursuant to section 281 of the 

Companies Act.

The Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the directors, resident representative, secretary and other 
officers  acting  in  relation  to  any  of  the  affairs  of  the  Company  or  any  subsidiary  thereof  and  the  liquidator  or 
trustees (if any) acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company or any subsidiary thereof and every one of 
them shall be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets of the Company from and against all actions, 
costs,  charges,  losses,  damages  and  expenses  which  they  or  any  of  them  shall  or  may  incur  or  sustain  by  or  by 
reason of any act done, concurred in or omitted in or about the execution of their duty, or supposed duty, or in their 
respective offices or trusts, and no indemnified party shall be answerable to the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of 
the others of them or for joining in any receipts for the sake of conformity, or for any bankers or other persons with 
whom any moneys or effects belonging to the Company shall or may be lodged or deposited for safe custody, or for 
insufficiency or deficiency of any security upon which any moneys of or belonging to the Company shall be placed 
out on or invested, or for any other loss, misfortune or damage which may happen in the execution of their respective 
offices or trusts, or in relation thereto, provided that this indemnity shall not extend to any matter in respect of any 
fraud or dishonesty in relation to the Company which may attach to any of the indemnified parties. We may also 
enter into an indemnification agreement with any director or officer of the Company.

In addition, the Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Company may (i) purchase and maintain 
insurance for the benefit of any director or officer against any liability incurred by such person under the Companies 
Act in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Company or indemnifying such director or officer in respect 
of any loss arising or liability attaching to him or her by virtue of any rule of law in respect of any negligence, default, 
breach of duty or breach of trust of which the director or officer may be guilty in relation to the Company or any of 
its subsidiaries and (ii) advance moneys to a director or officer for the costs, charges and expenses incurred by the 
director or officer in defending any civil or criminal proceedings against him or her, on condition that the director or 
officer shall repay the advance if any allegation of fraud or dishonesty in relation to the Company is proved against 
him or her.

Class Actions and Derivative Suits

Class  actions  and  derivative  actions  are  generally  not  available  to  shareholders  under  Bermuda  law.  The 
Bermuda courts, however, would ordinarily be expected to permit a shareholder to commence an action in the name of 
a company to remedy a wrong to the company where the act complained of is alleged to be beyond the corporate power 
of the company or illegal, or would result in the violation of the company’s memorandum of association or bye-laws. 
Furthermore, consideration would be given by a Bermuda court to acts that are alleged to constitute a fraud against 
the minority shareholders or, for instance, where an act requires the approval of a greater percentage of the company’s 
shareholders than that which actually approved it.

When  the  affairs  of  a  company  are  being  conducted  in  a  manner  which  is  oppressive  or  prejudicial  to  the 
interests of some part of the shareholders, one or more shareholders may apply to the Supreme Court of Bermuda, 
which may make such order as it sees fit, including an order regulating the conduct of the company’s affairs in the 
future or ordering the purchase of the shares of any shareholders by other shareholders or by the company.

The Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that each of our shareholders waives any claim or right of action 
such shareholder might have, whether individually or by or in the right of the Company, against any director or officer 
of the Company on account of any action taken by such director or officer, or the failure of such director or officer to 
take any action in the performance of his duties with or for the Company or any subsidiary thereof, except in respect 
of any fraud or dishonesty of such director or officer.

Exclusive Forum

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that the Supreme Court of Bermuda will be, to the fullest extent 
permitted  by  law,  the  exclusive  forum  for  any  dispute  that  arises  concerning  the  Companies Act  or  out  of  or  in 
connection with the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, including any question regarding the existence and scope of 
any bye-law and/or whether there has been any breach of the Companies Act or the bye-laws by an officer or director 
(whether or not such a claim is brought in the name of a shareholder or in the name of the Company).

To  the  fullest  extent  permitted  by  law,  the  forum  selection  bye-law  discussed  above  will  apply  to  derivative 
actions or proceedings brought on behalf of the Company and arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, 
although  our  shareholders  cannot  waive  compliance  with  the  federal  securities  laws  and  the  rules  and  regulations 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          thereunder. There  is  uncertainty  as  to  whether  a  court  would  enforce  such  provision  in  connection  with  any  such 
derivative action or proceeding arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and it is possible that a court 
could find the forum selection bye-law to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such a case.

Amendment of Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws

Bermuda law provides that the memorandum of association of a company may be amended by a resolution 
passed at a general meeting of shareholders. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that no bye-law shall be 
rescinded, altered or amended, and no new bye-law shall be made, unless it shall have been approved by a resolution 
of  our  board  of  directors  and  by  a  resolution  of  our  shareholders.  In  the  case  of  certain  bye-laws,  such  as  the 
bye-laws relating to the term, election and removal of directors, classes and powers of directors, approval of business 
combinations and amendment of bye-law provisions, the required resolutions must include the affirmative vote of 
at least 66% of our directors then in office and of at least 66% percent of the votes attaching to all shares issued and 
outstanding.

Under  Bermuda  law,  the  holders  of  an  aggregate  of  not  less  than  20%  in  par  value  of  the  company’s  issued 
share  capital  or  any  class  thereof  have  the  right  to  apply  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Bermuda  for  an  annulment  of 
any amendment of the memorandum of association adopted by shareholders at any general meeting, other than an 
amendment  which  alters  or  reduces  a  company’s  share  capital  as  provided  in  the  Companies Act. Where  such  an 
application is made, the amendment becomes effective only to the extent that it is confirmed by the Bermuda court. 
An application for an annulment of an amendment of the memorandum of association must be made within 21 days 
after the date on which the resolution altering the company’s memorandum of association is passed and may be made 
on behalf of persons entitled to make the application by one or more of their number as they may appoint in writing 
for the purpose. No application may be made by shareholders voting in favor of the amendment.

Capitalization of Profits and Reserves

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, our board of directors may (i) capitalize any part of the amount 
of our share premium or other reserve accounts or any amount credited to our profit and loss account or otherwise 
available for distribution by applying such sum in paying up unissued shares to be allotted as fully paid bonus shares 
pro-rata (except in connection with the conversion of shares) to the shareholders; or (ii) capitalize any sum standing 
to the credit of a reserve account or sums otherwise available for dividend or distribution by paying up in full, partly 
paid or nil paid shares of those shareholders who would have been entitled to such sums if they were distributed by 
way of dividend or distribution.

Untraced Shareholders

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our board of directors may forfeit any dividend or other 
monies  payable  in  respect  of  any  shares  which  remain  unclaimed  for  six  years  from  the  date  when  such  monies 
became due for payment (or such other period of time as may be required pursuant to the listing requirements of 
Nasdaq or such other stock exchange or quotation system applicable to our shares, provided that such other period 
of time is not less than six years). In addition, we are entitled to cease sending dividend warrants and checks by 
post or otherwise to a shareholder if such instruments have been returned undelivered to, or left uncashed by, such 
shareholder on at least two consecutive occasions or, following one such occasion, reasonable enquires have failed 
to establish the shareholder’s new address. This entitlement ceases if the shareholder claims a dividend or cashes a 
dividend check or a warrant.

Certain Provisions of Bermuda Law

Exchange Control

We have been designated by the BMA as a non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes. This designation 
allows us to engage in transactions in currencies other than the Bermuda dollar, and there are no restrictions on our 
ability to transfer funds (other than funds denominated in Bermuda dollars) in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends 
to United States residents who are holders of our common shares. The BMA has given its consent for the issue and free 
transferability of all of our common shares to and between non-residents of Bermuda for exchange control purposes, 
provided our shares remain listed on an appointed stock exchange, which includes Nasdaq. Approvals or permissions 

given by the BMA do not constitute a guarantee by the BMA as to our performance or our creditworthiness. Accordingly, 

in giving such consent or permissions, the BMA shall not be liable for the financial soundness, performance or default 

of our business or for the correctness of any opinions or statements expressed in this annual report. Certain issues and 

transfers of common shares involving persons deemed resident in Bermuda for exchange control purposes require the 

specific consent of the BMA.

Share Certificates

In accordance with Bermuda law, share certificates are only issued in the names of companies, partnerships or 

individuals. In the case of a shareholder acting in a special capacity (for example as a trustee), certificates may, at the 

request of the shareholder, record the capacity in which the shareholder is acting. Notwithstanding such recording of 

any special capacity, we are not bound to investigate or see to the execution of any such trust.

Membership

Under  the  Companies Act,  only  those  persons  who  agree  to  become  members  of  a  Bermuda  company  and 

whose names are entered on the register of members of such company are deemed members. A Bermuda company 

is not bound to see to the execution of any trust, whether express, implied or constructive, to which any of its shares 

are subject and whether or not the company had notice of such trust. Accordingly, persons holding shares through a 

trustee, nominee or depository will not be recognized as members of a Bermuda company under Bermuda law and 

may only have the benefit of rights attaching to the shares or remedies conferred by law on members through or with 

the assistance of the trustee, nominee or depository.

C. Material Contracts

Business Combination Agreement

On October 10, 2019, IGI Dubai entered into the Business Combination Agreement with Tiberius, the Sponsor 

(solely in its capacity as the Purchaser Representative), Wasef Jabsheh (solely in his capacity as the representative of 

the Sellers) and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company and Merger Sub.

In  connection  with  the  Business  Combination Agreement,  all  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai  entered  into  Share 

Exchange Agreements with IGI Dubai, Tiberius and the Seller Representative, pursuant to which the Company became 

a party thereafter upon execution of a joinder thereto.

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other matters, on March 17, 2020 (the “Closing”) 

(1) Merger Sub merged with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving the merger and each of the former security 

holders of Tiberius receiving securities of the Company (the “Merger”) and (2) all of the outstanding share capital 

of  IGI  Dubai  (the  “Purchased  Shares”)  was  exchanged  by  the  Sellers  for  a  combination  of  common  shares  of  the 

Company and aggregate cash consideration of $80.0 million (the “Share Exchange” and, together with the Merger and 

the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

As a result of and upon consummation of the Business Combination, each of Tiberius and IGI Dubai became 

a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned by the prior stockholders of 

Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business Combination pursuant to the 

terms of the Business Combination Agreement, our common shares and warrants to purchase common shares became 

listed on Nasdaq under the symbols IGIC and IGICW, respectively.

The total consideration paid by the Company to the Sellers (the “Transaction Consideration”) was equal to (i) the 

sum of (the “Adjusted Book Value”) (A) the total consolidated book equity value of IGI Dubai and its subsidiaries as 

of the most recent month end of IGI Dubai prior to the Closing (the “Book Value”), plus (B) the amount of IGI Dubai’s 

out-of-pocket transaction expenses which reduced the Book Value from what it would have been if such expenses had 

not been incurred, multiplied by (ii) 1.22, and multiplied by (iii) a fraction equal to (A) the total number of Purchased 

Shares divided by (B) the total number of issued and outstanding IGI Dubai shares as of the Closing.

$80,000,000 of the Transaction Consideration was paid in cash (the “Cash Consideration”), with each Purchased 

Share  acquired  for  cash  paid  based  on  a  value  equal  to  two  times Adjusted  Book Value  per  share. The  Purchased 

Shares paid with the Cash Consideration were allocated among the Sellers based on an agreed upon formula, with 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023thereunder. There  is  uncertainty  as  to  whether  a  court  would  enforce  such  provision  in  connection  with  any  such 

derivative action or proceeding arising under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, and it is possible that a court 

could find the forum selection bye-law to be inapplicable or unenforceable in such a case.

Amendment of Memorandum of Association and Bye-laws

Bermuda law provides that the memorandum of association of a company may be amended by a resolution 

passed at a general meeting of shareholders. Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that no bye-law shall be 

rescinded, altered or amended, and no new bye-law shall be made, unless it shall have been approved by a resolution 

of  our  board  of  directors  and  by  a  resolution  of  our  shareholders.  In  the  case  of  certain  bye-laws,  such  as  the 

bye-laws relating to the term, election and removal of directors, classes and powers of directors, approval of business 

combinations and amendment of bye-law provisions, the required resolutions must include the affirmative vote of 

at least 66% of our directors then in office and of at least 66% percent of the votes attaching to all shares issued and 

outstanding.

Under  Bermuda  law,  the  holders  of  an  aggregate  of  not  less  than  20%  in  par  value  of  the  company’s  issued 

share  capital  or  any  class  thereof  have  the  right  to  apply  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Bermuda  for  an  annulment  of 

any amendment of the memorandum of association adopted by shareholders at any general meeting, other than an 

amendment  which  alters  or  reduces  a  company’s  share  capital  as  provided  in  the  Companies Act. Where  such  an 

application is made, the amendment becomes effective only to the extent that it is confirmed by the Bermuda court. 

An application for an annulment of an amendment of the memorandum of association must be made within 21 days 

after the date on which the resolution altering the company’s memorandum of association is passed and may be made 

on behalf of persons entitled to make the application by one or more of their number as they may appoint in writing 

for the purpose. No application may be made by shareholders voting in favor of the amendment.

Capitalization of Profits and Reserves

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Bye-laws, our board of directors may (i) capitalize any part of the amount 

of our share premium or other reserve accounts or any amount credited to our profit and loss account or otherwise 

available for distribution by applying such sum in paying up unissued shares to be allotted as fully paid bonus shares 

pro-rata (except in connection with the conversion of shares) to the shareholders; or (ii) capitalize any sum standing 

to the credit of a reserve account or sums otherwise available for dividend or distribution by paying up in full, partly 

paid or nil paid shares of those shareholders who would have been entitled to such sums if they were distributed by 

way of dividend or distribution.

Untraced Shareholders

Our Amended and Restated Bye-laws provide that our board of directors may forfeit any dividend or other 

monies  payable  in  respect  of  any  shares  which  remain  unclaimed  for  six  years  from  the  date  when  such  monies 

became due for payment (or such other period of time as may be required pursuant to the listing requirements of 

Nasdaq or such other stock exchange or quotation system applicable to our shares, provided that such other period 

of time is not less than six years). In addition, we are entitled to cease sending dividend warrants and checks by 

post or otherwise to a shareholder if such instruments have been returned undelivered to, or left uncashed by, such 

shareholder on at least two consecutive occasions or, following one such occasion, reasonable enquires have failed 

to establish the shareholder’s new address. This entitlement ceases if the shareholder claims a dividend or cashes a 

dividend check or a warrant.

Certain Provisions of Bermuda Law

Exchange Control

We have been designated by the BMA as a non-resident for Bermuda exchange control purposes. This designation 

allows us to engage in transactions in currencies other than the Bermuda dollar, and there are no restrictions on our 

ability to transfer funds (other than funds denominated in Bermuda dollars) in and out of Bermuda or to pay dividends 

to United States residents who are holders of our common shares. The BMA has given its consent for the issue and free 

transferability of all of our common shares to and between non-residents of Bermuda for exchange control purposes, 

provided our shares remain listed on an appointed stock exchange, which includes Nasdaq. Approvals or permissions 

given by the BMA do not constitute a guarantee by the BMA as to our performance or our creditworthiness. Accordingly, 
in giving such consent or permissions, the BMA shall not be liable for the financial soundness, performance or default 
of our business or for the correctness of any opinions or statements expressed in this annual report. Certain issues and 
transfers of common shares involving persons deemed resident in Bermuda for exchange control purposes require the 
specific consent of the BMA.

Share Certificates

In accordance with Bermuda law, share certificates are only issued in the names of companies, partnerships or 
individuals. In the case of a shareholder acting in a special capacity (for example as a trustee), certificates may, at the 
request of the shareholder, record the capacity in which the shareholder is acting. Notwithstanding such recording of 
any special capacity, we are not bound to investigate or see to the execution of any such trust.

Membership

Under  the  Companies Act,  only  those  persons  who  agree  to  become  members  of  a  Bermuda  company  and 
whose names are entered on the register of members of such company are deemed members. A Bermuda company 
is not bound to see to the execution of any trust, whether express, implied or constructive, to which any of its shares 
are subject and whether or not the company had notice of such trust. Accordingly, persons holding shares through a 
trustee, nominee or depository will not be recognized as members of a Bermuda company under Bermuda law and 
may only have the benefit of rights attaching to the shares or remedies conferred by law on members through or with 
the assistance of the trustee, nominee or depository.

C. Material Contracts

Business Combination Agreement

On October 10, 2019, IGI Dubai entered into the Business Combination Agreement with Tiberius, the Sponsor 
(solely in its capacity as the Purchaser Representative), Wasef Jabsheh (solely in his capacity as the representative of 
the Sellers) and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company and Merger Sub.

In  connection  with  the  Business  Combination Agreement,  all  shareholders  of  IGI  Dubai  entered  into  Share 
Exchange Agreements with IGI Dubai, Tiberius and the Seller Representative, pursuant to which the Company became 
a party thereafter upon execution of a joinder thereto.

Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, among other matters, on March 17, 2020 (the “Closing”) 
(1) Merger Sub merged with and into Tiberius, with Tiberius surviving the merger and each of the former security 
holders of Tiberius receiving securities of the Company (the “Merger”) and (2) all of the outstanding share capital 
of  IGI  Dubai  (the  “Purchased  Shares”)  was  exchanged  by  the  Sellers  for  a  combination  of  common  shares  of  the 
Company and aggregate cash consideration of $80.0 million (the “Share Exchange” and, together with the Merger and 
the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, the “Business Combination”).

As a result of and upon consummation of the Business Combination, each of Tiberius and IGI Dubai became 
a subsidiary of the Company and the Company became a new public company owned by the prior stockholders of 
Tiberius and the prior shareholders of IGI Dubai. Upon consummation of the Business Combination pursuant to the 
terms of the Business Combination Agreement, our common shares and warrants to purchase common shares became 
listed on Nasdaq under the symbols IGIC and IGICW, respectively.

The total consideration paid by the Company to the Sellers (the “Transaction Consideration”) was equal to (i) the 
sum of (the “Adjusted Book Value”) (A) the total consolidated book equity value of IGI Dubai and its subsidiaries as 
of the most recent month end of IGI Dubai prior to the Closing (the “Book Value”), plus (B) the amount of IGI Dubai’s 
out-of-pocket transaction expenses which reduced the Book Value from what it would have been if such expenses had 
not been incurred, multiplied by (ii) 1.22, and multiplied by (iii) a fraction equal to (A) the total number of Purchased 
Shares divided by (B) the total number of issued and outstanding IGI Dubai shares as of the Closing.

$80,000,000 of the Transaction Consideration was paid in cash (the “Cash Consideration”), with each Purchased 
Share  acquired  for  cash  paid  based  on  a  value  equal  to  two  times Adjusted  Book Value  per  share. The  Purchased 
Shares paid with the Cash Consideration were allocated among the Sellers based on an agreed upon formula, with 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Wasef Jabsheh receiving $65,000,000 of the Cash Consideration, Wasef Jabsheh’s family members receiving no Cash 
Consideration and the remaining Sellers receiving the remaining $15,000,000 pro rata based on the Purchased Shares 
owned by each such remaining Seller.

such registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. This 

registration statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the 

SEC in November 2021.

The remaining Transaction Consideration was paid by the Company to the Sellers by delivery of the Exchange 
Shares equal in value to the Transaction Consideration less the Cash Consideration (the “Equity Consideration”), 
with each Exchange Share valued at the price per share at which each Tiberius share of common stock was redeemed 
or converted pursuant to the redemption by Tiberius of its public stockholders in connection with Tiberius’ initial 
business  combination,  as  required  by  its  amended  and  restated  certificate  of  incorporation  and Tiberius’  initial 
public  offering  prospectus. The  Exchange  Shares  were  allocated  among  the  Sellers  pro  rata  based  on  the  total 
number of Purchased Shares held by them after deducting the number of Purchased Shares paid for with the Cash 
Consideration.

Registration Rights Agreement with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders

At the Closing, the Company, the Purchaser Representative and the Sellers entered into a Registration Rights 
Agreement that became effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination. See “Major Shareholders and 
Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions.”

Founders Registration Rights Agreement

Tiberius, the Sponsor and the other Holders named therein are party to a registration rights agreement, dated as 
of March 15, 2018. At the closing of the Business Combination, the Company, Tiberius and the holders of a majority of 
the “Registrable Securities” thereunder entered into an amendment to such agreement whereby the Company assumed 
Tiberius’s obligations under the agreement (collectively, the “Founders Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to 
the Founders Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file within 30 days after the Closing a resale 
registration statement on Form F-1, F-3, S-1 or S-3 covering all “Registrable Securities” thereunder and to use its 
commercially  reasonable  efforts  to  cause  such  registration  statement  to  be  declared  effective  as  soon  as  possible 
thereafter. The Company initially filed such registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared 
effective on April 27, 2020. This registration statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, 
which was declared effective by the SEC in November 2021.

We  may  delay  the  filing  or  the  effectiveness  of,  or  suspend  the  use  of  such  registration  statement  for  not 
more than 30 days if such filing, the effectiveness or continued use of the registration statement, as the case may be 
(i) would, in the good faith judgment of the Chief Executive Officer or principal financial officer of the Company, 
after consultation with counsel to the Company, require the Company to disclose material non-public information that 
has not been, and is otherwise not required to be, disclosed to the public, and the Company has a bona fide business 
purpose for not making such information public, or (ii) would require the inclusion in such registration statement of 
financial statements that are unavailable to the Company for reasons beyond the Company’s control. If the Company 
exercises these rights, the holders of Registrable Securities agreed to, immediately upon their receipt of a notice from 
us, to suspend the use of the prospectus relating any sale of their Registrable Securities. The holders of Registrable 
Securities are also required to discontinue any sale of their Registrable Securities upon receipt of written notice from 
the Company that our resale registration  statement or prospectus relating to such registration statement  contains a 
material misstatement or omission.

Subscription Agreements with PIPE Investors

Simultaneously  with  the  execution  of  the  Business  Combination Agreement  on  October  10,  2019, Tiberius 
entered  into  subscription  agreements  (each,  a  “PIPE  Subscription Agreement”)  with  certain  investors  (the  “PIPE 
Investors”), pursuant to which Tiberius agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investors an aggregate of $23,611,809 of 
Tiberius common stock at a price of $10.20 per share immediately prior to, and subject to, the Closing, which became 
the  Company’s  common  shares  in  the  Business  Combination. At  the  Closing, Tiberius  issued  2,314,883  shares  of 
Tiberius common stock to the PIPE Investors, which were exchanged for 2,314,883 common shares of the Company 
in the Merger. The PIPE Investors were given registration rights in the PIPE Subscription Agreements pursuant to 
which  the  Company,  as  the  successor  to Tiberius,  is  required  to  file  a  resale  registration  statement  for  the  shares 
issued to the PIPE Investors within 30 days after the Closing and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the 
registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof. The Company initially filed 

Under  the  PIPE  Subscription Agreements,  the  Company  may  delay  filing  or  suspend  the  use  of  any  such 

registration statement if it determines that an amendment to the registration statement is required in order for the 

registration statement to not contain a material misstatement or omission, or if such filing or use could materially affect 

a bona fide business or financing transaction of the Company or would require premature disclosure of information 

that could materially adversely affect the Company (each such circumstance, a “Suspension Event”). Upon receipt 

of any written notice from the Company of any Suspension Event, the PIPE Investors are required to immediately 

discontinue offers and sales of our securities under the registration statement and to maintain the confidentiality of 

any information included in such written notice delivered by the Company unless otherwise required by applicable 

law.

Forward Purchase Commitments

In connection with its initial public offering in 2018, Tiberius obtained forward purchase commitments from 

four  investors  who  committed  to  purchase Tiberius  securities  for  $25  million  in  connection  with Tiberius’s  initial 

business combination. Prior to the Closing, The Gray Insurance Company, an affiliate of the Sponsor, assumed the 

rights and obligations of one of these four investors under his forward purchase contract and his PIPE Subscription 

Agreement. At the Closing, Tiberius issued 2,900,000 share of Tiberius common stock to the four investors that were 

exchanged for 2,900,000 common shares of the Company in the Merger. Following the consummation of the Business 

Combination, pursuant to the Founders Registration Rights Agreement, as amended at the Closing, the Company is 

required to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the resale of the 

securities issued to the four investors pursuant to the forward purchase contracts. The Company initially filed such 

registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. This registration 

statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the SEC in 

November 2021.

Tiberius Insider Letter

Pursuant to the letter agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018 (the “Tiberius Insider Letter”), among Tiberius, 

the Sponsor and certain directors and officers of Tiberius (collectively, the “Insiders”), the Sponsor and each Insider 

agreed  that  they  will  not  transfer  any  founder  shares  (or  shares  issuable  upon  conversion  of  the  founder  shares) 

until  the  earlier  of  (A)  one  year  after  the  completion  of Tiberius’s  initial  business  combination  or  (B)  subsequent 

to Tiberius’s initial business combination, (x) if the last sale price of the Tiberius common Stock equals or exceeds 

$12.00  per  share  (as  adjusted  for  stock  splits,  stock  dividends,  reorganizations,  recapitalizations  and  the  like)  for 

any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after Tiberius’s initial business 

combination or (y) the date on which Tiberius completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization 

or other similar transaction that results in all of its stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Tiberius 

common stock for cash, securities or other property. Following the closing of the Business Combination, the lock-up 

restrictions set forth in the Tiberius Insider Letter applied with respect to our common shares issued to the Sponsor 

(Lagniappe) and subsequently distributed to the Sponsor’s members, and to Insiders (four former directors of Tiberius) 

and their permitted transferees (Wasef Jabsheh and Argo) in exchange for their founder shares. The lock-up period set 

forth in the Tiberius Insider Letter ended on March 17, 2021.

Other Material Contracts

Other material contracts of the Company, including agreements entered into prior to the Business Combination, 

the Sponsor Share Letter, Registration Rights Agreements with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders, the Non-Competition 

Agreement, and employment agreements with our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and 

Chief Operating Officer, are described elsewhere in this annual report or in the information incorporated by reference 

herein.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Wasef Jabsheh receiving $65,000,000 of the Cash Consideration, Wasef Jabsheh’s family members receiving no Cash 

Consideration and the remaining Sellers receiving the remaining $15,000,000 pro rata based on the Purchased Shares 

owned by each such remaining Seller.

such registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. This 
registration statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the 
SEC in November 2021.

The remaining Transaction Consideration was paid by the Company to the Sellers by delivery of the Exchange 

Shares equal in value to the Transaction Consideration less the Cash Consideration (the “Equity Consideration”), 

with each Exchange Share valued at the price per share at which each Tiberius share of common stock was redeemed 

or converted pursuant to the redemption by Tiberius of its public stockholders in connection with Tiberius’ initial 

business  combination,  as  required  by  its  amended  and  restated  certificate  of  incorporation  and Tiberius’  initial 

public  offering  prospectus. The  Exchange  Shares  were  allocated  among  the  Sellers  pro  rata  based  on  the  total 

number of Purchased Shares held by them after deducting the number of Purchased Shares paid for with the Cash 

Consideration.

Registration Rights Agreement with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders

At the Closing, the Company, the Purchaser Representative and the Sellers entered into a Registration Rights 

Agreement that became effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination. See “Major Shareholders and 

Related Party Transactions — Related Party Transactions.”

Founders Registration Rights Agreement

Tiberius, the Sponsor and the other Holders named therein are party to a registration rights agreement, dated as 

of March 15, 2018. At the closing of the Business Combination, the Company, Tiberius and the holders of a majority of 

the “Registrable Securities” thereunder entered into an amendment to such agreement whereby the Company assumed 

Tiberius’s obligations under the agreement (collectively, the “Founders Registration Rights Agreement”). Pursuant to 

the Founders Registration Rights Agreement, the Company agreed to file within 30 days after the Closing a resale 

registration statement on Form F-1, F-3, S-1 or S-3 covering all “Registrable Securities” thereunder and to use its 

commercially  reasonable  efforts  to  cause  such  registration  statement  to  be  declared  effective  as  soon  as  possible 

thereafter. The Company initially filed such registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared 

effective on April 27, 2020. This registration statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, 

which was declared effective by the SEC in November 2021.

We  may  delay  the  filing  or  the  effectiveness  of,  or  suspend  the  use  of  such  registration  statement  for  not 

more than 30 days if such filing, the effectiveness or continued use of the registration statement, as the case may be 

(i) would, in the good faith judgment of the Chief Executive Officer or principal financial officer of the Company, 

after consultation with counsel to the Company, require the Company to disclose material non-public information that 

has not been, and is otherwise not required to be, disclosed to the public, and the Company has a bona fide business 

purpose for not making such information public, or (ii) would require the inclusion in such registration statement of 

financial statements that are unavailable to the Company for reasons beyond the Company’s control. If the Company 

exercises these rights, the holders of Registrable Securities agreed to, immediately upon their receipt of a notice from 

us, to suspend the use of the prospectus relating any sale of their Registrable Securities. The holders of Registrable 

Securities are also required to discontinue any sale of their Registrable Securities upon receipt of written notice from 

the Company that our resale registration  statement  or  prospectus relating to such registration statement  contains a 

material misstatement or omission.

Subscription Agreements with PIPE Investors

Simultaneously  with  the  execution  of  the  Business  Combination Agreement  on  October  10,  2019, Tiberius 

entered  into  subscription  agreements  (each,  a  “PIPE  Subscription Agreement”)  with  certain  investors  (the  “PIPE 

Investors”), pursuant to which Tiberius agreed to issue and sell to the PIPE Investors an aggregate of $23,611,809 of 

Tiberius common stock at a price of $10.20 per share immediately prior to, and subject to, the Closing, which became 

the  Company’s  common  shares  in  the  Business  Combination. At  the  Closing, Tiberius  issued  2,314,883  shares  of 

Tiberius common stock to the PIPE Investors, which were exchanged for 2,314,883 common shares of the Company 

in the Merger. The PIPE Investors were given registration rights in the PIPE Subscription Agreements pursuant to 

which  the  Company,  as  the  successor  to Tiberius,  is  required  to  file  a  resale  registration  statement  for  the  shares 

issued to the PIPE Investors within 30 days after the Closing and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the 

registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof. The Company initially filed 

Under  the  PIPE  Subscription Agreements,  the  Company  may  delay  filing  or  suspend  the  use  of  any  such 
registration statement if it determines that an amendment to the registration statement is required in order for the 
registration statement to not contain a material misstatement or omission, or if such filing or use could materially affect 
a bona fide business or financing transaction of the Company or would require premature disclosure of information 
that could materially adversely affect the Company (each such circumstance, a “Suspension Event”). Upon receipt 
of any written notice from the Company of any Suspension Event, the PIPE Investors are required to immediately 
discontinue offers and sales of our securities under the registration statement and to maintain the confidentiality of 
any information included in such written notice delivered by the Company unless otherwise required by applicable 
law.

Forward Purchase Commitments

In connection with its initial public offering in 2018, Tiberius obtained forward purchase commitments from 
four  investors  who  committed  to  purchase Tiberius  securities  for  $25  million  in  connection  with Tiberius’s  initial 
business combination. Prior to the Closing, The Gray Insurance Company, an affiliate of the Sponsor, assumed the 
rights and obligations of one of these four investors under his forward purchase contract and his PIPE Subscription 
Agreement. At the Closing, Tiberius issued 2,900,000 share of Tiberius common stock to the four investors that were 
exchanged for 2,900,000 common shares of the Company in the Merger. Following the consummation of the Business 
Combination, pursuant to the Founders Registration Rights Agreement, as amended at the Closing, the Company is 
required to file and maintain an effective registration statement under the Securities Act covering the resale of the 
securities issued to the four investors pursuant to the forward purchase contracts. The Company initially filed such 
registration statement with the SEC on April 14, 2020, and it was declared effective on April 27, 2020. This registration 
statement was replaced by a new registration statement on Form F-3, which was declared effective by the SEC in 
November 2021.

Tiberius Insider Letter

Pursuant to the letter agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018 (the “Tiberius Insider Letter”), among Tiberius, 
the Sponsor and certain directors and officers of Tiberius (collectively, the “Insiders”), the Sponsor and each Insider 
agreed  that  they  will  not  transfer  any  founder  shares  (or  shares  issuable  upon  conversion  of  the  founder  shares) 
until  the  earlier  of  (A)  one  year  after  the  completion  of Tiberius’s  initial  business  combination  or  (B)  subsequent 
to Tiberius’s initial business combination, (x) if the last sale price of the Tiberius common Stock equals or exceeds 
$12.00  per  share  (as  adjusted  for  stock  splits,  stock  dividends,  reorganizations,  recapitalizations  and  the  like)  for 
any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after Tiberius’s initial business 
combination or (y) the date on which Tiberius completes a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization 
or other similar transaction that results in all of its stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Tiberius 
common stock for cash, securities or other property. Following the closing of the Business Combination, the lock-up 
restrictions set forth in the Tiberius Insider Letter applied with respect to our common shares issued to the Sponsor 
(Lagniappe) and subsequently distributed to the Sponsor’s members, and to Insiders (four former directors of Tiberius) 
and their permitted transferees (Wasef Jabsheh and Argo) in exchange for their founder shares. The lock-up period set 
forth in the Tiberius Insider Letter ended on March 17, 2021.

Other Material Contracts

Other material contracts of the Company, including agreements entered into prior to the Business Combination, 
the Sponsor Share Letter, Registration Rights Agreements with Former IGI Dubai Shareholders, the Non-Competition 
Agreement, and employment agreements with our Executive Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and 
Chief Operating Officer, are described elsewhere in this annual report or in the information incorporated by reference 
herein.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          D. Exchange Controls

See “Item 10. Additional Information — B. Memorandum and Articles of Association — Certain Provisions of 

Bermuda Law — Exchange Control”.

E. Taxation

Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

U.S. federal income tax purposes.

The following discussion is a summary under present law of certain material United States federal income tax 
considerations to U.S. holders (as defined below) of our common shares (which we refer to as our “securities”) that 
own or dispose of our common shares. This discussion addresses only those security holders that hold their securities 
as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), 
and does not address all the United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to particular holders in 
light of their individual circumstances (such as a shareholder owning directly, indirectly or constructively 5% or more 
of our common shares) or to holders that are subject to special rules, such as:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

insurance companies;

real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

persons who hold or receive our common shares as compensation;

individual retirement and other tax-deferred accounts;

persons whose functional currency (as defined in Section 985 of the Code) is not the U.S. Dollar;

financial institutions;

partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

tax-exempt organizations;

dealers in securities or currencies;

traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;

persons holding our common shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic 
security” or other integrated investment; and

Non-U.S. holders (as defined below).

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our securities that is:

• 

• 

• 

• 

a citizen or resident of the United States;

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or 
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof;

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and 
one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a 
valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

The term “Non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our securities other than a U.S. holder or an entity (or 

arrangement) treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If an entity (or arrangement) treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our securities 
the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership 
and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding our securities and the partners 
in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

This discussion is based upon the Code, applicable U.S. treasury regulations thereunder, published rulings and 

court decisions, all as currently in effect as of the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change or differing 

interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. Tax considerations under state, local and non-U.S. laws, or federal laws 

other than those pertaining to the income tax, are not addressed.

Except for the discussion under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules” this discussion assumes 

that  the  Company  is  not,  and  will  not,  in  the  foreseeable  future,  be  a  “passive  foreign  investment  company”  for 

THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF HOLDERS OF OUR SECURITIES DEPENDS IN 

SOME INSTANCES ON DETERMINATIONS OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS 

OF U.S.  FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR WHICH NO CLEAR PRECEDENT OR AUTHORITY MAY BE 

AVAILABLE. IN ADDITION, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF HOLDING OUR COMMON 

SHARES TO ANY PARTICULAR SHAREHOLDER WILL DEPEND ON THE SHAREHOLDER’S PARTICULAR 

TAX  CIRCUMSTANCES.  YOU  ARE  URGED  TO  CONSULT  YOUR  TAX  ADVISOR  REGARDING  THE 

U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU, IN 

LIGHT  OF YOUR  PARTICULAR  INVESTMENT  OR TAX  CIRCUMSTANCES,  OF ACQUIRING,  HOLDING, 

AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON SHARES.

Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules,” the gross amount 

of distributions made by the Company to you with respect to the common shares (including the amount of any taxes 

withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by 

you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and 

profits  (as  determined  under  U.S.  federal  income  tax  principles). To  the  extent  that  the  amount  of  the  distribution 

exceeds the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax 

principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your common shares, and to the extent the 

amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. The Company does not 

intend to calculate its earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that 

a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return 

of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

With respect to non-corporate U.S. holders, including individual U.S. holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower 

capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the common shares are readily tradable on 

an established securities market in the United States, (2) the Company is not a passive foreign investment company (as 

discussed below) for either the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain 

holding period requirements are met. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower 

rate for dividends paid with respect to our common shares. With respect to corporate U.S. holders, the dividends will 

generally not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received 

from other U.S. corporations.

Taxation of Dispositions of Common Shares

Subject  to  the  discussion  below  under  “Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company  (“PFIC”)  Rules,”  you  will 

recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common share equal to the 

difference between the amount realized (in U.S. Dollar) for the common share and your tax basis (in U.S. Dollar) in 

the common share. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. holder, including an 

individual U.S. holder, who has held the common shares for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced tax 

rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules

Although not free from doubt, the Company does not believe it is likely to be classified as a PFIC for the current 

taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:

• 

at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023See “Item 10. Additional Information — B. Memorandum and Articles of Association — Certain Provisions of 

D. Exchange Controls

Bermuda Law — Exchange Control”.

E. Taxation

Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following discussion is a summary under present law of certain material United States federal income tax 

considerations to U.S. holders (as defined below) of our common shares (which we refer to as our “securities”) that 

own or dispose of our common shares. This discussion addresses only those security holders that hold their securities 

as a capital asset within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), 

and does not address all the United States federal income tax consequences that may be relevant to particular holders in 

light of their individual circumstances (such as a shareholder owning directly, indirectly or constructively 5% or more 

of our common shares) or to holders that are subject to special rules, such as:

insurance companies;

real estate investment trusts or regulated investment companies;

persons who hold or receive our common shares as compensation;

individual retirement and other tax-deferred accounts;

persons whose functional currency (as defined in Section 985 of the Code) is not the U.S. Dollar;

partnerships or other entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

financial institutions;

tax-exempt organizations;

dealers in securities or currencies;

traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting;

persons holding our common shares as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic 

security” or other integrated investment; and

Non-U.S. holders (as defined below).

a citizen or resident of the United States;

For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our securities that is:

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or 

organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political subdivision thereof;

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and 

one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a 

valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

The term “Non-U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our securities other than a U.S. holder or an entity (or 

arrangement) treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If an entity (or arrangement) treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our securities 

the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership 

and certain determinations made at the partner level. Accordingly, partnerships holding our securities and the partners 

in such partnerships should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to them.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

This discussion is based upon the Code, applicable U.S. treasury regulations thereunder, published rulings and 
court decisions, all as currently in effect as of the date hereof, and all of which are subject to change or differing 
interpretation, possibly with retroactive effect. Tax considerations under state, local and non-U.S. laws, or federal laws 
other than those pertaining to the income tax, are not addressed.

Except for the discussion under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules” this discussion assumes 
that  the  Company  is  not,  and  will  not,  in  the  foreseeable  future,  be  a  “passive  foreign  investment  company”  for 
U.S. federal income tax purposes.

THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF HOLDERS OF OUR SECURITIES DEPENDS IN 
SOME INSTANCES ON DETERMINATIONS OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS 
OF U.S.  FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW  FOR WHICH NO  CLEAR  PRECEDENT  OR AUTHORITY MAY BE 
AVAILABLE. IN ADDITION, THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF HOLDING OUR COMMON 
SHARES TO ANY PARTICULAR SHAREHOLDER WILL DEPEND ON THE SHAREHOLDER’S PARTICULAR 
TAX  CIRCUMSTANCES.  YOU  ARE  URGED  TO  CONSULT  YOUR  TAX  ADVISOR  REGARDING  THE 
U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-U.S. INCOME AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU, IN 
LIGHT  OF YOUR  PARTICULAR  INVESTMENT  OR TAX  CIRCUMSTANCES,  OF ACQUIRING,  HOLDING, 
AND DISPOSING OF OUR COMMON SHARES.

Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules,” the gross amount 
of distributions made by the Company to you with respect to the common shares (including the amount of any taxes 
withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by 
you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of the Company’s current or accumulated earnings and 
profits  (as  determined  under  U.S.  federal  income  tax  principles). To  the  extent  that  the  amount  of  the  distribution 
exceeds the Company’s current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax 
principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your common shares, and to the extent the 
amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. The Company does not 
intend to calculate its earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that 
a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return 
of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

With respect to non-corporate U.S. holders, including individual U.S. holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower 
capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the common shares are readily tradable on 
an established securities market in the United States, (2) the Company is not a passive foreign investment company (as 
discussed below) for either the taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain 
holding period requirements are met. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower 
rate for dividends paid with respect to our common shares. With respect to corporate U.S. holders, the dividends will 
generally not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received 
from other U.S. corporations.

Taxation of Dispositions of Common Shares

Subject  to  the  discussion  below  under  “Passive  Foreign  Investment  Company  (“PFIC”)  Rules,”  you  will 
recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our common share equal to the 
difference between the amount realized (in U.S. Dollar) for the common share and your tax basis (in U.S. Dollar) in 
the common share. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. holder, including an 
individual U.S. holder, who has held the common shares for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced tax 
rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules

Although not free from doubt, the Company does not believe it is likely to be classified as a PFIC for the current 

taxable year. A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:

• 

at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          • 

at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a 
taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the 
“asset test”).

For  purposes  of  the  PFIC  rules,  a  corporation  is  treated  as  owning  its  proportionate  share  of  the  assets  and 
earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 
25% (by value) of the stock (the “Look-Through Rule”). Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents 
and  royalties  (other  than  rents  or  royalties  derived  from  the  active  conduct  of  a  trade  or  business),  passive  assets 
generally include assets held for the production of such income, and gains from the disposition of passive assets are 
generally all included in passive income.

Special rules apply, however, in determining whether the income of an insurance company is passive income for 
purposes of these rules. Specifically, income derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a “qualified 
insurance corporation” (a “QIC”) is excluded from the definition of passive income, even though that income would 
otherwise be considered passive (the “Insurance Company Exception”). Pursuant to the Insurance Company Exception, 
(a) passive income does not include income that a QIC derives in the active conduct of an insurance business or income 
of a look-through subsidiary, and (b) passive assets do not include assets of a QIC available to satisfy liabilities of the 
QIC related to its insurance business, if the QIC is engaged in the active conduct of an insurance business, or assets 
of a look-through subsidiary.

Under certain proposed regulations, a QIC is in the “active conduct” of an insurance business only if it satisfies 
either a “factual requirements” test or an “active conduct percentage” test. The factual requirements rest requires that 
the officers and employees of the QIC carry out substantial managerial and operational activities on a regular and 
continuous basis with respect to its core functions and that they perform virtually all of the active decision-making 
functions including those relevant to underwriting functions. The active conduct percentage test generally requires that 
(i) the total costs incurred by the QIC with respect to its officers and employees for services rendered with respect to 
its core functions (other than investment activities) equal or exceed 50 percent of total costs incurred by the QIC with 
respect to its officers and employees and any other person or entities for services rendered with respect to its core 
functions (other than investment activities) and (ii) to the extent the QIC outsources any part of its core functions to 
unrelated entities, officers and employees of the QIC with experience and relevant expertise must select and supervise 
the person that performs the outsourced functions, establish objectives for performance of the outsourced functions 
and  prescribe  rigorous  guidelines  relating  to  the  outsourced  functions  which  are  routinely  evaluated  and  updated. 
Under certain exceptions, however, a QIC (a) that has no or only a nominal number of employees, or (b) that is a 
vehicle  that  (x)  has  the  effect  of  securitizing  or  collateralizing  insurance  risks  underwritten  by  other  insurance  or 
reinsurance companies or (y) is an insurance linked securities fund that invests in securitization vehicles, is deemed 
not engaged in the active conduct of an insurance business. A QIC’s officers and employees include those of certain 
affiliates for these purposes. The 2021 Final Regulations contain guidance on the application of the Look-Through 
Rule which allows a portion of assets and income of certain look-through subsidiaries of a QIC to be treated as active.

Based on the gross assets, and claims and claim adjustment expenses, reserves of certain of its subsidiaries and 
local regulatory requirements relating to such reserves, and based on the manner in which its subsidiaries conducts 
and expects to continue to conduct its business, the Company expects a sufficient amount of its income and assets 
to be treated as active income or assets of a QIC or that will be treated as active income or assets of a QIC under the 
Look-Through Rule such that it will not be classified as a PFIC.

Thus, although not free from doubt, the Company does not believe it is likely to be treated as a PFIC for the 
current year and does not believe it is likely to be so treated in foreseeable future years. Whether the Company is a 
PFIC is a factual determination made annually, and the Company’s status could change depending upon, among other 
things, the manner in which the Company and its subsidiaries conduct their business. Accordingly, no assurance can be 
given that the Company is not currently or will not become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year.

In addition, changes in law can adversely affect the Company and its subsidiaries’ abilities to qualify for the 
Insurance Company Exception, modify the Look-Through Rule as applied for that exception, or otherwise cause the 
Company to qualify as a PFIC, possibly with retroactive effect. In particular, the U.S. Treasury has proposed regulations 
regarding the Insurance Company Exception. We cannot provide any assurance that such proposed regulations, when 
finalized, will not cause the Company to be treated as a PFIC. Further, the IRS may issue guidance that causes us to 
fail to qualify for the Insurance Company Exception on a prospective or retroactive basis.

If the Company is a PFIC for any year during which you hold the Company’s common shares, it will continue to 

be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold common shares. However, if the Company ceases 

to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid 

some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to 

the common shares.

If the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year(s) during which you hold common shares, you will be subject 

to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or 

other disposition (including a pledge) of the common shares, unless, with respect to your common shares, you make a 

“mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% 

of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding 

period for the common shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the common shares 

the  amount  allocated  to  your  current  taxable  year,  and  any  amount  allocated  to  any  of  your  taxable 

year(s)  prior  to  the  first  taxable  year  in  which  the  Company  was  a  PFIC,  will  be  treated  as  ordinary 

• 

• 

or warrants;

income, and

• 

the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect 

for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the 

resulting tax attributable to each such year.

The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be 

offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the common shares 

cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the common shares as capital assets.

A U.S. holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such 

stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for the first taxable year 

which you hold (or are deemed to hold) our common shares and for which the Company is determined to be a PFIC, 

you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common 

shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such common shares, which excess will be 

treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted 

basis of the common shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, such ordinary 

loss is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the common shares included in your income for 

prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual 

sale or other disposition of the common shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies 

to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the common shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss 

does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such common shares. Your basis in the common 

shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the 

tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by the Company, 

except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “— Taxation 

of Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares” generally would not apply.

The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock”, which is stock that is traded in other than 

de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange 

or  other  market  (as  defined  in  applicable  U.S. Treasury  regulations),  including  Nasdaq.  If  our  common  shares  are 

regularly traded on Nasdaq Capital Market and if you are a holder of common shares, the mark-to-market election 

would be available to you were the Company to be or become a PFIC.

Alternatively,  a  U.S.  holder  of  stock  in  a  PFIC  may  make  a  “qualified  electing  fund”  election  with  respect 

to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. holder who makes a valid qualified electing 

fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata 

share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is 

available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as 

required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. The Company does not currently intend to prepare or provide 

the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold common shares in any 

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023• 

at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a 

taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the 

“asset test”).

For  purposes  of  the  PFIC  rules,  a  corporation  is  treated  as  owning  its  proportionate  share  of  the  assets  and 

earning its proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, at least 

25% (by value) of the stock (the “Look-Through Rule”). Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents 

and  royalties  (other  than  rents  or  royalties  derived  from  the  active  conduct  of  a  trade  or  business),  passive  assets 

generally include assets held for the production of such income, and gains from the disposition of passive assets are 

generally all included in passive income.

Special rules apply, however, in determining whether the income of an insurance company is passive income for 

purposes of these rules. Specifically, income derived in the active conduct of an insurance business by a “qualified 

insurance corporation” (a “QIC”) is excluded from the definition of passive income, even though that income would 

otherwise be considered passive (the “Insurance Company Exception”). Pursuant to the Insurance Company Exception, 

(a) passive income does not include income that a QIC derives in the active conduct of an insurance business or income 

of a look-through subsidiary, and (b) passive assets do not include assets of a QIC available to satisfy liabilities of the 

QIC related to its insurance business, if the QIC is engaged in the active conduct of an insurance business, or assets 

of a look-through subsidiary.

Under certain proposed regulations, a QIC is in the “active conduct” of an insurance business only if it satisfies 

either a “factual requirements” test or an “active conduct percentage” test. The factual requirements rest requires that 

the officers and employees of the QIC carry out substantial managerial and operational activities on a regular and 

continuous basis with respect to its core functions and that they perform virtually all of the active decision-making 

functions including those relevant to underwriting functions. The active conduct percentage test generally requires that 

(i) the total costs incurred by the QIC with respect to its officers and employees for services rendered with respect to 

its core functions (other than investment activities) equal or exceed 50 percent of total costs incurred by the QIC with 

respect to its officers and employees and any other person or entities for services rendered with respect to its core 

functions (other than investment activities) and (ii) to the extent the QIC outsources any part of its core functions to 

unrelated entities, officers and employees of the QIC with experience and relevant expertise must select and supervise 

the person that performs the outsourced functions, establish objectives for performance of the outsourced functions 

and  prescribe  rigorous  guidelines  relating  to  the  outsourced  functions  which  are  routinely  evaluated  and  updated. 

Under certain exceptions, however, a QIC (a) that has no or only a nominal number of employees, or (b) that is a 

vehicle  that  (x)  has  the  effect  of  securitizing  or  collateralizing  insurance  risks  underwritten  by  other  insurance  or 

reinsurance companies or (y) is an insurance linked securities fund that invests in securitization vehicles, is deemed 

not engaged in the active conduct of an insurance business. A QIC’s officers and employees include those of certain 

affiliates for these purposes. The 2021 Final Regulations contain guidance on the application of the Look-Through 

Rule which allows a portion of assets and income of certain look-through subsidiaries of a QIC to be treated as active.

Based on the gross assets, and claims and claim adjustment expenses, reserves of certain of its subsidiaries and 

local regulatory requirements relating to such reserves, and based on the manner in which its subsidiaries conducts 

and expects to continue to conduct its business, the Company expects a sufficient amount of its income and assets 

to be treated as active income or assets of a QIC or that will be treated as active income or assets of a QIC under the 

Look-Through Rule such that it will not be classified as a PFIC.

Thus, although not free from doubt, the Company does not believe it is likely to be treated as a PFIC for the 

current year and does not believe it is likely to be so treated in foreseeable future years. Whether the Company is a 

PFIC is a factual determination made annually, and the Company’s status could change depending upon, among other 

things, the manner in which the Company and its subsidiaries conduct their business. Accordingly, no assurance can be 

given that the Company is not currently or will not become a PFIC in the current or any future taxable year.

In addition, changes in law can adversely affect the Company and its subsidiaries’ abilities to qualify for the 

Insurance Company Exception, modify the Look-Through Rule as applied for that exception, or otherwise cause the 

Company to qualify as a PFIC, possibly with retroactive effect. In particular, the U.S. Treasury has proposed regulations 

regarding the Insurance Company Exception. We cannot provide any assurance that such proposed regulations, when 

finalized, will not cause the Company to be treated as a PFIC. Further, the IRS may issue guidance that causes us to 

fail to qualify for the Insurance Company Exception on a prospective or retroactive basis.

If the Company is a PFIC for any year during which you hold the Company’s common shares, it will continue to 
be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold common shares. However, if the Company ceases 
to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid 
some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to 
the common shares.

If the Company is a PFIC for any taxable year(s) during which you hold common shares, you will be subject 
to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or 
other disposition (including a pledge) of the common shares, unless, with respect to your common shares, you make a 
“mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% 
of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding 
period for the common shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

• 

• 

• 

the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the common shares 
or warrants;

the  amount  allocated  to  your  current  taxable  year,  and  any  amount  allocated  to  any  of  your  taxable 
year(s)  prior  to  the  first  taxable  year  in  which  the  Company  was  a  PFIC,  will  be  treated  as  ordinary 
income, and

the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect 
for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the 
resulting tax attributable to each such year.

The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be 
offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the common shares 
cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the common shares as capital assets.

A U.S. holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such 
stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for the first taxable year 
which you hold (or are deemed to hold) our common shares and for which the Company is determined to be a PFIC, 
you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the common 
shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such common shares, which excess will be 
treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted 
basis of the common shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, such ordinary 
loss is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the common shares included in your income for 
prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual 
sale or other disposition of the common shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies 
to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the common shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss 
does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such common shares. Your basis in the common 
shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the 
tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by the Company, 
except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “— Taxation 
of Dividends and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares” generally would not apply.

The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock”, which is stock that is traded in other than 
de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange 
or  other  market  (as  defined  in  applicable  U.S. Treasury  regulations),  including  Nasdaq.  If  our  common  shares  are 
regularly traded on Nasdaq Capital Market and if you are a holder of common shares, the mark-to-market election 
would be available to you were the Company to be or become a PFIC.

Alternatively,  a  U.S.  holder  of  stock  in  a  PFIC  may  make  a  “qualified  electing  fund”  election  with  respect 
to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. holder who makes a valid qualified electing 
fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata 
share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is 
available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as 
required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. The Company does not currently intend to prepare or provide 
the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold common shares in any 

143

144

166

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          taxable year in which the Company is a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. IRS Form 8621 in each such year and 
provide certain annual information regarding such common shares, including regarding distributions received on the 
common shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the common shares.

If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if the Company were a PFIC at 
any time during the period you hold its common shares, then such common shares will continue to be treated as stock 
of a PFIC with respect to you even if the Company ceases to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging 
election” for the year the Company ceases to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such common 
shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC. The gain 
recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an 
excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the 
fair market value of the common shares on the last day of the last year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC) 
and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your common shares for tax 
purposes.

You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in 
our common shares and the elections discussed above, in particular any U.S. holders of warrants should consult their 
advisors regarding whether any such elections are available to warrants and the effect of making such election with 
respect to warrants.

Possible Constructive Distributions

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules,” the terms of 
each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of common shares for which the warrant may be exercised or to 
the exercise price of the warrant in certain events. An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution generally 
is not taxable. You would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the 
adjustment increases your proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the 
number of common shares that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders 
of common shares which is taxable to the U.S. holders of such shares as described under “— Taxation of Dividends 
and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares” above. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as 
described under that section in the same manner as if you received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market 
value of such increased interest.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Certain  non-corporate  U.S.  holders  are  required  to  report  information  to  the  IRS  relating  to  an  interest  in 
“specified foreign financial assets,” including shares and warrants issued by a non-U.S. corporation. These rules also 
impose penalties if a U.S. holder is required to submit such information to the IRS and fails to do so.

Dividend payments with respect to our common shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our 
common shares and warrants may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding. 
Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number 
and  makes  any  other  required  certification  or  who  otherwise  establishes  an  exemption  from  backup  withholding. 
U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and 
backup withholding rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against 
your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup 
withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and timely furnishing any required 
information.

Bermuda Tax Considerations

Under present Bermuda law, no Bermuda withholding tax on dividends or other distributions, or any Bermuda 
tax computed on profits or income or on any capital asset, gain or appreciation will be payable by us or applicable to 
our operations, and there is no Bermuda tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax applicable to our shares, 
debentures or other obligations held by non-residents of Bermuda.

However, Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023 on 27 December 2023 (the “CIT Act”). Entities 

subject to tax under the CIT Act are the Bermuda constituent entities of multi-national groups. A multi-national group 

is defined under the CIT Act as a group with entities in more than one jurisdiction with consolidated revenues of at 

least EUR750 million for two of the four previous fiscal years. If Bermuda constituent entities of a multi-national 

group are subject to tax under the CIT Act, such tax is charged at a rate of 15% of the net income of such constituent 

entities (as determined in accordance with the CIT Act, including after adjusting for any relevant foreign tax credits 

applicable to the Bermuda constituent entities). No tax is chargeable under the CIT Act until tax years starting on or 

after 1 January 2025. The Company is not currently considered to be part of an in-scope multi-national group. It is 

possible that the CIT Act may have an adverse effect on our results of operations going forward.

Tax Assurance

We have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax 

Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits 

or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance 

tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to us or to any of our operations or to our shares, debentures 

or other obligations except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda or is payable by us in 

respect of real property owned or leased by us in Bermuda. However, if we are a Bermuda constituent entity with any 

tax liability under the CIT Act, such tax liability will apply notwithstanding the assurance given to us pursuant to the 

Shareholders should seek advice from their tax advisor to determine the taxation to which they may be subject 

Exempted Undertakings Protection Act 1966.

Taxation of Shareholders

based on the shareholder’s circumstances.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

this annual report.

Documents concerning the Company that are referred to in this annual report may be inspected at our principal 

executive offices at 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan or as otherwise set out in 

We  are  subject  to  the  informational  requirements  of  the  Exchange Act  that  are  applicable  to  foreign  private 

issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC, including annual 

reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports 

and other information that we file with or furnish electronically with the SEC. You may read and copy any report or 

document we file, including the exhibits, at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, 

D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.

We  maintain  a  corporate  website  at  www.iginsure.com.  Information  contained  on,  or  that  can  be  accessed 

through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report.

Shareholders may also request a hard copy of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F, free of charge, from 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, 

Jordan, Attention: Investor Relations.

As  a  foreign  private  issuer,  we  are  exempt  under  the  Exchange  Act  from,  among  other  things,  the  rules 

prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal and 

selling shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 

145

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167

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023taxable year in which the Company is a PFIC, you will be required to file U.S. IRS Form 8621 in each such year and 

provide certain annual information regarding such common shares, including regarding distributions received on the 

common shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the common shares.

If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if the Company were a PFIC at 

any time during the period you hold its common shares, then such common shares will continue to be treated as stock 

of a PFIC with respect to you even if the Company ceases to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging 

election” for the year the Company ceases to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such common 

shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC. The gain 

recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an 

excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the 

fair market value of the common shares on the last day of the last year in which the Company is treated as a PFIC) 

and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your common shares for tax 

purposes.

You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in 

our common shares and the elections discussed above, in particular any U.S. holders of warrants should consult their 

advisors regarding whether any such elections are available to warrants and the effect of making such election with 

respect to warrants.

Possible Constructive Distributions

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company (“PFIC”) Rules,” the terms of 

each warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of common shares for which the warrant may be exercised or to 

the exercise price of the warrant in certain events. An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution generally 

is not taxable. You would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the 

adjustment increases your proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the 

number of common shares that would be obtained upon exercise) as a result of a distribution of cash to the holders 

of common shares which is taxable to the U.S. holders of such shares as described under “— Taxation of Dividends 

and Other Distributions on Our Common Shares” above. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as 

described under that section in the same manner as if you received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market 

value of such increased interest.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Certain  non-corporate  U.S.  holders  are  required  to  report  information  to  the  IRS  relating  to  an  interest  in 

“specified foreign financial assets,” including shares and warrants issued by a non-U.S. corporation. These rules also 

impose penalties if a U.S. holder is required to submit such information to the IRS and fails to do so.

Dividend payments with respect to our common shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our 

common shares and warrants may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding. 

Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number 

and  makes  any  other  required  certification  or  who  otherwise  establishes  an  exemption  from  backup  withholding. 

U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and 

backup withholding rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against 

your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup 

withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and timely furnishing any required 

information.

Bermuda Tax Considerations

Under present Bermuda law, no Bermuda withholding tax on dividends or other distributions, or any Bermuda 

tax computed on profits or income or on any capital asset, gain or appreciation will be payable by us or applicable to 

our operations, and there is no Bermuda tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax applicable to our shares, 

debentures or other obligations held by non-residents of Bermuda.

However, Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023 on 27 December 2023 (the “CIT Act”). Entities 
subject to tax under the CIT Act are the Bermuda constituent entities of multi-national groups. A multi-national group 
is defined under the CIT Act as a group with entities in more than one jurisdiction with consolidated revenues of at 
least EUR750 million for two of the four previous fiscal years. If Bermuda constituent entities of a multi-national 
group are subject to tax under the CIT Act, such tax is charged at a rate of 15% of the net income of such constituent 
entities (as determined in accordance with the CIT Act, including after adjusting for any relevant foreign tax credits 
applicable to the Bermuda constituent entities). No tax is chargeable under the CIT Act until tax years starting on or 
after 1 January 2025. The Company is not currently considered to be part of an in-scope multi-national group. It is 
possible that the CIT Act may have an adverse effect on our results of operations going forward.

Tax Assurance

We have obtained an assurance from the Minister of Finance of Bermuda under the Exempted Undertakings Tax 
Protection Act 1966 that, in the event that any legislation is enacted in Bermuda imposing any tax computed on profits 
or income, or computed on any capital asset, gain or appreciation or any tax in the nature of estate duty or inheritance 
tax, such tax shall not, until March 31, 2035, be applicable to us or to any of our operations or to our shares, debentures 
or other obligations except insofar as such tax applies to persons ordinarily resident in Bermuda or is payable by us in 
respect of real property owned or leased by us in Bermuda. However, if we are a Bermuda constituent entity with any 
tax liability under the CIT Act, such tax liability will apply notwithstanding the assurance given to us pursuant to the 
Exempted Undertakings Protection Act 1966.

Taxation of Shareholders

Shareholders should seek advice from their tax advisor to determine the taxation to which they may be subject 

based on the shareholder’s circumstances.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

Documents concerning the Company that are referred to in this annual report may be inspected at our principal 
executive offices at 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, Jordan or as otherwise set out in 
this annual report.

We  are  subject  to  the  informational  requirements  of  the  Exchange Act  that  are  applicable  to  foreign  private 
issuers. Accordingly, we are required to file or furnish reports and other information with the SEC, including annual 
reports on Form 20-F and reports on Form 6-K. The SEC also maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports 
and other information that we file with or furnish electronically with the SEC. You may read and copy any report or 
document we file, including the exhibits, at the SEC’s public reference room located at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, 
D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.

We  maintain  a  corporate  website  at  www.iginsure.com.  Information  contained  on,  or  that  can  be  accessed 

through, our website does not constitute a part of this annual report.

Shareholders may also request a hard copy of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 20-F, free of charge, from 
International General Insurance Holdings Ltd., 74 Abdel Hamid Sharaf Street, P.O. Box 941428, Amman 11194, 
Jordan, Attention: Investor Relations.

As  a  foreign  private  issuer,  we  are  exempt  under  the  Exchange  Act  from,  among  other  things,  the  rules 
prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our executive officers, directors and principal and 
selling shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 

145

146

168

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial 
statements  with  the  SEC  as  frequently  or  as  promptly  as  U.S.  domestic  companies  whose  securities  are  registered 
under the Exchange Act.

Members of the general public have a right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office 
of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include the company’s  memorandum of association, 
including its objects and powers, and certain alterations to the memorandum of association. The shareholders have 
the additional right to inspect the bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited 
financial statements, which must be presented to the annual general meeting. The register of members of a company is 
also open to inspection by shareholders and by members of the general public without charge. The register of members 
is required to be open for inspection for not less than two hours in any business day (subject to the ability of a company 
to close the register of members for not more than thirty days in a year). A company is required to maintain its share 
register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, establish a branch register outside of 
Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of directors and officers that is open for 
inspection for not less than two hours in any business day by members of the public without charge. A company is also 
required to file with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda a list of its directors to be maintained on a register, which 
register will be available for public inspection subject to such conditions as the Registrar may impose and on payment 
of such fee as may be prescribed. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect 
or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

ITEM 11.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Market  risk  is  the  risk  of  economic  losses  due  to  adverse  changes  in  the  estimated  fair  value  of  a  financial 
instrument as the result of changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity 
prices. The primary components of market risk affecting us are credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and 
equity price risk. We do not have significant exposure to commodity risk.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from adverse changes in an issuer’s ability to repay its debt obligations. 
We  have  exposure  to  credit  risk  as  a  holder  of  fixed  maturity  investments.  Our  risk  management  strategy  and 
investment policy are designed to primarily invest in debt instruments of high credit quality issuers and to limit the 
amount of credit exposure with respect to particular ratings categories and any one issuer. At December 31, 2023, our 
fixed-maturity portfolio, had an average rating of “A”. Additionally, at December 31, 2023, approximately 76% of our 
fixed-maturity portfolio was rated “A-” or better by at least one internationally recognized rating organization. Our 
policy is to invest in investment grade securities and to minimize investments in fixed maturities that are unrated or 
rated below investment grade. At December 31, 2023, approximately 0.1% of our fixed-maturity portfolio was unrated 
or rated below investment grade. We monitor the financial condition of all of the issuers of fixed-maturity securities 
in our portfolio.

In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  credit  risk  with  respect  to  our  third-party  reinsurers. Although  our  third-party 
reinsurers are obligated to reimburse us to the extent we cede risk to them, we are ultimately liable to our policyholders 
on  all  risks  we  have  ceded. As  a  result,  reinsurance  contracts  do  not  limit  our  ultimate  obligations  to  pay  claims 
covered  under  the  insurance  policies  we  issue  and  we  might  not  collect  amounts  recoverable  from  our  reinsurers. 
We address this credit risk by selecting reinsurers with high credit rating at the time we enter into the agreement and 
by performing, along with our reinsurance broker, periodic credit reviews of our reinsurers. If one of our reinsurers 
suffers a credit downgrade, we may consider various options to lessen the risk of asset impairment.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that we will  incur  economic losses due to  adverse  changes in  interest rates. The 
primary  market  risk  to  the  investment  portfolio  is  interest  rate  risk  associated  with  investments  in  fixed-maturity 
securities. Fluctuations in interest rates have a direct effect on the market valuation of these securities. When market 

interest rates rise, the fair value of our fixed-maturity securities decreases. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the fair 

value of our fixed-maturity securities increases. We manage this interest rate risk by investing in securities with varied 

maturity dates and by managing the duration of our investment portfolio to the duration of our reserves. Expressed 

in years, duration is the weighted average payment period of cash flows, where the weighting is based on the present 

value of the cash flows. We set duration targets for our fixed-maturity investment portfolios after consideration of the 

estimated duration of our liabilities and other factors. The weighted-average modified duration of the portfolio was 

three years as of December 31, 2023.

The table below illustrates the sensitivity of the fair value of our fixed-maturity securities to selected hypothetical 

changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Estimated

change in

fair value

Fair value

($ in millions)

($ in millions)

Estimated %  

Increase

(Decrease) in

Fair Value

(3.9%)

(2.3%)

—

2.3%

3.9%

(3.7%)

(2.2%)

—

2.3%

3.8%

December 31, 2023

125 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

75 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

75 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

125 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

737.8 $ 

749.7 $ 

767.6 $ 

785.5 $ 

797.4 $ 

(29.8)

(17.9)

—

17.9

29.8

Estimated

change in

fair value

Fair value

($ in millions)

($ in millions)

Estimated %  

Increase

(Decrease) in

Fair Value

December 31, 2022

125 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

75 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

75 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

125 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

472.7 $ 

480.0 $ 

491.1 $ 

502.1 $ 

509.5 $ 

(18.4)

(11.1)

—

11.1

18.4

Foreign currency risk

Our  reporting  and  the  functional  currency  of  our  operations  is  the  U.S.  Dollar. As  at  December  31,  2023, 

approximately  82%  of  our  cash  and  investments  was  held  in  U.S.  Dollar  and  U.S.  Dollar  pegged  currencies 

(2022 — 82%), and approximately 18% was in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and U.S. Dollar pegged currencies 

(2022 — 18%). For the year ended December 31, 2022, 49% of our gross premiums were written in currencies other 

than the U.S. Dollar and U.S. Dollar pegged currencies (2022 — 51%).

Other  foreign  currency  amounts  are  remeasured  to  U.S.  Dollar  and  the  resulting  foreign  exchange  gains  or 

losses are reflected in the statements of income. The remeasurement is calculated using current exchange rates for the 

balance sheets and average exchange rates for the statements of income. We may experience exchange losses to the 

extent that our foreign currency exposure is not properly managed which would in turn adversely affect our results 

of operations and financial condition. Management estimates that a 10% change in the exchange rate between Pound 

Sterling  and  U.S.  Dollar,  as  an  example,  as  at  December  31,  2023  would  have  impacted  reported  comprehensive 

income by approximately $2.5 million (2022 — $4.1 million). We will continue to manage our foreign currency risk 

by seeking to match our liabilities under insurance and reinsurance policies that are payable in foreign currencies with 

investments that are denominated in those currencies.

147

148

169

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial 

statements  with  the  SEC  as  frequently  or  as  promptly  as  U.S.  domestic  companies  whose  securities  are  registered 

under the Exchange Act.

Members of the general public have a right to inspect the public documents of a company available at the office 

of the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda. These documents include the company’s  memorandum of association, 

including its objects and powers, and certain alterations to the memorandum of association. The shareholders have 

the additional right to inspect the bye-laws of the company, minutes of general meetings and the company’s audited 

financial statements, which must be presented to the annual general meeting. The register of members of a company is 

also open to inspection by shareholders and by members of the general public without charge. The register of members 

is required to be open for inspection for not less than two hours in any business day (subject to the ability of a company 

to close the register of members for not more than thirty days in a year). A company is required to maintain its share 

register in Bermuda but may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act, establish a branch register outside of 

Bermuda. A company is required to keep at its registered office a register of directors and officers that is open for 

inspection for not less than two hours in any business day by members of the public without charge. A company is also 

required to file with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda a list of its directors to be maintained on a register, which 

register will be available for public inspection subject to such conditions as the Registrar may impose and on payment 

of such fee as may be prescribed. Bermuda law does not, however, provide a general right for shareholders to inspect 

or obtain copies of any other corporate records.

I. Subsidiary Information

Not applicable.

ITEM 11.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISKS

Market  risk  is  the  risk  of  economic  losses  due  to  adverse  changes  in  the  estimated  fair  value  of  a  financial 

instrument as the result of changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity 

prices. The primary components of market risk affecting us are credit risk, interest rate risk, foreign currency risk and 

equity price risk. We do not have significant exposure to commodity risk.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the potential loss resulting from adverse changes in an issuer’s ability to repay its debt obligations. 

We  have  exposure  to  credit  risk  as  a  holder  of  fixed  maturity  investments.  Our  risk  management  strategy  and 

investment policy are designed to primarily invest in debt instruments of high credit quality issuers and to limit the 

amount of credit exposure with respect to particular ratings categories and any one issuer. At December 31, 2023, our 

fixed-maturity portfolio, had an average rating of “A”. Additionally, at December 31, 2023, approximately 76% of our 

fixed-maturity portfolio was rated “A-” or better by at least one internationally recognized rating organization. Our 

policy is to invest in investment grade securities and to minimize investments in fixed maturities that are unrated or 

rated below investment grade. At December 31, 2023, approximately 0.1% of our fixed-maturity portfolio was unrated 

or rated below investment grade. We monitor the financial condition of all of the issuers of fixed-maturity securities 

in our portfolio.

In  addition,  we  are  subject  to  credit  risk  with  respect  to  our  third-party  reinsurers. Although  our  third-party 

reinsurers are obligated to reimburse us to the extent we cede risk to them, we are ultimately liable to our policyholders 

on  all  risks  we  have  ceded. As  a  result,  reinsurance  contracts  do  not  limit  our  ultimate  obligations  to  pay  claims 

covered  under  the  insurance  policies  we  issue  and  we  might  not  collect  amounts  recoverable  from  our  reinsurers. 

We address this credit risk by selecting reinsurers with high credit rating at the time we enter into the agreement and 

by performing, along with our reinsurance broker, periodic credit reviews of our reinsurers. If one of our reinsurers 

suffers a credit downgrade, we may consider various options to lessen the risk of asset impairment.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that we will  incur economic losses due to  adverse  changes in  interest rates. The 

primary  market  risk  to  the  investment  portfolio  is  interest  rate  risk  associated  with  investments  in  fixed-maturity 

securities. Fluctuations in interest rates have a direct effect on the market valuation of these securities. When market 

interest rates rise, the fair value of our fixed-maturity securities decreases. Conversely, as interest rates fall, the fair 
value of our fixed-maturity securities increases. We manage this interest rate risk by investing in securities with varied 
maturity dates and by managing the duration of our investment portfolio to the duration of our reserves. Expressed 
in years, duration is the weighted average payment period of cash flows, where the weighting is based on the present 
value of the cash flows. We set duration targets for our fixed-maturity investment portfolios after consideration of the 
estimated duration of our liabilities and other factors. The weighted-average modified duration of the portfolio was 
three years as of December 31, 2023.

The table below illustrates the sensitivity of the fair value of our fixed-maturity securities to selected hypothetical 

changes in interest rates as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Fair value
($ in millions)

Estimated
change in
fair value
($ in millions)

Estimated %  
Increase
(Decrease) in
Fair Value

December 31, 2023
125 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
75 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
75 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
125 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

737.8 $ 
749.7 $ 
767.6 $ 
785.5 $ 
797.4 $ 

(29.8)
(17.9)
—
17.9
29.8

(3.9%)
(2.3%)
—
2.3%
3.9%

Fair value
($ in millions)

Estimated
change in
fair value
($ in millions)

Estimated %  
Increase
(Decrease) in
Fair Value

December 31, 2022
125 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
75 basis points increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Unchanged  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
75 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
125 basis points decrease  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

472.7 $ 
480.0 $ 
491.1 $ 
502.1 $ 
509.5 $ 

(18.4)
(11.1)
—
11.1
18.4

(3.7%)
(2.2%)
—
2.3%
3.8%

Foreign currency risk

Our  reporting  and  the  functional  currency  of  our  operations  is  the  U.S.  Dollar. As  at  December  31,  2023, 
approximately  82%  of  our  cash  and  investments  was  held  in  U.S.  Dollar  and  U.S.  Dollar  pegged  currencies 
(2022 — 82%), and approximately 18% was in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar and U.S. Dollar pegged currencies 
(2022 — 18%). For the year ended December 31, 2022, 49% of our gross premiums were written in currencies other 
than the U.S. Dollar and U.S. Dollar pegged currencies (2022 — 51%).

Other  foreign  currency  amounts  are  remeasured  to  U.S.  Dollar  and  the  resulting  foreign  exchange  gains  or 
losses are reflected in the statements of income. The remeasurement is calculated using current exchange rates for the 
balance sheets and average exchange rates for the statements of income. We may experience exchange losses to the 
extent that our foreign currency exposure is not properly managed which would in turn adversely affect our results 
of operations and financial condition. Management estimates that a 10% change in the exchange rate between Pound 
Sterling  and  U.S.  Dollar,  as  an  example,  as  at  December  31,  2023  would  have  impacted  reported  comprehensive 
income by approximately $2.5 million (2022 — $4.1 million). We will continue to manage our foreign currency risk 
by seeking to match our liabilities under insurance and reinsurance policies that are payable in foreign currencies with 
investments that are denominated in those currencies.

147

148

170

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Equity Price Risk

PART II

Equity price risk is the potential loss arising from changes in the market value of equity investments. As detailed 
in the table below, we are directly exposed to this risk through our investment in equity investments, which are traded 
on internationally recognized stock exchanges. The following table summarizes a hypothetical 10% increase or decline 
in the market value of our equity investments, direct private equity investments, private equity funds and hedge funds, 
holding all other factors constant, at the dates indicated.

Equity securities, at fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total carrying value of investments exposed to equity price risk . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

For the Year Ended
December 31,

2023

2022

($) in millions
26.2 $ 
11.1
37.3 $ 

Impact of a hypothetical 10% increase in the carrying value of investments 

exposed to equity price risk  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

3.7 $ 

Impact of a hypothetical 10% decrease in the carrying value of investments 

exposed to equity price risk  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

(3.7) $ 

ITEM 12.  DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

31.4
12.2
43.6

4.4

(4.4)

ITEM 13.  DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

PROCEEDS

ITEM 14.  MATERIAL  MODIFICATIONS  TO  THE  RIGHTS  OF  SECURITY  HOLDERS AND  USE  OF 

None, except as described elsewhere in this annual report or in the information incorporated by reference herein.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form F-3 with the SEC on April 2, 2021, and it was declared 

effective on November 3, 2021 (File No. No. 333-254986). The registration statement relates to, among other things, 

the issuance of up to 17,250,000 of our common shares, including (i) 12,750,000 common shares issuable upon the 

exercise  of  our  public  warrants  issued  in  exchange  for  12,750,000  public  warrants  of Tiberius,  and,  (ii)  4,500,000 

common shares issuable upon the exercise of our warrants issued in exchange for 4,500,000 Tiberius private warrants. 

On October 4, 2023, the Company completed its purchase and redemption of all public and private warrants.

ITEM 15.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation 

of  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our 

disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the 

end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief 

Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, the disclosure controls 

and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that:

• 

information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  Company  in  reports  that  it  files  or  submits  under  the 

Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the President 

and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required 

disclosure; and

SEC’s rules and forms.

• 

such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the 

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls 

and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the 

desired control objective, and management is required to apply its judgement in evaluating and implementing possible 

controls and procedures.

B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial 

reporting  as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 

regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in 

accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Due  to  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  not  intended  to  provide  absolute 

assurance  that  a  misstatement  of  our  financial  statements  would  be  prevented  or  detected.  Internal  control  over 

financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment 

and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by 

collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be 

prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. Also, projections of any evaluation 

of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 

conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

149

150

171

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Equity Price Risk

PART II

Equity price risk is the potential loss arising from changes in the market value of equity investments. As detailed 

in the table below, we are directly exposed to this risk through our investment in equity investments, which are traded 

on internationally recognized stock exchanges. The following table summarizes a hypothetical 10% increase or decline 

in the market value of our equity investments, direct private equity investments, private equity funds and hedge funds, 

holding all other factors constant, at the dates indicated.

For the Year Ended

December 31,

2023

2022

($) in millions

Equity securities, at fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total carrying value of investments exposed to equity price risk . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

26.2 $ 

11.1

37.3 $ 

Impact of a hypothetical 10% increase in the carrying value of investments 

exposed to equity price risk  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

3.7 $ 

Impact of a hypothetical 10% decrease in the carrying value of investments 

exposed to equity price risk  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

(3.7) $ 

31.4

12.2

43.6

4.4

(4.4)

ITEM 12.  DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 13.  DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

None.

ITEM 14.  MATERIAL  MODIFICATIONS  TO  THE  RIGHTS  OF  SECURITY  HOLDERS AND  USE  OF 

PROCEEDS

None, except as described elsewhere in this annual report or in the information incorporated by reference herein.

The Company filed a registration statement on Form F-3 with the SEC on April 2, 2021, and it was declared 
effective on November 3, 2021 (File No. No. 333-254986). The registration statement relates to, among other things, 
the issuance of up to 17,250,000 of our common shares, including (i) 12,750,000 common shares issuable upon the 
exercise  of  our  public  warrants  issued  in  exchange  for  12,750,000  public  warrants  of Tiberius,  and,  (ii)  4,500,000 
common shares issuable upon the exercise of our warrants issued in exchange for 4,500,000 Tiberius private warrants. 
On October 4, 2023, the Company completed its purchase and redemption of all public and private warrants.

ITEM 15.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

A. Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rules 13a-15(b) and 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, with the participation 
of  our  President  and  Chief  Executive  Officer,  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  has  evaluated  the  effectiveness  of  our 
disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act), as of the 
end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 20-F. Based on such evaluation, our President and Chief 
Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2023, the disclosure controls 
and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level in ensuring that:

• 

• 

information  required  to  be  disclosed  by  the  Company  in  reports  that  it  files  or  submits  under  the 
Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the President 
and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required 
disclosure; and

such information is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the 
SEC’s rules and forms.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls 
and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the 
desired control objective, and management is required to apply its judgement in evaluating and implementing possible 
controls and procedures.

B. Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting

Our  management  is  responsible  for  establishing  and  maintaining  adequate  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting  as  defined  in  Rules  13a-15(f)  and  15d-15(f)  under  the  Exchange  Act  to  provide  reasonable  assurance 
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the financial statements for external purposes in 
accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Due  to  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  is  not  intended  to  provide  absolute 
assurance  that  a  misstatement  of  our  financial  statements  would  be  prevented  or  detected.  Internal  control  over 
financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment 
and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by 
collusion or improper override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be 
prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. Also, projections of any evaluation 
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in 
conditions or that the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate.

149

150

172

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 
2023 based upon criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based  on  this  assessment,  management  has  concluded  that  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial 

reporting was effective as at December 31, 2023.

C. Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

We are exempt from the requirement of an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm while we 

are an emerging growth company under the rules of the SEC.

Tax Fees

two of the Group’s subsidiaries.

All Other Fees

statutory returns for two of the Group’s subsidiaries.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval

Tax Fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 relate to corporate tax compliance services for 

All Other Fees relate to permitted advisory services, which relate to review of loss reserves engagement and 

D. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

None.

ITEM 16. 

[RESERVED]

ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our  board  of  directors  has  determined  that  Wanda  Mwaura,  the  chair  of  the  audit  committee  of  our  board 
of  directors,  is  an  “audit  committee  financial  expert”  as  defined  by  Item  16A  of  Form  20-F. All  members  of  the 
audit committee are independent directors as defined in the Nasdaq listing requirements and Rule 10A-3 under the 
Exchange Act.

ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS

The  Company  has  adopted  a  Financial  Code  of  Ethics  applicable  to  the  President  and  Chief  Executive 
Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President — Finance, Controller and certain other officers performing 
similar functions. A copy of our Financial Code of Ethics may be obtained, without charge, by sending a request to 
International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.,  74 Abdel  Hamid  Sharaf  Street,  P.O.  Box  941428, Amman  11194, 
Jordan,  attention:  Chief  Legal  Officer;  or  by  email  to:  Rawan.Alsulaiman@iginsure.com,  attention:  Chief  Legal 
Officer. Any  amendment  to  this  Financial  Code  may  be  made  only  by  the  Company’s  board  of  directors.  If  an 
amendment to this Financial Code is made, appropriate disclosure will be made in a Current Report on Form 6-K, by 
posting on the Company’s website or by other electronic means, or at the latest, in the annual report on Form 20-F to 
the extent required by the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements of Nasdaq.

ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table represents aggregate fees billed to us for professional services rendered by our independent 
registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP (London, United Kingdom, Auditor Firm ID: 1438), for the last 
two fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Audit Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 
Tax Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
All Other Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

Audit Fees

For the Year Ended 
December 31,

2023

2022

($) in thousands
2,700 $ 
5
75
2,780 $ 

1,639
5
69
1,713

Audit Fees consisted of fees for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and assistance with and review 

ITEM 16F.  CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

of documents filed with the SEC, in addition to the audit fees of the Group’s subsidiaries.

151

173

Our audit committee pre-approves auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us 

by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to certain de minimis exceptions provided 

by law or regulation). There were no services approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of 

Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Each of the services described in this Item 16C was approved by the audit committee. There were no hours 

expended on the principal accountant’s engagement to audit the Company’s financial statements for the most recent 

fiscal year that were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent 

employees.

ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

We do not rely on any exemptions from the listing standards for our audit committee.

ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Total  

Number of  

Shares  

Purchased  

as Part of  

Publicly  

Announced  

Plans or  

Programs

Maximum  

Number  

(or Approximate  

Dollar Value)  

of Shares  

That May  

Yet be  

Purchased  

Under the  

Plans or  

Programs

8.60

—

8.33

8.37

8.68

9.00

—

10.67

10.99

11.11

11.29

12.18

2,271,775

2,271,775

2,447,815

2,564,131

2,667,761

2,771,775

2,771,775

2,905,359

3,019,258

3,187,926

3,318,002

3,421,238

2,417,683

2,417,683

2,241,643

2,125,327

2,021,697

1,917,683

1,917,683

1,784,099

1,670,200

1,501,532

1,371,456

1,268,220

Period

January 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,271,775

Total  

Number of  

Shares  

Purchased

Average  

Price Paid  

Per Share

February 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

March 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

April 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

July 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

August 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

September 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

October 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

November 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Not applicable.

—

176,040

116,316

103,630

104,014

—

133,584

113,899

168,668

130,076

103,236

152

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 

2023 based upon criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of 

Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Based  on  this  assessment,  management  has  concluded  that  the  Company’s  internal  control  over  financial 

reporting was effective as at December 31, 2023.

C. Attestation Report of Registered Public Accounting Firm

We are exempt from the requirement of an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm while we 

are an emerging growth company under the rules of the SEC.

D. Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

None.

ITEM 16. 

[RESERVED]

ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our  board  of  directors  has  determined  that  Wanda  Mwaura,  the  chair  of  the  audit  committee  of  our  board 

of  directors,  is  an  “audit  committee  financial  expert”  as  defined  by  Item  16A  of  Form  20-F. All  members  of  the 

audit committee are independent directors as defined in the Nasdaq listing requirements and Rule 10A-3 under the 

Exchange Act.

ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS

The  Company  has  adopted  a  Financial  Code  of  Ethics  applicable  to  the  President  and  Chief  Executive 

Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President — Finance, Controller and certain other officers performing 

similar functions. A copy of our Financial Code of Ethics may be obtained, without charge, by sending a request to 

International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.,  74 Abdel  Hamid  Sharaf  Street,  P.O.  Box  941428, Amman  11194, 

Jordan,  attention:  Chief  Legal  Officer;  or  by  email  to:  Rawan.Alsulaiman@iginsure.com,  attention:  Chief  Legal 

Officer. Any  amendment  to  this  Financial  Code  may  be  made  only  by  the  Company’s  board  of  directors.  If  an 

amendment to this Financial Code is made, appropriate disclosure will be made in a Current Report on Form 6-K, by 

posting on the Company’s website or by other electronic means, or at the latest, in the annual report on Form 20-F to 

the extent required by the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements of Nasdaq.

ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The following table represents aggregate fees billed to us for professional services rendered by our independent 

registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young LLP (London, United Kingdom, Auditor Firm ID: 1438), for the last 

two fiscal years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

For the Year Ended 

December 31,

2023

2022

($) in thousands

Audit Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

2,700 $ 

1,639

Tax Fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

All Other Fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

5

75

5

69

Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  $ 

2,780 $ 

1,713

Audit Fees

Tax Fees

Tax Fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 relate to corporate tax compliance services for 

two of the Group’s subsidiaries.

All Other Fees

All Other Fees relate to permitted advisory services, which relate to review of loss reserves engagement and 

statutory returns for two of the Group’s subsidiaries.

Audit Committee Pre-Approval

Our audit committee pre-approves auditing services and permitted non-audit services to be performed for us 
by our independent auditor, including the fees and terms thereof (subject to certain de minimis exceptions provided 
by law or regulation). There were no services approved by the audit committee pursuant to paragraph (c)(7)(i)(C) of 
Rule 2-01 of Regulation S-X.

Each of the services described in this Item 16C was approved by the audit committee. There were no hours 
expended on the principal accountant’s engagement to audit the Company’s financial statements for the most recent 
fiscal year that were attributed to work performed by persons other than the principal accountant’s full-time, permanent 
employees.

ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES

We do not rely on any exemptions from the listing standards for our audit committee.

ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period
January 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
February 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
March 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
April 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
May 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
June 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
July 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
August 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
September 2023  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
October 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
November 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
December 2023 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total  
Number of  
Shares  
Purchased

Average  
Price Paid  
Per Share

2,271,775
—
176,040
116,316
103,630
104,014
—
133,584
113,899
168,668
130,076
103,236

8.60
—
8.33
8.37
8.68
9.00
—
10.67
10.99
11.11
11.29
12.18

Total  
Number of  
Shares  
Purchased  
as Part of  
Publicly  
Announced  
Plans or  
Programs

Maximum  
Number  
(or Approximate  
Dollar Value)  
of Shares  
That May  
Yet be  
Purchased  
Under the  
Plans or  
Programs

2,271,775
2,271,775
2,447,815
2,564,131
2,667,761
2,771,775
2,771,775
2,905,359
3,019,258
3,187,926
3,318,002
3,421,238

2,417,683
2,417,683
2,241,643
2,125,327
2,021,697
1,917,683
1,917,683
1,784,099
1,670,200
1,501,532
1,371,456
1,268,220

Audit Fees consisted of fees for the audit of the consolidated financial statements and assistance with and review 

ITEM 16F.  CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

of documents filed with the SEC, in addition to the audit fees of the Group’s subsidiaries.

Not applicable.

151

152

174

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          ITEM 16G.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws. As a result, we are permitted to 
follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to Bermuda requirements in lieu of certain Nasdaq corporate 
governance  rules. We  will  certify  to  Nasdaq  that  our  corporate  governance  practices  are  in  compliance  with,  and 
are not prohibited by, the laws of Bermuda. The corporate governance practices that we follow in lieu of Nasdaq’s 
corporate governance rules are as follows:

• 

• 

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(e)(1), which requires the director nomination process 
to  be  determined  by  a  majority  of  the  independent  directors  or  a  nominations  committee  comprised 
solely of independent directors, our nominating/governance committee (which is responsible for director 
nominations) consists of a majority of independent directors but does not consist solely of independent 
directors.

In  lieu  of  the  requirement  to  comply  with  Rule  5605(d)(2),  which  requires  a  compensation  committee 
comprised  of  at  least  two  members,  each  of  whom  must  be  an  independent  director  as  defined  under 
Rule 5605(a)(2), our compensation committee consists of three members, two of which are independent, 
comprising a majority of independent directors, but it does not consist solely of independent directors. 
Given the size of the Company, we believe that the committee as currently composed is well situated and 
has access to the best information to make compensation decisions for the Company.

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(b)(2), which requires regularly scheduled meetings 
at which only independent directors are present (“executive sessions”), we do not intend to have regularly 
scheduled executive sessions.

We intend to voluntarily comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including having a 
majority of independent directors and establishing compensation and nominating/governance committees of the board 
of directors, but we are not required to do so pursuant to Bermuda requirements and may cease doing so at any time as 
long as we maintain our status as a “foreign private issuer.”

ITEM 16H.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 16I.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

related to data security, privacy, compliance, and service availability.

Not applicable.

ITEM 16J.  INSIDER TRADING POLICIES

The Company adopted its updated Insider Trading Policy on November 16, 2023. A copy of the Insider Trading 

Policy is filed as an exhibit to this annual report.

ITEM 16K.  CYBERSECURITY

We  maintain  a  robust  and  comprehensive  approach  to  cybersecurity  and  continuously  improve  its  focus  and 
approach. Cybersecurity encompasses the protection of information assets, systems, networks, and data from cyber 
threats, breaches, and unauthorized access. Cybersecurity plays a crucial role in safeguarding our intellectual property, 
sensitive  information,  and  financial  assets,  and  is  integral  to  maintaining  trust  and  confidence  among  customers, 
investors,  regulators,  and  other  stakeholders.  To  date,  we  have  not  suffered  any  material  cybersecurity  incidents 
requiring action or reporting to regulators.

Potential Cyber Risks

• 

Sophisticated Cyber Threats:  We face risks from increasingly sophisticated and evolving cyber threats, 
including malware, man in the middle, phishing attacks, ransomware, and social engineering techniques.

153

154

175

• 

Operational  Disruption  Risk:  Cybersecurity  incidents,  such  as  ransomware  attacks,  distributed 

denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, or system outages, could disrupt the company’s operations and impact 

its ability to deliver products and services to customers. Operational disruptions may result in revenue 

loss, customer dissatisfaction, contractual penalties, and long-term reputational damage.

Data Breaches:  There is a risk of unauthorized access, disclosure, or theft of sensitive Company’s and 

customers’ data, which could result in financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties.

Third-Party  Risks:  Dependencies  on  third-party  vendors,  suppliers,  or  service  providers  expose  the 

Company  to  cybersecurity  risks,  including  supply  chain  attacks,  data  breaches,  and  vulnerabilities  in 

third-party systems.

• 

Regulatory  Compliance:  Failure  to  comply  with  cybersecurity  regulations  and  standards,  such  as 

GDPR, SOX, and country specific regulatory requirements, may result in legal and financial consequences, 

including fines, penalties, and lawsuits.

• 

Insider Threats:  Risks  from  insider  threats,  including  malicious  employees,  contractors,  or  business 

partners  with  access  to  sensitive  information,  pose  a  significant  cybersecurity  risk  to  the  Company’s 

operations and data security.

Legacy Systems and Infrastructure:  Legacy systems, outdated software, and inadequate cybersecurity 

controls increase the Company’s vulnerability to cyber threats, exploits, and security breaches.

Cyber  Insurance  Coverage: 

Inadequate  or  insufficient  cyber  insurance  coverage  may  leave  the 

Company  exposed  to  financial  losses  and  liabilities  resulting  from  cyber  incidents,  data  breaches,  and 

regulatory fines.

Geopolitical  and  Economic  Factors:  Risks  from  geopolitical  tensions,  economic  instability,  and 

regulatory changes may impact the Company’s cybersecurity posture, operations, and business continuity.

Cybersecurity Talent Shortage:  Difficulty in attracting, retaining, and training skilled cybersecurity 

professionals may hinder the Company’s ability to effectively mitigate cyber risks and respond to security 

incidents.

Cloud  Computing  Risks:  Reliance  on  cloud  computing  services  and  infrastructure  introduces  risks 

Emerging  Technologies:  Adoption  of  emerging  technologies,  such  as  Internet  of  Things  (IoT), 

artificial  intelligence  (AI),  and  blockchain,  may  introduce  new  cybersecurity  risks  and  vulnerabilities 

that  are  currently  being  assessed  prior  to  adoption.  Restrictions  on  blockchain  are  being  imposed  due 

to its unregulated position. In addition, AI is being adopted in the form of machine learning and pattern 

based recognition as opposed to generative AI due to concerns around open access to data and limited 

transparency of target destination of data storage.

The financial impact of cybersecurity incidents can be significant, encompassing direct costs associated with 

incident response, remediation, and recovery efforts, as well as indirect costs related to business interruption, legal 

fees, regulatory fines, and loss of market value. Cybersecurity incidents may also lead to increased insurance premiums 

Financial Impact

and decreased investor confidence.

Mitigation Efforts

The Company has implemented various measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks, including:

Implementing robust cybersecurity policies, procedures, and controls.

Investing in cybersecurity technologies, such as SIEM with associated SOC, firewalls, intrusion detection 

systems, and encryption solutions.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ITEM 16G.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We are a “foreign private issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws. As a result, we are permitted to 

follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to Bermuda requirements in lieu of certain Nasdaq corporate 

governance  rules. We  will  certify  to  Nasdaq  that  our  corporate  governance  practices  are  in  compliance  with,  and 

are not prohibited by, the laws of Bermuda. The corporate governance practices that we follow in lieu of Nasdaq’s 

corporate governance rules are as follows:

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(e)(1), which requires the director nomination process 

to  be  determined  by  a  majority  of  the  independent  directors  or  a  nominations  committee  comprised 

solely of independent directors, our nominating/governance committee (which is responsible for director 

nominations) consists of a majority of independent directors but does not consist solely of independent 

directors.

• 

In  lieu  of  the  requirement  to  comply  with  Rule  5605(d)(2),  which  requires  a  compensation  committee 

comprised  of  at  least  two  members,  each  of  whom  must  be  an  independent  director  as  defined  under 

Rule 5605(a)(2), our compensation committee consists of three members, two of which are independent, 

comprising a majority of independent directors, but it does not consist solely of independent directors. 

Given the size of the Company, we believe that the committee as currently composed is well situated and 

has access to the best information to make compensation decisions for the Company.

• 

In lieu of the requirement to comply with Rule 5605(b)(2), which requires regularly scheduled meetings 

at which only independent directors are present (“executive sessions”), we do not intend to have regularly 

scheduled executive sessions.

We intend to voluntarily comply with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements, including having a 

majority of independent directors and establishing compensation and nominating/governance committees of the board 

of directors, but we are not required to do so pursuant to Bermuda requirements and may cease doing so at any time as 

long as we maintain our status as a “foreign private issuer.”

ITEM 16I.  DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

ITEM 16H.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

ITEM 16J.  INSIDER TRADING POLICIES

Policy is filed as an exhibit to this annual report.

ITEM 16K.  CYBERSECURITY

The Company adopted its updated Insider Trading Policy on November 16, 2023. A copy of the Insider Trading 

We  maintain  a  robust  and  comprehensive  approach  to  cybersecurity  and  continuously  improve  its  focus  and 

approach. Cybersecurity encompasses the protection of information assets, systems, networks, and data from cyber 

threats, breaches, and unauthorized access. Cybersecurity plays a crucial role in safeguarding our intellectual property, 

sensitive  information,  and  financial  assets,  and  is  integral  to  maintaining  trust  and  confidence  among  customers, 

investors,  regulators,  and  other  stakeholders.  To  date,  we  have  not  suffered  any  material  cybersecurity  incidents 

requiring action or reporting to regulators.

Potential Cyber Risks

• 

Sophisticated Cyber Threats:  We face risks from increasingly sophisticated and evolving cyber threats, 

including malware, man in the middle, phishing attacks, ransomware, and social engineering techniques.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Operational  Disruption  Risk:  Cybersecurity  incidents,  such  as  ransomware  attacks,  distributed 
denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, or system outages, could disrupt the company’s operations and impact 
its ability to deliver products and services to customers. Operational disruptions may result in revenue 
loss, customer dissatisfaction, contractual penalties, and long-term reputational damage.

Data Breaches:  There is a risk of unauthorized access, disclosure, or theft of sensitive Company’s and 
customers’ data, which could result in financial losses, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties.

Third-Party  Risks:  Dependencies  on  third-party  vendors,  suppliers,  or  service  providers  expose  the 
Company  to  cybersecurity  risks,  including  supply  chain  attacks,  data  breaches,  and  vulnerabilities  in 
third-party systems.

Regulatory  Compliance:  Failure  to  comply  with  cybersecurity  regulations  and  standards,  such  as 
GDPR, SOX, and country specific regulatory requirements, may result in legal and financial consequences, 
including fines, penalties, and lawsuits.

Insider Threats:  Risks  from  insider  threats,  including  malicious  employees,  contractors,  or  business 
partners  with  access  to  sensitive  information,  pose  a  significant  cybersecurity  risk  to  the  Company’s 
operations and data security.

Legacy Systems and Infrastructure:  Legacy systems, outdated software, and inadequate cybersecurity 
controls increase the Company’s vulnerability to cyber threats, exploits, and security breaches.

Inadequate  or  insufficient  cyber  insurance  coverage  may  leave  the 
Cyber  Insurance  Coverage: 
Company  exposed  to  financial  losses  and  liabilities  resulting  from  cyber  incidents,  data  breaches,  and 
regulatory fines.

Geopolitical  and  Economic  Factors:  Risks  from  geopolitical  tensions,  economic  instability,  and 
regulatory changes may impact the Company’s cybersecurity posture, operations, and business continuity.

Cybersecurity Talent Shortage:  Difficulty in attracting, retaining, and training skilled cybersecurity 
professionals may hinder the Company’s ability to effectively mitigate cyber risks and respond to security 
incidents.

Cloud  Computing  Risks:  Reliance  on  cloud  computing  services  and  infrastructure  introduces  risks 
related to data security, privacy, compliance, and service availability.

Emerging  Technologies:  Adoption  of  emerging  technologies,  such  as  Internet  of  Things  (IoT), 
artificial  intelligence  (AI),  and  blockchain,  may  introduce  new  cybersecurity  risks  and  vulnerabilities 
that  are  currently  being  assessed  prior  to  adoption.  Restrictions  on  blockchain  are  being  imposed  due 
to its unregulated position. In addition, AI is being adopted in the form of machine learning and pattern 
based recognition as opposed to generative AI due to concerns around open access to data and limited 
transparency of target destination of data storage.

Financial Impact

The financial impact of cybersecurity incidents can be significant, encompassing direct costs associated with 
incident response, remediation, and recovery efforts, as well as indirect costs related to business interruption, legal 
fees, regulatory fines, and loss of market value. Cybersecurity incidents may also lead to increased insurance premiums 
and decreased investor confidence.

Mitigation Efforts

The Company has implemented various measures to mitigate cybersecurity risks, including:

• 

• 

Implementing robust cybersecurity policies, procedures, and controls.

Investing in cybersecurity technologies, such as SIEM with associated SOC, firewalls, intrusion detection 
systems, and encryption solutions.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          • 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Conducting regular cybersecurity risk assessments and vulnerability scans.

Employee Training and Awareness:

Providing cybersecurity awareness training for employees and contractors.

Developing  and  testing  incident  response  plans  to  ensure  timely  detection,  containment,  and  recovery 
from cybersecurity incidents.

Engaging with external cybersecurity experts, industry partners, and government agencies to share threat 
intelligence and best practices.

Alignment to new regulations such as DORA and Ops Resilience and identification of Important business 
services along with the corresponding measures required by IT to improve RTO and RPO (Recovery time 
objective and Recovery Point Objective).

Cybersecurity Governance

Our  cybersecurity  risks  management  and  related  governance  safeguards  and  oversight  include,  but  are  not 

limited to the following:

Board Oversight:

• 

• 

The board of directors is responsible for overall governance oversight in conjunction with the Group CISO 
overseeing cybersecurity risks and the establishment of cybersecurity governance policies.

The Group CTIO also acts at the Company’s CISO and is a Cybersecurity specialist supported by security 
engineers in the IT Department.

Executive Leadership:

Our executive leadership, including the CEO and other senior executives, are actively involved in cybersecurity 
governance  through  the  IT  Committee  (IT  Steerco)  lead  by  the  Group  CTIO. These  leaders  set  our  cybersecurity 
strategy, approve cybersecurity policies and procedures, and review cybersecurity risk assessments and incident reports. 
The  Group  CTIO  (Chief  Information  Security  Officer  (CISO))  is  also  responsible  for  implementing  cybersecurity 
measures and reporting to senior management and the board.

Cybersecurity Policies and Procedures:

The  Company  maintains  comprehensive  cybersecurity  policies  and  procedures  to  guide  its  cybersecurity 
efforts. These policies cover areas such as access controls, data encryption, incident response, employee training, and 
third-party risk management. Policies are regularly reviewed and updated to address emerging threats and changes in 
regulations or industry standards.

Risk Management Framework:

The Company follows a structured risk management framework to identify, assess, and mitigate cybersecurity 
risks. This framework includes risk assessments, threat intelligence analysis, vulnerability scanning, and penetration 
testing. Risks are prioritized based on their potential impact on our operations, reputation, and financial stability.

Compliance and Standards:

The  Company  complies  with  relevant  cybersecurity  regulations,  industry  standards,  and  best  practices. This 
includes compliance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), The Company also adheres to 
the cybersecurity framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and is also aligning to the 
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001. IGI’s cybersecurity practices are also reviewed as part of 
the annual SOX/ITGC process.

Our  employees  receive  regular  training  and  we  develop  awareness  programs  to  educate  employees  about 

cybersecurity  risks  and  best  practices. Training  covers  topics  such  as  phishing  awareness,  password  security,  data 

handling procedures, and incident reporting. Employees are encouraged to remain vigilant and report any suspicious 

activity promptly.

Third-Party Risk Management:

performance.

Incident Response Plan:

The  Company  assesses  and  manages  cybersecurity  risks  associated  with  third-party  vendors,  suppliers,  and 

service providers. This includes conducting due diligence on third-party cybersecurity practices, including contractual 

obligations  for  cybersecurity  controls,  incident  response  requirements,  and  ongoing  monitoring  of  third-party 

The  Company  maintains  a  robust  incident  response  plan  to  address  cybersecurity  incidents  promptly  and 

effectively.  The  plan  defines  roles  and  responsibilities  for  responding  to  incidents,  establishes  communication 

protocols, and outlines procedures for containing and mitigating the impact of incidents. The plan is regularly tested 

through tabletop exercises and incident simulations to ensure preparedness.

Performance Metrics and Reporting:

Key  performance  indicators  (KPIs)  are  used  to  measure  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  cybersecurity 

governance efforts. Metrics include, among others, the number of security incidents detected and resolved, average 

incident  response  times,  employee  compliance  with  cybersecurity  policies,  and  the  frequency  of  security  training 

sessions. Regular reporting to senior management and the board of directors ensures transparency and accountability 

regarding cybersecurity performance.

Continuous Improvement:

The  Company  is  committed  to  continuous  improvement  in  cybersecurity  governance. This  includes  ongoing 

reviews of cybersecurity policies and procedures, assessments of emerging threats and technologies, and investments 

in cybersecurity tools and capabilities. Lessons learned from cybersecurity incidents are used to inform improvements 

and enhance our overall cybersecurity posture.

This comprehensive overview of cybersecurity governance demonstrates IGI’s commitment and robust approach 

to managing cybersecurity risks effectively and safeguarding its information assets. It provides investors, regulators, 

and other stakeholders with confidence in the Company’s ability to navigate the complex and evolving cybersecurity 

landscape.

155

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Conducting regular cybersecurity risk assessments and vulnerability scans.

Employee Training and Awareness:

Providing cybersecurity awareness training for employees and contractors.

Developing  and  testing  incident  response  plans  to  ensure  timely  detection,  containment,  and  recovery 

Our  employees  receive  regular  training  and  we  develop  awareness  programs  to  educate  employees  about 
cybersecurity  risks  and  best  practices. Training  covers  topics  such  as  phishing  awareness,  password  security,  data 
handling procedures, and incident reporting. Employees are encouraged to remain vigilant and report any suspicious 
activity promptly.

Engaging with external cybersecurity experts, industry partners, and government agencies to share threat 

Third-Party Risk Management:

from cybersecurity incidents.

intelligence and best practices.

The  Company  assesses  and  manages  cybersecurity  risks  associated  with  third-party  vendors,  suppliers,  and 
service providers. This includes conducting due diligence on third-party cybersecurity practices, including contractual 
obligations  for  cybersecurity  controls,  incident  response  requirements,  and  ongoing  monitoring  of  third-party 
performance.

Incident Response Plan:

The  Company  maintains  a  robust  incident  response  plan  to  address  cybersecurity  incidents  promptly  and 
effectively.  The  plan  defines  roles  and  responsibilities  for  responding  to  incidents,  establishes  communication 
protocols, and outlines procedures for containing and mitigating the impact of incidents. The plan is regularly tested 
through tabletop exercises and incident simulations to ensure preparedness.

Performance Metrics and Reporting:

Key  performance  indicators  (KPIs)  are  used  to  measure  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  cybersecurity 
governance efforts. Metrics include, among others, the number of security incidents detected and resolved, average 
incident  response  times,  employee  compliance  with  cybersecurity  policies,  and  the  frequency  of  security  training 
sessions. Regular reporting to senior management and the board of directors ensures transparency and accountability 
regarding cybersecurity performance.

Continuous Improvement:

The  Company  is  committed  to  continuous  improvement  in  cybersecurity  governance. This  includes  ongoing 
reviews of cybersecurity policies and procedures, assessments of emerging threats and technologies, and investments 
in cybersecurity tools and capabilities. Lessons learned from cybersecurity incidents are used to inform improvements 
and enhance our overall cybersecurity posture.

This comprehensive overview of cybersecurity governance demonstrates IGI’s commitment and robust approach 
to managing cybersecurity risks effectively and safeguarding its information assets. It provides investors, regulators, 
and other stakeholders with confidence in the Company’s ability to navigate the complex and evolving cybersecurity 
landscape.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Alignment to new regulations such as DORA and Ops Resilience and identification of Important business 

services along with the corresponding measures required by IT to improve RTO and RPO (Recovery time 

objective and Recovery Point Objective).

Our  cybersecurity  risks  management  and  related  governance  safeguards  and  oversight  include,  but  are  not 

Cybersecurity Governance

limited to the following:

Board Oversight:

The board of directors is responsible for overall governance oversight in conjunction with the Group CISO 

overseeing cybersecurity risks and the establishment of cybersecurity governance policies.

The Group CTIO also acts at the Company’s CISO and is a Cybersecurity specialist supported by security 

engineers in the IT Department.

Executive Leadership:

Our executive leadership, including the CEO and other senior executives, are actively involved in cybersecurity 

governance  through  the  IT  Committee  (IT  Steerco)  lead  by  the  Group  CTIO. These  leaders  set  our  cybersecurity 

strategy, approve cybersecurity policies and procedures, and review cybersecurity risk assessments and incident reports. 

The  Group  CTIO  (Chief  Information  Security  Officer  (CISO))  is  also  responsible  for  implementing  cybersecurity 

measures and reporting to senior management and the board.

Cybersecurity Policies and Procedures:

The  Company  maintains  comprehensive  cybersecurity  policies  and  procedures  to  guide  its  cybersecurity 

efforts. These policies cover areas such as access controls, data encryption, incident response, employee training, and 

third-party risk management. Policies are regularly reviewed and updated to address emerging threats and changes in 

regulations or industry standards.

Risk Management Framework:

Compliance and Standards:

The Company follows a structured risk management framework to identify, assess, and mitigate cybersecurity 

risks. This framework includes risk assessments, threat intelligence analysis, vulnerability scanning, and penetration 

testing. Risks are prioritized based on their potential impact on our operations, reputation, and financial stability.

The  Company  complies  with  relevant  cybersecurity  regulations,  industry  standards,  and  best  practices. This 

includes compliance with laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), The Company also adheres to 

the cybersecurity framework of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and is also aligning to the 

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27001. IGI’s cybersecurity practices are also reviewed as part of 

the annual SOX/ITGC process.

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          PART III

ITEM 17.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See Item 18.

ITEM 18.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The financial statements of the Company are included in this annual report. Our financial statements are on 

pages F-1 to F-46.

ITEM 19.  EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.
1.1

1.2

2.1

2.5

4.1†

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description
Memorandum of Association of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s 
Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) filed with the SEC on December 9, 2019).
Amended  and  Restated  Bye-Laws  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  1.2  to  the 
Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 
2020).
Specimen  Common  Share  Certificate  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.4  to 
the  Company’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form F-4  (File  No. 333-235427)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
February 10, 2020).
Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 filed with the Company’s Annual 
Report filed on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on April 1, 2021).
Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among Tiberius Acquisition 
Corporation,  Lagniappe  Ventures  LLC  in  the  capacity  as  the  Purchaser  Representative  thereunder, 
International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.  and  Wasef  Jabsheh  in  the  capacity  as  the  Seller 
Representative thereunder, and the Company and Merger Sub pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Tiberius’s current report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the 
SEC on October 17, 2019).
First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2020 (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) 
filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020).
Letter Agreement,  dated  as  of  March 15,  2018,  by  and  between Tiberius,  its  officers,  directors  and 
Lagniappe Ventures  LLC  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to Tiberius’s  current  report  on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on March 21, 2018).
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018, among Tiberius, Lagniappe Ventures LLC 
and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Tiberius’s current report on 
Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on March 21, 2018).
Securities Subscription Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2015, between Tiberius and Lagniappe 
Ventures LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 
Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on February 20, 2018).
Form of Share Exchange Agreement by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, the shareholder of IGI Dubai 
party thereto as a Seller, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, and the 
Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Tiberius’s current 
report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).
Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Wasef 
Jabsheh as a Seller thereunder, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, 
and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Tiberius’s 
current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).
Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Argo Re 
Limited as a Seller thereunder, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, 
and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Tiberius’s 
current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

Description

Exhibit No.

4.9

Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Oman 

International  Development &  Investment  Company  SAOG  as  a  Seller  thereunder, Wasef  Jabsheh  in 

the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto 

(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Tiberius’s current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) 

filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

4.10

Non-Competition Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by Wasef Jabsheh in favor of and for the 

benefit of Tiberius, IGI Dubai, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company, and each of their respective 

present and future affiliates, successors and direct and indirect subsidiaries (incorporated by reference 

to  Exhibit  10.5  to  Tiberius’s  current  report  Form 8-K  (File  No. 001-38422)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 

October 17, 2019).

4.11

Letter Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among Lagniappe Ventures LLC, Tiberius, IGI 

Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh, Argo Re Limited and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company (incorporated 

by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Tiberius’s current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the 

SEC on October 17, 2019).

4.12

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2020, by and among the Company, Lagniappe 

Ventures LLC in the capacity as the Purchaser Representative, and the Sellers party thereto as “Investors” 

thereunder  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.13  to  the  Company’s  shell  company  report  on 

Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).

4.13

Forward Purchase Contract, dated as of November 9, 2017, between the Registrant and Church Mutual 

Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 

Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).

4.14

Forward  Purchase  Contract  dated  November 30,  2017  between  the  Registrant  and  Fayez  Sarofim 

(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.10  to  Tiberius’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form S-1 

(File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).

4.15

Forward Purchase Contract, dated as of January 19, 2018, between the Registrant and Imua T Capital 

Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 

Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).

4.16

Forward  Purchase  Contract,  dated  as  of  January 11,  2018,  between  the  Registrant  and  Peter  Wade 

(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.12  to  Tiberius’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form S-1 

(File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).

4.17

Amendment, dated as of March 17, 2020, to Registration Rights Agreement by and among Tiberius, the 

Company, Lagniappe Ventures LLC and the other “Holders” party thereto (incorporated by reference 

to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with 

the SEC on March 23, 2020).

4.18

Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, between Tiberius and the subscriber 

named therein (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Tiberius’s current report on Form 8-K 

(File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

4.19

Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, between Tiberius and each of Michael 

Gray, Andrew Poole and the Gray Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to 

Tiberius’s current report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

4.20

Letter Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2020, among Tiberius, the Sponsor, the Company and IGI 

Dubai (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Registration Statement on 

Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020).

4.21

Share  Transfer  Agreement,  dated  as  of  March 16,  2020,  among  Lagniappe  Ventures,  LLC,  Wasef 

Jabsheh, and International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 

to  the  Company’s  shell  company  report  on  Form 20-F  (File  No. 001-39255)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 

March 23, 2020).

2020).

4.22

2020  Omnibus  Incentive  Plan  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.26  to  the 

Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 

4.23

Form of Restricted Shares Agreement Pursuant to the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by 

reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) 

filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).

4.24

Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement Pursuant to the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by 

reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) 

filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).

157

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023ITEM 17.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

See Item 18.

ITEM 18.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

pages F-1 to F-46.

ITEM 19.  EXHIBITS

Exhibit No.

The financial statements of the Company are included in this annual report. Our financial statements are on 

1.1

1.2

2.1

2.5

4.1†

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

EXHIBIT INDEX

Description

Memorandum of Association of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s 

Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) filed with the SEC on December 9, 2019).

Amended  and  Restated  Bye-Laws  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  1.2  to  the 

Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 

Specimen  Common  Share  Certificate  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  4.4  to 

the  Company’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form F-4  (File  No. 333-235427)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 

2020).

February 10, 2020).

Description of Securities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.5 filed with the Company’s Annual 

Report filed on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on April 1, 2021).

Business Combination Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among Tiberius Acquisition 

Corporation,  Lagniappe  Ventures  LLC  in  the  capacity  as  the  Purchaser  Representative  thereunder, 

International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.  and  Wasef  Jabsheh  in  the  capacity  as  the  Seller 

Representative thereunder, and the Company and Merger Sub pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated 

by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Tiberius’s current report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the 

SEC on October 17, 2019).

First Amendment to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2020 (incorporated 

by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) 

filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020).

Letter Agreement,  dated  as  of  March 15,  2018,  by  and  between Tiberius,  its  officers,  directors  and 

Lagniappe Ventures  LLC  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.1  to Tiberius’s  current  report  on 

Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on March 21, 2018).

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 15, 2018, among Tiberius, Lagniappe Ventures LLC 

and the other parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Tiberius’s current report on 

Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on March 21, 2018).

Securities Subscription Agreement, dated as of December 30, 2015, between Tiberius and Lagniappe 

Ventures LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 

Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on February 20, 2018).

Form of Share Exchange Agreement by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, the shareholder of IGI Dubai 

party thereto as a Seller, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, and the 

Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Tiberius’s current 

report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Wasef 

Jabsheh as a Seller thereunder, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, 

and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Tiberius’s 

current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Argo Re 

Limited as a Seller thereunder, Wasef Jabsheh in the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, 

and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Tiberius’s 

current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).

PART III

Exhibit No.
4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

4.14

4.15

4.16

4.17

4.18

4.19

4.20

4.21

4.22

4.23

4.24

Description
Share Exchange Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among IGI Dubai, Tiberius, Oman 
International  Development &  Investment  Company  SAOG  as  a  Seller  thereunder, Wasef  Jabsheh  in 
the capacity as the Seller Representative thereunder, and the Company pursuant to a joinder thereto 
(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Tiberius’s current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) 
filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).
Non-Competition Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by Wasef Jabsheh in favor of and for the 
benefit of Tiberius, IGI Dubai, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company, and each of their respective 
present and future affiliates, successors and direct and indirect subsidiaries (incorporated by reference 
to  Exhibit  10.5  to  Tiberius’s  current  report  Form 8-K  (File  No. 001-38422)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
October 17, 2019).
Letter Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, by and among Lagniappe Ventures LLC, Tiberius, IGI 
Dubai, Wasef Jabsheh, Argo Re Limited and, pursuant to a joinder thereto, the Company (incorporated 
by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Tiberius’s current report Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the 
SEC on October 17, 2019).
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of March 17, 2020, by and among the Company, Lagniappe 
Ventures LLC in the capacity as the Purchaser Representative, and the Sellers party thereto as “Investors” 
thereunder  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.13  to  the  Company’s  shell  company  report  on 
Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
Forward Purchase Contract, dated as of November 9, 2017, between the Registrant and Church Mutual 
Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 
Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).
Forward  Purchase  Contract  dated  November 30,  2017  between  the  Registrant  and  Fayez  Sarofim 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.10  to  Tiberius’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form S-1 
(File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).
Forward Purchase Contract, dated as of January 19, 2018, between the Registrant and Imua T Capital 
Investments, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Tiberius’s Registration Statement on 
Form S-1 (File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).
Forward  Purchase  Contract,  dated  as  of  January 11,  2018,  between  the  Registrant  and  Peter  Wade 
(incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.12  to  Tiberius’s  Registration  Statement  on  Form S-1 
(File No. 333-223098) filed with the SEC on March 7, 2018).
Amendment, dated as of March 17, 2020, to Registration Rights Agreement by and among Tiberius, the 
Company, Lagniappe Ventures LLC and the other “Holders” party thereto (incorporated by reference 
to Exhibit 10.18 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with 
the SEC on March 23, 2020).
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, between Tiberius and the subscriber 
named therein (incorporated by reference to  Exhibit 10.12 to Tiberius’s  current report on Form 8-K 
(File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).
Form of Subscription Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2019, between Tiberius and each of Michael 
Gray, Andrew Poole and the Gray Insurance Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to 
Tiberius’s current report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-38422) filed with the SEC on October 17, 2019).
Letter Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2020, among Tiberius, the Sponsor, the Company and IGI 
Dubai (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s Registration Statement on 
Form F-4 (File No. 333-235427) filed with the SEC on February 18, 2020).
Share  Transfer  Agreement,  dated  as  of  March 16,  2020,  among  Lagniappe  Ventures,  LLC,  Wasef 
Jabsheh, and International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 
to  the  Company’s  shell  company  report  on  Form 20-F  (File  No. 001-39255)  filed  with  the  SEC  on 
March 23, 2020).
2020  Omnibus  Incentive  Plan  of  the  Company  (incorporated  by  reference  to  Exhibit  10.26  to  the 
Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 
2020).
Form of Restricted Shares Agreement Pursuant to the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.27 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) 
filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement Pursuant to the 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan (incorporated by 
reference to Exhibit 10.28 to the Company’s shell company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) 
filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).

157

158

180

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly 

caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this report on its behalf.

April 8, 2024

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL INSURANCE 

HOLDINGS LTD.

By:

/s/ Walid Jabsheh

Name: Walid Jabsheh

Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit No.
4.25

4.26*
8.1*
11.1*
12.1*

12.2*

13.1*
13.2*
15.1*
15.2*
97.1*
101.INS
101.SCH
101.CAL
101.DEF
101.LAB
101.PRE
104

Description
Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s shell 
company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).
Form of Employment Agreement of the Registrant’s senior executive officers.
List of Subsidiaries of the Company.
Insider Trading Policy of the Company adopted on November 16, 2023.
Certification  of  the  Principal  Executive  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule 13a-14(a) of  the  Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification  of  the  Principal  Financial  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule 13a-14(e) of  the  Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934.
Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350.
Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
Executive Compensation Clawback Policy of the Company adopted on November 30, 2023.
Inline XBRL Instance Document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* 
† 

Filed herewith
Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to the Instructions as to Exhibits of Form 20-F. The Registrant hereby 
agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the SEC upon request

159

160

181

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Exhibit No.

Description

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly 

caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this report on its behalf.

April 8, 2024

INTERNATIONAL GENERAL INSURANCE 
HOLDINGS LTD.

By:

/s/ Walid Jabsheh
Name: Walid Jabsheh
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer

4.25

4.26*

8.1*

11.1*

12.1*

12.2*

13.1*

13.2*

15.1*

15.2*

97.1*

101.INS

101.SCH

101.CAL

101.DEF

101.LAB

101.PRE

104

* 

† 

Form of Indemnification Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Company’s shell 

company report on Form 20-F (File No. 001-39255) filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020).

Form of Employment Agreement of the Registrant’s senior executive officers.

List of Subsidiaries of the Company.

Insider Trading Policy of the Company adopted on November 16, 2023.

Certification  of  the  Principal  Executive  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule 13a-14(a) of  the  Securities 

Certification  of  the  Principal  Financial  Officer  pursuant  to  Rule 13a-14(e) of  the  Securities 

Exchange Act of 1934.

Exchange Act of 1934.

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350.

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350.

Executive Compensation Clawback Policy of the Company adopted on November 30, 2023.

Inline XBRL Instance Document.

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

Filed herewith

Schedules to this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to the Instructions as to Exhibits of Form 20-F. The Registrant hereby 

agrees to furnish a copy of any omitted schedules to the SEC upon request

159

160

182

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 

and 2021 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 

2022 and 2021 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 � � � � � � 

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Page

F-2

F-3

F-4

F-5

F-6

F-7

F-9

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the 
Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

183

F-1

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 � � � � � � � � � 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 

and 2021 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2023, 

2022 and 2021 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 � � � � � � 
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Page
F-2
F-3
F-4

F-5

F-6
F-7
F-9

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

Consolidated Financial Statements

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the 

Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

F-1

184

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of  
International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International General Insurance Holdings 
Ltd� (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive 
income, changes in shareholders’ equity, cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 
and the related notes and financial statement schedules I and III (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial 
statements”)� In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 
position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each 
of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U�S� generally accepted accounting 
principles�

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management� Our responsibility is to express 
an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits� We are a public accounting firm registered with 
the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with 
respect to the Company in accordance with the U�S� federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 
the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB�

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB� Those  standards  require  that  we 
plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud� The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an 
audit of its internal control over financial reporting� As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding 
of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 
Company’s internal control over financial reporting� Accordingly, we express no such opinion�

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial 
statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks� Such procedures 
included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements� Our 
audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well 
as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements� We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis 
for our opinion�

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019�

London, United Kingdom 
8 April 2024

 International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As At December 31, 2023 and 2022

As At December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, “USD”, except share and per share data)

ASSETS

Investments

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 

USD 789,619 – 2023, USD 538,311 – 2022, net of allowance for expected 

credit losses: USD 353 – December 31, 2023, USD 195 – December 31, 

2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

765,590

489,081

Equity securities, at fair value (cost: USD 24,056 – 2023,  

USD 31,906 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

26,208

31,410

(USD 11,302 – 2023, USD 9,085 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

245,217

210,402

TOTAL ASSETS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

1,837,900

1,580,025

Other investments, at fair value (cost: USD 11,302 – 2023, 

USD 12,996 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Short-term investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Term deposits  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Equity-method investments measured at fair value  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Fixed maturity securities held to maturity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total investments� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Cash and cash equivalents � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Accrued investment income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Premiums receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses 

Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance for expected credit losses 

(USD 4,034 – 2023, USD 3,954 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Ceded unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commission  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Deferred tax assets, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

LIABILITIES

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Insurance and reinsurance payables  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Derivative financial liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 11)

SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common shares (authorized: 750,000,000 shares at USD 0�01 par value  

per share; issued and outstanding: 44,500,879 shares – 2023, 

46,013,309 shares – 2022)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Additional paid-in capital � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Treasury shares (3,800 shares–2023, 1,668 shares–2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Retained earnings � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

11,060

42,157

105,137

3,522

1,994

955,668

177,022

11,471

223,083

98,013

65,272

4,157

57,997

712,098

443,525

89,704

34,853

17,290

12,237

265,691

31,335

4,907

1,994

836,655

122,143

6,301

194,412

94,409

57,941

5,788

51,974

636,245

389,860

90,354

28,821

23,805

445

137,623

(49)

(20,638)

423,049

540,430

460

147,934

(14)

(44,044)

306,604

410,940

TOTAL LIABILITIES � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

1,297,470

1,169,085

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

1,837,900

1,580,025

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-2

F-3

185

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of  

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International General Insurance Holdings 

Ltd� (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive 

income, changes in shareholders’ equity, cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, 

and the related notes and financial statement schedules I and III (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial 

statements”)� In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial 

position of the Company at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each 

of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U�S� generally accepted accounting 

principles�

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management� Our responsibility is to express 

an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits� We are a public accounting firm registered with 

the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with 

respect to the Company in accordance with the U�S� federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of 

the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB�

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB� Those  standards  require  that  we 

plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material 

misstatement, whether due to error or fraud� The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an 

audit of its internal control over financial reporting� As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding 

of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the 

Company’s internal control over financial reporting� Accordingly, we express no such opinion�

Our  audits  included  performing  procedures  to  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  financial 

statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks� Such procedures 

included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements� Our 

audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well 

as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements� We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis 

for our opinion�

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

London, United Kingdom 

8 April 2024

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2019�

 International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
As At December 31, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, “USD”, except share and per share data)
ASSETS
Investments

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost: 

USD 789,619 – 2023, USD 538,311 – 2022, net of allowance for expected 
credit losses: USD 353 – December 31, 2023, USD 195 – December 31, 
2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Equity securities, at fair value (cost: USD 24,056 – 2023,  

As At December 31,

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

765,590

489,081

USD 31,906 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

26,208

31,410

Other investments, at fair value (cost: USD 11,302 – 2023, 

USD 12,996 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Short-term investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Term deposits  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Equity-method investments measured at fair value  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Fixed maturity securities held to maturity  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total investments� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Cash and cash equivalents � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accrued investment income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Premiums receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses 

11,060
42,157
105,137
3,522
1,994
955,668
177,022
11,471

12,237
265,691
31,335
4,907
1,994
836,655
122,143
6,301

(USD 11,302 – 2023, USD 9,085 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

245,217

210,402

Reinsurance recoverable, net of allowance for expected credit losses 

(USD 4,034 – 2023, USD 3,954 – 2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Ceded unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commission  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred tax assets, net � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL ASSETS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

LIABILITIES
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Insurance and reinsurance payables  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Derivative financial liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL LIABILITIES � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
COMMITMENT AND CONTINGENCIES (NOTE 11)
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common shares (authorized: 750,000,000 shares at USD 0�01 par value  

per share; issued and outstanding: 44,500,879 shares – 2023, 
46,013,309 shares – 2022)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Additional paid-in capital � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Treasury shares (3,800 shares–2023, 1,668 shares–2022) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Retained earnings � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

223,083
98,013
65,272
4,157
57,997
1,837,900

712,098
443,525
89,704
34,853
17,290
1,297,470

194,412
94,409
57,941
5,788
51,974
1,580,025

636,245
389,860
90,354
28,821
23,805
1,169,085

445
137,623
(49)
(20,638)
423,049
540,430
1,837,900

460
147,934
(14)
(44,044)
306,604
410,940
1,580,025

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-2

F-3

186

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.           International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Net income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

118,194

89,234

46,814

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Change in unrealized gains or losses in investments  � � � � � � � � �

Foreign currency translation adjustment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total comprehensive income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

23,379

27

23,406

141,600

(49,073)

(57)

(49,130)

40,104

(9,979)

(16)

(9,995)

36,819

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

 International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, “USD”, except per share data)
REVENUES:
Gross written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Ceded written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net change in unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net premiums earned  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Investment income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net realized gain (loss) on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments � � �
Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  � � � � � � � � � �
Other revenues  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total revenues  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

EXPENSES:
Net loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net policy acquisition expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
General and administrative expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables  � � �
Other expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Income before income taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Income tax expense � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  � � � � � � � � �
Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders � � � � � � � �

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

688,678
(191,465)
497,213
(50,061)
447,152
40,460
6,723
2,684
368
(27,289)
1,862
471,960

(189,087)
(74,976)
(78,927)
(2,452)
(5,594)
5,124
(345,912)
126,048
(7,854)
118,194

2.58
2.55

581,983
(189,158)
392,825
(16,434)
376,391
20,947
(687)
(5,512)
(361)
4,603
2,442
397,823

(157,562)
(70,199)
(67,243)
(3,238)
(3,961)
(3,454)
(305,657)
92,166
(2,932)
89,234

1�85
1�84

537,236
(157,923)
379,313
(42,682)
336,631
14,487
308
(3,709)
(66)
670
2,056
350,377

(173,039)
(59,622)
(58,228)
(3,262)
(4,230)
(3,368)
(301,749)
48,628
(1,814)
46,814

0�98
0�98

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-4

F-5

187

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023 International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

 International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

2021
USD ’000

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

(Expressed in thousands of U.S. Dollars, “USD”, except per share data)

USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,

2023

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

REVENUES:

Gross written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Ceded written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net written premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net change in unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net premiums earned  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Investment income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net realized gain (loss) on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments � � �

Change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities  � � � � � � � � � �

Other revenues  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total revenues  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

EXPENSES:

Net loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net policy acquisition expenses � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

General and administrative expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables  � � �

Other expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net foreign exchange gain (loss)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Income before income taxes � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Income tax expense � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share attributable to equity holders  � � � � � � � � �

Diluted earnings per share attributable to equity holders � � � � � � � �

688,678

(191,465)

497,213

(50,061)

447,152

40,460

6,723

2,684

368

(27,289)

1,862

471,960

(189,087)

(74,976)

(78,927)

(2,452)

(5,594)

5,124

(345,912)

126,048

(7,854)

118,194

2.58

2.55

581,983

(189,158)

392,825

(16,434)

376,391

20,947

(687)

(5,512)

(361)

4,603

2,442

397,823

(157,562)

(70,199)

(67,243)

(3,238)

(3,961)

(3,454)

92,166

(2,932)

89,234

1�85

1�84

537,236

(157,923)

379,313

(42,682)

336,631

14,487

308

(3,709)

(66)

670

2,056

350,377

(173,039)

(59,622)

(58,228)

(3,262)

(4,230)

(3,368)

48,628

(1,814)

46,814

0�98

0�98

(305,657)

(301,749)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

Net income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes:

Change in unrealized gains or losses in investments  � � � � � � � � �
Foreign currency translation adjustment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other comprehensive income (loss) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total comprehensive income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

118,194

89,234

46,814

23,379
27
23,406
141,600

(49,073)
(57)
(49,130)
40,104

(9,979)
(16)
(9,995)
36,819

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-4

F-5

188

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Common
shares at
par value
USD ’000

Additional
paid-in
capital
USD ’000

Treasury
shares
USD ’000

Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
USD ’000

As at January 1, 2021 � � � � � � � 
Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Other comprehensive loss � � � � � 
Total comprehensive income � � � 
Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 
compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 

Dividends paid (USD 0�33 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2021  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Other comprehensive loss � � � � � 
Total comprehensive income � � � 
Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 
compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 
Purchase of treasury shares � � � � 
Cancellation of treasury  

shares  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Dividends paid (USD 0�22 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2022  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Other comprehensive income � � 
Total comprehensive income � � � 
Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 
compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 
Purchase of treasury shares � � � � 
Cancellation of treasury  

shares  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Vesting of Earnout Shares � � � � � 
Dividends paid (USD 0�04 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2023  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

456
—
—
—

3

—

146,825
—
—
—

1,190

—

459

148,015

—
—
—

4
—

(3)

—

—
—
—

—

2,296
—

—
(2,394)

(2,377)

2,380

—
—
—
—

—

—

—

—
—
—

—

(14)

—
—
—

—
(31,090)

31,055
—

—

(49)

460

147,934

—
—
—

5
—

(34)
14

—

445

—
—
—

3,244
—

(31,021)
17,466

—

137,623

Retained
earnings
USD ’000

195,836
46,814
—
46,814

Total
Shareholders’
Equity
USD ’000

358,198
46,814
(9,995)
36,819

—

1,193

(15,128)

(15,128)

15,081
—
(9,995)
(9,995)

—

—

5,086

227,522

381,082

—
(49,130)
(49,130)

89,234
—
89,234

89,234
(49,130)
40,104

2,300
(2,394)

—

118,194
23,406
141,600

3,249
(31,090)

—
17,480

—
—

—

—
—

—
—

(10,152)

(10,152)

(44,044)

306,604

410,940

—
23,406
23,406

118,194
—
118,194

—
—

—

—

—
—

—
—

—

(20,638)

423,049

540,430

(1,749)

(1,749)

maturity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

526

312

169

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-6

F-7

189

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

Net income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

118,194

89,234

46,814

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by 

operating activities

Depreciation and amortization � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Deferred tax expense (benefit) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment  � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net realized (gain) loss on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net unrealized (gain) loss on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments � � �

Change in fair value of derivative financial liability  � � � � � � � � � � �

Share-based compensation expense  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Leases expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Amortization of net premium on investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Tax adjustment due to US GAAP conversion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in:

Premiums receivable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Reinsurance recoverables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Ceded unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commission  � � � �

Accrued investment income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � �

Unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Insurance and reinsurance payables  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Operating lease liabilities payments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

2,546

1,441

(89)

(6,723)

(2,684)

(368)

27,289

3,249

771

2,083

(1,949)

(34,815)

(28,671)

(3,604)

(7,331)

(4,909)

(1,809)

75,853

53,665

(650)

(913)

6,032

3,082

(307)

112

687

5,512

361

(4,603)

2,300

963

2,191

665

(8,625)

(3,857)

(9,046)

(1,174)

(831)

(2,144)

58,598

25,480

(2,516)

(1,035)

(170)

2,771

(462)

10

(308)

3,709

66

(670)

1,193

1,047

1,703

138

(18,818)

17,140

(8,254)

(9,514)

(492)

499

79,065

50,650

2,167

(781)

7,619

Net cash provided by operating activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

196,608

154,877

175,292

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Purchase of equity securities and other investments � � � � � � � � � � � �

Purchase of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale � � � � � � � � �

(17,368)

(313,002)

(1,607)

(189,832)

(5,212)

(160,299)

Proceeds from maturity of fixed maturity securities held to 

Proceeds from sale/maturity of fixed maturity securities 

available-for-sale � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Proceeds from sale of equity securities and other investments � � � �

Purchases of property and equipment and Intangible assets � � � � � �

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in term deposits � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Change in short-term investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Acquisition of a subsidiary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net cash used in investing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

59,031

34,976

(3,248)

89

(73,802)

223,534

(1,101)

(90,365)

60,972

1,413

(1,275)

543

12,353

(129,413)

—

116,697

6,349

(2,381)

1,120

(4,986)

(2,768)

(146)

(246,534)

(51,457)

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

2021
USD ’000

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

459

148,015

5,086

227,522

381,082

Common

shares at

par value

USD ’000

Additional

paid-in

capital

USD ’000

146,825

Accumulated

other

comprehensive

income (loss)

USD ’000

Treasury

shares

USD ’000

As at January 1, 2021 � � � � � � � 

Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Other comprehensive loss � � � � � 

Total comprehensive income � � � 

Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 

compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 

Dividends paid (USD 0�33 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2021  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Other comprehensive loss � � � � � 

Total comprehensive income � � � 

Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 

compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 

Purchase of treasury shares � � � � 

Cancellation of treasury  

shares  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Dividends paid (USD 0�22 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2022  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Net Income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Other comprehensive income � � 

Total comprehensive income � � � 

Issuance of common shares 

under share-based 

compensation plan  � � � � � � � � 

Purchase of treasury shares � � � � 

Cancellation of treasury  

shares  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Vesting of Earnout Shares � � � � � 

Dividends paid (USD 0�04 per 

share)  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Balance as at December 31, 

2023  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

1,190

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2,296

—

(2,394)

(2,377)

2,380

(31,090)

31,055

3,244

—

(31,021)

17,466

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(14)

456

—

—

—

3

—

—

—

—

4

—

(3)

—

—

—

—

5

—

(34)

14

—

445

Retained

earnings

USD ’000

195,836

46,814

—

46,814

Total

Shareholders’

Equity

USD ’000

358,198

46,814

(9,995)

36,819

15,081

—

(9,995)

(9,995)

—

1,193

(15,128)

(15,128)

(49,130)

(49,130)

89,234

—

89,234

89,234

(49,130)

40,104

2,300

(2,394)

—

118,194

23,406

141,600

3,249

(31,090)

—

17,480

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

460

147,934

(44,044)

306,604

410,940

(10,152)

(10,152)

—

23,406

23,406

118,194

—

118,194

137,623

(49)

(20,638)

423,049

540,430

(1,749)

(1,749)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by 

operating activities

Depreciation and amortization � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred tax expense (benefit) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
(Gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment  � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net realized (gain) loss on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net unrealized (gain) loss on investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments � � �
Change in fair value of derivative financial liability  � � � � � � � � � � �
Share-based compensation expense  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Leases expenses  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Amortization of net premium on investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Tax adjustment due to US GAAP conversion � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in:
Premiums receivable � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Reinsurance recoverables � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Ceded unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Deferred policy acquisition costs, net of ceding commission  � � � �
Accrued investment income � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other assets � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses � � � � � � � � � �
Unearned premiums � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Insurance and reinsurance payables  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Operating lease liabilities payments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other liabilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash provided by operating activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of equity securities and other investments � � � � � � � � � � � �
Purchase of fixed maturity securities available-for-sale � � � � � � � � �
Proceeds from maturity of fixed maturity securities held to 

maturity � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Proceeds from sale/maturity of fixed maturity securities 

available-for-sale � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Proceeds from sale of equity securities and other investments � � � �
Purchases of property and equipment and Intangible assets � � � � � �
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in term deposits � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Change in short-term investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Acquisition of a subsidiary � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash used in investing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

118,194

89,234

46,814

2,546
1,441
(89)
(6,723)
(2,684)
(368)
27,289
3,249
771
2,083
(1,949)

(34,815)
(28,671)
(3,604)
(7,331)
(4,909)
(1,809)
75,853
53,665
(650)
(913)
6,032
196,608

3,082
(307)
112
687
5,512
361
(4,603)
2,300
963
2,191
665

(8,625)
(3,857)
(9,046)
(1,174)
(831)
(2,144)
58,598
25,480
(2,516)
(1,035)
(170)
154,877

2,771
(462)
10
(308)
3,709
66
(670)
1,193
1,047
1,703
138

(18,818)
17,140
(8,254)
(9,514)
(492)
499
79,065
50,650
2,167
(781)
7,619
175,292

(17,368)
(313,002)

(1,607)
(189,832)

(5,212)
(160,299)

526

312

169

59,031
34,976
(3,248)
89
(73,802)
223,534
(1,101)
(90,365)

60,972
1,413
(1,275)
543
12,353
(129,413)
—
(246,534)

116,697
6,349
(2,381)
1,120
(4,986)
(2,768)
(146)
(51,457)

F-6

F-7

190

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          2021
USD ’000

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  ORGANIZATION

International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.  (“the  Company”)  is  an  exempted  limited  liability  company 

registered  and  incorporated  in  Bermuda  under  the  Companies Act  of  1981  on  October  28,  2019. The  Company’s 

registered office is at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton, HM11, Bermuda.

The  principal  activities  of  the  Company  are  to  primarily  provide  insurance  and  reinsurance  on  a  worldwide 

basis through its principal wholly owned subsidiaries and branches, including International General Insurance Co. 

Ltd,  International  General  Insurance  Company  (UK)  Ltd,  International  General  Insurance  Company  (Europe)  SE, 

International  General  Insurance  Company  (Dubai)  Ltd,  IGI  Nordic  AS  and  International  General  Insurance  Co. 

Ltd — Labuan Branch. The Company and its subsidiaries operate in Bermuda, United Kingdom, Jordan, Morocco, 

Malaysia, Malta, Norway, United Arab Emirates and the Cayman Islands. International General Insurance Holdings 

Ltd. and its subsidiaries and branches are collectively referred to hereinafter as the Company or the Group.

On  March  17,  2020,  the  definitive  business  agreement  (the  “Business  Combination”)  between  International 

General Insurance Holdings Limited — Dubai (“IGI”) and Tiberius Acquisition Corp. (NASDAQ: TIBR) (“Tiberius”), 

a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, and certain related parties, was effective. As a result of the 

completion of the Business Combination, the Company became a new public company listed on the Nasdaq Capital 

Market under the symbol “IGIC” and owned by the former stockholders of Tiberius and the former shareholders of IGI 

and each of IGI and Tiberius became the Company’s subsidiaries.

The  transaction  was  accounted  for  as  a  reverse  recapitalization  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles 

generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America  (“U.S.  GAAP”).  Under  this  method  of  accounting,  while  the 

Company is the legal acquirer of both IGI and Tiberius, IGI has been identified as the accounting acquirer of Tiberius 

for accounting purposes.

On March 25, 2023, the Group completed the acquisition of Energy Insurance Oslo AS, a Norwegian managing 

general agency that the Group has had an exclusive underwriting arrangement with since 2009. The Company was 

renamed IGI Nordic AS and will broaden the Group’s presence in the Nordic markets across various business lines. 

The purchase consideration as well as the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities are not material to 

the Group.

Basis of presentation

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) 

accepted by the International Accounting Standards Board to U.S. GAAP. The accompanying consolidated financial 

statements and notes thereto, including all prior periods presented, have been presented under U.S. GAAP.

Any  references  in  these  notes  to  applicable  accounting  guidance  are  meant  to  refer  to  the  authoritative 

U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 

of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  International  General  Insurance 

Holdings Ltd. and its subsidiaries and have been presented in United States Dollars (“USD”) which is also the Group’s 

functional currency. All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains and losses on transactions between 

Group companies are eliminated in full.

FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Dividends paid  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Repurchase of common shares under share repurchase program � �
Warrants redemption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Net cash flows used in financing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
NET CHANGE IN CASH, AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

AND RESTRICTED CASH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of 

(1,749)
(31,090)
(16,324)
(49,163)

(10,152)
(2,394)
—
(12,546)

(15,128)
—
—
(15,128)

57,080

(104,203)

108,707

the year � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

137,943

242,146

133,439

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH 

AT THE END OF THE YEAR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

195,023

137,943

242,146

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:
Income tax paid � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

(6,635)

(2,760)

(2,328)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

F-8

F-9

191

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd�

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — (Continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Dividends paid  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Repurchase of common shares under share repurchase program � �

Warrants redemption � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Net cash flows used in financing activities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

NET CHANGE IN CASH, AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

(1,749)

(31,090)

(16,324)

(49,163)

(10,152)

(2,394)

—

(15,128)

—

—

(12,546)

(15,128)

AND RESTRICTED CASH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

57,080

(104,203)

108,707

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of 

the year � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

137,943

242,146

133,439

CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH 

AT THE END OF THE YEAR � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

195,023

137,943

242,146

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

Income tax paid � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

(6,635)

(2,760)

(2,328)

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.  ORGANIZATION

International  General  Insurance  Holdings  Ltd.  (“the  Company”)  is  an  exempted  limited  liability  company 
registered  and  incorporated  in  Bermuda  under  the  Companies Act  of  1981  on  October  28,  2019. The  Company’s 
registered office is at Clarendon House, 2 Church Street, Hamilton, HM11, Bermuda.

The  principal  activities  of  the  Company  are  to  primarily  provide  insurance  and  reinsurance  on  a  worldwide 
basis through its principal wholly owned subsidiaries and branches, including International General Insurance Co. 
Ltd,  International  General  Insurance  Company  (UK)  Ltd,  International  General  Insurance  Company  (Europe)  SE, 
International  General  Insurance  Company  (Dubai)  Ltd,  IGI  Nordic  AS  and  International  General  Insurance  Co. 
Ltd — Labuan Branch. The Company and its subsidiaries operate in Bermuda, United Kingdom, Jordan, Morocco, 
Malaysia, Malta, Norway, United Arab Emirates and the Cayman Islands. International General Insurance Holdings 
Ltd. and its subsidiaries and branches are collectively referred to hereinafter as the Company or the Group.

On  March  17,  2020,  the  definitive  business  agreement  (the  “Business  Combination”)  between  International 
General Insurance Holdings Limited — Dubai (“IGI”) and Tiberius Acquisition Corp. (NASDAQ: TIBR) (“Tiberius”), 
a publicly traded special purpose acquisition company, and certain related parties, was effective. As a result of the 
completion of the Business Combination, the Company became a new public company listed on the Nasdaq Capital 
Market under the symbol “IGIC” and owned by the former stockholders of Tiberius and the former shareholders of IGI 
and each of IGI and Tiberius became the Company’s subsidiaries.

The  transaction  was  accounted  for  as  a  reverse  recapitalization  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles 
generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  of America  (“U.S.  GAAP”).  Under  this  method  of  accounting,  while  the 
Company is the legal acquirer of both IGI and Tiberius, IGI has been identified as the accounting acquirer of Tiberius 
for accounting purposes.

On March 25, 2023, the Group completed the acquisition of Energy Insurance Oslo AS, a Norwegian managing 
general agency that the Group has had an exclusive underwriting arrangement with since 2009. The Company was 
renamed IGI Nordic AS and will broaden the Group’s presence in the Nordic markets across various business lines. 
The purchase consideration as well as the amounts recognized for assets acquired and liabilities are not material to 
the Group.

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of presentation

Effective January 1, 2023, the Company transitioned from International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) 
accepted by the International Accounting Standards Board to U.S. GAAP. The accompanying consolidated financial 
statements and notes thereto, including all prior periods presented, have been presented under U.S. GAAP.

Any  references  in  these  notes  to  applicable  accounting  guidance  are  meant  to  refer  to  the  authoritative 
U.S. GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) 
of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

The  consolidated  financial  statements  comprise  the  financial  statements  of  International  General  Insurance 
Holdings Ltd. and its subsidiaries and have been presented in United States Dollars (“USD”) which is also the Group’s 
functional currency. All intercompany transactions, balances and unrealized gains and losses on transactions between 
Group companies are eliminated in full.

F-8

F-9

192

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP required management 
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent 
assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during 
the  reporting  period. Actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  those  estimates  and  assumptions. The  Company’s 
principal estimates include:

• 

• 

• 

• 

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses;

Premiums representing amounts due on business written but not yet reported;

Allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  on  premiums  receivable,  reinsurance  recoverables  and  certain 
investments including available-for-sale fixed maturity securities;

Fair value measurements of certain financial assets and financial liabilities.

(a) 

Investments

Investments in fixed maturity investments include corporate and government bonds. Equity securities include 

common stock. Other investments consist of mutual funds.

The  Group  currently  classifies  substantially  all  of  its  fixed  maturity  investments  as  “available-for-sale”  and, 
accordingly, they are carried at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded as an unrealized gain or loss component 
of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  in  shareholders’  equity. The  fair  value  of  fixed  maturity  securities  is 
generally determined from quotations received from nationally recognized pricing services, or when such prices are 
not available, by valuation performed by independent third-party valuation service providers. Upon derecognition, the 
cumulative fair value change recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to the consolidated statement of 
income. Realized gains and losses on disposition of investments are based on specific identification of the investments 
sold on the trade date.

Investments in fixed maturity investments held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when the Group has the 
ability and positive intent to hold these securities until maturity. When the Group do not have the ability or positive 
intent to hold bonds until maturity, these securities are classified as available-for-sale.

Interest  income  is  recognized  using  the  effective  interest  method  and  reflects  amortization  of  premium  and 
accretion  of  discount.  Premiums  and  discounts  arising  from  the  purchase  of  bonds  classified  as  available-for-sale 
are treated as adjustments to effective interest rate over their estimated holding periods, until maturity, or call date, if 
applicable.

The Group periodically reviews its investments to identify and evaluate credit based impairments related to the 
Company’s available-for-sale investments. The estimated credit losses are calculated by comparing expected future 
cash  flows  to  be  collected  to  the  amortized  cost  of  the  security.  Estimates  of  expected  future  cash  flows  consider 
among other things, macroeconomic conditions as well as the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects 
for the issuer, and the likelihood of the recoverability of principal and interest.

The Group recognises expected credit losses on available-for-sale securities through an allowance account. For 
available-for-sale securities that the Group does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not it will not be 
required to sell prior to the anticipated recovery in value, the credit component of the impairment is separated from 
the component related to all other market factors and reported in Change in allowance for expected credit losses on 
investments in the consolidated statements of income. The impairment related to all other market factors is reported 
as a fair value movement in a separate component of shareholder’s equity in other comprehensive income (loss). The 
expected credit loss allowance account is adjusted for any additional credit losses or subsequent recoveries and the cost 
basis of the fixed maturity security is not adjusted.

For impaired available-for-sale securities that the Group intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not 

that it will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the full amount of the impairment is recognised 

in Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments in the consolidated statement of income and the cost 

basis of the fixed maturity security is adjusted to reflect the recognised realized loss. The new cost basis is not adjusted 

for any recoveries in fair value.

The Group reports accrued investment income separately from fixed maturity securities and has elected to not 

measure an allowance for expected credit losses for accrued investment income. The write-off of investment income 

accrued for fixed maturities that are in arrears for more than 30 days on interest payments is recognized as a loss in net 

realized investment gains (losses), in the period of the default, in the consolidated statement of income.

Investments in equity securities may be accounted for using (i) the fair value option if elected, (ii) fair value 

through earnings if fair value is readily determinable or (iii) for equity investments without readily determinable fair 

values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as 

applicable. The election to use the measurement alternative is made for each eligible investment.

The Group’s investment portfolio includes equity securities and other investments that are accounted for at fair 

value. Such holdings primarily include publicly traded common stocks and funds. Dividend income on equities and 

other investments is reflected in investment income. Changes in fair value on equity securities and other investments 

are included in “Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments” in the consolidated statements of income.

Under  the  fair  value  option,  we  may  elect  to  measure  at  fair  value  equity  method  investments  that  are  not 

otherwise required to be carried at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are reported in 

earnings. The Company has elected the fair value option to account for certain equity method investments in which the 

Company has significant influence. The Company believes the fair value option best reflects the underlying economics 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank balances, short-term deposits, and highly liquid investments 

with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject 

of the investment.

(b)  Cash and cash equivalents

to insignificant risk of changes in fair value.

(c)  Term deposits

(d)  Short-term Investments

(e)  Restricted Cash

balance sheets.

(f)  Receivables

The term deposits are interest bearing bank deposits held with foreign banks and have original maturities over 

12 months and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

Short-term investments include term deposits that have original maturities greater than three months but less 

than one year at the date of purchase. These are carried at amortised cost, which approximates fair value.

Restricted cash represents amounts held for the benefit of third parties or is legally or contractually restricted as 

to withdrawal or usage by the Company. Such amounts are included in “Other assets” on the Company’s consolidated 

Insurance receivables are recognized when due and are measured on initial recognition at the face value of the 

consideration to be received net of any allowance for expected credit losses. The Group monitors credit risk associated 

with premiums receivable through its ongoing review of amounts outstanding, aging of the receivable, historical loss 

F-10

F-11

193

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP required management 

to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent 

assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during 

the  reporting  period. Actual  results  could  differ  materially  from  those  estimates  and  assumptions. The  Company’s 

principal estimates include:

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses;

Premiums representing amounts due on business written but not yet reported;

Allowance  for  expected  credit  losses  on  premiums  receivable,  reinsurance  recoverables  and  certain 

investments including available-for-sale fixed maturity securities;

Fair value measurements of certain financial assets and financial liabilities.

Use of estimates

• 

• 

• 

• 

(a) 

Investments

Investments in fixed maturity investments include corporate and government bonds. Equity securities include 

common stock. Other investments consist of mutual funds.

The  Group  currently  classifies  substantially  all  of  its  fixed  maturity  investments  as  “available-for-sale”  and, 

accordingly, they are carried at fair value with the changes in fair value recorded as an unrealized gain or loss component 

of  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  in  shareholders’  equity. The  fair  value  of  fixed  maturity  securities  is 

generally determined from quotations received from nationally recognized pricing services, or when such prices are 

not available, by valuation performed by independent third-party valuation service providers. Upon derecognition, the 

cumulative fair value change recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to the consolidated statement of 

income. Realized gains and losses on disposition of investments are based on specific identification of the investments 

sold on the trade date.

Investments in fixed maturity investments held to maturity are carried at amortized cost when the Group has the 

ability and positive intent to hold these securities until maturity. When the Group do not have the ability or positive 

intent to hold bonds until maturity, these securities are classified as available-for-sale.

Interest  income  is  recognized  using  the  effective  interest  method  and  reflects  amortization  of  premium  and 

accretion  of  discount.  Premiums  and  discounts  arising  from  the  purchase  of  bonds  classified  as  available-for-sale 

are treated as adjustments to effective interest rate over their estimated holding periods, until maturity, or call date, if 

applicable.

The Group periodically reviews its investments to identify and evaluate credit based impairments related to the 

Company’s available-for-sale investments. The estimated credit losses are calculated by comparing expected future 

cash  flows  to  be  collected  to  the  amortized  cost  of  the  security.  Estimates  of  expected  future  cash  flows  consider 

among other things, macroeconomic conditions as well as the financial condition, near-term and long-term prospects 

for the issuer, and the likelihood of the recoverability of principal and interest.

The Group recognises expected credit losses on available-for-sale securities through an allowance account. For 

available-for-sale securities that the Group does not intend to sell or for which it is more likely than not it will not be 

required to sell prior to the anticipated recovery in value, the credit component of the impairment is separated from 

the component related to all other market factors and reported in Change in allowance for expected credit losses on 

investments in the consolidated statements of income. The impairment related to all other market factors is reported 

as a fair value movement in a separate component of shareholder’s equity in other comprehensive income (loss). The 

expected credit loss allowance account is adjusted for any additional credit losses or subsequent recoveries and the cost 

basis of the fixed maturity security is not adjusted.

For impaired available-for-sale securities that the Group intends to sell or for which it is more likely than not 
that it will be required to sell before an anticipated recovery in value, the full amount of the impairment is recognised 
in Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments in the consolidated statement of income and the cost 
basis of the fixed maturity security is adjusted to reflect the recognised realized loss. The new cost basis is not adjusted 
for any recoveries in fair value.

The Group reports accrued investment income separately from fixed maturity securities and has elected to not 
measure an allowance for expected credit losses for accrued investment income. The write-off of investment income 
accrued for fixed maturities that are in arrears for more than 30 days on interest payments is recognized as a loss in net 
realized investment gains (losses), in the period of the default, in the consolidated statement of income.

Investments in equity securities may be accounted for using (i) the fair value option if elected, (ii) fair value 
through earnings if fair value is readily determinable or (iii) for equity investments without readily determinable fair 
values, the measurement alternative to measure at cost adjusted for any impairment and observable price changes, as 
applicable. The election to use the measurement alternative is made for each eligible investment.

The Group’s investment portfolio includes equity securities and other investments that are accounted for at fair 
value. Such holdings primarily include publicly traded common stocks and funds. Dividend income on equities and 
other investments is reflected in investment income. Changes in fair value on equity securities and other investments 
are included in “Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments” in the consolidated statements of income.

Under  the  fair  value  option,  we  may  elect  to  measure  at  fair  value  equity  method  investments  that  are  not 
otherwise required to be carried at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are reported in 
earnings. The Company has elected the fair value option to account for certain equity method investments in which the 
Company has significant influence. The Company believes the fair value option best reflects the underlying economics 
of the investment.

(b)  Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, bank balances, short-term deposits, and highly liquid investments 
with original maturities of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and are subject 
to insignificant risk of changes in fair value.

(c)  Term deposits

The term deposits are interest bearing bank deposits held with foreign banks and have original maturities over 

12 months and are carried at amortized cost, which approximates fair value.

(d)  Short-term Investments

Short-term investments include term deposits that have original maturities greater than three months but less 

than one year at the date of purchase. These are carried at amortised cost, which approximates fair value.

(e)  Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents amounts held for the benefit of third parties or is legally or contractually restricted as 
to withdrawal or usage by the Company. Such amounts are included in “Other assets” on the Company’s consolidated 
balance sheets.

(f)  Receivables

Insurance receivables are recognized when due and are measured on initial recognition at the face value of the 
consideration to be received net of any allowance for expected credit losses. The Group monitors credit risk associated 
with premiums receivable through its ongoing review of amounts outstanding, aging of the receivable, historical loss 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

data, and counterparty financial strength measures. Any allowance for expected credit losses is charged to “Change in 
allowance for expected credit losses on receivables” in the period. The receivable is recorded and revised in subsequent 
periods to reflect changes in the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses.

Reinsurance  recoverables  represent  amounts  of  paid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses,  case  reserves  and 
incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) amounts ceded to reinsurers under reinsurance contracts. Amounts recoverable 
from  reinsurers  are  estimated  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  associated  claim  liability. The  Company  reports  its 
reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, including expected credit losses. 
The  allowance  is  based  upon  our  ongoing  review  of  amounts  outstanding,  length  of  collection  periods,  changes 
in  reinsurer  credit  standing,  disputes,  applicable  coverage  defenses  and  other  relevant  factors. The  Company  uses 
a  rating-based  method  to  estimate  the  uncollectible  reinsurance  reserves  due  to  credit  losses.  Under  this  method, 
reinsurance  credit  risk  is  estimated  by  considering  the  reinsurers  probability  of  default. Additionally,  reinsurance 
recoverables balances are evaluated to identify any dispute risk and when required, an additional reserve is recorded. 
Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including amounts due from known insolvent reinsurers, are written off against 
the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as any subsequent collections of amounts previously written off, are 
reported as part of “Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables”.

(g)  Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract 
is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair 
value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Warrants are accounted for as derivative financial instruments (a financial liability) as they give the holder the 
right to obtain a variable number of common (ordinary) shares, dependent on the characteristics of the warrant holder 
and the occurrence of some uncertain future events that are not within the control of the Group.

The Warrants were to lapse and expire after five years from the closing of the Business Combination between 
IGI and Tiberius; however, all the outstanding Warrants were redeemed during 2023 following the offer announced by 
the Company on July 28, 2023.

Earnout  Shares  issued  to  former  shareholders  of  IGI  and Tiberius  are  accounted  for  as  Derivative  financial 
instruments (a financial liability) because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of Earnout Shares 
to be earned include multiple settlements alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common stock of 
the Company.

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to the consolidated 

statement of income as the Group has not designated derivative financial instruments under hedging arrangements.

(h)  Other assets

Other  assets  consist  of  prepaid  expenses,  refundable  deposits,  restricted  cash,  funds  held  in  trust  accounts, 

property and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease assets.

Property  and  equipment  are  capitalized  and  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  are  reported 
in  “other  assets”  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  Depreciation  is  calculated  using  a  straight-line  method  over 
the  estimated  useful  lives  of  the  assets,  generally  three  to  fifty  years.  Land  is  not  depreciated. The  accumulated 
depreciation for property and equipment was USD 20,499 thousand and USD 20,527 thousand at December 31, 2023 
and December 31, 2022, respectively. The net book value of our property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 
December 31, 2022 was USD 24,022 thousand and USD 24,547 thousand, respectively.

Intangible assets include computer software and software licenses. Costs incurred to develop software programs 
to  be  used  solely  to  meet  the  Company’s  internal  needs  have  been  capitalized  as  computer  software  within  other 
intangible assets. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic useful 

lives of 5 years. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the costs of the intangible 

assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. 

For intangible assets considered to have an indefinite life, the Company performs a qualitative assessment annually 

to determine whether it is more likely or not that the intangible asset is impaired. Goodwill is assessed annually for 

impairment or more frequently if circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred.

In the ordinary course of business, the Group renews and enters into new leases for office real estate and other 

assets. At the lease inception date, the Group determines whether a contract contains a lease and recognizes operating 

lease Right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of future minimum lease 

payments over the lease term. As the Group’s leases do not disclose the implicit interest rate, the Group uses incremental 

borrowing rates to calculate the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease costs are recognized on a 

straight-line basis over the lease term. Renewal options are evaluated prior to the expiration date and recorded upon 

exercise. ROU assets are reported at cost less accumulated depreciation and depreciated over the lease term.

(i)  Premiums

Premiums are recorded as written on the inception date of the policy and are earned primarily on a pro rata basis 

over the term of the coverage provided. Unearned premiums include the portion of premiums written relating to the 

unexpired terms of the coverage.

Premiums  include  any  adjustments  arising  in  the  accounting  period  for  premiums  receivable  in  respect  of 

business written in prior accounting periods. Rebates that form part of the premium rate, such as no-claim rebates, are 

deducted from the gross premium; others are recognized as an expense.

The Group also assumes reinsurance risk in the normal course of business and reinsurance premiums are typically 

earned over the same period as the underlying policies or risks covered by the contract. Reinsurance premiums for 

assumed business are estimated based on information received from reinsurers and ceding companies. Any subsequent 

differences that arise on these estimates are recorded in periods in which they are determined.

Premiums also include estimates for pipeline premiums, representing amounts due on business written but not yet 

notified. The Group generally estimates the pipeline premium based on management’s judgment and prior experience 

of market conditions and historical data using premium development patterns evident from active underwriting years 

to predict ultimate premiums trends at the close of the fiscal period.

(j)  Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

A reserve is held for losses, comprising amounts payable to contract holders and third parties and related loss 

adjustment expenses, net of salvage and other recoveries, and this is charged to income as incurred. The reserve for 

unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses comprises the estimated amounts payable, in respect of losses reported to 

the Group and those not reported at the consolidated balance sheets date.

The Group generally estimates its losses based on inputs from appointed loss adjusters or leading underwriters’ 

recommendations.  In  addition,  a  provision  based  on  management’s  judgement  and  the  Group’s  prior  experience  is 

maintained for the cost of settling losses incurred but not reported at the consolidated balance sheets date. The Group 

does  not  discount  its  reserves  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses,  as  the  Group  measures  its  insurance 

contract liabilities on an undiscounted basis.

(k)  Deferred policy acquisition costs

Acquisition costs that are directly related and incremental to the successful acquisition or renewal of business 

are deferred and expensed over the same period over which the corresponding premiums are recognised, in accordance 

with the earning pattern of the underlying contract. The Company’s insurance and reinsurance operations capitalize 

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

data, and counterparty financial strength measures. Any allowance for expected credit losses is charged to “Change in 

allowance for expected credit losses on receivables” in the period. The receivable is recorded and revised in subsequent 

periods to reflect changes in the Company’s estimate of expected credit losses.

Reinsurance  recoverables  represent  amounts  of  paid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses,  case  reserves  and 

incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) amounts ceded to reinsurers under reinsurance contracts. Amounts recoverable 

from  reinsurers  are  estimated  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  associated  claim  liability. The  Company  reports  its 

reinsurance recoverables net of an allowance for estimated uncollectible reinsurance, including expected credit losses. 

The  allowance  is  based  upon  our  ongoing  review  of  amounts  outstanding,  length  of  collection  periods,  changes 

in  reinsurer  credit  standing,  disputes,  applicable  coverage  defenses  and  other  relevant  factors. The  Company  uses 

a  rating-based  method  to  estimate  the  uncollectible  reinsurance  reserves  due  to  credit  losses.  Under  this  method, 

reinsurance  credit  risk  is  estimated  by  considering  the  reinsurers  probability  of  default. Additionally,  reinsurance 

recoverables balances are evaluated to identify any dispute risk and when required, an additional reserve is recorded. 

Amounts deemed to be uncollectible, including amounts due from known insolvent reinsurers, are written off against 

the allowance. Changes in the allowance, as well as any subsequent collections of amounts previously written off, are 

reported as part of “Change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables”.

(g)  Derivative financial instruments

Derivative financial instruments are initially recognized at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract 

is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair 

value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative.

Warrants are accounted for as derivative financial instruments (a financial liability) as they give the holder the 

right to obtain a variable number of common (ordinary) shares, dependent on the characteristics of the warrant holder 

and the occurrence of some uncertain future events that are not within the control of the Group.

The Warrants were to lapse and expire after five years from the closing of the Business Combination between 

IGI and Tiberius; however, all the outstanding Warrants were redeemed during 2023 following the offer announced by 

the Company on July 28, 2023.

Earnout  Shares  issued  to  former  shareholders  of  IGI  and Tiberius  are  accounted  for  as  Derivative  financial 

instruments (a financial liability) because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of Earnout Shares 

to be earned include multiple settlements alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common stock of 

Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to the consolidated 

statement of income as the Group has not designated derivative financial instruments under hedging arrangements.

the Company.

(h)  Other assets

Other  assets  consist  of  prepaid  expenses,  refundable  deposits,  restricted  cash,  funds  held  in  trust  accounts, 

property and equipment, intangible assets and operating lease assets.

Property  and  equipment  are  capitalized  and  carried  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  are  reported 

in  “other  assets”  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  Depreciation  is  calculated  using  a  straight-line  method  over 

the  estimated  useful  lives  of  the  assets,  generally  three  to  fifty  years.  Land  is  not  depreciated. The  accumulated 

depreciation for property and equipment was USD 20,499 thousand and USD 20,527 thousand at December 31, 2023 

and December 31, 2022, respectively. The net book value of our property and equipment at December 31, 2023 and 

December 31, 2022 was USD 24,022 thousand and USD 24,547 thousand, respectively.

Intangible assets include computer software and software licenses. Costs incurred to develop software programs 

to  be  used  solely  to  meet  the  Company’s  internal  needs  have  been  capitalized  as  computer  software  within  other 

intangible assets. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic useful 

lives of 5 years. The straight-line method of amortization reflects an appropriate allocation of the costs of the intangible 
assets to earnings in proportion to the amount of economic benefits obtained by the Company in each reporting period. 
For intangible assets considered to have an indefinite life, the Company performs a qualitative assessment annually 
to determine whether it is more likely or not that the intangible asset is impaired. Goodwill is assessed annually for 
impairment or more frequently if circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred.

In the ordinary course of business, the Group renews and enters into new leases for office real estate and other 
assets. At the lease inception date, the Group determines whether a contract contains a lease and recognizes operating 
lease Right-of-use (ROU) assets and operating lease liabilities based on the present value of future minimum lease 
payments over the lease term. As the Group’s leases do not disclose the implicit interest rate, the Group uses incremental 
borrowing rates to calculate the present value of future lease payments. Operating lease costs are recognized on a 
straight-line basis over the lease term. Renewal options are evaluated prior to the expiration date and recorded upon 
exercise. ROU assets are reported at cost less accumulated depreciation and depreciated over the lease term.

(i)  Premiums

Premiums are recorded as written on the inception date of the policy and are earned primarily on a pro rata basis 
over the term of the coverage provided. Unearned premiums include the portion of premiums written relating to the 
unexpired terms of the coverage.

Premiums  include  any  adjustments  arising  in  the  accounting  period  for  premiums  receivable  in  respect  of 
business written in prior accounting periods. Rebates that form part of the premium rate, such as no-claim rebates, are 
deducted from the gross premium; others are recognized as an expense.

The Group also assumes reinsurance risk in the normal course of business and reinsurance premiums are typically 
earned over the same period as the underlying policies or risks covered by the contract. Reinsurance premiums for 
assumed business are estimated based on information received from reinsurers and ceding companies. Any subsequent 
differences that arise on these estimates are recorded in periods in which they are determined.

Premiums also include estimates for pipeline premiums, representing amounts due on business written but not yet 
notified. The Group generally estimates the pipeline premium based on management’s judgment and prior experience 
of market conditions and historical data using premium development patterns evident from active underwriting years 
to predict ultimate premiums trends at the close of the fiscal period.

(j)  Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

A reserve is held for losses, comprising amounts payable to contract holders and third parties and related loss 
adjustment expenses, net of salvage and other recoveries, and this is charged to income as incurred. The reserve for 
unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses comprises the estimated amounts payable, in respect of losses reported to 
the Group and those not reported at the consolidated balance sheets date.

The Group generally estimates its losses based on inputs from appointed loss adjusters or leading underwriters’ 
recommendations.  In  addition,  a  provision  based  on  management’s  judgement  and  the  Group’s  prior  experience  is 
maintained for the cost of settling losses incurred but not reported at the consolidated balance sheets date. The Group 
does  not  discount  its  reserves  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses,  as  the  Group  measures  its  insurance 
contract liabilities on an undiscounted basis.

(k)  Deferred policy acquisition costs

Acquisition costs that are directly related and incremental to the successful acquisition or renewal of business 
are deferred and expensed over the same period over which the corresponding premiums are recognised, in accordance 
with the earning pattern of the underlying contract. The Company’s insurance and reinsurance operations capitalize 

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Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

incremental direct external costs that result from acquiring a contract but do not capitalize salaries, benefits and other 
internal underwriting costs. Policy acquisition costs are net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under 
certain reinsurance contracts.

(l)  Premium deficiency test

A premium deficiency occurs if the sum of expected loss and loss adjustment expenses, unamortized acquisition 
costs  exceed  related  unearned  premiums  and  anticipated  investment  income  on  in-force  business.  A  premium 
deficiency  is  recognized  by  charging  unamortized  acquisition  costs  to  expense  to  the  extent  required  in  order  to 
eliminate  the  deficiency.  A  liability  is  accrued  for  the  excess  deficiency  if  the  premium  deficiency  exceeds  the 
unamortized acquisition costs.

(m)  Reinsurance

The Group cedes insurance risk in the normal course of business for all of its businesses to increase capacity 
and  to  limit  its  exposure  to  large  losses  and  event. The  Group  uses  pro  rata  and  facultative  reinsurance  contracts. 
Reinsurance premiums ceded under prospective reinsurance contracts comprise the total premiums payable for the 
reinsurance  cover  provided  by  retrocession  contracts  entered  into  during  the  year  and  are  recognized  on  the  date 
on which the policy incepts. Reinsurance ceded premiums are accounted for on a basis consistent with that used in 
accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance ceding commissions 
are recognized as a reduction to acquisition costs.

The Group has non-proportional excess-of-loss (“XOL”) reinsurance contracts designed to mitigate the Group’s 

net exposure of losses that exceed a specified limit including catastrophe losses.

(q)  Foreign currencies

The XOL costs are determined at the inception of the reinsurance contract and are payable upfront in the form of 
‘Minimum and Deposit Premium’ (“MDP”) subject to premium adjustment at the end of the contract period. Deferred 
premiums are calculated on a pro rata basis based on the type of the XOL reinsurance contract and included in ceded 
unearned premiums.

Excess  of  loss  reinsurance  also  includes  reinstatement  premium  and  related  cash  flows  within  the  boundary 
of the initial reinsurance contract arising from usage of primary reinsurance coverage limit. Reinstatement occurs at 
predetermined rates without giving the reinsurer any right to exit or reprice the contract. This implies expected cash 
flows related to the reinstatement premium shall be within the boundary of the initial reinsurance contract and are not 
related to future contracts.

Reinstatement premiums are recognized and expensed at the time a loss event occurs. The accrual of reinstatement 

premiums is based on an estimate of losses and loss adjustment expenses, which reflects management’s judgment.

Reinsurance recoverables represent balances due from reinsurance companies. Ceded reinsurance arrangements 

do not relieve the Group from its obligations to policyholders.

Reinsurance  recoverables  are  the  amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  for  paid  and  unpaid  loss  and  loss 

adjustment expenses, including amounts receivable for unsettled losses and those incurred but not reported.

(r)  Taxation

Reinsurance recoverables are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding loss provision or settled 

losses associated with the reinsurer’s policies and are in accordance with the related reinsurance contract.

Reinsurance assets or liabilities are derecognized when the contractual rights are extinguished or expire or when 

the contract is transferred to another party.

(n)  Equity settled share-based compensation plan

The Group operates an equity-settled share-based plan to its employees, under which the Group receives services 

from employees as consideration for equity instruments of the Group. The fair value of the employee services received 

in exchange for the grant of the equity instruments is recognized as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is 

determined by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted, at the grant date. The grant date fair value 

of restricted shares is determined based on the closing quoted prices of the Company’s share on Nasdaq on the grant 

dates.  For  awards  with  graded  vesting  schedules  only  subject  to  service  conditions,  such  as  the  Restricted  Shares 

Awards (“RSAs”), compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the 

entire award. Forfeitures of share-based compensation awards are recognized as they occur.

Treasury shares are common shares purchased by the Company and not subsequently cancelled. These shares 

are recorded at cost and result in a reduction of the Company’s shareholders’ equity in its consolidated balance sheets.

(o)  Treasury shares

(p)  Offsetting

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  offset,  and  the  net  amount  reported  in  the  consolidated  balance 

sheets only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle 

on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously. Income and expense are not offset in the 

consolidated statement of income unless required or permitted by any accounting standard or interpretation.

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated at the 

prevailing exchange rates at each balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of such foreign operations are translated at 

average exchange rates during the year. The net effect of the translation adjustments for foreign operations is included 

in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable deferred income tax. Monetary assets and liabilities, 

such as premiums receivable and the reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, denominated in foreign 

currencies are revalued at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date with the resulting foreign exchange 

gains and losses included in net income. Accounts that are classified as non-monetary, such as deferred acquisition 

costs and the unearned premium reserves, are not revalued. In the case of foreign currency denominated fixed maturity 

securities  which  are  classified  as  “available-for-sale,”  the  change  in  exchange  rates  between  the  local  currency  in 

which the investments are denominated and the Company’s functional currency at each balance sheet date is included 

in unrealized appreciation or decline in value of securities, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, 

net of applicable deferred income tax.

Translation  gains  and  losses  related  to  our  foreign  operations  are  recorded  as  a  component  of  shareholders’ 

equity in the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the total cumulative foreign currency 

translation adjustments were a loss of USD 396 thousand, USD 423 thousand and USD 366 thousand, respectively.

Current  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  current  period  are  measured  at  the  amount  expected  to  be 

recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that 

are enacted at the reporting date in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  result  from  temporary  differences  between  the  amounts  recorded  in  the 

consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the 

asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted at the reporting date.

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International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

incremental direct external costs that result from acquiring a contract but do not capitalize salaries, benefits and other 

internal underwriting costs. Policy acquisition costs are net of ceding commissions received on business ceded under 

A premium deficiency occurs if the sum of expected loss and loss adjustment expenses, unamortized acquisition 

costs  exceed  related  unearned  premiums  and  anticipated  investment  income  on  in-force  business.  A  premium 

deficiency  is  recognized  by  charging  unamortized  acquisition  costs  to  expense  to  the  extent  required  in  order  to 

eliminate  the  deficiency.  A  liability  is  accrued  for  the  excess  deficiency  if  the  premium  deficiency  exceeds  the 

certain reinsurance contracts.

(l)  Premium deficiency test

unamortized acquisition costs.

(m)  Reinsurance

The Group cedes insurance risk in the normal course of business for all of its businesses to increase capacity 

and  to  limit  its  exposure  to  large  losses  and  event. The  Group  uses  pro  rata  and  facultative  reinsurance  contracts. 

Reinsurance premiums ceded under prospective reinsurance contracts comprise the total premiums payable for the 

reinsurance  cover  provided  by  retrocession  contracts  entered  into  during  the  year  and  are  recognized  on  the  date 

on which the policy incepts. Reinsurance ceded premiums are accounted for on a basis consistent with that used in 

accounting for the original policies issued and the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance ceding commissions 

are recognized as a reduction to acquisition costs.

The XOL costs are determined at the inception of the reinsurance contract and are payable upfront in the form of 

‘Minimum and Deposit Premium’ (“MDP”) subject to premium adjustment at the end of the contract period. Deferred 

premiums are calculated on a pro rata basis based on the type of the XOL reinsurance contract and included in ceded 

unearned premiums.

Excess  of  loss  reinsurance  also  includes  reinstatement  premium  and  related  cash  flows  within  the  boundary 

of the initial reinsurance contract arising from usage of primary reinsurance coverage limit. Reinstatement occurs at 

predetermined rates without giving the reinsurer any right to exit or reprice the contract. This implies expected cash 

flows related to the reinstatement premium shall be within the boundary of the initial reinsurance contract and are not 

related to future contracts.

Reinstatement premiums are recognized and expensed at the time a loss event occurs. The accrual of reinstatement 

premiums is based on an estimate of losses and loss adjustment expenses, which reflects management’s judgment.

Reinsurance recoverables represent balances due from reinsurance companies. Ceded reinsurance arrangements 

do not relieve the Group from its obligations to policyholders.

Reinsurance recoverables are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding loss provision or settled 

losses associated with the reinsurer’s policies and are in accordance with the related reinsurance contract.

Reinsurance assets or liabilities are derecognized when the contractual rights are extinguished or expire or when 

the contract is transferred to another party.

(n)  Equity settled share-based compensation plan

The Group operates an equity-settled share-based plan to its employees, under which the Group receives services 
from employees as consideration for equity instruments of the Group. The fair value of the employee services received 
in exchange for the grant of the equity instruments is recognized as an expense. The total amount to be expensed is 
determined by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted, at the grant date. The grant date fair value 
of restricted shares is determined based on the closing quoted prices of the Company’s share on Nasdaq on the grant 
dates.  For  awards  with  graded  vesting  schedules  only  subject  to  service  conditions,  such  as  the  Restricted  Shares 
Awards (“RSAs”), compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for the 
entire award. Forfeitures of share-based compensation awards are recognized as they occur.

(o)  Treasury shares

Treasury shares are common shares purchased by the Company and not subsequently cancelled. These shares 
are recorded at cost and result in a reduction of the Company’s shareholders’ equity in its consolidated balance sheets.

(p)  Offsetting

Financial  assets  and  financial  liabilities  are  offset,  and  the  net  amount  reported  in  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets only when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognized amounts and there is an intention to settle 
on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liability simultaneously. Income and expense are not offset in the 
consolidated statement of income unless required or permitted by any accounting standard or interpretation.

The Group has non-proportional excess-of-loss (“XOL”) reinsurance contracts designed to mitigate the Group’s 

net exposure of losses that exceed a specified limit including catastrophe losses.

(q)  Foreign currencies

Assets and liabilities of foreign operations whose functional currency is not the U.S. Dollar are translated at the 
prevailing exchange rates at each balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses of such foreign operations are translated at 
average exchange rates during the year. The net effect of the translation adjustments for foreign operations is included 
in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of applicable deferred income tax. Monetary assets and liabilities, 
such as premiums receivable and the reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, denominated in foreign 
currencies are revalued at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date with the resulting foreign exchange 
gains and losses included in net income. Accounts that are classified as non-monetary, such as deferred acquisition 
costs and the unearned premium reserves, are not revalued. In the case of foreign currency denominated fixed maturity 
securities  which  are  classified  as  “available-for-sale,”  the  change  in  exchange  rates  between  the  local  currency  in 
which the investments are denominated and the Company’s functional currency at each balance sheet date is included 
in unrealized appreciation or decline in value of securities, a component of accumulated other comprehensive income, 
net of applicable deferred income tax.

Translation  gains  and  losses  related  to  our  foreign  operations  are  recorded  as  a  component  of  shareholders’ 
equity in the consolidated balance sheets. At December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the total cumulative foreign currency 
translation adjustments were a loss of USD 396 thousand, USD 423 thousand and USD 366 thousand, respectively.

Reinsurance  recoverables  are  the  amounts  recoverable  from  reinsurers  for  paid  and  unpaid  loss  and  loss 

adjustment expenses, including amounts receivable for unsettled losses and those incurred but not reported.

(r)  Taxation

Current  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  for  the  current  period  are  measured  at  the  amount  expected  to  be 
recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that 
are enacted at the reporting date in the countries where the Group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred  tax  assets  and  liabilities  result  from  temporary  differences  between  the  amounts  recorded  in  the 

consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the 
asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted at the reporting date.

F-14

F-15

198

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits 
and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is more likely than not that taxable income will be available against which 
the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credit and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and  a  valuation  allowance  is 
recognized against the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will 
not be recoverable.

Tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions are only recognized when the uncertain tax position meets a more 

likely than not recognition threshold to be recognized.

(s)  Fair values

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction 
between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the 
transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous 

market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Group.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use 

when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate 
economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would 
use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data 
are  available  to  measure  fair  value,  maximizing  the  use  of  relevant  observable  inputs  and  minimizing  the  use  of 
unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements 
are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant 
to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 

is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 

is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the 
Group  determines  whether  transfers  have  occurred  between  Levels  in  the  hierarchy  by  re-assessing  categorization 
(based  on  the  lowest  level  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value  measurement  as  a  whole)  at  the  end  of  each 
reporting period.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are 

required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Group’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the management 

verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to 

contracts and other relevant documents.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis 

of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained 

Reporting segments and segment measures are discussed and disclosed in note 17 Segment information.

above.

(t) 

Segment reporting

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted

Group’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

There are no new recently issued accounting standards adopted by the Group that have a material impact on the 

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to income tax disclosures which requires 

disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes 

paid. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early 

adoption permitted. The standard will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply it retrospectively. The 

Company is assessing the impact of this standard.

Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”)  2023-07,  Segment  Reporting  —  Improvements  to  Reportable  Segment 

Disclosures (Topic 280)

In November 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The 

standard primarily requires the following disclosure on an annual and interim basis: (1) significant segment expenses 

that  are  regularly  provided  to  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  (“CODM”)  and  included  within  each  reported 

measure of segment profit or loss; and (2) other segment items and description of its composition. The standard also 

requires current annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profits or losses and assets to be disclosed in interim 

periods and the title and position of the CODM with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures 

of segment profits or losses in assessing segment performance. The guidance is effective for public companies for 

fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years within fiscal years beginning after 

December  15,  2024,  with  early  adoption  permitted. The  amendment  is  applied  retrospectively  to  all  prior  periods 

presented. The Company is assessing the impact of this standard.

F-16

F-17

199

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

2. 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.)

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.

Deferred tax assets are recognized for all deductible temporary differences, carry forward of unused tax credits 

and unused tax losses, to the extent that it is more likely than not that taxable income will be available against which 

the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credit and unused tax losses can be utilized.

The  carrying  amount  of  deferred  tax  assets  is  reviewed  at  each  reporting  date  and  a  valuation  allowance  is 

recognized against the deferred tax assets to the extent that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will 

Tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions are only recognized when the uncertain tax position meets a more 

likely than not recognition threshold to be recognized.

not be recoverable.

(s)  Fair values

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction 

between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement is based on the presumption that the 

transaction to sell the asset or transfer the liability takes place either:

In the principal market for the asset or liability, or in the absence of a principal market, in the most advantageous 

market for the asset or liability.

The principal or the most advantageous market must be accessible to the Group.

The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use 

when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.

A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant’s ability to generate 

economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would 

use the asset in its highest and best use.

The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data 

are  available  to  measure  fair  value,  maximizing  the  use  of  relevant  observable  inputs  and  minimizing  the  use  of 

unobservable inputs.

All assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the consolidated financial statements 

are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant 

to the fair value measurement as a whole:

Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 

is directly or indirectly observable

Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 

is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognized in the consolidated financial statements on a recurring basis, the 

Group  determines  whether  transfers  have  occurred  between  Levels  in  the  hierarchy  by  re-assessing  categorization 

(based  on  the  lowest  level  input  that  is  significant  to  the  fair  value  measurement  as  a  whole)  at  the  end  of  each 

reporting period.

At each reporting date, the management analyses the movements in the values of assets and liabilities which are 
required to be re-measured or re-assessed as per the Group’s accounting policies. For this analysis, the management 
verifies the major inputs applied in the latest valuation by agreeing the information in the valuation computation to 
contracts and other relevant documents.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and liabilities on the basis 
of the nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy as explained 
above.

(t) 

Segment reporting

Reporting segments and segment measures are discussed and disclosed in note 17 Segment information.

Recent accounting pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Adopted

There are no new recently issued accounting standards adopted by the Group that have a material impact on the 

Group’s consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740)

In December 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to income tax disclosures which requires 
disaggregated information about a company’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes 
paid. The standard is effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early 
adoption permitted. The standard will be applied on a prospective basis with the option to apply it retrospectively. The 
Company is assessing the impact of this standard.

Accounting  Standards  Update  (“ASU”)  2023-07,  Segment  Reporting  —  Improvements  to  Reportable  Segment 
Disclosures (Topic 280)

In November 2023, the FASB issued an ASU to address improvements to reportable segment disclosures. The 
standard primarily requires the following disclosure on an annual and interim basis: (1) significant segment expenses 
that  are  regularly  provided  to  the  chief  operating  decision  maker  (“CODM”)  and  included  within  each  reported 
measure of segment profit or loss; and (2) other segment items and description of its composition. The standard also 
requires current annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profits or losses and assets to be disclosed in interim 
periods and the title and position of the CODM with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures 
of segment profits or losses in assessing segment performance. The guidance is effective for public companies for 
fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods in fiscal years within fiscal years beginning after 
December  15,  2024,  with  early  adoption  permitted. The  amendment  is  applied  retrospectively  to  all  prior  periods 
presented. The Company is assessing the impact of this standard.

F-16

F-17

200

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value

The  following  tables  summarize  the  Company’s  fixed  maturity  available-for-sale  securities  at  December  31, 

2023 and 2022:

Amortised
cost basis
USD ’000

13,067
776,552
789,619

Amortised
cost basis
USD’000

8,625
529,686
538,311

Gross 
unrealized
gains
USD ’000

December 31, 2023
Gross 
unrealized
losses
USD ’000

Allowance for
expected 
credit losses
USD ’000

70
7,950
8,020

(738)
(30,958)
(31,696)

—
(353)
(353)

Gross 
unrealized
gains
USD’000

December 31, 2022
Gross 
Unrealized
losses
USD’000

Allowance for
expected 
credit losses
USD’000

4
22
26

(607)
(48,454)
(49,061)

—
(195)
(195)

Fair value
USD ’000

12,399
753,191
765,590

Fair value
USD’000

8,022
481,059
489,081

Foreign governments . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Foreign governments . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

The following tables summarize gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value for available-for-sale securities 

by length of time that the securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position:

Less than 12 months
Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

Fair 
value
USD ’000

Foreign governments . . . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

—
38,929
38,929

—
(517)
(517)

December 31, 2023
12 months or more

Total

Fair 
value
USD ’000

8,152
401,900
410,052

Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

(738)
(30,441)
(31,179)

Fair 
value
USD ’000

8,152
440,829
448,981

Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

(738)
(30,958)
(31,696)

Less than 12 months

December 31, 2022
12 months or more

Total

Fair 
value
USD ’000

3,154
298,607
301,761

Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

(178)
(23,860)
(24,038)

Fair 
value
USD ’000

4,666
173,002
177,668

Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

(429)
(24,594)
(25,023)

Fair 
value
USD ’000

7,820
471,609
479,429

Gross 
unrealized 
loss
USD ’000

(607)
(48,454)
(49,061)

Foreign governments . . . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

At December 31, 2023, the Company held 272 (2022: 300) fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position 
with a total estimated fair value of USD 448,981 thousand (2022: USD 479,429 thousand) and gross unrealized losses 
of USD  31,696  thousand (2022: USD  49,061 thousand).  Of these securities,  241 (2022: 95) were  in a continuous 
unrealized  loss  position  for  greater  than  12  months. The  Company  regularly  reviews  all  fixed-maturity  securities 
within its investment portfolio to determine whether a credit loss has occurred. At December 31, 2023, 76% of the 
Company’s fixed-maturity securities were rated “A-” or better, and 0.1% were below investment grade or not rated. 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS (cont.)

All of the Company’s fixed maturity securities made expected coupon payments under the contractual terms of the 

securities. Based on the Company’s review as of December 31, 2023, unrealized losses were caused by interest rate 

changes or other market factors and were not credit-specific issues.

The  contractual  maturities  of  the  Company’s  fixed  maturity  available-for-sale  securities  are  shown  in  the 

following table:

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Fair value

USD ’000

Amortized 

cost

USD ’000

Fair value

USD ’000

Amortized 

cost

USD ’000

78,459

515,337

100,801

70,993

765,590

79,334

530,182

103,933

76,170

789,619

34,658

362,368

64,409

27,646

489,081

35,742

388,764

75,576

38,229

538,311

Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Due after one you through to five years . . . 

Due after five you through to ten years. . . . 

Due after ten years  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Allowance for expected credit losses

maturity available-for-sale debt securities:

The following tables provide the movement of the allowance for expected credit losses of the Company’s fixed 

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Additions for current year allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

195

158

353

—

195

195

Investment Income

December 31, 

December 31, 

2023

2022

Corporate Bonds

USD ’000

USD ’000

Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dividends from other investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Dividends from equities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Investment’s custodian fees and other investments expenses . .

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Realized loss on sale of fixed maturity securities available-

for-sale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Realized gain (loss) on sale of equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

39,750

236

752

(278)

40,460

20,381

144

571

(149)

20,947

14,049

78

705

(345)

14,487

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

(477)

7,200

6,723

(619)

(68)

(687)

(88)

396

308

F-18

F-19

201

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS

Fixed maturity securities available-for-sale, at fair value

The  following  tables  summarize  the  Company’s  fixed  maturity  available-for-sale  securities  at  December  31, 

2023 and 2022:

Amortised

cost basis

USD ’000

13,067

776,552

789,619

Amortised

cost basis

USD’000

8,625

529,686

538,311

December 31, 2023

Gross 

unrealized

gains

USD ’000

Gross 

unrealized

losses

USD ’000

Allowance for

expected 

credit losses

USD ’000

70

7,950

8,020

(738)

(30,958)

(31,696)

December 31, 2022

Gross 

unrealized

gains

USD’000

Gross 

Unrealized

losses

USD’000

Allowance for

expected 

credit losses

USD’000

4

22

26

(607)

(48,454)

(49,061)

Fair value

USD ’000

12,399

753,191

765,590

Fair value

USD’000

8,022

481,059

489,081

—

(353)

(353)

—

(195)

(195)

Foreign governments . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Foreign governments . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

The following tables summarize gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value for available-for-sale securities 

by length of time that the securities have continuously been in an unrealized loss position:

Less than 12 months

December 31, 2023

12 months or more

Total

Fair 

value

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

Fair 

value

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

Fair 

value

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Foreign governments . . . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

—

38,929

38,929

—

(517)

(517)

8,152

401,900

410,052

(738)

(30,441)

(31,179)

8,152

440,829

448,981

(738)

(30,958)

(31,696)

Fair 

value

3,154

298,607

301,761

Less than 12 months

December 31, 2022

12 months or more

Total

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

Fair 

value

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

Fair 

value

Gross 

unrealized 

loss

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Foreign governments . . . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

(178)

(23,860)

(24,038)

4,666

173,002

177,668

(429)

(24,594)

(25,023)

7,820

471,609

479,429

(607)

(48,454)

(49,061)

At December 31, 2023, the Company held 272 (2022: 300) fixed-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position 

with a total estimated fair value of USD 448,981 thousand (2022: USD 479,429 thousand) and gross unrealized losses 

of USD 31,696  thousand (2022: USD  49,061 thousand). Of  these securities,  241 (2022: 95) were  in a continuous 

unrealized  loss  position  for  greater  than  12  months. The  Company  regularly  reviews  all  fixed-maturity  securities 

within its investment portfolio to determine whether a credit loss has occurred. At December 31, 2023, 76% of the 

Company’s fixed-maturity securities were rated “A-” or better, and 0.1% were below investment grade or not rated. 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS (cont.)

All of the Company’s fixed maturity securities made expected coupon payments under the contractual terms of the 
securities. Based on the Company’s review as of December 31, 2023, unrealized losses were caused by interest rate 
changes or other market factors and were not credit-specific issues.

The  contractual  maturities  of  the  Company’s  fixed  maturity  available-for-sale  securities  are  shown  in  the 

following table:

December 31, 2023

December 31, 2022

Fair value
USD ’000

Amortized 
cost
USD ’000

Fair value
USD ’000

Amortized 
cost
USD ’000

78,459
515,337
100,801
70,993
765,590

79,334
530,182
103,933
76,170
789,619

34,658
362,368
64,409
27,646
489,081

35,742
388,764
75,576
38,229
538,311

Due in one year or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Due after one you through to five years . . . 
Due after five you through to ten years. . . . 
Due after ten years  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Allowance for expected credit losses

The following tables provide the movement of the allowance for expected credit losses of the Company’s fixed 

maturity available-for-sale debt securities:

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Additions for current year allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

195
158
353

—
195
195

Investment Income

December 31, 
2023

December 31, 
2022

Corporate Bonds

USD ’000

USD ’000

Interest income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividends from other investments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dividends from equities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment’s custodian fees and other investments expenses . .

Net realized gain (loss) on investments

Realized loss on sale of fixed maturity securities available-

for-sale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Realized gain (loss) on sale of equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000

Year ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

39,750
236
752
(278)
40,460

20,381
144
571
(149)
20,947

14,049
78
705
(345)
14,487

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

(477)
7,200
6,723

(619)
(68)
(687)

(88)
396
308

F-18

F-19

202

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS (cont.)

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized gain (loss) on other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unrealized (loss) gain on equity-method investments at fair 

value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments

Change in allowance for expected credit losses for fixed 

maturity securities available-for-sale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on fixed 

maturity securities held to maturity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.  RECEIVABLES

Premiums receivable

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

3,080
989

(1,385)
2,684

(3,561)
(2,225)

274
(5,512)

707
912

(5,328)
(3,709)

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

(158)

526
368

(195)

(166)
(361)

—

(66)
(66)

The following table provides the balance of premiums receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses, at 

December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Premiums receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

256,519
(11,302)
245,217

219,487
(9,085)
210,402

As at December 31, 2023, USD 11,748 thousand of the total premiums receivable balance has been due for 
settlement for more than one year. The Company assesses the recoverability of premium receivables through a review 
of policies and the concentration of receivables by region.

The movement in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is 

as follows:

Opening balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Write-offs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9,085
2,372
(155)
11,302

5,804
3,275
6
9,085

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4.  RECEIVABLES (cont.)

Reinsurance recoverables

The Group’s placement of reinsurance is diversified such that it is neither dependent on a single reinsurer nor are 

the operations of the Group substantially dependent upon any single reinsurance contract. Amounts recoverable from 

reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding claims provision and are in accordance with the 

reinsurance contracts. Although the Group has reinsurance arrangements, it is not relieved of its direct obligations to 

its policyholders and thus a credit exposure exists with respect to ceded insurance, to the extent that any reinsurer is 

unable to meet its obligations assumed under such reinsurance agreements. Credit risk exists with reinsurance ceded to 

the extent that any reinsurer is unable to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance agreements. Allowances 

are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and 

monitors concentration of credit risk arising from its exposure to individual reinsurers.

The following table provides the balance of reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance for expected credit losses, 

at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

212,610

(361)

212,249

14,507

(3,673)

10,834

223,083

76%

24%

—

8%

189,125

(325)

188,800

9,241

(3,629)

5,612

194,412

85%

15%

—

7%

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reinsurance recoverables on paid losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

% due from carriers rated “A-” or higher by major rating agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 

% due from all other rated carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

% due from all other carriers with no rating by major rating agencies . . . . . . . . . 

Largest balance due from any one carrier as a % of total shareholders’ equity . . 

The movement in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is 

as follows:

Opening balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,954

80

4,034

3,990

(36)

3,954

5.  RESTRICTED CASH

Other assets include restricted cash in the amount of USD 13,001 thousand placed in a trust account in favor 

of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) to secure policyholders’ obligations in relation to 

US surplus and excess lines business (December 31, 2022: USD 10,800 thousand). In addition, this item includes a 

restricted call deposit in the amount of USD 5,000 thousand (December 31, 2022: USD 5,000 thousand) placed in 

favor of the Group as collateral against reinsurance arrangements. The interest earned on this deposit is recognized as 

a liability and transferred to the reinsurance company on a semi-annual basis.

F-20

F-21

203

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. 

INVESTMENTS (cont.)

Net unrealized gain (loss) on investments

Unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrealized gain (loss) on other investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Unrealized (loss) gain on equity-method investments at fair 

value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments

Change in allowance for expected credit losses for fixed 

maturity securities available-for-sale  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on fixed 

maturity securities held to maturity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.  RECEIVABLES

Premiums receivable

December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

3,080

989

(1,385)

2,684

(3,561)

(2,225)

274

(5,512)

707

912

(5,328)

(3,709)

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

(158)

526

368

(195)

(166)

(361)

—

(66)

(66)

The following table provides the balance of premiums receivable, net of allowance for expected credit losses, at 

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

256,519

(11,302)

245,217

219,487

(9,085)

210,402

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

As at December 31, 2023, USD 11,748 thousand of the total premiums receivable balance has been due for 

settlement for more than one year. The Company assesses the recoverability of premium receivables through a review 

of policies and the concentration of receivables by region.

The movement in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is 

as follows:

Opening balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Write-offs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

9,085

2,372

(155)

11,302

5,804

3,275

6

9,085

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4.  RECEIVABLES (cont.)

Reinsurance recoverables

The Group’s placement of reinsurance is diversified such that it is neither dependent on a single reinsurer nor are 
the operations of the Group substantially dependent upon any single reinsurance contract. Amounts recoverable from 
reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the outstanding claims provision and are in accordance with the 
reinsurance contracts. Although the Group has reinsurance arrangements, it is not relieved of its direct obligations to 
its policyholders and thus a credit exposure exists with respect to ceded insurance, to the extent that any reinsurer is 
unable to meet its obligations assumed under such reinsurance agreements. Credit risk exists with reinsurance ceded to 
the extent that any reinsurer is unable to meet the obligations assumed under the reinsurance agreements. Allowances 
are established for amounts deemed uncollectible. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers and 
monitors concentration of credit risk arising from its exposure to individual reinsurers.

The following table provides the balance of reinsurance recoverables, net of allowance for expected credit losses, 

at December 31, 2023 and 2022:

Reinsurance recoverables on unpaid losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reinsurance recoverables on paid losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

% due from carriers rated “A-” or higher by major rating agencies . . . . . . . . . . . 
% due from all other rated carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
% due from all other carriers with no rating by major rating agencies . . . . . . . . . 
Largest balance due from any one carrier as a % of total shareholders’ equity . . 

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

212,610
(361)
212,249

14,507
(3,673)
10,834
223,083

76%
24%
—
8%

189,125
(325)
188,800

9,241
(3,629)
5,612
194,412

85%
15%
—
7%

Premiums receivable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Less: Allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

The movement in the allowance for expected credit losses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 is 

as follows:

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

Opening balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Ending balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

3,954
80
4,034

3,990
(36)
3,954

5.  RESTRICTED CASH

Other assets include restricted cash in the amount of USD 13,001 thousand placed in a trust account in favor 
of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) to secure policyholders’ obligations in relation to 
US surplus and excess lines business (December 31, 2022: USD 10,800 thousand). In addition, this item includes a 
restricted call deposit in the amount of USD 5,000 thousand (December 31, 2022: USD 5,000 thousand) placed in 
favor of the Group as collateral against reinsurance arrangements. The interest earned on this deposit is recognized as 
a liability and transferred to the reinsurance company on a semi-annual basis.

F-20

F-21

204

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5.  RESTRICTED CASH (cont.)

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

The following table details a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash within the consolidated balance sheets:

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

involves:

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Restricted cash (included within other assets)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

177,022
18,001
195,023

122,143
15,800
137,943

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES

To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, both known or unknown, the company establishes reserves, which is a 
balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses. The 
reserves are comprised of case reserves, incurred but not reported claims (“IBNR”) and the estimated expenses of 
settling claims, including claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees).

Case Reserves:  When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The 
case reserve will represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the 
specific claim at that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry practices, the 
experience and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team.

IBNR:  The IBNR is established as an estimate for losses incurred but not reported to the insurer at the reporting 
date. IBNR is often associated with the lag between an event occurring and the reporting to the Insurance company. 
The  estimated  IBNR  also  includes  an  allowance  for  the  potential  development  in  the  adequacy  of  case  reserves, 
namely “Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”, and all related claims expenses.

Management  estimates  the  ultimate  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  using  a  range  of  widely  accepted 
actuarial methodologies and additional approaches as appropriate. The main methodologies used to project claims to 
ultimate include but are not limited to:

Chain  Ladder  Method:  Using  a  development  triangle  of  cumulative  claims  amounts,  a  set  of  incremental 
development  factors  are  calculated. The  development  factor  is  equal  to  the  ratio  of  the  cumulative  claims  at  each 
development period to that at the previous development period. These development factors are then applied to the 
most recent data point in the triangle to project the current claims to ultimate resolution. The development patterns are 
derived from the company’s experience and where the credibility of the experience is considered insufficient to enable 
the  selection  of  development  factors  thought  to  be  representative  of  future  claims  development,  a  relevant  market 
benchmark pattern may be considered, where available.

Initial Expected Loss Ratio (“IELR”) Method:  This method estimates ultimate claims for each line of business 
and origin period to be equal to an IELR multiplied by the expected ultimate premium. The unpaid (IBNR) claims is 
the difference between these estimates and the current paid (or case reported) claims.

The IELRs are derived for each line of business as part of the business planning process. Where relevant and 
credible data is available, a “bridging” process is used to inform the selection of the IELRs and itself divides each 
IELR into the following components: Small losses, large risk losses, modelled catastrophe losses (losses arising from 
perils in countries modelled by our natural catastrophe modelling software, currently Verisk) and non-modelled Losses 
(losses could include but not limited to man-made “catastrophes” or natural catastrophes in countries not modelled by 
Verisk).

The modelling process first considers the IELRs gross of outward reinsurance and then derives the anticipated 
outward reinsurance recoveries resulting from the gross assumptions. The reinsurance program is modelled within a 
capital modelling package (currently Aon’s Tyche integrated modelling ecosystem). The aim of the bridging process is 

F-22

F-23

205

to restate trended and developed experience for each past year as if it was the experience in the underwriting year. Then 

the accident year loss ratios are derived by unwinding the underwriting year results by half a year. This restatement 

Bornhuetter-Ferguson  (“BF”)  method:  This  method  is  a  blend  of  the  Chain  Ladder  and  IELR  methods. 

Estimates can be made based on both paid claims and case reported claims.

For  paid  claims:  The  BF  paid  estimate  is  equal  to  the  paid  claims  plus  the  IELR  Method  ultimate  claims 

multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unpaid (derived from the paid claims Chain Ladder Method).

For case reported claims:  The BF case reported estimate is equal to the case reported claims plus the IELR 

Method  ultimate  claims  multiplied  by  the  expected  percentage  estimated  to  be  unreported  (derived  from  the  case 

reported claims Chain Ladder Method).

Ceded  Reinsurance  and  Net  IBNR:  The  outward  reinsurance  department  determines  outward  reinsurance 

recoveries arising on case reported claims each month end by the application of the outwards program.

Reserves for outward reinsurance recoveries on estimated IBNR claims are determined by the application of 

reinsurance recovery ratios to the estimated gross IBNRs. This process is undertaken by line of business and by year. 

The derivation of the reinsurance recovery ratio considers each type of reinsurance (Facultative, Proportional Treaty 

and  Excess  of  Loss Treaty)  separately,  with  the  estimates  of  the  reinsurance  recovery  ratio  developing  over  time 

depending on actual claims experience.

The  key  assumptions  in  calculating  the  most  recent  reserves  are  reviewed  each  quarter  and  adjusted  where 

necessary. There were no significant changes in the gross or ceded methodology and assumptions during the most 

recent reporting period.

The  following  table  represents  an  analysis  of  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  and  a  reconciliation  of  the 

beginning and ending reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses:

Year Ended December 31

2023

2022

2021

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

636,245

577,650

498,582

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, 

net of allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(188,800)

(182,124)

(188,738)

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at beginning 

of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

447,445

395,526

309,844

Loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of reinsurance:

Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of reinsurance  . . .

228,381

(39,294)

189,087

199,577

(42,015)

157,562

Loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance:

Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance . . . . . . .

(25,875)

(110,844)

(136,719)

(14,886)

(90,721)

(105,607)

193,811

(20,772)

173,039

(16,061)

(71,247)

(87,308)

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance 

recoverables on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . .

36

(36)

(49)

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end of  

year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

499,849

447,445

395,526

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, 

net of allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end of year  . . .

212,249

712,098

188,800

636,245

182,124

577,650

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The following table details a reconciliation of cash and restricted cash within the consolidated balance sheets:

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

Cash and cash equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Restricted cash (included within other assets)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

177,022

18,001

195,023

122,143

15,800

137,943

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES

To recognize liabilities for unpaid losses, both known or unknown, the company establishes reserves, which is a 

balance sheet account entry representing estimates of future amounts needed to pay claims and related expenses. The 

reserves are comprised of case reserves, incurred but not reported claims (“IBNR”) and the estimated expenses of 

settling claims, including claims specific costs (such as legal, loss adjuster fees).

Case Reserves:  When a claim is reported, a member of the claims team will establish a “case reserve”. The 

case reserve will represent an estimate of the expected settlement amount and will be based on information about the 

specific claim at that time. The estimate represents an informed judgment based on general industry practices, the 

experience and knowledge of the claims handler and practices of the claims team.

IBNR:  The IBNR is established as an estimate for losses incurred but not reported to the insurer at the reporting 

date. IBNR is often associated with the lag between an event occurring and the reporting to the Insurance company. 

The  estimated  IBNR  also  includes  an  allowance  for  the  potential  development  in  the  adequacy  of  case  reserves, 

namely “Incurred But Not Enough Reported” or “IBNER”, and all related claims expenses.

Management  estimates  the  ultimate  losses  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  using  a  range  of  widely  accepted 

actuarial methodologies and additional approaches as appropriate. The main methodologies used to project claims to 

ultimate include but are not limited to:

Chain  Ladder  Method:  Using  a  development  triangle  of  cumulative  claims  amounts,  a  set  of  incremental 

development  factors  are  calculated. The  development  factor  is  equal  to  the  ratio  of  the  cumulative  claims  at  each 

development period to that at the previous development period. These development factors are then applied to the 

most recent data point in the triangle to project the current claims to ultimate resolution. The development patterns are 

derived from the company’s experience and where the credibility of the experience is considered insufficient to enable 

the  selection  of  development  factors  thought  to  be  representative  of  future  claims  development,  a  relevant  market 

benchmark pattern may be considered, where available.

Initial Expected Loss Ratio (“IELR”) Method:  This method estimates ultimate claims for each line of business 

and origin period to be equal to an IELR multiplied by the expected ultimate premium. The unpaid (IBNR) claims is 

the difference between these estimates and the current paid (or case reported) claims.

The IELRs are derived for each line of business as part of the business planning process. Where relevant and 

credible data is available, a “bridging” process is used to inform the selection of the IELRs and itself divides each 

IELR into the following components: Small losses, large risk losses, modelled catastrophe losses (losses arising from 

perils in countries modelled by our natural catastrophe modelling software, currently Verisk) and non-modelled Losses 

(losses could include but not limited to man-made “catastrophes” or natural catastrophes in countries not modelled by 

Verisk).

The modelling process first considers the IELRs gross of outward reinsurance and then derives the anticipated 

outward reinsurance recoveries resulting from the gross assumptions. The reinsurance program is modelled within a 

capital modelling package (currently Aon’s Tyche integrated modelling ecosystem). The aim of the bridging process is 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5.  RESTRICTED CASH (cont.)

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

to restate trended and developed experience for each past year as if it was the experience in the underwriting year. Then 
the accident year loss ratios are derived by unwinding the underwriting year results by half a year. This restatement 
involves:

Bornhuetter-Ferguson  (“BF”)  method:  This  method  is  a  blend  of  the  Chain  Ladder  and  IELR  methods. 

Estimates can be made based on both paid claims and case reported claims.

For  paid  claims:  The  BF  paid  estimate  is  equal  to  the  paid  claims  plus  the  IELR  Method  ultimate  claims 

multiplied by the expected percentage estimated to be unpaid (derived from the paid claims Chain Ladder Method).

For case reported claims:  The BF case reported estimate is equal to the case reported claims plus the IELR 
Method  ultimate  claims  multiplied  by  the  expected  percentage  estimated  to  be  unreported  (derived  from  the  case 
reported claims Chain Ladder Method).

Ceded  Reinsurance  and  Net  IBNR:  The  outward  reinsurance  department  determines  outward  reinsurance 

recoveries arising on case reported claims each month end by the application of the outwards program.

Reserves for outward reinsurance recoveries on estimated IBNR claims are determined by the application of 
reinsurance recovery ratios to the estimated gross IBNRs. This process is undertaken by line of business and by year. 
The derivation of the reinsurance recovery ratio considers each type of reinsurance (Facultative, Proportional Treaty 
and  Excess  of  Loss Treaty)  separately,  with  the  estimates  of  the  reinsurance  recovery  ratio  developing  over  time 
depending on actual claims experience.

The  key  assumptions  in  calculating  the  most  recent  reserves  are  reviewed  each  quarter  and  adjusted  where 
necessary. There were no significant changes in the gross or ceded methodology and assumptions during the most 
recent reporting period.

The  following  table  represents  an  analysis  of  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  and  a  reconciliation  of  the 

beginning and ending reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses:

Year Ended December 31
2022
USD ’000

2023
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, 
net of allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at beginning 

636,245

577,650

498,582

(188,800)

(182,124)

(188,738)

of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

447,445

395,526

309,844

Loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of reinsurance:
Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total loss and loss adjustment expenses incurred, net of reinsurance  . . .

228,381
(39,294)
189,087

199,577
(42,015)
157,562

Loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance:
Current accident year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prior accident years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total loss and loss adjustment expenses paid, net of reinsurance . . . . . . .

(25,875)
(110,844)
(136,719)

(14,886)
(90,721)
(105,607)

193,811
(20,772)
173,039

(16,061)
(71,247)
(87,308)

Change in allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance 

recoverables on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . .

36

(36)

(49)

Net reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end of  

year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, 
net of allowance for expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at end of year  . . .

499,849

447,445

395,526

212,249
712,098

188,800
636,245

182,124
577,650

F-22

F-23

206

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

Development on Prior Loss Reserves:

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Short-tail

As of December 31, 2023

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the net ultimate loss increased by USD 228,381 thousand for accident 
year 2023 and decreased by USD 39,294 thousand for accident years 2022 and prior. The decrease in prior years’ 
ultimate losses is comparable to USD 42,015 thousand in 2022 and is split between USD 19,193 for the long-tail 
business,  USD  16,915  thousand  for  the  short-tail  business  and  USD  3,186  thousand  for  the  reinsurance  business. 
Assumptions for future inflation have been updated to reflect the increase in the costs of goods and some services and 
an anticipated knock-on change in wage-related costs. The decrease in ultimate losses is however driven by consistent 
favorable claims experience.

Claims development

The following tables provide information about incurred and paid claims development, net of reinsurance, as 
well as cumulative claims frequency. The tables include IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims, 
and the cumulative number of reported claims as at December 31, 2023. Cumulative number of reported claims is 
reported on a per claim basis.

Information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2014 to December 31, 

2022 is presented as unaudited supplementary information.

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Long-tail

As of December 31, 2023

IBNR 
liabilities 
and 
expected 
development 
on reported 
claims

Cumulative 
number of 
reported 
claims

4
11
810
1,291
8,568
7,792
12,915
22,989
45,179
74,112

508
738
922
1,523
2,303
3,743
3,267
2,394
2,167
2,138

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

For the years ended December 31 
Unaudited Prior Years
2018

2019

2017

2020

2021

2022

2023

10,013
8,073
7,868
4,542

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000
11,455
9,237
16,099
23,894
43,288
53,582
84,893
61,989
73,707
— 88,444
466,588

11,549
9,467
17,299
28,840
45,182
62,689
— 85,084
—
—
—

11,825
9,885
15,373
27,658
44,766
— 61,152
—
—
—
—

11,256
9,257
16,830
25,431
35,191
54,433
82,863
78,749
— 83,392
—

11,396
8,895
17,096
26,826
41,041
50,375
90,179
— 100,084
—
—

12,513
11,031
17,376
25,186
— 42,580
—
—
—
—
—

9,215
8,137
2,758
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

8,443
3,633
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

3,291
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

2014. . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . 

Accident year

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Long-tail

For the years ended December 31 
Unaudited Prior Years
2018
USD ’000
9,092
5,675
5,119
4,877
2,807
—
—
—
—
—

2017
USD ’000
7,694
4,535
2,639
509
—
—
—
—
—
—

2019
USD ’000
10,583
6,240
7,071
11,092
10,915
4,463
—
—
—
—

2014. . . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . 
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2014
USD ’000
1,444
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

2015
USD ’000
5,681
941
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

2016
USD ’000
7,392
2,128
792
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

2020
USD ’000
10,867
6,841
7,981
15,967
17,326
17,503
4,573
—
—
—

2021
USD ’000
11,074
7,007
12,074
18,242
20,715
22,951
22,884
4,519
—
—

2022
USD ’000
11,132
6,919
13,405
19,297
24,993
31,363
39,541
14,775
3,293
—

2023
USD ’000
11,253
8,422
14,111
20,324
29,334
36,508
52,719
24,693
15,322
4,985
217,671
2,892
251,809

F-24

F-25

207

For the years ended December 31 

Unaudited Prior Years

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . 

2017. . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . 

48,946

55,148

— 44,305

55,047

58,417

— 55,683

53,272

58,008

67,098

51,712

57,282

64,789

75,847

50,646

57,524

63,532

74,425

49,054

— 52,715

— 43,103

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

49,956

57,475

65,074

71,505

52,999

43,406

49,931

57,206

65,498

71,543

59,265

41,649

50,876

— 50,247

— 57,745

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— 74,394

—

—

— 100,030

—

50,102

57,101

65,806

71,516

59,144

41,433

51,517

64,493

50,087

57,209

65,778

71,012

58,488

40,646

55,102

60,008

85,522

— 109,997

653,849

IBNR 

liabilities 

and 

expected 

development 

on reported 

claims

Cumulative 

number of 

reported 

claims

3

14

—

114

155

223

1,453

3,200

8,159

64,895

2,047

1,832

2,191

2,536

2,356

2,156

1,892

2,080

2,481

1,851

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Short-tail

For the years ended December 31  

Unaudited Prior Years

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . . 

2017. . . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . 

10,356

36,942

16,300

42,468

36,771

15,751

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

48,346

50,581

44,609

16,317

—

—

—

—

—

—

49,373

52,759

59,442

39,217

17,087

—

—

—

—

—

49,496

55,976

62,054

50,218

34,338

8,654

—

—

—

—

49,359

56,154

62,665

58,223

47,573

21,029

6,737

—

—

—

49,414

56,181

64,112

63,029

51,100

30,993

17,591

10,396

—

—

49,657

56,724

64,914

67,460

51,232

33,847

26,771

29,782

10,428

—

All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

198,307

49,688

56,808

65,172

67,334

54,285

35,043

29,869

43,704

40,185

15,517

457,605

2,063

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Reinsurance

As of December 31, 2023

IBNR  

liabilities  

and  

expected  

development  

on reported  

claims

Cumulative  

number of  

reported  

claims

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000

USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . 

2017. . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . 

6,444

6,613

2,100

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

6,157

4,385

3,299

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

For the years ended December 31 

Unaudited Prior Years

5,661

5,888

5,891

9,563

5,133

6,419

7,303

15,243

— 10,092

5,139

6,187

7,403

14,758

11,168

— 14,333

4,998

6,050

7,594

15,150

9,225

11,363

5,007

6,149

7,476

15,783

9,073

10,936

10,900

5,005

6,012

7,183

14,989

8,718

11,062

11,526

19,628

5,019

5,946

7,209

14,704

8,901

11,039

10,785

20,346

12,971

— 29,940

126,860

1

4

22

124

67

168

348

1,274

1,244

16,349

250

230

305

423

437

490

455

431

397

248

—

—

—

—

— 11,437

—

—

—

— 17,788

—

—

— 16,184

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

Development on Prior Loss Reserves:

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Short-tail

As of December 31, 2023

2019

2017

2020

2021

2022

2023

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

For the years ended December 31 
Unaudited Prior Years
2018

IBNR 
liabilities 
and 
expected 
development 
on reported 
claims

Cumulative 
number of 
reported 
claims

3
14
—
114
155
223
1,453
3,200
8,159
64,895

2,047
1,832
2,191
2,536
2,356
2,156
1,892
2,080
2,481
1,851

2014. . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . 

48,946

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000
50,087
57,209
65,778
71,012
58,488
40,646
55,102
60,008
85,522
— 109,997
653,849

55,047
58,417
— 55,683
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

53,272
58,008
67,098
— 52,715
—
—
—
—
—
—

55,148
— 44,305
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

49,956
57,475
65,074
71,505
52,999
43,406
— 57,745
—
—
—

50,646
57,524
63,532
74,425
49,054
— 50,247
—
—
—
—

51,712
57,282
64,789
75,847
— 43,103
—
—
—
—
—

50,102
57,101
65,806
71,516
59,144
41,433
51,517
64,493
— 100,030
—

49,931
57,206
65,498
71,543
59,265
41,649
50,876
— 74,394
—
—

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the net ultimate loss increased by USD 228,381 thousand for accident 

year 2023 and decreased by USD 39,294 thousand for accident years 2022 and prior. The decrease in prior years’ 

ultimate losses is comparable to USD 42,015 thousand in 2022 and is split between USD 19,193 for the long-tail 

business,  USD  16,915  thousand  for  the  short-tail  business  and  USD  3,186  thousand  for  the  reinsurance  business. 

Assumptions for future inflation have been updated to reflect the increase in the costs of goods and some services and 

an anticipated knock-on change in wage-related costs. The decrease in ultimate losses is however driven by consistent 

favorable claims experience.

Claims development

The following tables provide information about incurred and paid claims development, net of reinsurance, as 

well as cumulative claims frequency. The tables include IBNR reserves plus expected development on reported claims, 

and the cumulative number of reported claims as at December 31, 2023. Cumulative number of reported claims is 

reported on a per claim basis.

Information about incurred and paid claims development for the years ended December 31, 2014 to December 31, 

2022 is presented as unaudited supplementary information.

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . 

2017. . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . 

3,291

8,443

3,633

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

9,215

8,137

2,758

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

For the years ended December 31 

Unaudited Prior Years

10,013

8,073

7,868

4,542

12,513

11,031

17,376

25,186

— 42,580

11,825

9,885

15,373

27,658

44,766

— 61,152

11,549

9,467

17,299

28,840

45,182

62,689

11,396

8,895

17,096

26,826

41,041

50,375

90,179

11,256

9,257

16,830

25,431

35,191

54,433

82,863

78,749

11,455

9,237

16,099

23,894

43,288

53,582

84,893

61,989

73,707

— 88,444

466,588

—

—

—

—

— 85,084

—

—

—

— 100,084

—

—

— 83,392

—

IBNR 

liabilities 

and 

expected 

development 

on reported 

claims

Cumulative 

number of 

reported 

claims

4

11

810

1,291

8,568

7,792

12,915

22,989

45,179

74,112

508

738

922

1,523

2,303

3,743

3,267

2,394

2,167

2,138

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Long-tail

For the years ended December 31 

Unaudited Prior Years

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . . 

2015. . . . . . . . 

2016. . . . . . . . 

2017. . . . . . . . 

2018. . . . . . . . 

2019. . . . . . . . 

2020. . . . . . . . 

2021. . . . . . . . 

2022. . . . . . . . 

2023. . . . . . . . 

Total . . . . . . . 

1,444

5,681

941

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

7,694

4,535

2,639

509

—

—

—

—

—

—

9,092

5,675

5,119

4,877

2,807

—

—

—

—

—

10,583

6,240

7,071

11,092

10,915

4,463

—

—

—

—

10,867

6,841

7,981

15,967

17,326

17,503

4,573

—

—

—

11,074

7,007

12,074

18,242

20,715

22,951

22,884

4,519

—

—

11,132

6,919

13,405

19,297

24,993

31,363

39,541

14,775

3,293

—

11,253

8,422

14,111

20,324

29,334

36,508

52,719

24,693

15,322

4,985

217,671

2,892

251,809

All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

—

—

—

—

—

7,392

2,128

792

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Long-tail

As of December 31, 2023

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

For the years ended December 31  
Unaudited Prior Years
2018

2019

2017

2020

2021

2022

2023

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Specialty Short-tail

2014. . . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . . 
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000
49,688
56,808
65,172
67,334
54,285
35,043
29,869
43,704
40,185
15,517
457,605
2,063
198,307

10,356
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

49,496
55,976
62,054
50,218
34,338
8,654
—
—
—
—

36,942
16,300
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

48,346
50,581
44,609
16,317
—
—
—
—
—
—

49,359
56,154
62,665
58,223
47,573
21,029
6,737
—
—
—

42,468
36,771
15,751
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

49,373
52,759
59,442
39,217
17,087
—
—
—
—
—

49,657
56,724
64,914
67,460
51,232
33,847
26,771
29,782
10,428
—

49,414
56,181
64,112
63,029
51,100
30,993
17,591
10,396
—
—

Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Reinsurance

As of December 31, 2023

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

For the years ended December 31 
Unaudited Prior Years
2018

2019

2017

2020

2021

2022

2023

2014. . . . . . . 
2015. . . . . . . 
2016. . . . . . . 
2017. . . . . . . 
2018. . . . . . . 
2019. . . . . . . 
2020. . . . . . . 
2021. . . . . . . 
2022. . . . . . . 
2023. . . . . . . 
Total . . . . . . 

5,661
5,888
5,891
9,563

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000
5,019
5,946
7,209
14,704
8,901
11,039
10,785
20,346
12,971
— 29,940
126,860

5,139
6,187
7,403
14,758
11,168
— 14,333
—
—
—
—

5,005
6,012
7,183
14,989
8,718
11,062
11,526
19,628
— 16,184
—

5,133
6,419
7,303
15,243
— 10,092
—
—
—
—
—

5,007
6,149
7,476
15,783
9,073
10,936
10,900
— 17,788
—
—

4,998
6,050
7,594
15,150
9,225
11,363
— 11,437
—
—
—

6,613
2,100
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

6,444
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

6,157
4,385
3,299
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

F-24

F-25

IBNR  
liabilities  
and  
expected  
development  
on reported  
claims
USD ’000

1
4
22
124
67
168
348
1,274
1,244
16,349

Cumulative  
number of  
reported  
claims

250
230
305
423
437
490
455
431
397
248

208

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

7. 

PREMIUMS AND REINSURANCE INFORMATION

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Reinsurance

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

For the years ended December 31 
Unaudited Prior Years
2018

2019

2017

2020

2021

2022

2023

2014. . . . . . . . .
2015. . . . . . . . .
2016. . . . . . . . .
2017. . . . . . . . .
2018. . . . . . . . .
2019. . . . . . . . .
2020. . . . . . . . .
2021. . . . . . . . .
2022. . . . . . . . .
2023. . . . . . . . .
Total . . . . . . . .
All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000
5,006
5,842
6,952
13,257
7,882
9,680
5,240
13,437
5,316
5,373
77,985
497
49,372

4,958
5,734
6,804
12,815
7,365
8,532
3,123
1,179
—
—

4,961
5,745
6,872
13,156
7,610
9,256
4,304
8,154
951
—

4,832
5,738
6,612
12,633
6,999
7,207
97
—
—
—

5,106
(178)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

4,709
4,649
3,106
2,593
—
—
—
—
—
—

4,704
5,395
5,223
7,436
131
—
—
—
—
—

4,821
5,659
6,102
9,375
5,675
2,527
—
—
—
—

5,024
2,881
359
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

745
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—

The following table presents unaudited supplementary information about the average annual percentage payout 

of incurred claims, net of reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Insurance Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance
Year 5

Year 4

Year 8

Year 7

Year 6

Year 3

Year 2

Year 9

Year 1

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . .
Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32%
53%
46%

23%
25%
23%

17%
11%
13%

11%
6%
7%

7%
3%
4%

5%
1%
3%

3%
1%
2%

1%
—
1%

1%
—
1%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the net incurred and paid loss development tables to the reserve 

for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as at December 31, 2023:

Net outstanding liabilities

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of allowance for 

expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total gross reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

As of
December 31,
2023
USD ’000

251,809
198,307
49,372
499,488
361
499,849

105,186
107,424
—
212,610
(361)

212,249
712,098

F-26

F-27

209

The  Group  purchases  reinsurance  as  part  of  its  risk  mitigation  programme.  Reinsurance  ceded  is  placed  on 

both  a  proportional  and  non-proportional  basis. The  proportional  reinsurance  is  quota-share  reinsurance  which  is 

taken out to reduce the overall exposure of the Group to certain classes of business. Non-proportional reinsurance 

is primarily excess-of-loss reinsurance designed to mitigate the Group’s net exposure to catastrophe losses and large 

claims. Retention limits for the excess-of-loss reinsurance vary by class of business. Also, a significant portion of the 

reinsurance is affected under the facultative reinsurance contracts to cover a single risk exposure.

The following table sets forth the effect of reinsurance activity on written and earned premiums and on net loss 

and loss adjustment expenses:

Written premiums:

Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earned premiums:

Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss and loss adjustment expense:

Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

348,418

340,260

(191,465)

497,213

321,556

313,458

(187,862)

447,152

141,092

122,688

(74,693)

189,087

301,291

280,692

(189,158)

392,825

284,436

272,067

(180,112)

376,391

112,078

123,128

(77,644)

157,562

267,451

269,785

(157,923)

379,313

251,672

234,914

(149,955)

336,631

128,730

70,056

(25,747)

173,039

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

8.  DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS, NET OF CEDING COMMISSIONS

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Acquisition costs deferred  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amortization of deferred acquisition costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57,941

82,307

(74,976)

65,272

56,767

71,373

(70,199)

57,941

49,452

66,937

(59,622)

56,767

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6.  RESERVES FOR UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES (cont.)

7. 

PREMIUMS AND REINSURANCE INFORMATION

Cumulative Paid Claims and Claim Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance – Reinsurance

For the years ended December 31 

Unaudited Prior Years

Accident year

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000 USD ’000

2014. . . . . . . . .

2015. . . . . . . . .

2016. . . . . . . . .

2017. . . . . . . . .

2018. . . . . . . . .

2019. . . . . . . . .

2020. . . . . . . . .

2021. . . . . . . . .

2022. . . . . . . . .

2023. . . . . . . . .

Total . . . . . . . .

745

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5,106

(178)

5,024

2,881

359

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4,709

4,649

3,106

2,593

—

—

—

—

—

—

4,704

5,395

5,223

7,436

131

—

—

—

—

—

4,821

5,659

6,102

9,375

5,675

2,527

—

—

—

—

4,832

5,738

6,612

6,999

7,207

97

—

—

—

4,958

5,734

6,804

7,365

8,532

3,123

1,179

—

—

4,961

5,745

6,872

7,610

9,256

4,304

8,154

951

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

12,633

12,815

13,156

13,257

5,006

5,842

6,952

7,882

9,680

5,240

13,437

5,316

5,373

77,985

497

All outstanding liabilities prior to 2014, net of reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49,372

The following table presents unaudited supplementary information about the average annual percentage payout 

of incurred claims, net of reinsurance for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Insurance Claims by Age, Net of Reinsurance

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Year 4

Year 5

Year 6

Year 7

Year 8

Year 9

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . .

Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . .

Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32%

53%

46%

23%

25%

23%

17%

11%

13%

11%

6%

7%

7%

3%

4%

5%

1%

3%

3%

2%

1% —

1%

1%

1%

—

1%

The following table provides a reconciliation of the net incurred and paid loss development tables to the reserve 

for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses as at December 31, 2023:

Net outstanding liabilities

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reserve for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of allowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Specialty Long-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Specialty Short-tail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Reinsurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Allowance for expected credit losses on reinsurance recoverables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of allowance for 

expected credit losses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total gross reserves for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

December 31,

As of

2023

USD ’000

251,809

198,307

49,372

499,488

361

499,849

105,186

107,424

—

212,610

(361)

212,249

712,098

The  Group  purchases  reinsurance  as  part  of  its  risk  mitigation  programme.  Reinsurance  ceded  is  placed  on 
both  a  proportional  and  non-proportional  basis. The  proportional  reinsurance  is  quota-share  reinsurance  which  is 
taken out to reduce the overall exposure of the Group to certain classes of business. Non-proportional reinsurance 
is primarily excess-of-loss reinsurance designed to mitigate the Group’s net exposure to catastrophe losses and large 
claims. Retention limits for the excess-of-loss reinsurance vary by class of business. Also, a significant portion of the 
reinsurance is affected under the facultative reinsurance contracts to cover a single risk exposure.

The following table sets forth the effect of reinsurance activity on written and earned premiums and on net loss 

and loss adjustment expenses:

Written premiums:
Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Earned premiums:
Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Loss and loss adjustment expense:
Direct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assumed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

348,418
340,260
(191,465)
497,213

321,556
313,458
(187,862)
447,152

141,092
122,688
(74,693)
189,087

301,291
280,692
(189,158)
392,825

284,436
272,067
(180,112)
376,391

112,078
123,128
(77,644)
157,562

267,451
269,785
(157,923)
379,313

251,672
234,914
(149,955)
336,631

128,730
70,056
(25,747)
173,039

8.  DEFERRED POLICY ACQUISITION COSTS, NET OF CEDING COMMISSIONS

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Acquisition costs deferred  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57,941
82,307
(74,976)
65,272

56,767
71,373
(70,199)
57,941

49,452
66,937
(59,622)
56,767

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

F-26

F-27

210

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. 

LEASES

The Group leases space for offices in Bermuda, UK, UAE, Malaysia, Malta and Morocco. All of these leases are 
classified as operating leases, and the Group has recognized ROU assets as below. These leases have a remaining lease 
term ranging between 2 to 9 years, some of which include options to renew the lease term. Additional information of 
the Group’s leases are as follows:

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

Cash payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities in operating 

cash flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

913

Cash payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities in financing 

cash flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Right-of-use assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Operating lease liability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Operating lease charge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Weighted average discount rate (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

35
2,083
2,133
771
4.3%
3.5

1,035

7
2,614
2,663
963
4.0%
3.2

Right-of-use  assets  are  included  in  “Other  assets”  while  the  operating  lease  liability  is  included  in  “Other 

liabilities”.

The  following  table  presents  the  contractual  maturities  of  the  Company’s  operating  lease  liabilities  at 

December 31, 2023:

Years Ending December 31,
2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2026. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2027. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2028 and after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total undiscounted lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: present value adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating lease liability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USD ’000

966
774
348
83
306
2,477
(344)
2,133

10.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

Warrants

In connection with the reverse recapitalization, the Group issued 17,250,000 warrants, including (i) 12,750,000 warrants 
issued to former stockholders of Tiberius (the “Public Warrants”) and (ii) 4,500,000 warrants that were issued in exchange 
for 4,500,000 Tiberius warrants transferred to former shareholders of IGI (the “Private Warrants”).

The Public Warrants and Private Warrants broadly had similar terms.

On July 28, 2023, the Company announced that it had commenced an offer to purchase all of its outstanding 
Warrants. As per the terms of the tender, the Company offered to purchase the Warrants (at a price of USD 0.95 per 
warrant) from any warrant holder who does not validly withdraw from the offer or who has not exercised their warrants 
by the expiration date (September 19, 2023). Any warrant holder who has validly withdrawn from the offer before the 
expiration date will be given an additional 14 days after expiration date to exercise their warrants before they would be 
obliged to accept the offer at USD 0.86 per warrant.

As of the expiration date, 12,047,600 public warrants had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn from 
the offer, and 4,500,000 private warrants had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn from the offer. As of 
October 4, 2023 (14 days after expiration date), for the remaining 702,400 public warrants, the offer was deemed to be 
accepted and payment of USD 0.86 per warrant was made for redemption.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10.  DDERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (cont.)

The following table summarizes the impact of this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Fair value loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Gain on derecognition of warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total amount recognised in consolidated statement of income in change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of IGI’s common stock issuable upon exercise of 

warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:

2023

USD ’000

(6,453)

134

(6,319)

Exercise

Redemption

price

(USD)

price

(USD)

Expiration

date

11.5

11.5

18.0 March 17, 2025

18.0 March 17, 2025

Liability

Liability

2,168

765

7,395

2,610

Classification

(USD ’000)

(USD ’000)

Fair value

gain for

2022

Fair value at

December 31,

2022

Number of

shares

12,750,000

4,500,000

Public warrants . . . . 

Private warrants . . . 

See also Note 20.

Earnout Shares classified as liability

Earnout Shares issued to former stockholders of Tiberius and former shareholders of IGI are accounted for as liability 

classified instruments because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of Earnout Shares to be earned 

include multiple settlements alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common stock of the Company.

The fair value of this liability is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This approach takes into 

account the share price as at the Valuation Date, the threshold price for vesting, expected volatility (estimated using 

historical share price movements of comparable companies), expected dividend yield, the risk-free rate, and the earn 

out period up to March 17, 2028.

The Earnout Shares are subject to vesting at stock prices ranging from USD 11.50 to 15.25.

On December 13, 2023, the first vesting threshold of the Earnout Shares was achieved. Accordingly, 1,400,000 

were transferred to equity and no longer considered a liability.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the Earnout Shares at each 

of the relevant year:

Stock price (USD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Expected volatility (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Risk free rate (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Expected term (in years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Expected dividends (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.88

25.0%

3.91%

4.21

0.31%

8.00

27.5%

3.98%

5.21

0.50%

The table below illustrates the movement on the Earnout Shares during the year:

December 31,

December 31,

2023

2022

Fair value of Earnout Shares at the beginning of the year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Change in fair value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Transfer of the vested Earnout Shares to equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fair value of Earnout Shares at the end of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

13,800

20,970

(17,480)

17,290

15,470

(1,670)

—

13,800

December 31,

December 31,

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

F-28

F-29

211

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

9. 

LEASES

The Group leases space for offices in Bermuda, UK, UAE, Malaysia, Malta and Morocco. All of these leases are 

classified as operating leases, and the Group has recognized ROU assets as below. These leases have a remaining lease 

term ranging between 2 to 9 years, some of which include options to renew the lease term. Additional information of 

the Group’s leases are as follows:

Cash payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities in operating 

cash flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cash payments included in the measurement of lease liabilities in financing 

cash flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Right-of-use assets  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Operating lease liability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Operating lease charge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Weighted average discount rate (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Weighted average remaining lease term (years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

913

35

2,083

2,133

771

4.3%

3.5

1,035

7

2,614

2,663

963

4.0%

3.2

liabilities”.

December 31, 2023:

Years Ending December 31,

The  following  table  presents  the  contractual  maturities  of  the  Company’s  operating  lease  liabilities  at 

2024. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2025. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2026. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2027. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2028 and after . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total undiscounted lease liability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: present value adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Operating lease liability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

USD ’000

966

774

348

83

306

2,477

(344)

2,133

10.  DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

Warrants

In connection with the reverse recapitalization, the Group issued 17,250,000 warrants, including (i) 12,750,000 warrants 

issued to former stockholders of Tiberius (the “Public Warrants”) and (ii) 4,500,000 warrants that were issued in exchange 

for 4,500,000 Tiberius warrants transferred to former shareholders of IGI (the “Private Warrants”).

The Public Warrants and Private Warrants broadly had similar terms.

On July 28, 2023, the Company announced that it had commenced an offer to purchase all of its outstanding 

Warrants. As per the terms of the tender, the Company offered to purchase the Warrants (at a price of USD 0.95 per 

warrant) from any warrant holder who does not validly withdraw from the offer or who has not exercised their warrants 

by the expiration date (September 19, 2023). Any warrant holder who has validly withdrawn from the offer before the 

expiration date will be given an additional 14 days after expiration date to exercise their warrants before they would be 

obliged to accept the offer at USD 0.86 per warrant.

As of the expiration date, 12,047,600 public warrants had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn from 

the offer, and 4,500,000 private warrants had been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn from the offer. As of 

October 4, 2023 (14 days after expiration date), for the remaining 702,400 public warrants, the offer was deemed to be 

accepted and payment of USD 0.86 per warrant was made for redemption.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

10.  DDERIVATIVE FINANCIAL LIABILITIES (cont.)

The following table summarizes the impact of this transaction for the year ended December 31, 2023:

Fair value loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain on derecognition of warrants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total amount recognised in consolidated statement of income in change in fair value of derivative 
financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000

(6,453)
134

(6,319)

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of IGI’s common stock issuable upon exercise of 

warrants outstanding at December 31, 2022:

Public warrants . . . . 
Private warrants . . . 

Number of
shares
12,750,000
4,500,000

Exercise
price
(USD)

Redemption
price
(USD)

Expiration
date

11.5
11.5

18.0 March 17, 2025
18.0 March 17, 2025

Classification
Liability
Liability

Fair value
gain for
2022
(USD ’000)
2,168
765

Fair value at
December 31,
2022
(USD ’000)

7,395
2,610

Right-of-use  assets  are  included  in  “Other  assets”  while  the  operating  lease  liability  is  included  in  “Other 

See also Note 20.

Earnout Shares classified as liability

Earnout Shares issued to former stockholders of Tiberius and former shareholders of IGI are accounted for as liability 
classified instruments because the earnout triggering events that determine the number of Earnout Shares to be earned 
include multiple settlements alternatives and events that are not solely indexed to the common stock of the Company.

The fair value of this liability is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. This approach takes into 
account the share price as at the Valuation Date, the threshold price for vesting, expected volatility (estimated using 
historical share price movements of comparable companies), expected dividend yield, the risk-free rate, and the earn 
out period up to March 17, 2028.

The Earnout Shares are subject to vesting at stock prices ranging from USD 11.50 to 15.25.

On December 13, 2023, the first vesting threshold of the Earnout Shares was achieved. Accordingly, 1,400,000 

were transferred to equity and no longer considered a liability.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in estimating the fair value of the Earnout Shares at each 

of the relevant year:

Stock price (USD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Expected volatility (%) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Risk free rate (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Expected term (in years) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Expected dividends (%)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

12.88
25.0%
3.91%
4.21
0.31%

8.00
27.5%
3.98%
5.21
0.50%

The table below illustrates the movement on the Earnout Shares during the year:

December 31,
2023

December 31,
2022

Fair value of Earnout Shares at the beginning of the year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Change in fair value  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Transfer of the vested Earnout Shares to equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Fair value of Earnout Shares at the end of year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

13,800
20,970
(17,480)
17,290

15,470
(1,670)
—
13,800

December 31,
2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

F-28

F-29

212

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11.  COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER ITEMS

12.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (cont.)

Concentrations of credit risk

The following table sets out the number of common shares issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2023 and 

The areas where significant concentrations of credit risk may exist include fixed maturity securities, cash and 
cash  equivalents,  premiums  receivables  and  reinsurance  recoverables.  The  Company  limits  the  amount  of  credit 
exposure to issuers and there were no fixed maturity securities in any single issuer exceeding 5% of the aggregate 
fixed maturity securities portfolio as at December 31, 2023. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents in several 
banks and ensures that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk in any bank. Refer to “Note 3. Investments” 
for information with respect to investments and to “Note 4. Receivables” with respect to premiums receivable and 
reinsurance recoverables.

Letters of Credit and other commitments

As of the date of the consolidated financial statements, the Group is contingently liable for the following:

• 

• 

• 

Letters of credit amounting to USD 1,826 thousand to the order of reinsurance companies for collateralizing 
insurance  contract  liabilities  in  accordance  with  the  reinsurance  arrangements  (December  31,  2022: 
USD 2,917 thousand).

The  Company’s  current  arrangements  with  our  bankers  for  the  issue  of  letters  of  credit  require  us  to 
provide  collateral  in  the  form  of  investments  whereby  the  issued  letters  of  credit  do  not  exceed  70% 
of  the  collateralized  investment. As  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  these  investments  amounted  to 
USD 2,608 thousand and USD 4,167 thousand, respectively. We do not consider that this unduly restricts 
our liquidity at this time.

Letter of guarantee amounting to USD 307 thousand to the order of Friends Provident Life Assurance 
Limited  for  collateralizing  a  rent  payment  obligation  in  one  of  the  Group  entity’s  office  premises 
(December 31, 2022: USD 292 thousand).

In 2021, the Group signed a legally non-binding agreement with the University of California, San Francisco 
Foundation to contribute an amount of USD 1,250 thousand in five instalments over five years to support 
cancer  research  projects.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Group  has  paid  USD  750  thousand  and  the 
remaining two instalments amounted to USD 500 thousand shall be made equally over the years from 
2024 to 2025.

12.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common shares

Under  the  Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws,  the  authorized  share  capital  of  the  Group  consists  of 
750,000,000 common shares, par value USD 0.01 per share, and 100,000,000 preference shares, par value USD 0.01 per 
share. As at December 31, 2023, the share capital was 44,500,879 (December 31, 2022: 46,013,309) common shares 
issued  and  outstanding  (including  39,200  common  shares  (“Earnout  Shares”)  as  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022 
subject  to  vesting  but  which  are  issued  and  outstanding  for  purposes  of  voting  and  receipt  of  dividends),  and  no 
preference shares issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding common shares are fully paid.

December 31, 2022:

Common shares (par value of USD 0.01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

43,584,549

Earnout Shares* (par value of USD 0.01)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

39,200

Common shares under share-based compensation plan (par value of USD 0.01) 

(note 18)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31, 2023

Number of 

shares

Par  

value

USD ’000

877,130

44,500,879

December 31, 2022

Number of  

shares

Par  

value

USD ’000

436

—

9

445

453

—

7

460

December 31, 2023

Number of  

shares

Par  

value

USD ’000

1,668

3,421,238

(3,419,106)

3,800

Number of 

shares

December 31, 2022

31,090

(31,055)

14

49

Par  

value

USD ’000

—

2,394

(2,380)

14

Common shares (par value of USD 0.01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

45,306,928

Earnout Shares* (par value of USD 0.01)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

39,200

Common shares under share-based compensation plan (par value of USD 0.01) 

(note 18)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

667,181

46,013,309

* 

Earnout  Shares  are  considered  outstanding  shares  and  have  dividend  and  voting  rights,  however,  the  Earnout  Shares  are 

non-transferable by their holders until they vest and, if the Earnout Shares do not vest on or prior to March 17, 2028, they 

will be cancelled by the Company.

Treasury shares

On 23 May 2022, the Group announced that the Board of Directors has approved a repurchase authorization of 

up to 5 million of its issued and outstanding common shares. This authorization, which does not have an expiration 

date, replaced the Group’s prior authorization of an aggregate consideration of up to USD 5,000 thousand, which was 

terminated. The table below illustrates the movement on the treasury shares during the year:

Balance at the beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cancellation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Balance at the end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Balance at the beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Cancellation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Balance at the end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

—

310,542

(308,874)

1,668

F-30

F-31

213

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023   
The areas where significant concentrations of credit risk may exist include fixed maturity securities, cash and 

cash  equivalents,  premiums  receivables  and  reinsurance  recoverables.  The  Company  limits  the  amount  of  credit 

exposure to issuers and there were no fixed maturity securities in any single issuer exceeding 5% of the aggregate 

fixed maturity securities portfolio as at December 31, 2023. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents in several 

banks and ensures that there are no significant concentrations of credit risk in any bank. Refer to “Note 3. Investments” 

for information with respect to investments and to “Note 4. Receivables” with respect to premiums receivable and 

reinsurance recoverables.

Letters of Credit and other commitments

As of the date of the consolidated financial statements, the Group is contingently liable for the following:

• 

Letters of credit amounting to USD 1,826 thousand to the order of reinsurance companies for collateralizing 

insurance  contract  liabilities  in  accordance  with  the  reinsurance  arrangements  (December  31,  2022: 

USD 2,917 thousand).

The  Company’s  current  arrangements  with  our  bankers  for  the  issue  of  letters  of  credit  require  us  to 

provide  collateral  in  the  form  of  investments  whereby  the  issued  letters  of  credit  do  not  exceed  70% 

of  the  collateralized  investment. As  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  these  investments  amounted  to 

USD 2,608 thousand and USD 4,167 thousand, respectively. We do not consider that this unduly restricts 

our liquidity at this time.

• 

Letter of guarantee amounting to USD 307 thousand to the order of Friends Provident Life Assurance 

Limited  for  collateralizing  a  rent  payment  obligation  in  one  of  the  Group  entity’s  office  premises 

(December 31, 2022: USD 292 thousand).

• 

In 2021, the Group signed a legally non-binding agreement with the University of California, San Francisco 

Foundation to contribute an amount of USD 1,250 thousand in five instalments over five years to support 

cancer  research  projects.  As  at  December  31,  2023,  the  Group  has  paid  USD  750  thousand  and  the 

remaining two instalments amounted to USD 500 thousand shall be made equally over the years from 

2024 to 2025.

12.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common shares

Under  the  Amended  and  Restated  Bye-laws,  the  authorized  share  capital  of  the  Group  consists  of 

750,000,000 common shares, par value USD 0.01 per share, and 100,000,000 preference shares, par value USD 0.01 per 

share. As at December 31, 2023, the share capital was 44,500,879 (December 31, 2022: 46,013,309) common shares 

issued  and  outstanding  (including  39,200  common  shares  (“Earnout  Shares”)  as  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022 

subject  to  vesting  but  which  are  issued  and  outstanding  for  purposes  of  voting  and  receipt  of  dividends),  and  no 

preference shares issued and outstanding. All of the issued and outstanding common shares are fully paid.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11.  COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER ITEMS

12.  SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (cont.)

Concentrations of credit risk

The following table sets out the number of common shares issued and outstanding as at December 31, 2023 and 

December 31, 2022:

Common shares (par value of USD 0.01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Earnout Shares* (par value of USD 0.01)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Common shares under share-based compensation plan (par value of USD 0.01) 
(note 18)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Common shares (par value of USD 0.01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Earnout Shares* (par value of USD 0.01)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Common shares under share-based compensation plan (par value of USD 0.01) 
(note 18)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31, 2023

Number of 
shares

Par  
value
USD ’000

43,584,549
39,200

877,130
44,500,879

436
—

9
445

December 31, 2022

Number of  
shares

Par  
value
USD ’000

45,306,928
39,200

667,181
46,013,309

453
—

7
460

* 

Earnout  Shares  are  considered  outstanding  shares  and  have  dividend  and  voting  rights,  however,  the  Earnout  Shares  are 
non-transferable by their holders until they vest and, if the Earnout Shares do not vest on or prior to March 17, 2028, they 
will be cancelled by the Company.

Treasury shares

On 23 May 2022, the Group announced that the Board of Directors has approved a repurchase authorization of 
up to 5 million of its issued and outstanding common shares. This authorization, which does not have an expiration 
date, replaced the Group’s prior authorization of an aggregate consideration of up to USD 5,000 thousand, which was 
terminated. The table below illustrates the movement on the treasury shares during the year:

Balance at the beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cancellation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Balance at the end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

1,668
3,421,238
(3,419,106)
3,800

14
31,090
(31,055)
49

December 31, 2023

Number of  
shares

Par  
value
USD ’000

Balance at the beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Purchases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Cancellation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Balance at the end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

—
310,542
(308,874)
1,668

—
2,394
(2,380)
14

December 31, 2022

Number of 
shares

Par  
value
USD ’000

F-30

F-31

214

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.             
International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14.  TAXATION (cont.)

net income.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

IGI Casablanca — Representative Office has no income sources. According to Casablanca Finance City Tax Code, 

regional offices are taxed at a rate of 10%. The taxable base is 5% of the operating cost.

I.G.I Underwriting is a tax-exempt company in Jordan as its main business activity is to act as an underwriting agent 

in respect of insurance and reinsurance business written outside Jordan.

IGI Nordic is subject to the normal standard rate in Norway of 25%.

International General Insurance Holdings Limited and International General Insurance Company (Dubai) Ltd. are not 

subject to income tax according to the tax law in UAE.

Income tax expense (benefit) is comprised as follows:

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Current income tax expense (benefit):

Current income tax charge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Amounts in respect of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred tax expense:

Origination and reversal of temporary differences . . . . . . . . . .

Amounts in respect of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense for the year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,401

12

1,165

276

7,854

As noted above, the tax rate in Bermuda, the Company’s country of domicile, is currently zero. Application of 

the statutory income tax rate for operations in other jurisdictions produces a differential to the expected income tax 

expense as shown below. The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount that would result from 

applying the statutory rate for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is provided below

Reconciliation of tax expense and the accounting income multiplied by the applicable tax rate is as follows:

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Income tax at expected tax rate of zero percent . . . . . . . . . . . .

Foreign statutory tax rates differential  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Non-deductible expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense (benefit) for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

7,825

60

(31)

7,854

3,261

(22)

(310)

3

2,932

3,027

—

73

(168)

2,932

2,179

97

(462)

—

1,814

1,838

—

80

(104)

1,814

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

13.  ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

A summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (where applicable) by 

According to the Labuan Business Activity Tax Law, Labuan registered entities are subject to 3% tax on the audited 

component for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:

2023
USD ’000

December 31,
2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities arising 

during the year, net of taxes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Reclassification of net realized losses included in net income . . . . . 
Foreign currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

23,856
(477)
27
23,406

(48,454)
(619)
(57)
(49,130)

(9,891)
(88)
(16)
(9,995)

The amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income shown in the above table have 

been included in the following captions in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):

Realized gains and losses on securities:
Net realized investment losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income tax benefit  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

(538)
61
(477)

(627)
8
(619)

(120)
32
(88)

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

14.  TAXATION

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  Company’s  income  (loss)  before  taxes  allocated  between  domestic  and 

foreign operations:

Domestic:
Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Foreign:
U.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Income before taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

91,769

72,827

37,423

28,494
5,785
126,048

17,029
2,310
92,166

11,493
(288)
48,628

• 

• 

• 

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. is not subject to income tax according to the tax law in 
Bermuda.

International General Insurance Co. Ltd is a tax-exempt company according to the tax law in Bermuda.

IGI UK and North Star Underwriting Limited are subject to corporate taxation in accordance with the UK 
Tax Law. An increase from the current 19% UK corporation tax rate to 25%, effective from 1 April 2023, 
was announced in the Budget on 3 March 2021 and enacted on 10 June 2021.

* 

Income (loss) before taxes in “Other” mostly relates to subsidiaries and branches operating in Labuan, Morocco, Jordan, 
Norway, and U.A.E. with the following tax rules applicable:

• 

International General Insurance Company (Europe) SE (IGI Europe) is subject to the normal standard rate in Malta 
of 35%.

F-32

F-33

215

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

13.  ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

14.  TAXATION (cont.)

A summary of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (where applicable) by 

component for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is presented below:

2023

USD ’000

December 31,

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity securities arising 

during the year, net of taxes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Reclassification of net realized losses included in net income . . . . . 

Foreign currency translation adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other comprehensive income (loss) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

23,856

(477)

27

23,406

(48,454)

(9,891)

(619)

(57)

(88)

(16)

(49,130)

(9,995)

The amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income shown in the above table have 

been included in the following captions in our Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss):

Realized gains and losses on securities:

Net realized investment losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income tax benefit  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net of taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

(538)

61

(477)

(627)

8

(619)

(120)

32

(88)

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

14.  TAXATION

foreign operations:

Domestic:

Foreign:

The  following  is  a  summary  of  the  Company’s  income  (loss)  before  taxes  allocated  between  domestic  and 

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

91,769

72,827

37,423

U.K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Income before taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

28,494

5,785

126,048

17,029

2,310

92,166

11,493

(288)

48,628

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. is not subject to income tax according to the tax law in 

Bermuda.

International General Insurance Co. Ltd is a tax-exempt company according to the tax law in Bermuda.

IGI UK and North Star Underwriting Limited are subject to corporate taxation in accordance with the UK 

Tax Law. An increase from the current 19% UK corporation tax rate to 25%, effective from 1 April 2023, 

was announced in the Budget on 3 March 2021 and enacted on 10 June 2021.

* 

Income (loss) before taxes in “Other” mostly relates to subsidiaries and branches operating in Labuan, Morocco, Jordan, 

Norway, and U.A.E. with the following tax rules applicable:

International General Insurance Company (Europe) SE (IGI Europe) is subject to the normal standard rate in Malta 

of 35%.

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

According to the Labuan Business Activity Tax Law, Labuan registered entities are subject to 3% tax on the audited 
net income.

IGI Casablanca — Representative Office has no income sources. According to Casablanca Finance City Tax Code, 
regional offices are taxed at a rate of 10%. The taxable base is 5% of the operating cost.

I.G.I Underwriting is a tax-exempt company in Jordan as its main business activity is to act as an underwriting agent 
in respect of insurance and reinsurance business written outside Jordan.

IGI Nordic is subject to the normal standard rate in Norway of 25%.

International General Insurance Holdings Limited and International General Insurance Company (Dubai) Ltd. are not 
subject to income tax according to the tax law in UAE.

Income tax expense (benefit) is comprised as follows:

Current income tax expense (benefit):
Current income tax charge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amounts in respect of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Deferred tax expense:
Origination and reversal of temporary differences . . . . . . . . . .
Amounts in respect of prior years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax expense for the year  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

6,401
12

1,165
276
7,854

3,261
(22)

(310)
3
2,932

2,179
97

(462)
—
1,814

As noted above, the tax rate in Bermuda, the Company’s country of domicile, is currently zero. Application of 
the statutory income tax rate for operations in other jurisdictions produces a differential to the expected income tax 
expense as shown below. The reconciliation between the income tax expense and the amount that would result from 
applying the statutory rate for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is provided below

Reconciliation of tax expense and the accounting income multiplied by the applicable tax rate is as follows:

Income tax at expected tax rate of zero percent . . . . . . . . . . . .
Foreign statutory tax rates differential  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-deductible expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax expense (benefit) for the year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

—
7,825
60
(31)
7,854

—
3,027
73
(168)
2,932

—
1,838
80
(104)
1,814

F-32

F-33

216

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14.  TAXATION (cont.)

15.  FAIR VALUE

The significant components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

The Group uses the fair value hierarchy discussed in note 2 for determining and disclosing the fair value of 

Deferred tax assets:

Operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Foreign exchange valuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Unrealized losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Deferred tax liabilities:

Foreign exchange valuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other deferred tax valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Net deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31,  
2023
USD ’000

December 31,  
2022
USD ’000

76
—
363
3,961
171
4,571

(220)
(194)
(414)
4,157

398
334
175
4,877
4
5,788

—
—
—
5,788

At December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company had operating losses of USD 217 thousand and USD 1,138 thousand 

in Malta. The operating losses are available to offset future taxable income and do not expire.

market.

On December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, which will 
apply a 15% corporate income tax to certain Bermuda businesses that are part of Multinational Enterprise Groups 
(“MNE Group”). The corporate income tax will take effect from January 1, 2025. An in scope MNE Group is an MNE 
Group if, with respect to any fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2025, the MNE Group has annual revenue 
of EUR 750 million or more in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent entity for at least two of 
the four fiscal years immediately preceding such fiscal year. Based on these provisions, the Company is not currently 
considered an in scope MNE Group.

An increase from the current 19% UK corporation tax rate to 25%, effective from April 1, 2023, was announced 
in  the  Budget  on  March  3,  2021  and  enacted  on  June  10,  2021. As  a  result,  UK  deferred  tax  balances  have  been 
revalued to take this rate change into account, where relevant.

In January 2022, the Ministry of Finance in the UAE announced that it will introduce federal Corporate tax (CT) 

on the net profits of businesses. The tax will become applicable on 1 January 2024.

At  December  31,  2023,  the  Group’s  current  income  tax  payable  (included  in  “Other  liabilities”)  was 

USD 2,854 thousand. The tax returns that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions are as follows:

At December 31, 2023
Major tax Jurisdiction
UK
Malta

Open Tax  
Years

2023
2021 – 2023

financial instruments by valuation techniques.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In 

such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been 

determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. 

The Group’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires 

judgment, and the Group considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

In order to determine if a market is active or inactive for a security, the Group considers a number of factors, 

including, but not limited to, the spread between what a seller is asking for a security and what a buyer is bidding for 

the same security, the volume of trading activity for the security in question, the price of the security compared to its 

par value (for fixed maturity investments), and other factors that may be indicative of market activity.

During  2023,  corporate  bonds  available-for-sale  amounting  to  USD  58,764  thousand  were  transferred 

from  level  1  to  level  2  as  at  December  31,  2023.  In  addition,  corporate  bonds  available-for-sale  amounting  to 

USD 52,494 thousand were transferred from level 2 to level 1 as at December 31, 2023. These transfers between 

levels 1 and 2 occur depending on the input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial assets.

There was a transfer of an equity security investment amounting to USD 6,990 thousand out of Level 3 into 

Level 1 during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the investment now having a quoted price in an active 

Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and also 

represents the carrying amount on the Group’s consolidated balance sheets:

Assets measured at fair value:

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:

Foreign governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fair value option:

Equity-method investments measured at 

fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Liabilities measured at fair value:

Derivative financial liabilities (Earnout 

Shares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31, 2023

Level 1

USD ’000

Level 2

USD ’000

Level 3

USD ’000

Total Fair  

Value

USD ’000

2,915

240,716

243,631

26,208

—

—

269,839

9,484

512,475

521,959

—

11,060

—

533,019

—

—

—

—

—

3,522

3,522

12,399

753,191

765,590

26,208

11,060

3,522

806,380

—

—

17,290

17,290

F-34

F-35

217

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14.  TAXATION (cont.)

15.  FAIR VALUE

The significant components of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities were as follows:

The Group uses the fair value hierarchy discussed in note 2 for determining and disclosing the fair value of 

Deferred tax assets:

Operating loss carryforwards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Foreign exchange valuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Allowance for expected credit losses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Unrealized losses on investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total deferred tax assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Deferred tax liabilities:

Foreign exchange valuations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other deferred tax valuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total deferred tax liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Net deferred tax asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31,  

December 31,  

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

76

—

363

3,961

171

4,571

(220)

(194)

(414)

4,157

398

334

175

4,877

4

5,788

—

—

—

5,788

At December 31, 2023 and 2022 the Company had operating losses of USD 217 thousand and USD 1,138 thousand 

in Malta. The operating losses are available to offset future taxable income and do not expire.

On December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, which will 

apply a 15% corporate income tax to certain Bermuda businesses that are part of Multinational Enterprise Groups 

(“MNE Group”). The corporate income tax will take effect from January 1, 2025. An in scope MNE Group is an MNE 

Group if, with respect to any fiscal year beginning on or after January 1, 2025, the MNE Group has annual revenue 

of EUR 750 million or more in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent entity for at least two of 

the four fiscal years immediately preceding such fiscal year. Based on these provisions, the Company is not currently 

considered an in scope MNE Group.

An increase from the current 19% UK corporation tax rate to 25%, effective from April 1, 2023, was announced 

in  the  Budget  on  March  3,  2021  and  enacted  on  June  10,  2021. As  a  result,  UK  deferred  tax  balances  have  been 

revalued to take this rate change into account, where relevant.

In January 2022, the Ministry of Finance in the UAE announced that it will introduce federal Corporate tax (CT) 

on the net profits of businesses. The tax will become applicable on 1 January 2024.

At  December  31,  2023,  the  Group’s  current  income  tax  payable  (included  in  “Other  liabilities”)  was 

USD 2,854 thousand. The tax returns that remain subject to examination by major tax jurisdictions are as follows:

At December 31, 2023

Major tax Jurisdiction

UK

Malta

Open Tax  

Years

2023

2021 – 2023

financial instruments by valuation techniques.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In 
such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been 
determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the asset or liability. 
The Group’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires 
judgment, and the Group considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

In order to determine if a market is active or inactive for a security, the Group considers a number of factors, 
including, but not limited to, the spread between what a seller is asking for a security and what a buyer is bidding for 
the same security, the volume of trading activity for the security in question, the price of the security compared to its 
par value (for fixed maturity investments), and other factors that may be indicative of market activity.

During  2023,  corporate  bonds  available-for-sale  amounting  to  USD  58,764  thousand  were  transferred 
from  level  1  to  level  2  as  at  December  31,  2023.  In  addition,  corporate  bonds  available-for-sale  amounting  to 
USD 52,494 thousand were transferred from level 2 to level 1 as at December 31, 2023. These transfers between 
levels 1 and 2 occur depending on the input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the financial assets.

There was a transfer of an equity security investment amounting to USD 6,990 thousand out of Level 3 into 
Level 1 during the year ended December 31, 2023 as a result of the investment now having a quoted price in an active 
market.

Below is a summary of the assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and also 

represents the carrying amount on the Group’s consolidated balance sheets:

Assets measured at fair value:
Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:
Foreign governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Fair value option:
Equity-method investments measured at 

fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Liabilities measured at fair value:
Derivative financial liabilities (Earnout 

Shares) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

December 31, 2023

Level 1
USD ’000

Level 2
USD ’000

Level 3
USD ’000

Total Fair  
Value
USD ’000

2,915
240,716
243,631

26,208
—

—
269,839

9,484
512,475
521,959

—
11,060

—
533,019

—
—
—

—
—

3,522
3,522

12,399
753,191
765,590

26,208
11,060

3,522
806,380

—

—

17,290

17,290

F-34

F-35

218

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

December 31, 2022

Level 1
USD ’000

Level 2
USD ’000

Level 3
USD ’000

Total Fair  
Value
USD ’000

1,235
99,731
100,966

24,046
—

—
125,012

6,787
381,328
388,115

—
12,237

—
400,352

—
—
—

7,364
—

4,907
12,271

8,022
481,059
489,081

31,410
12,237

4,907
537,635

—

10,005

13,800

23,805

Below is a summary of quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in 

determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

Assets measured at fair value:
Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:
Foreign governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Other Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Fair Value option:
Equity-method investments measured at 

fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Liabilities measured at fair value:
Derivative financial liabilities (Warrants 

and Earnout Shares)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fixed Maturity available-for-sale securities

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities included in Level 1 and Level 2 consist of the majority of the Group’s 
investments in corporate and non-US government securities. The Group’s fixed maturity available-for-sale securities 
are primarily priced using pricing services from pricing vendors. Generally, the pricing vendors provide pricing for a 
high volume of liquid securities that are actively traded. For securities that do not trade on an exchange, the pricing 
services generally utilize market data and other observable inputs in matrix pricing models to determine a reasonable 
fair  value.  Observable  inputs  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  investment  yields,  credit  risks  and  spreads,  reported 
trades, bids, offers, and reference data and industry and economic events. As the significant inputs used in the pricing 
process are observable market inputs, the fair value of these securities is classified within Level 1 and Level 2.

Equity Securities and Other investments

The Group’s exchange traded equity securities are included in Level 1 as their fair values are based on quoted 
market prices in active markets. Other investments consist primarily of mutual funds that generally trade daily and as 
the fair values are based on observable market inputs. The fair values are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. 
The Group has a small number of securities included in Level 3 due to a lack of an available independent pricing source 
and as the significant inputs used to price these securities are unobservable, the fair values are classified as Level 3.

Equity-method investments measured at fair value

The Group accounts for its equity method investments using the fair value option.

The fair value of the Group’s investment was determined using the adjusted net asset value (“NAV”) approach. 
As significant inputs used in the valuation process are unobservable market inputs, the fair value of the investment is 
classified as Level 3. The unobservable inputs may cause significant increases or decreases in the fair value.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

Derivative financial liabilities

The Group’s Public and Private Warrants broadly had similar terms with certain differences in few features and 

the fair values were based on the quoted price of the Public Warrants listed on Nasdaq. See Note 20 for redemption of 

Private Warrants during the year ended December 31, 2023. Although the fair values are based on observable market 

inputs, the fair values are classified as Level 2 due to lack of sufficient trading volume.

The earn out shares issued to Tiberius former stockholders and IGI former shareholders are valued using a Monte 

Carlo simulation model. This approach takes into account the share price as at the valuation date, the threshold price 

for vesting, expected volatility, expected dividend yield, the risk-free rate, and the earn out period up to March 17, 

2028. As the significant inputs used to price the earn out shares are unobservable, the fair values are classified as 

Level 3. The unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the valuation may cause significant increases or decreases 

in the fair value.

Refer to Note 10 — Derivative Financial Liabilities for additional information related to the fair values and types 

of derivatives entered into by the Group.

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

Fair Value 

(Level 3) 

USD’000

Fair Value 

(Level 3) 

USD’000

Weighted  

Average or  

Actual

Weighted 

Average or 

Actual

As at December 31, 2023

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Low

High

Equity-method investments 

measured at fair value . . . . . .

Adjusted net asset value 

of the underlying properties 

Sale price (per square meter) 

3,522

(“NAV”) approach

owned by the investees

N/A

N/A

N/A

Derivative financial liabilities . .

17,290

approach

price

20%

30%

25%

Monte Carlo Simulation 

Volatility of IGI’s share 

As at December 31, 2022

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Low

High

Equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,990

valuation approach

amortization

Multiples based 

Enterprise value to 

earnings before interest, 

tax, depreciation and 

Price to earnings

Price to book value of shares

7.9

10.3

1.1

1.1

8.7

11.4

1.2

1.7

8.3

10.9

1.1

1.4

Multiples based 

Enterprise value to sale 

374

valuation approach

multiple

“Adjusted net asset value 

of the underlying properties 

Sale price (per square meter) 

Equity-method investments 

measured at fair value . . . . . .

4,907

(“NAV”) approach”

owned by the investees

N/A

N/A

N/A

Derivative financial liabilities . .

13,800

approach

price

25%

30%

27.5%

Monte Carlo Simulation 

Volatility of IGI’s share 

F-36

F-37

219

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

December 31, 2022

Level 1

USD ’000

Level 2

USD ’000

Level 3

USD ’000

Total Fair  

Value

USD ’000

1,235

99,731

100,966

24,046

—

—

125,012

6,787

381,328

388,115

—

12,237

—

400,352

—

—

—

7,364

—

4,907

12,271

8,022

481,059

489,081

31,410

12,237

4,907

537,635

Assets measured at fair value:

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities:

Foreign governments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Corporate bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Equity securities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Other Investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fair Value option:

Equity-method investments measured at 

fair value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Liabilities measured at fair value:

Derivative financial liabilities (Warrants 

and Earnout Shares)  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Fixed Maturity available-for-sale securities

Fixed maturity available-for-sale securities included in Level 1 and Level 2 consist of the majority of the Group’s 

investments in corporate and non-US government securities. The Group’s fixed maturity available-for-sale securities 

are primarily priced using pricing services from pricing vendors. Generally, the pricing vendors provide pricing for a 

high volume of liquid securities that are actively traded. For securities that do not trade on an exchange, the pricing 

services generally utilize market data and other observable inputs in matrix pricing models to determine a reasonable 

fair  value.  Observable  inputs  include,  but  are  not  limited  to,  investment  yields,  credit  risks  and  spreads,  reported 

trades, bids, offers, and reference data and industry and economic events. As the significant inputs used in the pricing 

process are observable market inputs, the fair value of these securities is classified within Level 1 and Level 2.

Equity Securities and Other investments

The Group’s exchange traded equity securities are included in Level 1 as their fair values are based on quoted 

market prices in active markets. Other investments consist primarily of mutual funds that generally trade daily and as 

the fair values are based on observable market inputs. The fair values are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. 

The Group has a small number of securities included in Level 3 due to a lack of an available independent pricing source 

and as the significant inputs used to price these securities are unobservable, the fair values are classified as Level 3.

Equity-method investments measured at fair value

The Group accounts for its equity method investments using the fair value option.

As significant inputs used in the valuation process are unobservable market inputs, the fair value of the investment is 

classified as Level 3. The unobservable inputs may cause significant increases or decreases in the fair value.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

Derivative financial liabilities

The Group’s Public and Private Warrants broadly had similar terms with certain differences in few features and 
the fair values were based on the quoted price of the Public Warrants listed on Nasdaq. See Note 20 for redemption of 
Private Warrants during the year ended December 31, 2023. Although the fair values are based on observable market 
inputs, the fair values are classified as Level 2 due to lack of sufficient trading volume.

The earn out shares issued to Tiberius former stockholders and IGI former shareholders are valued using a Monte 
Carlo simulation model. This approach takes into account the share price as at the valuation date, the threshold price 
for vesting, expected volatility, expected dividend yield, the risk-free rate, and the earn out period up to March 17, 
2028. As the significant inputs used to price the earn out shares are unobservable, the fair values are classified as 
Level 3. The unobservable inputs and assumptions used in the valuation may cause significant increases or decreases 
in the fair value.

Refer to Note 10 — Derivative Financial Liabilities for additional information related to the fair values and types 

of derivatives entered into by the Group.

Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value

—

10,005

13,800

23,805

Below is a summary of quantitative information regarding the significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) used in 

determining the fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

As at December 31, 2023

Fair Value 
(Level 3) 
USD’000

Valuation Technique

Equity-method investments 

measured at fair value . . . . . .

Adjusted net asset value 
(“NAV”) approach

3,522

Unobservable Inputs
Sale price (per square meter) 
of the underlying properties 
owned by the investees

Low

High

Weighted  
Average or  
Actual

N/A

N/A

N/A

Derivative financial liabilities . .

17,290

Monte Carlo Simulation 
approach

Volatility of IGI’s share 
price

20%

30%

25%

As at December 31, 2022

Fair Value 
(Level 3) 
USD’000

Valuation Technique

Unobservable Inputs

Low

High

Weighted 
Average or 
Actual

Equities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,990

Multiples based 
valuation approach

Multiples based 
valuation approach

374

Equity-method investments 

measured at fair value . . . . . .

“Adjusted net asset value 
(“NAV”) approach”

4,907

Enterprise value to 
earnings before interest, 
tax, depreciation and 
amortization
Price to earnings
Price to book value of shares
Enterprise value to sale 
multiple
Sale price (per square meter) 
of the underlying properties 
owned by the investees

7.9
10.3
1.1

1.1

8.7
11.4
1.2

1.7

8.3
10.9
1.1

1.4

N/A

N/A

N/A

The fair value of the Group’s investment was determined using the adjusted net asset value (“NAV”) approach. 

Derivative financial liabilities . .

13,800

Monte Carlo Simulation 
approach

Volatility of IGI’s share 
price

25%

30%

27.5%

F-36

F-37

220

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16.  EARNINGS PER SHARE (cont.)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all financial assets and 

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations:

liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for 2023 and 2022:

Year Ended December 31, 2023
Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value included in earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vesting of Earnout Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transfer in and/or out of Level 3  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Year Ended December 31, 2022
Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value included in earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Equity  
Securities
USD ’000

Equity-  
method  
investees
USD ’000

7,364
(374)
—
(6,990)
—

7,046
318
7,364

4,907
(1,385)
—
—
3,522

4,633
274
4,907

Derivative  
financial  
liabilities  
(Earnout  
Shares)
USD ’000

(13,800)
(20,970)
17,480
—
(17,290)

(15,470)
1,670
(13,800)

There are no active markets for the equity-method investments measured at fair value.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value:

The Company uses various financial instruments in the normal course of its business. The carrying values of 
cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, short-term investments, accrued investment income, certain other assets and 
other liabilities not included herein approximated their fair values.

16.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic  earnings  per  share  represents  the  net  income  attributable  to  the  ordinary  shareholders  divided  by  the 

weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the years.

Diluted earnings per share represents the net income attributable to the ordinary shareholders divided by the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary 
shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.

The Company has 1,612,500 unvested Earnout Shares outstanding as at and for the year ended December 31, 
2023. These Earnout Shares contain a non-forfeitable right to dividends and hence are considered as participating 
securities. The two-class method was applied to compute basic earnings per share attributable to common shareholders.

Unvested restricted shares awards have been included in the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 

using the treasury stock method.

The outstanding warrants have not been factored in diluted earnings per share computation for 2022 and 2021, 
as the average market price of ordinary shares at the end of the year does not exceed the exercise price of the warrants. 
In 2023, the Company repurchased all the outstanding warrants.

F-38

F-39

221

(In USD ’000 except share and per share data)

Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Less: net income attributable to the Earnout Shares . . . . . . . . .

Less: dividends attributable to the common shares under 

share-based compensation plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net income available to common shareholders. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Weighted average number of shares – basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Common shares under share-based compensation plan . . . . . .

Weighted average number of shares – diluted  . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Basic earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Diluted earnings per share  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION

Year ended December 31,

2023

2022

2021

118,194

(7,469)

(30)

110,695

42,943,535

525,341

43,468,876

2.58

2.55

89,234

(4,906)

(147)

84,181

45,546,262

120,872

45,667,134

1.85

1.84

46,814

(1,968)

(131)

44,715

45,470,957

70,060

45,541,017

0.98

0.98

The Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Executive Committee, which periodically reviews 

financial information at the business line level. Each of the business lines in which the Group operates are considered 

operating segments.

consolidated financial statements:

The  Group  has  aggregated  operating  segments  into  the  following  reporting  segments  for  the  purposes  of  its 

1. 

Specialty  Long-tail  (comprising  business  lines  with  underwriting  risks  assumed  in  form  of  liability 

insurance and of a long-term nature with respect to related claims).

2. 

Specialty Short-tail (comprising business lines with underwriting risks assumed in the form of property 

and specialty line insurance and of short-term nature with respect to related claims).

3. 

Reinsurance which covers the assumed reinsurance treaty business lines.

Segment  performance  is  evaluated  based  on  net  underwriting  results  and  is  measured  consistently  with  the 

overall net underwriting results in the consolidated financial statements.

The  Group  also  has  general  and  administrative  expenses,  investment  income,  net  realized  gain  (loss)  on 

investments, net unrealized gain (loss) on investments, change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments, 

net foreign exchange gain (loss), change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables, other expenses/revenues, 

change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities and income tax expense. These financial items are presented 

under “Corporate and Other” in the tables below as the Group does not allocate them to individual reporting segments. 

The Group does not allocate assets to individual reporting segments as the segmentation of assets and liabilities is not 

undertaken for any of the board, CODM and management analysis. In view of this, the Group does not disclose asset 

information by segment.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances for all financial assets and 

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations:

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

16.  EARNINGS PER SHARE (cont.)

(In USD ’000 except share and per share data)
Net Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less: net income attributable to the Earnout Shares . . . . . . . . .
Less: dividends attributable to the common shares under 

share-based compensation plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income available to common shareholders. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighted average number of shares – basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common shares under share-based compensation plan . . . . . .
Weighted average number of shares – diluted  . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Basic earnings per share . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diluted earnings per share  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION

2023

Year ended December 31,
2022

2021

118,194
(7,469)

(30)
110,695
42,943,535
525,341
43,468,876
2.58
2.55

89,234
(4,906)

46,814
(1,968)

(147)
84,181
45,546,262
120,872
45,667,134
1.85
1.84

(131)
44,715
45,470,957
70,060
45,541,017
0.98
0.98

The Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) is the Executive Committee, which periodically reviews 
financial information at the business line level. Each of the business lines in which the Group operates are considered 
operating segments.

The  Group  has  aggregated  operating  segments  into  the  following  reporting  segments  for  the  purposes  of  its 

consolidated financial statements:

1. 

2. 

Specialty  Long-tail  (comprising  business  lines  with  underwriting  risks  assumed  in  form  of  liability 
insurance and of a long-term nature with respect to related claims).

Specialty Short-tail (comprising business lines with underwriting risks assumed in the form of property 
and specialty line insurance and of short-term nature with respect to related claims).

3. 

Reinsurance which covers the assumed reinsurance treaty business lines.

Segment  performance  is  evaluated  based  on  net  underwriting  results  and  is  measured  consistently  with  the 

overall net underwriting results in the consolidated financial statements.

The  Group  also  has  general  and  administrative  expenses,  investment  income,  net  realized  gain  (loss)  on 
investments, net unrealized gain (loss) on investments, change in allowance for expected credit losses on investments, 
net foreign exchange gain (loss), change in allowance for expected credit losses on receivables, other expenses/revenues, 
change in fair value of derivative financial liabilities and income tax expense. These financial items are presented 
under “Corporate and Other” in the tables below as the Group does not allocate them to individual reporting segments. 
The Group does not allocate assets to individual reporting segments as the segmentation of assets and liabilities is not 
undertaken for any of the board, CODM and management analysis. In view of this, the Group does not disclose asset 
information by segment.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15.  FAIR VALUE (cont.)

liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs for 2023 and 2022:

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value included in earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vesting of Earnout Shares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Transfer in and/or out of Level 3  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Balance at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value included in earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Balance at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Equity  

Securities

USD ’000

Equity-  

method  

investees

USD ’000

7,364

(374)

(6,990)

—

—

7,046

318

7,364

4,907

(1,385)

—

—

3,522

4,633

274

4,907

Derivative  

financial  

liabilities  

(Earnout  

Shares)

USD ’000

(13,800)

(20,970)

17,480

—

(17,290)

(15,470)

1,670

(13,800)

There are no active markets for the equity-method investments measured at fair value.

Financial Instruments Disclosed, But Not Carried, At Fair Value:

The Company uses various financial instruments in the normal course of its business. The carrying values of 

cash and cash equivalents, term deposits, short-term investments, accrued investment income, certain other assets and 

other liabilities not included herein approximated their fair values.

16.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic  earnings  per  share  represents  the  net  income  attributable  to  the  ordinary  shareholders  divided  by  the 

weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the years.

Diluted earnings per share represents the net income attributable to the ordinary shareholders divided by the 

weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary 

shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.

The Company has 1,612,500 unvested Earnout Shares outstanding as at and for the year ended December 31, 

2023. These Earnout Shares contain a non-forfeitable right to dividends and hence are considered as participating 

securities. The two-class method was applied to compute basic earnings per share attributable to common shareholders.

Unvested restricted shares awards have been included in the diluted weighted-average common shares outstanding 

using the treasury stock method.

The outstanding warrants have not been factored in diluted earnings per share computation for 2022 and 2021, 

as the average market price of ordinary shares at the end of the year does not exceed the exercise price of the warrants. 

In 2023, the Company repurchased all the outstanding warrants.

F-38

F-39

222

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

The  following  tables  summarizes  the  Group’s  underwriting  income  or  loss  by  segment,  together  with  a 

reconciliation of underwriting income or loss to net income for the year.

a) 

Segment disclosure for the Group’s consolidated operations is as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Specialty  
Long-tail
USD ’000

Specialty  
Short-tail Reinsurance
USD ’000

USD ’000

Sub Total
USD ’000

Corporate  
and Other
USD ’000

Total
USD ’000

Underwriting revenues
Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in unearned premiums . . . .
Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting deductions
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment  

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General and administrative expenses  . .
Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .
Net unrealized gain on investments  . . .
Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net foreign exchange gain  . . . . . . . . . .
Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

226,862
(73,900)
152,962
4,760
157,722

400,682
(117,565)
283,117
(46,925)
236,192

61,134

688,678
— (191,465)
497,213
(50,061)
447,152

61,134
(7,896)
53,238

— 688,678
— (191,465)
— 497,213
— (50,061)
— 447,152

(31,160)

(35,997)

(7,819)

(74,976)

— (74,976)

(69,250)
57,312

(93,085)
107,110

(26,752)
18,667

(189,087)
183,089

— (189,087)
— 183,089

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

— (78,927)
40,460
—
6,723
—
2,684
—

(78,927)
40,460
6,723
2,684

368

368

—

—
—
—

(2,452)
1,862
(5,594)

(2,452)
1,862
(5,594)

(27,289)
5,124
126,048
(7,854)
118,194

—
—
57,312
—
57,312

—
—
107,110
—
107,110

—
—
18,667
—
18,667

— (27,289)
5,124
—
(57,041)
183,089
(7,854)
—
(64,895)
183,089

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Specialty  

Long-tail

Specialty  

Short-tail

Reinsurance

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Sub Total

USD ’000

Corporate  

and Other

Total

USD ’000

USD ’000

Underwriting revenues

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,046

317,412

31,525

581,983

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

(65,555)

(123,603)

— (189,158)

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

167,491

Net change in unearned premiums . . . .

(125)

Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

167,366

193,809

(15,096)

178,713

31,525

(1,213)

30,312

392,825

(16,434)

376,391

— 581,983

— (189,158)

— 392,825

— (16,434)

— 376,391

Underwriting deductions

Net loss and loss adjustment  

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .

(33,066)

(31,525)

(5,608)

(70,199)

— (70,199)

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(50,530)

(89,942)

(17,090)

(157,562)

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83,770

57,246

7,614

148,630

— (157,562)

— 148,630

General and administrative  

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .

Net unrealized loss on investments . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .

83,770

57,246

7,614

148,630

Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83,770

57,246

7,614

148,630

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— (67,243)

(67,243)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

20,947

20,947

(687)

(687)

(5,512)

(5,512)

(361)

(361)

(3,238)

2,442

(3,961)

4,603

(3,454)

(56,464)

(2,932)

(59,396)

(3,238)

2,442

(3,961)

4,603

(3,454)

92,166

(2,932)

89,234

F-40

F-41

223

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

Year Ended December 31, 2022

Specialty  
Long-tail
USD ’000

Specialty  
Short-tail
USD ’000

Reinsurance
USD ’000

Sub Total
USD ’000

Corporate  
and Other
USD ’000

Total
USD ’000

The  following  tables  summarizes  the  Group’s  underwriting  income  or  loss  by  segment,  together  with  a 

reconciliation of underwriting income or loss to net income for the year.

a) 

Segment disclosure for the Group’s consolidated operations is as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Specialty  

Long-tail

Specialty  

Short-tail Reinsurance

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Sub Total

USD ’000

Corporate  

and Other

Total

USD ’000

USD ’000

Underwriting revenues

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

226,862

400,682

61,134

688,678

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

(73,900)

(117,565)

— (191,465)

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

152,962

Net change in unearned premiums . . . .

4,760

Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

157,722

283,117

(46,925)

236,192

61,134

(7,896)

53,238

497,213

(50,061)

447,152

— 688,678

— (191,465)

— 497,213

— (50,061)

— 447,152

Underwriting deductions

Net loss and loss adjustment  

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .

(31,160)

(35,997)

(7,819)

(74,976)

— (74,976)

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(69,250)

57,312

(93,085)

107,110

(26,752)

(189,087)

18,667

183,089

— (189,087)

— 183,089

General and administrative expenses  . .

Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .

Net unrealized gain on investments  . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net foreign exchange gain  . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

— (78,927)

(78,927)

40,460

6,723

2,684

40,460

6,723

2,684

368

368

(2,452)

1,862

(5,594)

(2,452)

1,862

(5,594)

— (27,289)

(27,289)

5,124

5,124

(7,854)

(7,854)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .

57,312

107,110

18,667

183,089

(57,041)

126,048

Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57,312

107,110

18,667

183,089

(64,895)

118,194

Underwriting revenues
Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in unearned premiums . . . .
Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting deductions
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment  

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General and administrative  

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .

Net unrealized loss on investments . . . .
Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . .
Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,046
(65,555)
167,491
(125)
167,366

317,412
(123,603)
193,809
(15,096)
178,713

31,525

581,983
— (189,158)
392,825
(16,434)
376,391

31,525
(1,213)
30,312

— 581,983
— (189,158)
— 392,825
— (16,434)
— 376,391

(33,066)

(31,525)

(5,608)

(70,199)

— (70,199)

(50,530)
83,770

(89,942)
57,246

(17,090)
7,614

(157,562)
148,630

— (157,562)
— 148,630

— (67,243)
20,947
—
(687)
—

(67,243)
20,947
(687)

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
—

—

—

—
—
—

—
—
83,770
—
83,770

—
—
57,246
—
57,246

—
—
7,614
—
7,614

—
—
148,630
—
148,630

F-40

F-41

(5,512)

(5,512)

(361)

(361)

(3,238)
2,442
(3,961)

4,603
(3,454)
(56,464)
(2,932)
(59,396)

(3,238)
2,442
(3,961)

4,603
(3,454)
92,166
(2,932)
89,234

224

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Specialty  
Long-tail
USD ’000

Specialty  
Short-tail
USD ’000

Reinsurance
USD ’000

Sub Total
USD ’000

Corporate  
and Other
USD ’000

Total
USD ’000

Underwriting revenues
Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net change in unearned premiums . . . .
Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Underwriting deductions
Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .
Net loss and loss adjustment  

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

General and administrative expenses  . .
Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .
Net unrealized loss on investments . . . .
Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .
Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . .
Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .
Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

224,717
(56,683)
168,034
(4,242)
163,792

288,425
(101,240)
187,185
(35,168)
152,017

24,094

537,236
— (157,923)
379,313
(42,682)
336,631

24,094
(3,272)
20,822

— 537,236
— (157,923)
— 379,313
— (42,682)
— 336,631

(29,881)

(26,310)

(3,431)

(59,622)

— (59,622)

(84,662)
49,249

(72,418)
53,289

(15,959)
1,432

(173,039)
103,970

— (173,039)
— 103,970

— (58,228)
14,487
—
—
308
(3,709)
—

(58,228)
14,487
308
(3,709)

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

—
—
—
—

—

—
—
—

—
—
49,249
—
49,249

—
—
53,289
—
53,289

—
—
1,432
—
1,432

—
—
103,970
—
103,970

—

—
—
—

(66)

(66)

with the following salient features:

(3,262)
2,056
(4,230)

670
(3,368)
(55,342)
(1,814)
(57,156)

(3,262)
2,056
(4,230)

670
(3,368)
48,628
(1,814)
46,814

The table below presents long-lived assets by geographic location:

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Africa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Long-lived assets for this purpose consist of property and equipment.

December 31,  
2023
USD ’000

December 31,  
2022
USD ’000

21,346
96
1,839
17
458
266
24,022

21,765
188
2,482
8
20
84
24,547

F-42

F-43

225

The following summary presents the Group’s gross written premiums based on the location of the insured risk 

for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Africa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Australasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Caribbean Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Central America  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

2021

USD ’000

33,312

71,685

20,286

27,904

26,740

83,614

62,708

89,610

21,671

195,504

55,644

688,678

32,700

54,697

19,478

30,446

25,338

51,746

58,906

61,661

20,706

190,019

36,286

581,983

27,325

54,962

23,095

29,781

27,735

48,034

52,745

32,272

20,401

194,075

26,811

537,236

During 2020, the Board of Directors approved the Group’s share-based employee compensation plan, the 2020 

Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Under the Plan, the Group granted new restricted shares to designated employees, 

Grant date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First vesting date (tranche 1) . . . . .

Second vesting date (tranche 2)  . .

Third vesting date (tranche 3) . . . .

Total number of restricted  

Number of restricted shares 

awards vesting each period . . . .

Grant date fair value per share 

(USD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2020 Grant

2021 Grant 1

2021 Grant 2

2022 Grant 1

2022 Grant 2

2023 Grant 1

2023 Grant 2

October 7,  

February 16,  

March 31,  

February 9,  

March 24,  

February 8,  

March 23,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

2021

2022

2023

2024

2021

2022

2023

2024

2022

2023

2024

2025

2022

2023

2024

2025

2023

2024

2025

2026

2023

2024

2025

2026

January 2,  

January 2,  

Janary 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

January 2,  

2020

2021

2022

2023

shares awards  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,500

180,000

132,190

279,000

149,377

379,000

129,808

44,833

60,000

44,063

93,000

49,792

126,333

43,269

7.90

7.94

8.17

7.76

7.23

8.30

8.32

The grant date fair value of restricted shares was determined based on the closing quoted prices of the Company’s 

share on Nasdaq on the grant dates.

The restricted share awards vest on the condition that the participants are in continued employment with the 

Company or any of its subsidiaries on the applicable vesting date. There are no other vesting conditions.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  share-based  compensation  expense  of  USD  3,249  thousand  (2022: 

USD 2,300) was recorded in the consolidated statement of income, within the general and administrative expenses and 

with a corresponding impact on common shares and additional paid-in capital as shown in the consolidated statement 

of changes in equity.

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

17.  SEGMENT INFORMATION (cont.)

Year Ended December 31, 2021

Specialty  

Long-tail

Specialty  

Short-tail

Reinsurance

USD ’000

USD ’000

USD ’000

Sub Total

USD ’000

Corporate  

and Other

Total

USD ’000

USD ’000

Underwriting revenues

Gross written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

224,717

288,425

24,094

537,236

Ceded written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . .

(56,683)

(101,240)

— (157,923)

Net written premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

168,034

Net change in unearned premiums . . . .

(4,242)

Net premiums earned  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

163,792

187,185

(35,168)

152,017

24,094

(3,272)

20,822

379,313

(42,682)

336,631

— 537,236

— (157,923)

— 379,313

— (42,682)

— 336,631

Underwriting deductions

Net loss and loss adjustment  

Net policy acquisition expenses . . . . . .

(29,881)

(26,310)

(3,431)

(59,622)

— (59,622)

expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(84,662)

(72,418)

(15,959)

(173,039)

Underwriting income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49,249

53,289

1,432

103,970

— (173,039)

— 103,970

General and administrative expenses  . .

Investment income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net realized gain on investments  . . . . .

Net unrealized loss on investments . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on investments  . . . . . . .

Change in allowance for expected 

credit losses on receivables . . . . . . . .

Other revenues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Other expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Change in fair value of derivative 

financial liabilities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Net foreign exchange loss . . . . . . . . . . .

Income tax expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

Income (loss) before tax . . . . . . . . . . . .

49,249

53,289

1,432

103,970

Net income  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

49,249

53,289

1,432

103,970

The table below presents long-lived assets by geographic location:

Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Africa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

21,346

96

1,839

17

458

266

Long-lived assets for this purpose consist of property and equipment.

— (58,228)

(58,228)

14,487

308

(3,709)

14,487

308

(3,709)

(66)

(66)

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

(3,262)

2,056

(4,230)

670

(3,368)

(55,342)

(1,814)

(57,156)

December 31,  

December 31,  

2023

USD ’000

2022

USD ’000

(3,262)

2,056

(4,230)

670

(3,368)

48,628

(1,814)

46,814

21,765

188

2,482

8

20

84

24,022

24,547

The following summary presents the Group’s gross written premiums based on the location of the insured risk 

for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Africa  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Australasia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Caribbean Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Central America  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

2023
USD ’000

2022
USD ’000

2021
USD ’000

33,312
71,685
20,286
27,904
26,740
83,614
62,708
89,610
21,671
195,504
55,644
688,678

32,700
54,697
19,478
30,446
25,338
51,746
58,906
61,661
20,706
190,019
36,286
581,983

27,325
54,962
23,095
29,781
27,735
48,034
52,745
32,272
20,401
194,075
26,811
537,236

During 2020, the Board of Directors approved the Group’s share-based employee compensation plan, the 2020 
Omnibus Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Under the Plan, the Group granted new restricted shares to designated employees, 
with the following salient features:

Grant date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

First vesting date (tranche 1) . . . . .

Second vesting date (tranche 2)  . .

Third vesting date (tranche 3) . . . .
Total number of restricted  

shares awards  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Number of restricted shares 

awards vesting each period . . . .

Grant date fair value per share 

(USD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2020 Grant
October 7,  
2020
January 2,  
2021
January 2,  
2022
January 2,  
2023

2021 Grant 1
February 16,  
2021
January 2,  
2022
January 2,  
2023
January 2,  
2024

2021 Grant 2
March 31,  
2021
January 2,  
2022
January 2,  
2023
Janary 2,  
2024

2022 Grant 1
February 9,  
2022
January 2,  
2023
January 2,  
2024
January 2,  
2025

2022 Grant 2
March 24,  
2022
January 2,  
2023
January 2,  
2024
January 2,  
2025

2023 Grant 1
February 8,  
2023
January 2,  
2024
January 2,  
2025
January 2,  
2026

2023 Grant 2
March 23,  
2023
January 2,  
2024
January 2,  
2025
January 2,  
2026

134,500

180,000

132,190

279,000

149,377

379,000

129,808

44,833

60,000

44,063

93,000

49,792

126,333

43,269

7.90

7.94

8.17

7.76

7.23

8.30

8.32

The grant date fair value of restricted shares was determined based on the closing quoted prices of the Company’s 

share on Nasdaq on the grant dates.

The restricted share awards vest on the condition that the participants are in continued employment with the 

Company or any of its subsidiaries on the applicable vesting date. There are no other vesting conditions.

For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2023,  share-based  compensation  expense  of  USD  3,249  thousand  (2022: 
USD 2,300) was recorded in the consolidated statement of income, within the general and administrative expenses and 
with a corresponding impact on common shares and additional paid-in capital as shown in the consolidated statement 
of changes in equity.

F-42

F-43

226

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

18.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION (cont.)

A summary of restricted shares activity under the share-based compensation plan for the year ended December 31, 

Bermuda

2023 is as follows:

Number of  
shares

RSAs granted and unvested at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . .
Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
RSAs granted and unvested at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

667,181
508,808
(298,859)
877,130

Weighted  
average  
Grant date  
fair value  
per share
USD

7.74
8.30
7.79
8.05

Aggregate  
value
USD ’000

5,161
4,223
(2,327)
7,057

The  weighted  average  grant-date  fair  value  per  share  of  the  Company’s  restricted  stock  awards  granted 
during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was USD 8.30 and USD 7.58, respectively. The fair value of 
restricted share awards that vested during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was USD 2,327 thousand and 
USD 1,171 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was USD 3,920 thousand of total unrecognized 
compensation expense related to restricted shares compensation plan granted by IGI. The weighted-average period 
over which this expense is expected to be recognized is 3 years.

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION

The  Company’s  insurance  and  reinsurance  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  insurance  and/or  reinsurance  laws  and 
regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate. These regulations include certain restrictions on the amount of 
dividends or other distributions available to shareholders without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities.

The actual statutory capital and surplus for the Group’s principal operating subsidiaries at December 31, 2023 

and 2022 is summarized as follows:

Actual statutory capital and surplus
Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Labuan branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 
Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Year Ended December 31,

2023
USD ’000 

2022
USD ’000 

548,714
165,657
33,321
22,732

413,790
89,127
29,373
8,239

As  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  actual  statutory  capital  and  surplus  for  the  Group’s  principal  operating 

subsidiaries substantially exceeded the regulatory requirements.

Statutory net income (loss)
Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Labuan branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2023
USD ’000 

Year Ended December 31,
2022
USD ’000 

2021
USD ’000 

144,063
27,147
5,000
1,256

78,493
11,077
1,853
(579)

41,827
8,631
2,279
(835)

The Group’s primary operating subsidiary is IGI Bermuda, which is subject to Bermuda regulatory constraints 

that affect its ability to pay dividends on its common shares and make other distributions. Under the Bermuda Insurance 

Act 1978, as amended (the “Insurance Act”), and related regulations, IGI Bermuda, as a Class 3B insurer, is required to 

maintain certain minimum capital, liquidity and solvency levels and is prohibited from declaring or paying dividends 

that would result in non-compliance with this requirement.

Under the Insurance Act, the Company is subject to capital requirements calculated using the Bermuda Solvency 

and Capital Requirement model (“BSCR model”), which is a standardized statutory risk-based capital model used to 

measure the risk associated with the Company’s assets, liabilities and premiums. Under the BSCR model, the Company’s 

required statutory capital and surplus is referred to as the enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”). The Company is 

required to calculate and submit the ECR to the Bermuda Monetary authority (“BMA”) annually. Following receipt of 

the submission of the Company’s ECR, the BMA has the authority to impose additional capital requirements or capital 

add-ons, if it deems necessary. If an insurer fails to maintain or meet its ECR, the BMA may take various degrees of 

regulatory action. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company met its ECR.

Under the Insurance Act, a Class 3B is restricted with respect to the payment of dividends and is prohibited 

from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus 

(as shown on its previous financial year’s statutory balance sheet) unless it files, at least seven days before payment 

of such dividends, with the BMA an affidavit stating that it will continue to meet the required margins following the 

declaration of those dividends.

The Company met such Bermuda requirements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

United Kingdom

The Group’s United Kingdom operating subsidiary is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) 

and is subject to insurance solvency regulations which specify the minimum amount and type of capital that must be 

held in addition to the insurance liabilities.

Since 1 January 2016 the Company has been subject to the Solvency II regime and is required to meet a Solvency 

Coverage Ratio (“SCR”) which is calibrated to seek to ensure a 99.5% confidence of the ability to meet its obligations 

over a 12-month time horizon. The Company calculates its SCR in accordance with the standard formula prescribed 

in the Solvency II regulations as the assumptions underlying the standard formula are considered to be a good fit for 

the Company’s risk profile.

Under U.K. law, the Company is restricted from declaring a dividend to its shareholder unless the Company 

has “profits available for distribution.” The calculation as to whether a company has sufficient profits is based on its 

accumulated realized profits minus its accumulated realized losses. U.K. insurance regulatory laws do not prohibit the 

payment of dividends, but the PRA or Financial Conduct Authority, as applicable, requires that insurance companies 

and insurance intermediaries maintain certain solvency margins and may restrict the payment of a dividend by the 

The Company met such United Kingdom requirements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Group’s Labuan Branch is subjected to minimum capital requirements under the Labuan Financial Services 

Company.

Labuan Branch

and Securities Act 2010.

F-44

F-45

227

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

18.  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION (cont.)

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION (cont.)

A summary of restricted shares activity under the share-based compensation plan for the year ended December 31, 

Bermuda

2023 is as follows:

Number of  

shares

Weighted  

average  

Grant date  

fair value  

per share

USD

7.74

8.30

7.79

8.05

Aggregate  

value

USD ’000

5,161

4,223

(2,327)

7,057

RSAs granted and unvested at beginning of year . . . . . . . . . . .

Granted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Vested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

RSAs granted and unvested at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

667,181

508,808

(298,859)

877,130

The  weighted  average  grant-date  fair  value  per  share  of  the  Company’s  restricted  stock  awards  granted 

during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was USD 8.30 and USD 7.58, respectively. The fair value of 

restricted share awards that vested during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was USD 2,327 thousand and 

USD 1,171 thousand, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, there was USD 3,920 thousand of total unrecognized 

compensation expense related to restricted shares compensation plan granted by IGI. The weighted-average period 

over which this expense is expected to be recognized is 3 years.

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION

The  Company’s  insurance  and  reinsurance  subsidiaries  are  subject  to  insurance  and/or  reinsurance  laws  and 

regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate. These regulations include certain restrictions on the amount of 

dividends or other distributions available to shareholders without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities.

The actual statutory capital and surplus for the Group’s principal operating subsidiaries at December 31, 2023 

and 2022 is summarized as follows:

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000 

2022

USD ’000 

Actual statutory capital and surplus

Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Labuan branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

548,714

165,657

33,321

22,732

413,790

89,127

29,373

8,239

As  at  December  31,  2023  and  2022,  actual  statutory  capital  and  surplus  for  the  Group’s  principal  operating 

subsidiaries substantially exceeded the regulatory requirements.

Year Ended December 31,

2023

USD ’000 

2022

USD ’000 

2021

USD ’000 

Statutory net income (loss)

Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

United Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Labuan branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Malta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

144,063

27,147

5,000

1,256

78,493

11,077

1,853

(579)

41,827

8,631

2,279

(835)

The Group’s primary operating subsidiary is IGI Bermuda, which is subject to Bermuda regulatory constraints 
that affect its ability to pay dividends on its common shares and make other distributions. Under the Bermuda Insurance 
Act 1978, as amended (the “Insurance Act”), and related regulations, IGI Bermuda, as a Class 3B insurer, is required to 
maintain certain minimum capital, liquidity and solvency levels and is prohibited from declaring or paying dividends 
that would result in non-compliance with this requirement.

Under the Insurance Act, the Company is subject to capital requirements calculated using the Bermuda Solvency 
and Capital Requirement model (“BSCR model”), which is a standardized statutory risk-based capital model used to 
measure the risk associated with the Company’s assets, liabilities and premiums. Under the BSCR model, the Company’s 
required statutory capital and surplus is referred to as the enhanced capital requirement (“ECR”). The Company is 
required to calculate and submit the ECR to the Bermuda Monetary authority (“BMA”) annually. Following receipt of 
the submission of the Company’s ECR, the BMA has the authority to impose additional capital requirements or capital 
add-ons, if it deems necessary. If an insurer fails to maintain or meet its ECR, the BMA may take various degrees of 
regulatory action. As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company met its ECR.

Under the Insurance Act, a Class 3B is restricted with respect to the payment of dividends and is prohibited 
from declaring or paying in any financial year dividends of more than 25% of its total statutory capital and surplus 
(as shown on its previous financial year’s statutory balance sheet) unless it files, at least seven days before payment 
of such dividends, with the BMA an affidavit stating that it will continue to meet the required margins following the 
declaration of those dividends.

The Company met such Bermuda requirements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

United Kingdom

The Group’s United Kingdom operating subsidiary is regulated by the Prudential Regulation Authority (“PRA”) 
and is subject to insurance solvency regulations which specify the minimum amount and type of capital that must be 
held in addition to the insurance liabilities.

Since 1 January 2016 the Company has been subject to the Solvency II regime and is required to meet a Solvency 
Coverage Ratio (“SCR”) which is calibrated to seek to ensure a 99.5% confidence of the ability to meet its obligations 
over a 12-month time horizon. The Company calculates its SCR in accordance with the standard formula prescribed 
in the Solvency II regulations as the assumptions underlying the standard formula are considered to be a good fit for 
the Company’s risk profile.

Under U.K. law, the Company is restricted from declaring a dividend to its shareholder unless the Company 
has “profits available for distribution.” The calculation as to whether a company has sufficient profits is based on its 
accumulated realized profits minus its accumulated realized losses. U.K. insurance regulatory laws do not prohibit the 
payment of dividends, but the PRA or Financial Conduct Authority, as applicable, requires that insurance companies 
and insurance intermediaries maintain certain solvency margins and may restrict the payment of a dividend by the 
Company.

The Company met such United Kingdom requirements for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Labuan Branch

The Group’s Labuan Branch is subjected to minimum capital requirements under the Labuan Financial Services 

and Securities Act 2010.

F-44

F-45

228

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          INDEX OF SUPPLEMANTRY SCHEDULES

Schedule I — Investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Schedule III — Supplementary Insurance Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Page

S-2

S-3

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION (cont.)

The  Labuan  Branch  monitors  and  ensures  its  capital  is  within  the  minimum  solvency  margins  requirements 
under the Labuan Financial Services and Securities Act 2010 at all times. If there are any large event which will affect 
the Labuan Branch’s ability to maintain solvency margins requirements, the branch will notify the head office to cash 
call in advance.

As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Labuan Branch met such Labuan minimum solvency margin requirements.

Malta

The Group’s operating subsidiary is regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority.

The company is subject to the Solvency II regime and is required to meet an SCR which is calibrated to seek 
to  ensure  a  99.5%  confidence  of  the  ability  to  meet  its  obligations  over  a  12-month  time  horizon. The  Company 
calculates its SCR in accordance with the standard formula prescribed in the Solvency II regulations as the assumptions 
underlying the standard formula are considered to be a good fit for the Company’s risk profile.

The Company met such Malta requirements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

20.  RELATED PARTIES

The  Company  purchased  all  of  the  outstanding  4,000,000  Private  Warrants  owned  by  Wasef  Jabsheh  (the 
Executive Chairman) for USD 3,800 thousand as part of the offer to purchase all of its outstanding Warrants announced 
on July 28, 2023 and completed on September 19, 2023.

In 2023, the Group rented a boat for business promotion from a company owned by a major shareholder. The 

total expense charged to the general and administrative expenses was USD 206 thousand.

21.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The  Group,  in  common  with  the  insurance  industry  in  general,  is  subject  to  litigation  and  arbitration  in  the 
normal course of its business. As of December 31, 2023, the Group was not a party to any litigation or arbitration 
which is expected by management to have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations and financial 
condition and liquidity.

22.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On  March  11,  2024,  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  for  the  period  October  1, 
2023 — December 31, 2023 of USD 0.51 per share. The dividend is payable on April 22, 2024 to shareholders of 
record on April 1, 2024.

F-46

S-1

229

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023INDEX OF SUPPLEMANTRY SCHEDULES

Schedule I — Investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 
Schedule III — Supplementary Insurance Information � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 

Page
S-2
S-3

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

19.  STATUTORY INFORMATION (cont.)

The  Labuan  Branch  monitors  and  ensures  its  capital  is  within  the  minimum  solvency  margins  requirements 

under the Labuan Financial Services and Securities Act 2010 at all times. If there are any large event which will affect 

the Labuan Branch’s ability to maintain solvency margins requirements, the branch will notify the head office to cash 

As at December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Labuan Branch met such Labuan minimum solvency margin requirements.

call in advance.

Malta

The Group’s operating subsidiary is regulated by the Malta Financial Services Authority.

The company is subject to the Solvency II regime and is required to meet an SCR which is calibrated to seek 

to  ensure  a  99.5%  confidence  of  the  ability  to  meet  its  obligations  over  a  12-month  time  horizon. The  Company 

calculates its SCR in accordance with the standard formula prescribed in the Solvency II regulations as the assumptions 

underlying the standard formula are considered to be a good fit for the Company’s risk profile.

The Company met such Malta requirements for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

20.  RELATED PARTIES

The  Company  purchased  all  of  the  outstanding  4,000,000  Private  Warrants  owned  by  Wasef  Jabsheh  (the 

Executive Chairman) for USD 3,800 thousand as part of the offer to purchase all of its outstanding Warrants announced 

on July 28, 2023 and completed on September 19, 2023.

In 2023, the Group rented a boat for business promotion from a company owned by a major shareholder. The 

total expense charged to the general and administrative expenses was USD 206 thousand.

The  Group,  in  common  with  the  insurance  industry  in  general,  is  subject  to  litigation  and  arbitration  in  the 

normal course of its business. As of December 31, 2023, the Group was not a party to any litigation or arbitration 

which is expected by management to have a material adverse effect on the Group’s results of operations and financial 

21.  LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

condition and liquidity.

22.  SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On  March  11,  2024,  the  Company’s  Board  of  Directors  declared  a  dividend  for  the  period  October  1, 

2023 — December 31, 2023 of USD 0.51 per share. The dividend is payable on April 22, 2024 to shareholders of 

record on April 1, 2024.

F-46

S-1

230

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 
Schedule I — Investments 
As at December 31, 2023

Column A

Column B

Column C

Type of investment

Cost(1)
USD ’000

Value
USD ’000

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 

Schedule III — Supplementary Insurance Information 

As At and For the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Column D
Amount at  
which shown  
in the  
balance sheet
USD ’000

Column A

Column B

Column C

Column D Column F Column G

Column H

Column I

Column J

Column K

Deferred 

policy 

Reserve for 

unpaid loss 

and loss 

acquisition 

adjustment 

costs, net

USD ’000

expenses

USD ’000

Unearned 

premiums

USD ’000

Gross 

written 

premiums

USD ’000

Net loss 

and loss 

Investment 

adjustment 

income

USD ’000

expenses

USD ’000

Net policy 

acquisition 

expenses

USD ’000

General and 

administrative 

expenses

USD ’000

Net 

written 

premiums

USD ’000

Fixed maturities:
Bonds:
Foreign governments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Public utilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
All other corporate bonds � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Redeemable preferred stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total fixed maturities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Equity securities:
Common stocks:
Public utilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Banks, trust and insurance companies  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Industrial, miscellaneous and all other � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Nonredeemable preferred stocks� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Total equity securities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Short-term investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Other long-term investments(2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
Equity-method investments measured at fair value � � � � � � �
Total investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

10,087
32,278
722,068
25,186
789,619

20
9,509
13,553
975
24,056
42,157
116,340
8,210
938,225

9,376
32,175
706,549
19,484
767,584

20
10,859
14,811
518
26,208
42,157
116,197
3,522
955,668

9,376
32,175
706,549
19,484
767,584

20
10,859
14,811
518
26,208
42,157
116,197
3,522
955,668

(1)  Original cost of fixed maturities reduced by repayments and adjusted for amortization of premiums or accrual of discounts�
(2) 

Includes other investments and term deposits�

Segment

December 31, 2023

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �

Short-tail � � � � � � � � �

Reinsurance  � � � � � �

Corporate and other  � �

Total � � � � � � � � � � 

December 31, 2022

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �

Short-tail � � � � � � � � �

Reinsurance  � � � � � �

Corporate and other  � �

Total � � � � � � � � � � 

December 31, 2021

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �

Short-tail � � � � � � � � �

Reinsurance  � � � � � �

Corporate and other  � �

Total � � � � � � � � � � 

33,386

28,984

2,902

—

65,272

33,950

22,625

1,366

—

57,941

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

712,098

443,525

688,678

(189,087)

(74,976)

356,995

305,731

49,372

—

180,410

245,500

17,615

—

226,862

400,682

61,134

—

321,600

274,804

39,841

—

179,421

200,720

9,719

—

233,046

317,412

31,525

—

(69,250)

(93,085)

(26,752)

—

(31,160)

(35,997)

(7,819)

—

(50,530)

(89,942)

(17,090)

—

(33,066)

(31,525)

(5,608)

—

— 152,962

— 283,117

—

(78,927)

(78,927)

61,134

—

497,213

— 167,491

— 193,809

—

(67,243)

(67,243)

31,525

—

392,825

636,245

389,860

581,983

(157,562)

(70,199)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

224,717

288,425

24,094

—

537,236

(84,662)

(72,418)

(15,959)

—

(29,881)

(26,310)

(3,431)

—

(173,039)

(59,622)

— 168,034

— 187,185

—

(58,228)

(58,228)

24,094

—

379,313

40,460

40,460

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

20,947

20,947

14,487

14,487

S-2

S-3

231

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          Annual Report 2023International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 

Schedule I — Investments 

As at December 31, 2023

Column A

Column B

Column C

Cost(1)

USD ’000

Value

USD ’000

Column D

Amount at  

which shown  

in the  

balance sheet

USD ’000

Type of investment

Fixed maturities:

Bonds:

Foreign governments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Public utilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

All other corporate bonds � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Redeemable preferred stock � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total fixed maturities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Equity securities:

Common stocks:

Public utilities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Banks, trust and insurance companies  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Industrial, miscellaneous and all other � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Nonredeemable preferred stocks� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Total equity securities � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Short-term investments  � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Other long-term investments(2) � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Equity-method investments measured at fair value � � � � � � �

Total investments � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

10,087

32,278

722,068

25,186

789,619

20

9,509

13,553

975

24,056

42,157

116,340

8,210

938,225

9,376

32,175

706,549

19,484

767,584

20

10,859

14,811

518

26,208

42,157

116,197

3,522

955,668

9,376

32,175

706,549

19,484

767,584

20

10,859

14,811

518

26,208

42,157

116,197

3,522

955,668

(1)  Original cost of fixed maturities reduced by repayments and adjusted for amortization of premiums or accrual of discounts�

(2) 

Includes other investments and term deposits�

International General Insurance Holdings Ltd. 
Schedule III — Supplementary Insurance Information 
As At and For the Years Ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

Column A

Segment

December 31, 2023

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �
Short-tail � � � � � � � � �
Reinsurance  � � � � � �
Corporate and other  � �
Total � � � � � � � � � � 

December 31, 2022

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �
Short-tail � � � � � � � � �
Reinsurance  � � � � � �
Corporate and other  � �
Total � � � � � � � � � � 

December 31, 2021

Long-tail � � � � � � � � �
Short-tail � � � � � � � � �
Reinsurance  � � � � � �
Corporate and other  � �
Total � � � � � � � � � � 

Column B

Deferred 
policy 
acquisition 
costs, net
USD ’000

Column C
Reserve for 
unpaid loss 
and loss 
adjustment 
expenses
USD ’000

Column D Column F Column G

Column H

Column I

Column J

Column K

Unearned 
premiums
USD ’000

Gross 
written 
premiums
USD ’000

Investment 
income
USD ’000

Net loss 
and loss 
adjustment 
expenses
USD ’000

Net policy 
acquisition 
expenses
USD ’000

General and 
administrative 
expenses
USD ’000

Net 
written 
premiums
USD ’000

33,386
28,984
2,902
—
65,272

33,950
22,625
1,366
—
57,941

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

356,995
305,731
49,372
—
712,098

321,600
274,804
39,841
—
636,245

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

180,410
245,500
17,615
—
443,525

179,421
200,720
9,719
—
389,860

N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

226,862
400,682
61,134
—
688,678

233,046
317,412
31,525
—
581,983

224,717
288,425
24,094
—
537,236

—
—
—
40,460
40,460

—
—
—
20,947
20,947

—
—
—
14,487
14,487

(69,250)
(93,085)
(26,752)
—
(189,087)

(50,530)
(89,942)
(17,090)
—
(157,562)

(84,662)
(72,418)
(15,959)
—
(173,039)

(31,160)
(35,997)
(7,819)
—
(74,976)

(33,066)
(31,525)
(5,608)
—
(70,199)

(29,881)
(26,310)
(3,431)
—
(59,622)

— 152,962
— 283,117
61,134
—
—
(78,927)
(78,927)
497,213

— 167,491
— 193,809
31,525
—
—
(67,243)
(67,243)
392,825

— 168,034
— 187,185
24,094
—
—
(58,228)
(58,228)
379,313

S-2

S-3

232

Annual Report 2023        International General Insurance Holdings Ltd.          BOARD OF DIRECTORS

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

REGISTERED ADDRESS
Clarendon House
2 Church Street
Hamilton HM 11
Bermuda

INVESTOR RELATIONS 
Contact: 
Robin Sidders
Head of Investor Relations
T: +44 (0) 7384 514785
E: robin.sidders@iginsure.com

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED  
PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM 
Ernst & Young LLP  
25 Churchill Place 
London E14 5EY

TRANSFER AGENT
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
1 State Street
New York, New York 10004-1561

MARKET INFORMATION
The common shares of International General 
Insurance Holdings Ltd. are listed on the Nasdaq 
Capital Market under the symbols IGIC.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Copies of IGI’s Annual Report, Forms 20-F, or other 
reports filed or furnished with the Securities and 
Exchange Commission, are available on the Company 
website at www.iginsure.com, or can be mailed by 
requesting a hard copy from the Head of Investor 
Relations at robin.sidders@iginsure.com.

For more information visit: www.iginsure.com/
investors

International General Insurance 
Holdings Ltd.

WASEF JABSHEH
Executive Chairman
(International General  
Insurance Holdings Ltd.)

DAVID ANTHONY
Independent Director

MICHAEL GRAY
Independent Director

WALEED JABSHEH
Director 
(President & CEO, International General  
Insurance Holdings Ltd.)

DAVID KING
Independent Director

WANDA MWAURA
Independent Director

ANDREW POOLE 
Independent Director

233

SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

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SOLUTIONS... 

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