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IOG PLC

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FY2014 Annual Report · IOG PLC
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■  Registered Address 
One America Square 
Crosswall 
London EC3N 2SG

■  Office 

70 Clifton Street 
London EC2A 4HB

■   Contact  

+44 (0)20 3051 9632 
www.independentoilandgas.com

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2014

Independent Oil and Gas plc 

Report and Audited Financial Statements 

Year Ended 

31 December 2014 

Company Number 07434350 

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2014 

Contents 

Chief Executive’s Review 

Strategic Report 

Board of Directors 

Remuneration Policy 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Glossary of Key Technical Terms 

Report of the Directors 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes in Equity 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 

Company Cash Flow Statement 

Notes Forming Part of the Financial Statements 

Page 

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12 

14 

15 

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17 

18 

19 

20 

21 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 1 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chief Executive’s Review 

I am delighted to be providing a review of our progress over the last year, our first full year as a listed company and also  providing a Strategic 
Report which restates and updates the Company’s blueprint on how the Board plans to deliver value to our shareholders in the years ahead. 

Highlights: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alpha Petroleum Resources acquired ATP Oil & Gas UK, our partner in and operator of the Skipper and Blythe licences in February 
2014.  Alpha had to demonstrate funding to drill the Skipper appraisal well and to develop Blythe and also their technical competence 
to the Department of Energy.  This resulted in both licences being extended to the end of September 2015.   

A gas sales agreement for IOG’s share of Blythe gas was entered into with BP Gas Trading in February 2014, thus further strengthening 
our relationship with BP Trading. 

IOG announced the acquisition of the licence containing the Cronx discovery in March 2014.  The consideration was structured as a 
low upfront cost and also relatively low future milestone payments.  Completion is expected before the end of 2015. 

Interim debt funding was agreed in June 2014 with Darwin Strategic.  Post year end the loan has been partially repaid with £358,000 
now outstanding and repayable by 4th September 2015. 

A strategic alliance was agreed with Ping Petroleum in September 2014 with a view to leveraging our various respective strengths to 
acquire producing assets in the UKCS.  IOG continues to review such opportunities and it remains a strategic goal to acquire producing 
assets. 

A Memorandum of Understanding was entered into with AGR Well Management in September 2014 to provide well project management 
and construction services. 

A  small  equity  fund  raise  was  completed  in  November  2014  with  all  of  the  board  directors  contributing.    This  was  done  at  a  small 
premium to the prevailing share price in a difficult market.   

In December 2014, IOG was awarded the Elgood licence adjacent to Cronx and Blythe in the 28th licensing round, allowing IOG to 
consider a joint development approach with Cronx.  We also bid two firm wells on some larger discoveries elsewhere in the North Sea 
and despite only six firm wells being bid in the whole licensing round we were out-bid on both applications.  That corroborates the good 
work our technical team is doing and we remain pleased with what we have and are already considering plans for the 29th licensing 
round next year. 

  We strengthened our board during the year with Paul Murray joining in March 2014.  Mehdi Varzi resigned in November following which 

the Board asked me to become interim Chairman.  We also changed our Nomad and Broker from Charles Stanley to finnCap. 

Post year end we have had some significant developments: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long term financing discussions on the funding of Skipper, Cronx, Elgood and Blythe through to production are progressing well with 
an internationally listed group with a multi-billion dollar market capitalisation and all parties continue to work towards a completion date 
by 15th August 2015.  It is envisaged that these arrangements will include the refinancing of the Company’s outstanding loans. 

These funding negotiations have only been possible because of the quality of our assets and the strength of our team and that gives 
me great confidence that we will fulfil our longer term strategic aim which is to be producing 20,000 boepd net to IOG by the end of 
2018. 

In parallel with the above proposed  financing, on 3rd June 2015 we announced the acquisition of the remaining 50% of  the Skipper 
licence from Alpha subject to confirmation of funding and regulatory approvals.  We consider this to be an excellent deal for IOG and 
this transaction has been pivotal in negotiating the proposed funding package.  This acquisition remains subject to DECC/OGA approval 
and requires a licence extension to allow the appraisal well to be drilled next year. 

Also on the 3rd June 2015, the Company raised £350,000 through the sale of 1,471,206 shares held by Darwin Strategic at a price of 
23.79p per share.  Of the net proceeds, £150,000 was allocated for working capital, whilst the balance was used towards reducing the 
outstanding loan and associated costs with Darwin Strategic.  Darwin Strategic agreed to extend the remaining loan by three months to 
4th September 2015. 

A further investment of £145,000 was committed in June 2015 through the issue of 609,500 new ordinary shares at 23.79p per share.  
The funding was completed at a premium to the prevailing market price. 

The Company is now funded until 4th September 2015, at which point the balance of the Darwin Loan becomes repayable. 

IOG was also awarded a revised and increased area in licence P2260, block 48/22c which now includes the Hambleton discovery to 
the south of Elgood. 

  We  announced  three  phases  of  3D  seismic  remapping  which  is  expected  to  increase  our  understanding  of  some  of  the  smaller 
discoveries in the portfolio and help to establish commerciality and ultimately increase reserves.  The first phase was over the Blythe, 
Cronx  and  Elgood  area.    The  second  phase  will  be  over  Skipper  which  will  also  help  with  the  appraisal  well  planning  and  pre  drill 
estimates.  The third phase over the wider SNS area including Truman, Harvey and Hambleton will follow. 

 

An MOU has been agreed with Baker Hughes for the provision of oilfield services on our projects.  Discussions have also commenced 
with potential FPSO providers for the Skipper development.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 2 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
Strategic Report 

Principal Activities and Business Review 

The Company has its headquarters in London and its oil and gas interests are located in the UK sector of the North Sea. 

IOG’s strategy is to target stranded assets and dormant discoveries, especially those near to existing and ideally, owned infrastructure (the “Hub 
Strategy”).  These are assets that are  no longer targets for the Major oil companies but are potentially profitable developments which can be 
beneficially developed by a smaller independent company, focused on the North Sea. 

The aim is to build on the existing development assets in order to achieve a diversified, balanced, portfolio of near and long term developments 
with exploration upside that complement the existing operations.  This will include the acquisition of producing fields or near-term production if the 
risk is positively assessed and the acquisition price results in value accretion. 

The Directors believe that there is a significant opportunity for the Company to exploit this strategy, given that there are over 400 undeveloped 
and underdeveloped assets in the UKCS. 

In addition to targeting stranded assets, IOG is also following and developing the Hub Strategy model successfully developed originally in the Gulf 
of Mexico and subsequently and similarly successfully deployed by Venture Production, Dana Petroleum and CH4 Energy in the North Sea.  The 
Hub Strategy targets dormant discoveries and exploration prospects nearby owned infrastructure where tariffs are already agreed and ullage is 
available in the offtake route for the production.  IOG has already delivered on  the initial part of this strategy with the successful award of the 
Truman & Harvey Licence and by agreeing to acquire the Cronx discovery, which is subject to completion. 

IOG has the skills and competencies to become an operator and this will be instrumental in achieving the aforementioned growth.  We are very 
pleased to have lodged with OGA/DECC our application to operate the Cronx and Skipper licences. 

Operator status gives a licensee more control over the field development plan and its execution.  This also makes it easier to deliver on the Hub 
Strategy because as the operator of owned infrastructure, third party consents to tie in additional discoveries are easier to facilitate.  Also, as the 
Majors continue to divest late life producing assets they often prefer to assign operatorship and redeploy their own resources and so additional 
opportunities arise.  In the UK licensing rounds, certain licences will only be made available to pre-qualified operators. 

Overall, the Board is confident that the Company has the management, experience and technical expertise to create and seize new opportunities 
for future growth. 

Licences 

Independent Oil and Gas plc (“IOG”) through its wholly owned subsidiary IOG North Sea Ltd (“IOGNS”) is currently a licensee on two Traditional 
Licences and two Promote Licences all in the North Sea;  

• 
• 
• 
• 

P 1736 covering blocks 48/22b and 48/23a in which lies the Blythe gas field;  
P1609 covering block 9/21a in which lies the Skipper oil discovery; 
P2085 covering blocks 48/23c and 48/24b (Truman and Harvey); and 
P2260 covering block 48/22c (Elgood, Hambleton, Tetley and Rebellion). 

Licence P1736 (Blythe) is operated by Alpha Petroleum Resources Ltd (“Alpha”) which holds the remaining 50%.  Subject to completion of the 
acquisition and OGA/DECC approval, IOG will own 100% of the Skipper licence P1609 and will become operator.  IOG is the licence administrator 
on licences P1941 and P2260 and has applied to operate licence P1737 covering block 48/22a (Cronx) to the west of the proposed Blythe field 
development.  This application is subject to the extension of licence P1737 and completion of the acquisition of the licence from Swift Exploration 
Ltd. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 3 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Reserves and Resources 
The Group has 1P reserves of 2.1MMBoe, 2P reserves of 3MMBoe, 1C contingent resources of 18.8MMBoe and 2C contingent resources of 
31.3MMBoe.  The Group’s Proven, Probable and Possible reserves and resources for the Blythe and Skipper Hubs as at 31st December 2014 
were as follows:- 

Blythe Hub Reserves and Resources 

Net Proven Reserves 

*Blythe 

Net Contingent Resources  

‡ Harvey 

‡ Elgood 

‡ Hambleton 

*Cronx 

† Blythe - Carboniferous 

Total Blythe Hub Discoveries 

1P 
(Bcf) 

11.2 

1C 
(Bcf) 

6 

4 

2 

7.7 

21 

52 

2P 
(Bcf) 

17.2 

2C 
(Bcf) 

16 

11 

6 

17.6 

30 

98 

3P 
(Bcf) 

23.7 

3C 
(Bcf) 

26 

14 

26 

40.4 

90 

220 

1P 
(MMBoe) 

2.1 

2P 
(MMBoe) 

3.0 

3P 
(MMBoe) 

4.5 

1C 
(MMBoe) 

2C 
(MMBoe) 

3C 
(MMBoe) 

1.1 

0.8 

0.4 

1.5 

4.0 

9.8 

2.8 

2.1 

1.1 

3.4 

5.7 

18.2 

4.6 

2.7 

5.0 

7.7 

17.2 

41.7 

Net Prospective Resources  

1C 
(Bcf) 

2C 
(Bcf) 

3C 
(Bcf) 

1C 
(MMBoe) 

2C 
(MMBoe) 

3C 
(MMBoe) 

‡ Truman 

‡ Tetley 

‡ Rebellion 

Total Blythe Hub Prospects 

7 

5 

2 

14 

25 

14 

6 

45 

42 

36 

18 

96 

1.2 

1.0 

0.4 

2.6 

4.4 

2.7 

1.1 

8.2 

7.4 

6.9 

3.4 

17.7 

Sources:  

*ERC Equipoise CPRs September 2013 & July 2012. 
†Tullow 48/23a Relinquishment Report May 2009. 
‡IOG internal view May 2014. 
Note that the Cronx acquisition is subject to completion. 

Skipper Hub Resources  

Net Contingent Resources 

Skipper 

1C 
(MMBbls) 

2C 
(MMBbls) 

3C 
(MMBbls) 

9.0 

13.1 

17.5 

Net Prospective Resources 

Skipper - Maureen 

Skipper - Dornoch 

Total Skipper Hub 

1C 
(MMBbls) 

2C 
(MMBbls) 

3C 
(MMBbls) 

1.8 

1.2 

11.9 

3.3 

2.0 

18.4 

5.6 

3.1 

26.1 

Source:  

AGR Tracs CPR September 2013. 

Note. The Skipper resources are for the 50% of Skipper owned by IOG at 31st December 2014. Subject to completion of the acquisition of Alpha 
Petroleum’s 50% the Skipper resources will be doubled. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 4 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operational Update 

Blythe 

The Blythe gas discovery straddles Blocks 48/22b and 48/23a in the Southern North Sea in licence P1736 which is 50% co-owned by IOG and 
Alpha Petroleum Resources Ltd (operator).  Blythe needs no further appraisal and has independently verified gross 2P reserves of 34.3 BCF (6.1 
MMBoe) which is 17.2 BCF (3.0 MMBoe) net to IOG.  (Source: ERC Equipoise Competent Person’s Report dated September 2013.) 

The partnership is working towards submitting a Field Development Plan for Blythe by 3Q 2015.  IOG is targeting first gas from the Blythe field in 
Q2 2017 but the final development schedule has yet to be formalised. 

Under the agreement signed with BP Gas Marketing Ltd in February 2013, IOG is now well positioned to be able to sell its 50% share of the gas 
produced from the Blythe gas field development. 

Skipper 

The Skipper oil discovery is in Blocks 9/21a in the Northern North Sea in licence P1609 which is 50% co-owned by IOG and Alpha Petroleum 
Resources Ltd (operator).  

IOG has announced the acquisition of the remaining 50% of the Skipper licence from Alpha.  This is in return for committing to fund and drill the 
commitment well and thus is for only a nominal upfront consideration, although we will have to make further payments of $3m upon the approval 
of the Skipper Field Development Plan and a payment of $15m shortly after first production from the field.  We consider this to be an excellent 
deal  for  IOG  and  was  an  essential  part  of  us  becoming  more  attractive  for  a  potential  funding  package.    This  acquisition  remains  subject  to 
OGA/DECC approval including a licence extension to allow the appraisal well to be drilled next year. 

Skipper needs further appraisal by drilling a well to retrieve core and oil samples in order to design the optimum field development plan for the 
field.  Skipper has independently verified gross 2C resources of 26.2 MMBbls which is 13.1 MMBbls net to IOG.  The appraisal well will also target 
two exploration prospects directly beneath the Skipper oil discovery which may contain oil in place of 46 MMBbls.  (Source: AGR Tracs Competent 
Person’s Report dated September 2013.) 

An appraisal well on the Skipper licence is expected to take place in mid-2016.  An MOU has been agreed with Baker Hughes for the development 
activity on IOG’s assets.   

The well will appraise the Skipper discovery and target three exploration prospects directly beneath it. 

Discussions have also commenced with potential FPSO providers for the Skipper development. 

Cronx (Acquisition subject to completion) 

The  acquisition  of  the  Cronx  licence,  as  previously  announced,  remains  ongoing.    The  licence  has  been  extended  by  the  Oil  and  Gas 
Authority/Department of Energy and Climate Change (“OGA/DECC”) to the end of 2015, providing additional time for completion.  Completion is 
subject to funding the commitment well, which allows IOG to qualify as an exploration operator in the UKCS.  IOG submitted its application to 
operate this licence in March 2014.  Approval is contingent upon demonstration of funding and a rig contract to drill the commitment well. 

The Cronx gas discovery is 14km north-west of the Blythe field in which IOG holds 50%.  Cronx was discovered in 2007 by well 48/22b-6 drilled 
by Perenco UK Ltd.  Subject to agreement with the co-owner of the Blythe field, Alpha Petroleum Resources Ltd and the successful development 
of Blythe, the gas export of Cronx would be via the Blythe hub which will be 50% owned by IOG. 

IOG  commissioned  an  independent  Competent  Person’s  Report  (CPR)  by  ERC  Equipoise  on  Cronx  in  July  2012  which  shows  a  base  case 
expected gas recovery of 17.6 BCF or 3.4 MMBOE 2C resource.  IOG anticipates committing to drill the well later in 2015.  IOG expects the well 
to confirm the recoverable resources, which IOG believes has the potential to be larger than the 17.6 BCF base case in the CPR.  The well would 
be suspended as a producing well as part of the field development. 

Further information and maps of the Cronx field may be found on IOG’s website. 

28th Licensing Round 

In line with the Company’s hub strategy, in December 2014, IOG was awarded the Elgood licence adjacent to Cronx and Blythe.  Typically there 
is  a further  delay  of  awards  in  this  part  of  the  SNS  due  to  additional  environmental considerations. This  was  particularly  good  news and  has 
allowed us to consider a joint development approach with Cronx.  We also bid two firm wells on some larger discoveries elsewhere in the North 
Sea and despite only six firm wells being bid in the whole licensing round we were out-bid on both applications.  That corroborates the good work 
our technical team is doing and we remain pleased with what we have and are already considering plans for the 29th licensing round next year. 

Asset Acquisitions 

Subject to securing appropriate financing or negotiating a proper structure  IOG is now also considering the acquisition of producing assets to 
support the wider development and growth of the business. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 5 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
Finance Review 
The Group made a loss of £12.14 million during 2014 (2013 - £1.03 million).  The principal components were two non-cash items; impairments of 
oil and gas properties of £8.25 million (2013 - £NIL) following the fall in commodity prices, and share-based payments of £1.34 million (2013 - 
£0.36 million) reflecting the Company’s policy of restricting cash remuneration in favour of equity-based incentives. 

Other significant amounts comprised administrative expenses of £0.69 million (2013 - £0.28 million), exploration costs written off of £0.64 million 
(2013 – £NIL) and finance expense of £1.14 million (2013 - £0.17 million).  Finance expense included non-cash impairment of derivative financial 
assets of £0.83 million (2013 - £NIL) related to the Company’s Darwin financing. 

Capital expenditures in the year totalled £0.50 million (2013 - £0.09 million) principally on the Group’s Blythe and Skipper interests.  This, plus 
cash consumed on operating activities of £1.25 million (2013 - £0.82 million), was largely financed through the issue of shares raising £0.45 million 
(2013 - £2.0 million) and loans of £0.52 million (2013 – loan notes of £0.17 million) with the balance covered by a reduction in cash balances from 
£1.12 million at end 2013 to £0.40 million at 31st December 2014. 

The Directors will not be recommending payment of the dividend. 

Darwin Loan and Equity Swap 
On 4th June 2014 IOG entered into a loan and equity swap with Darwin Strategic Ltd.  The Loan amount of £517,500 was made available to the 
Company for working capital purposes.  The Company issued 5,625,000 shares at a price of 32p to Darwin in exchange for an equivalent number 
of Loan Notes. The Company may, at its sole discretion, instruct Darwin to sell shares and redeem the Loan Notes.  At year end the outstanding 
loan was £461,000 and Darwin held 4,555,000 shares in IOG. 

On 4th June 2015 IOG instructed Darwin to sell 1,471,206 shares at 23.79p, a premium to the share price at the time, thus raising £350,000.  
23.79p  was the  price  at  which IOG  shares  were  admitted to AIM  on  30th  September  2013.   Of  the  net  proceeds,  £150,000  was  allocated for 
working capital, whilst the balance was used towards reducing the outstanding loan and associated costs with Darwin Strategic.  Darwin now 
owns  2,683,794  shares  in  IOG.    Darwin  agreed  to  extend  the  outstanding  loan  to  4th  September  2015,  when  the  remaining  loan  balance  of 
£358,000 is due to be repaid.  Darwin owns 326,087 warrants with an exercise price of 46p, expiring on 12th June 2017. 

Key Performance Indicators 

The  Group’s  main  business  is  the  acquisition  and  exploitation  of  oil  and  gas  acreage.    Non-financial  performance  is  tracked  through  the 
accumulation of licence interests followed by the successful discovery and exploitation of oil and gas reserves as indicated through prospective, 
contingent and proved reserves inventories.  Financial performance is tracked through the raising of finance to fund proposed programmes and 
the control of costs against budgets. 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 

The Group operates in the oil and gas industry, an environment subject to a range of inherent risks and uncertainties.  Being at an early stage the 
prime risks to which the Group is subject are the access to sufficient funding to continue its operations, the status and financing of its partners, 
changes in cost and reserves estimates for its assets, changes in forward commodity prices and the successful development of  its oil and gas 
reserves.  Key risks and associated mitigation are set out below. 

Investment  Returns:  Management  seeks  to  raise  funds  and  then to  generate  shareholder  returns though  investment  in  a  portfolio  of 
exploration and development acreage leading to the drilling of wells, the discovery of commercial reserves followed by their  exploitation.  
Delivery of this business model carries a number of key risks.  

Risk 

Mitigation 

Market support may be eroded obstructing fundraising 
and lowering the share price 

•  Management regularly communicates its strategy to shareholders 
•  Focus is placed on building an asset portfolio capable of delivering 

Each asset carries its own risk profile and no outcome 
can be certain 

Company may not be able to raise funds to exploit its 
assets or continue as a going concern 

regular news flow and offering continuing prospectivity 

•  Management aims to avoid over-exposure to individual assets and to 

identify the associated risks objectively 

•  Management maintains regular dialogue with a variety of potential 

funding partners and is working towards a binding agreement with an 
internationally listed group with a multi-billion dollar market capitalisation 

Operations: Operations may not go according to plan leading to damage, pollution, cost overruns and poor outcomes. 

Risk 

Mitigation 

Individual wells may not deliver recoverable oil and 
gas reserves 

Resource estimates may be misleading curtailing 
actual reserves recovered 

•  Thorough pre-drill evaluations are conducted to identify the risk/reward 

balance 

•  Exposure is selectively mitigated through farm-out 
•  The Group deploys qualified personnel 
•  Regular third-party reports are commissioned 
•  A prudent range of possible outcomes are considered within the planning 

process 

Personnel: The Company relies upon a pool of experienced and motivated personnel to identify and execute successful investment 
strategies 

Risks 

Mitigation 

Key personnel may be lost to other companies 

•  The Remuneration Committee regularly evaluates incentivisation schemes 

to ensure they remain competitive 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 6 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
Corporate Hedging Strategy and Implementation 

Hedging is considered to be an integral part of IOG’s risk management policy.  The primary objective of the Company’s hedging strategy is to 
provide protection of its projected cash flows, generated from operations, against unforeseen changes in short and medium term market conditions.  

No hedging instruments were utilised during 2014 in view of the limited exposures carried during the year.  As the Company’s capital investment 
programmes increase hedging will be carried out in a simple and cost effective manner, retaining exposure to upside but avoiding any speculative 
exposure to commodity prices or exchange rates.  The application of the policy is within a range to require exercise of management judgement in 
the light of market conditions and business variables. 

Details of the Group’s financial instruments can be found in note 17 to the financial statements. 

Insurance 

The  Group  insures  the  risks  it  considers  appropriate  for  the  Group’s  needs  and  circumstances.    However,  the  Group  may  elect  not  to  have 
insurance for certain risks, due to the high premium costs associated with insuring those risks or for various other reasons, including an assessment 
that the risks are remote. 

Going concern 

Refer to Note 1 on page 21 for information on going concern. 

Funding 
As at 31st May 2015 the Group had cash resources of £43,000.  On 4th June the Group repaid part of the Darwin loan and received £150,000 to 
fund  overheads  which  are  currently  projected  at  £33,200  per  month.    The  remaining  loan  due  to  Darwin  is  £358,000  which  falls  due  on 
4th September 2015.  The only additional significant creditor is the ≈$2m outstanding to Weatherford payable in September 2016. 

Furthermore on 3rd June 2015, the Group announced that a Letter of Intent had been signed with an internationally listed group with a multi-billion 
dollar market capitalisation which will fully fund the next phase of the work programmes on both Blythe and Skipper, and include refinancing of 
certain liabilities.  These funding proposals are subject to final documentation and are anticipated to complete by mid-August 2015.  Whilst the 
Directors  are confident  the financing  transaction  will  complete  as  planned,  completion  is  dependent upon  conditions  outside  of  the  Directors’ 
control.  Therefore there exists a risk that the transaction will not complete as expected.  

On behalf of the Board 

Mark Routh 
Director 

29th June 2015 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 7 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Board of Directors 

IOG  is  led  by  a  strong,  disciplined  Board  with  extensive  experience  in  all  aspects  of  the  Company’s  business  supported  by  a  capable  and 
experienced management team.  Their experience covers both ends of the investment spectrum from private equity backed start-up companies 
to FTSE-100 listed companies.  The Board is supported by a capable and experienced management team who provide their services as required 
on a contract basis. 

Mehdi Varzi - Non-executive Chairman (resigned on 5th November 2014) 
Mr Varzi is highly experienced with considerable oil and gas knowledge.  He is a Member of the international advisory  panel, RECIPCO, with 
specific responsibility for energy developments and an advisor to Una Oil S.A, a private offshore international oil services company.  He has held 
various high profile city jobs including Managing Director, Global Energy Research at Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein and vice Chairman of Gulf 
Keystone Petroleum plc.  Mr Varzi is the Chair of the Audit Committee and a member of the Remuneration Committee. 

Mark Routh - Chief Executive Officer and Acting Chairman 
Mr Routh has over 30 years’ experience in the oil and gas industry.  He is the former Chief Executive Officer and founder of oil and gas company, 
CH4 Energy Limited, which was an owner and operator in the North Sea.  CH4 was formed with £1 million funding from management and 3i in 
2002 and sold to Venture Production plc in 2006 for £154.4 million, providing 3i a with a record 7.3 multiple return on its investment.  Prior to 
founding CH4, Mr Routh served for ten years with Amerada Hess, six years with BP and five years with Schlumberger in South East Asia and the 
North Sea.  Mr Routh is also the non-executive Chairman of Warrego Energy Ltd a company with onshore gas assets in Western Australia. 

Peter Young - Chief Financial Officer 
Mr Young has over 15 years’ experience in oil and gas banking and finance with a focus on the mid-cap E&P sector.  He was previously on the 
board  of  Ebor  Energy  Inc.  and  Multi  Operational Service  Tankers  Inc.   He  was  a  founder member  of IOG  in  2011  as Business  Development 
Director and became CFO in February 2013.  Prior to that he was Regional Head of Energy Derivative Sales at Standard Chartered Bank. 

Marie-Louise Clayton – Non- Executive Director 
Ms Clayton has 30 years' experience.  She is the former Chief Financial Officer of oil and gas company, Venture Production plc.  Prior to joining 
Venture, Ms Clayton was Group Finance Director and Chief Information Officer of the Primary Food Division of Associated British Foods plc and 
served at a number of major industrial companies including ExxonMobil, Alcatel, and GEC Alstom.  She is currently a non-executive director of 
fully listed Diploma plc, AIM quoted Zotefoams plc and Geoffrey Osborne Ltd, a large private construction company.  Previously Ms Clayton was 
the chair of Audit at Forth Ports plc.  Ms Clayton is a member of the Audit and Remuneration Committees. 

Michael Jordan – Non-executive Director 
Mr Jordan is a serial entrepreneur leading the successful development and subsequent divestment of three environmental groups between 1995 
and 2006.  He formed Acura Investment group in 2007 and, as Chief Executive Officer, has investments in energy, property, retail and the oil and 
gas sector.  Mr Jordan is the Chair of the Remuneration Committee and a member of the Audit Committee. 

Paul Murray – Non-executive Director 
Mr Murray is currently the Chair of Audit and Independent Non-Executive Director of Royal Mail plc and QinetiQ plc, and a Non-Executive Director 
of Naked Energy Ltd and Ventive Ltd.  Previously Group Finance Director of Carlton Communications plc and LASMO plc a FTSE 100 listed North 
Sea Oil and Gas Company.  Trained as a Petroleum Engineer with Mobil following a BSc in Engineering Science from Durham University.  Mr 
Murray is a member of the Audit and Remuneration Committees. 

Remuneration Policy 

Remuneration  comprises  a  mix  of  salary  payments  and  equity  incentives.    During  the  initial  investment  phase  the  mix  is  weighted  towards 
incentives rather than cash payments. 

Options and Long Term Incentive Plan Policy 
The Board believes that it is important that employees of the Group (including executive directors) are appropriately and properly motivated and 
rewarded,  with  the  success  of  the  Group  dependent  to  a  significant  degree  on  the  future  performance  of  the  executive  management  team.  
Accordingly, the Board has adopted the Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) allowing the Company to grant to directors and employees options 
over ordinary shares.  The LTIP is administered by the Remuneration Committee and the maximum aggregate awards under the LTIP, together 
with any other employee share schemes, cannot exceed ten per cent of the issued share capital of the Company at the time of grant. 

Salary Sacrifice arrangements 
The Directors may establish further share incentive arrangements for the benefit of the Group’s employees in the future.  Any options to be granted 
under any such share incentive arrangements will be at the discretion of the Remuneration Committee.  Options may also be granted to non-
executive directors of, and consultants to, the Group.  These options will not be granted pursuant to the Long Term Incentive plan, but will be 
granted under individual option agreements between the Company and the individual concerned. 

During the year, as a result of cash constraints on the Company and a desire to ensure that these limited resources were focussed on operations, 
the service agreements of Key Management were varied such that cash payments were reduced and the difference settled by options granted 
with a strike price of 1p.  The number of options granted is determined by the Company’s volume weighted average share price for each six month 
period of salary or fee sacrifice.  Further details can be found in Note 4 to the financial statements. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 8 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
Corporate Governance Statement 

The Directors recognise the importance of sound corporate governance commensurate with the size and nature of the Company and the interests 
of its Shareholders.  The Corporate Governance Code does not apply to companies quoted on AIM and there is no formal alternative for AIM 
companies.  The Quoted Companies Alliance has published a set of corporate governance guidelines for AIM companies, which include a code 
of  best  practice  for  AIM  companies,  comprising  principles  intended  as  a  minimum  standard,  and  recommendations  for  reporting  corporate 
governance matters.  

Set out below is a description of the Company’s corporate governance practices. 

The Board 
The Board meets regularly and is responsible for strategy, performance, approval of any major capital expenditure and the framework of internal 
controls. 

The Board is responsible for establishing and maintaining the Group’s system of internal financial controls and importance is placed on maintaining 
a robust control environment.  The Board has established key procedures to provide effective internal financial control including the following: 

• 
• 

• 

monthly management reporting to enable the Board to monitor the performance of the Group; 
the adoption and review of a comprehensive annual budget for the Group.  Monthly results are examined against the budget and deviations 
closely monitored by the Board; and 
the Board is responsible for identifying major business risks faced by the Group and for determining the appropriate courses of action to 
manage those risks; 

The  Board  includes  three  non-executive  directors.  If  necessary,  the  non-executive  directors  may  take  independent  advice.    The  Board  has 
delegated specific responsibilities to the committees referred to below.   

Audit Committee 
The  Audit  Committee  comprises  Marie-Louise  Clayton,  Paul  Murray  and  Mike  Jordan.    The  Audit  Committee  has  primary  responsibility  for 
monitoring the quality of internal controls and ensuring that the financial performance of the Group is properly measured and reported on.  In 
addition, it receives and reviews reports from the Company’s management and auditors.  The Audit Committee meets at least twice a year and 
has unrestricted access to the Company’s auditors. 

Remuneration Committee 
The  Remuneration  Committee  comprises  Mike  Jordan  (Chairman),  Marie-Louise  Clayton  and  Paul  Murray.    The  Remuneration  Committee 
determines the remuneration of the executive directors and grants share options and any other equity incentives pursuant to any share option 
scheme or LTIP in operation from time to time.  The Remuneration Committee meets at least twice a year. 

Nomination Committee 
There is no nomination committee.  This will be reviewed as the business progresses. 

Health, Safety and Environmental Policy 
The IOG Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Policy has been developed for the formal IOG Environmental Management System (EMS) in 
accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the  ISO14001  Standard.    The  most  recent  version  of  the  policy  was  approved  by  the  IOG  board  on 
27th February 2014.  This policy will guide the development of the IOG EMS and its operating practices going forward. 

Environmental Management 
As referenced above, an EMS is currently in development to manage the environmental aspects of IOG’s offshore operations.  The scope of the 
EMS will cover offshore exploration drilling, site and environmental surveys and office based activities carried out in support of these offshore 
operations.    It  is  the  goal  of  IOG  to  achieve  both  external  certification  of  the  EMS  to  ISO14001  and  associated  verification  to  OSPAR 
Recommendation 2003/5 by November 2015. 

A key part of the function of the EMS will be to identify the significant environmental aspects of IOG’s offshore operations  and related legal and 
other requirements.  As such the initial phase of EMS development is focussing on the development of an Environmental Aspects Register and 
Register of Environmental Legislation.  This will allow IOG to focus on managing the key environmental aspects of its operations and help maintain 
legal compliance throughout.  This will also facilitate the setting of appropriate objectives and targets for the control of environmentally significant 
aspects. 

A plan outlining the future operational control procedures designed to practically manage environmental aspects will also be developed to show 
that  the  anticipated  requirements  for  operational  control  have  been  identified.    IOG  intends  to  complete  these  fundamental  steps  in  the 
development of the EMS by the end of 2015.  A series of external independent progress reviews of the EMS will be undertaken by a third party 
consultancy at key stages to ensure it is developed and implemented appropriately, providing both assurance within IOG and to external parties 
such as OGA/DECC. 

EMS requirements will be implemented and monitored on a practical basis during the planning of drilling operations (and ongoing general office 
activities) as it is developed, allowing for formal external assessment of its practical implementation at a later date.  IOG is aware of its position 
as a small operator relying on major contractors to conduct operations offshore where its significant environmental aspects and related impacts 
will be found.  As such operational control procedures and related documents such as bridging documents will be designed to ensure the effective 
implementation of the IOG EMS and its standards throughout both the planning and execution of offshore operations.  This will focus on key areas 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 9 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
such as contractor appraisal, competency and training, interfacing of management systems and monitoring of operations offshore.  This will take 
account  of  key  ongoing communication  from  OGA/DECC,  regarding  operator  and contractor EMS  interfacing,  circulated since the  Deepwater 
Horizon incident. 

Bribery Act Policy 
IOG’s policy is to conduct all of its business in an honest and ethical manner.  IOG applies a zero-tolerance approach to bribery and corruption 
and is committed to acting professionally, fairly and with integrity in all its business dealings and relationships wherever it operates by implementing 
and enforcing effective systems to counter bribery. 

On behalf of the Board 

Mark Routh 
Director 

29th June 2015 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 10 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Glossary of Key Technical Terms 

2P 

2C 

the sum of Proved Reserves plus Probable Reserves; 

the best estimate of Contingent Resources; 

Bbl or Bbls 

a unit of volume measurement used for petroleum and its products (for a typical crude oil 7.3Bbls = 1 
tonne, 6.29Bbls = 1 cubic metre); 

Block 

BCF 

an  areal  subdivision  of  the  UKCS  of  10  minutes  of  latitude  by  12  minutes  of  longitude  measuring 
approximately 10 by 20 kilometres, forming part of a quadrant.  Each quadrant is divided into a grid five 
blocks wide and six deep, and numbered 1 to 30 from NW to SE; 
billions of cubic feet (of natural gas); 

BOE 

barrels of oil equivalent; 

boepd 

barrels of oil equivalent per day; 

Contingent 
Resources 

those  quantities  of  petroleum  estimated  to  be  potentially  recoverable  from  known  accumulations  by 
application  of  development  projects,  but  which  are  not  currently  considered  to  be  commercially 
recoverable due to one or more contingencies; 

MMBbls 

millions of barrels of oil; 

MMBOE 

millions of barrels of oil equivalent; 

Probable 
Reserves 

Proved 
Reserves 

those unproved reserves which analysis of geological and engineering data suggests are more likely 
than not to be recoverable.  In this context, when probabilistic methods are used, there should be at 
least a 50% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the sum of estimated 
Proved plus Probable reserves; 

those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated 
with  reasonable  certainty  to  be  commercially  recoverable,  from  a  given  date  forward,  from  known 
reservoirs  and  under  current  economic  conditions,  operating  methods  and  government  regulations.  
Proved reserves can be categorised as developed or undeveloped.  If deterministic methods are used, 
the term reasonable certainty is intended to express a high degree of confidence that the quantities will 
be recovered.  If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90% probability that the 
quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate; and 

Reserves 

those quantities of petroleum anticipated to be commercially recoverable by application of development 
projects to known accumulations from a given date forward under defined conditions.  Reserves must 
further satisfy four criteria: they must be discovered, recoverable, commercial and remaining (as of the 
evaluation date) based on the development project(s) being applied. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 11 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Report of the Directors 

The directors present their report and audited financial statements of Independent Oil and Gas plc (“the Company”) and its subsidiaries ("the 
Group") for the year ended 31st December 2014.  All amounts are shown in Pounds Sterling, unless otherwise stated. 

Information about the principal activities of the business, statement of reserves and resources, operational and financial updates, the principal 
risks and uncertainties faced by the business, the Group’s KPIs and the Directors’ going concern assessment has been provided as part of the 
Strategic Report included on page 3. 

Dividend 

The Directors do not recommend the payment of a dividend (2013: £nil). 

Future Developments 

The  Group  is  currently  engaged  in  discussions  for  long  term  funding  of  Skipper,  Cronx,  Elgood  and  Blythe  through  to  production.    These 
discussions are progressing well with an internationally listed group with a multi-billion dollar market capitalisation and all parties continue to work 
towards a completion date by 15th August 2015.  Once the new funding has been obtained, the Group plans to appraise and develop its existing 
discoveries in conjunction with its partners, explore its new licence interests and seek new investment opportunities.  Further details are included 
in the Strategic Report on page 3. 

Directors and their Interests 

The directors who held office during the year, and to the date of this report, were: 

Mark Routh  
Peter Young  
Mehdi Varzi (resigned 5th November 2014) 
Marie-Louise Clayton  
Michael Jordan  
Paul Murray (appointed 11th March 2014) 

Directors’ biographies and committee memberships are set out on page 8. 

The Group has provided the directors with third party indemnity insurance of £13,000 (2013 - £11,000). 

Directors who held office at the end of the financial year had the following interests in shares of the Company:  

Ordinary shares of 1p each 
Mark Routh 
Peter Young  
Marie-Louise Clayton 
Michael Jordan  
Paul Murray 

At 31 December 2014 
4,303,010 
13,726,638 
2,732,591 
6,957,560 
951,420 

At 31 December 2013 
4,121,189 
13,544,820 
2,550,773 
6,775,742 
769,602 

The total holding of Marie-Louise Clayton includes 313,073 shares held through Clayton Consulting Partners of which she is a majority shareholder 
and director.  The total holding of Michael Jordan is held through Acura Oil & Gas Limited of which he is a majority shareholder and director. 

Details of directors’ emoluments and share options are set out in note 4 to the financial statements. 

Risk management  

Information on the financial and operational risks faced by the Group and the risk management objectives and policies is included in the Strategic 
Report on page 3. 

Financial Instruments 

Information on financial instruments can be found in note 17 to the financial statements. 

Related Parties 

Information on related party transactions can be found in note 19 to the financial statements. 

Subsequent Events 

Information on subsequent events can be found in note 20 to the financial statements. 

Shareholder communications 

The Company has a website, www.independentoilandgas.com, to provide information to shareholders. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 12 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED 

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities 

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations. 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year.  Under that legislation the directors have elected to 
prepare the Group and Company financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs") as adopted by 
the European Union.  Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true 
and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and Company and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period.  The directors are also required 
to prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London Stock Exchange for companies trading securities on the Alternative 
Investment Market (“AIM”).   

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union, subject to any material departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business. 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and 
disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable  them to ensure that the financial statements 
comply with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for 
taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

Website publication 

The directors are responsible for ensuring the annual report and the financial statements are made available on a website.  Financial statements 
are published on the Company's website in accordance with legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of 
financial  statements,  which  may  vary  from  legislation  in  other  jurisdictions.    The  maintenance  and  integrity  of  the  Company's  website  is  the 
responsibility of the directors.  The directors' responsibility also extends to the ongoing integrity of the financial statements contained therein. 

Directors' confirmation 

Each person who is director at the time when this report is approved has confirmed that: 

a. 
b. 

So far as each director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware; and 
Each director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director, including making appropriate enquiries of fellow directors 
and the Company's auditor for that purpose, in order to be aware of any information needed by the Company's auditor in connection with 
preparing their report and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information. 

Auditor 

BDO LLP have expressed their willingness to continue in office and a resolution to re-appoint them will be proposed at the annual general meeting. 

On behalf of the Board 

Peter Young 
Director 

29th June 2015 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 13 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT OIL AND GAS PLC 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

TO THE MEMBERS OF INDEPENDENT OIL AND GAS PLC 

We have audited the financial statements of Independent Oil and Gas plc for the year ended 31st December 2014 which comprise the Consolidated 
Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes in Equity, Consolidated and Company Statements of 
Financial Position, Consolidated and Company Statements of Cash Flows and the related notes.  The financial reporting framework that has been 
applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the European Union and, as 
regards the Parent Company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006.  

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006.  Our audit 
work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report 
and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other  than the Company 
and the Company's members as a body for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Respective responsibilities of directors and auditors 

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements 
and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view.  Our responsibility is to audit and express  an opinion on the financial statements in 
accordance with applicable law and International Standards on Auditing (UK and Ireland).  Those standards require us to comply with the Financial 
Reporting Council’s (FRC’s) Ethical Standards for Auditors.  

Scope of the audit of the financial statements 

A description of the scope of an audit of financial statements is provided on the FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditscopeukprivate.  

Opinion on financial statements 

In our opinion:  

 

 
 

 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the Group's and the Parent Company's affairs as at 31st December 2014 and 
of the Group's loss for the year then ended; 
the Group financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union; 
the Parent Company financial statements have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the European Union and 
as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 2006; and 
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. 

Emphasis of matter – Going Concern 

In forming our opinion on the financial statements, which is not modified, we have considered the adequacy of the disclosures made in Note 1 to 
the financial statements concerning the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern.  The proposed financing transaction as detailed in note 1 
is subject to certain conditions precedent.  There is no guarantee that the financing will be secured.   

These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going 
concern.  The financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern. 

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 

In our opinion the information given in the strategic report and the directors’ report for the financial year for which the financial statements are 
prepared is consistent with the financial statements.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: 

 

 
 
 

adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have  not been received from 
branches not visited by us; or 
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 
certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or 
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. 

Scott Knight (senior statutory auditor) 
For and on behalf of BDO LLP, statutory auditor 
London 
United Kingdom 

29th June 2015 

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales (with registered number OC305127). 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 14 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Other administrative expense 
Impairment of oil and gas properties 
Exploration costs written off 
Share-based payments 
AIM listing costs 
Foreign exchange (loss)/gain 

Total administrative and other expenses 

Operating loss 

Finance expense 

Loss for the year before tax 

Taxation  

Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to equity holders of the 
parent 

Loss for the year per ordinary share – basic and diluted 

The loss for the year (2013: loss for the year) arose from continuing operations. 

The notes on pages 21 to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

Note 

3 
8 
3 
14 

3 

5 

6 

7 

7 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

(693) 
(8,254) 
(641) 
(1,343) 
- 
(77) 
_________ 

(11,008) 
_________ 

(284) 
- 
(2) 
(359) 
(236) 
25 
_________ 

(856) 
_________ 

(11,008) 

(856) 

(1,137)  
_________ 

(175) 
_________ 

(12,145)  

(1,031) 

- 
_________ 

- 
_________ 

(12,145)  

(1,031) 

_________ 

_________ 

(19.2)p  

(2.0)p 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 15 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED AND COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014  

Consolidated and Company Statements of Changes in Equity 

Share 

Share  Convertible  debt 

Group 
At 1 January 2013 
Share capital issued 
Share issue costs 
Issue of warrants 
Issue of convertible loan notes 
Conversion of loan notes 
Issue of share options 
Loss for the year 

At 31 December 2013 

Share capital issued 
Issue costs 
Issue of warrants 
Issue of share options 
Loss for the year 

At 31 December 2014 

Company 
At 1 January 2013 
Share capital issued 
Share issue costs 
Issue of warrants 
Issue of convertible loan notes 
Conversion of loan notes 
Issue of share options 
Loss for the year 

At 31 December 2013 

Share capital issued 
Issue costs 
Issue of  warrants 
Issue of share options 
Loss for the year 

At 31 December 2014 

capital 

premium 

£000 
473 
87 
- 
- 
- 
35 
- 
- 
_____ 
595 

97  
- 
- 
- 
- 
_____ 
692  
_____ 

473 
87  
- 
- 
- 
35 
- 
- 
_____ 
595  

97   
- 
- 
- 
- 
_____ 

£000 
13,078 
 1,916 
(157) 
(42) 
- 
630 
- 
- 
________ 
15,425 

1,759   
(11) 
(10) 
- 
- 
________ 
17,163  
________ 

13,078 
1,916  
(157) 
(42) 
- 
630 
- 
- 
________ 
15,425 

1,759   
(11) 
(10)  
- 
- 
________ 

692    

17,163    

_____ 

________ 

option 
reserve 

£000 
122 
- 
- 
- 
44 
(166) 
- 
- 
_________ 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_________ 
- 
_________ 

122 
- 
- 
- 
44 
(166) 
- 
- 
_________ 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
_________ 
- 
_________ 

Share-
based  
 payment 
reserve 
£000 
- 
- 
- 
42 
-  
- 
359 
- 
________ 
401  

- 
- 
10 
1,343  
- 
_______ 
1,754  
_______ 

- 
- 
- 
42 
 - 
- 
359 
- 
________ 
401  

- 
- 
10 
1,343 
- 
_______ 
1,754 
________ 

Retained 

earnings/ 
(deficit) 
£000 
(619) 
- 
- 
- 
- 
166 
- 
(1,031)  
________ 
(1,484)  

- 
- 
- 
- 
(12,145)  
________ 
(13,629) 
________ 

7 
- 
- 
- 
- 
166 

(732)  
________ 
(559)  

- 
- 
- 
- 
(13,070)  
_______ 
(13,629)  
_______ 

Total 

equity 

£000 
13,054 
2,003 
(157) 
- 
44 
665 
359 
(1,031)  
_________ 
14,937  

1,856   
(11) 
-  
1,343  
(12,145)  
_________ 
5,980  
_________ 

13,680 
2,003 
(157) 
- 
44 
665 
359 
(732) 
_________ 
15,862  

1,856 
(11) 
- 
1,343 
(13,070)  
_________ 
5,980  
_________ 

Share capital - Amounts subscribed for share capital at nominal value. 
Share premium - Amounts received on the issue of shares in excess of the nominal value of the shares. 
Convertible debt option reserve - Amount of proceeds on issue of convertible debt relating to the equity component (i.e. option to convert the 
debt into share capital). 
Share-based payment reserve - Amounts reflecting fair value of options and warrants issued. 
Retained earnings/(deficit) - Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income net of amounts recognised 
directly in equity. 

The notes on pages 21 to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 16 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 

Company Number: 07434350 

Non-current assets 
Exploration and evaluation assets 

Current assets 
Other receivables 
Derivative financial asset 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Loans 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

NET ASSETS 

Capital and reserves 
Called-up equity share capital 
Share premium account 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained deficit 

Note 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

8 

11 
11 
15 

12 
12 

13 

14 
14 
14 

7,513 

15,259 

3  
307 
398  
_________ 

708  
_________ 

117 
- 
1,120 
_________ 

1,237 
_________ 

8,221 

16,496 

(461) 
(194)  

- 
(88)  

_________ 

_________ 

(655)  

(88)  

(1,586)  

_________ 

(2,241)  

_________ 

5,980  
_________ 

692  
17,163  
1,754 
(13,629)  

(1,471)  

_________ 

(1,559)  

_________ 

14,937  
_________ 

595  
15,425  
401 
(1,484)  

_________ 

_________ 

5,980  
_________ 

14,937  
_________ 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 29th June 2015 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Peter Young 
Director 

The notes on pages 21 to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 17 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AT 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Company Statement of Financial Position 

Company Number: 07434350 

Non-current assets 
Investments 
Amounts due from subsidiaries 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Derivative financial asset 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Total assets 

Current liabilities 
Loans 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Total liabilities 

NET ASSETS 

Capital and reserves 
Called-up equity share capital 
Share premium account 
Share-based payment reserve 
Retained deficit 

Note 

9 
9 

11 
11 
15 

12 
12 

13 

14 
14 
14 

2014 
£ 

4,338 
1,597 
_________ 
5,935 

 3  
307 
398  
_________ 

708   

_________ 

2013 
£ 

12,592 
2,125 
_________ 
14,717 

117  
- 
1,120  
_________ 

1,237  
_________ 

6,643   

15,954 

(461) 
(178)  

- 
(68)  

_________ 

_________ 

(639)  

(24)  

(68)  

(24)  

_________ 

_________ 

(663)  

(92)  

_________ 

_________ 

5,980  
_________ 

15,862  
_________ 

692   
17,163   
1,754  
(13,629)  

595  
15,425 
401 
(559)  

_________ 

_________ 

5,980   

_________ 

15,862  
_________ 

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 29th June 2015 and were signed on its behalf by: 

Peter Young 
Director 

The notes on pages 21to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 18 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement 

Loss after tax 

Adjustments for: 
Impairment of oil and gas properties 
Interest on loan notes 
Finance cost of derivative asset 
Interest on loans 
Share-based payments 
Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 
Impairment of derivative financial assets 
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Purchase of intangible non-current assets 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares  
Costs of share issue 
Loans received 
Amounts received for derivative financial instruments 
Proceeds from issue of loan notes 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

15 

The notes on pages 21 to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

Note 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

(12,145) 

(1,031) 

8,254 
- 
61 
100 
1,343 
77 
831 
114 
118 
_________ 

- 
140 
- 
35 
359 
(25) 
- 
(86) 
(212) 
_________ 

(1,247)  

(820)  

(520)  

_________ 

(100)  

_________ 

(520)  

(100)  

 450  
- 
517 
78 
 -  
_________ 

1,045   

(722)  

1,120   

_________ 

398   

_________ 

2,003  
(157) 
- 
- 
172  
_________ 

2,018  

1,098  

22  
_________ 

1,120  
_________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 19 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
COMPANY CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Company Cash Flow Statement 

Note 

Loss after tax 

Adjustments for: 
Impairment of investments in and amounts due from subsidiaries 
Recharges to subsidiary for management and technical services 
Interest on loan notes 
Finance cost of derivative asset 
Interest on loans 
Share-based payments  
Impairment of derivative financial instruments 
Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables 
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables 

Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Amounts invested in subsidiaries 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares  
Costs of share issue 
Loans received 
Amounts received for derivative financial instruments 
Proceeds from issue of loan notes 

Net cash generated from financing activities 

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents in the year 

Cash and cash equivalents at start of year 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

15 

The notes on pages 21 to 36 form part of these financial statements. 

2014 
£000 

(13,070) 

10,124 
(296) 
- 
61 
62 
1,343 
831 
114 
110 
_________ 

2013 
£000 

(732) 

- 
(295) 
140 
- 
- 
359 
- 
(87) 
(198) 
_________ 

(721)  

(813)  

(1,046)  

_________ 

(107)  

_________ 

(1,046)  

(107)  

450  
- 
517 
78 
-  
_________ 

1,045  

(722)  

1,120 
_________ 

398  
_________ 

2,003  
(157) 
- 
- 
172 
_________ 

2,018  

1,098  

22  
_________ 

1,120  
_________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 20 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 

Notes Forming Part of the Financial Statements 

1 

Accounting policies 

Basis of preparation 

The  principal  accounting  policies  adopted  in  the  preparation  of  the  financial  statements  are  set  out  below.    The  policies  have  been 
consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated. 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Pounds  Sterling,  which  is  also  the  Group’s  functional  currency.    Amounts  are 
rounded to the nearest thousand, unless otherwise stated. 

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards adopted by the European 
Union, International Accounting Standards and Interpretations (collectively “IFRSs”) and with those parts of Companies Act 2006 applicable 
to companies preparing their accounts under IFRS.  

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with adopted IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates.  It also 
requires Group management to exercise judgement in applying the Group's accounting policies.  The areas where significant judgements 
and estimates have been made in preparing the financial statements and their effect are disclosed in note 1 on page 25. 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except for derivative financial instruments at fair value 
as disclosed in note 1 on page 25. 

Going concern 

As at 31st May 2015 the Group had cash resources of £43,000.  On 4th June 2015, the Group instructed Darwin Strategic to sell 1,471,206 
IOG shares at a price of 23.79p.  This has allowed for a partial repayment of the loan and provided £150,000 additional working capital to 
IOG. 

On 22nd June 2015, a further investment of £145,000 was committed through the issue of 609,500 new ordinary shares at 23.79 pence.  
Upon receipt the Group will be adequately funded until 4th September 2015, when the remaining loan balance of £358,000 is due to be 
repaid to Darwin Strategic. 

Long term financing discussions on the funding of Skipper, Cronx, Elgood and Blythe through to production are progressing well with an 
internationally listed group with a multi-billion dollar market capitalisation and all parties continue to work towards a completion date  by 
15th August 2015. 

It should be noted that the funding is subject to negotiation and the approval of various counterparties and that there can be no guarantee 
that the Group will secure such financing.  

These conditions indicate the existence of a material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as 
a going concern and, therefore, that it may be unable to realise its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business.  
These financial statements do not include the adjustments that would result if the Group was unable to continue as a going concern. 

New Accounting Standards 

(i) New and amended standards adopted by the Group: 

The following new standards and amendments to standards are mandatory for the first time for the Group for the financial year beginning 
1st January 2014.  Except as noted, the implementation of these standards is not expected to have a material effect on the Group. 

Standard 
IFRS 10 - Consolidated Financial Statements 
IFRS 11 - Joint Arrangements 
IFRS 12 - Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities 
IAS 27 - Amendment - Separate Financial Statements 
IAS 28 - Amendment – Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures 
IAS 32 - Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities 
IAS 36 - Recoverable amounts disclosures for non-financial assets 
IAS 39 - Novation of Derivatives and Continuation of Hedge Accounting 

Effective date 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 
1 January 2014 

Impact on initial application 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 
No impact 

Joint arrangements under IFRS 11 have the same basic characteristics as joint ventures under IAS 31.  Joint arrangements are classified 
as either joint operations or joint ventures.  Where the Group has rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities of the joint arrangement, 
it  is  regarded  as  a  joint  operation  and  the  interests  of  the  Group  in  the  assets,  liabilities,  income  and  expenses  arising  from  the  joint 
arrangement are recognised.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 21 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED 

1 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Where the Group has rights to the net assets of the joint arrangement as a whole, it is regarded as having an interest in a joint venture and the 
equity method of accounting is applied.  IFRS 11 does not allow proportionate consolidation.  In an arrangement structured through a separate 
vehicle, all relevant facts and circumstances will be considered to determine whether the parties to the arrangement have rights to the net assets 
of the arrangement. 

As at 31st December 2014, all of the Group’s joint arrangements were considered to be joint operations under IFRS 11.  As such, the Group has 
recognised its share of the assets, liabilities and expenses. 
(ii) The following standards, amendments and interpretations, which are effective for reporting periods beginning after the date of these financial 

statements, have not been adopted early: 

1 Not yet endorsed by the EU 

Standard 

Description 

IAS 19 
IFRS 111 
IAS 16 and IAS 381  
IFRIC 21 
IAS 271 
IFRS 10 and IAS 281 
IFRS 151 
IFRS 91 
IAS 11 
IFRS 10, 12 and IAS 281 
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 
Annual Improvements to IFRSs 
Annual Improvements to IFRSs1 

Defined Benefit Plans (Amendments) 
Joint Arrangements (Amendments) 
Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and Amortisation (Amendments) 
Levies 
Separate Financial Statements 
Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures (Amendments) 
Revenue from Contract with Customers 
Financial Instruments 
Presentation of Financial Statements (Amendments) 
Investment Entities (Amendments)  
(2010-2012 Cycle) 
(2011-2013 Cycle) 
(2012-2014 Cycle) 

Effective date 

1 February 2015 
1 January 2016 
1 January 2016 
17 June 2014 
1 January 2016 
1 January 2016 
1 January 2017 
1 January 2018 
1 January 2016 
1 January 2016 
1 February 2015 
1 January 2015 
1 January 2016 

The new standards and interpretations have not had a material impact on the Group's earnings or shareholders' funds. 

Basis of consolidation 

Where the Company has control over an investee, it is classified  as a subsidiary.  The Company controls an investee if all three of the 
following elements are present: power over the investee, exposure to variable returns from the investee, and the ability of the investor to 
use its power to affect those variable returns.  Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there may be a change 
in any of these elements of control.  De-facto control exists in situations where the Company has the practical ability to direct the relevant 
activities  of  the  investee  without  holding  the  majority  of  the  voting  rights.    In  determining  whether  de-facto  control  exists  the  Company 
considers all relevant facts and circumstances, including: 

-  The size of the Company’s voting rights relative to both the size and dispersion of other parties who hold voting rights 
-  Substantive potential voting rights held by the Company and by other parties 
-  Other contractual arrangements 
-  Historic patterns in voting attendance. 

The  consolidated  financial statements  present  the  results  of  the  Company  and  its subsidiaries  as  if  they  formed  a  single  entity.    Inter-
company transactions and balances between Group companies are therefore eliminated in full.  The financial statements of subsidiaries 
are included in the Group's financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. 

Joint arrangements 

Joint arrangements are arrangements in which the Group shares joint control with one or more parties.  Joint control is the contractually 
agreed sharing of control of an arrangement and exists only when decisions about the activities that significantly affect the arrangement’s 
returns require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. 

Joint  arrangements  are  classified  as  either  joint  operations  or  joint  ventures  based  on  the  rights  and  obligations  of  the  parties  to  the 
arrangement.  In joint operations, the parties have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities relating to the arrangement, whereas 
in joint ventures, the parties have rights to the net assets of the arrangement. 

Joint arrangements that are not structured through a separate vehicle are always joint operations.  Joint arrangements that are structured 
through a separate vehicle may be either joint operations or joint ventures depending on the substance of the arrangement.  In these cases, 
consideration is given to the legal form of the separate vehicle, the terms of the contractual arrangement and, when relevant, other facts 
and circumstances.  When the activities of an arrangement are primarily designed for the provision of output to the parties, and the parties 
are substantially the only source of cash flows contributing to the continuity of the operations of the arrangement, this indicates the parties 
to the arrangements have rights to the assets and obligations for the liabilities. 

The Group accounts for all its joint arrangements as joint operations by recognising the assets, liabilities, and expenses for which it has 
rights or obligations, including its share of such items held or incurred jointly. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 22 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED  

1 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Oil and gas exploration, development and producing assets 

The Group adopts the following accounting policies for oil and gas asset expenditure, based on the stage of development of the assets. 

1)  Pre-licensing   
Expenditure incurred prior to the acquisition of a licence interest is expensed to the profit and loss as exploration costs written off. 

2)  Exploration and evaluation (“E&E”) 

The Group applies the full cost method of accounting for E&E costs, having regard to the requirements of IFRS 6 ‘Exploration for and 
Evaluation of Mineral Resources’.  Under the full cost method of accounting, costs of exploring and evaluating oil and gas properties 
are accumulated and capitalised by reference to appropriate cash generating units (“CGUs”).  Such CGU’s are based on geographic 
areas such as a licence area or a basin and are not larger than an operating segment - as defined by IFRS 8 ‘Operating segments’.  
The Group has one identified CGU, being the North Sea. 

E&E  costs  may  include  costs  of  licence  acquisition,  technical  services  and  studies,  geological  and  geophysical  data  acquisition, 
exploration drilling and testing.  These costs are initially capitalised within ‘Intangible assets’.  

Intangible E&E assets are not depreciated and are carried forward until the existence (or otherwise) of commercial reserves has been 
determined.  The Group’s definition of commercial reserves for such purpose is proven and probable reserves on an entitlement basis. 

If commercial reserves are discovered, the related E&E assets are assessed for impairment, and any impairment loss is recognised 
in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income.    The  carrying  value,  after  any  impairment  loss,  of  the  relevant  E&E  assets  is  then 
reclassified to development and production assets within property, plant and equipment and is amortised on a unit of production basis 
over the life of the commercial reserves of the CGU to which they relate. 

Intangible E&E assets that relate to E&E activities that are not yet determined to have resulted in the discovery of commercial reserves 
remain capitalised as intangible E&E assets at cost, subject to impairment assessments as set out below. 

E&E assets are assessed for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying value of the E&E CGU to which 
they relate may exceed its future recoverable amount.  Where the E&E assets concerned fall within the scope of an established CGU, 
the E&E assets are tested for impairment together with all development and production assets associated with that CGU, as a single 
cash  generating  unit.  The  aggregate  carrying  value  is  compared  against  the  expected  recoverable  amount  of  the  CGU.    The 
recoverable amount is the higher of value in use and the fair value less costs to sell.  Where the E&E assets to be tested fall outside 
the scope of any established CGU, there will generally be no commercial reserves and the E&E assets concerned will generally be 
written off in full.  Any impairment loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. 

3)  Development  

All  costs  incurred  after  the  technical  feasibility  and  commercial  viability  of  producing  hydrocarbons  have  been  demonstrated  are 
capitalised  as  oil  and  gas  development costs  on  a field-by-field  basis.   Subsequent  expenditure  is capitalised  only  where  it  either 
enhances the economic benefits of the development/producing asset or replaces part of the existing development/producing asset.  
Such costs are charged to the profit and loss on a unit of production basis. 

4)  Production 

All costs of producing, transporting and processing oil and gas reserves are expensed in the profit and loss in the period in which the 
oil and gas is sold. 

Disposals 

Net proceeds from any disposal of an oil or gas asset are initially credited against the previously capitalised costs of that asset and any 
surplus proceeds are credited to the profit or loss.  Net proceeds from any disposal of development/producing assets are credited against 
the previously capitalised cost of that asset and any surplus proceeds are credited to the profit and loss.  

Investments and loans 

Shares in subsidiary undertakings are shown at cost.  Loans to subsidiary undertakings are stated at amortised cost.  

Provisions are made for any impairment in value. 

Financial instruments 

(i) Financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits with any bank or other financial institution.  Cash equivalents are short-term, highly 
liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. 

Derivative financial instruments 
Derivative financial instruments are held at fair value with any impairment arising charged to the statement of comprehensive income.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 23 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED  

1 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Financial instruments (continued) 

(ii) Financial liabilities  

Trade payables 
Trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities are held at amortised cost which, in view of their short term nature, is not materially 
different from their undiscounted cost.  

Loans and borrowings 
Loans and borrowings are initially recognised at fair value; less any issue costs.  They are subsequently held at amortised cost using the 
effective interest method. 

Convertible loan notes 

Upon issue of a convertible loan note, the proceeds are split between the liability component and the equity component at the date of issue.  
The fair value of the equity component is included in equity and it not re-measured whilst the liability component is included in liabilities, 
which is increased by the effective rate of interest charged in each period.  Upon conversion the face value of the loan notes are transferred 
to the share capital and share premium accounts.  All convertible loan notes were extinguished in 2013.  

Equity 

Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs, allocated between share capital 
and share premium. 

Share issue expenses and Share premium account 

The costs of issuing new share capital are written off against the share premium account arising out of the proceeds of the new issue.  

Share-based payments 

Share options are offered to personnel to incentivise and reward successful corporate performance.  The fair value of share options issued 
to Company personnel is charged to the profit or loss, together with an increase in equity reserves, over the relevant vesting period.  Fair 
values are calculated using the Black Scholes model and adjusted to reflect expected levels of vesting and performance conditions.  No 
expense is recognised for options that do not ultimately vest except where vesting is only conditional upon a market condition. 

The fair value of warrants issued to brokers in relation to share placings, calculated in the same way as for share options, is deducted from 
share premium and taken to a share-based payment reserve. 

Taxation 

Tax on the profit or loss for the period comprises current and deferred tax.  Tax is recognised in the profit or loss except to the extent that 
it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income, in which case it is recognised in other comprehensive income. 

Current  tax  is  the  expected  tax  payable  on  the  taxable  income  for  the  period,  using  tax  rates  enacted  or  substantively  enacted  at  the 
reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised where the carrying amount of an asset or liability in the statement of financial position 
differs to its tax base, except for differences arising on the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction which is not a business 
combination  and  at  the  time  of  the  transaction  affects  neither  accounting  or  taxable  profit;  and  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  jointly 
controlled entities where the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the difference and it is probable that the difference will not 
reverse in the foreseeable future. 

Recognition of deferred tax assets is restricted to those instances where it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the 
difference can be utilised. 

The amount of the asset or liability is determined using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and 
are expected to apply when the deferred tax liabilities/(assets) are settled/(recovered).  Deferred tax balances are not discounted. 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the Group has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and 
the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on either: 

the same taxable Group entity; or 

- 
-  different Group entities which intend either to settle current tax assets and liabilities on a net basis, or 
- 

to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously, in each future period in which significant amounts of deferred tax assets or 
liabilities are expected to be settled or recovered. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 24 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED  

1 

Accounting policies (continued) 

Earnings/loss per share 

Earnings/loss per share is calculated as profit/loss attributable to shareholders divided by the weighted average number of ordinary shares 
in issue for the relevant period.  Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue 
plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be in issue on the conversion of all relevant potentially dilutive shares to 
ordinary shares adjusted for any proceeds obtained on the exercise of any options and warrants.  Where the impact of converted share 
would be anti-dilutive they are excluded from the calculation. 

Foreign currencies 

The functional and presentation currency of the Group and the Company is Pounds Sterling. 

The Group translates foreign currency transactions into the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing at the transaction date.  
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the rate of exchange prevailing 
at the reporting date.  Exchange differences arising are taken to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income except for those 
incurred on borrowings specifically allocable to development projects, which are capitalised as part of the cost of the asset. 

Critical Accounting Estimates, Uncertainties and Judgements 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions 
that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses.  The estimates and associated 
assumptions are based on historical experience and factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of 
which form the basis of making judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  
Actual results may differ from these estimates. 

Key areas for the application of management judgement currently include: 

Recoverability of capitalised oil and gas assets 
Management is required to assess oil and gas assets for indicators of impairment and have considered the economic value of these assets.  
Management has estimated the future recoverable amounts of these assets based upon a present value calculation of future cash flows 
expected to be derived from the production of commercial reserves.  Judgement has been used in estimating geological and commercial 
change of success, production volumes, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, operating costs, capital expenditure and discount rates. 

Specifically,  discount  rates  reflect  the  current  market  assessment  of  the  risks  specific  to  the  oil  and  gas  sector  and  are  based  on  the 
weighted average cost of capital for the Group.  Where appropriate, the rates are adjusted to reflect the market assessment of any specific 
risks.  The Group has applied a discount rate of 10% for the current year. 

Fair value of share options and warrants 
The fair value of options and warrants is calculated using appropriate estimates of expected volatility, risk free rates of return, expected life 
of the options/warrants, the dividend growth rate, the number of options expected to vest and the impact of any attached conditions of 
exercise.  See note 14 for further details of these assumptions. 

Valuation of derivatives associated with the Darwin Facility 
As the ultimate value of these notes is dependent upon the value of the Company’s ordinary shares, management has determined the fair 
value of derivatives (at inception and at the year-end) based on the market share price of the Group of 25p and 6.75p respectively.  

Modification of the Weatherford Loan repayment profile 
Management has exercised judgement in concluding that the renegotiated terms of the Weatherford Loan do not represent a significant 
qualitative or quantitative modification to the terms of the existing loan agreement. 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis.  Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the 
period in which the estimate is revised if the revision only affects that period or in the period of revision and future periods if the revision 
affects both current and future periods. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 25 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

2 

Segmental information 

The Group complies with IFRS 8, Operating Segments, which requires operating segments to be identified on the basis of internal reports 
about components  of  the  Group that  are  regularly  reviewed  by  the  directors  to  allocate  resources to  the segments  and to  assess  their 
performance.    In  the  opinion  of  the  directors,  the  operations  of  the  Group  comprise  one  class  of  business,  being  the  exploration  and 
development of oil and gas opportunities in the UK North Sea. 

3 

Operating loss 

The Group operating loss is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: 

Fees payable to the Company's auditor: 

- 
- 
- 

for the audit of the Company's and Group's financial statements 
for the audit-related services 
for services related to corporate finance transactions 

Exploration costs written off 
Impairment of oil and gas properties 
Staff costs – fees and salaries 
Staff costs  - share-based incentives 
Staff costs capitalised as oil and gas non-current assets 
Foreign exchange loss/(gain) 

2014 
£000 

22  
-  
-  
641  
8,254 

329   
1,343  

(54)   
77 
_________ 

2013 
£000 

25  
2 
10 
2  
- 
166 
359 
(25)  
(25)  

_________ 

4 

Staff costs and directors' remuneration 

All personnel were engaged under consultancy contracts until completion of the AIM listing on 30th September 2013.  Thereafter directors 
were engaged under employment contracts. 

During the year, the average number of personnel was: 

Management/operational 

Directors 

Personnel costs 

Wages, salaries and fees 
Social security costs 
Share-based incentives 

2014 
Number 

2013 
Number 

_______5 

______4  

_______6  

______5 

2014 
£000 

306   
23  
1,343  
________ 
1,672  
________ 

2013 
£000 

156  
10  
359 
________ 
525  
________ 

  No pension plans are provided for directors or staff. Key management personnel are deemed to be directors. 

Directors’ remuneration 

Mark Routh 
Peter Young 
Mehdi Varzi 
Marie-Louise Clayton 
Michael Jordan 
Thomas Hardy 
Paul Murray 

Salary 

£000 

69    
103    
21  
4  
15  
- 
- 
_______ 

 212   

_______ 

Share-based 
incentives 
£000 
  598   
 340    
- 
104   
53  
- 
- 
________ 
1,095  
________ 

2014 
Total 
£000 

667    
443    
21  
108  
68  

- 
________ 

1,307    

________ 

2013 
Total 
 £000 

192   
129   
17 
33 
19 
11 
- 
________ 

401   

________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 26 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED  

4 

Staff costs and directors' remuneration (continued) 

Social security costs for the year for key management personnel were £23,000 (2013 - £10,000). 

The service agreements were effective from 1st September 2013 and those for Mark Routh, Peter Young, Marie-Louise Clayton and Michael 
Jordan provided that only 50% of the full contractual amount apply from that date until the sooner of either the date on which the Company 
has raised not less than gross funds of £10 million, or 31st December 2016.  Effective 1st April 2014 these amounts were amended to 30% 
for Mark Routh, 75% for Peter Young, and 0% for each of Marie-Louise Clayton and Paul Murray.  For each six-month interval, with the first 
ending on 28th August 2014, the Company may settle the difference between the reduced rate and the full rate either in cash or through the 
granting of options over ordinary shares of the Company at the volume-weighted average share price over the period to which they relate.  

The service agreement for Mehdi Varzi provided for an amounts of £62,500 in respect of the AIM listing and £30,000 to be settled in cash 
or options over ordinary shares upon similar terms.  These amounts were satisfied through the issue of share options on 1st March 2015. 

Amounts outstanding at the 31st December 2014 to which these terms relate totalled £93,000 and were subsequently settled in shares on 
1st March 2015. 

Directors’ interests in options on 1p ordinary shares of the Company at 31st December 2014 were as follows: 

Mark Routh 

Peter Young 

Mehdi Varzi 
Marie-Louise 
Clayton1 

Michael Jordan2 

Paul Murray 

Granted 

23 Sept 2013 
23 Sept 2013 
23 Sept 2013 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 
23 Sept 2013 
23 Sept 2013 
23 Sept 2013 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 
23 Sept 2013 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 
23 Sept 2013 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 
19 Nov 2014 

 Total  
31 Dec 2013 
2,933,946 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 
- 
- 
1,700,000 
750,000 
750,000 
- 
- 
- 
570,000 
- 
- 
290,000 
- 
- 
- 

Awarded 
in 2014 
- 
- 
- 
162,114 
218,672 
- 
- 
- 
122,814 
71,405 
58,104 

24,563 
45,699 

24,563 
24,754 
51,878 

Total  
31 Dec 2014 
2,933,946 
1,500,000 
1,500,000 
162,114 
218,672 
1,700,000 
750,000 
750,000 
122,814 
71,405 
58,104 
570,000 
24,563 
45,699 
290,000 
24,563 
24,754 
51,878 

Exercise 
price 
1p 
29.74p 
41.63p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
29.74p 
41.63p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 
1p 

Expiry date 

30 June 2015 
23 Sept 2023 
23 Sept 2023 
28 Feb 2017 
31 Aug 2017 
30 June 2015 
23 Sept 2023 
23 Sept 2023 
28 Feb 2017 
31 Aug 2017 
31 Aug 2017 
30 June 2015 
28 Feb 2017 
31 Aug 2017 
30 June 2015 
28 Feb 2017 
31 Aug 2017 
31 Aug 2017 

1. These options have been granted to Clayton Consulting Partners Limited, a company in which Marie-Louise Clayton is a majority 
shareholder and a director. 
2. These options have been granted to Acura Oil & Gas Limited, a company in which Michael Jordan is the majority shareholder and a 
director. 

Mark Routh as CEO and Peter Young as CFO were entitled to participate under the Group’s Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”).  No gains 
have been made upon the exercise of share options to date.  Exercising of LTIP options are conditional upon conditions set out in  the 
Remuneration Policy and continued employment within the Company. 

The Company paid £13,000 for Directors and Officers Liability insurance during the year (2013: £11,000). 

5 

Finance expense 

Interest on loans 
Finance cost of derivative asset 
Impairment of derivative financial asset 
Other finance expense 

2014 
£000 

 100 
 61  
831 
145 
________ 

1,137 

2013 
£000 

140 
- 
- 
35 
________ 

175 

________ 

_________ 

The derivative financial asset represents the carrying value of notes held in Darwin Strategic Limited.  As the ultimate value of these notes 
is dependent upon the value of the Company’s ordinary shares, an impairment was recognised against the carrying value of this asset and 
charged  in  the  statement  of  comprehensive  income  based  upon  the  market  value  of  the  Company’s  ordinary  shares  of  £0.0675  at 
31st December 2014 compared to £0.25 at the point of issue in June 2014. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 27 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

6 

Taxation 

a) Current taxation 
There was no tax charge during the year since the Group had no income. Expenditures to-date will be accumulated for offset against future 
tax charges 

The reasons for the difference between the actual tax charge for the year and the standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom 
applied to profits for the year are as follows: 

Loss for the year 
Income tax expense   

Loss before income taxes 

Expected tax credit based on the standard rate of United Kingdom corporation tax at the 
domestic rate of 21.5% (2013: 23.25%) 

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 
Unrecognised taxable losses carried forward 

Total tax expense 

2014 
£000 

  12,145  
- 
_________ 

12,145    

2,611   

(2,258)  
(353) 
_________ 
- 
_________ 

2013 
£000 

1,031 
- 
_________ 
1,031  

239 

(142)  
(97)  

_________ 
- 
_________ 

b) Deferred taxation 
Due to the nature of the Group's exploration activities there is a long lead time in either developing or otherwise realising exploration assets.  
The amount of deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax asset is recognised 
in the statement of financial position is £534,000.  A deferred tax asset will only be created if there is reasonable certainty that profits will 
be earned in the foreseeable future. 

7 

Loss per share 

Loss for the year attributable to shareholders 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares 

Loss per share - pence 

2014 
£000 

12,145  
_________ 

63,303,336  
_________ 

2013 
£000 

1,031  
_________ 

50,434,060  
_________ 

19.2p  
_________ 

2.0p    

________ 

As the result for the year was a loss, no dilutive EPS is disclosed.  As at 31st December 2014, potentially dilutive instruments in issue were 
13,134,599 (2013 – 11,942,408). 

8 

Non-current assets 

  Exploration and Evaluation assets - Group 

At cost 

At beginning of the year 
Additions 

At end of the year 

Impairments and write-downs 

At beginning of the year 
Impairment 

At end of the year 

Net book value 
At 31 December 

At 1 January 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

15,259   
508   

_________ 

15,767   

_________ 

15,171  
88  
_________ 
15,259 
_________ 

- 

- 

- 
(8,254) 
_________ 
(8,254) 
_________ 

7,513   

_________ 

15,259   

_________ 

- 
- 
_________ 
- 
_________ 

15,259  
_________ 

15,171  
_________ 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 28 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

8 

Non-current assets (continued) 

These costs comprise  expenditures  on  the  Group’s Blythe  and  Skipper  field  interests  plus  some small  amounts  on the  newly  awarded 
licence interests.  On 3rd March 2014, the Blythe and Skipper licences were both extended by 18 months to 30th September 2015.  Financial 
commitments on these licences are covered in note 18.  

As explained in the accounting policies section, following the significant fall in oil prices in late 2014, an impairment test was carried out on 
the  carrying  value  of  the  Group’s  exploration  and  evaluation  assets  and  a  charge  of  £8,254,000  was  recognised  in  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income.  This comprises £6,169,000 for Skipper and £2,085,000 for Blythe. 

9 

Investments 

Company 
At cost 
At 1 January 2013 
Additions 

At 31 December 2013 

Additions  
Impairment 

At 31 December 2014 

Shares 
in Group 
companies 
£000 

12,592 
-  
_________ 
12,592 

- 
(8,254) 
_________ 
4,338  
_________ 

Loans 
to Group 
companies 
£000 

1,724 
401 
_________ 
2,125 

1,342 
- 
_________ 
3,467 
_________ 

Total 
£000 

14,316 
401 
_________ 
14,717 

1,342  
(8,254) 
_________ 
7,805  
_________ 

The Company has undertaken not to seek repayment of loans to other Group companies until each borrower has sufficient funds to make 
such payments. 

In recognition of the impairment charge against the carrying value of the Group’s exploration and evaluation assets described in note 8 
above, an equivalent impairment of £8,254,000 against the carrying value of the Company’s investment in its subsidiaries was charged to 
the Company’s profit or loss.  

The Company's principal subsidiaries are as follows: 

Directly held 
IOG Skipper Limited 
IOG North Sea Limited 

Country of 
incorporation 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 

Area of 
operation 
United Kingdom 
United Kingdom 

% 
100 
100 

Both subsidiaries were incorporated in the United Kingdom on 13th May 2011 and are engaged in the business of oil and gas exploration in 
the North Sea.  The financial reporting periods for each end on 31st December. 

10 

Interests in jointly controlled operations 

Licences United Kingdom 
Skipper oil field 
Blythe gas field 

Beneficial 
interest 
50% 
50% 

Operator 
Alpha Petroleum Resources 
Alpha Petroleum Resources 

11 

Trade and other receivables 

Group and Company 
VAT recoverable 
Derivative financial asset 

2014 
£000 

3 

_______307_ 

2013 
£000 

117 
_______  -_ 

The derivative financial asset represents the carrying value of notes held in Darwin Strategic Limited.  As the ultimate value of these notes 
is dependent upon the value of the Company’s ordinary shares, an impairment was recognised against the carrying value of this asset and 
charged in Group’s profit and loss account based upon the market value of the Company’s ordinary shares of £0.0675 at 31st December 
2014 compared to £0.25 at the point of issue in June 2014. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 29 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

12 

Current liabilities 

Group 
Loans 
Trade payables 
Amounts due to joint venture partners 
Accruals 

Company 
Loans 
Trade payables 
Amounts due to joint venture partners 
Accruals 

2014 
£000 

461 
21  
8  
165  
_________ 
655  
_________ 

461 
  21  
8   
149   

_________ 

639   

_________ 

2013 
£000 

- 
59 
4  
25  
_________ 
88 
_________ 

- 
59  
4  
5  
_________ 
68 
_________ 

On 4th June 2014, the Company received £517,500 under a loan arrangement with Darwin Strategic Limited Repayment of the loan was to 
be £575,000 if paid within six months with an additional £28,750 due if made during the following six months.  Of this £118,500 was repaid 
in July 2014.  Amounts of £57,500 in respect of the first six months and £4,106 in respect of part of the second six months have been 
included in the amount outstanding at 31st December 2014. 

During 2013 the Company raised additional finance totalling £172,000 through the issue of loan notes.  Interest accrued on the loan notes 
at a rate of 7.5% per annum and totalled £48,000 at 30th September 2013.  In view of the right to conversion into equity of the loan notes, 
a fair value of £166,000 was ascribed to the equity component and was reflected in the convertible debt option reserve within capital and 
reserves.  There was an additional interest charge in 2013 of £112,000 to reflect the effective interest rate of the loan notes. 

Upon listing of the Company’s shares on AIM on 30th September 2013, outstanding loan notes plus accrued interest converted into ordinary 
shares at a price of £0.1903 being 80% of the most recent offering price. 

13 

Non-current liabilities 

Group 
Trade creditors 

Company 
Trade creditors 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

1,586 
_________ 

1,471 
_________ 

24 
_________ 

24 
_________ 

During 2014 Group trade creditors denominated in US$ were increased by £77,000 (2013 – reduced by £25,000) through changes to the 
£/US$ exchange rate. 

Of the Group’s total trade creditors, £1,296,000 is due no later than 30th September 2016, this date having been extended by fifteen months 
from the previous repayment date of 31st March 2015 in return for increasing the interest rate from 3% to 9% effective from 31st March 2015 
and the issue of 500,000 warrants at that date.  Trade creditors’ book value equates to fair value. 

The balance of the Group’s creditors and also the Company’s creditors are not due until after sustained production is achieved from the 
Skipper field. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 30 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

14 

Equity share capital 

Allotted, issued and fully paid 
At 1 January 2013 
- Ordinary shares of 1 pence each 
Equity issued 
Equity issue costs 
Warrants issued 
Loan note conversion 

At 31 December 2013 
- Ordinary shares of 1 pence each 

2014 
Equity issued 
Issue costs 
Equity issued 
Warrants issued  

At 31 December 2014 
- Ordinary shares of 1 pence each 

Number 

47,323,417 
8,715,000 
- 
- 
3,493,437 
_________ 

Share 
capital 
£000 

Share 
premium 
£000 

473 
87  
- 
- 
35 
_________ 

13,078 
1,916 
(157) 
(42) 
630 
_________ 

Total 
£000 

13,551 
2,003  
(157) 
(42) 
665 
_________ 

59,531,854  

595  

15,425 

16,020 

5,625,000   

- 
4,090,910 
- 
_________ 

69,247,764   
_________ 

56   
- 
41 
- 
_________ 

692   

_________ 

1,350   
(11) 
409 
(10)  

1,406  
(11) 
450 
(10)  

_________ 

_________ 

17,163   

_________ 

17,855   

_________ 

On 4th June 2014 the Company entered into an agreement with Darwin Strategic Limited (“Darwin”) pursuant to which Darwin subscribed 
for 5,625,000 ordinary shares in the Company satisfied through the issue of 1,800,000 redeemable subscription notes by Darwin to the 
Company.  These have been recorded at the market price for ordinary shares on the date of issue of 25 pence applied to the total 
number of shares issued giving a total of £1,406,000. 

The Company also agreed to issue 326,087 warrants to Darwin with an exercise price of 46 pence expiring on 12th June 2017 to which 
a fair value of 3.09 pence each has been attributed using the Black Scholes model with a risk-free interest rate of 0.43%, a weighted 
life expectancy of three years and a 50% volatility factor resulting in a total charge of £10,000 to the share premium account.  

On 5th November 2014, the Company issued 4,090,910 ordinary shares at a subscription price of 11 pence each. 

On 30th September 2013, concurrent with its admission to AIM, the Company issued 8,405,800 ordinary shares through a placing at a 
price of £0.238 each to raise £2,000,000 before issue costs of £157,000.  The Company also issued a further 309,200 ordinary shares 
at a price of £0.01 each to raise £3,000 in satisfaction of rights attached to previously issued shares which crystallised upon listing. 

Also upon admission to AIM all loan notes, plus associated interest, totalling £665,000 were converted into ordinary shares at a 20% 
discount to the placing price being £0.1904. 

Share options and warrants 

During the year the Company issued share options under its share option plan.  

1 January 2014 
 Staff options  
 Staff options  

31 December 2014 

Number 
11,373,946 
334,054  
470,512  

12,178,512 

Price pence 
14.72 
1p  
1p  

13.82 

Grant 
23 Sept 2013 
19 Nov 2014  
19 Nov 2014  

Expiry 

28 Feb 2017  
31 Aug 2017  

The AIM bonus options may not be exercised before 1st January 2015.  The LTIP options may not be exercised for a minimum of three 
years after their grant dates and then only vest when the market price of the Company’s ordinary shares exceeds 47.58 pence in respect 
of the 29.74 pence options and 59.48 pence in respect of the 41.63 pence options for 20 consecutive days and provided conditions set 
by the Remuneration Committee at the time of the grant are satisfied.  Mark Routh as CEO and Peter Young as CFO were entitled to 
participate under the Group’s Long-Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”).  No gains have been made upon the exercise of share options to date. 
Exercising of LTIP options are conditional upon conditions set out in the Remuneration Policy and continued employment within the 
Company. 

The remaining average contractual life of the 12,178,512 share options outstanding at 31st December 2014 was 3.68 years at that date.  
None of these options were exercisable at that date. 

The weighted average exercise price of the options was 13.82 pence at 31st December 2014 (2013 – 14.72 pence). 

The Company calculates the value of share-based compensation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value 
of share options and warrants at the date of grant.  

The fair value of options granted in 2014 is calculated as £1,343,000 and this has been charged to the profit or loss (2013 - £359,000).  
The exercise price was determined as 1p. 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 31 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

14 

Equity share capital continued 

On  1st  July  2014 the  Company  also  issued  326,087  warrants  (2013  -  630,000)  that may  be  exercised  at  any  time  prior to the  third 
anniversary of the issue date.  The fair value of warrants granted in 2014 is calculated as £10,000 and this has been charged to the 
share premium account (2013 - £42,000). The exercise price was determined as 46 pence. 

The following assumptions were applied in the above calculations 

Risk free interest rate 
Dividend yield 
Weighted average life expectancy 
Volatility factor 

An estimated volatility of 50% has been applied. 

15 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Group and Company 

Cash at bank 

16 

Company loss/profit for the year 

2014  options 
4.3% 
nil 
3 years 
50% 

Brokers’ warrants 
4.3% 
nil 
3 years 
50% 

2014 
£000 

2013 
£000 

398   

_________ 

1,120 
_________ 

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own 
Statement of Comprehensive Income in these financial statements. 

The Company loss for the year was £11,200,000 (2013: £732,000). 

17 

Financial instruments 

Significant accounting policies 
Details of the significant accounting policies in respect of financial instruments are disclosed in Note 1 of the financial statements. 

Financial risk management 
The Board seeks to minimise its exposure to financial risk by reviewing and agreeing policies for managing each financial risk and monitoring 
them on a regular basis.  At this stage, no formal policies have been put in place in order to hedge the Group and Company's activities to 
the exposure to currency risk or interest risk and no derivatives or hedges were entered into during the year other than those related to the 
Darwin loan. 

General objectives, policies and processes 
The Board has overall responsibility for the determination of the Group and Company's risk management objectives and policies and, whilst 
retaining ultimate responsibility for them, it has delegated the authority for designing and operating processes that ensure  the effective 
implementation of the objectives and policies to the Group's finance function.  The Board receives regular reports from the Chief Financial 
Officer through which it reviews the effectiveness of the processes put in place and the appropriateness of the objectives and policies it 
sets.  

The Group is exposed through its operations to the following financial risks: 

• 
• 
• 
• 

Liquidity risk; 
Credit risk; 
Cash flow interest rate risk; and 
Foreign exchange risk 

The  overall  objective  of  the  Board  is to set  policies that seek  to  reduce  risk  as  far  as  possible  without  unduly  affecting  the  Group  and 
Company's competitiveness and flexibility.  Further details regarding these policies are set out below: 

Principal financial instruments 
The principal financial instruments used by the Group and Company, from which financial instrument risk may arise are as follows: 

• 
• 
• 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Derivative assets 
Trade and other payables 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 32 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

17 

Financial instruments (continued) 

Liquidity risk 
The Group's and Company's policy is to ensure that it will always have sufficient cash to allow it to meet its liabilities when they become 
due.  To achieve this aim, it seeks to maintain readily available cash balances to meet expected requirements for a period of at least twelve 
months for overheads and as commitments dictate for capital spend.   

Rolling  cash  forecasts  identifying  the  liquidity  requirements  of  the  Group  and  Company  are  produced  frequently.    These  are  reviewed 
regularly by management and the Board to ensure that sufficient financial resources are made available.  All Group activities are funded 
through the Company. 

At 31st December 2013 loan notes totalling £617,000 plus interest accrued of £48,000 had been converted into equity leaving no loan notes 
outstanding.    

2014 Group 
Current assets 
Derivative instrument 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current financial liabilities 
Loans 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

2013 Group 

Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

  Current financial liabilities 

Loan notes 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

6 months 
or less 
£000 

- 
398   

________ 

Greater than 
6 months, less 
than 12 months 
£000 

Greater 
than 
12 months 
£000 

Total 
undiscounted 

£000 

Carrying 
amount 
£000 

307 
- 
_________ 

- 
- 
________ 

307 
398  
_________ 

307 
298   

________ 

398    

________ 

307 
_________ 

- 
________ 

705    

_________ 

705  
________ 

461 
194   

- 
- 

- 
- 

461  
194   

461 
194   

- 
________ 

655   

________ 

1,120 
________ 

1,120 
________ 

- 
88  

- 

- 
_________ 

1,772   

________ 

1,772    

1,772    

_________ 

________ 

- 
_________ 

1,772   

________ 

2,427    

2,427    

_________ 

________ 

- 
_________ 

- 
________ 

1,120  
_________ 

1,120  
________ 

- 
_________ 

- 
________ 

 1,120  
_________ 

1,120  
________ 

- 

- 

- 

88  

88  

1,681 

1,681  

1,681  

________ 

_________ 

________ 

_________ 

________ 

88 
________ 

- 
_________ 

1,681  
________ 

1,769  
_________ 

1,769   

________ 

Trade and other payables include projected interest for the remaining term of loans.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 33 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED   

17 

Financial instruments (continued) 

2014 Company 
Current assets 
Derivative instrument 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current financial liabilities 
Loans 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

2013 Company 
Current assets 
Cash and cash equivalents 

  Current financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

Non-current financial liabilities 
Trade and other payables 

6 months 
or less 
£000 

Greater than 
6 months, less 
than 12 months 
£000 

Greater 
than 
12 months 
£000 

Total 
undiscounted 

£000 

Carrying 
amount 
£000 

398   

________ 

307 
- 
_________ 

- 
- 
________ 

307 
398  
_________ 

307 
398    

________ 

398    

________ 

307 
_________ 

- 
________ 

705    

_________ 

705  
________ 

461  
178   

- 
- 

- 
- 

461  
178   

461  
178   

- 
________ 

639   

________ 

- 
_________ 

- 
_________ 

24   

  24   

24     

________ 

_________ 

________ 

24    

  663   

663     

________ 

_________ 

________ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

1,120 
________ 

1,120 
________ 

68  

- 

- 
_________ 

- 
________ 

1,120 
_________ 

1,120  
________ 

- 
_________ 

- 
________ 

 1,120  
_________ 

1,120   

________ 

- 

- 

- 

24 

68  

68 

24    

24   

________ 

_________ 

________ 

_________ 

________ 

68 
________ 

- 
_________ 

24  
________ 

92   

92    

_________ 

________ 

Trade and other payables include projected interest for the remaining term of loans.  

Credit risk 
The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because the counterparties are banks with credit ratings assigned by international credit rating 
agencies.  The Group places funds only with selected organisations with ratings of 'A' or above as ranked by Standard & Poor's for both 
long and short term debt. All funds are currently placed with NatWest bank. 

Group and Company 

Cash and receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Carrying 
value 
£000 

398  
_________ 
398 
_________ 

Maximum 
exposure 
£000 

398  
_________ 
398 
_________ 

The Group made investments and advances into subsidiary companies during the year, recovery of which is dependent on future income 
generation of those subsidiaries. 

The Group's and Company’s external trade and other receivables comprise UK VAT and have not been impaired and which are non-interest 
bearing.  The Group and Company do not hold any collateral as security and do not hold any significant provision in the impairment account 
for trade and other receivables as they relate to third parties with no default history 

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 34 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED    

17 

Financial instruments (continued) 

Cash flow interest rate risk 
As cash is non-interest bearing, and loans and creditors are subject to only fixed interest rates, variations in commercial interest rates would 
have had have no impact upon the Group’s and Company’s result for the year ended 31st December 2014. 

Foreign exchange risk 
All of the Group’s and Company’s monetary assets and liabilities are denominated in Pounds Sterling, the functional currency of the Group 
and each of its subsidiaries, other than US$2,116,000  (£1,362,000) of non-current liabilities held by the Group in one of its subsidiaries. 
These exposures give rise to the net currency gains and losses recognised in profit or loss.  A 10% fluctuation in the Pound  sterling rate 
compared to the US dollar would give rise to a £124,000 gain or loss in the profit and loss. 

The Group carried limited exposure to foreign exchange risk during the period to 31st December 2014.  Its costs are incurred almost entirely 
in Pounds Sterling and it has no current revenues.  The Group and the Company's cash balances are maintained in Pounds Sterling which 
is the functional and reporting currency of each Group company.  Consequently no formal policies have been put in place in order to hedge 
the Group and Company's activities to the exposure to currency risk.  It is the Group's policy to ensure that individual Group entities enter 
into transactions in their functional currency wherever possible.  The Group considers this minimises any foreign exchange exposure. 

Management regularly monitor the currency profile and obtain informal advice to ensure that the cash balances are held in currencies which 
minimise the impact on the results and position of the Group and the Company from foreign exchange movements. 

Consequently  Management  do  not consider  that  a  foreign  exchange  sensitivity  analysis  is material to  the  results  of  the  Group  and  the 
Company. 

Capital 
The objective of the directors is to maximise shareholder returns and minimise risks by keeping a reasonable balance between debt and 
equity.  To date the Group has been principally equity financed, reflecting the early stage and consequent relatively high risk of its activities.  
During 2014, the Group raised £450,000 through the issue of ordinary shares at £0.11 (2013 - £2,000,000) and issued a further 5,625,000 
ordinary shares at £0.25 in return for notes issued by Darwin Securities. In 2013 the Company raised £172,000 in interest bearing loan 
notes which were then converted into ordinary shares upon AIM listing.   

In managing its capital, comprising equity, as described in the Statement of Changes in Equity, and loan notes, as disclosed  in Note 12, 
the Group and Company's primary objective is to ensure its ability to provide a sufficient return for its equity shareholders, principally though 
capital growth.  In order to achieve and seek to maximise this return objective the Group and Company will in the future seek to maintain a 
gearing ratio that balances risks and returns at an acceptable level while also maintaining a sufficient funding base to enable the Group 
and Company to meet its working capital and strategic investment needs.  In making decisions to adjust its capital structure  to achieve 
these aims, either through new share issues, increases or reductions in debt, or altering a dividend or share buyback policies, the Group 
considers not only its short term position but also its medium and longer term operational and strategic objectives.  

Borrowing facilities 
The Group and Company had borrowings totalling £461,000 outstanding at 31st December 2014. 

Hedges 
The Group did not hold any hedge instruments at the reporting date. 

18 

Financial commitments 

The Group has authorised and committed to capital expenditure in the current period as part of the  exploration and development work 
programme for the licences in which it participates: 

Authorised but not contracted 
Contracts 

2014 
£000 

  3,750 
  682  
_________ 

   4,432 
_________ 

2013 
£000 

781  
690  
_________ 

1,471  
_________ 

All capital commitments derive from the Group's participation in its joint venture operations and entities.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 35 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
NOTES FORMING PART OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2014 CONTINUED    

19 

Related party transactions  

Details of directors’ remuneration are provided in note 4. 

Acura Oil & Gas Limited, of which Michael Jordan is a director, acquired 181,818 shares for £20,000 during the year (2013 – disposed of 
2,252,321  shares).    Acura  subscribed  for  £30,000  in  loan  notes  during  2013  and  these  plus  accumulated  interest  were  converted  into 
165,284 ordinary shares upon the Company’s admission to AIM.  This brought Acura’s total holding to 6,957,560 (2013 – 6,775,742) shares 
being 10.05% of the total issued share capital. 

Mark Routh acquired 181,821 shares for £20,000 during the year (2013 – 462,427 shares).  He also subscribed for £40,000 in loan notes 
during  2013  and  his  total  loan  notes,  plus  accumulated  interest,  were  converted  into  1,373,246  ordinary  shares  upon  the  Company’s 
admission to AIM.  This brought his total holding to 4,303,010 (2013 – 4,121,189) shares being 6.21% of the total issued share capital. 

Peter  Young  subscribed  for  181,818  shares  for  £20,000  (2013  –  6,996,539  shares  bringing  his  total  holding  to  13,726,638  (2013  – 
13,544,820) being19.82% of the total issued share capital. 

Clayton Consulting Partners Limited , of which  Marie Louise Clayton  is a director  acquired 181,818 shares for £20,000 during the year 
(2013 – 90,600) bringing her total holding, including shares held directly by her, to 2,732,591 (2013 – 2,550,770) being 3.95% of the total 
issued share capital.  

Paul Murray acquired 181,818 shares during the year for £20,000 (2013  – 769,602 shares) bringing his total to 951,420 shares (2013 – 
769,602 shares) being 1.37% of the total issued share capital. 

20 

Subsequent events 

The key events subsequent to the year are as follows.  Details of these events are provided in the Chief Executive’s Review on page 2. 

 

Interim loan funding was agreed in June 2014 with Darwin Strategic.  Post year end the loan has been partially repaid with £358,000 
now outstanding and the term has been extended to early September 2015 when it is expected to be repaid in full. 

  On 3rd June 2015 the Company announced the acquisition of the remaining 50% of licence P1609 containing the Skipper discovery 

from Alpha Petroleum Resources Limited.  Upon completion IOG will become operator and will hold 100% of Skipper. 

 

 

 

 

A further investment of £145,000 was committed in June 2015 through the issue of 609,500 new ordinary shares in the capital of IOG 
at 23.79p per share. 

Long term financing discussions on the funding of Skipper, Cronx, Elgood and Blythe through to production are progressing well with 
an internationally listed group with a multi-billion dollar market capitalisation and all parties continue to work towards a completion date 
by 15th August 2015. 

IOG was also awarded a revised and increased area in licence P2260, block 48/22c which now includes the Hambleton discovery to 
the south of Elgood. 

The Group announced three phases of 3D seismic remapping and an MOU has been agreed with Baker Hughes for the provision of 
oilfield services.  

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Page 36 of 36 

Annual Report 2014 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
INFORMATION AND ADVISERS 

Country of incorporation of parent company 

United Kingdom 

Legal form 

Public limited company with share capital 

Directors 

Mark Routh  
Peter Young   
Marie-Louise Clayton   
Michael Jordan  
Paul Murray  

Registered office 

One America Square 
Crosswall  
London  
EC3N 2SG 

Company registered number 

07434350 

Auditors 

BDO LLP  
55 Baker Street, 
London  
W1U 7EU 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
■  Registered Address 
One America Square 
Crosswall 
London EC3N 2SG

■  Office 

70 Clifton Street 
London EC2A 4HB

■   Contact  

+44 (0)20 3051 9632 
www.independentoilandgas.com

ANNUAL REPORT & ACCOUNTS 2014