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Ituran Location and Control Ltd.

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FY2021 Annual Report · Ituran Location and Control Ltd.
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 

FORM 20-F 

☐ 

☒ 

☐ 

☐ 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. 
OR 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR 

SHELL  COMPANY  REPORT PURSUANT  TO  SECTION  13  OR  15(d)  OF  THE SECURITIES  EXCHANGE  ACT  OF
1934 

Date of event requiring this shell company report.......................................... 

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________ 

Commission file number. 001-32618 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English) 

Israel 
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) 

3 Hashikma street, Azour, 5800182 Israel 
(Address of principal executive offices) 

Guy Aharonov, General Counsel, 3 Hashikma street, Azour, 5800182 Israel, Tel: 972-3-5571314, Facsimile: 972-3-5571327 

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: 

Title of each class 

Trading symbol(s) 

Name of each exchange on which registered 

Ordinary Shares, par value NIS 0.331/3 per share 

ITRN 

Nasdaq Global Select Market 

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: 

None 
(Title of Class) 
SEC 1852 (04-20) - Persons who respond to the collection of information contained in this form are not required to respond unless the 
form displays a currently valid OMB control number. 
(Title of Class) 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: 
None 
(Title of Class) 

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close 

of the period covered by the annual report: 

20,533,586 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. 
☐ Yes ⌧ No 
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports 

pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. 

☐ Yes ⌧ No 

Note – Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) 

of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. 

☒ Yes ☐ No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be 
submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such 
shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). 
☒ Yes ☐ No 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, 

or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer", "accelerated filer", and "emerging growth 
company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. 

Large accelerated filer ☐ 

Accelerated filer ⌧ 

Non-accelerated filer ☐  Emerging growth company ☐ 

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by 

check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised 
financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ 
†The  term  “new  or  revised  financial  accounting  standard”  refers  to  any  update  issued  by  the  Financial  Accounting 
Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of 

the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 
U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ 

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements 

included in this filing: 

U.S. GAAP ⌧ 

International Financial Reporting Standards as issued 
by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ 

Other ☐ 

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement 

item the registrant has elected to follow: 

☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18 

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-

2 of the Exchange Act). 

☐ Yes ☒ No 
(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE 
YEARS) 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 
13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by 
a court. 

☐ Yes ☐ No 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

1 

iii 
iii 

USE OF CERTAIN TERMS ...................................................................................................................................... 
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS .................................................................................................................. 
IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS .....................................................1 
ITEM 1. 
ITEM 2.  OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE .......................................................................................1 
ITEM 3.  KEY INFORMATION................................................................................................................................
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA ..........................................................................................................................1 
A. 
CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS ................................................................................................ 3 
B. 
REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS ..................................................................................3 
C. 
RISK FACTORS.....................................................................................................................................................3 
D. 
12 
INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY ................................................................................................
ITEM 4. 
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY ....................................................................................
12 
A. 
BUSINESS OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................12 
B. 
23 
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE .....................................................................................................................
C. 
PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT ................................................................................................ 24 
D. 
ITEM 4.A.  UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS ..................................................................................................................
25 
ITEM 5:  OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS ................................................................ 25 
OPERATING RESULTS ................................................................................................................................25 
A. 
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................ 36 
B. 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES ................................................................39 
C. 
TREND INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................39 
D. 
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS ................................................................................................39 
E. 
TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS ................................................................40 
F. 
G. 
40 
SAFE HARBOR .....................................................................................................................................................
ITEM 6.  DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES ................................................................ 40 
DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................40 
A. 
43 
COMPENSATION .................................................................................................................................................
B. 
46 
BOARD PRACTICES ................................................................................................................................
C. 
EMPLOYEES .........................................................................................................................................................
D. 
50 
SHARE OWNERSHIP ................................................................................................................................ 52 
E. 
ITEM 7.  MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS .........................................................
53 
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS ................................................................................................................................53 
A. 
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS .................................................................................................................
B. 
55 
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL ................................................................................................59 
C. 
59 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ..............................................................................................................................
ITEM 8. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION ................................
A. 
59 
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES ................................................................................................................................60 
B. 
60 
THE OFFER AND LISTING ................................................................................................................................
ITEM 9. 
OFFER AND LISTING DETAILS ........................................................................................................................
A. 
60 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................................................60 
B. 
60 
MARKETS .............................................................................................................................................................
C. 
60 
SELLING SHAREHOLDERS ...............................................................................................................................
D. 
DILUTION .............................................................................................................................................................
E. 
60 
EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE ................................................................................................................................61 
F. 

i 

 
61 
ITEM 10.  ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ...........................................................................................................................
61 
SHARE CAPITAL .................................................................................................................................................
A. 
MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION ...................................................................................
B. 
61 
MATERIAL CONTRACTS ................................................................................................................................68 
C. 
EXCHANGE CONTROLS ................................................................................................................................68 
D. 
68 
TAXATION ............................................................................................................................................................
E. 
75 
DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS ................................................................................................
F. 
75 
STATEMENT BY EXPERTS ................................................................................................................................
G. 
76 
DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY ...............................................................................................................................
H. 
I. 
76 
SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION ............................................................................................................................
ITEM 11.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK ................................76 
77 
ITEM 12.  DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES .....................................................
ITEM 13.  DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES ................................................................
77 
ITEM 14A.  MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF 

77 
PROCEEDS ............................................................................................................................................................
77 
ITEM 15.  CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES .......................................................................................................................
ITEM 16. 
80 
[RESERVED] .........................................................................................................................................................
ITEM 16A.  AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT ................................................................................................80 
80 
ITEM 16B.  CODE OF ETHICS ................................................................................................................................
ITEM 16C.  PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES ........................................................................................
80 
ITEM 16D.  EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES ................................80 
ITEM 16E.  PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS ..................
80 
ITEM 16F.  CHANGES IN REGISTRANT'S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT ................................................................81 
81 
ITEM 16G.  CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ............................................................................................................................
81 
ITEM 16H.  MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE ............................................................................................................................
81 
ITEM 17.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ................................................................................................................................
81 
ITEM 18.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ................................................................................................................................
82 
ITEM 19.  EXHIBITS ..............................................................................................................................................................

ii 

 
 
USE OF CERTAIN TERMS 

As  used  herein,  and  unless  the  context  suggests  otherwise,  the  terms  “we”,  “us”,  “our”  or  “Ituran”  refer  to  Ituran 
Location and Control Ltd. and its consolidated subsidiaries. 

We  have  prepared  our  consolidated  financial  statements  in  US  Dollars.  Our  consolidated  financial  statements  were 
prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles  generally  accepted  in  the  United  States  (“U.S.  GAAP”).  All 
references herein to “dollars” or “$” or “USD” are to United States dollars, and all references to “NIS” are to New 
Israeli Shekels. 

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 

This  Annual  Report  on  Form  20-F  contains  forward-looking  statements  within  the  meaning  of  Section  27A  of  the 
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The use of the 
words  “projects,”  “believes,”  “expects,”  “may,”  “plans”  or  “intends,”  or  words  of  similar  import,  identifies  a 
statement as “forward-looking.” The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that 
involve a number of risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are based on the assumption that we will 
not lose a significant customer or customers or experience increased fluctuations of demand or rescheduling of purchase 
orders, that our markets will continue to grow, that our products will remain accepted within their respective markets 
and will not be replaced by new technology, that competitive conditions within our markets will not change materially or 
adversely,  that  we  will  retain  key  technical  and  management  personnel,  that  our  forecasts  will  accurately  anticipate 
market demand, and that there will be no material adverse change in our operations or business. Assumptions relating to 
the  foregoing  involve  judgments  with  respect  to,  among  other  things,  future  economic,  competitive  and  market 
conditions,  and  future  business  decisions,  all  of  which  are  difficult  or  impossible  to  predict  accurately  and  many  of 
which are beyond our control. In addition, our business and operations are subject to substantial risks which increase 
the  uncertainty  inherent  in  the  forward-looking  statements.  In  light  of  the  significant  uncertainties  inherent  in  the 
forward-looking  information  included  herein,  the  inclusion  of  such  information  should  not  be  regarded  as  a 
representation by us or any other person that our objectives or plans will be achieved. Factors that could cause actual 
results to differ from our expectations or projections include the risks and uncertainties described in this annual report 
in  Item  3D:  Risk  Factors. Forward-looking  statements  speak  only  as  of  the  date  on  which  they  are  made,  and  we 
undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements or other information contained in this report, whether 
as  a  result  of  new  information,  future  events  or  otherwise.  You  are  advised,  however,  to  consult  any  additional 
disclosures we make in our reports on Form 6-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). 

iii 

 [This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

  
PART I 

ITEM 1. 

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS 

Not applicable. 

ITEM 2. 

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE 

Not applicable. 

ITEM 3. 

KEY INFORMATION 

A. 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA 

The selected consolidated financial data below is provided under generally accepted accounting principles in the 
U.S. (U.S. GAAP). You should read the selected consolidated financial data presented in this Item together with Item 5 – 
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects and with our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this 
annual report. 

Our  selected  consolidated  statements  of  income  data  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2019, 2020  and 2021 
and  our  selected  consolidated  balance  sheet  data  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  2021  have  been  derived  from  our 
consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. The selected consolidated statements of income data 
for  each  of  the  years  ended  December  31,  2017  and  2018,  and  the  selected  consolidated  balance  sheet  data  as  of 
December 31, 2017, 2018 and 2019, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included in this 
report. 

1 

 
  
  
 
 
Selected Financial Data Under U.S. GAAP: 

Consolidated Statements of Income Data 

2021 

2020 

Year Ended December 31, 
2019 
In USD 
In thousands, except per share amounts 

2018 

  2017 

Revenues: 

Telematics services ....................................   
Telematics products ...................................   
Total Revenues ..........................................   

189,649  
81,235  
270,884  

    182,944  
62,683  
    245,627  

    204,728  
74,604  
    279,332  

    181,357  
71,978  
    253,335  

Cost of Revenues: 

Telematics services ....................................   
Telematics products ...................................   
Total cost of revenues ...................................   

84,783  
59,619  
144,402  

81,365  
48,747  
    130,112  

90,158  
58,656  
    148,814  

70,329  
55,678  
    126,007  

169,752   
64,884   
234,636   

60,256   
54,996   
115,252   

Gross profit ................................................   

126,482  

    115,515  

    130,518  

    127,328  

119,384   

Research and development expenses .........   
Selling and marketing expenses .................   
General and administrative expenses .........   
Impairment of goodwill .............................   
Impairment of intangible assets and 

other expenses (income) net ...................   
Operating Income ......................................   

Other income (expenses), net .....................   
Financing income (expenses), net .................   
Income before income tax .............................   

Income tax .....................................................   
Share in gains (losses) of affiliated 

companies, net ...........................................   
Net income for the year ................................   

Less: net income attributable to non-

14,099  
11,906  
46,118  
-  

(256) 
54,615  

(109) 
(5,538) 
48,968  

12,767  
11,014  
49,705  
10,508  

3,690  
27,831  

(272) 
1,480  
29,039  

13,913  
12,778  
55,166  
12,292  

13,715  
22,654  

(26) 
576  
23,204  

6,223  
11,340  
47,693  
-  

(306) 
62,378  

13,138  
717  
76,233  

3,160   
12,246   
47,590   
-   

(147 ) 
56,535   

-   
(989 ) 
55,546   

(11,854) 

(10,856))     

(12,234) 

(17,273) 

(17,705 ) 

(102) 
37,012  

(842) 
17,341  

(3,203) 
7,767  

4,219  
63,179  

8,520   
46,361   

controlling interest .....................................   

(2,756) 

(1,218) 

(878) 

(2,504) 

(2,567 ) 

Net income attributable to Company 

stockholders ..............................................   

34,256  

16,123  

6,889  

60,675  

43,794   

Earnings per share 

Basic ..........................................................   
Diluted .......................................................   

1,65  
1,65  

0.77  
0.77  

0.33  
0.33  

2.88  
2.88  

2.09   
2.09   

Weighted average number of shares 

outstanding 
Basic ..........................................................   
Diluted .......................................................   

20,769  
20,769  

20,813  
20,813  

21,037  
21,037  

21,077  
21,077  

20,968   
20,968   

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Consolidated Balance Sheets Data: 

2021 

2020 

Year Ended December 31, 
2019 
In USD 
In thousands, except per share amounts 

2018 

2017 

Cash & Cash Equivalent; and investment in 

54,711  
trading marketable securities ..........................      
58,102  
Working Capital .................................................      
Total Assets ........................................................       293,021  
Total Liabilities ..................................................       155,218  
Retained Earnings ..............................................       143,259  
Stockholders’ Equity ..........................................       132,460  
0.90  
Dividend declared per share ...............................      

     78,846   
     66,708   
     312,472   
     182,573   
     127,684   
     127,192   
0.24   

54,322  
73,085  
     339,235  
     203,321  
     116,479  
     129,330  
0.95  

53,295  
84,214  
     373,792  
     213,592  
     129,580  
     153,693  
0.95  

40,465  
71,360  
215,159  
81,930  
92,065  
125,790  
1.12  

Other Data: 

Subscribers of telematics services (1)....................    1,881,000   
Average monthly churn rate ................................    

3 %     

2021 

Year Ended December 31, 
2019 
    1,781,000  

2018 
    1,770,000  

2020 
    1,768,000   

2017 
     1,160,000  

3 %     

3.3%     

2.8%     

3.2% 

(1)  Number of subscribers are rounded to the nearest thousand. 

B.          CAPITALIZATION AND INDEBTEDNESS 

Not applicable. 

C.          REASONS FOR THE OFFER AND USE OF PROCEEDS 

Not applicable. 

D.          RISK FACTORS 

Our business, operating results and financial condition could be seriously harmed due to any of the following 

risks, among others. If we do not successfully address the risks to which we are subject, we could experience a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition and our share price may 
decline, which may result in a loss of all or part of your investment. We cannot assure you that we will successfully 
address any of these risks. You should carefully consider the following factors as well as the other information 
contained and incorporated by reference in this annual report before taking any investment decision with respect to 
our securities. See “Forward Looking Statements” on page iv above. 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS 

Failure to maintain our existing relationships or establish new relationships with insurance companies or car 

manufacturers could adversely affect our revenues and growth potential. 

Revenues from our stolen vehicle recovery services, which we refer to as SVR services, (“SVR”) and automatic 

vehicle location (“AVL”) products, which we refer to as telematics products, are primarily dependent on our 
relationships with insurance companies and car manufactures. In Israel, insurance companies drive demand for our SVR 
services and telematics products by encouraging and, in some cases, requiring customers to subscribe to vehicle location 
services and purchase vehicle location products such as ours. In certain subsidiaries in Brazil and Argentina, insurance 
companies enter into written agreements to subscribe to our services and purchase or lease our products directly. Our 
inability to maintain our existing relationships or establish new relationships with insurance companies could adversely 
affect our revenues and growth potential. In some of the territories in which we operate, we have business relation with 
car manufacturers. Our inability to maintain our existing relationships or establish new relationships with car 
manufacturers companies could adversely affect our revenues and growth potential. 

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Changes in practices of insurance companies in the markets in which we provide our SVR services and sell 

our telematics products could adversely affect our revenues and growth potential. 

We depend on the practices of insurance companies in the markets in which we provide our SVR services and sell 
our telematics products. In Israel, insurance companies either mandate the use of SVR services and telematics products, 
or their equivalent, as a prerequisite for providing insurance coverage to owners of certain medium- and high-end 
vehicles or provide insurance premium discounts to encourage vehicle owners to subscribe to services and purchase 
products such as ours. In certain subsidiaries in Brazil and Argentina, insurance companies mainly lease our telematics 
products directly and subsequently require their customers to subscribe to our SVR services. 

Therefore, we rely on insurance companies’ continued practice of: 

accepting vehicle location and recovery technology as a preferred security product; 
requiring or providing a premium discount for using location and recovery services and products; 

 
 
  mandating or encouraging use of our SVR services and telematics products, or similar services and products, for 
vehicles with the same or similar threshold values and for the same or similar required duration of use; and 

If any of these policies or practices change, revenues from sales of our SVR services and telematics products could 

decline, which could adversely affect our revenues and growth potential. 

A reduction in vehicle theft rates may adversely impact demand for our SVR services and telematics 

products. 

Demand for our SVR services and telematics products depends primarily on prevailing or expected vehicle theft 
rates. Vehicle theft rates may decline as a result of various reasons, such as the availability of improved security systems, 
implementation of improved or more effective law enforcement measures, or improved economic or political conditions 
in markets that have high theft rates. If vehicle theft rates in any or all of our existing markets decline, or if insurance 
companies or our other customers believe that vehicle theft rates have declined or are expected to decline, demand for 
our SVR services and telematics products may decline. 

A decline in sales of new cars at the markets in which we operate could result in reduced demand for our 

telematics services and telematics products. 

Our SVR services and telematics products are primarily used to protect cars and are often installed before or 
immediately after their initial sale. Consequently, a reduction in sales of vehicles could reduce our addressable market 
for SVR services and telematics products. New vehicle sales may decline for various reasons, including an increase in 
new vehicle tariffs, taxes or gas prices. A decline in vehicle production levels or labor disputes affecting the automobile 
industry in the markets where we operate may also impact the volume of new vehicle sales. A decline in sales of new 
vehicles in the markets in which we provide our SVR services or sell our telematics products could result in reduced 
demand for such services and products. 

There is significant competition in the markets in which we offer our services and products and our results of 

operations could be adversely affected if we fail to compete successfully. 

The markets for our services and products are highly competitive. We compete primarily on the basis of the 
technological innovation, quality and price of our services and products. Our most competitive market is the telematics 
services market and the related telematics products market, due to the existence of a wide variety of competing services 
and products and alternative technologies that offer various levels of protection and tracking capabilities, including 
global positioning systems, or GPS, satellite- or network-based cellular systems and direction-finding homing 
technologies. Some of these competing services and products, such as certain GPS-based products, are installed in new 
cars by vehicle manufacturers prior to their initial sale, which effectively precludes us from competing for such 
subscribers in the SVR market. Furthermore, providers of competing services or products may extend their offerings to 
the locations in which we operate, or new competitors may enter the telematics services market. Our telematics products 
also compete with less sophisticated theft protection devices such as standard car alarms, immobilizers, steering wheel 
locks and homing devices, some of which may be significantly cheaper. Some of these competing products have greater 
brand recognition than our telematics products. 

4 

 
The development of new or improved competitive products, systems or technologies that compete with our 

telematics products may render our products less competitive or obsolete, which could cause a decline in our 
revenues and profitability. 

We are engaged in businesses characterized by rapid technological change and frequent new product developments 

and enhancements. The number of companies developing and marketing new telematics products has expanded 
considerably in recent years. The development of new or improved products, systems or technologies that compete with 
our telematics products, for both our SVR and fleet management services, may render our products and services less 
competitive and we may not be able to enhance our technology in a timely manner. In addition to the competition 
resulting from new products, systems or technologies, our future product enhancements may not adequately meet the 
requirements of the marketplace and may not achieve the broad market acceptance necessary to generate significant 
revenues. Any of the foregoing could cause a decline in our revenues and profitability. 

The inability of local law enforcement agencies to timely and effectively recover the stolen vehicles we locate 

could negatively impact customers’ perception of the usefulness of our SVR services and telematics products, 
adversely affecting our revenues. 

Our telematics products identify the location of vehicles in which our products are installed. Following a notification 
of an unauthorized entry, or if we receive notification of the vehicle’s theft from a subscriber, we notify the relevant law 
enforcement agency of the location of the subscriber’s vehicle and generally rely on local law enforcement or 
governmental agencies to recover the stolen vehicle. We cannot control nor predict the response time of the relevant 
local law enforcement or other governmental agencies responsible for recovering stolen vehicles, nor that the stolen 
vehicles, once located, will be recovered at all. In the past, some stolen vehicles in which our telematics products were 
installed were not recovered on timely manner, from the time an unauthorized entry is confirmed or reported to the time 
the vehicle is recovered. To the extent that the relevant agencies do not effectively and timely respond to our calls and 
recover stolen vehicles, our recovery rates would likely diminish, which may, in turn, negatively impact customers’ 
perception of the usefulness of our SVR services and telematics products, adversely affecting our revenues. 

The ability to detect, deactivate, disable or otherwise inhibit the effectiveness of our telematics products could 

adversely affect demand for such products and our revenues. 

The effectiveness of our telematics products is dependent, in part, on the inability of unauthorized persons to 
deactivate or otherwise alter the functioning of our telematics products or the vehicle anti-theft devices that work in 
conjunction with our telematics products. As sales of our telematics products increase, criminals in the markets in which 
we operate may become increasingly aware of our telematics products and may develop methods or technologies to 
detect, deactivate or disable our tracking devices or the vehicle anti-theft devices that work in conjunction with our 
telematics products. We believe that, as is the case with any product intended to prevent vehicle theft, over time, there 
may be an increased ability of unauthorized persons to detect, deactivate, disable or otherwise inhibit the effectiveness of 
our telematics products, although it is difficult to verify this fact. An increase in the ability of unauthorized persons to 
detect, deactivate, disable or otherwise inhibit the effectiveness of our telematics products could adversely affect demand 
for our products and our revenues. 

We rely on some intellectual property that we license from third parties, the loss of which could preclude us 

from providing our SVR services or market and sell some of our telematics products, which would adversely 
affect our revenues. 

We license from third parties some of the technology that we need in order to provide our SVR services and market 

and sell some of our telematics products. In the event that such licenses were to be terminated, or if such licenses were 
rendered unenforceable or invalid and we would not be able to license similar technology from other parties, it would 
require us, at a minimum, to obtain rights to a different technology and reconfigure our telematics products accordingly. 
In addition, some of the licenses we obtained from third parties are non-exclusive, which may enable other entities to 
obtain identical licenses from such third parties to operate in the places in which we conduct our business resulting in 
increased competition and could adversely affect our revenues. 

5 

 
 
 
Our ability to sell some of our services and products depends upon the prior receipt and maintenance of 
various governmental licenses and approvals and our failure to obtain or maintain such licenses and approvals, or 
third-party use of the same licenses and frequencies, could result in a disruption or curtailment of our operations, 
a significant increase in costs and a decline in revenues. 

We are required to obtain specific licenses and approvals from various governmental authorities in order to conduct 

our operations. For example, some of our telematics products use radio frequencies that are licensed and renewed 
periodically from the Ministry of Communications in Israel and similar agencies worldwide. As we continue to expand 
into additional markets, we will be required to obtain new permits and approvals from relevant governmental authorities. 
Furthermore, once our telematics infrastructure is deployed and our telematics end-units are sold to subscribers, a change 
in radio frequencies would require us to recalibrate all of our antennas and replace or modify all end-units held by 
subscribers, which would be costly and may result in delays in the provision of our SVR services. In addition, some of 
the governmental licenses for radio frequencies that we currently use may be preempted by third parties. In Israel, our 
license is designated as a “joint” license, allowing the government to grant third parties a license to use the same 
frequencies, and in Brazil our license is designated as a “secondary”, non-exclusive license, which allows the 
government to grant a third party a primary license to use such frequencies, which third-party use could adversely affect, 
disrupt or curtail our operations. Our inability to maintain necessary governmental licenses and frequency approvals, or 
third-party use of or interference with the same licenses or frequencies, could result in a significant increase in costs and 
decline in revenues. 

Our SVR services business model is based on the existence of certain conditions, the loss or lack of which in 

existing or potential markets could adversely affect our revenues generated in existing markets or our growth 
potential. 

Our SVR services business model and, consequently, our ability to provide our SVR services and sell our telematics 

products, relies on our ability to successfully identify markets in which: 

 
 

 

the rate of car theft or consumer concern over vehicle safety is high; 
satisfactory radio frequencies are available to us for our RF technology, that allow us to operate our business in an 
uninterrupted manner; and 
insurance companies, car manufacturers or owners of cars believe that the value of cars justifies incurring the 
expense associated with the deployment of SVR services. 

The absence of such conditions, our inability to locate markets in which such conditions exist or the loss of any one 
of the above conditions in markets we currently serve could adversely affect our revenues generated in existing markets 
or our growth potential. 

The loss of key personnel could adversely affect our business and prospects for growth. 

Our success depends upon the efforts and abilities of key management personnel, including our President and our 
Co-Chief Executive Officers. Loss of the services of one or more of such key personnel could adversely affect our ability 
to execute our business plan. In addition, we believe that our future success depends in part upon our ability to attract, 
retain and motivate qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business. If one or more members of our 
management team or other key technical personnel become unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, and 
if additional key personnel cannot be hired and retained as needed, our business and prospects for growth could be 
adversely affected. 

We rely on third parties to manufacture our telematics products, which could affect our ability to provide 

such products in a timely and cost-effective manner, adversely impacting our revenues and profit margins. 

We outsource the manufacturing of a significant part of our telematics products to third parties. We use 
manufacturers for production of our telematics products and we do not maintain significant levels of inventories to 
support us in the event of an unexpected interruption in its manufacturing process. If our principal manufacturer or any 
of our other manufacturers is unable to or fails to manufacture our products in a timely manner, we may not be able to 
secure alternative manufacturing facilities without experiencing an interruption in the supply of our products or an 
increase in production costs. Any such interruption or increase in production costs could affect our ability to provide our 
telematics products in a timely and cost-effective manner, adversely impacting our revenues and profit margins. 

6 

  
 
We rely on two major suppliers to supply us with various products and software. Each of these suppliers 

supply us with different type of products and services and act as single supplier of such products and services. 

We rely on two major suppliers to supply us with various products and software, one of them is our subsidiary. Each 

of these suppliers supply us with different type of products and software and act as single supplier of such products and 
services. 

Termination of relations with one of our major suppliers would adversely affect our operations and revenues. 

We depend on the use of specialized quality assurance testing equipment for the production of our telematics 

products, the loss or unavailability of which could adversely affect our results of operations. 

We and our third-party manufacturers use specialized quality assurance testing equipment in the production of our 

products. The replacement of any such equipment as a result of its failure or loss could result in a disruption of our 
production process or an increase in costs, which could adversely affect our results of operations. 

The adoption of industry standards that do not incorporate the technology we use may decrease or eliminate 

the demand for our services or products and could harm our results of operations. 

There are no established industry standards in all of the businesses in which we sell our telematics products. For 
example, vehicle location devices may operate by employing various technologies, including network triangulation, 
GPS, satellite-based or network-based cellular or direction-finding homing systems. The development of industry 
standards that do not incorporate the technology we use may decrease or eliminate the demand for our services or 
products and we may not be able to develop new services and products that are in compliance with such new industry 
standards on a cost-effective basis. If industry standards develop and such standards do not incorporate our telematics 
products and we are unable to effectively adapt to such new standards, such development could harm our results of 
operations. 

Expansion of our operations to new markets involves risks and our failure to manage such risks may delay or 

preclude our ability to generate anticipated revenues and may impede our overall growth strategy. 

We anticipate future growth to be attributable to our business activities in new markets, particularly in developing 
countries, where we may encounter additional risks and challenges, such as longer payment cycles, potentially adverse 
tax consequences, potential difficulties in collecting receivables and potential difficulties in enforcing agreements or 
other rights in foreign legal systems. The challenges and risks of entering a new market may delay or preclude our ability 
to generate anticipated revenues and may impede our overall growth strategy. 

Part of our services rely on GPS/GPRS-based technology owned and controlled by others, the loss, 

impairment or increased expense of which could negatively impact our immediate and future revenues from, or 
growth of, our services and adversely affect our results of operations. 

Part of our business relies on signals from GPS/GPRS satellites built and maintained by third parties. If GPS/GPRS 

satellites become unavailable to us, or if the costs associated with using GPS/GPRS technology increase such that it is no 
longer feasible or cost-effective for us to use such technology, we will not be able to adequately provide our services. In 
addition, if one or more GPS/GPRS satellites malfunction, there could be a substantial delay before such satellites are 
repaired or replaced, if at all. The occurrence of any of the foregoing events could negatively impact our immediate and 
future revenues from, or growth of, our telematics services and adversely affect our results of operations. 

Material cyber security failure may harm our operations, which rely on use of information technology and 

wireless transmission. 

Our telematics and SVR services, relies on the use of information technology which under a major cyber security 
breach, could harm our operations. We are using physical services, wireless transmitting stations, GPRS/GPS, and in 
lesser account cloud computing to provide our services. There are risks associated with storing and transmitting data, 
which due to cyber security breach may be corrupted, and the store data on remote servers may be destroyed, damaged, 
seized, or otherwise no longer accessible, which may temporary decrease our ability to deliver telematics and SVR 
services. 

We implemented cyber security controls – which consists of three pillars: prevention, detection and response (data 

recovery in the event of a cyber breach). We perform an ongoing review of our systems and an annual external review of 
our cyber security controls and their implementation. However, such cyber security controls may not be able to prevent 

7 

all unexpected weaknesses. In the event of a cyber-attack, we could experience the corruption or loss of data, 
misappropriation of assets or sensitive information, including customer information, or operational disruption. This could 
result in response costs and various financial loss and may subject us to litigation and cause damage to our reputation, for 
which we may not be covered under our current insurance policies and may lead to substantial loss of revenues. 

Some of our employees in our subsidiaries in Brazil and Argentina are members of labor unions and a 

dispute between us and any such labor union could result in a labor strike that could delay or preclude altogether 
our ability to generate revenues in the markets where such employees are located. 

Some of our employees in our subsidiaries in Brazil and Argentina are members of labor unions. If a labor dispute 
were to develop between us and our unionized employees, such employees could go on strike and we could suffer work 
stoppage for a significant period of time. A labor dispute can be difficult to resolve and may require us to seek arbitration 
for resolution, which arbitration can be time consuming, distracting to management, expensive and difficult to predict. 
The occurrence of a labor dispute with our unionized employees could delay or preclude altogether our ability to 
generate revenues in the markets where such employees are located. 

COVID-19 Pandemic 

A regional or a global health pandemic, such as COVID-19, could severely affect our business, results of 
operations and financial condition due to impacts on our suppliers and customers, as well as impacts from 
remote work arrangements, actions taken to contain the disease or treat its impact and the speed and extent of the 
recovery. 

A regional or a global health pandemic, depending upon its duration and severity, could have a material adverse 
effect on our business. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has had numerous effects on the global economy and 
governmental authorities around the world have implemented measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19. These 
measures, including shutdowns and “shelter-in-place” orders suggested or mandated by governmental authorities or 
otherwise elected by companies as a preventive measure, have adversely affected workforces, customers, consumer 
sentiment, economies and financial markets, and, along with decreased consumer spending, have led to an economic 
downturn in many of our markets. 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as near-term measures, we have transitioned many of our employees to 
remote working arrangements. The transition has had little impact on our employee productivity and has not caused 
material interruption to our business. 

We are unable to accurately predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our operations going forward due to 
uncertainties that will be dictated by the length of time that the pandemic and related disruptions continue, the impact of 
governmental regulations that might be imposed in response to the pandemic and overall changes in consumer behavior. 
Numerous state and local jurisdictions have imposed, and others in the future may impose, “shelter-in-place” orders, 
quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of 
COVID-19. Governments all over the world are continuing to impose limitations on gatherings, social distancing 
measures and restrictions on movement, only allowing essential businesses to remain open. Such orders or restrictions 
have and are continuing to result in temporary store closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions 
and cancellation of events, among other effects, any of which may negatively impact workforces, customers, consumer 
sentiment and the economies in many of our markets, and as a result, may adversely affect our operations. 

We are subject to litigation that could result in significant costs to us. 

On July 13, 2015, we received a purported class action lawsuit which was filed against the Company in the District 

Court of Central Region in Tel-Aviv by one plaintiff who is a subscriber of the Company, alleging that the Company, 
which was declared a monopoly under the Israeli Antitrust Law, unlawfully abused its power as a monopoly and 
discriminated between its customers. The lawsuit is yet to be approved as a class action. The total amount claimed if the 
lawsuit is approved as a class action was estimated by the plaintiff to be approximately NIS 300 million (approximately 
USD 96 million). Based on an opinion of its legal counsels, the Company believes that the lawsuit lacks substantiation, 
and that the Company has good defense arguments in respect of claims made by the plaintiff and that the chances that the 
suit will not be approved as a class action lawsuit are higher than it will be approved. While we cannot predict the 
outcome of this case, if we are not successful in defending our claim, we could be subject to significant costs, adversely 
affecting our results of operations. 

8 

For additional information on these lawsuits and for information concerning additional litigation proceedings, please 

refer to Item 8.A – “Consolidated financial Statements and other Financial Information” under the caption “Material 
Legal Proceedings” below. 

We have not applied nor obtained for several of the permits required for the operation of some of our base 

sites. To the extent enforcement is sought, the breadth, quality and capacity of our network coverage could be 
materially affected. 

The provision of our SVR services depends upon adequate network coverage for accurate tracking information. In 

Israel, we have installed 98 base sites that provide complete communications coverage in Israel. Similarly, we have 
communications coverage in Sao Paulo and Rio Brazil and Buenos Aires, Argentina. The installation and operation of 
most of our base sites require building permits from local or regional zoning authorities as well as a number of additional 
permits from governmental and regulatory authorities. 

Currently most of our base sites in Israel and Brazil and some of our base sites in Argentina operate without local 

building permits or the equivalent. Although relevant authorities in Israel, Brazil and Argentina have not historically 
enforced penalties for non-compliance with certain permit regulations, following ongoing press coverage and actions by 
various public interest groups, relevant Israeli authorities have begun seeking enforcement of permit regulations, 
especially with respect to antennas constructed for cellular phone operators. Some possible enforcement measures 
include the closure or demolition of existing base sites or the imposition of limitation on erection of new base stations. 
Should these enforcement measures be imposed upon us in Israel, Brazil or Argentina, the extent, quality and capacity of 
our network coverage and, as a result, our ability to provide SVR services, may be adversely affected. In Israel we are in 
process of achieving compliance with the regulation of our base stations, such process can take several years. 

Currency fluctuations may result in valuation adjustments in our assets and liabilities and could cause our 

results of operations to decline. 

The valuation of our assets and liabilities, our revenues received, and the related expenses incurred are not always 

denominated in the same currency. This lack of correlation between revenues and expenses exposes us to risks resulting 
from currency fluctuations. These currency fluctuations could have an adverse effect on our results of operations, such 
currency fluctuations take place in several countries in which we operate which affects our operation results in these 
countries. In addition, fluctuations in currencies may result in valuation adjustments in our assets and liabilities which 
could cause our results of operations to decline. 

RISKS RELATED TO OUR OPERATIONS IN ISRAEL 

We are headquartered in Israel and therefore our results of operations may be adversely affected by political, 

economic and military instability in Israel. 

Our headquarters are located in Israel and most our key employees, officers and directors are residents of Israel. 
Accordingly, security, political and economic conditions in Israel directly affect our business. Over the past several 
decades, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab neighbors. During July-August 2014 
and during May 2021, Israel was engaged in an armed conflicts with a militant group and political party who controls the 
Gaza Strip. These conflicts involved missile strikes against civilian targets in various parts of Israel, including areas in 
which our employees and some of our consultants are located, and negatively affected business conditions in Israel. 
Continued or increased hostilities, future armed conflicts, political developments in other states in the region or 
continued or increased terrorism could make it more difficult for us to conduct our operations in Israel, which could 
increase our costs and adversely affect our financial results. 

Furthermore, there are number of countries, primarily in the Middle East, that still restrict business with Israel or 
Israeli companies and as a result our company is precluded from marketing its products in these countries. Restrictive 
laws or policies directed toward Israel or Israeli businesses could have an adverse effect on our ability to grow our 
business and our results of operations. 

Under Israeli law, we are considered a “monopoly” and therefore subject to certain restrictions that may 

negatively impact our ability to grow our business in Israel. 

We have been declared a monopoly under the Israeli Economy competition Law (formerly known as Restrictive 

Trade Practices Law, 1988) (the “Israeli Antitrust Law”), in the market for the provision of systems for the location of 
vehicles. Under Israeli law, a monopoly is prohibited from taking certain actions, such as predatory pricing and the 
provision of loyalty discounts, which prohibitions do not apply to other companies. The Israeli antitrust authority (under 

9 

its new name - Competition Authority) may further declare that we have abused our position in the market. Any such 
declaration in any suit in which it is claimed that we engage in anti-competitive conduct would serve as prima 
facie evidence that we are a monopoly or that we have engaged in anti-competitive behavior. Furthermore, we may be 
ordered to take or refrain from taking certain actions, such as set maximum prices, in order to protect against unfair 
competition. If we breach certain provisions of the Israeli Antitrust Law, including as a monopoly, the Israeli 
Competition authority may also impose on us in an administrative procedure, financial sanctions in an amount of up to 
the lower of NIS 100 million (approximately US$32  million) or 8% of our annual revenues for the last financial year 
prior to such breach. Restraints on our operations as a result of being considered a “monopoly” in Israel could adversely 
affect our ability to grow our business in Israel. 

It may be difficult and costly to enforce a judgment issued in the United States against us, our executive 
officers and directors, or to assert United States securities laws claims in Israel or serve process on our officers 
and directors. 

We are incorporated and headquartered in Israel. As a result, our executive officers and directors are non-residents 

of the United States and a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside of the 
United States. Therefore, service of process upon any of these officers or directors may be difficult to effect in the United 
States. Furthermore, it may be difficult to enforce a judgment issued against us in the United States or any of such 
persons in both United States courts and other courts abroad. 

Additionally, there is doubt as to the enforceability of civil liabilities under United States federal securities laws in 

actions originally instituted in Israel or in actions for the enforcement of a judgment obtained in the United States on the 
basis of civil liabilities in Israel. 

Provisions of Israeli corporate and tax law may delay, prevent or otherwise encumber a merger with, or an 
acquisition of, our company, which could prevent a change of control, even when the terms of such transaction 
are favorable to us and our shareholders. 

We may be subject to Israeli corporate law which regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares 

above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant 
shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to these types of transactions. In addition, our articles of 
association contain, among other things, provisions that may make it more difficult to acquire our company, such as 
classified board provisions and certain restrictions on the members of our board pursuant to regulatory requirements of 
the Israeli Ministry of Communication. Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transaction structures 
involving the acquisition of our company unappealing to us or to some of our shareholders. See Item 10.B. – 
“Memorandum and Articles of Association” - “Our Corporate Practices under the Israeli Companies Law” under the 
caption “Approval of Transactions under Israeli law” and Item 10.E. – “Taxation” under the caption “Israeli Tax 
Considerations” for additional discussion of some anti-takeover effects of Israeli law. These provisions of Israeli law and 
our articles of association may delay, prevent or otherwise encumber a merger with, or an acquisition of, our company or 
any of our assets, which could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, even when 
the terms of such a transaction could be favorable to our shareholders. 

The rights and responsibilities of our shareholders will be governed by Israeli law and may differ in some 

respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders under United States law. 

We are incorporated under Israeli law. The rights and responsibilities of holders of our ordinary shares are governed 

by our memorandum of association, articles of association and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in 
some respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in typical US-based corporations. In particular, a 
shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith toward the company and other shareholders and to 
refrain from abusing his, her or its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at the general meeting 
of shareholders on certain matters. Israeli corporate law has undergone extensive revisions in recent years and, as a 
result, there is little case law available to assist in understanding the implications of these provisions that govern 
shareholders’ actions, which may be interpreted to impose additional obligations on holders of our ordinary shares that 
are typically not imposed on shareholders of US-based corporations. 

10 

 
 
 
GENERAL RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORDINARY SHARES AND THE ECONOMY 

Future sales of our ordinary shares could reduce the market price of our ordinary shares. 

If we or our shareholders sell substantial amounts of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the 

market price of our ordinary shares may decline. 

The market price of our ordinary shares is subject to fluctuation, which could result in substantial losses for 

our investors. 

The stock market in general, and the market price of our ordinary shares in particular, are subject to fluctuation, and 

changes in our share price may be unrelated to our operating performance. The market price of our ordinary shares has 
fluctuated in the past, and we expect it will continue to do so, as a result of a number of factors, including: 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

the gain or loss of significant orders or customers; 
recruitment or departure of key personnel; 
the announcement of new products or service enhancements by us or our competitors; 
quarterly variations in our or our competitors' results of operations; 
announcements related to litigation; 
changes in earnings estimates, investors' perceptions, recommendations by securities analysts or our failure to 
achieve analysts' earnings estimates; 
developments in our industry; and 
general market conditions and other factors unrelated to our operating performance or the operating performance of 
our competitors. 

These factors and price fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares and 

result in substantial losses to our investors. 

Somewhat significant portion of our ordinary shares are held by a small number of existing shareholders and 

our articles of association provide for a staggered board, which may hinder change of control. 

Moked Ituran Ltd. currently beneficially owns approximately 19.87% of our outstanding ordinary shares (not 
including treasury stock held by us). Other than applicable regulatory requirements under applicable law, Moked Ituran 
Ltd., is not prohibited from selling an interest in our company to a third party. In addition, our articles of association 
provide for a staggered board which may delay, prevent or deter a change in control. For additional information 
concerning our staggered board, see Item 6.A – Directors and Senior Management. 

U.S. investors in our company could suffer adverse tax consequences if we are characterized as a passive 

foreign investment company. 

If, for any taxable year, our passive income or our assets that produce passive income exceed levels established by 

the Internal Revenue Code, we may be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, which we refer to as 
PFIC, for US federal income tax purposes. This characterization could result in adverse US tax consequences to our 
shareholders who are U.S. Holders. See Item 10.E. – “Taxation” under the caption “United States Tax Considerations” 
below, for more information about which shareholders may qualify as U.S. Holders. If we were classified as a PFIC, a 
U.S. Holder could be subject to increased tax liability upon the sale or other disposition of our ordinary shares or upon 
the receipt of amounts treated as “excess distributions.” Under such rules, the excess distribution and any gain would be 
allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares and the amount allocated to the current 
taxable year and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary 
income. The amount allocated to each of the other taxable years would be subject to tax at the highest marginal rate in 
effect for the applicable class of taxpayer for that year, and an interest charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be 
imposed on the resulting tax allocated to such other taxable years. In addition, U.S holders of shares in a PFIC may not 
receive a “step-up” in basis on shares acquired from a decedent. U.S. Holders should consult with their own U.S. tax 
advisors with respect to the United States tax consequences of investing in our ordinary shares as well as the specific 
application of the “excess distribution” and other rules discussed in this paragraph. For a discussion of how we might be 
characterized as a PFIC and related tax consequences, please see Item 10.E. – “Taxation” under the caption “United 
States Tax Considerations–Passive foreign investment company considerations”. 

11 

  
 
Securities we issue to fund our operations or in connection with acquisitions could dilute our shareholders 

ownership or impact the value of our ordinary shares. 

We may decide to raise additional funds through a public or private debt or equity financing to fund our operations 
or finance acquisitions. If we issue additional equity securities, the percentage of ownership of our shareholders will be 
reduced and the new equity securities may have rights superior to those of our ordinary shares, which may, in turn, 
adversely affect the value of our ordinary shares. 

Global and local economic downturns could reduce the level of consumer spending and available credit 

within the automobile industry, which could adversely affect demand for our products and services and 
negatively impact our financial results. 

Current and future economic conditions could adversely affect consumer spending in the automobile industry, as 
such spending is often discretionary and may decline during economic downturns when consumers have less disposable 
income. Consequently, changes in general economic conditions resulting in a significant decrease in dealer automobile 
sales or in a tightening of credit in financial markets, such as the 2007 U.S. subprime mortgage crisis and resulting credit 
crunch, could adversely impact our future revenue and earnings. Such decreases could also affect the financial security of 
the automobile dealers and manufactures with whom we do business. The delayed payment from or closure of our larger 
dealer groups could affect our ability to collect on our receivables. Similar effects could result from local economic 
downturns in either one of our main markets of operations, i.e. Israel, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. 
Given the volatile nature of the current market disruption, we may not timely anticipate or manage such existing or new 
risks. Our failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations 
and prospects. 

ITEM 4. 

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY 

A. 

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY 

Our History 

Our legal name is Ituran Location and Control Ltd. and we were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel on 

February 1994 as a subsidiary of Tadiran Ltd., an Israeli-based designer and manufacturer of telecommunications 
equipment, software and defense electronic systems, whose original business purpose was to adapt military-grade 
technologies for the civilian market. 

We are mainly engaged in the area of Telematics services, consisting of stolen vehicle recovery, fleet management 
services, connected cars, UBI, and other tracking services. We also provide telematics products used in connection with 
our Telematics services and various other applications. We currently primarily provide our services as well as sell and 
lease our products in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, Canada and the United States. 

In May 1998, we completed the initial public offering of our ordinary shares in Israel and our ordinary shares began 

trading on the Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange. In September 2005, we publicly offered our ordinary shares in the United 
States. On May 25, 2016 our shares were voluntarily delisted from the Tel Aviv stock exchange, and our ordinary shares 
are currently quoted only on Nasdaq under the symbol “ITRN”. 

On September 13, 2018 we closed the acquisition of 81.3% of the shares of Road Track Holding S.L, (following 

transaction name was changed to Ituran Spain Holdings S.L) a telematics company operating primarily in the Latin 
American region ("RTH Transaction"). 

We paid the shareholders of Road Track Holding S.L $91.7 million for 81.3% of the company valuing the company 

at approximately $113 million. Of this, $75.7 million was paid in cash, through a debt facility provided by Ituran’s 
lending bank. An additional $12 million was paid in our shares (373,489 shares). The remaining $4 million was paid out 
of the company’s equity as a bonus over the coming three years to the senior management of Road Track Holding S.L 
who remained with us through the end of that period. The above mentioned consideration paid to the sellers was subject 
to downward adjustments depending on the full year 2018 performance of the Road Track business. Based on the 
aforementioned mechanism, during April 2019 an amount of 300,472 shares (approximately valued at $ 11 million) were 
transferred to our ownership. Based on indemnification provisions we were also compensated in an amount of 1.0 
million USD. On September 22, 2021, we closed the acquisition, of the remaining 18.7% shares of Ituran Spain Holdings 
S.L., for a total amount of $11.2 million and therefore completed the full ownership of Ituran Spain Holdings S.L. 

12 

We are subject to the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, 5759-1999. Our principal executive offices are 
located at 3 Hashikma Street, Azour 58001, Israel, and our telephone number is +972-3-557-1333. Our website address 
is www.ituran.com (the information contained therein or linked thereto shall not be considered incorporated by reference 
in this annual report). Our agent for service of process in the United States Ituran USA Inc.1700 NW 64th ST. SUITE 
100 Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33309, and its telephone number is +1 (866) 543-5433. 

Principal Capital Expenditures 

We had capital expenditures of $16.6 million in 2021, $ 10.2 million in 2020 and $18.3 million in 2019. We have 

financed our capital expenditures with cash generated from our operations. 

Our capital expenditures in 2021, 2020 and 2019 consisted primarily of acquisition of operational equipment for $ 

7.0 million, $3.9 million, and $7.1 million respectively. 

B. 

BUSINESS OVERVIEW 

Overview 

We believe we are a leading provider of telematics services, consisting predominantly of stolen vehicle recovery, 
fleet management services and other tracking services as well as connected car and UBI (usage base insurance). We also 
provide telematics products used in connection with our telematics services. We currently primarily provide our services 
and sell and lease our products in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia, United States, Canada and other 
regions through our distributers. We utilize technologies that enable precise and secure high-speed data transmission and 
analysis. Some of the technology underlying our products was originally developed for the Israeli Defense Forces in 
order to locate downed pilots. 

We generate our revenues from subscription fees paid for our telematics services and from the sale and lease of our 

telematics products. 

We describe below the principal markets in which we compete. For a breakdown of total revenues by category of 
activity and geographic market for each of the last three financial years, please see Item 5.A - Operating Results under 
the caption “Revenues”. 

Telematics Services 

In 2021, 70% of our revenues were attributable to our telematics services. As of December 31, 2021, we provided 

our services in Israel, Brazil, and other countries to approximately 653,000, 453,000, and 775,000 subscribers, 
respectively. 

 Following RTH Transaction we have direct agreements with 2 major car manufacturers and our products developed 
by RTH subsidiary are embedded in the cars or otherwise approved by the car manufacturer. This connection requires us 
to stand up for the highest car manufacturer automotive standards. 

Stolen vehicle recovery services 

Our stolen vehicle recovery and tracking services, which we refer to as SVR services, enable us to locate, track and 

recover stolen vehicles for our subscribers. Our customers include individual vehicle owners who subscribe to our 
services directly, car manufacturers and insurance companies that either require their customers to install a security 
system or offer their customers financial incentives to subscribe to SVR services such as ours. In certain countries, 
insurance companies directly subscribe to our SVR services on behalf of their customers. 

Fleet management services 

Our fleet management services enable corporate and individual customers to track and manage their vehicles in real 

time. Our services improve appointment scheduling, route management and fleet usage tracking, thereby increasing 
efficiency and reducing operating costs for our customers. We market and sell our services to a broad range of vehicle 
fleet operators and individual vehicle owners in different geographic locations and industries. As of December 31, 2021, 
we provided our services to approximately 421,000 end-users through 25,000 corporate customers in countries where we 
operate directly and through distributers. 

13 

 
 
Value-added services 

The locator services that we offer allow customers to protect valuable merchandise and equipment. We currently 

provide locator services in Israel, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. In addition, through a call center, 
we provide 24-hour on-demand navigation guidance, information and assistance to our customers. Such services include 
the provision of traffic reports, help with directions and information on the location gas stations, car repair shops, post 
offices, hospitals and other facilities. We offer our concierge services to our subscribers in Israel, Argentina, Ecuador, 
Colombia and Brazil. 

"Connected Car"- The service platform includes a back office application, a telematics device installed in the 
vehicle, mobile apps for both IOS and Android and an interface using the car infotainment screen. Such services include 
information on car service history, information on some car systems, remote communication with the car in order to 
detect malfunctions, and to provide pre-emptive car maintenance alerts for both mechanical failures and operational 
issues such as a low tire pressure alert. The system also enables booking service appointments, both from the 
infotainment system interface in the system and from the user's mobile app and additional related operational, and 
marketing services, as well as information analysis. ”Connected Car’ is operating in Israel, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, 
Argentina and Ecuador. 

“Usage Based Insurance” (UBI) – we have developed a unique product (hardware and software) that measure and 

analyze the driving behavior in a verity of aspects by the driver, which enables insurance companies to offer a tailor -
made and personalized insurance policy. The UBI has already been implemented and marketed by seven Israeli 
insurance companies and we intend to accelerate its marketing and work with additional insurance companies in year 
2022. 

“Auto Financing” - A strong second-hand car market in many of our geographies in Latin America, and new fintech 
startups as well as the banks enter this segment to provide the financing in this market. However, they need a provider of 
location-based and connected-car technology, such as Ituran, to monitor the car location and driver’s behavior and 
thereby to decrease the risk of the loan pledged against the car. 

Telematics Products 

In 2021, 30% of our revenues were attributable to the sale of our telematics products. Our telematics products 

employ short - and medium-range communication between two-way wireless modems and are used for various 
applications, including automatic vehicle location, which we refer to as telematics products. 

Our telematics products enable the location and tracking of vehicles, as well as assets, and are used by us primarily 

to provide Telematics services as described above to our customers. Each subscriber to our services has our telematics 
end-unit installed in his or her vehicle. Subscribers to services for locating equipment and merchandise will use our 
SMART and GPS/GPRS products. 

Our Services and Products 

Telematics services 

Stolen vehicle recovery 

Our stolen vehicle recovery system is based on three main components: a telematics end-unit that is installed in 
the vehicle, a network of base stations and a 24-hour manned control center. Once the control center receives indication 
of an unauthorized entry into a vehicle equipped with our telematics end-unit, our operators decide whether it is a false 
alarm or an actual unauthorized entry. If it is determined to be an unauthorized entry, or if a notification of the vehicle’s 
theft is received directly from the vehicle operator, our operators transmit a signal that activates the transmitter installed 
in the vehicle. We then pinpoint the location of the transmitter with terrestrial network triangulation technology or GPRS 
technology and notify the relevant law enforcement agency. In Israel, Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina, 
we also maintain private enforcement units, which work together with local police to recover the vehicle. In addition, we 
have the capability to immobilize vehicles remotely from our control centers. 

Fleet management 

We offer our customers the ability to use a comprehensive application for fleet management both by using an 

Internet site and workstations. Our system allows our customers 24-hour access to information on their fleets through our 
active control center and we are able to tailor our system to our customers’ specific needs. 

14 

Our solutions allow our subscribers to effectively manage and control their fleet, and thereby to reduce their 

operating costs, optimize work hours and appointment scheduling and improve their services and operations. Our system 
includes the following features: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the ability to locate the fleet’s vehicles; 

continuous data communication with the fleet’s vehicles; 

real-time vehicle status indicators: speed, distance driven, direction of travel, driver name, motion 
start/stop, engine start/stop, speeding, diagnostic alerts, driver behavior and more; 

recording of determined events and analysis of data over time to improve driving and vehicle use; 

remote monitoring and processing of data, such as temperature control in refrigerated or chilled 
compartments, time stamp, tire pressure and heat and other complementary data; 

connection to standard organization systems; 

accident notification; 

task management optimization. 

Value-added services 

Locator services. Our services allow consumers to protect valuable merchandise and equipment. We provide 

our locator services in Israel, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. 

Concierge services. Through a call center, we provide 24-hour on-demand navigation guidance, information 

and assistance to our customers. Such services include the provision of traffic reports, help with directions and 
information on the location of gas stations, car repair shops, post offices, hospitals and other facilities. We provide our 
concierge services to subscribers in Argentina, Ecuador, Colombia and Israel. 

“UBI” and "Connected Car". We provide UBI services in Israel through seven insurance companies, and 

Connected Car services in Israel, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Argentina and Ecuador. For additional information on the 
service, see Item 4.B. – “Information on the Company “ - “Business Overview” under the caption “Telematics Services” 

Telematics products 

Our telematics products are used for various applications in the telematics markets and primarily in connection 

with our telematics services described above. 

Our telematics products enable the location and tracking of vehicles, as well as assets or persons, and are 

primarily used by us in providing our telematics services. Each subscriber to our services has at least one of our end-
units installed in his or her vehicle. Subscribers to services for locating persons or valuables will use our SMART and 
GPS/GPRS products. Our key telematics products for telematics applications include: 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

Base Site: a radio receiver, which includes a processor and a data computation unit to collect and send data to 
and from transponders and send that data to control centers as part of the terrestrial infrastructure of the location 
system; 

Control Center: a center consisting of software used to collect data from various base sites, conduct location 
calculations and transmit location data to various customers and law enforcement agencies; 

GPS/GPRS-based products: navigation and tracking devices installed in vehicles; and 

SMART: a portable transmitter installed in vehicles (including motorcycles) that sends a signal to the base site, 
enabling the location of vehicles, equipment or an individual; 

15 

 
 
Geographical Information 

The following table lists the key services and products that we currently sell or lease in different regions of the world: 

Country 
Israel 

   Services offered 
   SVR, 

   Products sold 
   Telematics Products 

Fleet Management, 
Value-added services, including: 
Connected Car, 
UBI 

Brazil, Argentina, 
Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia 

   SVR, 

Fleet Management, 

   Telematics Products 

United States 

   Value-added services, including: 

Connected Car 

   SVR, 
   Fleet Management, 
   Value-added services, including: 
Asset protection to Auto Lenders 

   Telematics Products 

In each of the above countries we maintain a control center, which is operated 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. The 
following is a short description of key operating statistics about our telematics services in the countries in which we 
operate (including through RTH subsidiaries): 

■ 

 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

■ 

Israel: We commenced operations in Israel in 1995 and we had approximately 653,000 subscribers as of 
December 31, 2021. The operations in Israel were expended through M& A transactions with local companies 
(following the RTH Transaction) as well as organic growth. We operate throughout Israel in providing services 
through GPS/GPRS and RF based products and services. 

Brazil: We commenced operations in Brazil in 2000 and we had approximately 453,000 subscribers as of 
December 31, 2021. The operations were expended through M& A transactions with local companies 
(following the RTH Transaction) as well as organic growth. We currently provide RF based products and 
services only in the metropolitan areas of Sao Paulo, Campinas, Americans and Rio de Janeiro. However, we 
operate throughout Brazil in providing GPS/GPRS based products and services. 

Argentina: We commenced operations in Argentina in 2002. We currently provide RF based products and 
services only in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. However, we also operate throughout Argentina in 
providing GPS/GPRS based products and services. 

United States: We commenced operations in the United States in 2000. We provide GPS/GPRS products and 
services throughout the United States. 

Mexico: We acquired the operations in Mexico in September 2018 as part of the RTH Transaction. We 
currently provide GPS/GPRS based products and services. 

Ecuador: We acquired the operations in Ecuador in September 2018 as part of the RTH Transaction. We 
currently provide GPS/GPRS based products and services. 

Colombia: We acquired the operations in Colombia in September 2018 as part of the RTH Transaction. We 
currently provide GPS/GPRS based products and services. 

In all of the abovementioned countries (except of Israel and Brazil), and others, we had approximately 775,000 
subscribers as of December 31, 2021. 

Customers, Marketing and Sales 

We market and sell our products and services to a broad range of customers that vary in size, geographic 
location and industry. In 2019 one of our customers comprised 15.8% of our total annual revenues. In 2020 and 2021 no 
single customer or group of related customers comprised more than 10% of our total annual revenues. 

16 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Our selling and marketing objective is to achieve broad market penetration through targeted marketing and sales 

activities. As of December 31, 2021, our selling and marketing team consisted of 84 employees. 

(A) Telematics services 

Stolen vehicle recovery 

Our customers in the SVR market include insurance companies, car manufactures and individual vehicle 

owners. As of December 31, 2021, majority of our subscribers use SVR services. 

Our marketing and sales efforts are principally focused on five target groups: insurance companies and agents, 

car manufacturers, dealers and importers, cooperative sales channels (mostly vehicle fleet operators and owners) and 
private subscribers. 

We maintain marketing and sales departments in each geographical market in which we operate. Each 
department is responsible for maintaining our relationships with our principal target groups. These responsibilities also 
include advertising and branding, sales promotions and sweepstakes. 

In Israel, we focus our marketing efforts on insurance companies and agents, dealers and importers, cooperative 

sales channels (mostly vehicle fleet operators and owners) and private subscribers. In Brazil and Argentina our 
marketing and sales efforts are principally focused in all five target groups, as described above. In the United States, we 
believe that insurance companies do not constitute a material influence in the marketing of SVR services or telematics 
products. Most of our sales in the United States are made through car dealerships and dealers for new or used cars and 
cooperative sales channels (mostly vehicle fleet operators and owners). In Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador we focus our 
marketing efforts on dealers and importers, cooperative sales channels (mostly vehicle fleet operators and owners), 
private subscribers and car manufactures. 

Fleet management 

Vehicle fleet management systems are primarily marketed through vehicle fleets’ departments, which form a 

part of our regional marketing departments. We conduct in-depth research to identify companies that will gain efficiency 
and cost savings through the implementation of our products and services and conduct targeted marketing campaigns to 
these companies. In addition, we participate in professional conventions and advertise in professional publications and 
journals designed for our target customers. Our customers in the fleet management market include small-, mid- and 
large-size enterprises and individuals. As of December 31, 2021, we provided our services to approximately 421,000 end 
users through 25,000 corporate customers and individuals in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, United States, Mexico, Colombia, 
Ecuador and through distributers in other regions. 

Value-added services 

“Concierge Services” - Our concierge services are provided to existing SVR customers. A few thousands 

SMART devices were installed in valuable merchandise and equipment. 

"Connected Car"- The service platform includes a back-office application, a telematics device installed in the 

vehicle, mobile apps for both IOS and Android and an interface using the car infotainment screen. Such services include 
information on car service history, information on some car systems, remote communication with the car in order to 
detect malfunctions, and to provide pre-emptive car maintenance alerts for both mechanical failures and operational 
issues such as a low tire pressure alert. The system also enables booking service appointments, both from the 
infotainment system interface in the system and from the user's mobile app, and additional related operational, and 
marketing services, as well as information analysis.” Connected Car’ is operating in Israel, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, 
Argentina and Ecuador. As of December 31, 2021 we had 472,000 subscribers. 

“Usage Based Insurance (UBI)" – we have developed a unique product (hardware and software) that measure 

and analyze the driving behavior in a verity of aspects by the driver, which enables insurance companies to offer a tailor 
-made and personalized insurance policy. The UBI has already been implemented and marketed by Seven Israeli 
insurance companies and we intend to accelerate its marketing and work with additional insurance companies in year 
2022. 

(B) Telematics products 

Our telematics end-units are primarily used by us in providing our telematics services, including, SVR, fleet 

management, "Connected Car" and value-added services, at the regions we operate. 

17 

Competition 

We face strong competition for our services and products in each market in which we operate. We compete 

primarily on technology edge, functionality, ease of use, quality, price, service availability, geographic coverage, track 
record of recovery rates and response times and financial strength. 

(A) Telematics services 

We compete with a variety of companies in each of our markets. The three major technologies utilized by our 

competitors are GPS/cellular, network-based cellular and radio frequency-based homing systems. In addition, new 
competitors utilizing other technologies may continue to enter the market. 

Stolen vehicle recovery 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Israel. Our primary competitors in Israel are Pointer and Skylock Ltd. 

Brazil. Brazil is a highly fragmented market with many companies selling competing products and services 
(including immobilizers and other less-sophisticated vehicle security systems). Our main competitors in Brazil 
are Sascar, Zatix, CEABS, Car Systems, Sat-Company, 3S. 

Argentina. Argentina is a highly fragmented market with many companies selling competing products and 
services (including immobilizers and other less-sophisticated vehicle security systems). Our main competitors in 
Argentina are LoJack Corporation, Pointer Argentina S.A., Prosegur S.A. and Megatrans S.A. 

United States. In the United States, there are several major companies offering various theft protection and 
recovery products that compete with our product and service offerings, including LoJack Corporation, OnStar 
Corporation, Advantage GPS/Procon Analytics, Sarekon GPS, Calamp, Spireon (which also includes SysLocate 
and GoldStar), PassTime, Guide Point, Icon and I-Metrik SVR. 

Colombia. Colombia is a highly fragmented market. Main companies operate under the satellite/cellular 
infrastructure. Our main competitors are LoJack Corporation (under Detekor Brand), Prosegur, SATRACK 
(Local Company). 

Mexico. Mexico is a highly fragmented market in tracking and satellite location services, in which there are 
multiple companies dedicated to providing comprehensive satellite tracking, fleet management and vehicle 
recovery solutions with GPS technology through the marketing of similar devices and technologies to ours, 
highly specialized in fleet management. The direct competitors are LoJack Corporation, Encontrack S.A. and 
Pointer Recuperación S.A. 

Ecuador. Ecuador is highly fragmented market.  Main companies operate under the satellite/cellular 
infrastructure. Our main competitors are Hunter (Lojack Corporation),Tracklink and Carsync. 

We believe that we are a leading provider of telematics services in Israel, as we are deemed a monopoly in this field; 
however, we are unable to provide specific market share information in the markets of our operations for various 
reasons, including the broad range of services and products that compete in these markets, the non-existence of trade 
publications with respect to the products and services we offer in such markets and the lack of meaningful or accurate 
market research or data available to us. 

Fleet Management 

The vehicle fleet management market is highly fragmented with many corporations offering location products 

and services. Our major competitors are: 

• 

Israel: Pointer, ISR, Traffilog and Skylock; 

•  United States: GPS Insight, Trimble, Network Fleet, Street Eagle, FleetMatics, Navtrack, Teletrac, Trim 
Track, FleetBoss, PassTime, Verizon, AT&T, Geotab, Fleet-Complete,Sprint, Zubie, and Spireon; 

•  Brazil: Sascar, Zatix, CEABS, 3S and GolSat; 

•  Argentina: LoJack Corporation, Megatrans SA., Sitrac S.A., American Tracer, Ubicar S.A.,Sky Cop. and 

Prosegur S.A; 

18 

•  Mexico: LoJack Corporation, Encotrack, Easytrack, Geotab and Tracker; 

•  Ecuador: Hunter (LoJack Corporation), Tracklink, Carsync and Sherlock; 

•  Colombia: Satrack,  Detector and Prosegur. 

(B) Telematics products 

Our telematics system for automatic vehicle location is based on terrestrial network triangulation 

technology and GPS/GPRS and primarily competes with companies that use one of three main technologies: GPS/GPRS 
(in combination with telematics), network-based cellular communication and radio frequency-based homing. 

Telematics products based on GPS, network-based cellular and homing technologies do not require the 

construction of a separate infrastructure of base stations as with terrestrial network triangulation systems. 

 GPS receivers require line of sight to at least three satellites, which reduces their effectiveness in areas where 

the satellite signals are subject to interference and “noise” (such as urban areas, buildings or parking garages, forests and 
other enclosed or underground spaces). GPS and network-based cellular systems are also prone to jamming since the 
tracking signal receivers are located in the vehicle and can be easily tampered with. In addition, the satellites utilized by 
GPS devices are managed by the United States Department of Defense and can be subject to forced temporary outages. 
The main disadvantage of homing systems is that they provide only the general direction and not the precise location of 
the end-unit. In addition, homing systems require that the vehicle be reported stolen before the tracking signal can be 
activated, which may result in a delay between vehicle theft and recovery. 

The GPS technology can receive and transmit a massive capacity of data which enable us to provide a better 

data analysis and variety of additional services. 

Terrestrial network triangulation system does not require line of sight and the signals are not easily interrupted 
in densely populated or obstructed areas. Also, the signals are transmitted from the end-unit in the vehicle to a network 
of base stations. Therefore, in order to jam the system, receivers in each individual base station within range of the end-
unit would have to be jammed, which is difficult to accomplish. Additionally, since the primary application of terrestrial 
network triangulation systems in the telematics industry is vehicle location and not continuous two-way communication, 
short bursts of data are sufficient for tracking purposes, which enable the network of base stations to be deployed at a 
much  lower  density  in  the  coverage  area  than  traditional  network-based  cellular  base  stations.  Terrestrial  network 
triangulation systems are capable of determining the precise location, and not just the general direction, of a vehicle at 
any  moment  in  time.  Furthermore,  when  connected  with  the  existing  theft  protection  system  in  the  vehicle,  terrestrial 
network triangulation systems automatically alert the control center when a vehicle is stolen and do not require that the 
vehicle  be  reported  stolen,  which  can  potentially  reduce  stolen  vehicle  recovery  times  to  a  few  minutes.  The  main 
disadvantage  of terrestrial  network  triangulation  systems  is  the necessity  to  deploy  a  physical  infrastructure,  including 
the construction, development and deployment of a network of base stations and a control center and the need to address 
the  various  financial,  legal  and  practical  issues  associated  with  such  deployment.  Any  such  deployment  entails  an 
investment of a sizable amount of money prior to the receipt of any revenues. 

Since our telematics end-units are primarily used by us in providing our telematics services, the information 
provided above concerning our competition in this market is applicable to the competition in the telematics products’ 
market as well. 

Manufacturing Operations and Suppliers 

Our telematics products are manufactured and assembled by a limited number of manufacturers in Israel 

(including our subsidiary E.R.M) and in China. We engage with our manufacturers on a full turn-key basis, where we 
supply detailed production files and materials list and receive a final product that we sell directly to our clients. Other 
than our dependency on manufacturing suppliers, as described in Item 3D.  -“Risk Factors” above, we do not depend on 
a single manufacturer for the production of our products. Our quality assurance and testing operations are performed by 
our manufacturers at their facilities, while using our quality assurance and testing equipment and in accordance with the 
test procedures designated by us. We monitor quality with respect to key stages of the production process, including the 
selection of components and subassembly suppliers, warehouse procedures, assembly of goods, final testing, packaging 
and shipping. We are ISO 9001 certified. Some of our products are within the highest car manufacture automotive 
standard. We believe that our quality assurance procedures have been instrumental in achieving the high degree of 
reliability of our products. Due to the recent shortage of several components, prices of several components accelerated, 
although’ the impact on our total purchase cost was immaterial, 

19 

Several components and subassemblies included in our products are presently obtainable from a single source or 

a limited group of suppliers and subcontractors. We maintain strong relationships with our manufacturers and suppliers 
to ensure that we receive an adequate supply of products, components and raw materials at favorable prices and to access 
their latest technologies and product specifications. 

Proprietary Rights 

We seek to protect our intellectual property through patents, trademarks, contractual rights, trade secrets, know-

how, technical measures and confidentiality, non-disclosure and assignment of inventions agreements and other 
appropriate protective measures to protect our proprietary rights in the primary markets in which we operate. The 
continued use of some licenses granted by third parties to use their intellectual property is material to our business. 
Please refer to Item 3D. – Risk Factors, under the caption “We rely on some intellectual property that we license from 
third parties, the loss of which could preclude us from providing our SVR services or market and sell some of our 
telematics products, which would adversely affect our revenues” above. 

We typically enter into non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants. We 

also seek these protective agreements from some of our suppliers and subcontractors who have access to sensitive 
information regarding our intellectual property. These agreements provide that confidential information developed or 
made known during the course of a relationship with us is to be kept confidential and not disclosed to third parties, 
except in specific circumstances. 

Our stolen vehicle recovery system is based on three main components: (i) a telematics end-unit that is installed 

in the vehicle, (ii) (for RF technology based telematics units) a network of base stations that relay information between 
the vehicle location units and the control center, certain components of which were developed by third parties and are 
currently licensed to us and (iii) a 24-hour manned control center consisting of software used to manage communications 
and the exchange of information among the hardware components of the telematics system, certain components of which 
were developed by third parties and licensed to us. 

“Ituran” and “Mr. Big” and the related logos are our trademarks, the former has been registered in Israel, Hong 
Kong and as a European Union and the latter has been registered in Israel. “Mapa” trademark and its related logos where 
sold as part of the sale of Mapa to an unrelated party to us. 

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Practices 

As a global brand with material social and economic influence, we recognize that our success can only be built 

alongside the success of our stakeholders, including, our users, partners, and employees. We aim to achieve high ESG 
standards while continuing to develop our business and executing on our strategy. 

We conduct our business activities and develop policies based on a firm commitment to ethical practices and 

corporate governance best practices. This includes the “code of business conduct and ethics” and anti-bribery/corruption 
area where we have a policy of zero tolerance for corruption. This also includes a “Whistle Blower” procedure whose 
purpose is to dissuade and to prevent illegal activity and conduct of business that may harm our good reputation. Our 
code of business conduct and ethics, and the Whistle Blower procedure are published in our website. 

We promote and support fair social and economic opportunities in the professional services global market. We 
recognize that there are systemic and cultural biases, caused by age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion, 
or ability, and we know these biases can reduce the accessibility to opportunities on a global scale. It is our mission to 
reduce these accessibility gaps worldwide through our services, the programs we support, and the partners with whom 
we work. We invest resources into data privacy and how we can protect our users by, among other things, building key 
infrastructures and policies to safeguard the data on our platform and the privacy of our users. 

We advance fairness and transparency in our workforce and we promote and implement fair labor practices and 

employees' human rights throughout our organization. We respect data privacy relating to our employees. We act to 
prevent sexual harassment and workplace bullying. We also implement non-discriminatory hiring and promotion 
practices and actively pursue gender diversity in our workforce. 

We value and celebrate diversity within our community. Our work environment seeks to foster an inclusive 

culture, where our employees feel challenged and in possession of the tools to thrive at work. We are continuously 
learning and looking at ways to continue to create an environment that is an inclusive place of work. Furthermore, we 
recognize the importance of environmental matters. 

20 

In addition, we also have an “environmental policy”. This policy sets goals in terms of preserving the 
environment, raising employees awareness and developing and promotion products that will help our customers to save 
fuel and as a result to reduce waste, air pollution and gas emissions greenhouse. We also adopted a “Code of conduct of 
Ituran's Suppliers and Agents” which sets high standards in choosing our suppliers, In terms of business honestly, 
ethically and quality drive. Our environmental policy and the Code of conduct of Ituran's Suppliers and Agents our both 
published in our website. 

 Regulatory Environment 

In order to provide our SVR services in the locations where we currently operate, we need to obtain four 

primary types of licenses and permits: (i) for our products utilizing the RF technology - a license that allows us to use 
designated frequencies for broadcasting, transmission or reception of signals and information and to provide 
telecommunication services to our customers, (ii) for our products utilizing the RF technology - a building permit, which 
permits us to erect our base sites and transmit therefrom, (iii) product specific licenses (commonly known as type 
approvals), which enable us to use the equipment necessary for our services, and (iv) a general commerce license, which 
allows us to offer our services to the public. 

The telecommunication services and frequency license and general commerce licenses we require are granted 

by the applicable national agency regulating communications in the markets in which we operate, specifically, the 
Ministry of Communication, in Israel, Anatel. Agencia Nacional de Telecomunicatoes in Brazil. Modernization Ministry 
in Argentina and the Federal Communications Commission in USA. The product specific licenses we require are granted 
in Israel by the Ministry of Communication, in Brazil by IBRACE (the Instituto Brasileiro de Certificatao de Productos 
para Telecominicatoes), in Argentina by the Autoridad Federal de Tecnologias de la Información y las Comunicaciones, 
in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission, and Ministry of Information Technology and 
Communications and Regulatory Communications Commission in Colombia. In Mexico, the regulatory authority is the 
Federal Telecommunications Commission, however, because of the type of services we provide, we are not obligated 
entities; In Ecuador's case, the regulatory body is the Telecommunications Regulatory and Control Agency, however, we 
are not subject to either. 

In Brazil, the general commerce licenses, such as the city permits, are granted by the local municipalities and 

other specific entities, depending on the licenses required. 

Our frequency licenses in all of the locations where we operate are “secondary” or “joint”, which means that the 
government may grant another person or persons, typically a cellular operator, a primary license to the same frequencies 
and, to the extent our operations interfere with the operations of the other person, we would have to modify our 
operations to accommodate the joint use of the frequencies. All of these licenses are also subject to revocation, alteration 
or limitation by the respective authority granting them. While any events that would cause us to change frequencies or to 
modify our operations could have a material adverse effect on us, we do not believe that this is a likely event in any of 
the locations where we provide our SVR services. 

Our frequency license in Israel was renewed for a term of five (5) years until January 31, 2023. Our frequency 

licenses in Brazil will expire in 2034. Except in Brazil, we have options to extend all of our frequency licenses for 
periods ranging from three- to ten-years. A renewal application in Brazil will be submitted 6 months before the 
frequency license expiration date, to provide us a new license for a period of ten (10) years. In Argentina, on July 15, 
1999, the SECOM (Secretary of Communication dependent of Economy Ministry) granted us a license to provide 
services in a Secondary Band. On December 2015, SECOM was converted into the Modernization Ministry, with 
ENACOM (National Communication Entity) which is a decentralized entity that works within the scope of the 
Modernization Ministry. 

Nevertheless, our frequency is still authorized, there is a new entrant with ENACOM Authorization to provide 

LTE service. If this entrant starts the activity, we will face an incompatibility situation. We received the authorization 
from ENACOM to use a 12-month trial in Band 8 902-905/947-950 MHz bands additionally to our current frequencies. 
During this period, we will perform a test to obtain a definitive authorization. Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic we have 
not managed an extension to the trial period so as not to compromise future network development. We have decided to 
wait for a formal request from ENACOM to start again with this trail. 

On December 9, 2016, we were informed that one of the cellular providers in Argentina, which shares some of 

our frequencies, intends to implement on them 4G cellular service. Such service may cause Interference that may impede 
the provision of our SVR service in Argentina. We are negotiating with ENACOM to define new frequency which we 
will migrate into. Subject to the applicable laws, and ENACOM decision, the migration process may take few years, and 
will be determined by ENACOM. 

21 

In Israel and Brazil, like our competitors and most cellular operators, we are not in compliance with all relevant 

laws and regulations in connection with the erection of transmission antennas (our base sites). As of the date hereof, 
most of our base sites in Israel and Brazil are operating without local building permits. Currently, there is heightened 
awareness of this issue in Israel, particularly in connection with base sites of cellular providers, and possible sanctions 
could include fines and even the closure or demolition of these base sites. In Brazil, Brazilian authorities enforce permit 
requirements and impose penalties for non-compliance with such requirements. However, we do not believe this is 
likely. Obtaining such required permits may involve additional fees as well as payments to the Land Administration 
Authority. 

In Israel the required permits and approvals for the erection of the base sites include: 

erection and operating permits from the Israeli Ministry of the Environment; 

permits from the Israeli Civil Aviation Authority, in certain cases; 

permits from the Israeli Defense Forces; 

approval from Israel’s Land Administration and/or from Civil Administration in the Territories, which usually 
also involves payment for the land use rights; and 

building permits from local or regional zoning authorities in Israel and Brazil. 

 

 

 

 

 

We are continuously in the process of obtaining the relevant permits required for the construction of our base 

sites in Israel, however, to date, we have been issued only 15 of these permits (13 of them have expired). With respect to 
the general permit from Israel’s Land Administration, in 2005 we entered into an agreement with the Israel’s Land 
Administration, pursuant to which the general permit has been issued to us against an annual consideration based on the 
date of approval of our base sites. The agreement had expired on December 31, 2010. In the event that the Israel Land 
Administration claims consideration for the building of the base sites without a permit, we may be subject to penalties 
and payment of annual consideration for the years of use of those base sites. 

In Brazil, very few providers of wireless telecommunications services obtain the required permits for the 
erection of transmission antennas due to the nature of the approval process. Currently we do not have such permits 
(except Anatel permits). In Brazil, we try to minimize our risk by locating most of our equipment in sub-leased sites 
which are already used by other telecommunication service providers, such as cellular operators. 

In Brazil the required permits for the building of our base sites include: 

• 

• 

a permit from Anatel (National Agency for Telecommunication) 

a permit from IBAMA (Environment national agency) and/or state EPAs 

•  Municipal permits 

• 

• 

a permit from the fire department; and a 

permit from COMAR (Aviation authorities) 

ANATEL permits are required only for sites where we have transmission equipment and we have obtained all 

the permits required with this agency. Special IBAMA permits need to be obtained only for ground sites which are 
located in certain preservation areas. We have few sites of this kind, most of them are collocated sites where we pay for 
the right of use and permits are undertaken by the landowner. Fire Department permits are required only for equipment 
rooms and we have not applied for any as of this date. COMAR permits are needed only for a very few of our sites, most 
of which are collocated. 

In Argentina, the installation of an antenna support structure requires the authorization of the owner of the 

building or the land in which it is intended to be install. The Municipalities regulate through specific Municipal 
Ordinances are granting urban licenses for our base stations’ installation. 

The regulation referred to the civil work of the support structure of the antenna, (masts / towers / anchors / 

bracing, etc.) is not the competence of ENACOM (National Communication Entity), so it cannot exercise jurisdiction 
over it. This situation is determined in articles 39, 40 and 41 of the National Law 19798/72, and in Resolution No. 795 
CNT / 92, ratified by Resolution 302 SC / 99. Therefore, the claims and queries related to the installation, the 
deterioration or poor conditions or related to the support structures, should be addressed to the municipalities. It should 
be noted that the owner of a station in operation assumes responsibility for the works and accessory facilities that must 

22 

be executed to install a radio station, attributing the technical responsibility of a civil work, to the designer and the 
director of the same, being this situation framed in what is established in articles 1273 and following of the Civil and 
Commercial Code of the Nation. 

We are not in compliance with all relevant laws and regulations in connection with the erection of antennas; 

some of them in the past were closure by Municipalities. As of the date hereof, most of our base sites operating without 
local Municipality permits, possible sanctions could include fines and even the closure of those sites. In Argentina 
authorities enforce permit requirements and impose penalties for non-compliance with such requirements. Obtaining 
such required permits may involve additional fees as well as payments to Municipality Authority. 

We have been declared a monopoly under the Israeli Antitrust Law, 1988, in the provision of systems for the 
location of vehicles in Israel. This law prohibits a monopoly from abusing its market position in a manner that might 
reduce competition in the market or negatively affect the public. For instance, a monopoly is prohibited from engaging in 
predatory pricing and providing loyalty discounts, which prohibitions do not apply to other companies. The law 
empowers the Commissioner of Competition to instruct a monopoly abusing its market power to perform certain acts or 
to refrain from taking certain acts in order to prevent the abuse. Additionally, any declaration by the Israeli Competition 
authority that a monopoly has abused its position in the market may serve in any suit in which it is claimed that such a 
monopoly engages in anti-competitive conduct, as prima facie evidence that it has engaged in anti-competitive behavior. 
Our declaration as a monopoly in the market of “provision of systems for the location of vehicles in Israel” was not 
accompanied with any instructions or special restrictions beyond the provisions of The Economic Competition Law. 
Although we may be ordered to take or refrain from taking certain actions, to date we have not been subject to such 
restrictions. 

In Colombia we have to pay 2.2% on the annual gross income generated by the provision of our services to the 

Ministry of Information Technologies and Communications (MINTIC) for use of telecommunication spectrum 
(resolution 0290 MINTIC) and 0.1% to Commission Regulatory of Communications (CRC) in the same terms 
(resolution 5807 CRC). 

In Ecuador and Mexico there are no levies imposed on our activities. 

Other Investments 

As part of our ongoing business we are engaged and encountered by many potential investment which may have 

correlation to our core business. The following are the main investments we have consummated during last seven years. 

Bringg - On December 2013 the Company invested $1.4 million in Bringg delivery technologies Ltd. (formerly 
Overvyoo  Ltd.),  an  Israeli  start-up  company  developing  solutions  for  the  management  of  mobile/field  workforce.  On 
January  and  July,  2015,  we  invested  additional  amounts  of  $1.1  million  and  US$  2  million,  respectively.  During  the 
years 2015 - 2020, additional investors, which are not related to us, invested in Bringg a total amount of approximately 
$80 million, which reduced our capital share in Bringg. During 2021, Bringg, raised an additional $100 million, which 
sets Bringg’s valuation at $1 billion. Following such investment, we now hold 16.9% of Bringg’s share capital. 

SaverOne Ltd - On March 2017, we invested an amount of $0.9 million in SaverOne 2014 Ltd., an Israeli start-

up company developing a system that aims to reduce the occurrence of road accidents by preventing the use of 
distracting mobile apps while driving (The system prevents the driver from using texting applications while the vehicle is 
in motion, leaving other passengers unaffected). 

During the years 2017 – 2021 we invested additional amount of approximately $0.8 million. 

On June 2020 SaverOne have consummated public registration on the Israeli Stock Market (“TASE”) and thus 
its  shares  became  equity  investment  with  readily  determinable  fair  value.  We  now  hold  approximately  9.7%  of 
SaverOne’s share capital. 

As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of our investment in SaverOne is approximately US$ 4.3 million. 

On December 29, 2021, SaverOne filed with the SEC a confidential submission of Form F-1. 

C. 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 

In July 1995, Moked Ituran Ltd. purchased our company and the assets used in connection with its operations 

from Tadiran and Tadiran Public Offerings Ltd. In September 2018, we acquired a majority of the shares of Road Track, 
a telematics company operating primarily in the Latin American region. 

23 

List of Significant Subsidiaries 

Name of Subsidiary 

Country of 
Incorporation 

Proportion of 
Ownership 
Interest 

Ituran USA Holdings Inc............................................................................    
Ituran USA Inc ...........................................................................................    
Ituran de Argentina S.A .............................................................................    
Ituran Sistemas de Monitoramento Ltda ....................................................    
Ituran Instalacoes Ltda ...............................................................................    
Teleran Holding Ltda .................................................................................    
Ituran servicos Ltda ....................................................................................    
E.R.M. Electronic Systems Limited ...........................................................    
Mapa Mapping & Publishing Ltd ...............................................................    
Ituran Spain Holding S.L ...........................................................................    
Ituran Road Track Monitaramento de Veiculos LTDA ..............................    
Ituran Road Track Argentina, S.A..............................................................    
Global Telematics Solutions HK, Limited .................................................    
Road Track De Colombia S.A.S ................................................................    
Road Track Ecuador, S.A. ..........................................................................    
Road Track Mexico S.A. De C.V ...............................................................    
Road Track HK Telematics Limited ..........................................................    
E.D.T.E – Drive Technology Ltd ...............................................................    
Ituran Tech Ltd ...........................................................................................    

D. 

PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT 

USA 
USA 
Argentina 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Israel 
Israel 
Spain 
Brazil 
Argentina 
Hong Kong 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Mexico 
Hong Kong 
Israel 
Israel 

100% 
85.80% 
100% 
98.75% 
98.75% 
99.99% 
98.75% 
49.5%1 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
99.99% 

As of the date of this report, we don’t own any real estate other than the following properties: An office building 

of 8 floors in the area of approximately 5,356 sqm (57,651 square feet), which was purchased by our subsidiary Ituran 
Sistemas de Monitoramento Ltda (Ituran Brazil) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and was later, on December 3, 2014 sold to us, A 
building located in Rua Joao pessoa 450, Sao Caetano do Sul, Estado de Sao Paulo in Sao Paulo, Brazil in the area of 
approximately 36,936 square feet which was purchased by our subsidiary Ituran Road Track Monitoramento de 
Veiculos, Ltda which serve as an Operating center, A building located in Avenida del Taller No.36 Col. Transito in 
Mexico in the area of approximately 21,132 square feet which was purchased by our subsidiary Road Track Mexico, S.A 
de C.V which serve as an Operating center, a building located in Manuel Najas Oel 81 and Juan de Selis in Quito, 
Ecuador in the area of approximately 23,875 square feet which was purchased by our subsidiary Road Track Ecuador, 
S.A which serve as an Operating center, and a building located in Keren Ha' Yesod 15, Tirat Ha'Carmel, Israel at the area 
of approximately 5,025 square feet which was purchased by our subsidiary E.D.T.E – Drive Technology Ltd which serve 
as an office space and a warehouse. 

Other than the property in Brazil, Ecuador and Mexico and Israel, all of our offices, headquarters, control 

centers and facilities are leased in accordance with our specific needs in the areas in which we operate. Additionally, we 
lease space for our base sites, in order to operate the reception and transmission stations of the system, in each area in 
which we provide our SVR services. 

In 2021 we leased an aggregate of approximately 61,876 square feet of office space in Azour and Holon, Israel. 

In 2021, the annual lease payments for these facilities were approximately $1,292,000. The initial term of the primary 
lease (in Azour) expired on March 31, 2013; and we renewed the lease until April 2022. The lease is expected to be 
extended for additional 7 years under the same terms. These premises include our executive offices and the 
administrative and operational centers for our operations as well as our customer service, value-added services and 
technical support centers and warehouse for the Israeli market. We also lease 3,000 square feet for a warehouse and 
offices in Tirat Ha’Carmel for $ 62,000 annually. 

In Buenos Aires, Argentina, we lease approximately 8,611 square feet for office space for the total amount of 

AR$12.772.992 ($ 98.253) annually, approximately 1,238 square feet for our control center for AR$ 3.258.000 ($ 
25.061) annually and approximately 2,121 square feet for our warehouse for AR$ 2.040.000 ($ 15,692) annually. 

24 

  
  
  
  
     
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
In Bogota, Colombia, we lease approximately 9,035 square feet for office space and Operating center for the 

amount of $63,049 annually, 

In Mexico City, Mexico, we lease approximately 3,875 square feet for Corporate Office for the amount of $ 

35,000 annually. This was terminated in November 2020. Additionally, we lease a warehouse for the amount of $3,000 
annually. 

We leased approximately 12,916 square feet of office space, stores and warehouse in Brazil for approximately 
264,000 ($48,000) Brazilian Real annually. The lease agreements will expire and will have to be renewed on August 21, 
2026 and December 2024, as applicable to each engagement. 

In  Guayaquil,  Ecuador,  we  lease  approximately  2,459  square  feet  for  Warehouse  for  the  amount  of  $  30,000 
annually.  In  Quito,  Ecuador,  we  lease  approximately  1,014  square  feet  for  Warehouse  for  the  amount  of  $  11,700 
annually.  In  Cuenca,  Ecuador,  we  lease  approximately  170  square  feet  for  Warehouse  for  the  amount  of  $  3,400 
annually.  In  Ibarra,  Ecuador,  we  lease  approximately  349  square  feet  for  Corporate  Office  for  the  amount  of  $  1,800 
annually. 

We leased approximately 9,260 square feet for our offices and control center in Florida for an amount of $ 

166,500 annually for period of 60 months commencing March 24, 2016 and ended March 23, 2021, and a 24 monthes 
extension starting March 24, 2021 at a reduced annual rate of $146,000 annually. 

We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for our operations as currently conducted. In the event 

that additional facilities will be required, we believe that we could obtain such facilities at commercially reasonable 
rates. 

1 The proportion of voting power is 51%. 

25 

 
 
 
The size of our base station sites varies from approximately 11 to 44 square feet. In Israel, we have 98 base 

stations and we rent most base station sites independently for a monthly rate ranging from $200 to $2,200 per site 
depending on the location, size and other factors; for certain sites we do not pay any rent. The typical duration of a lease 
agreement for our base stations in Israel is five years and we generally have a right to renew the term of the lease 
agreements for a period ranging between two and five years. In Brazil, we have 147 base station sites, of which 23 sites 
are leased from the same entity under a 15 years-contract, (commencing from 2012) for a monthly rate ranging from 
$500 to $1,750 per site. The remaining 124 sites are leased independently for an annual rate ranging from $200 to $550 
depending on the location, size and other factors, and the typical duration for these leases is five years. In Argentina, we 
have 37 base station sites, all of which are leased from six entities for a monthly rate ranging from $215 to $930 per site. 
The duration of the lease ranges from one to two years. 

We do not believe that we have a legal retirement obligation associated with the operating leases for our base 
sites pursuant to the relevant accounting standards, since we do not own any real property. However, we are obligated 
pursuant to certain of the operating leases for our base sites, mainly for base sites in Israel, Brazil and Argentina, to 
restore facilities or remove equipment at the end of the lease term. Since the restoration is limited to any construction or 
property installed on the property, which in our case is only the installed antennas, we do not believe that these 
obligations, individually or in the aggregate, will result in us incurring a material expense. 

ITEM 4.A. 

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS 

Not applicable 

ITEM 5: 

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS 

A. 

OPERATING RESULTS 

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial 

statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. 

Introduction 

We believe we are a leading provider of telematics services, consisting predominantly of stolen vehicle 
recovery, which we refer to as SVR, and tracking services. We also provide telematics products used in connection with 
our SVR services and for various other applications. We currently provide our services and sell and lease our products 
mainly in Israel, Brazil, Argentina and the United States and since September 2018 also in Colombia, Mexico and 
Ecuador. 

Our operations consist of two segments: Telematics services and telematics products. 

Our telematics services segment consists of our SVR, "Connected Car" fleet management, UBI, and other 

value-added services. We currently operate our telematics services throughout the regions we operate. 

Our telematics products segment consists of our short - and medium-range two-way telematics products. We 

sell our telematics end-units to customers that subscribe to our telematics services. 

Outlook 

We have historically experienced growth in most of the markets in which we provide our telematics services. 

These markets, which are the main markets that we operate in, are generally characterized by high car theft rates, 
insurance companies and car manufactures that are seeking solutions to limit their actual losses resulting from car theft 
and increase their sales by adding additional value to the customer, and hence the Brazilian market continues to represent 
growth potential for our telematics services. The growth in subscribers within our telematics services segment also has a 
direct impact on the sale or lease of our telematics products, as they are an integral component of our telematics services 
and are installed in each subscriber’s vehicle. In Israel, in recent years the market experienced an increased car sales 
which positively affect our sales as compared with previous years. 

Please refer to Item 3D. – Risk Factors above in respect of factors that could negatively impact our business. 

26 

 
 
Geographical breakdown 

Telematics services’ subscriber base 

The following table sets forth the geographic breakdown of subscribers to our telematics services as of the dates 

indicated: 

Israel .................................................................................................................    
Brazil ................................................................................................................    
Others ...............................................................................................................    

As of December 31, 
2020 
643,000      
452,000      
673,000      

2021 
653,000      
453,000      
775,000      

2019 
610,000  
489,000  
682,000  

Total(1)  .............................................................................................................     1,881,000       1,768,000       1,781,000  

(1) All numbers provided are rounded, and therefore totals may be slightly different than the results obtained by adding 
the numbers provided. 

Revenues 

The following table sets forth the geographic breakdown of our revenues for each of our business segments for 

the relevant periods indicated. 

2021 

Year ended December 31, 
2020 
In USD, in Millions 

Telematics 
services 

Telematics 
products 

Telematics 
services 

Telematics 
products 

Israel .........................      
Brazil ........................      
Others .......................      

96.5  
55.2  
37.9  

Total(1) ......................      

189.6  

44.1  
2.6  
34.6  

81.3  

85.1  
60.0  
37.8  

182.9  

35.4  
1.5  
25.8  

62.7  

(1) We attribute revenues to countries based on the location of the customer. 

Telematics services segment 

2019 

Telemati
c services    
77.6  
85.1  
42.0  

204.7  

Telematics 
products 

32.5  
12.9  
29.2  

74.6  

We generate revenues from rendering our SVR, fleet management connected car,UBI and other value-added 
services. A majority of our revenues represent subscription fees paid to us by our customers. We recognize revenues 
from subscription fees on a monthly basis. Most of our customers are free to terminate their subscription at any time. In 
the absence of such termination, the subscription term continues automatically. We also generate subscription fees from 
our fleet management services. Assuming no additional growth in our subscriber base and based on our historical 
average churn rates of 3% per month in this segment, we can anticipate that at least 95% of our subscription fees 
generated in a prior quarter will recur in the following quarter. 

Telematics products segment 

We generate revenues from sale of our telematics products to customers in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, 

Colombia, Ecuador and the United States. We currently sell or lease our telematics end-units in each of the above 
regions. Growth in our subscriber base is the principal driver for the sale of our telematics products. We recognize 
revenues from sales of our telematics products upon transfer of control to the customer (usually upon delivery). 

Cost of revenues 

Telematics services segment 

The cost of revenues in our telematics services segment consists primarily of staffing, maintenance and 

operation of our control centers and base stations, costs associated with our staff and costs incurred for private 
enforcement, licenses, permits and royalties, as well as communication costs and costs due to depreciation of leased 
products and installation fees. Cost of revenues for sales of our fleet management services also includes payments to a 
third party who markets our services. 

27 

  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
  
  
    
       
       
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
    
    
    
    
Telematics products segment 

The cost of revenues in our telematics products segment consists primarily of production costs of our third-party 

manufacturers and costs associated with installation fees. 

Operating expenses 

Research and development 

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, costs of materials and other overhead 

expenses, primarily in connection with the design and development of our telematics products. We expense some of our 
research and development costs as incurred. Subject to certain criteria we capitalize software development costs. For 
further information see Note 1S to our consolidated Financial statements. 

Selling and marketing 

Our selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of advertising, salaries, commissions and other employee 

expenses related to our selling and marketing team and promotional and public relations expenses. 

General and administrative 

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, bonuses, accounting and other general 

corporate expenses. 

Operating Income 

Telematics services segment 

Operating income in our telematics services segment is primarily affected by increases in our subscriber base 

and our ability to increase the resulting revenues without a commensurate increase in our corresponding costs. 

Telematics products segment 

Operating income in our telematics products segment is primarily affected by our ability to increase sales of our 

telematics products. 

Financing expenses (income), net 

Financing income (expenses), net ,include, inter alia ,short-term and long-term interest expenses, financial 
commissions, income (expenses) in respect of changes in obligation to purchase non-controlling interests ,and gains 
(losses) from currency fluctuations from the translation of monetary balance sheet items denominated in currencies other 
than the functional currency of each entity in the group, gains (losses) in respect of marketable securities and other 
investments, and expenses related to tax positions. 

Taxes on income 

Income earned from our services and product sales is subject to tax in the country in which we provide our 

services or from which we sell our products. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates 

Our critical accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements 

appearing elsewhere in this report. However, certain of our accounting policies require us to make estimates and 
judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of 
contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate our estimates on a periodic basis. We base our estimates on historical 
experience, industry trends, authoritative pronouncements and various other assumptions that we believe to be 
reasonable under the circumstances. Such assumptions and estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty. 

The following are our critical accounting policies and the significant judgments and estimates affecting the 

application of those policies in our consolidated financial statements. See Note 1 to our consolidated financial statements 
included elsewhere in this report. 

28 

Revenue recognition 

We and our subsidiaries generate revenue from subscriber fees for the provision of services and sales of systems 

and products, mainly in respect of fleet management services, stolen vehicle recovery services and other value-added 
services. To a lesser extent, revenues are also derived from technical support services. We and our subsidiaries sell the 
systems primarily through their direct sales force and indirectly through resellers. 

Revenue recognition accounting policy applied from January 1, 2018 (following the adoption of ASC Topic 

606); 

We apply ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). 

In accordance with ASC 606, we determine revenue recognition through the following five steps: 

• 

• 

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; 

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; 

•  Determination of the transaction price; 

•  Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 

•  Recognition of revenue when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation. 

A contract with a customer exists when all of the following criteria are met: the parties to the contract have 

approved it (in writing, orally, or in accordance with other customary business practices) and are committed to perform 
their respective obligations, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the distinct goods or services to be transferred 
(“performance obligations”), we can determine the transaction price for the goods or services to be transferred, the 
contract has commercial substance and it is probable that we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which it 
will be entitled in exchange for the goods or services that will be transferred to the customer. 

For each type of contract, at inception, we assess the goods or service promised in a contract with a customer 
and identifies the performance obligations. With respect to contracts that are determined to have multiple performance 
obligations, such as contracts that combine product with services (mostly SVR services) and/or rights to use assets, we 
allocate the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the relative standalone 
selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. However, when applicable (see below), we estimate the 
selling prices of certain services using the residual approach. 

Revenues are recognized when, or as, control of services or products is transferred to the customers at a point in 

time or over time, as applicable to each performance obligation. 

Revenues are recorded in the amount of consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for 

performance obligations upon transfer of control to the customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of other third 
parties and sales taxes. 

we do not adjust the amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component since we 

expect, at most contracts inception, that the period between the time of transfer of the promised goods or services to the 
customer and the time the customer pays for these goods or services to be generally one year or less, based on the 
practical expedient. Our  credit terms to customers are, on average, between thirty and ninety days. 

In accordance with ASC 606, our revenues are recognized as follows: 

1.  Revenues from sales of Automatic Vehicle Location ("AVL") products are recognized when the control of the 

product passed to the customer (usually upon delivery). 

2.  Revenues  from  provision  of SVR  services  are  recognized  over  time,  as  the  customers  simultaneously receive 

and consume the benefits provided by our performance as we perform. 

3.  For  arrangements  that  involve  the  delivery  or  performance  of  multiple  products  (mostly,  AVL  products), 
services (such as SVR services) and/or rights to use assets, we analyze whether the goods or services that were 
promised to the customer are distinct. A good or service promised to a customer is considered ‘distinct’ if both 
of  the  following  criteria  are met:  1.  The  customer  can  benefit  from  the  good  or  service,  either  on  its  own  or 
together with other resources that are readily available to the customer; and, 2. Our promise to transfer the good 

29 

or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. When the above criteria 
are met, the revenue recognition for the related products and/or services are recognized as described in 1 and 2 
above, as applicable. 

With respect to arrangement that are determined to have multiple performance obligations that are distinct,we 
allocates  the  contract’s  transaction  price  to  each  performance  obligation  using  the  relative  standalone  selling 
price of each distinct good or service in the contract. However, in certain circumstances, we estimate the selling 
prices of the  SVR services (which are sold together with AVL products) using the residual approach. Under the 
residual  approach,  the  standalone  selling  price  of  the  SVR  services  is  estimated  by  reference  to  the  total 
transaction price less the sum of the observable standalone selling prices of all other goods or services promised 
in the contract. Such approach is used since we sell the same type of service in those jurisdictions to different 
customers (at or near the same time) for a broad range of amounts (thus, the stand-alone selling price is highly 
variable). 

Revenues  from  SVR  services  subscription  fees,  right  to  use  assets  (AVL  products  installed  in  customer 
vehicles)  and  installation  services,  sold  to  customers  within  a  single  contractually  binding  arrangement  were 
accounted for revenue recognition purposes, as a single performance obligation, since the installation services 
element was determined  not to be ‘distinct’.  Accordingly, the entire contract fee for the two  deliverables was 
recognized over time, on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. 

4.  Amounts earned by certain Brazilian subsidiary for arranging a bundle transaction of SVR services subscription 
and installation services together with insurance services to be supplied by a third party insurance company, are 
recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the subscription period (see 2 above), since the amount allocated 
to us (for the SVR services  subscription, installation  services  and for  arranging the transaction), is contingent 
upon the delivery of the SVR services.  As  the insurance company is  acting as  a principal with respect to  the 
insurance component, we recognized only  the net  amounts as  revenues,  after deduction of amounts  related to 
the insurance component. 

5.  Deferred revenues include unearned amounts received from customers (mostly for the provision of installation, 
future subscription services and extended warranty) but not yet recognized as revenues.  Such deferred revenues 
are recognized as described in paragraph 2 above or paragraph 6 below, as applicable. 

6.  Extended warranty 

In the majority of countries, in which the we operate, the statutory warranty period is one year, and the extended 
warranty covers periods beyond year one. Revenues from extended warranty include warranty services which 
were  sold  separately  for  a  monthly  fee,  or  warranty  services  that  were  determined  to  represent  a  separate 
performance  obligation  and  were  sold  together  with an  AVL  unit.  Such  revenues  are  recognized  over  the 
duration of the warranty periods. 

Contingencies 

We and our subsidiaries are involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to time in the ordinary course 

of their business and in connection with certain agreements with third parties. Except for income tax contingencies, we 
records accruals for contingencies to the extent that the management concludes that the occurrence is probable and that 
the related liabilities are estimable. Legal expenses associated with contingencies are expensed as incurred. 

Goodwill and intangible assets 

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net assets acquired in 
business combinations accounted for in accordance with the "purchase method" and is allocated to reporting units at 
acquisition.  Goodwill is not amortized but rather tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the 
provisions of ASC Topic 350, "Intangibles - Goodwill and Other". 

We elected to perform the goodwill annual impairment test for its operating units as follows: 

A.  An amount of approximately $35.8 million (as of December 31,  2021) relates to two different reporting units 
(resulted from the RT acquisition). we have historically performed an annual goodwill assessment as of June 30 
of  each  year  or  more  often  if  indicators  of  impairment  are  presented  (including  June  30,  2021).  During  the 
fourth quarter of 2021, following the second closing of the RT acquisition we decided to change the date of its 

30 

annual impairment assessment from June 30 to December 31. The change was made because we believe that the 
second closing gives a fair value to the goodwill presented in its report. 

B.  An  amount  of  approximately  $4.2  million  (as  of  December 31,  2021)  relates  to  two  different  reporting  units 
(resulted  from  past  acquisitions)  is  tested  on  December  31  of  each  year,  or  more  often  if  indicators  of 
impairment are present. 

As required by ASC Topic 350, we choose either to perform a qualitative assessment whether the quantitative 

goodwill impairment test is necessary or proceeds directly to the quantitative goodwill impairment test. Such 
determination is made for each reporting unit on a stand-alone basis.  The qualitative assessment includes various factors 
such as macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, 
earnings multiples, gross margin and cash flows from operating activities and other relevant factors. When we choose to 
perform a qualitative assessment and determines that it is more likely than not (more than 50 percent likelihood) that the 
fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying value, then we proceed to the quantitative goodwill impairment 
test. If we determine otherwise, no further evaluation is necessary. 

With respect to goodwill impairment tests performed before the adoption of ASU 2017-04 (which became effective 
for  annual  or  any  interim  goodwill  impairment  tests  in  fiscal  years  beginning  after  December  15,  2019),  when  we 
decided or were required to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test, we firstly were required to compare the 
fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value ("step 1"). If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeded the carrying 
value of the reporting unit net assets (including the goodwill allocated to such reporting unit), goodwill was considered 
not to be impaired, and no further testing was required. If the carrying value was determined to exceed the fair value of 
the  reporting  unit,  then  the  implied  fair  value  of  goodwill  was  determined  by  subtracting  the  fair  value  of  all  the 
identifiable net assets from the fair value of the reporting unit. An impairment loss was recorded for the excess, if any, of 
the carrying value of the goodwill allocated to the reporting unit over its implied fair value ("step 2"). 

Commencing the adoption of ASU 2017-04 (which eliminated Step 2 from the goodwill impairment, when we 
decide or are required to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test, we compare the fair value of the reporting 
unit to its carrying value and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds 
the reporting unit’s fair value, if any. In the performance of the quantitative analysis we apply assumptions that market 
participants would consider in determining the fair value of each reporting unit. 

As of December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, we had four reporting units which include goodwill. 

Telematics services: 

Under the telematics services segment there are two reporting units with goodwill. For one of which (resulted from 

past acquisitions) with an allocated amount of approximately US$ 2.0 million of goodwill, we performed a qualitative 
assessment as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and concluded that the qualitative assessment did not result in a more 
likely than not indication of impairment, and therefore no further impairment testing was required, with respect to such 
units. 

For the second reporting unit (resulted from RT acquisition) with an allocated amount of approximately US$ 32.2 

million of goodwill (as of December 31, 2021), we performed the annual impairment test, as of June 30, 2021 and 
reached to a conclusion that no impairment should be recorded at that point. 

We have historically performed an annual goodwill assessment for such reporting unit as of June 30 of each year or 
more often if indicators of impairment are presented. following the second closing of the RT acquisition, we decided to 
change the date of its annual impairment assessment from June 30 to December 31. 

Accordingly,  we  performed  a  qualitative  assessment  as  of  December 31,  2021,  and  concluded  that  the  qualitative 
assessment did not result in a more likely than not indication of impairment, and therefore no further impairment testing 
was required, with respect to such units. 

Telematics products: 

Under the telematics products segment there are two reporting units with goodwill, for one of which (resulted from 

past acquisitions) with an allocated amount of approximately US$ 2.2 million of goodwill, we performed a qualitative 
assessment as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, and concluded that the qualitative assessment did not result in a more 
likely than not indication of impairment, and therefore no further impairment testing was required, with respect to such 
units. 

31 

For  the  second  reporting  unit  (resulted  from  RT  acquisition)  with  an  allocated  amount  of  approximately  US$  3.6 
million  of  goodwill  (as  of  December  31,  2021),  we  performed  the  annual  impairment  test,  as  of  June  30,  2021  and 
reached to a conclusion that no impairment should be recorded at that point. The impairment test was performed using 
the second approach (quantitative test). 

We have historically performed an annual goodwill assessment for such reporting unit as of June 30 of each year or 
more often if indicators of impairment are presented. following the second closing of the RT acquisition, we decided to 
change  the  date  of  its  annual  impairment  assessment  from  June  30  to  December  31.  We   performed  a  qualitative 
assessment as of December 31, 2021, and concluded that the qualitative assessment did not result in a more likely than 
not indication of impairment, and therefore no further impairment testing was required, with respect to such unit. 

Results of Operations 

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated selected items from our consolidated statements of income as 

a percentage of our total revenues. 

Consolidated statements of operations data: 
Revenues: 
Telematics services ..................................................................................      
Telematics product ...................................................................................      
Total Revenues .........................................................................................      
Cost of Revenues: 
Telematics services ..................................................................................      
Telematics products .................................................................................      
Total cost of revenues ..............................................................................      
Gross profit ..............................................................................................      
Operating Expenses: 
Research and development expenses .......................................................      
Selling and marketing Expenses...............................................................      
General and administrative expenses, net ................................................      
Impairment of goodwill ............................................................................      
Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses (income), net ..........      
Total operating expenses .......................................................................      
Operating Income .....................................................................................      
Other income expenses, net ......................................................................      
Financing income, net ..............................................................................      
Income before income tax ........................................................................      
Income tax ................................................................................................      
Share in gains (losses) of affiliated companies, net .................................      
Net income for the year ............................................................................      
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interests ........................      
Net income attributable to company stockholders ...................................      

Year Ended December 31, 
% 
2020 

2021 

2019 

70.0  
30.0  
100  

31.3  
22.0  
53.3  
46.7  

5.2  
4.4  
17.0  
-  
(0.1) 
26.5  
20.2  
(0.1) 
(2.0) 
18.1  
(4.4) 
(0.1) 
13.6  
(1.0) 
12.6  

74.5  
25.5  
100  

33.2  
19.8  
53.0  
47.0  

5.2  
4.5  
20.2  
4.3  
1.5  
35.7  
11.3  
(0.1) 
0.6  
11.8  
(4.4) 
(0.3) 
7.1  
(0.5) 
6.6  

73.3  
26.7  
100  

32.3  
21.0  
53.3  
46.7  

5.0  
4.6  
19.7  
4.4  
4.9  
38.6  
8.1  
-  
0.2  
8.3  
(4.4) 
(1.1) 
2.8  
(0.3) 
2.5  

Analysis of our Operation Results for the Year ended December 31, 2021 as compared to the Year ended December 
31, 2020 

Revenues 

Total revenues increased from $245.6 million in 2020 to $270.9 million in 2021 or 10%. This increase consisted of 

an increase of $ 6.7 million from subscription fees from our telematics services and an increase of $ 18.6 million from 
sales of our telematics products. 

Telematics services segment 

Revenues in our telematics services segment increased by $ 6.7 million from $ 182.9 million in 2020 to $189.6 

million in 2021, or 4 %. Mainly due to the increase in 113,000 subscribers. 

32 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
Telematics products segment 

Revenues in our telematics products segment increased from $ 62.7 million in 2020, to $81.3 million in 2021 or 30 
%. This increase of $18.6 million is primarily due to an increase in sales, mainly in our business in Israel. This increase 
was also affected by a positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations of the NIS vs the USD in an amount of approximate 
$3.6 million. 

Cost of revenues 

Total cost of revenues increased from $ 130.1 million in 2020, to $144.4 million in 2021 or 11%. This increase 

consisted of an increase of $3.4 million in the telematics services segment and an increase of $10.9 million in the 
telematics product segment. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of revenues remain intact approximately 53%. 

Telematics services segment 

Cost of revenues for our telematics services segment increased from $81.4 million in 2020, to $84.8 million in 2021 

or 4 %. This increase was primarily due to the effect of exchange rate fluctuations in an amount of approximately $ 1.4 
million and an increase in salary expenses of approximately $2.3 million. As a percentage of total revenues for this 
segment, cost of revenues slightly increased from 44.5% in 2020 to 44.7% in 2021. 

Telematics products segment 

Cost of revenues for our telematics products segment increased from $ 48.7 million in 2020, to $ 59.6 million in 
2021 or 22%. This increase was mainly due to the increase in our products’ sales. As a percentage of total revenues for 
this segment, cost of revenues decreased from 77.8 % in 2020, to 73.4% in 2021. 

Operating expenses 

Research and development 

Our research and development expenses increased from $ 12.8 million in 2020 to $ 14.1 million in 2021. As a 
percentage of total revenues, research and development expenses did not increase, and remain at 5.2 % in 2020 and in 
2021. 

Selling and marketing 

Our selling and marketing expenses increased from $ 11.0 million in 2020 to $ 11.9 million in 2021. As a percentage 

of total revenues, selling and marketing expenses slightly decreased from 4.5 % in 2020 to 4.4 % in 2021. 

General and administrative 

General and administrative expenses decreased  from  $49.7  million  in  2020, to $ 46.1 million in 2021 or 7%.  The 
decrease was mainly due to the effect of allowance for doubtful accounts in amount of $4.2 million, the abovementioned 
were  offset  primarily  due  to  an  increase  in  salaries  expenses  in  an  amount  of  $0.8  million.  As  a  percentage  of  total 
revenues, general and administrative expenses decreased from 20.2% in 2020 to 17.0% in 2021. 

Impairment of goodwill 

During 2021, we did not record any goodwill impairment loss. 

On  June  30,2020,  an  impairment  of  approximately  $10.5  million  was  recorded,  primarily  due  to  increase  in  the 

country’s risk indicator, as part of the effects of Covid - 19. 

Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses (income), net 

During 2021 no intangible assets impairment loss was recorded. During 2020 the company recorded an intangible 
assets impairment loss in the amount of approximately US$ 3.7 million, respectively. The impairment was recorded in 
the consolidated statement of income under "Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses". 

Operating income 

Total operating income increased from $ 27.8 million in 2020, to $54.6 million in 2021 or 96 %. This increase of 

approximately $ 26.8 million was mainly due to the impairment loss in an amount of approximately $ 14.2 million 
recorded in 2020. The rest of the increase of approximately $ 12.6 million reflects an increase of $ 8.1 million in the 

33 

operating income in the telematics service segment and an increase of $ 4.5 million in the operating income in the 
telematics products segment. 

Telematics services segment 

Operating income in our telematics services segment increased from $28.6 million in 2020 to $ 48.1 million in 2021, 

or 68 %. This increase was mainly attributed to the impairment of goodwill and of impairment of intangible assets of 
$11.3 million recorded on 2020, and from the increase of our subscriber’s client base. 

As a percentage of our telematics services segment revenues, operating income in our telematics services segment 

increased from 15.7 % in 2020 to 25.3 % in 2021. 

Telematics products segment 

Operating income (loss) in our telematics products segment increased from loss of $0.8 million in 2020 to income of 

$6.5 million in 2021. This increase in operating income was mainly attributed to the impairment of goodwill and 
intangible assets of $2.8 million recorded in 2020 and from the increase of our revenues in our telematics products 
segment. 

As a percentage of our telematics services segment revenues, operating income (loss) in our telematics services 

segment increased from (1.3) % in 2020 to 8 % in 2021. 

Financing income, net 

Financing income, net, were $ 1.5 million in 2020 compared with an expense of $ 5.5 million in 2021. 

The increase in the financing expense was mainly due to an increase in losses in respect of marketable securities 

from an income amount of $4.3 million in 2020 to an expense in an amount of $2.4 million in 2021. 

Income Tax 

Income Tax expenses increase from $ 10.9 million in 2020, to $ 11.9 million in 2021 or 9%. As a percentage of 
income before tax, income tax expenses decreased from 37.4% in 2020 to 24.2% in 2021 primarily due to an (non- 
deductible for tax) impairment in goodwill and intangible assets related to RTH transaction in 2020 in an amount of $ 
14.2 million, and no impairment in goodwill and intangible assets related to RTH transaction in 2021. Also, a (non-
deductible for tax) gain in 2020 and losses in 2021 in respect of marketable securities value. 

As a percentage from income before tax, exclude the impairment which mentioned above, income tax expenses 

decreased from 25.5% in 2020 to 24.2% in 2021. 

Analysis of our Operation Results for the Year ended December 31, 2020 as compared to the Year ended December 
31, 2019 

Revenues 

Total revenues decreased from $279.3 million in 2019 to $245.6 million in 2020 or 12%. This decrease consisted a 
decrease of $ 21.8 million from subscription fees from our telematics services and a decrease of $ 11.9 million from sales 
of our telematics products. 

Telematics services segment 

Revenues in our telematics services segment decreased by $ 21.8 million from $ 204.7 million in 2019 to $182.9 

million in 2020, or 10.6 %. Mainly due to the negative fluctuation of the Brazilian Real vs the USD in an amount of 
approximately $17.3 million. 

Telematics products segment 

Revenues in our telematics products segment decreased from $ 74.6 million in 2019, to $62.7 million in 2020 or 16 

%. This decrease of $11.9 million is primarily due to a decrease in sales, mainly in our business relating to the OEM 
market in Brazil. This decrease was offset by a minor positive impact of exchange rate fluctuations of the NIS vs the 
USD in an amount of approximate $0.4 million. 

34 

Cost of revenues 

Total cost of revenues decreased from $ 148.8 million in 2019, to $130.1 million in 2020 or 12.6%. This decrease 

consisted of a decrease of $8.8 million in the Telematics services segment and a decrease of $9.9 million in the 
telematics product segment. As a percentage of total revenues, cost of revenues decreased from 53.3% in 2019 to 53% in 
2020. 

Telematics services segment 

Cost of revenues for our Telematics services segment decreased from $90.2 million in 2019, to $81.4 million in 
2020 or 9.8 %. This decrease was primarily due to the effect of exchange rate fluctuations in an amount of approximately 
$ 7.9 million and a decrease in salary expenses of approximately $3 million, the abovementioned were offset by 
increased in some other expenses items in insignificant amount each. As a percentage of total revenues for this segment, 
cost of revenues increased from 44.0% in 2019 to 44.5% in 2020. 

Telematics products segment 

Cost of revenues for our telematics products segment decreased from $ 58.6 million in 2019, to $ 48.7 million in 

2020 or 16.9 %. This decrease was mainly due to the decrease in our products’ sales. As a percentage of total revenues 
for this segment, cost of revenues decreased from 78.6 % in 2019, to 77.8% in 2020 mainly due to a change in the 
mixture of products sales. 

Operating expenses 

Research and development 

Our research and development expenses decreased from $ 13.9 million in 2019 to $ 12.8 million in 2020. As a 
percentage of total revenues, research and development expenses increased slightly from 5.0 % in 2019 to 5.2 % in 2020. 

Selling and marketing 

Our selling and marketing expenses decreased from $ 12.8 million in 2019 to $ 11 million in 2020. As a percentage 

of total revenues, selling and marketing expenses decreased slightly from 4.6 % in 2019 to 4.5 % in 2020. 

General and administrative 

General and administrative expenses decreased from $55.2 million in 2019, to $ 49.7 million in 2020 or 10%. The 

decrease was mainly due to the effect of exchange rate fluctuations in amount of $5 million and a decrease in salary 
expenses of approximately $1.8 million. The abovementioned were offset primarily due to an increase in insurance cost 
in an amount of $0.5 million and allowance for doubtful accounts in an amount of $1 million. As a percentage of total 
revenues, general and administrative expenses increased from 19.7% in 2019 to 20.2 % in 2020. 

Impairment of goodwill 

On June 30,2020, an impairment of approximately $10.5 million was recorded, primarily due to increase in the 
country’s risk indicator, as part of the effects of Covid - 19. On December 31,2020, based on our qualitative assessment, 
no additional negative factors were spotted, therefore another impairment was not indicated. 

On December 31, 2019, an impairment on the amount of $12.3 million was recorded primarily due to the increase in 

the country’s risk indicator. 

Impairment of intangible assets and Other expenses (income), net 

During 2020 and 2019 thej company recorded an intangible assets impairment loss in the amount of approximately 

US$ 3.7 million and US$ 13.9 million, respectively. The impairment was recorded in the consolidated statement of 
income under “Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses”. 

Other expenses 

Other expenses in amount of $0.3 million in 2020 was mainly due to one-time reduction of one of our investments in 

other companies. In 2019 other expenses was in amount of $26 thousand. 

35 

Operating income 

Total operating income increased from $ 22.7 million in 2019, to $27.8 million in 2020 or 22.5 %. This increase of 

approximately $ 5.1 million reflects an increase of $ 2.5 million in the operating income in the telematics service 
segment and a decrease of $ 2.6 million in the operating loss in the telematics products segment. 

Telematics services segment 

Operating income in our telematics services segment increased from $26.1 million in 2019 to $ 28.6 million in 2020, 

or 9.6 %. This increase was mainly attributed to the decrease in the impairment of goodwill and of impairment of 
intangible assets from $22 million in 2019 to $11.3 million in 2020 which were offset by effect of the exchange rates 
fluctuation and from the decrease of our gross revenues in our telematics services segment. 

As a percentage of in our telematics services segment revenues, operating income in our telematics services segment 

increased from 12.7 % in 2019 to 15.7 % in 2020. 

Telematics products segment 

Operating loss in our telematics products segment decreased from $3.4 million in 2019 to $0.8 million in 2020. This 

decrease in operating loss was mainly attributed to the decrease in the impairment of goodwill and of impairment of 
intangible assets from $4.2 million in 2019 to $2.9 million. And from the decrease of our gross revenues in our 
telematics products segment. 

As a percentage of in our telematics services segment revenues, operating losses in our telematics services segment 

increased from (4.6) % in 2019 to (1.3) % in 2020. 

Financing income, net 

Financing income, net, was $ 0.6 million in 2019 compared with $ 1.5 million in 2020. 

The increase in the financing income was mainly due to an increase in gain in respect of marketable securities and 
other investments in an amount of $4.6 million. The abovementioned were offset by a decrease in income in respect of 
changes in obligation to purchase non-controlling interests in an amount of $2.4 million and an increase in expenses 
related to taxes positions in an amount of $0.7 million. 

Income Tax 

Income Tax expenses decreased from $ 12.2 million in 2019, to $ 10.9 million in 2020 or 10.6 %. As a percentage of 

income before tax, income tax expenses decreased from 52.7% in 2019 to 37.4 % in 2020 primarily due to recorded an 
(non- deductible for tax) impairment in goodwill and intangible assets related to RTH transaction in 2019 in an amount 
of $ 22.9 million, and in 2020 in an amount of $13.3 million. 

As a percentage from income before tax, exclude the impairment which mentioned above, income tax expenses 

decreased from 27.1% in 2019 to 25.5% in 2020. 

Impact of Currency Fluctuations on Results of Operations, Liabilities and Assets 

Although we report our consolidated financial statements in dollars, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, a portion of our 

revenues and direct expenses was derived in other currencies. For fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021 we derived 
approximately 29.3%, 30.6% and 26.6% of our revenues in dollars and other currencies, 40.0%, 49.2% and 52.0% in 
NIS, 30.7%, 20.2% and 21.4% in Brazilian Reals. In fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021, 33.4%, 29.0% and 30.9% of our 
expenses were incurred in dollars and other currencies, 42.5 %, 50.6% and 52.3% in NIS and 24.1%, 20.4% and 16.8% 
in Brazilian Reals. 

Exchange differences upon translation of our financial statements from the functional currency (NIS) to US Dollars 

(presentation currency) are accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income under 
stockholders’ equity. In the years 2021, 2020 and 2019 the effect of the translation that was carried to accumulated other 
comprehensive income was ($ 2.9) million, ($ 12.9) million and ($ 4.1) million, respectively. 

The fluctuation of the other currencies in which we incur our expenses or generate revenues against the dollar has 
had the effect of increasing or decreasing (as applicable) reported revenues, cost of revenues and operating expenses in 
such foreign currencies when converted into dollars from period to period. The following table illustrates the effect of 
the changes in exchange rates on our revenues, gross profit and operating income for the periods indicated: 

36 

2019 

At 2018 
exchange 
rates (1) 

   Actual 

Revenues .....................       
Gross profit .................       
Operating income ........       

279,332  
130,518  
22,654  

289,676  
135,730  
25,419  

Year Ended December 31, 
2020 

   Actual 

At 2019 
exchange 
rates (1) 
(In thousands of US$) 
245,627  
115,515  
27,831  

262,529  
122,708  
31,229  

2021 

At 2020 
exchange 
rates (1) 

   Actual 

270,884  
126,482  
54,615  

264,507  
123,734  
53,595  

(1) Based on average exchange rates during the period. Those columns are Non GAAP information. 

Our policy remains to reduce exposure to exchange rate fluctuations by entering into foreign currency forward 
transactions that mainly qualify as hedging transactions under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”, the results of 
which are reflected in our income statements as revenues or cost of revenues. The result of these transactions, which are 
affected by fluctuations in exchange rates, could cause our revenues, cost of revenues, gross profit and operating income 
to fluctuate. 

B. 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

We fund our operations primarily from cash and cash equivalents generated from operations. As of December, 31 
2019, 2020 and 2021, we had $ 54.3 million, $78.8 million and $54.7million in cash and marketable securities and $73.1 
million, $66.7 million and $58.1million in working capital, respectively. We hold most of our cash and cash equivalents 
in US dollars or the local currency of their location. 

As of December 31, 2021 we had a long- term loan from an Israeli bank at the amount of $ 13.2million and a short 
term loans at the amount of $ 18.3 million. As of December, 2020 we had a long - term loan from an Israeli bank at the 
amount of $ 34.1 million and a short term loans at the amount of $ 20.4 million. As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 
2021, we also had $ 4.1 million, $ 1.9 million and $1.6 million respectively, available to us under existing lines of credit. 
As of December 31, 2019, we did not use our credit line, as of December 31, 2020 utilized $0.3 million of our credit line, 
and as of December 31,2021 we utilized $ 0.7 million of our credit line. 

We believe that our cash flow from operations, availability under our lines of credit and cash and marketable 

securities will be adequate to fund our capital expenditures, contractual commitments and other demands and 
commitments for the foreseeable future as well as for the long-term. We believe that cash flow generated from 
operations and cash available to us from our credit facilities will be sufficient to cover future expansion of our various 
businesses into new geographical markets or new products, as currently contemplated and as we describe herein. 
However, if existing cash and cash generated from operations are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we 
may seek financing elsewhere by selling additional equity or debt securities or by obtaining additional credit facilities. 

As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 we had long-term liabilities of, $17.0 million, $19.7 million and $22.5 
million respectively, for employee rights upon retirement for certain of our employees that become payable upon their 
retirement. Our Israeli employees are entitled to one month’s salary, equal to the applicable monthly salary at the time of 
such employee’s retirement, for each year of employment, or a portion thereof, upon retirement. This liability is partially 
funded by deposit balances maintained for these employee benefits in the amount of $11.5 million, $13.6 million and 
$16.2 million as of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. The deposited funds include profits accumulated up 
to the balance sheet date and may be withdrawn upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to Israeli severance pay 
laws or labor agreements. 

In Argentina, new economic policies related to the external sector have been in effect since August 2019, motivated by 
the liabilities in dollars and the inability of the Government to deal with it in the initially agreed terms. These measures 
were initially taken by the outgoing Government and then deepened by the new elected Government that began on 
December 10, 2019. The following regulations currently apply: 

1. Currency market: 

a. Individuals can only acquire dollars for savings, in the amount of US $ 200 per month. On this purchase 

applies 35% taxes. It applies for all abroad and tourism expenses also. 

b. Companies are not allowed to acquire dollars. 

37 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
2. Imports: 

a. The Information System called SIMI is maintained. Imports and their payments require prior 

authorization from the government. 

b. Payment for the importation of services also requires authorization from the government. 
c. Both types of imports (goods and services) require compliance with Transfer Pricing Report and other tax 

regulations. 

3. Income Tax and Dividends: 

a. Payment of dividends to shareholders abroad requires prior authorization from the Central Bank. 
b. The following chart shows the new scenario for the Corporate Income Tax rate that will apply for fiscal years 

commencing since January 1st, 2021. 

The amount will be adjusted by inflation since January 2022. 

Accumulated net taxable profit 

will pay a fix amount of  plus a 

the following amount 

More than AR$ 

up to AR$ 

% over 

AR$ 

AR$ 

AR$ 

-  AR$ 

5.000.000,00  AR$ 

-  25%  AR$      

- 

5.000.000,00  AR$ 

50.000.000,00  AR$    

1.250.000,00  30%  AR$ 

5.000.000,00 

50.000.000,00 

en adelante 

AR$    

14.750.000,00  35%  AR$ 

50.000.000,00 

c. On dividends originated 7% tax will be withheld as shareholders Income Tax. 

In Ecuador, there are two unique Laws which are relevant to our activities: 

1.  Remittance tax (Impuesto a la Salida de Divisas) - Remittance tax of 5% is imposed on the transfer of money 
abroad  in  cash  or  through  pay  checks,  transfers,  or  courier  of  any  nature  carried  out  with  or  without  the 
mediation  of  the  Ecuadorian  financial  system,  including  transfer  from  foreign  bank  accounts.  Dividends  are 
exempt from this tax, under certain considerations. 

2.  Labor profit sharing - Although it is not considered a tax, companies are obligated to pay 15% of their pre-tax 
earnings to their employees. This payment is considered a deductible expense for CIT computation purposes. 

In Mexico, All Mexican employers, whether individuals or entities, are required to calculate and pay mandatory 

profit- sharing payments to employees within 60 days following the filing of their annual Mexican tax return. The 
obligation for employers to make such payments is based on the legal provisions in Section IX of Article 123 of the 
Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, which establishes that employees shall have the right to participate 
in their employer’s profits in the amount of 10% of such employer’s taxable income. As such, the following types of 
employees have the right to receive profit sharing payments: (a) permanent employees hired to carry out normal, long-
term work for an employer, without regard to the number of days worked during the January 1 through December 31, 
2019 fiscal year; (b) eventual permanent employees who have worked for an employer fewer than 60 days, whether 
continuously or sporadically, during the fiscal year referred to above; (c) former employees who have the right to claim 
profit sharing payments, when such rights have not lapsed. 

On February 26, 2017 we have revised our dividend policy, which came in force starting from 2017, that our 
dividends will be declared and distributed on a quarterly basis in an amount of at least 5 million USD subject to the 
provisions of the Israeli laws concerning lawful distribution of dividends. 

Dividend we declare in respect to 2019 result: 

In May 21, 2019 we declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $5 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the 

rate of 25%) on July 3, 2019, with respect to the first quarter of 2019. On August 28, 2019 we declared a quarterly 
dividend in the amount of $5 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on October 10, 2019, with respect 
to the second quarter of 2019. On November 25, 2019 we declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $5 million, 
which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on January 9, 2020, with respect to the third quarter of 2019. On March 
4, 2020 we declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $5 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on 
April 7, 2020 with respect to the fourth quarter of 2019. 

38 

 
  
Dividend we declare in respect to 2020 result: 

On May 13, 2020, we declared the suspension of the dividend distribution due to the Covid-19 pandemic. On March 
3, 2021, we declared the renewal of the dividend distribution policy of at least $3 million a quarter. On the same date we 
also declared a quarterly dividend in an amount of $10 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on April 
6, 2021 with respect to the fourth quarter of 2020. 

Dividend we declare in respect to 2021 result: 

On May 25, 2021, we declared a quarterly dividend in the amount of $3 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the 

rate of 25%) on July 14, 2021, with respect to the first quarter of 2021. On August 23, 2021, we declared a quarterly 
dividend in the amount of $3 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on October 13, 2021, with respect 
to the second quarter of 2021. On November 16, 2021, we declared a quarterly dividend on the amount of $3 million, 
which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on January 5, 2022, with respect to the third quarter of 2021. On March 
7, 2022, we declared a quarterly dividend of $3 million, which was paid (net of taxes at the rate of 25%) on April 6, 
2022, with respect to the fourth quarter of 2021. 

Until the RTH Transaction, we have repurchased 2,507,314 of our shares, out of these shares (373,489 shares) were 

resold as part of the consideration in the RTH Transaction. As part of the RTH Transaction price adjustment 300,472 
shares were returned to us in April 2019. As part of implementation of our Board of Directors decision of 25 million 
USD share repurchase program, Share repurchases were funded by our wholly owned subsidiary with available cash. 
Repurchases of the Company’s ordinary shares were based on Rule10b-18 terms. During the years 2019 and 2021 we 
purchased  227,828  and 228,725 of our shares for approximately $6 million each year. During the year 2021, we also 
directly purchased additional 50,995 shares for approximately $ 1.3 million not through publicly announced plans. 
During April 2022, until April 15, we purchased additional 21,089 shares. 

As  of  April  15,  2022,  the  updated  quantity  of  treasury  shares  is  2,962,934  (including  477,642  shares  which  are 

entitled to dividend distributed). 

The following table sets forth the components of our historical cash flows for the periods indicated: 

2021 

Year ended December 31, 
2020 
(In thousands) 

2019 

Net cash provided by operating activities .............................................      
Net cash used in investing activities......................................................      
Net cash used in financing activities .....................................................      
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents .............      
Net increase/decrease in cash and cash equivalents ..............................      

55,790  
(18,524)      
(58,666)      
(477)      
(21,877)      

60,068  
(11,479)      
(29,449)      
(921)      

18,219  

59,679  
(18,287) 
(38,927) 
101  
2,566  

Years ended December 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 

Net cash provided by operating activities 

Our operating activities provided cash of $59.7 million in 2019, $60.1 million in 2020 and $55.8 million in 2021. 

Cash from operating activities in 2021 decreased in an amount of approximately $ 4.3 million, this decreased was 

mainly due to an increase in inventory. 

Net cash used in investing activities 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2021 in an amount of approximately $ 18.5 million, included capital 

expenditure in the amount of $ 16.6 million. 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2020 in an amount of approximately $ 11.5 million, included capital 

expenditure in the amount of $ 10.2 million. 

Net cash used in investing activities in 2019 in an amount of approximately $18.3 million, included capital 

expenditure in the amount of $ 18.3 million. 

39 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
    
    
 
Net cash used in financing activities 

Net  cash  used  in  financing  activities  in  2021  in  an  amount  of  approximately  $  58.7  million  consisted  primarily  a 
repayment of short and long term credit from financial institution in an amount of $ 23.6 million, cash dividend payment 
in an amount of approximately $ 15.8 million, a cash payment to settle the obligation to purchase non-controlling interest 
in an amount of approximately $ 11.3 million and an acquisition of company shares in an amount of approximately $ 7.3 
million. 

Net cash used in by financing activities in 2020 in an amount of approximately $ 29.4 million consisted primarily of 
a repayment of short and long term credit from financial institution in amount of $ 17 million, cash dividend payment in 
an amount of approximately $ 10 million and a cash dividend payment in an amount of approximately $ 1.7 million paid 
by our subsidiaries to the non - controlling interests. 

Net cash used in by financing activities in 2019 in an amount of approximately $ 38.9 million consisted primarily of 
a repayment of short and long term credit from financial institution in amount of $ 11.1 million, cash dividend payment 
in an amount of approximately $ 19.8 million and a cash dividend payment in an amount of approximately $ 2.0 million 
paid by our subsidiary to the non - controlling interests, and acquisition of our shares for $ 6 million. 

C. 

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, PATENTS AND LICENSES 

Most of our research and development activities take place in Israel, Mexico, Colombia and Ecuador. Our Research 

and Design department is constantly working on upgrading the service infrastructure and improving our fleet 
management applications, including by introducing new services and uses of the system, while utilizing both internal 
development staff and outsourcing such activities to third parties, as well as developing new service platforms for 
cellular/GPS based devices. 

Expenditures for research and development activities undertaken by us were approximately $14.1 million in 2021 $ 

12.8 million in 2020, and $ 13.9 million in 2019. 

D. 

TREND INFORMATION 

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as near-term measures, we have transitioned many of our employees to 
remote working arrangements. The transition has had little impact on our employee productivity and has not caused 
material interruption to our business. 

We are unable to accurately predict the impact that COVID-19 will have on our operations going forward due to 
uncertainties that will be dictated by the length of time that the pandemic and related disruptions continue, the impact of 
governmental regulations that might be imposed in response to the pandemic and overall changes in consumer behavior. 
Numerous state and local jurisdictions have imposed, and others in the future may impose, “shelter-in-place” orders, 
quarantines, executive orders and similar government orders and restrictions for their residents to control the spread of 
COVID-19. Governments all over the world are continuing to impose limitations on gatherings, social distancing 
measures and restrictions on movement, only allowing essential businesses to remain open. Such orders or restrictions 
have and are continuing to result in temporary store closures, work stoppages, slowdowns and delays, travel restrictions 
and cancellation of events, among other effects, any of which may negatively impact workforces, customers, consumer 
sentiment and the economies in many of our markets, and as a result, may adversely affect our operations. 

COVID-19 pandemic may have a negative effect on our business in the forthcoming quarters in several spheres. In 
order to mitigate our expenses we reduced the basic monthly payments of some of our senior management by 25% and 
deferred payments of part of their bonuses (see Item 6.B hereinafter), reduced salaries of our employees by 10%-40% 
(especially in 2nd and 3rd quarters of year 2021) which reduction we lifted recently. We also halted our dividend 
distribution until recently (see Item 5B above on page 34) and also either reduced some of the payments for services 
rendered by developers as well as reduction of rental payments. The aforementioned should be deemed as a forward-
looking analysis under Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act and Section 27A of the Securities Act, 1933. 

Please see Item 4.A. – History and Development of the Company and Item 4.B. – Business Overview above for 

trend information. 

E. 

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS 

We do not have off-balance sheet arrangements (as such term is defined in Item 5E. of the Form 20-F) that have or 

are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial conditions, 

40 

revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to 
investors. 

F. 

TABULAR DISCLOSURE OF CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS 

Contractual obligations and commercial commitments 

The following table summarizes our material contractual obligations as of December 31, 2021: 

Contractual obligations 

   Total 

Less than 
1 year 

   1-3 years    

   3-5 years    

   After 5 years   

(In USD thousands) 

Payments due by period 

*Operating leases ...................................      
Purchase Obligations ..............................      
Long – term debt obligations .................      
Total ......................................................      

5,174  
17,843  
31,426  
54,443  

2,768  
17,843  
18,257  
38,868  

1,567  
-  
13,169  
14,736  

614  
-  
-  
614  

225  
-  
-  
225  

* Please see consolidated financial statements, Note 7. 

G. 

SAFE HARBOR 

The safe harbor provided in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Sections 21E of the Exchange Act shall apply, 

among other things, to forward looking information provided in Item 5. F. 

ITEM 6. 

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES 

A. 

DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT 

The following persons are our directors, senior management and employees upon whose work we are dependent: 

Name 

Age 

Position 

Izzy Sheratzky ................................... 
Yehuda Kahane ................................. 
Ze’ev Koren ...................................... 
Efraim Sheratzky ............................... 
Eyal Sheratzky .................................. 
Nir Sheratzky .................................... 
Gil Sheratzky ..................................... 

Yoav Kahane(1)(2) ............................ 
Yigal Shani ........................................ 
Israel Baron (1)(2)(3) + ............................. 
Gidon Kotler (1)(2)(3) ....................... 
Tal Sheratzky- Jaffa .......................... 
Ami Saranga ...................................... 
Eli Kamer .......................................... 
Guy Aharonov ................................... 
Udi Mizrahi ....................................... 

Shahar Sheratzky ............................... 

75 
77 
77 
69 
53 
50 
44 

48 
77 
68 
81 
44 
58 
55 
56 
50 

42 

President and director 
Director 
Chairman of the Board of Directors and an independent director 
Director 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director 
Co-Chief Executive Officer and Director 
CEO of our Subsidiary, International Activity and Business 
Development Officer and a Director 
Director and an independent director 
Director 
External Director 
External Director 
Director and an independent director 
Deputy Chief Executive Officer 
Executive Vice President, Finance; Chief Financial Officer 
General Counsel 
Deputy Chief Executive Officer International Operation and VP of 
Finance 
Vice President, head of our business division 

Notes: 
(1) Member of audit committee 
(2) Member of compensation committee 
(3) External director elected in accordance with the Israeli Companies Law 
+ Chairperson of all committees 

41 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
  
  
  
 
 
Izzy Sheratzky is a co-founder of our company and its President. He has previously served as the Chairman of our 
Board of Directors, which in our company constitutes both an officer and director positions, ever since our company was 
acquired from Tadiran in 1995. Until 2003, Mr. Sheratzky also served as our Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Sheratzky 
also serves as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Moked (1973) Investigations Company Ltd., Moked Services, 
Information and Investments Ltd., and Moked Ituran. He also serves as a director in Tikal Document Collection Ltd. Mr. 
Sheratzky is the father of Eyal, Nir and Gil Sheratzky, Brother of Efraim Sheratzky and uncle of Tal Sheratzky-Jaffa. 

Yehuda Kahane is a co-founder of our company and has served on our board since 1995. Professor Kahane is an 
entrepreneur in both the academic and business arenas. He is a Fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science. He 
received the 2011 highest international award for his lasting contribution to the theory, practice and education in 
insurance and risk management, as well as a lifetime achievements award by the Israeli Insurance industry. He is a co-
founder and chairperson of the YK Center for Preparing for the New Economy. Kahane is a Professor (Emeritus) from 
the Coller Business, Tel Aviv University where he headed the Institute for Business and the Environment. He taught at 
many business schools around the world, including the Wharton School, the University of Texas (Austin), the University 
of Toronto and the University of Florida, and has founded and served as the first Dean of the Israeli Academic School of 
Insurance. Professor Kahane chairs and is a major owner of Capital Point Ltd., and is active in the formation, seed 
investment and management of start-up companies and technological incubators, unrelated to our company. He chairs 
the association for the visually impaired people in Herzliya and Sharon district, and a board member of the Center for 
Blind People in Israel (The Umbrella organization). He is an honorary member of the Israel-Brazil Chamber of 
Commerce. Professor Kahane holds a BA degree in Economics and Statistics, an MA degree in Business Administration 
and a PhD in Finance from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and is a Fellow of the Israeli Association of Actuaries. 
He specializes in insurance, risk management, environmental issues and technological forecasting. He is the father of 
Yoav Kahane. 

Zeev Koren has served as a director of our company since 2006 and since 2011 serves as the Chairman of the Board 
of Directors of the Company. In 1988 Brigadier Gen. (Res) Koren retired from the Israel Defense Forces after a career of 
25 years, where in his final position he served as the head of human resources planning for the general staff division. 
Since then he has served in a senior capacity in companies in the fields of international forwarding and medical services. 
During the past ten years he has also served as the general manager of a Provident Management Company. He holds a 
B.A. in Political Science and Criminology from Bar Ilan University. 

Efraim Sheratzky was appointed to the board on February 9, 2015 to replace Mr. Amos Kurz, as a Class A Director. 
Efraim Sheratzky studied insurance in the Israeli Insurance College. Efraim Sheratzky owns together with Yigal Shani, 
Tzivtit Insurance Agency (1998) Ltd. Efraim Sheratzky served as our director from 1999 and until 2005. Efraim 
Sheratzky is the brother of Izzy Sheratzky and the uncle of Eyal, Nir and Gil Sheratzky and father of Ms. Tal Sheratzky-
Jaffa. 

Eyal Sheratzky has served as a director of our company since its acquisition from Tadiran in 1995 and currently 
serves as a Co-Chief Executive Officer since 2003. Prior to 2003, he served as Vice President of Business Development 
during the years 1999 through 2002. Mr. Sheratzky also serves as a director of Moked Ituran and certain of our other 
subsidiaries, including Ituran Network. From 1994 to 1999, he served as the Chief Executive Officer of Moked Services, 
Information and Investments and as legal advisor to several of our affiliated companies. Mr. Sheratzky holds LLB and 
LLM degrees from Tel Aviv University School of Law and an Executive MBA degree from the Kellogg School of 
Management at Northwestern University, USA. Mr. Sheratzky is the son of Izzy Sheratzky and the brother of Nir and Gil 
Sheratzky and nephew of Effraim Sheratzky. 

Nir Sheratzky has served as a director of our company since its acquisition from Tadiran in 1995 and currently 
serves as a Co-Chief Executive Officer since 2003. Prior to 2003, Mr. Sheratzky served as an Executive Officer in our 
company from 1995 to 2003. Mr. Sheratzky is also a director in Moked Ituran. He holds BA and MA degrees in 
Economics from Tel Aviv University. Nir is the son of Izzy Sheratzky and the brother of Eyal and Gil Sheratzky and 
nephew of Effraim Sheratzky. 

Gil Sheratzky serves as a director of our company and since 2013 as our International Activity and Business 
Development Officer. Mr. Sheratzky has been serving since January 23, 2007 as the Chief Executive Officer of our 
subsidiary, E-Com Global Electronic Commerce Ltd. From 2003 and until 2013 Mr. Sheratzky served as our marketing 
communication officer. During the years 2000 - 2001 Gil worked in our control center, and during the years 2001 - 2002 
he worked in an advertising agency. Mr. Sheratzky holds a BA in Business Administration from the Herzliya 
Interdisciplinary Center, and an MBA degree from the Booth School of Business at Chicago University, USA. Gil serves 

42 

also as director in Saver One Bringg and chairman of Mapa GIS (a subsidiary of Ituran). Gil Sheratzky is the son of Izzy 
Sheratzky and the brother of Eyal Sheratzky and Nir Sheratzky and nephew of Effraim Sheratzky 

Yoav Kahane has served as director of our company since 1998. Mr. Kahane is serving as Chief Executive Officer of 

VIZO Specs Ltd, a start up company he co-founded that develop a non-invasive technology for immediate enhancement 
of attention and the treatment of ADHD.  During 2020 he served as Chief Business Officer of PrintCB, developer and 
manufacturer of Advanced Copper Materials for Car Electrification. Since 2015 Mr. Kahane has co-founded and served 
as the Chief Executive Officer of Spot-On Therapeutics Ltd., a startup company that develops a non-invasive brain 
stimulation technology for the treatment of balance disorders and falls prevention. During 2006-2014, Mr. Kahane has 
worked for Enzymotec in various managerial positions including Director of Business Development, VP Sales & 
Marketing, Infant Nutrition Business Unit Manager, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Advanced Lipids AB, a 
joint venture of AAK AB and Enzymotec, specializing in nutritional ingredients to the infant nutrition industry. During 
the years 2004-2005, Mr. Kahane served as Vice President of Sales and Marketing in Elbit Vision Systems Ltd. In 2000, 
Mr. Kahane established Ituran Florida Corp. and served as its Chief Executive Officer until 2001. Mr. Kahane holds a 
BA degree in Life Sciences from Tel-Aviv University, a BA degree in Insurance and an MBA degree from the 
University of Haifa. Yoav Kahane is the son of Professor Yehuda Kahane. 

Yigal Shani has served as a director of our company since its acquisition from Tadiran in 1995. Mr. Shani is an 

insurance agent and a partner in the insurance agency Tzivtit Insurance Agency (1998) Ltd. together with 
Efraim Sheratzky, which provides insurance services to our company. Mr. Shani, has resigned on March 13, 2014 in 
order to allow compliance with the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, which require that the board of directors to 
include at least one female and was reappointed on February 9, 2015 to replace Mr. Avner Kurz, as a Class B Director. 

Israel Baron has been serving as an external director of our company since 2003 and is the Chairman of our board’s 

committees. Mr. Baron served as a director in Poalim Trust Services Ltd., a fully owned subsidiary of Bank Hapoalim 
Ltd from 2009 until 2017. In addition, Mr. Baron has been serving as Chief Executive Officer of several public sector 
employee retirement and saving plans since 2003. Prior to 2003, Mr. Baron managed an organizational consulting firm, 
served as an investment manager in the Isaac Tshuva group during the years 1999 to 2001 and as Chief Executive 
Officer of Gmulot Investment Company Ltd. Mr. Baron serves as a director of Quality Baron Management Services Ltd. 
and until 2004 he served as a director of Brill Shoe Industries Ltd. Mr. Baron is a certified CPA and holds a BA degree 
in Economics and Accounting from the Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel. Israel Baron was reelected on 
December 10, 2020 for additional 3-year term to serve as external director. 

Gidon Kotler is an external director of our company. He was nominated on April 30, 2014. Prior to his retirement on 
2016, Mr. Kotler has been serving as the assets manager of Strauss-Group Ltd., one of Israel’s largest public companies, 
since 1997. Prior to that, Mr. Kotler has served for 3 years as the chief executive officer of the Tel-Aviv New Central 
Bus Station, and for 14 years as the chief executive officer of the Dizengof Center’s management company. Mr. Kotler 
has served as an external director of Elran Real Estate Ltd. from 2007 until 2010. On December 28, 2016, an annual 
general shareholders meeting approved the extension of the term of Mr. Gideon Kotler, our external director, for 
additional three years (beginning April 30, 2017). On December 12, 2019, an annual general shareholders meeting 
approved additional extension of the term of Mr. Gideon Kotler, our external director, for additional three years 
(beginning April 30, 2020). 

Ms. Tal Sheratzky-Jaffa was until recently a Vice President at Margalit Startup City, a unique Israeli organization 
focused on building and creating centers of excellence worldwide. Prior to joining Margalit Startup City, Ms. Sheratzky-
Jaffa was a Strategy and Development Manager at Reality Investment Funds, Israeli value-add real estate fund. Prior to 
joining Reality Investment Funds, Ms. Sheratzky-Jaffa was a partner at the Israeli law firm Amit, Pollak, Matalon and 
Co., specializing in the fields of investment funds, mergers and acquisitions, high-tech and corporate governance, and an 
associate at the New York offices of the US law firm Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. Ms. Sheratzky-Jaffa holds 
LL.M degree from Columbia University (New York), LL.B from Haifa University and B.A (economics) from Haifa 
University, and is a member of the Israeli Bar Association and the New York State Bar. Ms. Sheratzky-Jaffa is the 
nephew of Izzy Sheratzky and the cousin of Eyal, Nir and Gil Sheratzky and the daughter of Efraim Sheratzky. Ms. 
Sheratzky – Jaffa was elected, on December 12, 2019, in  annual general shareholders meeting, to serve as director in 
Class A for additional period until third succeeding Annual General meeting, thereafter. 

Ami Saranga has been serving as the Deputy Chief Executive Officer of our company since 2011. Prior to that Mr. 

Saranga served as our VP Marketing since 2008. Prior to 2008, Mr. Saranga managed the SME division of Pelephone 
Communications Ltd., one of Israel’s largest telecommunication network operators. Mr. Saranga holds a BA degree in 
Business Administration from Ruppin Academic Center, Israel. 

43 

Eli Kamer has served as Executive Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer of our company since 1999, 

after serving as its Finance Department Manager since 1997. Prior such date, Mr. Kamer worked as an accountant in 
Fahn Kanne & Co., our independent registered public accountant. Mr. Kamer is a CPA and holds a BA degree in 
Business Administration from the Israel College of Management and an MBA degree in business administration from 
Bar Ilan University. 

Guy Aharonov has served as our in-house legal counsel since 1999. Prior to joining our company, he has worked as 

an attorney in Cohen Lahat & Co. Mr. Aharonov holds LLB and LLM degrees from Tel Aviv University. 

Udi Mizrahi has served as our VP Finance since 2000. On his current position Mr. Mizrahi serve as a Deputy Chief 

Executive Officer International Operation and VP of Finance. Mr. Mizrahi is a CPA and holds a BA degree in 
accounting and economics from Ruppin Academic Center, Israel. 

Shahar Sheratzky has served in different marketing roles in our company since 2007. In 2022 Mr. Shahar Sheratzky 
was nominated to Vice president, head of our business division. Among his responsibilities are the marketing, selling and 
digital fields. Mr. Sheratzky holds a MBA degree in business administration with a specialization in global marketing 
from Reichman University, Israel. Mr. Shahar Sheratzky is the nephew of Izzy Sheratzky and the cousin of Eyal, Nir and 
Gil Sheratzky and the son of Efraim Sheratzky. 

Our articles of association provide for staggered three-year terms for all of our directors (except our external 
directors, who are elected in accordance with the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law). The directors on our board 
(excluding the external directors) are divided into three classes, and each class of directors serves for a term of three 
years, as follows: Izzy Sheratzky, Gil Sheratzky and Zeev Koren (class C), who were re-elected on December 13, 2021; 
Nir Sheratzky, Yigal Shani and Yehuda  Kahane (class B), who were re-elected on December 10, 2020; and Eyal 
Sheratzky, Efraim Sheratzky, Tal Sheratzky-Jaffa and Yoav Kahane (class A), who were re-elected on December 12, 
2019. This classification of the board of directors may delay or prevent a change of control of our company. 

On December 28, 2016, an annual general shareholders meeting approved the extension of the term of Mr. Gideon 

Kotler, our external director, for additional three years (beginning April 30, 2017), which was extended to additional 
term of three years commencing on April 30, 2020. On December 10, 2020, an annual general and special shareholders 
meeting approved the re-election of Mr. Israel Baron, our external director, for additional three years. 

Shareholders Agreement and Articles of Association of Moked Ituran Ltd. 

Pursuant to Moked Ituran Ltd's articles of association and agreement (as amended) between its shareholders, there is 
a mechanism in place with regard to directors to be designated and voted for election by Moked Ituran Ltd in each of our 
annual shareholdings meeting for the relevant class of directors (four directors in class A and B and three in class C). The 
aforementioned is in effect only for as long as Moked Ituran Ltd holds at least 15% of our issued and outstanding share 
capital. 

B. 

COMPENSATION 

The aggregate direct compensation we paid to our directors who are not officers for their services as directors as a 

group for the year ended December 31, 2021 was approximately $ 286,000. Directors are reimbursed for expenses 
incurred in connection with their attendance of board or committee meetings. The compensation payable to external 
directors is determined in accordance with regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law. See Item 6.C - 
Board Practices under the caption “External directors” below. Our audit committee and board of directors approved 
compensation for Mr. Ze’ev Koren, for serving as the Chairman of our board of directors, and for Mr. Yoav Kahane, for 
serving as a member of our board committees, such that they shall be compensated in the same manner as our external 
directors are compensated, annually and per meeting, in accordance with the Companies Regulations (Rules for the 
Compensation and Expenses of an External Director), 2000-5760. In 2021, we paid the sum of NIS 443,000 
(approximately $137,000) to our external directors, NIS 200,000 (approximately $ 62,000) to Mr. Ze’ev Koren, NIS 
161,000 (approximately $50,000) to Mr. Yoav Kahane, NIS 120,000 (approximately $37,000) to Ms. Tal Sheratzky-
Jaffa. We do not have any agreements with directors providing for benefits upon termination of their respective services 
as such. 

Due to the Covid-19 effect, since April 2020 we reduced the monthly compensation of our President, Co-CEOs and 
manager of the Business Development by 25%. This was lifted since March, 2021. Due to the Covid-19 effect we also 
reduced the monthly salaries of our employees by 10%. This was lifted since January 2021. The aggregate costs to the 
Company of the compensation to our Co-Chief Executive Officers in 2021 were $4.5 million (including bonuses). The 

44 

aggregate compensation paid to all of our officers as a group during 2021 was approximately $ 13.4 million. In 2021 we 
paid an aggregate amount of $ 69,000 to one director who provided us with services. The above compensation amounts 
include  amounts  attributable  to  automobiles  made  available  to  our  officers  and  other  fringe  benefits  commonly 
reimbursed  or  paid  by  companies  in  Israel.  Employee  directors  do  not  receive  additional  fees  for  their  services  as 
directors. 

The following table sets forth the breakdown of the compensation of our 5 highest paid officers in 2021 according to 

our 2021 financial reports: 

Management 
fees 

   Wage    

Social 
components   

Car 
value    

Bonus 
(results 
based)    

Bonus (Share 
yield based)    

   Total    

Compensation components (in thousand US Dollars) 

Izzy Sheratzky 

(President) ................    

Eyal Sheratzky (Co-
Chief Executive 
Officer) ....................    

Nir Sheratzky (Co-
Chief Executive 
Officer) ....................    

Gil Sheratzky (CEO 
of our Subsidiary. 
International 
Activity and 
Business 
Development 
Officer) ....................    

Shahar Sheratzky 
(Vice president, 
head of our 
business division).....    

Total of our 5 
highest paid 
officers.....................    

781  

608  

608  

-   

-   

-   

-  

-  

-  

-  

     1,228  

836  

     2,845  

-  

-  

975  

975  

650  

     2,233  

650  

     2,233  

435  

-   

-  

-  

697  

464  

     1,596  

-  

182   

44  

17  

229  

-  

     472  

2,432  

182   

44  

17  

     4,104  

2,600  

     9,379  

During 2021, we set aside $535,000for the benefit of our officers for pension, retirement or similar benefits. We do 

not set aside any funds for the benefit of our directors who are not employees for any pension, retirement or similar 
benefits. 

All numbers in this section are rounded to the nearest thousand. 

During 2021, Messrs. Izzy Sheratzky, Eyal  Sheratzky,  Nir Sheratzky  and  Gil Sheratzky provided  their services as 
President, Co-Chief Executive Officers and CEO of our Subsidiary & International Activity and Business Development 
Officer  respectively,  as  independent  contractors  pursuant  to  services  agreements,  which  were  adopted  by  our 
shareholders meeting in January 2014, which terms correspond to our compensation policy as described below. 

On December 10, 2020 our annual general meeting of shareholders approved the extension of service agreements as 

independent contractors, of Messrs. Izzy Sheratzky, Eyal Sheratzky, Nir Sheratzky and Gil Sheratzky for a period of 
additional three years. 

For further details concerning such terms of service, please see Item 7.B – Related Parties Transactions under the 

caption “Transactions with our directors and principal officers.” 

In 2006, our compensation committee has devised a bonus scheme pursuant to which some of our officers and 
employees received shares of our profit before tax on a consolidated basis, based on their seniority, level of global and 
domestic involvement, contribution to our operations and other criteria set by the compensation committee. In 2010, our 
compensation committee resolved that additional managers shall be entitled to receive bonuses under this bonus scheme 

45 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
    
   
    
    
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
   
    
    
    
    
and that some of the grantees should continue to receive a bonus based on our consolidated results and some should 
receive a bonus based only on our solo financial statements. During 2021, we paid a total of $ 842,000to our officers and 
employees pursuant to the above bonus schemes. 

Our compensation policy for office holders 

In December 2012, amendment no. 20 to the Israeli Companies Law became effective. Among other things, this 
amendment requires Israeli public companies to set forth their policy regarding their office holders’ terms of office, 
including fixed compensation, target-based incentives, equity awards, severance and other benefits. The amendments 
also set forth the considerations that should be applied when devising a compensation policy for office holders. 

The term “office holder” is defined in the Israeli Companies Law, to mean the chief executive officer, chief business 

officer, deputy chief executive officer, vice chief executive officer, any other person fulfilling such position even if his 
title is different, as well as a director or a manager directly subordinate to the chief executive officer. 

The compensation policy must be approved every three years by the board of directors, after considering the 

recommendations of the compensation committee; and generally requires the approval of the company’s general meeting 
of shareholders by a special majority of shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and who do not have a 
personal interest in the approval of the policy; or, alternatively, that the non-controlling shareholders and shareholders 
who do not have a personal interest in the matter who are present and vote against the policy hold two percent or less of 
the voting power of the company. 

The compensation policy does not intend to amend any officer’s existing terms of office; nor to bestow any officer 

with a right to receive the compensation, or any element thereof set forth therein. However, generally, once the 
compensation policy is approved, all future terms of service of office holders should conform to its provisions. The 
specific terms of office of each officer shall be separately determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of the 
Israeli Companies Law and the regulations promulgated thereunder. 

Our general shareholders meeting approved our compensation policy for office holders on October 31, 2013, and on 

November 7, 2016 and later on December 12, 2019 approved a renewal and several minor amendments in our 
compensation policy (in order to reflect several changes in Israeli Company Law). The policy applies to office holders of 
the Company (see definition above), who serve as the Company’s President, Chief Executive Officer(s) and other 
executives who are deemed office holders of the Company, as well as office holders of the Company’s Israeli wholly 
owned subsidiaries, provided they report to the chief executive officer. The policy also applies to directors of the 
Company. 

Our compensation policy for office holders was formulated in view of our belief that our business success is the 
result of the excellence of our human resources and their devotion to the achievement of our company’s goals. Therefore, 
it is aimed at offering our officers with a competitive compensation package that will align their incentives with those of 
our company and our shareholders, and at motivating them to achieve the goals of our company, while avoiding undue 
pressure to take excessive risks. Among other factors, our compensation committee and board of directors have 
considered, as required by amendment no. 20 to the Israeli Companies Law and as reflected in the policy: (a) the 
advancement of the company’s goals, its business plan and its policy with a long-term view; (b) the creation of 
appropriate incentives for office holders, considering the company’s risk management policy; (c) the size of the company 
and the nature of its business; (d) with respect to variable components of the terms of office – the contribution of the 
office holders to the achievement of the company’s goals and to the maximization of its profits, with a long-term view 
and in accordance with the position of the office holder. 

The compensation policy incorporates all matters required to be included in a compensation policy as mandated by 

amendment 20 to the Israeli Companies Law, including (without limitation): (a) the requirement to consider the office 
holders’ education, skills, professional experience, expertise, position and past compensation agreements; (b) 
consideration of the ratios between overall compensation of the officers and the average and median salary of the other 
employees of the Company; (c) the board’s right to reduce variable compensation; (d) the determination of a maximum 
period for advanced and transition periods upon termination of services; (e) basing variable components of compensation 
on key performance indicators and on measurable criteria; (f) determining the ratio between fixed and variable 
components of compensation and setting forth caps on the amount of variable compensation payable; and (g) a claw-
back provision with respect to restatements of financial statements. For further details, see our full compensation policy 
for office holders, which is filed herewith as Exhibit 4.24 under Item 19 – Exhibits. 

46 

 
 
C. 

BOARD PRACTICES 

Board of Directors 

Pursuant to our articles of association as presently in effect, our board of directors generally consists of twelve 

directors, including at least three independent directors in accordance with the listing rules of Nasdaq concerning the 
composition of audit committees, of whom two directors are external directors as required by Israeli law. Our 
independent directors, as such term is defined under the Nasdaq listing rules, are Mr. Baron, Mr. Kotler, Mr. Koren, Mr. 
Yoav Kahane and Ms. Tal Sheratzky - Jaffa, Pursuant to our articles of association, other than the external directors, for 
whom special election requirements apply (see “External directors” below), our directors are elected, by majority of our 
shareholders and may be removed by special majority. However, see Item 6.A – Directors and Senior Management for a 
description of our staggered board and the shareholders agreement and articles of association of Moked Ituran Ltd. Our 
board of directors may at any time and from time to time appoint any other person as a director to fill a vacancy until the 
general meeting of shareholders in which the term of service of the replaced director was scheduled to expire. 

Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, our chairman convenes and presides over the meetings of the board. In 
addition, any two directors may convene a meeting of the board of directors, as well as a director who becomes aware of 
a company’s matter that allegedly involves a breach of the law or an improper business conduct. A quorum consists of a 
majority of the members of the board, and decisions are taken by a vote of the majority of the members present. Our 
articles of association provide that such quorum will in no event be less than two directors. 

We are incorporated in Israel and are therefore subject to the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law, including 
certain corporate governance provisions. Our ordinary shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (Our shares 
were delisted from the Tel Aviv stock exchange on May 25, 2016, for additional information see Item 9.A – Price 
History of Our Shares), and we are therefore subject to certain provisions of the Israeli securities laws, the U.S. securities 
Laws and the Nasdaq listing rules. See also Item 16.G. – Corporate Governance below for additional information 
concerning our compliance with the Nasdaq listing rules and exemptions therefrom. 

According to our Articles of Association, some of our officers and employees (including the chairman of our board 

and at least one third member of the Board) should be citizens and residents of Israel and receive clearance approval 
from the Israeli General Security Service. All the members of our board comply with these requirements. 

On February 26, 2017 our board has adopted an Internal Compliance policy, which following review of our internal 

process included a comprehensive update of our internal regulations and codification of our internal regulations, all 
pursuant to the applicable Israeli laws. 

External directors 

Under Israeli law, the board of directors of companies whose shares are publicly traded are required to include at 

least two members who qualify as external directors. External directors are to be elected by a majority vote at a 
shareholders’ meeting, provided that either: 

  Such majority includes at least the majority of the shares held by all non-controlling shareholders or those having 
personal interest in the nomination, except personal interest which is not resulting from connections with controlling 
shareholders, present and voting at such meeting; or 

  The total number of shares voted against the  election of the  external director  and held by shareholders  other than 
controlling shareholders or  those having personal  interest in the nomination, except  personal interest which is not 
resulting  from  connections  with  controlling  shareholders,  must  not  exceed  2%  of  the  shares  whose  holders  are 
entitled to vote at any meeting of shareholders. 

External directors are generally elected to serve an initial term of three years and may be re-elected to serve in that 

capacity for two additional three-year terms; however, companies whose securities are listed on recognized foreign 
exchanges, such as Nasdaq, may extend the service terms of their external directors for additional unlimited terms, each 
of no more of than three years , subject to the approval of the audit committee and the board of directors that such 
extension is for the benefit of the company in view of the directors’ expertise and special contribution to the operation of 
the board and its committees and these reasons together with the term served by the external director were presented to 
the shareholders prior to their approval (see the Israeli Companies Regulations (Allowances for Companies with 
Securities Listed on an Exchange Outside Israel), 2000-5760). The appointment of an external director for additional 
terms may be brought for the approval of the shareholders either by the board of directors or by a shareholder that holds 

47 

  
at least 1% of the company’s voting rights, provided that the nominee is not a related or competing shareholder (as 
defined below) or a relative thereof, at the time of the appointment, and does not have an affinity to such shareholder (as 
defined below) at the time of the appointment or the two years preceding such appointment. The term “related or 
competing shareholder” means the shareholder who proposed the appointment or a 5% shareholder of the company if, at 
the time of the appointment, his controlling person or a company controlled by either of them, has business relations with 
the company, or if he, his controlling person or a company controlled by either of them are competitors of the company. 
The term “affinity” means the on-going existence of work relationship, business or professional relationship or control 
and the service as an officer. 

External directors may generally be removed from office by the same majority of shareholders required for their 

election or by a court, in each case, only under limited circumstances, including if they cease to meet the statutory 
qualification for their appointment or violate the duty of loyalty to the company. 

If at the time of the appointment of an external director, all directors who are not controlling persons or their 

relatives are of the same gender, then the elected external director must be of the other gender. 

Each committee of the board of directors that is vested with an authority of the board must include at least one 
external director, except that the audit committee and compensation committee must include all external directors then 
serving on the board of directors. The Israeli Companies Law prohibits external directors from receiving, directly or 
indirectly, any compensation other than for services as an external director pursuant to the provisions and limitations set 
forth in the applicable regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law. 

Israeli law provides that a person is not qualified to serve as an external director if he is a relative (as defined in the 
Israeli Companies Law) of the company’s controlling person, or if, at the time of his/her appointment and/or at any time 
during the two years preceding his or her appointment, that person, a relative, partner or employer of that person, or any 
entity under that person’s control, has or has had an affinity (as defined above) to the company, its controlling person or 
its relative or to any entity that, as of the date of appointment, or at any time during the two years preceding that date, is 
controlled by the company or by its controlling person. In addition, no person may serve as an external director if that 
person’s professional activities create, or may create, a conflict of interest with that person’s responsibilities as a director 
or otherwise interfere with that person’s ability to serve as a director; and, a person already serving as a director of one 
company may not be appointed as an external director of the company if at that time a director of the company is serving 
as an external director of the first company. In addition, a company, controlling shareholder and any other entity 
controlled by the controlling shareholder may not grant to such external director, its spouse or child, any benefits, 
directly or indirectly, and the external director, its spouse or child may not be appointed to serve in any position, may not 
be employed by and may not, directly or indirectly, render any professional services to the company, such controlling 
shareholder or any other entity controlled by the controlling shareholder, during the first two years following such 
external director’s termination of tenure of office, and with respect to a relative who is not the external director’s spouse 
or child – during the first year following such termination. 

Mr. Israel Baron is now serving his seventh term as an external director of the Company, who was reelected on of 

December 10, 2020 for a term of 3 years. Mr. Gideon Kotler was appointed on April 30, 2014 by an extraordinary 
shareholders meeting as our new external director, following the death of our former external director, Dr. Orna Ophir, in 
January 2014 and was reelected by our general shareholders meeting on December 28, 2016, for his second term, of 
additional 3 years term starting from April 30, 2017, which was later extended for additional term of three years 
beginning April 30, 2020. 

Audit committee 

Under Israeli law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint an audit committee. The audit committee 

must comprise of at least three directors, including all of the external directors and the chairman of the audit committee 
must be an external director. In addition, the majority of the members of the audit committee must be independent 
directors. Under the Israeli Companies Law, a director is considered “independent” if he/she is an external director or if 
he/she meets the qualifications of an external director, has not served as a director of the company for over 9 consecutive 
years, and has been classified as such. Under Israeli regulations a director who serves more than 9 consecutive years as a 
director may still be deemed as "independent director" provided the Audit committee and thereafter the board of 
directors resolved that his-her tenure as a director for an extend term is for the benefit of the company based on his/her 
expertise and unique contribution to the board and its committees. Our Audit committee and board of directors so 
resolved with regard to Messrs. Israel Baron and Yoav Kahane. The audit committee may not include the chairman of 
the board, any director who is employed by the company or regularly provides services to the company (other than as a 
board member), a controlling shareholder or any relative of such person. All audit committee decisions must be approved 

48 

by a majority of the committee members of which the majority of members present are independent directors. 
Furthermore, a person who is not eligible to serve on the audit committee is restricted from participating in its meetings 
and votes, unless the chairman of the audit committee determines that such person’s presence is necessary in order to 
present a certain matter, provided however, that the company employees who are not controlling shareholders or 
relatives of such shareholders may be present in the meetings but not in the actual votes and likewise, company counsel 
and secretary who are not controlling shareholders or relatives of such shareholders may be present in meetings and 
decisions of such present is requested by the audit committee. 

Our audit committee must also meet the requirements of the Nasdaq listing rules concerning audit committees. 

Our board of directors has formed an audit committee that is empowered, among other things, to exercise the powers 

of the board of directors concerning our accounting, reporting and financial control practices. Our audit committee 
operates in accordance with a charter, which complies with the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law and the Nasdaq 
listing rules. The members of the audit committee are currently Messrs. Israel Baron, Gidon Kotler and Yoav Kahane, all 
of whom are independent as required of members of the audit committee under the Nasdaq listing rules. Mr. Gidon 
Kotler was appointed on April 30, 2014 to replace Dr. Orna Ophir who passed away in January 2014. Our board of 
directors has determined that Mr. Israel Baron possesses financial sophistication as required by Rule 5605(c)(2) under 
the Nasdaq listing rules, and that both Mr. Baron and Mr. Kotler possess accounting and financial expertise as defined by 
Israeli regulations. 

Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Regulations (Provisions and Conditions regarding the Financial Statements’ 
Authorization Process), 2010, a reporting entity, except for a reporting entity that is subject to Chapter E(3) of the Israeli 
Securities Act, is required to establish a committee of the board of directors for the examination of financial statements. 
Since we are a reporting entity under Chapter E(3), we are not obliged to constitute a committee for the examination of 
financial statements; and therefore, commencing with the financial statements for the first quarter of 2013, we ceased 
holding meetings of the examination of financial statements committee; and instead, our audit committee considers the 
financial statements prior to their approval by the board. 

Pursuant to the 22nd amendment in the Israeli Company law, which was set to define new rules to approve 
transaction of the public company with its controlling shareholders, or the transaction in which the controlling 
shareholder has interest. The law requires from our Audit committee to set up rules to define the criteria for classification 
of transactions, which are neither Insignificant Transactions nor extraordinary transactions, and their procedures of 
approval that will be determined per each year in advance. In addition, the law requires from the Audit Committee to set 
methods of examining transactions with the controlling shareholders, in order to enable their classification and their 
comparison to the conditions in the free market. The Audit Committee resolved on September 29, 2014 as follows: 

1.  Transaction that is neither extraordinary, nor insignificant. 

Definition: the relevant criteria that is calculated for the transaction is such transaction which is higher than 
0.25% of the equity of the company according its last combined financial reports, or higher than 1% of average 
net revenue of the past 3 years of the company in their absolute value, in the last 2 calendar years prior to the 
date of the transaction is being reported according the last financial report of the company. 
Methods of approval: approval by the senior management of the company (from vice chief executive officer and 
higher) and report to the Board. The following transactions will require also the approval of the Audit 
Committee: 

(1)  Transaction which is higher than 4.5% of the equity of the company according its last combined financial 

reports which were published prior to the approval of the transaction. 

2. 

(2)  Transaction that involves risks or significant exposure beyond mere monetary liabilities or obligations. 
(3)  Transaction in which the company enters a new activity field or exits from an existing activity field. 
Insignificant transaction: 
Definition: such transaction which is not higher than 0.25% of the equity of the company according its last 
combined financial reports or is not higher than 1% of average net revenue of the past 3 years of the company in 
their absolute value, in the last 2 calendar years prior to the date of the transaction is being reported according 
the last financial report of the company. 
Methods of approval: Approval by the management of the company or by the officer in charge in the company 
(vice chief executive officer, other officer or other in charged body in the company according the decisions of 
the company). 

49 

  
 
 
3.  General rules: 

(1)  Any transaction with a controlling shareholder or any transaction that a controlling shareholder has an 

interest in, will be brought before the Audit Committee, which will determine its type and decide on case 
by case basis on defining it as an insignificant transaction or other kind of transaction, and will decide on its 
review and on its approval. 

(2)  According the adopted criteria, transactions with Tzivtit Insurance Agency (1998) Ltd. and with Rinat 

Yogev Nadlan Ltd. shall be classified as insignificant transactions. If the extent of such transactions will 
remain similar during the following years, our management shall be deemed qualified to approve such 
transactions and to report them to the Audit Committee. 

(3)  Every year the criteria for classifying transactions as set up above shall be brought for re-approval by the 

Audit Committee. 

Compensation committee 

The Israeli Companies Law mandates the appointment of a compensation committee comprising of at least three 
directors. The compensation committee must include all of the external directors, who shall constitute the majority of the 
members thereof, and its remaining members shall be directors whose terms of service comply with the provisions 
promulgated concerning the remuneration of external directors. The chairman of the committee must be an external 
director. The members of the Compensation committee are currently Israel Baron, Gideon Kotler and Yoav Kahane. Mr. 
Gidon Kotler was appointed on April 30, 2014 to replace Dr. Orna Ophir who passed away in January 2014. All 
members of our compensation committee are independent directors as defined by the Nasdaq listing rules, and all of 
whom meet the composition requirements under the Israeli Companies Law. Since February 2016, the Israeli Companies 
Law permits that Audit Committee can serve also as a Compensation committee, provided that it will comply with 
requirements of the Compensation Committee as explained above. 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, the compensation committee is responsible for: (i) making recommendations to 

the board of directors with respect to the approval of the compensation policy for office holders and any extensions 
thereto; (ii) periodically reviewing the implementation of the compensation policy and providing the board of directors 
with recommendations with respect to any amendments or updates thereto; (iii) reviewing and resolving whether or not 
to approve arrangements with respect to the terms of office of office holders; and (iv) determining whether or not to 
exempt a transaction with a candidate for chief executive officer from shareholders' approval. 

Furthermore, our compensation committee oversees, on behalf of the Board, the management of Ituran’s 

compensation and other human resources-related issues and otherwise carries out on behalf of the Board its 
responsibilities relating to these issues. The committee is responsible for establishing annual and long-term performance 
goals and objectives for our executive officers. In addition, as required under the Nasdaq listing rules, our compensation 
committee is responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of any compensation consultant, 
legal counsel and other adviser retained by the committee; and may retain such advice only after taking into account the 
considerations set forth in the Nasdaq listing rules in this respect. Our compensation committee operates in accordance 
with a charter, which complies with the provisions of the Israeli Companies Law and the Nasdaq listing rules. 

According to our compensation committee charter, the compensation committee, among its other duties, is 

responsible on reviewing the disclosure in this form which concerns the Compensation Policy and the sections describing 
the Terms of Service of Officers, controlling persons and their relatives. 

Internal auditor 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint an internal auditor 

nominated by the audit committee. An internal auditor may not be: 

 
 
 
 

a person (or a relative of a person) who holds more than 5% of the company’s shares or voting rights; 
a person (or a relative of a person) who has the power to appoint a director or the general manager of the company; 
an executive officer, director or other affiliate of the company; or 
a member of the company’s independent accounting firm. 

The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other things, the compliance of the company’s conduct with 
applicable law and orderly business procedures. Our internal auditor in 2020 was Shimon Yarel, CPA, who has served as 
our internal auditor since January 1999. On March 2, 2021, the audit committee and the board of directors approved the 
appointment of Ms. Alexandra Meron Yarel as an internal auditor instead of Mr Shimon Yarel, and that is due to his 
retirement. 

50 

  
D. 

EMPLOYEES 

The following table sets forth the total number of our employees at the end of each of the past three years, and a 

breakdown of such employees by main category of activity and by geographic location: 

Year Ended December 31, 
2020 

2021 

2019 

By area of activity: 
Control Center ..........................................................................................       
Research and Development ......................................................................       
Sales and Marketing .................................................................................       
Technical support and IT..........................................................................       
Finance, Administration and Management...............................................       
Private enforcement and operations .........................................................       
Manufacturing ..........................................................................................       
Total ........................................................................................................       

By geographic location (out of total): 
Israel .........................................................................................................       
Brazil ........................................................................................................       
Others .......................................................................................................       
Total ........................................................................................................       

520  
136  
84  
489  
375  
1,041  
169  
2,814  

864  
782  
1,168  
2,814  

568  
137  
71  
494  
351  
1,015  
125  
2,761  

855  
820  
1,086  
2,761  

552  
154  
69  
467  
380  
1,143  
143  
2,908  

863  
884  
1,161  
2,908  

We consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory and have no ongoing major labor disputes or 
material labor-related litigation. Our employees are subject to local labor laws and regulations, which in some countries 
are more stringent than others. Some of our senior executives also have employment agreements that may grant them 
rights in excess of those provided by the applicable laws. 

Israel 

Our employees in Israel are subject to Israeli labor laws and regulations and employment customs. The applicable 

labor laws and regulations principally concern matters such as paid annual vacation, paid sick days, length of the 
workday, payment for overtime and severance pay. Israeli law generally requires severance pay equal to one month’s 
salary for each year of employment upon retirement or death of an employee or termination of employment without 
cause. Furthermore, Israeli employees and employers are required to pay predetermined sums to the National Insurance 
Institute, which is similar to the United States Social Security Administration. Since January 1, 1995, these amounts also 
include payments for national health insurance. 

Israeli labor laws impose on employers increased liability, including monetary sanctions and criminal liability, in 

cases of violations of certain labor laws and certain violations by contractors providing maintenance, security and 
cleaning services. 

Brazil 

Our employment agreements in Brazil are subject to Brazilian labor laws and regulations, to collective labor 
agreements or bargaining arrangements with unions and contract. The laws and regulations in Brazil govern almost all 
aspects of an employment relationship and do not leave much room to be negotiated with the employee. Still, 
employment contracts create obligations to the parties if they are in compliance with the law. The Labor Code mainly 
governs the employees’ right to paid annual vacation, paid sick days, the maximum length of a workday, minimum 
payment for overtime and statutory severance pay. Brazilian law generally requires severance pay equal to 50% of the 
balance of the employee’s FGTS account (a mandatory fund to guarantee severance and unemployment). The FGTS can 
also be withdrawn when the employee retires, dies or his employment is terminated without cause, among others. 
Brazilian employers are required to purchase health insurance for employees only in the event it is set forth by the 
applicable collective labor agreement, contract or company policy, and are required to cover employees’ food and travel 
costs whenever a business trip is required, and to make deposits into a Guarantee Severance Fund (the so-called 
“FGTS”). Furthermore, Brazilian employees and employers are required to make contributions to the National Insurance 
Institute (“INSS”), similar to the United States Social Security Administration. Our collections to the National Insurance 
Institute amount to 34.8% to 39.8% of the payrolls, out of which 8% to 11% (limited to R$5,839.45 of individual salary) 
corresponds to contributions by the employees deducted from salaries and 26.8% is the fixed part we pay. Our 
contribution of 26.8% includes mandatory contribution to the Public Insurance for Labor Accidents and Diseases (SAT). 

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According to Decree Law 6957/2009 such portion, which varies from 1% to 3% of payroll, should be multiplied by 
another factor (FAP) from 0.5 to 2 in order to reduce or increase our burden to reflect statistics of occupational accidents 
and diseases in our business. 

All of our employees in Brazil, excluding the chief executive officer, some directors (VPs) and and some IT 

providers are represented by a labor union and the employees’ mandatory contributions to their union are paid by us. The 
law no. 13.467/2017, which entered into force on November 11, 2017, made the labor union contribution optional (i.e., 
discounted only upon the employees’ consent). 

Argentina 

Our employees in Argentina are subject to Argentine labor laws and regulations and other special practices and 
employment customs. The laws and regulations in Argentina control all aspects of labor relations and designate a general 
Employment Contract with which all employees and employers must comply. This general Employment Contract adopts 
by reference the provisions of the Labor Law which principally concerns matters such as paid annual vacation, paid sick 
days, the length of the workday, and payment for overtime and severance pay. 

Argentine law generally requires severance pay equal to one month per year of service upon the termination of 

employment without a justified cause. 

On December 13, 2019, the new Government issued Decree No. 34/2019, which doubles the amount of 

compensation for dismissal without just cause, initially governing a period of 180 days, which was later extended, as 
well as the extension of the prohibition of dismissals and suspension without just cause until December 31st, 2021. 
Currently the prohibition of dismissals has been repealed, however regarding aggravated compensation, under DNU 
886/2021 published on 12/23/2021, has been extended until June 30th, 2022, with a scheme of different and decreasing 
percentages in 2-month tranches. 

Argentine employers are also required to contribute for the following items: (a) Pension funds 20.70 % (b) health 
insurance for employees 6% (c) occupational accident insurance 1.36%d for January to November 2021 and 1,74% since 
December 2021 on  %; and (d) Retirement fund insurance 2.5% (only this item is for Union Employees). All the rates 
should be applied on the gross salary. 

Our employees in Argentina, excluding the chief executive officer and a number of other employees, are members 

of a labor union and the employee member fees are paid by them. 

United States 

We have no collective bargaining agreements with any of our employees in the United States and none of our 

employees are members of a union. 

Mexico 

The hiring of employees in Mexico is subject to the regulations of the Federal Labor Law, the Social Security Law, 

the Infonavit Law, the Income Tax Law, Afore, and Infonacot In these laws both workers and employers have 
obligations and rights ; the percentage corresponding to the employer is 40% in Payroll and Employee Tax depending on 
their level of income. The working relationship between employer and employee is regulated by the Individual work 
contract In Mexico we have several modalities of types of Labor Contract, according to the permanence and type of 
contract, example: Contract for a Determined Time, Permanent Contract, and Contract for Determined Work. In these 
Contracts the conditions of the work are specified. Within our company we also have working relationships through 
outsourcing, where our employees have the same rights and obligations and adhere to the same internal and legal 
guidelines. Contract terminations without cause by the employer require the payment of 3 months' salary as a concept of 
damages. 

Ecuador 

Our employees in Ecuador are subject by the Ecuadorian Labor Code. The Labor Code provides for a 40-hour work 

week, 15 calendar days of annual paid vacation, restrictions and sanctions for those who employ child labor, general 
protection of worker health and safety, minimum wages and bonuses, maternity and paternity leave, and employer-
provided benefits. The 2008 Constitution bans child labor, requires hiring workers with disabilities, and unpaid 
internships are not permitted in Ecuador. The law also mandates that employees’ thirteenth and fourteenth month 
bonuses, which are required by law, be paid in installments throughout the year instead of in lump sums. Employees 

52 

have the option to opt out of this change and continue to receive the payments in lump sums. The law eliminates fixed-
term employee contracts and replaced them with indefinite contracts, which shortens the allowable trial period for 
employees to 90 days. The Law for Labor Justice and Recognition of Work in the Home, which included several changes 
related to labor and social security, took effect in April 2015. Workers in the private sector have the constitutional right 
to form trade unions and local law allows for unionization of any company with more than 30 employees. Private 
employers are required to engage in collective bargaining with recognized unions. The Labor Code provides for 
resolution of union´s conflicts through a tripartite arbitration and conciliation board process. The Code also prohibits 
discrimination against union members and requires that employers provide space for union activities. 

Colombia 

Our employees in Colombia are subject to Colombian labor laws and regulations. All employees have an indefinite 

term employment contract and the law determines a minimum monthly salary (MMS), which is increased annually by 
the government and used to calculate labor obligations. 48 hours are the maximum hours for a week. All employees are 
affiliated with the Social Security System (Health, Pension and Occupational Risks), a percentage is paid by the 
company and the other by the employee, the calculation depends on the salary. The law determines additional benefits 
called social benefits payable by the company: Holidays: 15 working days for each year worked; Premium corresponds 
to the payment of 15 days of salary per semester worked or fraction; Unemployment corresponds to the payment of 30 
days of salary per year worked or fraction; Unemployment interest corresponds to 12% of severance pay; Employees 
who earn less than 2 MMS must be given 3 times a year clothing and footwear or equivalent in bonuses. Termination of 
employment relationship by the company without a justified reason, is coupled with compensation to the employee. 
Additionally, for every 20 employees, the company must hire an apprentice who will receive financial support from 1 
MMS, and who will be employed for a period of 6 months. Currently the company doesn't have any unionized employee. 
For year 2022, Income Tax raises to 35%, as a result of tax reform approved by Colombia congress on 2021 (2021 
income tax rate was 31%). 

E. 

SHARE OWNERSHIP 

The following sets forth, as of April  15, 2022 the share ownership of our directors and executive officers listed in 
Item 6.A above. All of the information with respect to beneficial ownership by our directors and executive officers has 
been furnished by the respective director or executive officer, as the case may be. 

Name of Director/Officer (1) 
Izzy Sheratzky (4)..................................................................................................      
Professor Yehuda Kahane (5) ................................................................................      
Zeev Koren ..........................................................................................................      
Efraim Sheratzky (6) .............................................................................................      
Yigal Shani (7) ......................................................................................................      
Eyal Sheratzky ....................................................................................................      
Nir Sheratzky ......................................................................................................      
Gil Sheratzky .......................................................................................................      
Yoav Kahane .......................................................................................................      
Tal Sheratzky-Jaffa .............................................................................................      
Israel Baron .........................................................................................................      
Gidon Kotler .......................................................................................................      
Ami Saranga ........................................................................................................      
Eli Kamer ............................................................................................................      
Guy Aharonov .....................................................................................................      
Udi Mizrahi .........................................................................................................      
Shahar Sheratzky .................................................................................................      

* Own less than one percent of our shares. 

Number of 
Ordinary 
Shares 
Beneficially 
Owned (2) 

Percentage of 
beneficial 
ownership (3) 

4,077,317  
1,451,137  
-  
223,008  
229,052  
-  
-  
-  
-  
2,403*      
-  
105*      
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

19.87  
7.06  
-  
1.09  
1.12  
-  
-  
-  
-  
0.0112* 
-  
*  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

(1)  This table includes only current directors and officers that beneficially hold our shares. 

53 

 
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
  
(2)  Beneficial ownership’ is determined in  accordance with the  rules  of  the  Securities  and Exchange Commission (as 
defined in Rule 13d – 3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) and shares deemed beneficially owned by virtue 
of the right of any person or group to acquire such ordinary shares within 60 days are treated as outstanding only for 
the purposes of determining the percent owned by such person or group. To our knowledge, the persons and entities 
named in the table above are believed to have sole voting and investment power with respect to all ordinary shares 
shown as owned by them, except as described below. 

(3)  Amounts in this column are based on 23,475,431 ordinary shares issued as of April 15, 2022, less 2,962,934 treasury 

shares held by us. 

(4)  Shares  beneficially  owned  include:  (a)  4,075,952  shares  owned  by  Moked  Ituran  Ltd.,  which  Mr.  Sheratzky  is 
deemed to beneficially owns due to his shared voting and investment power over such shares in accordance with that 
certain shareholders agreement, dated May 18, 1998 as amended on September 6, 2005 and on September 17, 2014, 
among  Moked  Ituran  and  its  shareholders,  which  we  refer  to  as  the  Moked  Shareholders  Agreement.  For  further 
information  concerning  the  Moked  Shareholders  Agreement  see  the  discussion  under  Item  6.A.  –  Directors  and 
Senior Management under the caption “Shareholders Agreement and Articles of Association of Moked Ituran Ltd.” 
above; (b) 1,365 shares that are directly held by Mr. Sheratzky’s wife, Maddie Sheratzky. 

(5)  Shares  beneficially  owned  include:  (a)  13,264  shares  directly  owned  by  Professor  Kahane  jointly  with  his  wife, 
Rivka  Kahane;(b)  5,782  shares  owned  by  Yehuda  Kahane  Ltd.,  which  Professor  Kahane  may  be  considered  to 
beneficially  own  by  virtue  of  his  shared  voting  and  investment  control  of  the  company  through  his  50% 
shareholdings thereof, the other 50% being owned by his wife, Rivka Kahane; and (c) 1,432,091 shares owned by 
Moked Ituran Ltd., which Professor Kahane may be considered to beneficially own by virtue of his right to direct 
the  disposition  of  such  shares  in  accordance  with  Moked’s  articles  of  association.  Professor  Kahane  has  shared 
voting and investment control over Yehuda Kahane Ltd., a holder of  35.13% of the shares of Moked Ituran. 

(6)  Shares beneficially owned include: (a) 3,956 shares directly owned by Efraim Sheratzky, (b) 25,000 shares owned 
by Tzivtit Insurance Agency (1998) Ltd., which Efraim Sheratzky may be considered to beneficially own by virtue 
of his shared voting and investment control over such shares through his 50% ownership thereof, the other 50% of 
the  shares  held  by  Yigal  Shani,  and  (c)  206,552  shares  owned  by  Moked  Ituran,  which  Mr.  Sheratzky  may  be 
considered  to  beneficially  own  by  virtue  of  his  right  to  direct  the  disposition  of  such  shares  in  accordance  with 
Moked’s articles of association. Mr. Sheratzky may be considered to beneficially own such shares by virtue of his 
sole voting and investment control over his wholly owned G T.S.D. Holdings Ltd, the holder of 3.75% of Moked’s 
shares. 

(7)  Shares  beneficially  owned  include:  (a)  10,000  shares  directly  owned  by  Yigal  Shani,  (b)  25,000  shares  owned  by 
Tzivtit  Insurance  Agency  (1998)  Ltd.,  which  Yigal  Shani  may  be  considered  to beneficially  own  by  virtue  of his 
shared  voting  and  investment  control  over  such  shares  through  his  50%  ownership  thereof,  the  other  50%  of  the 
shares  held  by  Efraim  Sheratzky,  and  (c)  206,552  shares  owned  by  Moked  Ituran,  which  Mr.  Shani  may  be 
considered  to  beneficially  own  by  virtue  of  his  right  to  direct  the  disposition  of  such  shares  in  accordance  with 
Moked’s articles of association. Mr. Shani may be considered to beneficially own such shares by virtue of his sole 
voting and investment control over his wholly owned G.N.S. Holdings, the holder of 3.75% of Moked’s shares. 

ITEM 7. 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

A. 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS 

The following table shows the number of our ordinary shares beneficially owned by (a) the shareholders known to 
us as of April 15, 2022, to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding ordinary shares and (b) all of our directors 
and executive officers as a group. 

Please also see Item 6.E above. 

There are no shares underlying options or warrants held by such persons. 

54 

  
The shareholders listed below do not have any different or special voting rights from any other shareholders of our 

company. Except where otherwise indicated, we believe, based on information furnished by the owners, that the 
beneficial owners of the ordinary shares listed below have sole investment and voting power with respect to such shares. 

Shareholder 
Moked Ituran Ltd. (1) .................................................................................................      
All directors and executive officers as a group (2). ....................................................      
Vulcan Value Partners (3) ..........................................................................................      
FMR LLC. (4) ............................................................................................................      
Renaissance Technologies LLC. (5) ..........................................................................      
The Phoenix Holdings Ltd(6) .....................................................................................      
Ibex Investors LLC(7) ................................................................................................      
Treasury shares..........................................................................................................      

Number of 
Ordinary 
Shares 
Beneficially 
Owned 

4,075,952  
4,137,827  
3,138,608  
1,540,997  
1,279,400  
1,773,049  
1,144,707  
2,962,934  

   % Voting    
19.87  
20.17  
15.30  
7.51  
6.24  
8.64  
5.58  

(1) Moked’s articles of association provides that each of Moked’s shareholders shall have the right to direct Moked to 
dispose of such number of our shares corresponding to his or her relative shareholdings in Moked. In addition, ownership 
of all shares held by Moked are attributed to Mr. Izzy Sheratzky by virtue of his holdings in Moked. Please see Item 6.E 
above for the ownership of our shares attributed to Moked’s shareholders. For further information please see Item 6.A – 
Directors and Senior Management under the caption “Shareholders Agreement and Articles of Association of Moked 
Ituran Ltd” above. 
(2) Includes shares held by Moked Ituran Ltd., which ownership are attributed to some of these directors and executive 
officers. 
(3) The information presented herein is based on Form 13G filed by Vulcan Value Partners, LLC (“Vulcan”) on February 
14,  2022.  According  to  the  information  presented  on  such  Form  13G,  Vulcan  is  an  investment  adviser,  and  various 
persons, including the investment companies and owners of the separate accounts to which Vulcan serves as investment 
adviser, have the right to receive or the power to direct the receipt of dividends from, or the proceeds from the sale of, 
the Company’s securities that are the subject of Form 13G. 
(4) The  information  presented  herein  is  based  on  Form  13G  filed  by  FMR  LLC.  (“FMR”)  on  February    9,  2022. 
According to the information presented on such Form 13G, the shares are beneficially owned by members of the Johnson 
family, including Abigail P. Johnson, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common 
shares  of  FMR  LLC,  representing  49%  of  the  voting  power  of  FMR  LLC.  For  further  information  on  the  beneficial 
ownership by the portfolio accounts, please refer to Form 13G filed by FMR on February 9, 2022. 
(5) The  information  presented  herein  is  based  on  Form  13G  filed  by  Renaissance  Technologies  LLC.  (“RTC”) 
Renaissance  Technologies  Holdings  Corporation  (“RTHC”) on  February  11,  2022.  According  to  the  information 
presented on such Form 13G, the shares are beneficially owned by RTC, which is a Delaware limited liability company. 
For further information on the beneficial ownership by the portfolio accounts, please refer to Form 13G filed by RTC on 
February 11, 2022. 
(6) The  information  presented  herein  is  based  on  Form  13G  filed  by  The  Phoenix  Holdings  Ltd.  (“The  Phoenix”) on 
February 7, 2022. According to the information presented on such Form 13G, the shares are beneficially owned by The 
Phoneix Group. For further information on the beneficial ownership by the portfolio accounts, please refer to Form 13G 
filed by The Phoneix on February 7, 2022. 
(7) The information presented herein is based on Form 13G filed by Ibex Investors LLC (“Ibex”) on January 27, 2022 
and form 13GA filed on April 4, 2022. According to the information presented on such Form 13G, the shares are directly 
beneficially  owned  by  Ibex  Israel  Fund  LLLP,  a  Delaware  limited  liability  partnership  (the  “Fund”),  and  Ibex  is  the 
investment manager of the Fund. For further information on the beneficial ownership please refer to Form 13G filed by 
Ibex on January 27, 2022. 

As of December 2021, we had a total of approximately 3,670 shareholders (including the Depository Trust 

Company) of record in the United States with registered addresses in the United States. The number of record holders in 
the United States is not representative of the number of beneficial holders nor is it representative of where such 
beneficial holders are resident since many of these ordinary shares were held of record by brokers or other nominees. 

55 

 
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
   
B. 

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS 

Transactions with our directors and principal officers 

We purchase our insurance policies, including our directors’ and officers’ insurance, through Tzivtit Insurance 
Agency (1998) Ltd., an insurance agency owned by Efraim Sheratzky, a director of the company and a shareholder of 
Moked, the brother of the President of our company and the uncle of both of our Co-Chief Executive Officers, and by 
Yigal Shani, who is one of our directors and is a shareholder of Moked. During 2021 We paid an annual aggregate 
amount of NIS 1,469,000 or $455,000 , for our basic insurance policies and NIS 3,111,000 or $963,000 for our directors’ 
and officers’ insurance policy. During 2021 Tzivtit Insurance Agency was entitled to commissions in an aggregate 
amount of NIS 367,000 or $ 114,00 which is paid by the insurance company on account of these policies. 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and officers and the officers and 
directors of our subsidiaries providing them with indemnification for liabilities or expenses incurred as a result of acts 
performed by them in their capacity as our directors and officers. Our general meeting of shareholders approved on 
January 28, 2014 an amendment to these indemnification agreements and the grant thereof to office holders, including 
controlling persons and their relatives, who serve at our company and its subsidiaries from time to time. For the full 
indemnification agreements as so approved, please see Exhibit 4.19 under Item 19 – Exhibits. 

Our general meeting of shareholders has also approved on January 28, 2014 the procurement from time to time of 

directors’ and officers’ insurance policies covering the liability of office holders, including controlling persons and their 
relatives, who serve at the Company and its subsidiaries from time to time, under the following terms: (a) the principal 
terms of the D&O insurance policies shall not materially deviate from the terms of our current directors’ and officers’ 
insurance policy; or (b) to the extent that the Company shall desire to procure a D&O insurance policy, which a material 
term thereof adversely deviates ( from our company’s point of view) from the terms of the current policy, then our 
company’s board of the directors shall confirm that, notwithstanding such deviation, our procurement of such policy is 
compatible with market terms and does not materially affect our profitability, assets or liabilities.. 

In February 2014, following the approval of our general meeting of shareholders on January 28, 2014, we entered 

into service agreements, setting forth the terms of service of our President and Co-Chief Executive Officers in 
compliance with our compensation policy for office holders; and E-Com entered into a service agreement setting forth 
the terms of service of its Chief Executive Officer in compliance with our compensation policy for officer holders. The 
principal terms of these agreements are as follows: 

Mr. Izzy Sheratzky shall provide his services as an independent contractor through A. Sheratzky Holdings Ltd., 
which shall be entitled to a monthly payment of NIS 225,000 (or $70,000) plus VAT, linked to the consumer price index 
for December 2013. At the request of the service provider, part of the fixed monthly pay may be granted through 
benefits, such as the provision of a company car for the use o/f Mr. Sheratzky and the payment of its maintenance costs 
and the cost of tax resulting there from the fixed monthly pay shall also include Mr. Sheratzky’s entitlement for a 25 
days’ vacation and sick days as provided by law. The service provider shall also be entitled to payment or reimbursement 
of expenses, including hosting expenses, subsistence allowance abroad and participation in work-related home telephone 
expenses. The service provider shall be entitled to Target-based Cash Incentives and Excess Return Cash Incentives as 
detailed below. The agreement shall be in force for a period of 3 years and may be terminated upon 180 days’ advance 
notice of termination; however, the company may terminate the agreement without an advance notice and without 
compensation if the following shall occur: (a) Mr. Sheratzky is convicted of a criminal offense involving moral 
turpitude; (b) a final court ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has breached his 
fiduciary duty towards the company; (c) a final court ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. 
Sheratzky has materially breached the agreement through the unauthorized disclosure of company’s secrets or 
competition with the company. The aggregate amounts paid to A. Sheratzky according this new service agreement in 
2019, 2020 and 2021 were approximately $ 2,136,000, $ 1,096,000 and $ 3,412,000 respectively (the numbers include 
17% value added tax). 

Mr. Eyal Sheratzky shall provide his services as an independent contractor through ORAS Capital Ltd. which shall 

be entitled to a monthly payment of NIS 175,000 (or $ 54,000) plus VAT, linked to the consumer price index for 
December 2013. At the request of the service provider, part of the fixed monthly pay may be granted through benefits, 
such as the provision of a company car for the use of Mr. Sheratzky and the payment of its maintenance costs and the 
cost of tax resulting therefrom. The fixed monthly pay shall also include Mr. Sheratzky’s entitlement for a 25 days’ 
vacation and sick days as provided by law. The service provider shall also be entitled to payment or reimbursement of 
expenses, including hosting expenses and subsistence allowance abroad. The service provider shall be entitled to Target-
based Cash Incentives and Excess Return Cash Incentives as detailed below. The agreement shall be in force for a period 

56 

of 3 years and may be terminated upon 180 days’ advance notice of termination; however, the company may terminate 
the agreement without an advance notice and without compensation if the following shall occur: (a) Mr. Sheratzky is 
convicted of a criminal offense involving moral turpitude; (b) a final court ruling (without the possibility of appeal) 
determines that Mr. Sheratzky has breached his fiduciary duty towards the company; (c) a final court ruling (without the 
possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has materially breached the agreement through the unauthorized 
disclosure of company’s secrets or competition with the company. The aggregate amount paid to ORAS Capital Ltd in 
2019, 2020 and 2021 was approximately $ 1,707,000, $ 864,000 and $ 2,692,000 respectively (the numbers include 
value added tax). 

Mr. Nir Sheratzky shall provide his services as an independent contractor through Galnir Management and 
Investments Ltd., which shall be entitled to a monthly payment of NIS 175,000 (or $ 54,000) plus VAT, linked to the 
consumer price index for December 2013. At the request of the service provider, part of the fixed monthly pay may be 
granted through benefits, such as the provision of a company car for the use of Mr. Sheratzky and the payment of its 
maintenance costs and the cost of tax resulting therefrom. The fixed monthly pay shall also include Mr. Sheratzky’s 
entitlement for a 25 days’ vacation and sick days as provided by law. The service provider shall also be entitled to 
payment or reimbursement of expenses, including hosting expenses and subsistence allowance abroad. The service 
provider shall be entitled to Target-based Cash Incentives and Excess Return Cash Incentives as detailed below. The 
agreement shall be in force for a period of 3 years and may be terminated upon 180 days’ advance notice of termination; 
however, the company may terminate the agreement without an advance notice and without compensation if the 
following shall occur: (a) Mr. Sheratzky is convicted of a criminal offense involving moral turpitude; (b) a final court 
ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has breached his fiduciary duty towards the 
company; (c) a final court ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has materially 
breached the agreement through the unauthorized disclosure of company’s secrets or competition with the company. The 
aggregate amount paid to Galnir Management and Investments Ltd, in 2019, 2020 and 2021 was approximately, $ 
1,707,000, $ 864,000 and $ 2,692,000 respectively (the numbers include value added tax). 

Mr. Gil Sheratzky shall provide his services as an independent contractor through ZERO-TO-ONE S.B.L. 

INVESTMENTS LTD., which shall be entitled to a monthly payment of NIS 125,000 (or $ 39,000) plus VAT, linked to 
the consumer price index for December 2013. At the request of the service provider, part of the fixed monthly pay may 
be granted through benefits, such as the provision of a company car for the use of Mr. Sheratzky and the payment of its 
maintenance costs and the cost of tax resulting therefrom. The fixed monthly pay shall also include Mr. Sheratzky’s 
entitlement for a 25 days’ vacation and sick days as provided by law. The service provider shall also be entitled to 
payment or reimbursement of expenses, including hosting expenses and subsistence allowance abroad. The service 
provider shall be entitled to Target-based Cash Incentives and Excess Return Cash Incentives as detailed below. The 
agreement shall be in force for a period of 3 years and may be terminated upon two months’ advance notice of 
termination; however, E-Com may terminate the agreement without an advance notice and without compensation if the 
following shall occur: (a) Mr. Sheratzky is convicted of a criminal offense involving moral turpitude; (b) a final court 
ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has breached his fiduciary duty towards E-Com; 
(c) a final court ruling (without the possibility of appeal) determines that Mr. Sheratzky has materially breached the 
agreement through the unauthorized disclosure of E-Com’ and/or company’s secrets or competition with E-Com and/or 
the company. The aggregate amount paid to ZERO-TO-ONE S.B.L. INVESTMENTS LTD, in 2019, 2020 and 2021 
according to this new service agreement, were approximately $ 1,051,000, $ 518,000 and $ 1,934,000 respectively (the 
numbers include value added tax). 

Messrs Izzy Sheratzky, Eyal Sheratzky, Nir Sheratzky and Gil Sheratzky, due to the Covid-19 effect on the society 
in general and including the Company, based on their own initiative, agreed temporarily to decrease their base salary by 
25% from April 2020, for an indefinite period. Such reduction was in effect until March 2021. 

Each of the above agreements also provides that the executives may request to provide their services to the company 

as an employee, and not through a service provider, and in such event, the they shall execute an employment agreement 
with the company, in lieu of the above service agreements, which shall also set forth the provisions of social security and 
other benefits that the company usually grants its senior executive officers (which may not deviate from the provisions of 
the Compensation Policy in this respect). In any event, it was agreed that the nature of the agreement pursuant to which 
the services are provided shall not affect the cost to us of the provision of the services as set forth in the service 
agreements. 

The aforementioned agreements were extended on April 20, 2020 (commencing as of February 1, 2020) subject to 
the approval of our next general shareholders meeting, for additional three years, with accordance to the provisions of 
Israeli Company Law and Israeli Companies Regulations (Relaxations in Transactions with Interested Parties) 5760-

57 

2000, and were approved accordingly by our compensation committee and our board of directors. Our shareholders 
meeting approved the aforementioned agreements for an additional period of three years on December 10, 2020. 

All agreements mentioned above are in compliance with our amended compensation policy as approved on 
November 7, 2016 and re approved on December 12, 2019, by the Company’s general meeting of shareholders, which 
sets forth the principles of our office holders’ compensation. 

The terms of the Cash Incentives applicable to each of Messrs. Izzy Sheratzky, Eyal Sheratzky, Nir Sheratzky and 

Gil Sheratzky (the “Executive Office Holders”), as set forth in their agreements referred to above (the“Agreements”), 
are as follows: 

• 

“Target-based  Cash  Incentives” means  a  cash  incentive  awarded  to  the  Executive  Office  Holders  for  the 
company’s achievement of the following Profit-Before-Tax targets in each calendar year following the effective 
date of the above agreements, in which the Minimum Threshold (as defined below) has been achieved: 

Company’s Profit-Before-Tax Targets 
(in USD thousands) 

Level of Incentive - As a Percentage of the 
Executive Office Holder’s Annual Cost of Pay 

24,001 - 27,500 ......................................................  20% 

27,501-31,000 ........................................................  45% 

31,001-35,000 ........................................................  75% 

35,001-39,000 ........................................................  110% 

Above 39,001 .........................................................  150% 

“Minimum Threshold” means, with respect to a particular calendar year, a Minimum Company’s Return on 
Equity (as defined below) of 15%, and a minimum company’s Profit before Tax of USD 24 million. 

“Return on Equity” means, with respect to a particular calendar year, the ratio between the net income for such 
year and the average of the shareholders’ equity at the beginning of such calendar year and at the end of each 
calendar quarter of such year; calculated in accordance with the company’s audited or reviewed consolidated 
financial statements for such year, as the case may be, after taking into account Executive Officers’ 
compensation, but excluding adjustments of the value of assets and obligations to their fair value in accordance 
with accounting standards. 

“Profit-Before-Tax” means, with respect to a particular calendar year, the company’s profit before tax for such 
year in accordance with the company’s audited consolidated financial statements for such year, after taking into 
account Executive Officers’ compensation, but excluding adjustments of the value of assets and obligations to 
their fair value in accordance with accounting standards. 

“Executive Officers” means Office Holders of the Company (“Nosei Misra”, as such term is defined in the 
Companies Law) who serve as the company’s President, Co-CEOs and other executives who are deemed Office 
Holders of the company, as well as Office Holders of the company’s Israeli wholly owned subsidiaries, 
provided they report to the CEO. 

“Cost of Pay” means, with respect to independent contractors – their invoice amount plus company car and 
related expenses; and with respect to employees - their base pay (i.e. fixed gross amount payable to the 
employee in return for his services, excluding expenses, benefits and bonuses) plus 40% thereof. 

•  Target-based Cash Incentives shall become payable upon the lapse of 30 days from the date of publication of 
the company’s audited annual financial statements (the “Entitlement Date”); and such cash incentive shall be 
paid on such date. However, if an Executive Office Holder’s Target-based Cash Incentives exceed an amount 
equal to 100% of such Executive Office Holder’s annual Cost of Pay (the “100% Threshold”), then 20% of the 
amount by which the Target-based Cash Incentives exceed the 100% Threshold (the “Deferred Portion”) shall 
not be paid on their Entitlement Date, but rather shall be deferred and paid in two equal installments on the first 
and second anniversary of the Entitlement Date, provided that the Minimum Threshold was achieved during the 
first  calendar  year  (for  the first  installment)  and  during  the  second  calendar year  (for  the  second  installment) 
following the Entitlement Date, respectively. The Deferred Portion shall be linked to the consumer price index 
known on the Entitlement Date. 

58 

  
 
•  The  company  may  pay  to  the  Executive  Office  Holders  advances  on  account  of  expected  Target-based  Cash 
Incentives, based on the company’s reviewed financial statements, prior to the Entitlement Date; provided that 
if on the Entitlement Date, it turns out that such advances exceed the Target-based Cash Incentives to which the 
Executive  Office  Holders  are  entitled,  then  the  excess  amounts  shall  be  returned  to  the  Company  or  shall  be 
deducted from the payment of the remainder Target-based Cash Incentives on the Entitlement Date, as the case 
may be. 

• 

“Excess Return Cash Incentives” means a cash grant based on the company’s Stock Yield as compared to the 
Russell 2000 Index’s Yield, as set forth below. 

“Company’s Stock Yield” means the percentage of increase or decrease of the company’s stock price on 
Nasdaq over an Examined Period (as defined below), as adjusted for dividend distribution, calculated based on 
the average adjusted closing price of the company’s shares on the Nasdaq during the 5 business days prior to 
and the 5 business days after the commencement and end of such Examined Period. 

“Russell 2000 Index’s Yield” means the percentage of increase or decrease of the Russell 2000 Index over an 
Examined Period, calculated based on the average Russell 2000 Index closing quotes during the 5 business days 
prior to and the 5 business days after the commencement and end of such Examined Period. 

At the end of each calendar year, the company shall examine the Company’s Stock Yield since January 1 of 
such year or, with respect to the first year of such grant – since the date of its approval (an “Examined Period”), 
as compared to the Russell 2000 Index’s Yield over such Examined Period; and to the extent that the 
Company’s Stock Yield exceeds the Russell 2000 Index’s Yield for such period, each of the Executive Office 
Holders shall receive an amount equal to 50% of his monthly Cost of Pay for each 1% of excess return (in 
percentage points’ terms), or a relative amount in the event of a partial excess return. For the avoidance of 
doubt, in the event that the Company’s Stock Yield during such period is negative, no grant shall be awarded. 

The Excess Return Cash Incentive for each year shall not exceed an amount equal to the Executive Officer 
Holder’s annual Cost of Pay. 

• 

In the event that an Agreement is terminated during  a  calendar year,  the company’s  compensation committee 
and  board  of  directors  shall  determine  the  relative  amounts  out  of  the  Target-based  Cash  Incentives  and/or 
Excess Return Cash Incentives to which the relevant Executive Office Holder is entitled for the portion of the 
year  during  which  the  Agreement  was  in  force;  and  these  amounts  shall  be  paid  within  30  days  after  the 
termination of service/employment, as the case may be. 

•  On the date of determination of each Executive Office Holder’s entitlement for a Target-based Cash Incentive 
for a particular year, the company’s compensation committee shall examine whether the total amount of grants 
to  which  Executive  Officers  are  entitled  with  respect  to  such  calendar  year  and  which  constitute  variable 
components of their terms of services (the “Total Amount of Grants to Executive Officers”), exceed an amount 
equal  to  10%  of  the  Company’s  EBITDA  for  such  year  (the  “EBITDA’s  Threshold”),  as  calculated  in 
accordance  with  data  extracted  from  the  company’s  audited  consolidated  annual  financial  statements,  after 
taking into account the Executive Officers’ fixed  compensation  but excluding their  variable  compensation. In 
such  event,  the  amount  by  which  the  Total  Amount  of  Grants  to  Executive  Officers  exceeds  the  EBITDA’s 
Threshold shall be referred to as the “Excess Amount”. 

• 

In the event that the Total Amount of Grants to Executive Officers exceeds the EBITDA’s Threshold, then the 
Target-based  Cash  Incentive  and  the  Excess  Return  Cash  Incentive  to  which  an  Executive  Office  Holder  is 
entitled (together, the “Grants”) shall be reduced by an amount equal to the Executive Office Holder’s Rate of 
Grants  (as  defined  below)  out  of  the  Excess  Amount.  The  term  “Executive  Office  Holder’s  Rate  of  Grants” 
means,  with  respect  to  a  particular  Executive  Office  Holder,  the  percentage  which  such  Executive  Office 
Holder’s Grants constitute out of the Total Amount of Grants to Executive Officers. 

•  The company’s board of directors shall have the right, under special circumstances at its discretion, to reduce 

the amount of Grants to which the Executive Office Holders are entitled, upon a 60 days prior notice. 

•  The Executive Office Holder shall be required to return any compensation paid to them on the basis of results 
included  in  financial  statements  that  turned  out  to  be  erroneous  and  were  subsequently  restated  in  the 
company’s financial statements published  during  the  three year period following publication of the erroneous 
financial statements; to the extent they would not have been entitled to the compensation actually received had 

59 

it  been  determined  based  on  the  restated  financial  statements.  In  such  case,  compensation  amounts  will  be 
returned within 60 days from the date of publication of the restated financial statements, net of taxes that were 
withheld thereon. If the Executive Office Holder has a right to reclaim such tax payments with respect to Grants 
which were paid in excess, from the relevant tax authorities, then the Executive Office Holder shall reasonably 
act to reclaim such amounts from the tax authorities and upon their receipt, shall remit them to the company. 

In 2021 Executive Office Holders were eligible to Target based cash incentives at the maximum rate of (150%) 
as follows (which is included in the aforementioned payments according to the above new service agreements. 

Executive Office Holders    

Target-based 
Cash Incentive      

Deferred Portion 
for the next 2 years      

Deferred Portion 
from last 2 years      

Total to be 
paid for 2021:   

Izzy Sheratzky .....................    
Eyal Sheratzky ....................    
Nir Sheratzky ......................    
Gil Sheratzky ......................    

1,207       
975       
975       
696       

In US$ thousands 
(83)      
(65)      
(65)      
(46)      

83        
65        
65        
46        

1,207  
975  
975  
696  

For the full-service agreements regarding the services of our President, Co-Chief Executive Officers and the Chief 

Executive Officer of E-Com, please see Exhibits 4.9-4.12(a) attached hereto. 

On January 28, 2014, our general meeting of shareholders re-approved the terms of engagement of Professor 
Yehuda Kahane, which were set forth in a financial services agreement, dated March 23, 1998, between our company 
and Professor Kahane. Pursuant to this agreement, as amended in May 2003, we are obligated to pay Professor Kahane a 
monthly consulting fee of NIS 15,000, or approximately $ 4,000, linked to the Israeli consumer price index as known on 
May 1, 2003. The term of the agreement automatically renews every two-years; however, either party may terminate it 
by providing a 180-day prior notice. The aggregate amounts paid to Professor Kahane by virtue of this agreement in each 
of the years 2019, 2020, 2021 were approximately, $ 62,000 , $ 64,000 and $ 69,000 respectively. 

Transactions with our affiliates and associates 

We purchase our GPS/GPRS equipment from our subsidiary, E.R.M Electronic Systems Limited. In , 2019 , 2020 

and 2021, Ituran, including its subsidiaries in Brazil, Argentina and USA, purchased GPS/GPRS equipment from E.R.M 
in the sum of approximately,  NIS 51.6 Million (or $ 14.5 Million) , NIS 54.5 Million (or $ 15.8 Million) and NIS 64.6 
Million (or $ 20.0 Million) respectively. 

C. 

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL 

Not applicable 

ITEM 8. 

FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

A. 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION 

For the audited financial statements and audit reports required to be contained in this annual report, please see Item 

18 below. 

Material Legal Proceedings 

(contribution 

for  FUNTELL  contribution 

During year 2016 Brazilian Federal Communication Agency – Anatel issued a tax assessment for FUST contribution 
(contribution  on  telecommunication  services)  levied  on  the  monitoring  services  rendered  by  us  and  additional  tax 
assessment 
the  Technological  Development  of 
Telecommunication)  levied  on  the  monitoring  services  rendered  by  us  regarding,  all  for  the  period  2007-2012.Total 
amounts of approximately R$21.5 million (US$ 3.9 million). as of December 2021 including interest and penalties. The 
reason  Anatel  demand  the  payment  of  FUST  and  FUNTELL  from  us  is  the  fact  that  in  order  to  provide  monitoring 
services  we  need  to  operate  telecommunication  equipment  in  a  given  radio  frequency.  We  hold  a  telecommunication 
license from Anatel (for information on our licenses see item 4B. “Information on the company” – “Business overview” 
under the caption “Regulatory Environment”). The authorities have construed that we render telecommunication services 
and  taxes  should  be  levied  in  relation  to  Net  Revenues.  Based  on  the  legal  opinion  of  the  subsidiary’s  Brazilian  legal 
counsel we believe that such claim is without merit, the interpretation of the legislation is mistaken, given that we don’t 
render  telecommunication  services,  but  rather  services  of  monitoring  goods  and  persons  for  security  purposes  and 

to  Fund 

for 

60 

 
  
  
  
therefore the  chances  of our  success  are  more  likely  than  not.  We  have  filed  our  defense  against  such  claims.  We  are 
currently awaiting the Lower Court or Administrative decisions on all the aforementioned FUST and FUNTELL claims. 

On July 13, 2015 we received a purported class action lawsuit which was filed against the Company in the District 
Court of Central Region in Tel-Aviv, by one plaintiff who is a subscriber of the Company, alleging that the Company, 
which was declared a monopoly under the Israeli Antitrust Law, 1988, unlawfully abused its power as a monopoly and 
discriminated  between  its  customers.  The  plaintiff  claims  that  the  alleged  discrimination  resulted  from  the  Company 
charging higher monthly subscription fees from customers who are obliged by insurance company requirements to install 
location and recovery systems in their vehicles than the monthly subscription fees that are charged from customers who 
are  not  required  by  insurance  companies  to  install  location  and  recovery  systems  in  their  vehicles.  In  addition,  the 
plaintiff claims that the Company offers to customers who are  not  required by insurance companies to install location 
and  recovery  systems  in  their  vehicles,  a  discounted  warrantee  service  to  their  location  and  recovery  systems.  The 
plaintiff claims in addition to the above, that such actions raise additional causes of action against the Company such as 
negotiations without good faith, executing contract without good faith, breach of contract, unjust enrichment, breach of 
consumer protection laws, tort laws, and breach of statutory duty. The lawsuit is yet to be approved as a class action. The 
total amount claimed if the lawsuit is approved as a class action was estimated by the plaintiff to be approximately NIS 
300 million (approximately USD 96 million). Our defense against the approval of the class action lawsuit was filed on 
January 3, 2016. The plaintiff has responded to our defense on February 29, 2016. Hearing for first stage, i.e. whether 
claim  will  be approved  as  a  class  action  are  over  and parties filed  their summaries.  On November  17,  2020,  the  court 
informed the parties that it decided to stall his decision whether to prove the class action, until The Supreme Court of 
Israel  will  render  its  decision  in  another  case  that  involves  a  relevant  issue.  A  class  action  lawsuit  based  on  similar 
claims,  against  the  Company,  which  was  filed  on  form  6-K  on  March  22,  2011,  was  dismissed  by  the  court  on  the 
request of both parties, on March 5, 2012 for a small compensation to the plaintiff and his attorneys, in a total amount of 
NIS 30,000 (approximately USD 9,300). Such dismissal of a similar class action lawsuit may have a positive effect on 
the  Company’s  defense  against  the  current  lawsuit.  Based on  an  opinion  of  our  legal  counsels,  we  have  good  defense 
arguments in respect of claims made by the plaintiff and that the chances that the lawsuit will not be approved as a class 
action  lawsuit  are  higher  than  it  will  be  approved.  While  we  cannot  predict  the  outcome  of  this  case,  if  we  are  not 
successful in defending our claim, we could be subject to significant costs, adversely affecting our results of operations. 

10.B. – “Memorandum and Articles of Association” - “Our Corporate Practices under the Israeli Companies Law” 

under the caption “Approval of Transactions under Israeli law” 

Dividend distribution policy 

For a description of our dividend policy, see Item 5.B – Liquidity and Capital Resources above. 

B. 

SIGNIFICANT CHANGES 

Except as stated in this annual report, there are no significant changes since December 31, 2021. 

ITEM 9. 

THE OFFER AND LISTING 

A. 

LISTING DETAILS AND MARKET PRICE INFORMATION 

Our ordinary shares have been trading on Nasdaq under the symbol “ITRN” since September 2005. 

B. 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION 

Not applicable 

C. 

MARKETS 

Our ordinary shares are quoted on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “ITRN”. 

D. 

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS 

Not applicable 

E. 

DILUTION 

Not applicable 

61 

 
F. 

EXPENSES OF THE ISSUE 

Not applicable 

ITEM 10. 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 

A. 

SHARE CAPITAL 

Not applicable 

B. 

MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION 

Our number with the Israeli Registrar of Companies is 52-004381-1. Our purpose appears in our memorandum of 

association and includes engaging in any lawful business. 

Articles of Association; Israeli Companies Law 

Articles of Association 

Pursuant to our articles of association our objectives are to engage in any lawful business and our purpose is to 
operate in accordance with business considerations to maximize our profits. We may take into consideration, inter alia, 
the interests of our creditors, employee and the public interest. Please also see a summarized description of our purposes 
and activities under the caption “Overview” in Item B.4. above. 

Our Corporate Practice Under The Israeli Companies Law 

Approval of Transactions under Israeli Law 

Directors and executive officers 

Fiduciary duties 

Israeli law codifies the fiduciary duties that office holders owe to a company. An office holder is defined as any 
director, managing director, general manager, chief executive officer, executive vice president, vice president, other 
manager directly subordinate to the general manager or any other person assuming the responsibilities of any of these 
positions regardless of that person’s title. Each person listed in the table under “Management—Executive Officers and 
Directors” is an office holder of our company under the Israeli Companies Law. 

An office holder’s fiduciary duties consist of a duty of loyalty and a duty of care. The duty of loyalty requires the 
office holder to avoid any conflict of interest between the office holder’s position in the company and personal affairs, 
and proscribes any competition with the company or the exploitation of any business opportunity of the company in 
order to receive personal advantage for himself or others. This duty also requires him or her to reveal to the company any 
information or documents relating to the company’s affairs that the office holder has received due to his or her position 
as an office holder. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with a level of care that a reasonable office holder in 
the same position would employ under the same circumstances. This includes the duty to use reasonable means to obtain 
information regarding the advisability of a given action submitted for his or her approval or performed by virtue of his or 
her position and all other relevant information pertaining to these actions. 

Disclosure of Personal interest 

Israeli law requires that an office holder promptly disclose to the board of directors any personal interest that he or 
she may have and all related material information known to him or her concerning any existing or proposed transaction 
with the company. A personal interest, as defined by the Israeli Companies Law, includes a personal interest of any 
person in an act or transaction of the company, including a personal interest of one’s relative or of a corporate body in 
which such person or a relative of such person is a 5% or greater shareholder, a holder of 5% or more of the voting 
rights, a director or general manager, or in which he or she has the right to appoint at least one director or the general 
manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming solely from one’s ownership of shares in the company. A personal 
interest also includes personal interest of a person voting pursuant to a proxy given by another person even if the other 
person does not have personal interest, regardless of whether the person given the proxy to vote at the meeting is given 
directions to vote in a certain manner or given discretion to vote independently. An office holder must disclose his 
personal interest no later than the first meeting of the company’s board of directors that discusses the particular 
transaction. An office holder is not obliged to disclose such information if the personal interest of the office holder 
derives solely of the personal interest of his or her relative in a transaction that is not an “extraordinary transaction.” The 

62 

Israeli Companies Law defines an “extraordinary transaction” as a transaction not in the ordinary course of business, not 
on market terms or that is likely to have a material impact on the company’s profitability, assets or liabilities. The term 
“relative” is defined by the Israeli Companies Law as a spouse, sibling, parent, grandparent, descendent, and descendent, 
brother, sister or parent of a spouse or the spouse of any of the foregoing. 

The Israeli Companies Law provides that once an office holder has complied with the disclosure requirement, a 
company may approve a transaction between the company and the office holder or a third party in which the office 
holder has a personal interest, or approve an action by the office holder that would otherwise be deemed a breach of duty 
of loyalty. Such a transaction generally requires approval by the board of directors, unless the articles of association 
provide otherwise. Our articles of association do not provide otherwise. If the transaction considered is an extraordinary 
transaction, audit committee approval is required prior to approval by the board of directors. For the approval of 
arrangements regarding the compensation, indemnification or insurance of executive officers and directors, see 
“Compensation arrangements” below. A company may not approve a transaction or action that is adverse to the 
company’s interest or that is not performed by the office holder in good faith. 

A director who has a personal interest in a matter involving an extraordinary transaction, as defined in the Israeli 
Companies Law, which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors or the audit committee may not attend that 
meeting or vote on that matter, unless a majority of the directors or members of the audit committee, as applicable, also 
have a personal interest in the matter. Any transaction in which a majority of the directors has a personal interest requires 
shareholder approval. 

Compensation arrangements 

Subject to the provisions relating to related-party transactions as described below, the terms of office of office 
holders other than the chief executive officer and directors, require the approval of both our compensation committee and 
the board of directors; and the terms of office of chief executive officers and directors require the approval of the 
compensation committee, the board of directors and our shareholders. However due to the change in the Israeli Company 
law, from February 2016, the extension or renewal of terms of office of chief executive officer, which terms are not 
improving the previous terms or not significantly different, and are according to the compensation policy, shall not 
require approval by the shareholders meeting. In addition, according to recent changes in Israeli Company law, chief 
executive officer can decide upon insignificant change in the terms of office of his subordinate officers, subject to 
additional conditions and requirement to include such right in the compensation policy of the company (such 
requirement was fulfilled in our renewed compensation policy which was approved by our shareholder’s committee on 
November 7, 2016). In addition, according to Israeli Company Regulations (Relaxations in Transactions with Interested 
Parties) 5760-2000, transaction with board members and chief executive, on their term of office, which is according to 
the compensation policy and according to terms of office which are not better than the terms of office of previous holder 
of such position or there is no significant difference between the two engagements and relevant circumstances, including 
the scope of employment, may be approved by our compensation committee and the board of directors, and will not 
require general shareholders meeting approval until the next general meeting which will be announced by the company. 
“terms of office” includes the grant of an exemption, insurance, undertaking to indemnify or indemnification, retirement 
compensation, and any benefit, other payment or an undertaking to pay, which are granted by virtue of serving as an 
office holder. 

Shareholders 

Controlling shareholders 

Pursuant to Israeli law, the disclosure requirements regarding personal interests that apply to an office holder also 

apply to a “controlling shareholder” of a public company. A “controlling shareholder” is a shareholder who has the 
ability to direct the activities of a company, and for the purpose of the disclosure requirements and approval of related 
party transactions, the term includes any shareholder holding 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder 
holds more than 50% of the voting rights in the company. Two or more shareholders with a personal interest in the 
approval of the same transaction are deemed to be one shareholder. Currently there is no shareholder of us who holds 
more than 25% of the voting rights. 

Required approval 

Extraordinary transactions of a public company and a controlling shareholder, or in which a controlling shareholder 

has a personal interest, including a private placement in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest, a 
transaction concerning the terms of compensation of the controlling shareholder or the controlling shareholder’s relative, 

63 

directly or indirectly, through a company controlled by him in respect of receipt of services from same and if he is an 
office holder or an employee – the terms of his employment, generally require the approval of the audit committee (or 
with respect to Terms of Office and Employment – the compensation committee), the board of directors and the 
shareholders, in that order. If required, shareholder approval must include the majority of shares voted at the meeting. In 
addition, either: 

 
 

the majority must include at least the majority of the shares of disinterested shareholders voted at the meeting; or 
the total number of shares of disinterested shareholders who voted against the transaction must not exceed 2% of the 
aggregate voting rights in the company. 

Transactions for a period of more than three years generally need to be brought for approval in accordance with the 

above procedures every three years. 

A Shareholder is required according to Israeli Companies Law in certain votes on transactions to disclose his/her 
personal interest. Failure to disclose such interest will invalidate the casted vote of such shareholder and the Company 
shall not count it. According to our Articles of Association, a Shareholder seeking to vote using a proxy with respect to a 
resolution which requires that the majority for its adoption include at least a specified majority of the votes of all those 
not having a personal interest (as defined in the Companies Law) shall mark on the Proxy, if he or she has Personal 
Interest in such resolution, and in such case the Company will not count his/her vote for such resolution. In event the 
shareholder will vote by other means than Proxy, he/she shall notify the company of his/her Personal Interest in writing 
prior to the time of the General Meeting. Such notice either in Proxy or in writing (as applicable) shall be a condition for 
the right to vote with respect to a resolution which requires that the majority for its adoption include at least a specified 
majority of the votes of all those not having a Personal Interest. 

Shareholder duties 

Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith and in customary way toward 

the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his or her power in the company, including, among 
other things, in voting at the general meeting of shareholders and class meetings with respect to the following matters: 

 
 
 
 

an amendment to the company’s articles of association; 
an increase of the company’s authorized share capital; 
a merger; or 
interested party transactions that require shareholder approval. 

In addition, specified shareholders have a duty of fairness toward the company. These shareholders include any 

controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a 
shareholder vote and any shareholder who has the power to appoint or to prevent the appointment of an office holder of 
the company or other power towards the company. The Israeli Companies Law does not describe the substance of this 
duty except to state that the remedies generally available upon a breach of contract will also apply in the event of a 
breach of the duty to act with fairness. 

Anti take-over provisions; mergers and acquisitions under Israeli Law 

Tender offers 

Full Tender Offer. A person wishing to acquire shares or any class of shares, or voting rights of a publicly traded 
Israeli company and who would, as a result, hold over 90% of the company’s issued and outstanding share capital or of a 
class of shares that are listed, is required by the Israeli Companies Law to make a tender offer to all of the company’s 
shareholders or all shareholders of such class of shares, as applicable, for the purchase of all of the issued and 
outstanding shares of the company or of that class of shares, as applicable. If the shareholders who do not respond to the 
offer hold less than 5% of the issued share capital of the company or of that class of shares, as applicable, and the 
majority of shareholders who are disinterested accepted the offer, then all of the shares that the acquirer offered to 
purchase will be transferred to the acquirer by operation of law (however, full tender offer shall be accepted if 
shareholders who objected to the offer constituted less than 2% of the issued and outstanding share capital of the 
company to which the offer relates). However, the shareholders may petition the court to determine that the 
consideration for the shares constituted less than their fair value and that their fair value should be paid to the offerees. If 
the full tender offer is not accepted as described above, the acquirer may not acquire shares from shareholders who 
accepted the tender offer that would provide it over 90% of the company’s issued and outstanding share capital or of the 
shares comprising such class, as applicable. 

64 

  
  
Special Tender Offer. The Israeli Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares of a public company must 

be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a holder of 25% or more 
of the voting rights of the company. This rule does not apply if there is already another holder of 25% or more of the 
voting rights of the company. Similarly, the Israeli Companies Law provides that an acquisition of shares in a public 
company must be made by means of a tender offer if as a result of the acquisition the purchaser would become a holder 
of more than 45% of the voting rights of the company, if there is no other holder of more than 45% of the voting rights of 
the company. The foregoing provisions do not apply to: 

 

 

 

a private placement in which the company’s shareholders approved such holder owning 25% or more of the voting 
rights of the company (provided that there is no other shareholder that holds 25% or more of the voting rights of the 
company); or more than 45% of the voting rights of the company (provided that there is no other shareholder that 
holds 45% or more of the voting rights of the company); or 
a purchase from an existing holder of 25% or more of the voting rights of the company that results in another person 
becoming a holder of 25% or more of the voting rights of the company; or 
purchase from an existing holder of more than 45% of the voting rights of the company that results in another person 
becoming a holder of more than 45% of the voting rights of the company. 

In the event that a special tender offer is made, a company’s board of directors is required to express its opinion on 

the advisability of the offer or shall abstain from expressing any opinion if it is unable to do so, provided that it gives the 
reasons for its abstention. An office holder in a target company who, in his or her capacity as an office holder, performs 
an action the purpose of which is to cause the failure of an existing or foreseeable special tender offer or is to impair the 
chances of its acceptance, is liable to the potential purchaser and shareholders for damages, unless such office holder 
acted in good faith and had reasonable grounds to believe he or she was acting for the benefit of the company. However, 
office holders of the target company may negotiate with the potential purchaser in order to improve the terms of the 
special tender offer and may further negotiate with third parties in order to obtain a competing offer. 

If a special tender offer was accepted by a majority of the shareholders who announced their stand on such offer, 
then shareholders who did not announce their stand or who had objected to the offer may accept the offer within four 
days of the last day set for the acceptance of the offer. 

In the event that a special tender offer is accepted, the purchaser or any person or entity controlling it at the time of 

the offer or under common control with the purchaser or such controlling person or entity shall refrain from making a 
subsequent tender offer for the purchase of shares of the target company and cannot execute a merger with the target 
company for a period of one year from the date of the offer, unless the purchaser or such person or entity undertook to 
effect such an offer or merger in the initial special tender offer. 

Regulations promulgated under the Israeli Companies Law provide that these tender offer requirements do not apply 

to companies whose shares are listed for trading outside of Israel if, according to the law in the country in which the 
shares are traded or the rules and regulations of the stock exchange on which the shares are traded: 

•  There is a limitation on acquisition of any level of control of the company, or 
•  The acquisition of any level of control requires the purchaser to offer a tender offer to the public. 

Merger 

The Israeli Companies Law permits merger transactions if approved by each party’s board of directors and 

shareholders. Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law and our articles of association as currently in effect, merger 
transactions may be approved by holders of a simple majority of our shares present, in person or by proxy, at a general 
meeting and voting on the transaction. In determining whether the required majority has approved the merger in the 
event of “cross ownership” between the merging companies, namely, if our shares are held by the other party to the 
merger, or by any person holding at least 25% of the outstanding voting shares or 25% of the means of appointing 
directors of the other party to the merger, then a vote against the merger by holders of the majority of the shares present 
and voting, excluding shares held by the other party or by such person, or anyone acting on behalf of either of them, 
including any of their affiliates, is sufficient to reject the merger transaction. If the transaction would have been approved 
but for the exclusion of the votes of certain shareholders as provided above, a court may still approve the merger upon 
the request of holders of at least 25% of the voting rights of a company, if the court holds that the merger is fair and 
reasonable, taking into account the value of the parties to the merger and the consideration offered to the shareholders. 
Upon the request of a creditor of either party to the proposed merger, the court may delay or prevent the merger if it 
concludes that there exists a reasonable concern that, as a result of the merger, the surviving company will be unable to 

65 

  
 
satisfy the obligations of any of the parties to the merger. In addition, a merger may not be consummated unless at least 
50 days have passed from the time that a proposal for approval of the merger has been filed with the Israeli Registrar of 
Companies and 30 days have passed from the date of the approval of the shareholders of the merging companies. 

The Israeli Companies Law further provides that the foregoing approval requirements will not apply to shareholders 

of a wholly owned subsidiary in a roll-up merger transaction, or to the shareholders of the acquirer if: 

 
 

 

the transaction is not accompanied by an amendment to the acquirer’s memorandum or articles of association; 
the transaction does not contemplate the issuance of more than 20% of the voting rights of the acquirer that would 
result in any shareholder becoming a controlling shareholder; and 
there is no “cross-ownership” of shares of the merging companies, as described above. 

For these purposes, “controlling shareholder” is a shareholder who has the ability to direct the activities of a 
company, including a shareholder who owns 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder owns more than 
50% of the voting rights. 

The Israeli Companies Law allows us to create and issue shares having rights different from those attached to our 

ordinary shares, including shares providing certain preferred or additional rights to voting, distributions or other matters 
and shares having preemptive rights. In the future, if we do create and issue a class of shares other than our ordinary 
shares, such class of shares, depending on the specific rights that may be attached to them, may delay or prevent a 
takeover or otherwise prevent our shareholders from realizing a potential premium over the market value of their 
ordinary shares. The authorization of a new class of shares will require an amendment to our articles of association. 
Shareholders voting at such a meeting will be subject to the restrictions under the Israeli Companies Law. See “Voting, 
Shareholder Meetings and Resolutions” below. 

Dividend and Liquidation Rights. 

We may declare a dividend to be paid to the holders of our ordinary shares according to their rights and interests in 
our profits. If we dissolve, after satisfaction of liabilities to creditors, our assets will be distributed to the holders of our 
ordinary shares in proportion to their shareholdings. This right may be affected by the grant of preferential dividend or 
distribution rights to the holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that may be authorized in the future. Our 
articles of association provide that shareholder approval would not be required for the declaration of dividends. 
Dividends may only be paid out of our retained earnings or “profits” accrued over a period of two years, as defined in the 
Israeli Companies Law, whichever is greater, according to the last reviewed or audited financial reports of the company, 
provided that the date of the financial reports is not more than six months before the date of distribution (the “profits” 
test), and further provided that there is no reasonable concern that a payment of a dividend will prevent us from 
satisfying our existing and foreseeable obligations as they become due, as determined by our Board of Directors. 
However, if we do not meet the profit requirement, a court may allow us to distribute a dividend, as long as the court is 
convinced that there is no reasonable risk that a distribution might prevent us from being able to meet our existing and 
anticipated obligations as they become due. For more information on our ability to grant or declare dividends, see Item 
8.A – Financial Information under the caption “Dividend Distribution Policy” above. 

Voting, Shareholder Meetings and Resolutions. 

As a foreign private issuer, we have elected to follow our home country practices in lieu of the Nasdaq Marketplace 
Rule requiring an issuer to hold its annual meeting of its shareholders no later than one year after the end of the issuer’s 
fiscal year-end. Specifically, according to the Israeli Companies Law, we are required to hold an annual general meeting 
of our shareholders once every calendar year, and no later than 15 months after the date of the previous annual general 
meeting. All meetings other than the annual general meeting of shareholders are referred to as special meetings. Our 
Board of Directors may call special meetings whenever it sees fit, at such time and place, within or outside of Israel, as it 
may determine. In addition, the Israeli Companies Law provides that the board of directors of a public company is 
required to convene a special meeting upon the request of (a) any two directors of the company or one quarter of its 
board of directors or (b) one or more shareholders holding, in the aggregate, (i) 5% of the outstanding shares of the 
company and 1% of the voting power in the company or (ii) 5% of the voting power in the company. 

Pursuant to our articles of association, shareholders are entitled to participate and vote at general meetings and are 

the shareholders of record on a date to be decided by our Board of Directors, provided that such date is not more than 40 
days, nor less than four days, prior to the date of the general meeting, except as otherwise permitted by the Israeli 
Companies Law. Furthermore, the Israeli Companies Law dictates that resolutions regarding the following matters must 
be passed at a general meeting of our shareholders: 

66 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

amendments to our articles of association; 
appointment or termination of our auditors; 
appointment and dismissal of external directors; 
approval of acts and transactions requiring general meeting approval pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law; 
increase or reduction of our authorized share capital; 
a merger; and 
the exercise of the Board of Directors’ powers by a general meeting, if the Board of Directors is unable to exercise 
its powers and the exercise of any of its powers is required for our proper management. 

The Israeli Companies Law and our articles of association require that a notice of any annual or special shareholders 
meeting will be provided 21 days prior to the meeting, except where the regulation prescribe for a period of not less than 
35 days if the agenda includes certain resolutions to be adopted at the general meeting. 

Pursuant to our articles of association, holders of ordinary shares have one vote for each ordinary share held on all 
matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders. These voting rights may be affected by the grant of any special voting 
rights to the holders of a class of shares with preferential rights that we may authorize in the future. The quorum required 
for our ordinary meetings of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present in person or by proxy, who hold or 
represent between them at least thirty-three and one-third percent of the total outstanding voting rights. A meeting 
adjourned for lack of a quorum generally is adjourned to the same day in the following week at the same time and place 
or on a later date specified in the summons or notice of the meeting. At the reconvened meeting, any number of our 
shareholders present in person or by proxy shall constitute a lawful quorum. 

Our articles of association provide that, other than with respect to the amendment of the provisions of the articles of 

association with respect to the appointment of directors and a resolution for removal of a director and the resolution of 
removal of a director, which action requires a majority vote of 75%, all resolutions of the shareholders require a simple 
majority. 

Israeli law does not provide for public companies such as ours to have shareholder resolutions adopted by means of 
a written consent in lieu of a shareholders meeting. The Israeli Companies Law provides that a shareholder, in exercising 
his or her rights and performing his or her obligations toward the company and its other shareholders, must act in good 
faith and in an acceptable manner and avoid abusing his or her powers. This is required, among other things, when 
voting at general meetings on matters such as changes to the articles of association, increasing the company’s registered 
capital, mergers and approval of related-party transactions. In addition, pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, any 
controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that its vote can determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and 
any shareholder who, under the company’s articles of association, can appoint or prevent the appointment of an office 
holder, is required to act with fairness towards the company. 

An ordinary resolution requires approval by the holders of a simple majority of the voting rights represented at the 

meeting, in person, by proxy or by written ballot, and voting on the resolution. Under the Israeli Companies Law, unless 
otherwise provided in the articles of association or applicable law, all resolutions of the shareholders require a simple 
majority. A resolution for the voluntary winding up of the company requires the approval of holders of 75% of the voting 
rights represented at the meeting, in person, by proxy or by written ballot and voting on the resolution. For information 
regarding the majority required for approval of related party transactions, see “Approval of related party transactions 
under Israeli law” above. 

Transfer of Shares and Notice. 

Our ordinary shares that are fully paid are issued in registered form and may be freely transferred under our articles 
of association unless the transfer is restricted or prohibited by applicable law or rules of a stock exchange on which the 
shares are traded. 

Election of Directors. 

Our ordinary shares do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of directors. As a result, the holders of a 
majority of the voting power represented at a shareholders meeting have the power to elect all of our directors, subject to 
the special approval requirements for external directors described under the caption “External directors” in Item 6.C. – 
“Board Practices” above. Pursuant to the Israeli Companies Law, the procedures for the appointment and removal and 
the term of office of directors, other than external directors, may be contained in the articles of association of a company. 
Our articles of association provide for staggered terms for directors. This provision may be amended only by a vote of 

67 

  
75% of our shares voting at a meeting of shareholders. The appointing mechanism of our directors is further described 
under the caption “Shareholders Agreement and Articles of Association of Moked Ituran Ltd.” in item 6.A. – “Directors 
and Senior Management” above. 

Insurance, Indemnification and Exculpation of Directors and Officers. 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the 
duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or 
in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such 
exculpation is included in its articles of association. Our articles of association do not include such a provision. An 
Israeli company may not exculpate a director for liability arising out of a breach of duty of care in respect of a prohibited 
dividend or distribution to shareholders. 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company may indemnify an office holder in respect of the following liabilities 

and expenses incurred for acts performed as an office holder, either in advance of an event or following an event, 
provided a provision authorizing such indemnification is included in its articles of association: 

• 

Financial liability imposed on him or her in favor of another person pursuant to a judgment, settlement or 
arbitrator’s award approved by a court. However, if an undertaking to indemnify an office holder with 
respect to such liability is provided in advance then such an undertaking must be limited to events which, in 
the opinion of the board of directors, can be foreseen based on the company’s activities when the 
undertaking to indemnify is given, and to an amount or according to criteria determined by the board of 
directors as reasonable under the circumstances, and such undertaking shall detail the abovementioned 
events and amount or criteria. 

•  Reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder as a result of an 
investigation or proceeding instituted against him or her by an authority authorized to conduct such 
investigation or proceeding, provided that (i) no indictment was filed against such office holder as a result 
of such investigation or proceeding, and (ii) no financial liability, such as a criminal penalty, was imposed 
upon him or her as a substitute for the criminal proceeding as a result of such investigation or proceeding 
or, if such financial liability was imposed, it was imposed with respect to an offense that does not require 
proof of criminal intent or in connection with monetary penalty. 

•  Reasonable litigation expenses, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by the office holder or imposed by a 
court in proceedings instituted against him or her by the company, on its behalf or by a third party or in 
connection with criminal proceedings in which the office holder was acquitted or as a result of a conviction 
for an offense that does not require proof of criminal intent. Under the Israeli Companies Law, a company 
may obtain insurance for an office holder against liabilities incurred in his or her capacity as an office 
holder if and to the extent provided in the company’s articles of association. 

•  A breach of duty of loyalty to the company, to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a 

reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company. 

•  A breach of duty of care to the company or to a third party, including a breach arising out of the negligent 

conduct of the office holder. 

•  A financial liability imposed on the office holder in favor of a third party. 

An Israeli company may not indemnify or insure an office holder against any of the following: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

a breach of duty of loyalty, except to the extent that the office holder acted in good faith and had a 
reasonable basis to believe that the act would not prejudice the company; 

a breach of duty of care committed intentionally or recklessly, excluding a breach arising out of the 
negligent conduct of the office holder; 

an act or omission committed with intent to derive illegal personal benefit; or 

a fine, civil fine, monetary penalty or forfeit levied against the office holder. 

Under the Israeli Companies Law, exculpation, indemnification and insurance of office holders must be approved by 

our compensation committee and our board of directors and, in respect to our chief executive officer, directors and 

68 

controlling persons, by our shareholders. However due to the change in the Israeli Company law, from February 2016, 
the extension or renewal of terms of office (which includes exculpation, indemnification and insurance) of chief 
executive officer, which terms are not improving the previous terms or not significantly different, and are according to 
the compensation policy, shall not require approval by the shareholders meeting. In addition, according to changes in 
Israeli Company law from March 2016, chief executive officer can decide upon insignificant change in the terms of 
office of his subordinate officers, subject to additional conditions and requirement to include such right in the 
compensation policy of the company. 

Our articles of association allow us to indemnify and ensure our office holders to the fullest extent permitted by the 
Israeli Companies Law. Our articles of association also allow us to insure or indemnify any person who is not an office 
holder, including any employee, agent, consultant or contractor who is not an office holder. 

We currently have directors’ and officers’ liability insurance covering our officers and directors (including the 
officers and directors of our subsidiaries) against certain claims. No claims for liability have been filed under this policy 
to date. 

Our compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders have resolved to indemnify our directors and 

officers to the fullest extent permitted by law and by our articles of association for liabilities that are of certain 
enumerated types of events, subject to an aggregate sum equal to 25% of the shareholders equity outstanding at the time 
a claim for identification is made as indicated by our then latest financial statements (which sum also includes all 
insurance amounts received by such directors and officers under directors and officers insurance policies maintained by 
us). For further details, see Item 7.B – Related Party Transactions above. 

Change in Capital. 

Our articles of association enable us to increase or reduce our share capital. Any such changes are subject to the 
provisions of the Israeli Companies Law and must be approved by a resolution duly passed by our shareholders at a 
general meeting and voting on such change in the capital. In addition, transactions that have the effect of reducing 
capital, such as the declaration and payment of dividends in the absence of sufficient retained earnings and profits and an 
issuance of shares for less than their nominal value, require a resolution of the Board of Directors and court approval. 

C. 

MATERIAL CONTRACTS 

For information concerning our service contracts with our President and Co-Chief Executive Officers, see Item 7.B 

– Related Party Transactions. 

D. 

EXCHANGE CONTROLS 

Ordinary shares purchased by nonresidents of Israel with certain non-Israeli currencies (including dollars) and any 

amounts payable upon the dissolution, liquidation or winding up of our affairs, as well as the proceeds of any sale in 
Israel of our securities to an Israeli resident, may be paid in non-Israeli currencies (including US dollars) or, if paid in 
NIS, may be converted into freely repatriable currencies at the rate of exchange prevailing at the time of conversion – 
pursuant to the general permit issued under the Israeli Currency Control Law, 1978, provided that Israeli income tax has 
been paid on (or withheld from) such payments. Because exchange rates between the NIS and the U.S. dollar fluctuate 
continuously, U.S. shareholders will be subject to any such currency fluctuation during the period from when a dividend 
is declared through the date payment is made in U.S. dollars. Investments outside Israel by our company no longer 
require specific approval from the Controller of Foreign Currency at the Bank of Israel. 

E. 

TAXATION 

The following describes certain income tax issues relating to us and also certain income tax consequences arising 
from the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. This discussion is for general information only 
and is not intended, and should not be construed, as legal or professional tax advice and does not cover all 
possible tax considerations. To the extent that the discussion is based on legislation yet to be judicially or 
administratively interpreted, there can be no assurance that the views expressed herein will accord with any such 
interpretation in the future. Accordingly, holders of our ordinary shares should consult their own tax advisor as to the 
particular tax consequences arising from your purchase, ownership and disposition of ordinary shares, including the 
effects of applicable Israeli, United States and other laws and possible changes in the tax laws. 

69 

  
The following discussion represents a summary of the material United States & Israeli tax laws affecting us and our 

shareholders. 

United States Tax Considerations 

The following discussion is a description of the material United States, or US, federal income tax considerations 
applicable to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares by US Holders who hold such ordinary 
shares as “capital assets”. As used in this section, the term “US Holder” means a beneficial owner of an ordinary share 
who is: 

 
 

 
 

an individual citizen or resident of the United States; 
a corporation or partnership created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any state of the 
United States or the District of Columbia (other than a partnership, including any entity treated as a partnership for 
U.S. tax purposes, that is not treated as a US person under any applicable Treasury regulations); 
an estate, the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or 
a trust if the trust has elected validly to be treated as a US person for United States federal income tax purposes or if 
a US court is able to exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more US persons have 
the authority to control all of the trust’s substantial decisions. 

The term “Non-US Holder” means a beneficial owner of an ordinary share who is not a US Holder. The tax 
consequences to a Non-US Holder may differ substantially from the tax consequences to a US Holder. This discussion 
does not address any aspects of US federal income tax which may be relevant to a Non-US Holder. Accordingly, Non-
US Holders are strongly urged to consult with their own tax advisors. 

This description is based on provisions of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, existing, 

proposed and temporary US Treasury regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, each as 
available and in effect as of the date of this report. These sources may change, possibly with retroactive effect, and are 
open to differing interpretations. This description does not discuss all aspects of US federal income taxation that may be 
applicable to investors in light of their particular circumstances or to investors who are subject to special treatment under 
US federal income tax law, including: 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

insurance companies; 
dealers or traders in stocks, securities or currencies; 
financial institutions and financial services entities; 
real estate investment trusts; 
regulated investment companies; 
grantor trusts; 
persons that receive ordinary shares as compensation for the performance of services; 
tax-exempt organizations; 
persons that hold ordinary shares as a position in a straddle or as part of a hedging, conversion or other integrated 
instrument; 
individual retirement and other tax-deferred accounts; 
expatriates of the United States; 
persons having a functional currency that is not the US dollar; or 
direct, indirect or constructive owners of 10% or more, by voting power or value, of our ordinary shares. 

This description also does not consider the US federal gift or estate tax or alternative minimum tax consequences of 

the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. 

If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for US federal income tax purposes) holds our ordinary 

shares, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the 
activities of the partnership. Such a partner should consult its tax advisor as to its tax consequences. 

We urge our shareholders to consult with your own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of acquiring, 
owning or disposing of our ordinary shares, including the effects of US federal, state, local and foreign and other 
tax laws. This summary does not constitute, and should not be construed as, legal or tax advice to holders of our 
shares. 

70 

 
  
 
 
Medicare Tax 

Beginning January 1, 2013, certain individuals, estates and trusts, which have income above the statutory threshold 
amounts, generally will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on their investment income and gain, with limited exceptions. 
US Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning Medicare tax consequences, if any, of owning or disposing 
of our ordinary shares. 

Distribution Paid on the Ordinary Shares 

As of November 16, 2009, our dividend policy provides for an annual dividend distribution in an amount not less 
than 50% of our net profits, calculated based on the audited financial statements for the period ending on December 31 
of  the  fiscal  year  with  respect  to  which  the  relevant  dividend  is  paid. On  February  21,  2012,  we revised  our  dividend 
policy so that our dividends will be declared and distributed on a quarterly basis in an amount not less than 50% of our 
net profits, calculated on the basis of our reviewed quarterly financial statements each fiscal year. On February 27, 2017, 
the  board  of  directors  approved  a  change  in  the  dividend  policy.  This  policy  called  for  a  dividend  of  $5  million,  at 
minimum per quarter. this policy became effective starting from the dividends for the first quarter of 2017. During 2020 
and  due  to  the  Covid-19  effects,  such  distribution  was  suspended.  On  March  3, 2021,  we  declared  the renewal  of  the 
dividend  distribution  policy  of  at  least  $3  million  a  quarter.  This  new  policy  became  effective  starting  from  the  first 
quarter of 2021. 

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations”, US Holders, for US 

federal income tax purposes, will generally be required to include in their gross income as ordinary dividend income 
(unless qualifies as “qualified dividend income”) in the amount of any distributions made to them in cash or property 
(other than certain distributions, if any, of our ordinary shares distributed pro rata to all our shareholders), with respect to 
their ordinary shares, before reduction for any Israeli taxes withheld (without regard to whether any portion of such tax 
may be refunded to them by the Israeli tax authorities), to the extent that those distributions are paid out of our current or 
accumulated earnings and profits as determined for US federal income tax purposes. Subject to the discussion below 
under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations”, distributions in excess of our current and accumulated 
earnings and profits as determined under US federal income tax principles will be applied first against, and will reduce 
their tax basis in, your ordinary shares and, to the extent they exceed that tax basis, will then be treated as capital gain. 
We do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under US federal income tax principles. Our dividends will 
not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporate US Holders. 

For a US Holder, if we pay a dividend in NIS, any such dividend, including the amount of any Israeli taxes withheld, 

will be includible in such US Holder’s income in a US dollar amount calculated by reference to the currency exchange 
rate in effect on the day the distribution is includible in your income, regardless of whether the NIS are converted into 
US dollars. Any gain or loss resulting from currency exchange fluctuations during the period from the date the dividend 
is includible in such US Holder’s income to the date that payment is converted into US dollars generally will be treated 
as ordinary income or loss. 

A non-corporate US Holder’s “qualified dividend income” currently is subject to tax at reduced rates not exceeding 

23.8% (including, if applicable, Medicare tax at a rate of 3.8%). For purposes of determining whether a non-corporate 
US Holders will have “qualified dividend income”, “qualified dividend income” generally includes dividends paid by a 
foreign corporation if either: 

 

 

the stock of that corporation with respect to which the dividends are paid is readily tradable on an established 
securities market in the US, or 
that corporation is eligible for benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the US that includes an 
information exchange program and is determined to be satisfactory by the US Secretary of the Treasury. The 
Internal Revenue Service has determined that the US-Israel Tax Treaty is satisfactory for this purpose. 

In addition, under current law, a non-corporate US Holder must generally hold his ordinary shares for more than 60 

days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days prior to the ex-dividend date in order for the dividend to qualify as 
“qualified dividend income”. 

Dividends paid by a foreign corporation will not be treated as “qualified dividend income”, however, if such 

corporation is treated, for the tax year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding tax year, as a “passive foreign 
investment company” for US federal income tax purposes. We do not believe that we will be classified as a “passive 
foreign investment company” for US federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year. However, see the 
discussion under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations” below. 

71 

  
Foreign Tax Credit 

Any dividends paid by us to a US Holder with respect to our ordinary shares generally will be treated as foreign 
source passive income for US foreign tax credit purposes. Subject to the foreign tax credit limitations, a US Holder may 
elect to credit any Israeli income taxes withheld from dividends paid on our ordinary shares against such shareholder’s 
US federal income tax liability (provided, inter alia, such shareholder satisfies certain holding requirements with respect 
to our ordinary shares). Amounts withheld in excess of the Treaty tax rate, however, will not be creditable against such 
shareholder’s US federal income tax liability. As an alternative to claiming a foreign tax credit, such shareholder may 
instead claim a deduction for any withheld Israeli income taxes, but only for a year in which such shareholder elects to 
do so with respect to all foreign income taxes. The amount of foreign income taxes that may be claimed as a credit in any 
year is subject to complex limitations and restrictions, which must be determined on an individual basis by each 
shareholder. Accordingly, our shareholders should consult their own tax advisor to determine whether their income with 
respect to their ordinary shares would be foreign source income and whether and to what extent they would be entitled to 
the credit. 

Disposition of Ordinary Shares 

Upon the sale or other disposition of ordinary shares, subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign 

Investment Company Considerations”, if a holder of our shares is a US Holder, such shareholder generally will 
recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the disposition and such 
shareholder’s adjusted tax basis in the ordinary shares, which is usually the cost of such shares, in dollars. US Holders 
should consult their own advisors with respect to the tax consequences of the receipt of a currency other than dollars 
upon such sale or other disposition. 

Gain or loss upon the disposition of the ordinary shares will be treated as long-term if, at the time of the disposition, 

the ordinary shares were held for more than one year. Long-term capital gains realized by non-corporate US Holders 
generally are subject to a lower maximum marginal US federal income tax rate than the maximum marginal US federal 
income tax rate applicable to ordinary income, other than qualified dividend income, as defined above, generally, not 
exceeding 23.8% (including, if applicable, Medicare tax at a rate of 3.8%). The deductibility of capital losses by a US 
Holder is subject to limitations. In general, any gain or loss recognized by a US Holder on the sale or other disposition of 
ordinary shares will be US source income or loss for US foreign tax credit purposes. US Holders should consult their 
own tax advisors concerning the source of income for US foreign tax credit purposes and the effect of the US-Israel Tax 
Treaty on the source of income. 

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations 

Special US federal income tax rules apply to US Holders owning shares of a “passive foreign investment company”, 

or a PFIC, for US federal income tax purposes. A non-US corporation will be considered a PFIC for any taxable year in 
which, after applying look-through rules, either 

 
 

75% or more of its gross income consists of specified types of passive income, or 
50% or more of the average value of its assets consists of passive assets, which generally means assets that generate, 
or are held for the production of, “passive income.” 

  Passive income for this purpose generally includes dividends, interest, royalties, rents and gains from commodities 

and securities transactions and includes amounts derived by reason of the temporary investment of funds. If we were 
classified as a PFIC, and you are a US Holder, you could be subject to increased tax liability upon the sale or other 
disposition of ordinary shares or upon the receipt of amounts treated as “excess distributions” (generally, your 
ratable portion of distributions in any year which are greater than 125% of the average annual distribution received 
by you either in the shorter of the three preceding years or your holding period). Under these rules, the excess 
distribution and any gain would be allocated ratably over our shareholders’ holding period for the ordinary shares, 
and the amount allocated to the current taxable year and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we 
were a PFIC would be taxed as ordinary income. The amount allocated to each of the other taxable years would be 
subject to tax at the highest marginal rate in effect for the applicable class of taxpayer for that year, and an interest 
charge for the deemed deferral benefit would be imposed on the resulting tax allocated to such other taxable years. 
In addition, holders of stock in a PFIC may not receive a “step-up” in basis on shares acquired from a decedent. If 
any of our shareholders are US Holders who hold ordinary shares during a period when we are a PFIC, such 
shareholders be subject to the foregoing rules even if we cease to be a PFIC. 

We believe that we will not be classified as a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year 

and we anticipate that we will not become a PFIC in any future taxable year based on our financial statements, our 

72 

  
current expectations regarding the value and nature of our assets, and the sources and nature of our income. This 
conclusion, however, is a factual determination that must be made annually based on income and assets for the entire 
taxable year and thus may be subject to change. It is not possible to determine whether we will be a PFIC for the current 
taxable year until after the close of the year and our status in future years depends on our income, assets and activities in 
those years. In addition, because the market price of our ordinary shares is likely to fluctuate and the market price of the 
shares of technology companies has been especially volatile, and because that market price may affect the determination 
of whether we will be considered a PFIC, we cannot assure any US Holder that we will not be considered a PFIC for any 
taxable year. 

If we were a PFIC, our shareholders could avoid certain tax consequences referred to above by making an election to 

treat us as a qualified electing fund or by electing to mark the ordinary shares to market. A US Holder may make a 
qualified electing fund election only if we furnish the US Holder with certain tax information and we do not presently 
intend to prepare or provide this information. Alternatively, a US Holder of PFIC stock that is publicly traded may elect 
to mark the stock to market annually and recognize as ordinary income or loss each year an amount equal to the 
difference as of the close of the taxable year between the fair market value of the PFIC stock and the US Holder’s 
adjusted tax basis in the PFIC stock. Losses would be allowed only to the extent of net mark-to-market gain previously 
included by the US Holder under the election for prior taxable years. This election is available for as long as our ordinary 
shares constitute “marketable stock,” which includes stock that is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange or other 
market.” We believe that the Nasdaq Global Select Market will constitute a qualified exchange or other market for this 
purpose. However, no assurances can be provided that our ordinary shares will continue to trade on the Nasdaq Global 
Select Market or that the shares will be regularly traded for this purpose. 

According to law amendments effective in 2010, US persons that are shareholders in a PFIC generally will be 

required to file an annual report disclosing the ownership of such shares and certain other information. 

The rules applicable to owning shares of a PFIC are complex, and our shareholders should consult with their own 

tax advisor regarding the tax consequences that would arise if we were treated as a PFIC. 

Information Reporting and Back-up Withholding 

Dividend payments with respect to ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale or disposition of ordinary shares 
made within the United States or by a US payor or US middleman may be subject to information reporting to the Internal 
Revenue Service and possible US backup withholding. Certain exempt recipients (such as corporations) are not subject 
to these information reporting requirements. Backup withholding also will not apply to a US Holder who furnishes a 
correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or otherwise is exempt from US 
backup withholding requirements. US Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide such 
certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. US Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the 
application of the US information reporting and backup withholding rules. 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited 

against a US Holder’s US federal income tax liability and a US Holder may obtain a refund of any excess amounts 
withheld by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required 
information in a timely manner. The above description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax 
consequences relating to acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. Our shareholders are 
urged to consult their own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of their particular situation. 

Israeli Tax Considerations 

The following is a summary of the current material Israeli tax laws applicable to companies in Israel with special 

reference to its effect on us. This section also contains a discussion of certain Israeli government programs from which 
we may benefit and some Israeli tax consequences to persons acquiring ordinary shares. This summary does not discuss 
all the acts of Israeli tax law that may be relevant to a particular investor in light of his or her personal investment 
circumstances or to some types of investors subject to special treatment under Israeli law. Examples of this kind of 
investor include residents of Israel, traders in securities or persons that own, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of our 
outstanding capital, all of whom are subject to special tax regimes not covered in this discussion. Some parts of this 
discussion are based on new tax legislation that has not been subject to judicial or administrative interpretation. 
Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the views expressed in the discussion will be accepted by the tax authorities in 
question. The discussion is not intended and should not be construed as legal or professional tax advice and does not 
cover all possible tax considerations. 

73 

The discussion below should not be construed as legal or professional tax advice and does not cover all possible tax 
considerations. Potential investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the Israeli or other tax consequences 
of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares, including in particular, the effect of any foreign, state 
or local taxes. 

General Corporate Tax Structure in Israel 

Israeli companies are generally subject to corporate tax on their taxable income. In 2013 the corporate tax rate was 
25%. On August 5, 2013 the Israeli Parliament amended the Income Tax Ordinance, by which, inter alia, the corporate 
tax rate was raised by 1.5% to a rate of 26.5% s from 2014, and in 2015was 26.5%, and for 2016 the corporate tax 
decreased to a rate of 25%. According to new amendment, the regular corporate tax for 2017 decreased to a rate of 24% 
and, as of 2018 and thereafter, there will be a further reduction to 23%. Capital gains derived after January 1, 2010 are 
subject to a corporate tax rate imposed in the sale year. 

Tax Benefits Under the Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, as amended 

Under the Israeli law, Israeli subsidiary of the company is entitled to various tax benefits by virtue of the “Preferred 

Enterprise” status that was granted to her production under the “Investment Law”. There can be no assurance that this 
Israeli subsidiary will continue to qualify as “Preferred Enterprises” in the future or that the benefits will be granted in 
the future. 

Reform of the Investments Law under the 2010 and 2013 Amendments 

On December 29, 2010, the Israeli parliament approved an amendment to the Investments Law, effective as of 
January 1, 2011, which introduces a new status of “Preferred Company” and “Preferred Enterprise”. The amendment 
allows enterprises meeting certain required criteria to enjoy grants as well as tax benefits. The amendment also 
introduces certain changes to the map of geographic development areas for purposes of the Investments Law, which will 
take effect in future years. The amendment generally abolishes the previous tax benefit routes that were afforded under 
the Investment Law, specifically the tax-exemption periods previously allowed, and introduces new tax benefits for 
industrial enterprises meeting the criteria of the law, which include among others the following: 

On August 5, 2013 the Israeli Parliament amended the Investments Law, by which, inter alia, it canceled the scheduled 
progressive reduction in the corporate tax rate for Preferred Enterprises and set it at 16% for enterprises located 
elsewhere as of January 1, 2014. 

On December 2016 the Israeli Parliament amended the Investments Law, by which, inter alia, it reduced for Preferred 
Enterprises which is located in areas other than “Development Zone A” and set it at 7.5% for enterprises located 
elsewhere as of January 1, 2017. 

•  The reduced tax rates will no longer be contingent upon making a minimum qualifying investment in productive 

assets. 

•  A definition of “preferred income” was introduced into the Investments Law to include certain types of income 

that are generated by the Israeli production activity of a preferred enterprise. 

A Preferred Company (as defined in the Investments Law) may generally elect to apply the provisions of the 
amendment to preferred income produced or generated by it commencing from January 1, 2011. The amendment 
provides various transitional provisions which allow, under certain circumstances, to apply the new regime to investment 
programs previously approved or elected under the Investments Law in its previous form, or to continue existing 
investment programs under the provisions of the Investment Law in its previous form for a certain period of time. 

As of December 31, 2021, only 2 of our Israeli subsidiaries is entitled to a “Preferred Company” status pursuant to 

the Investments Law. 

Tax Benefits under the 2016 Amendment 

In December 2016 new legislation amended the Investment Law (the “2016 Amendment”). Under the 2016 

Amendment a new status of “Technological Preferred Enterprise” was introduced to the Investment Law. 

Technological Preferred Enterprise – an enterprise which, amongst other conditions, is part of a consolidated group 

with consolidated revenues of less than NIS 10 billion. A Technological Preferred Enterprise which is located in areas 
other than Development Zone A will be subject to tax at a rate of 12% on profits derived from intellectual property, and 
a Technological Preferred Enterprise in Development Zone A will be subject to tax at a rate of 7.5%. Income not eligible 

74 

for Technological Preferred Enterprise is taxed at the regular corporate tax rate or at the preferred tax rate as mentioned 
above, as the case may be. 

As of December 31, 2021, 2 of our Israeli subsidiaries are entitled to a “Technological Preferred Enterprise” status 

pursuant to the Investments Law. 

Taxation of Non-Israeli Subsidiaries 

Non-Israeli subsidiaries are generally taxed based upon tax laws applicable in their countries of residence. In 

accordance with the provisions of Israeli-controlled foreign corporation rules, certain income of a non-Israeli subsidiary, 
if the subsidiary’s primary source of income is passive income (such as interest, dividends, royalties, rental income or 
income from capital gains), may be deemed distributed as a dividend to the Israeli parent company and consequently is 
subject to Israeli taxation. An Israeli company that is subject to Israeli taxes on such deemed dividend income of its non-
Israeli subsidiaries may generally receive a credit for non-Israeli income taxes paid by the subsidiary in its country of 
residence or are to be withheld from the actual dividend distributions. 

On December 23, 2013 the Israeli Parliament amended the Income Tax Ordinance, with profound changes to the tax 

treatment of CFC, mainly with regard to the following: 

•  Reducing the tax rate criterion: a company is considered CFC If the tax rate applicable to passive income does 

not exceed 15 % (instead of 20 %). 

• 

Sale of a security will be considered passive income, unless the holding duration is less than one year and it has 
been shown that the security served in a business. 

•  Cancel the notional credit mechanism and replacing it with dividend deduction against the actual dividend 

distribution. Tax refund may be allowed under certain conditions. 

•  Dividends derived from income that was taxed at a rate of at least 15% shall not be considered “passive 

income” under certain conditions. 

Taxation of our shareholders 

Capital Gains Taxes Applicable to Israeli Resident Shareholders 

The income tax rate applicable to Real Capital Gain derived by an Israeli individual from the sale of shares which 

had been purchased after January 1, 2012, whether listed on a stock exchange or not, is 25%. However, if such 
shareholder is considered a “Substantial Shareholder” (as defined below) at the time of sale or at any time during the 
preceding 12-month period, such gain will be taxed at the rate of 30%. A “substantial shareholder” is generally a 
person who alone, or together with his relative or another person who collaborates with him on a permanent basis, hold, 
directly or indirectly, at least 10% of any of the “means of control” of the corporation. “Means of control” generally 
include the right to vote, receive profits, nominate a director or an officer, receive assets upon liquidation, or order 
someone who holds any of the aforesaid rights how to act, and all regardless of the source of such right. 

Generally, as of January 1, 2012, the tax rate applicable to capital gains derived from by Israeli resident company on 

the sale of shares, whether listed on a stock market or not, is the corporate tax rate in Israel (commencing from January 
1, 2018, 23%). 

Commencing as of January 1, 2017, an individual whose taxable income during a tax year is in excess of NIS 
640,000, will be liable for an additional 3% on the portion that is in excess of NIS 640,000 (as of January 1, 2022, the 
amount is 663,240 NIS). 

Moreover, capital gains derived by a shareholder who is a dealer or trader in securities, or to whom such income is 

otherwise taxable as ordinary business income, are taxed in Israel at ordinary income rates (currently up to 48% for 
individuals in 2014). Pursuant to Amendment No. 234 to the Income Tax Ordinance there was a decrease of 1% and 
stands at 47% from January 1, 2017 and onwards. 

Taxation of Israeli shareholders on receipt of dividends 

Israeli resident individuals are subject to Israeli income tax on the receipt of dividends paid, at the rate of 25%, or 
30% for a shareholder that is considered a “Substantial Shareholder” (as defined above) at any time during the 12-month 
period preceding such distribution. A distribution of dividend to Israeli resident individuals from income attributed to a 
Preferred Enterprise will be generally subject to a withholding tax rate of 20%. An individual whose taxable income 
during a tax year is in excess of NIS 810,720, will be liable for an additional 2% on the portion that is in excess of NIS 

75 

810,720. from January 1, 2022 taxpayers having taxable income of NIS 663,240 will be subject to an additional tax 
payment at the rate of 3% on the portion of their taxable income for such tax year that is in excess such threshold. For 
this purpose, taxable income includes taxable capital gains from the sale of our shares and taxable income from dividend 
distributions. 

Dividends paid from income derived from Preferred Enterprises are subject to withholding at the rate of 20%. Any 
dividends  distributed  to  foreign  companies,  as  defined  in  the  Investment  law,  derived  from  income  from  the 
Technological Preferred Enterprise will be subject to tax at a rate of 4%, provided foreign shareholders own in excess of 
90% of the shareholding. 

Dividends paid on our ordinary shares to Israeli companies are exempt from such tax, except for dividends 

distributed from income derived outside of Israel, which are subject to the corporate tax rate. 

Taxation of non-Israeli shareholders on receipt of dividends. 

Non-residents of Israel are subject to income tax on income accrued or derived from sources in Israel, including 
dividends paid by Israeli companies. On distributions of dividends other than stock dividends, income tax (generally 
collected by means of withholding) will generally apply at the rate of 25%, or 30% for a shareholder that is considered a 
significant shareholder (as defined above) at any time during the 12-month period preceding such distribution, unless a 
different rate is provided in a treaty between Israel and the shareholder’s country of residence. Dividends paid from 
income derived from Approved or Benefited Enterprises are subject to withholding at the rate of 20%, or 4% for 
Benefited Enterprises in the Ireland Track. Under the U.S.-Israel Tax Treaty, the maximum tax on dividends paid to a 
holder of ordinary shares who qualifies as a resident of the United States within the meaning of the U.S.-Israel Tax 
Treaty is 25%. The treaty provides for reduced tax rates on dividends if (a) the shareholder is a U.S. corporation holding 
at least 10% of our issued voting power during the part of the tax year that precedes the date of payment of the dividend 
and held such minimal percentage during the whole of its prior tax year, and (b) not more than 25% of the Israeli 
company’s gross income consists of interest or dividends, other than dividends or interest received from subsidiary 
corporations or corporations 50% or more of the outstanding voting shares of which is owned by the Israeli company. 
The reduced treaty rate, if applicable, is 15% in the case of dividends paid from income derived from Approved, 
Benefited or Preferred Enterprise or 12.5% otherwise. 

A distribution of dividend to non-Israeli resident from income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise will be generally 

subject to withholding tax rates of 20%, subject to a reduced rate under the provisions of any applicable double tax treaty 
and delivery of formal certificate for such tax rate to be deducted at source. 

A non-resident of Israel who receives dividends from which tax was withheld is generally exempt from the duty to 

file returns in Israel in respect of such income, provided such income was not derived from a business conducted in 
Israel by the taxpayer, and the taxpayer has no other taxable sources of income in Israel. 

Capital Gains Taxes Applicable to Non-Israeli Resident Shareholders. 

Israeli law generally imposes a capital gains tax on the sale of securities and any other capital asset. But, non-Israeli 

residents are exempt from Israeli capital gains tax on any gains derived from the sale of shares of Israeli companies 
publicly traded on a recognized stock exchange or regulated market outside of Israel, provided that the shares were 
purchased after January 1, 2009, capital gain does not belong to the foreign resident’s permanent business in Israel, the 
security was not acquired by the foreign resident from a relative and the shares are not listed on Israeli stock exchange 
upon the sale of the shares. After the company’s shares had been listed for trading on a foreign Exchange and the 
provisions of section 101 of the Ordinance, the provisions of the Adjustments Law and provisions under section 130A of 
the Ordinance do not apply to the capital gain, non-Israeli corporations will not be entitled to such exemption if an Israeli 
resident (i) has a controlling interest of more than 25% in such non-Israeli corporation, or (ii) is the beneficiary or is 
entitled to 25% or more of the revenues or profits of such non-Israeli corporation, whether directly or indirectly. 

In some instances where our shareholders may be liable to Israeli tax on the sale of their ordinary shares, the 

payment of the consideration may be subject to the withholding of Israeli tax at the source. 

F. 

DIVIDENDS AND PAYING AGENTS 

Not applicable 

G. 

STATEMENT BY EXPERTS 

Not applicable. 

76 

H. 

DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY 

We are required to file reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the 
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the regulations thereunder applicable to foreign private issuers. Reports and other 
information filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission may be inspected and copied at the Securities and 
Exchange Commission’s public reference facilities described below. We are not required to file periodic information as 
frequently or as promptly as United States companies. As a foreign private issuer, we are also exempt from the rules 
under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements; and our officers, directors and 
principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and other provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. 

You may review a copy of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including any exhibits and 
schedules, at the Securities and Exchange Commission’s public reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, 
Washington, D.C. 20549. You may also obtain copies of such materials at prescribed rates by writing to the Public 
Reference Section of the Securities and Exchange Commission at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may 
call the Securities and Exchange Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. 
As a foreign private issuer, we are now required to file through the Securities and Exchange Commission’s EDGAR 
system and our periodic filings are therefore available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Web site at 
http://www.sec.gov. You may read and copy any reports, statements or other information that we file with the Securities 
and Exchange Commission at the Securities and Exchange Commission facilities listed above. These Securities and 
Exchange Commission filings are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services. 

I. 

SUBSIDIARY INFORMATION 

Not applicable 

ITEM 11. 

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 

The principal market risks to which we are exposed as a result of our operations are foreign exchange rate risks and 

interest rate risks. 

Foreign exchange rate risk 

Although we report our consolidated financial statements in dollars, in 2019, 2020 and 2021, a portion of our 

revenues and direct expenses was derived in other currencies. For fiscal years 2019, 2020 and 2021, we derived 
approximately 29.3%, 30.6% and 26.6% of our revenues in dollars and other currencies, 40.0%, 49.2% and 52.0% in 
NIS, 30.7% , 20.2% and 21.4% in Brazilian Reals. In fiscal years, 2019, 2020 and 2021, 33.4%, 29.0% and 30.9% of our 
expenses were incurred in dollars and other currencies, 42.5%, 50.6% and 52.3% in NIS and 24.1% , 20.4% and 16.8% 
in Brazilian Reals. 

Exchange differences upon conversion from our functional currency to dollars (presentation currency) are 
accumulated as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income under stockholders’ equity. In the 
year 2021, accumulated other comprehensive income decreased by $ 2.9 Million. In the year 2020 accumulated other 
comprehensive income decreased by $12.9 Million and in the year 2019, accumulated other comprehensive income 
decreased by $4.1. 

The fluctuation of the other currencies in which we incur our expenses or generate revenues against the dollar has 
had the effect of increasing or decreasing (as applicable) reported revenues, cost of revenues and operating expenses in 
such foreign currencies when converted into dollars from period to period. The following table illustrates the effect of 
the changes in exchange rates on our revenues, gross profit and operating income for the periods indicated: 

2019 

At 2018 
exchange 
rates (1) 

   Actual 

Year Ended December 31, 
2020 

   Actual 

At 2019 
exchange 
rates (1) 

   Actual 

2021 

At 2020 
exchange 
rates (1) 

Revenues .....................       
Gross profit .................       
Operating income ........       

279,332  
130,518  
22,654  

289,676  
135,730  
25,419  

(In US$ thousands) 
245,627  
115,515  
27,831  

262,529  
122,708  
31,229  

270,884  
126,482  
54,615  

264,507  
123,734  
53,595  

(1) Based on average exchange rates during the period. Those columns are Non GAAP information. 

77 

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 Our policy remains to reduce exposure to exchange rate fluctuations by entering into foreign currency forward 
transactions that mainly qualify as hedging transactions under ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” the results of 
which are reflected in our income statements as revenues or cost of revenues. Currently, the item most likely to be 
affected by the foreign currency risk is our inventory purchase price. Therefore, from time to time, we enter into such 
forward contracts, generally of 3 to 20 months’ duration in order to hedge a portion of our foreign currency risk on the 
inventory purchase price. The result of these transactions, which are affected by fluctuations in exchange rates, could 
cause our cost of revenues, gross profit and operating income to fluctuate. 

Interest rate risk 

We invest our cash balances in each country in local currency in bank deposits and therefore, we are exposed to 
interest rate fluctuation in those currencies, but we do not believe such risks to be material. We do not use derivative 
financial instruments to limit exposure to interest rate risk. 

ITEM 12. 

DESCRIPTIONS OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES 

Not applicable. 

PART II 

ITEM 13. 

DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES 

Not applicable 

ITEM 14.A 

None 

MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF 
PROCEEDS 

ITEM 15. 

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 

(A) Disclosure Controls and Procedures 

Our co-chief executive officers and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure 
controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of 
December 31, 2021 have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure 
that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated 
and communicated to our management, including our co-chief executive officers and chief financial officer, to allow 
timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods 
specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. 

(B) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting. 
Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to our management and the board of 
directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation and fair presentation of published financial 
statements. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect 
misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurances with 
respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future 
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree 
of compliance with the policies or procedures may decline. 

Our management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 

2021. In making this assessment, our management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring 
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013 Framework). 

Based on such assessment, our management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2021, our internal control over 

financial reporting is effective. 

Fahn Kanne & Co. Grant Thornton Israel, our independent registered public accounting firm, has issued an attestation 
report on our internal control over financial reporting, as of December 31, 2021 and such report is included elsewhere in 
this Form 20 -F. 

78 

Change in Internal Control over Financial Reporting 

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the year ended December 31, 

2021 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial 
reporting. 

 (C) Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm. 

79 

 
 
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM     32 Hamasger Street 
   Tel-Aviv 6721118, 

   Fahn Kanne & Co. 
   Head Office 

Board of Directors and Stockholders 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 

ISRAEL 

   PO Box 36172, 6136101 

   T +972 3 7106666 
   F +972 3 7106660 
   www.gtfk.co.il 

Opinion on internal control over financial reporting 

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Ituran Location and Control Ltd. and Subsidiaries (the 
“Company”)  as  of  December  31,  2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in  the  2013 Internal  Control—Integrated 
Framework issued  by  the  Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (“COSO”).  In  our 
opinion, based  on our audit, the  Company maintained, in  all material respects, effective internal  control over financial 
reporting  as  of  December  31,  2021,  based  on  criteria  established  in  the  2013 Internal  Control—Integrated 
Framework issued by COSO. 

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial  statements of the  Company as  of and  for  the year  ended  December 31, 
2021, and our report dated April 26, 2022, expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements. 

Basis for opinion 

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its 
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying management’s 
report on internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal 
control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are 
required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the 
applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  effective  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  was 
maintained  in  all  material  respects.  Our  audit  included  obtaining  an  understanding  of  internal  control  over  financial 
reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness 
of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the 
circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is  a  process  designed to provide reasonable assurance  regarding 
the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with 
generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies 
and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the 
transactions  and  dispositions  of  the  assets  of  the  company;  (2)  provide  reasonable  assurance  that  transactions  are 
recorded  as  necessary  to  permit  preparation  of  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  generally  accepted  accounting 
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of 
management  and  directors  of  the  company;  and  (3)  provide  reasonable  assurance  regarding  prevention  or  timely 
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the 
financial statements. 

Because  of  its  inherent  limitations,  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  may  not  prevent  or  detect  misstatements. 
Also, projections of any evaluation  of effectiveness to future  periods are  subject  to the  risk  that controls  may become 
inadequate  because  of  changes  in  conditions,  or  that  the  degree  of  compliance  with  the  policies  or  procedures  may 
deteriorate. 

/s/ FAHN KANNE & CO. GRANT THORNTON ISRAEL 
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.) 

Tel-Aviv, Israel 
April 26, 2022 

80 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
ITEM 16. 

[RESERVED] 

ITEM 16A. 

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT 

Our board of directors determined that Mr. Israel Baron, one of our independent directors, is an “audit committee 
financial expert”, as defined by the applicable regulations promulgated under Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. 
For information concerning the experience of Mr. Baron, please refer to Item 6.A – Directors and Senior Management, 
above.(YLC- to review) 

ITEM 16B. 

CODE OF ETHICS 

In 2005, we adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to our senior management, including chief executive officer, chief 

financial officer, internal auditor and other individuals performing similar functions. Code of Business Conduct and 
Ethics was revised on February 26, 2017 as part of our Internal Compliance Program. The amendments were imposing 
on our employee’s stricter rules on compliance with Intellectual properties laws, compliance with Foreign Corrupt 
Practices Act, restrictions and rules on posting information on Ituran on social media and online networking websites, 
adding additional disciplinary measures and providing contact details of our compliance officer. The Code of Business 
Conduct and Ethics has been posted on our website at www.ituran.com. 

ITEM 16C. 

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES 

Fahn Kanne & Co. Grant Thornton Israel (“Grant Thornton”), has served as our independent auditors. On December 

10, 2021 they have been re-elected by our shareholders to serve as our independent auditors for the year 2021, until the 
next general meeting of the shareholders. The following table presents aggregate fees for professional audit services and 
other services rendered by Grant Thornton, for 2020 and 2021: 

Audit Fees (1)  .................................................................................................................................      
Tax Fees (2)  ....................................................................................................................................      
Total .............................................................................................................................................      

   2021 

   2020    
  (in thousands, USD)   
573   
7   
580   

572  
48  
620  

(1)  The audit fees for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021 respectively, were for professional services 
rendered for the audits of our annual consolidated financial statements, review of consolidated quarterly 
financial statements and statutory audits. 

(2)  Consists of all tax related services. 

Our audit committee has approved the above audit and non-audit services provided by Grant Thornton, during the 

years 2020 and 2021. 

ITEM 16D. 

EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEES 

Not applicable. 

ITEM 16E. 

PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED 
PURCHASERS 

During 2020, the Company did not purchase any of its shares. In year 2019 we purchased through our wholly owned 
subsidiary 227,828 of our shares. In 2019 we announced a purchase plan under Rule 10b-5 and Rule 10b-18 to purchase 
our shares up to $ 25 million. Plan was terminated on December 31, 2019. Plan was publicly filed on July 1,2019.  On 
August 2, 2021, we renewed the agreement for the year 2021 and purchased an additional 279,720 of our shares. During 
the year 2021, we purchased through our only owned subsidiary under the Plan 228,725 shares and an additional 50,995 
shares not through publicly announced plans. 

81 

 
  
  
  
    
    
    
  
Period 

Total Number of 
Shares 

Average Price Paid 
per Share 

Total Proceeds 

August 2021 

September 2021 

October 2021 

November 2021 

December 2021 

15,000 

56,409 

59,428 

60,688 

88,195 

Total 2021 

279,720 

26.23 

26.15 

26.38 

26.71 

25.21 

26.03 

394,485 

1,475,218 

1,567,434 

1,620,889 

2,223,215 

7,281,241 

ITEM 16F. 

CHANGES IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT 

Not applicable. 

ITEM 16G. 

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 

Maximum 
Approximate Value 
that May Yet to Be 
Purchased Under the 
Program 

18,607,714 

17,132,496 

15,565,062 

13,944,173 

11,720,958 

11,720,958 

Under NASDAQ Marketplace Rule 5615(a)(3), foreign private issuers, such as our company, are permitted to follow 

certain home country corporate governance practices instead of certain provisions of the Rule 5600 series and the 
requirement to distribute annual and interim reports. A foreign private issuer that elects to follow a home country 
practice instead of any of such provisions, must disclose in its annual reports each requirement that it does not follow, 
describe the home country practice followed by the company in lieu of such requirements, satisfy the voting rights (Rule 
5640) requirements, have an audit committee that satisfies Rule 5605(c)(3), and ensure that such audit committee’s 
members meet the independence requirement in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A). In reliance upon Rule 5615(a)(3), as a foreign 
private issuer, we have elected to follow our home country practices, absent home country rules requiring otherwise, in 
lieu of certain Nasdaq Marketplace Rules. Specifically, in Israel, it is not required that a public company have (i) a 
majority of independent board members or that independent directors have regularly scheduled meetings at which only 
independent directors are present, or (iii) independent oversight of director nominations. As a result, we have elected to 
follow Israeli law regarding the independence requirements of our board of directors. See “External directors” above. In 
addition, our board of directors has not appointed a nominating committee and, instead, elects to follow Israeli law, 
which provides that a company may determine its method of nominating its directors. 

ITEM 16H. 

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE 

Not applicable. 

PART III 

ITEM 17. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

See “Item 18—Financial Statements.” 

ITEM 18. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

The following consolidated financial statements and related registered public accounting firms’ reports are filed as 

part of this annual report: 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .............................................................................   F-2 - F-4 
Consolidated Balance Sheets ............................................................................................................................   F-5 - F-6 
Consolidated Statements of Income ..................................................................................................................   F-7 - F-7 
Statements of Comprehensive Income ..............................................................................................................   F-8 - F-8 
Statement of Changes in Equity ........................................................................................................................   F-9 - F-10 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows ...........................................................................................................   F-11 - F-12 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements .....................................................................................................   F-13 - F-48 

Page 

82 

 
 
  
 
 
ITEM 19. 

EXHIBITS 

Description of Document 

1.1 

1.2 

2.1 

2.2 

2.3 

4.1 

4.2 

4.3 

4.4 

4.5 

4.6 

4.7 

4.8 

4.9 

Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company (7) 

Form of Memorandum of Association of the Company (English Translation) (1) 

Shareholders  Agreement,  dated  May  18,  1998,  by  and  between  Moked  Ituran  Ltd.,  Moked  Services, 
Information, Management,  Investments,  Yehuda  Kahane  Ltd.,  F.K.  Generators  and  Equipment  Ltd.,  Gideon 
Ezra, Ltd., Efraim Sheratzky, and Yigal Shani (English translation). (1) 

Form  of  Amendment  to  Shareholders  Agreement  dated  May  18,  1998,  by  and  between  Moked  Ituran  Ltd., 
Moked Services,  Information,  Management  and  Investments,  Yehuda  Kahane  Ltd.,  F.K.  Generators  and 
Equipment  Ltd.,  Gideon Ezra,  Ltd.,  Efraim  Sheratzky  and/or  T.S.D.  Holdings  Ltd.,  and  Yigal  Shani  and/or 
G.N.S. Holdings Ltd. (English translation). (1) 

Form  of  the  second  Amendment  to  Shareholders  Agreement  dated  May  18,  1998,  by  and  between  Moked 
Ituran  Ltd., Moked  Services,  Information,  Management  and  Investments,  Yehuda  Kahane  Ltd.,  F.K. 
Generators and Equipment Ltd., Gideon Ezra, Ltd., Efraim Sheratzky and/or T.S.D. Holdings Ltd., and Yigal 
Shani and/or G.N.S. Holdings Ltd. (English translation). (5) 

Consulting  Services  Agreement,  dated  March  23,  1998,  by  and  between  the  Registrant  and  Yehuda  Kahane 
Ltd., including addendum thereof, as of May 25, 2003 (English translation). (1) 

Unprotected  Lease  Agreement,  dated  February  7,  2002,  by  and  between  Mofari  Ltd.  and  the  Registrant  and 
addendum thereof, dated February 19, 2002 (English translation) (1) 

Addendum to February 7, 2002 Unprotected Lease Agreement, by and between Mofari Ltd. and the Registrant, 
dated October 31, 2012. (6) 

Lease  Agreement,  dated  May  29,  2002,  by  and  between  Rinat  Yogev  Nadlan  and  Ituran  Cellular 
Communication Ltd. (English translation). (1)(4) 

Lease  Agreement,  dated  March  16,  2000,  by  and  between  Teleran  Localizacao  e  Controle  Ltda.  and  T4U 
Holding B.V., and addendum thereof, dated May 31, 2000. (1) 

Form of Directors’ Letter of Indemnity (English translation). (6) 

Frame Product and Services Purchase Agreement dated January 1, 2008 by and between Ituran Location and 
Control Ltd. and Telematics Wireless Ltd. (2) * 

Radio Location System License Agreement, dated July 13, 2004, by and between Teletrac, Inc., and Telematics 
Wireless Ltd. (1) 

Ituran Location & Control Compensation Policy, as approved on November 7, 2016. (7) 

Service  Agreement,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2014,  by  and  among  Ituran  Location  &  Control  Ltd.,  Izzy 
Sheratzky and A. Sheratzky Holdings Ltd. (English Translation). (6) 

4.9(a)  Addendum dated April 4, 2017 to the Service Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2014, by and among Ituran 

Location & Control Ltd., Izzy Sheratzky and A. Sheratzky Holdings Ltd. (7) 

4.10 

Service  Agreement,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2014,  by  and  among  Ituran  Location  &  Control  Ltd.,  ORAS 
Capital Ltd. and Eyal Sheratzky. (6) 

4.10 (a)  Addendum dated April 4, 2017 to the Service Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2014, by and among Ituran 

Location &Control Ltd., ORAS Capital Ltd. and Eyal Sheratzky. (7) 

4.11 

Service  Agreement,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2014,  by  and  among  Ituran  Location  &  Control  Ltd.,  Galnir 
Management and Investments Ltd. and Nir Sheratzky. (6) 

4.11 (a)  Addendum dated April 4, 2017 to the Service Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2014, by and among Ituran 

Location &Control Ltd., Galnir Management and Investments Ltd. and Nir Sheratzky.(7) 

4.12 

Service  Agreement,  dated  as  of  February  1,  2014,  by  and  among  E-Com  Global  Electronic  Commerce 
Ltd., ZERO-TO-ONE S.B.L. INVESTMENTS LTD. and Gil Sheratzky. (6) 

83 

 
  
  
4.12 (a)  Addendum dated April 4, 2017 to the Service Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2014, by and among E-Com 
Global Electronic Commerce Ltd., ZERO-TO-ONE S.B.L. INVESTMENTS LTD. and Gil Sheratzky. (7) 

4.13 

8 

12.1 

12.2 

13 

Purchase  Agreement,  dated  as  of  July  23,  2018,  by  and  among  Ituran  Location  &  Control  Ltd.  and  Yomuna 
Investments S.L., Viatka Investments S.L., I-Gelt Holdings, LLC, East Holdings, LLC and Road Track Holding 
S.L*** 

List of significant subsidiaries. 

Certifications by co-chief executive officers as required by Rule 13a-14(a). 

Certification by person serving in the capacity of chief financial officer as required by Rule 13a-14(a). 

Certifications by the co-chief executive officers and the person serving in the capacity of chief financial officer 
as required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code. 

(1)  Filed as an exhibit to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-128028) filed on 

September 23, 2005 and incorporated herein by reference. 

(2)  Filed as an exhibit to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2007 and incorporated 

herein by reference. 

(3)  Filed as an exhibit to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2010 and incorporated 

herein by reference. 

(4)  The current lessee under this agreement is the Registrant. 

(5)  Filed as an exhibit to Form 13G of Yehuda Kahane for the year ended December 31, 2014, filed on February 

17, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference. 

(6)  Filed as an exhibit to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2013 and incorporated 

herein by reference. 

(7)  Filed as an exhibit to the annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2016 and incorporated 

herein by reference. 

* Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to an order granting confidential treatment by the 
United States Securities and Exchange Commission. The omitted non-public information has been filed with the 
United States Securities and Exchange Commission 

** Previously filed 

*** Certain portions of this exhibit have been omitted. 

84 

 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 

Consolidated Financial Statements 
as of December 31, 2021 

 
 
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ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 

Consolidated Financial Statements 
as of December 31, 2021 

Table of Contents 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm .................................................................................   F-2 

Page 

(PCAOB ID 1375) 

Consolidated Financial Statements: 

Balance Sheets ........................................................................................................................................................   F-5 

Statements of Income ..............................................................................................................................................   F-7 

Statements of Comprehensive Income ....................................................................................................................   F-8 

Statements of Changes in Equity.............................................................................................................................   F-9 

Statements of Cash Flows .......................................................................................................................................   F-11 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ...........................................................................................................   F-13 

======================= 

============= 

 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 [This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

  
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING 
FIRM 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 

Fahn Kanne & Co. 
Head Office 
32 Hamasger Street 
Tel-Aviv 6721118, ISRAEL 
PO Box 36172, 6136101 

T +972 3 7106666 
F +972 3 7106660 
www.gtfk.co.il 

Opinion on the financial statements 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Ituran Location and Control Ltd. and subsidiaries (the 
“Company”) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, 
changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the  three years  in the period ended  December  31, 2021, and the related 
notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all 
material  respects,  the  financial  position  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2021  and  2020,  and  the  results  of  its 
operations  and  its  cash  flows  for  each  of  the  three  years  in  the  period  ended  December  31,  2021,  in  conformity  with 
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. 

We  also  have  audited,  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Public  Company  Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United 
States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria 
established in the 2013 Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations 
of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated April 26, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion. 

Basis for opinion 

These  financial  statements  are  the  responsibility  of  the  Company’s  management.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an 
opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the 
PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities 
laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. 

We  conducted  our  audits  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  PCAOB.  Those  standards  require  that  we  plan  and 
perform  the  audit  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about  whether  the  financial  statements  are  free  of  material 
misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our  audits included performing procedures  to assess  the risks of  material 
misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those 
risks.  Such  procedures  included  examining,  on  a  test  basis,  evidence  regarding  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the 
financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made 
by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial  statements.  We  believe  that  our  audits 
provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. 

Certified Public Accountants 
Fahn Kanne & Co. is the Israeli member firm of Grant Thornton International Ltd 

F - 2 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Critical Audit Matter 

The  critical  audit  matter  communicated  below  is  a  matter  arising  from  the  current  period  audit  of  the  consolidated 
financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relate to 
accounts  or  disclosures  that  are  material  to  the  consolidated  financial  statements  and  (ii)  involved  our  especially 
challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matters does not alter in any way 
our opinion on the consolidated  financial statements, taken as a whole,  and  we are not, by communicating the critical 
audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it 
relates. 

Goodwill and intangible assets impairment analysis 

As described further in Note 1N, Note 8 and Note 9 to the consolidated financial statement, the Company’s consolidated 
goodwill  and  intangible  assets  balances  were  US$39,999  and  US$16,753  thousand,  respectively,  as  of  December  31, 
2021. As disclosed by management, goodwill is assigned to reporting units and tested for impairment at least annually, 
and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of goodwill may not be recoverable. 
Management determines the fair value of its reporting units using the income approach. Within the income approach, the 
method that was used is the discounted cash flow method with respect to the goodwill impairment analysis. Management 
started  with  a  forecast  of  all  the  expected  net  cash  flows  associated  with  the  reporting  units,  which  includes  the 
application  of  a  terminal  value,  and  then  applied  a  discount  rate  to  arrive  at  a  net  present  value  amount.  Cash  flow 
projections  are  based  on  management’s  estimates  of  revenue  growth  rates  and  operating  margins,  taking  into 
consideration  industry  and  market  conditions  (including  COVID-19  impact  estimates).  With  respect  to  the  intangible 
asset's impairment analysis, management measures the recoverability of such assets to be held and used by a comparison 
of the carrying amount of the asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such 
assets  are  considered  to  be  impaired,  the  impairment  recognized  is  measured  by  the  amount  by  which  the  carrying 
amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. 

We  identified  the  goodwill  and  intangible  assets  impairment  analysis  as  a  critical  audit  matter.  The  principal 
considerations  for  our  determination  that  performing  procedures  relating  to  the  goodwill  and  intangible  assets 
impairment analysis is a critical audit matter are due to the significant judgment by management when determining the 
fair  value  measurement  of  the  reporting  units  and  the  intangible  assets.  This  in  turn  led  to  a  high  degree  of  auditor 
judgment,  effort  and  subjectivity  in  performing  procedures  and  evaluating  management’s  fair  value  estimate,  which 
included significant assumptions related to revenue growth rates, expected cash flows, discount rate and terminal growth 
rate.  In  addition,  the  audit  effort  involved  the  use  of  professionals  with  specialized  skill  and  knowledge  to  assist  in 
performing these procedures and evaluating the audit evidence obtained. 

Certified Public Accountants 
Fahn Kanne & Co. is the Israeli member firm of Grant Thornton International Ltd 

F - 3 

 
 
 
 
Our audit procedures related to this matter included the following, among others. We tested the design and the operating 
effectiveness of controls relating to management’s goodwill and intangible assets impairment analysis, including controls 
over the valuation. We tested management’s process for determining the fair value estimate, which included evaluating 
the appropriateness of the discounted cash flow model; testing the completeness, accuracy and relevance of underlying 
data  used  in  the  model;  and  evaluating  the  reasonableness  of  significant  assumptions  used  by  management,  including 
revenue growth rates, discount rate and terminal growth rate with respect to goodwill and future revenues and discount 
rate with respect to other intangible assets. Evaluating management’s assumptions  related  to  revenue growth  rates  and 
terminal growth rate involved evaluating whether the assumptions used by management were reasonable considering (i) 
the current and past performance of the reporting units, (ii) the consistency with external market and industry data, and 
(iii)  the  constituency  of  the  assumptions  used  with  evidence  obtained  in  other  areas  of  the  audit.  We  also  used 
professionals  with  specialized  skill  and knowledge  to  assist  in  the  evaluation  of  management’s  discounted  cash  flow 
model, and certain significant assumptions, including the discount rate. 

FAHN KANNE & CO. GRANT THORNTON ISRAEL 
Certified Public Accountants (Isr.) 

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1997. 

Tel-Aviv, Israel 
April 26, 2022 

Certified Public Accountants 
Fahn Kanne & Co. is the Israeli member firm of Grant Thornton International Ltd 

F - 4 

 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

(in thousands) 

Current assets 

Cash and cash equivalents ......................................................................................... 
Investment in marketable securities .......................................................................... 
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts) ................................. 
Other current assets (Note 2) .................................................................................... 
Inventories (Note 3) .................................................................................................. 

Long-term investments and other assets 

Investments in affiliated companies (Note 4A) ......................................................... 
Investments in other companies (Note 4B) ............................................................... 
Other non-current assets (Note 5) ............................................................................. 
Deferred income taxes (Note 15) .............................................................................. 
Funds in respect of employee rights upon retirement ............................................... 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

50,306     
4,405     
43,916     
36,979     
27,128     
162,734     

885     
1,866     
3,146     
11,091     
16,205     
33,193     

72,183 
6,663 
39,343 
38,624 
22,622 
179,435 

908 
1,263 
2,953 
11,360 
13,558 
30,042 

Property and equipment, net (Note 6) ...................................................................... 

35,652     

37,653 

Operating lease right of use assets, net (Note 7)....................................................... 

4,690     

5,548 

Intangible assets, net (Note 8) .................................................................................... 

16,753     

19,932 

Goodwill (Note 9) ........................................................................................................ 

39,999     

39,862 

Total assets .................................................................................................................. 

293,021     

312,472 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 5 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
  
    
 
 
  
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (cont.) 

(in thousands, except share data) 

Current liabilities 

Credit from banking institutions (Note 10A) ............................................................ 
Accounts payable ...................................................................................................... 
Deferred revenues ..................................................................................................... 
Obligation to purchase non-controlling interests (Notes 1Y) .................................... 
Other current liabilities (Note 11) ............................................................................. 

Long-term liabilities 

Deferred income taxes (Note 15) .............................................................................. 
Loan from bank institution (Note 10B) ..................................................................... 
Liability for employee rights upon retirement .......................................................... 
Deferred revenues ..................................................................................................... 
Operating lease liabilities, non-current ..................................................................... 
Other non-current liabilities ...................................................................................... 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

18,257     
21,275     
24,333     
-     
40,767     
104,632     

1,952     
13,169     
22,476     
8,902     
1,750     
2,337     
50,586     

20,388 
19,716 
24,351 
10,595 
37,677 
112,727 

2,494 
34,068 
19,715 
8,536 
2,692 
2,341 
69,846 

Contingent liabilities (Note 12) 

Equity: 
Stockholders’ equity (Note 13) 

Share capital – ordinary shares of NIS 0.33⅓ par value: .......................................... 

Authorized – December 31, 2021 and 2020 – 60,000,000 shares 
Issued and outstanding – December 31, 2021 and 2020 – 23,475,431 shares 
Additional paid- in capital ......................................................................................... 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss .................................................................... 
Retained earnings 

Treasury stock at cost – December 31, 2021 – 2,941,845 shares and December 31, 

2020 – 2,662,125 shares. .......................................................................................... 
Stockholders’ equity ................................................................................................... 
Non-controlling interests ........................................................................................... 
Total equity ................................................................................................................. 

1,983     

1,983 

78,334     
(41,888)    
143,259     

(49,228)    
132,460     
5,343     
137,803     

78,304 
(38,832) 
127,684 

(41,947) 
127,192 
2,707 
129,899 

Total liabilities and equity ......................................................................................... 

293,021     

312,472 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 6 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
  
     
 
 
  
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
      
 
 
  
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
      
 
 
  
      
 
  
 
  
      
 
 
  
      
 
 
  
      
 
 
 
  
      
 
 
  
      
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
      
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 

(in thousands except earnings per share) 

Revenues: 
Telematics services .........................................................................  
Telematics products ........................................................................  

Cost of revenues: 
Telematics services .........................................................................  
Telematics products ........................................................................  

Gross profit .....................................................................................  
Research and development expenses ..............................................  
Selling and marketing expenses ......................................................  
General and administrative expenses ..............................................  
Impairment of goodwill (Note 9) ....................................................  
Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses (income), net 
(Note 8) ........................................................................................  
Operating income .........................................................................  
Other expense, net ...........................................................................  
Financing income (expenses), net (Note 14) ...................................  
Income before income tax ............................................................  
Income tax expenses (Note 15) .......................................................  
Share in losses of affiliated companies, net (Note 4A) ...................  
Net income for the year ...................................................................  
Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interest ...............  
Net income attributable to the Company .........................................  

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

189,649     
81,235     
270,884     

182,944    
62,683    
245,627    

204,728 
74,604 
279,332 

84,783     
59,619     
144,402     

126,482     
14,099     
11,906     
46,118     
-     

(256)     
54,615     
(109)     
(5,538)     
48,968     
(11,854)     
(102)     
37,012     
(2,756)     
34,256     

81,365    
48,747    
130,112    

115,515    
12,767    
11,014    
49,705    
10,508    

3,690    
27,831    
(272)    
1,480    
29,039    
(10,856)    
(842)    
17,341    
(1,218)    
16,123    

90,158 
58,656 
148,814 

130,518 
13,913 
12,778 
55,166 
12,292 

13,715 
22,654 
(26) 
576 
23,204 
(12,234) 
(3,203) 
7,767 
(878) 
6,889 

Basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to 

Company’s stockholders (Note 16) ...........................................  

1.65     

0.77    

0.33 

Basic and diluted weighted average number of shares 

outstanding .................................................................................  

20,769     

20,813    

21,037 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 7 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
     
    
 
 
   
     
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
      
     
 
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
      
     
 
 
  
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

(in thousands) 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

Net income for the year ...................................................................... 

37,012  

17,341 

7,767 

Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: 
Foreign currency translation adjustments ........................................... 
Unrealized losses in respect of derivative financial instruments 

designated for cash flow hedge ....................................................... 
Reclassification of net gains realized to net income........................... 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax ................................................. 

Comprehensive income ...................................................................... 
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling 

interests ........................................................................................... 
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company......................... 

(2,935 )    

(12,918)    

-  
-  
(2,935 )    

- 
- 

(12,918)    

34,077  

4,423 

(2,877 )    
31,200  

(1,267)    
3,156 

(4,054) 

(384) 
(399) 
(4,837) 

2,930 

(1,302) 
1,628 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
   
 
   
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 

Ordinary shares 

COMPANY STOCKHOLDERS 

(in thousands) 

Number of 
shares 

Share capital 
amount 

Additional paid 
in capital 

Accumulated other 
comprehensive loss    

Retained 
earnings     

Treasury 
stock 

Purchase price 
adjustment 
to be settled 
in shares 

Non-
controlling 
interests      Total   

US dollars 
(except 
for number of 
shares) ..................

Balance as 

of January 1, 
2019 .......................

Changes during 

2019:   

Treasury shares 

  return (*) ..............

Purchase of 

treasury shares 
(**) ........................

Net income 
Other 

comprehensiv
e loss   ....................

Dividend paid to 

non-
controlling 
interests .................
Dividend paid ............
Dividend 

declared .................

Balance as 

of December 
31, 2019 .................

23,476    

1,983    

78,680    

(20,604)    129,580    

(25,146)   

(10,800)   

6,507     160,200 

-    

(10,800)   

10,800    

-     

- 

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    
-    

-    
6,889    

(6,001)   
-    

(5,261)   

-    

-    
-    
-     (14,940)   

-    

(5,050)   

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-      (6,001) 
878      7,767 

424      (4,837) 

(1,225 )    (1,225) 
-      (14,940) 

-      (5,050) 

6,584     135,914 

23,476    

1,983    

78,680    

(25,865)    116,479    

(41,947)   

(*) See Note 3 
(**) See Note 14A5 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 9 

 
 
 
 
 
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
    
   
    
  
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
   
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
   
    
      
      
    
 
     
     
      
     
     
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (cont.) 

COMPANY STOCKHOLDERS 

(in thousands) 

Ordinary shares 

Number 
of shares     

Share capital 
amount 

Additional paid 
in 
capital 

Accumulated other 
comprehensive 
loss 

Retained 
earnings      

Treasury 
stock 

Non-
controlling 
interests 

     Total 

23,476    

1,983    

78,680     

(25,865)   

116,479    

(41,947)   

6,584     135,914  

-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    

-    

-    

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    

-     

-     

-     
-     

-     

(430 )   

54     

-    

16,123    

(12,967)   

-    

-    
(4,918)   

-    

-    

-    
-    

1,218    

17,341  

49    

(12,918 ) 

(1,461)   
-    

(1,461 ) 
(4,918 ) 

-    
-    

-    

-    

-    

-    

-    

(3,363)   

(3,363 ) 

-    

-    

-    

(320)   

(750 ) 

-    

-    

54  

23,476    

1,983    

78,304     

(38,832)   

127,684    

(41,947)   

2,707     129,899  

-    

-    

-    
-    
-    

-    

-    

-    

-    

-    
-    
-    

-      

-     

-     

-     
-     
-     

-    

34,256    

(3,056)   

-    

-    
-    
-    

-    
(15,809)   
(2,872)   

-    

-    

-    
-    
-    

2,756    

37,012  

121    

(2,935 ) 

(241)   
-    
-    

(241 ) 
(15,809 ) 
(2,872 ) 

(7,281)     

(7,281 ) 

-    

30     

-    

-    

-    

-    

30  

23,476    

1,983    

78,334     

(41,888)   

143,259    

(49,228)   

5,343     137,803  

US dollars (except 
for number 
of shares) 
Balance as of 

January 1, 2020 ....... 

Changes during 

2020:   

Net income ................... 
Other comprehensive 

loss   .......................... 

Dividend paid to 

non-controlling 
interests .................... 
Dividend paid ............... 
Dividend declared to 
non-controlling 
interests .................... 

Purchase of 

subsidiary shares 
from non-
controlling 
interests .................... 

Stock-based 

compensation in a 
subsidiary 
company ................... 

Balance as of 

December 31, 
2020 .......................... 

Changes during 

2021:   

Net income ................... 
Other comprehensive 

loss   .......................... 

Dividend paid to 

non-controlling 
interests .................... 
Dividend paid ............... 
Dividend declared ......... 
Purchase of treasury 

shares (*) .................. 

Stock-based 

compensation in a 
subsidiary 
company ................... 

Balance as of 

December 31, 
2021 .......................... 

(*) See Note 13A6 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 10 

 
 
 
 
 
  
    
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
 
  
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
 
 
 
  
      
      
    
 
     
     
      
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
      
      
    
 
     
     
      
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
     
    
    
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

(in thousands) 
Cash flows from operating activities 
Net income for the year .........................................................................................................    
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities: 

Depreciation and amortization ...........................................................................................    
Interest and exchange rate on long term credit ..................................................................    
Loss (gains) in respect of trading marketable securities and other investments ................    
Increase in liability for employee rights upon retirement ..................................................    
Share in losses of affiliated companies, net .......................................................................    
Deferred income taxes .......................................................................................................    
Capital loss (gain) on sale of property and equipment, net ................................................    
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable ........................................................................    
Decrease in other current and non-current assets ...............................................................    
Increase (decrease) in inventories ......................................................................................    
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable ............................................................................    
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues ...........................................................................    
Increase (decrease) in obligation to purchase non-controlling interests ............................    
Impairment of goodwill .....................................................................................................    
Impairment of other intangible assets ................................................................................    
Increase (decrease) in other current and non-current liabilities .........................................    
Net cash provided by operating activities .......................................................................    

Cash flows from investment activities 
Increase in funds in respect of employee rights upon retirement, net of withdrawals ...........    
Capital expenditures ..........................................................................................................    
Investment in affiliated company ......................................................................................    
Investment in marketable securities ...................................................................................    
Investments in long - term deposit .....................................................................................    
Investments in other companies, net ..................................................................................    
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment ..................................................................    
Sale of marketable securities .............................................................................................    
Net cash used in investment activities ............................................................................    

Cash flows from financing activities 

Repayment of long-term loan ............................................................................................    
Settlement of obligation to purchase non-controlling interests ..........................................    
Short term credit from banking institutions .......................................................................    
Acquisition of company shares ..........................................................................................    
Purchase of shares from non-controlling interests .............................................................    
Dividend paid ....................................................................................................................    
Dividend paid to non-controlling interests.........................................................................    
Net cash used in financing activities ..............................................................................    
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents .............................................    
Net change in cash and cash equivalents...............................................................................    
Balance of cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year ...................................................    
Balance of cash and cash equivalents at end of year ......................................................    

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2019 
2020 

2021 

37,012       17,341      

7,767 

(266 )    
(4,101 )    
1,445      
842      
(2,158 )    
199      

(47 )    
2,387      
2,069      
102      
(443 )    
(166 )    
(3,994 )    
1,047      
(3,841 )    
1,776      
318      
967      

18,096       18,831       22,843 
26 
241 
1,094 
3,203 
(2,246) 
112 
4,496       10,704 
2,021 
3,064      
3,815 
3,120      
(1,125) 
(658 )    
(7,392) 
(5,367 )    
(3,215) 
(848 )    
-       10,508       12,292 
3,661       13,862 
-      
(4,323) 
9,959      
507      
55,790       60,068       59,679 

(2,097 )    
(1,191) 
(1,148 )    
(16,626 )     (10,234 )     (18,310) 
(55) 
(1,102) 
(16) 
(229) 
216 
2,400 
(18,524 )     (11,479 )     (18,287) 

(136 )    
-      
(48 )    
(539 )    
922      
-      

(90 )    
-      
(32 )    
(467 )    
223      
269      

(23,576 )     (18,157 )    
-      
(11,281 )    
1,186      
(197 )    
-      
(7,281 )    
-      
(750 )    
(15,809 )    
(522 )    

(8,938) 
- 
(2,167) 
(6,001) 
- 
(9,967 )     (19,848) 
(1,973) 
(1,761 )    
(58,666 )     (29,449 )     (38,927) 
101 
(921 )    
2,566 
(21,877 )     18,219      
72,183       53,964       51,398 
50,306       72,183       53,964 

(477 )    

Supplementary information on investing and financing activities not involving cash flows: 

In November 2021, the Company declared a dividend in an amount of US$3 million. The dividend was paid in January 
2022. 

In  June 2020,  an  Israeli  investee  have  completed public  registration  in  Israel  and  its  shares  became  equity  investment 
with  readily  determinable  fair  value.  As  a  result,  the  Company  reclassified  the  above-mentioned  investment  (in  the 
amount of approximately US$3.6 million) from investment in other companies (under long-term investments and other 
assets) to investment in marketable securities (under current assets). 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 11 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
     
     
     
 
     
       
       
 
     
       
       
 
     
       
       
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (cont.) 

Supplementary disclosure of cash flow information 

(in thousands) 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

Interest paid ........................................................................................ 

979     

1,956     

1,788 

Income taxes paid, net of refunds ....................................................... 

13,497     

14,402     

10,376 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements. 

F - 12 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
     
     
 
 
  
 
   
       
       
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

NOTE 1     -        SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

A.  General 

1.  Operations 

Ituran  Location  and  Control  Ltd.  (the  “Company”)  commenced  operations  in  1994.  The 
Company and its subsidiaries  (the  “Group”) are engaged  in  the provision of Location based 
Telematics  services  and  machine-to-machine  Telematics  products  for  use  in  stolen  vehicle 
recovery, fleet management and other applications. 

On September 13, 2018, the Company closed the acquisition of 81.3% of the shares of Road 
Track  Holding  S.L  (Today  called  Ituran  Spain  Holdings)  (“Road  Track”  or  "Ituran  Spain 
Holdings"), a telematics’ company operating primarily in the Latin American region. 

On  September  22,  2021  the  Company  purchased  the  remaining 18.7%  of  shares  in  Ituran 
Spain  Holdings.  This  was  in  line  with  the  original  acquisition  agreement  with  the  former 
shareholders of this subsidiary. 

2.  Functional currency and translation to the reporting currency 

The  functional  currency  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  located  in  Israel  (except  those 
that are held through the subsidiary “Road track”) is the New Israeli Shekel (“NIS”), which is 
the  local  currency  in  which  those  entities  operate.  The  functional  currency  of  the  foreign 
subsidiaries located in Brazil, Mexico and Colombia is the local currency in each country and 
the functional currency of the rest of the subsidiaries (including Argentinian subsidiaries that 
operates  in  highly  inflationary  economy)  is  the  US  Dollar.  Regarding  the  Argentinian 
subsidiaries see below. 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Company  and  all  of  its  subsidiaries  were 
translated  into  U.S.  dollars  in  accordance  with  the  standards  of  the  Financial  Accounting 
Standards  Board  ("FASB").  Accordingly,  assets  and  liabilities  were  translated  from  local 
currencies to U.S. dollars using yearend exchange rates, and income and expense items were 
translated at average exchange rates during the year. 

Gains  or  losses  resulting  from  translation  adjustments  (which  result  from  translating  an 
entity’s  financial  statements  into  U.S.  dollars  if  its  functional  currency  is  different  than  the 
U.S.  dollar)  are  reported  in  other  comprehensive  income  and  are  reflected  in  equity,  under 
“accumulated  other  comprehensive  income  (loss)”.  Translation  gains  and  losses  resulting 
from changes in exchange rates used in the translation of intercompany balances that are long 
term  investment  nature  (i.e.  which  their  settlement  is  not  planned  or  anticipated)  are  also 
included in other comprehensive income (loss). 

When  an  economy  in  which  a  foreign  entity  of  the  group  operates,  becomes  highly 
inflationary  environment  (an  economy  with  a  cumulative  inflation  rate  of  approximately 
100% or more over a three-year period, such as the Company's subsidiaries in Argentina), the 
financial  statements  of  that  foreign  entity  are remeasured as  if  its  functional  currency  is  the 
reporting currency of its parent. 

Balances denominated in, or linked to foreign currency are stated on the basis of the exchange 
rates  prevailing  at  the  balance  sheet  date.  For  foreign  currency  transactions  included  in  the 
statement of income, the exchange rates applicable on the relevant transaction dates are used. 
Transaction gains or losses arising from changes in the exchange rates used in the translation 
of such balances are carried to financing income or expenses as applicable. 

F - 13 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

A.  General (cont.) 

2.  Functional currency and translation to the reporting currency (cont.) 

The  following  table  presents  data  regarding  the  dollar  exchange  rate  of  relevant  currencies 
and the Israeli CPI: 

At December 31, 

Exchange rate 
of one US dollar 

    Israeli CPI(*)   

   NIS 

  Brazilian Real     

2021 ................................................................    
2020 ................................................................    
2019 ................................................................    

3.110 
3.215 
3.456 

5.5805    117.03 points   
5.1967    113.84 points   
4.0307    114.63 points   

Increase (decrease) during the year: 

2021 ................................................................    
2020 ................................................................    
2019 ................................................................    

(3.27)%  
(6.97)%  
(7.79)%  

7.39%   
28.93%   
4.02%   

2.80% 
(0.69)% 
0.60% 

(*)  Based on the Index for the month  ending on  each  balance  sheet date,  on the basis  of 

2008 average. 

3.  Basis of presentation 

The consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). 

4.   Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to 
make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and 
disclosure  of  contingent  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  date  of  the  consolidated  financial 
statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. 
Actual results could differ from the estimates. 

As  applicable  to  these  consolidated  financial  statements,  the  most  significant  estimates  and 
assumptions  relate  to  legal  contingencies,  valuation  of  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets 
and revenue recognition and related deferred expenses (contract costs). 

As of December 31, 2021, the impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 continues to unfold. As a 
result,  some  of  the  Company's  estimates  and  assumptions  required  increased  judgment  and 
carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. As events continue to evolve and additional 
information  becomes  available,  the  Company's  estimates  may  change  materially  in  future 
periods 

B.  Principles of consolidation 

The  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  accounts  of  the  Company  and  all  of  its 
subsidiaries. In these financial statements, the term “subsidiary” refers to a company over which 
the Company exerts control and the financial statements of which are consolidated with those of 
the  Company.  Significant  intercompany 
transactions  and  balances  are  eliminated  upon 
consolidation;  profits  from  intercompany  sales,  not  yet  realized  outside  of  the  Group,  are  also 
eliminated. Non-controlling interests are presented in equity. 

F - 14 

 
  
 
 
 
   
 
   
    
 
  
   
 
   
    
 
  
  
  
  
    
 
   
 
  
 
   
 
   
    
 
  
    
 
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

B.  Principles of consolidation (cont.) 

Changes  in  the  Company  ownership  interest  in  a  subsidiary  while  the  control  is  retained  are 
accounted for as equity transactions and accordingly no gain or loss is recognized in consolidated 
net  income  or  comprehensive  income.  Upon  such  transaction,  the  carrying  amount  of  the  non-
controlling interest is adjusted to reflect the change in its ownership interest in the subsidiary and 
any  difference  between  the  fair  value  of  the  consideration  received  or  paid  and  the  amount  by 
which the non-controlling interest was adjusted is recognized in additional paid-in capital. 

C.  Cash and cash equivalents 

The Group considers all highly liquid investments, which include short-term bank deposits that are 
not restricted as to withdrawal or use, and short-term debentures, with original periods to maturity 
not exceeding three months, to be cash equivalents. 

D.   Marketable securities 

The Company account for its investments in debt securities in accordance with ASC Topic 320-
10,  which  is  applicable  to  Debt  Securities  only,  while  equity  securities  are  accounted  for  in 
accordance with ASC Topic 321-10, "Investments - Equity Securities" (“ASC Topic 321-10”). 

According  to  ASC  Topic  321-10,  equity  securities  with  readily  determinable  fair  value  are 
measured  upon  initial  recognition  and  in  subsequent  periods  at  fair  value  with  gains  and  losses 
reported periodically in earnings as financing income or expenses. 

The investments in debt and equity securities that were held by the Company during the reported 
periods and were subject to the provisions of ASC Topic 320-10 were designated by management 
as trading securities. 

Changes in fair value measurement of debt and equity securities for the years 2021, 2020 and 2019 
amounted  to  gain  (loss)  of  approximately  (US$ 2,387),  US$  2,453  and  (US$ 241)  thousand, 
respectively. 

E.  Treasury stock 

Company shares held by the Company and a wholly owned subsidiary are presented as a reduction 
of equity, at their cost, under  the  caption “Treasury  Stock”.  Gains  and losses  upon  sale of these 
shares, net of related income taxes, are recorded as additional paid in capital. 

F.   Allowance for doubtful accounts 

The  allowance  for  doubtful  accounts  is  determined  with  respect  to  amounts  the  Group  has 
determined to be doubtful of collection, in order to reflect the expected credit losses on accounts 
receivable balances. Judgment is required in the estimation of the allowance for doubtful accounts 
and the Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on a combination of 
factors including , among other things, the past experience with customers, the length of time that 
the balance is past due using an aging schedule, the customer's current ability to pay and their the 
creditworthiness using all available information about the credit risk on such customers taking into 
consideration the current business environment. If it's becomes aware of a customer’s inability to 
meet its financial obligations, a specific allowance is recorded to reduce the net receivable to the 
amount reasonably believed to be collectible from such customer. 

Accounts  receivable  are  written  off  against  the  allowance  for  uncollectible  accounts  when  the 
Company determines amounts are no longer collectible 

See also Note 21A. 

The  allowance  in  respect  of  accounts  receivable  at  December  31,  2021  and  2020  was 
US$ 3,368,000 and US$ 4,111,000, respectively. 

F - 15 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

G.  Inventories 

Inventories  are  stated  at  the  lower  of  cost  or  net  realizable  value.  Cost  of  raw  materials  and 
finished  products  is  mainly  determined  on  the  basis  of  first-in,  first-out  (FIFO).  Other  method 
which  is  utilized  for  determining  the  value  of  inventories  is  the  moving  average.  The  Group 
regularly  reviews  its  inventories  for  obsolescence  and  other  impairment  risks  and  reserves  are 
established when necessary. 

H.   Investment in affiliated companies 

Investments in companies in  which  the Group  has  significant  influence but  less  than  controlling 
interests, are accounted for by the equity method. Income on intercompany sales, not yet realized 
outside  of  the  Group,  was  eliminated.  The  Company  also  reviews  these  investments  for 
impairment whenever events indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. 

In accordance with ASC Topic 323-10-40-1, a change in the Company’s proportionate share of an 
investee’s equity, resulting from issuance of shares  by the  investee to  third parties, is  accounted 
for as if the Company had sold a proportionate share of its investment. Any gain or loss resulting 
from an investee’s share issuance is recognized in earnings. 

When the Company obtain control of an affiliated company that was previously accounted for by 
the  equity  method,  the  investment  is  then  remeasured  at  its  fair  value  as  of  the  date  of  which 
control was obtained and any remeasurement gain or loss is recognized in earnings. 

Management evaluates investments in affiliated companies, for evidence of other-than-temporary 
declines  in  value.  Such  evaluation  is  dependent  on  the  specific  facts  and  circumstances  and 
includes  analysis  of  relevant  financial  information  (e.g.  budgets,  business  plans,  financial 
statements, etc.). During 2021, 2020 and 2019, no impairment was identified with respect to such 
affiliated companies. 

Investments in companies in which the Company no longer has significant influence, are classified 
as "investments in other companies". See I. below. 

I.   Investment in other companies 

Equity investments without readily determinable fair values are measured at cost, less impairment, 
and plus or minus subsequent adjustments  for observable price  changes.  Periodic changes in the 
basis  of  these  equity  investments  are  reported  in  current  earnings.  In  addition,  at  each  reporting 
period  a  qualitative  assessment  is  performed  to  identify  impairment.  When  a  qualitative 
assessment indicates an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the investment 
and recognize in current earnings an impairment loss equal to the difference between the fair value 
and the carrying amount of the equity investment. 

In June 2020, an Israeli investee have completed public registration in Israel and its shares became 
equity investment with readily determinable fair value. As a result, the Company remeasured the 
investment to its fair value and recorded gain in the amount of approximately $1.9 million in the 
consolidated statement of income under Financing income, net. 

J.  Derivatives 

The  group  applies  the  provisions  of  ASC  Topic  815,  "Derivatives  and  Hedging".  In  accordance 
with  ASC  Topic  815,  all  the  derivative  financial  instruments  are  recognized  as  either  assets  or 
liabilities  on  the  balance  sheet  at  fair  value.  The  accounting  for  changes  in  the  fair  value  of  a 
derivative financial instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of 
a  hedging  relationship  and  further,  on  the  type  of  hedging  relationship.  For  derivative  financial 
instruments  that  are  designated  and  qualify  as  hedging  instruments  for  accounting  purposes,  a 
company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair 
value hedge, cash flow hedge or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. 

F - 16 

 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

J.  Derivatives (cont.) 

From  time  to  time  the  Company  carries  out  transactions  involving  foreign  exchange  derivative 
financial instruments mainly (forward exchange contracts) which are mostly designed to hedge the 
cash  flows  expected  to  be  paid  with  respect  to  forecasted  monthly  purchases  of  inventory, 
denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company. Such transactions 
were designated as hedging instruments on the date that the Company entered into such derivative 
contracts, and were determined to qualify as cash flow hedges under ASC Topic 815. 

The entire changes in fair value of the derivative instruments designated for hedging purposes that 
were determined as qualifying for hedging purposes (including the ineffective components of the 
hedging  relationship)  are  reported  as  other  comprehensive  income  (loss),  net  of  tax  under  the 
caption "unrealized gains (losses) in respect of derivative financial instruments designated for cash 
flow hedge" and are reclassified to the statements of income when the hedged transaction realizes. 

For  all  other  derivative  financial  instruments  that  are  not  designated  or  qualify  as  hedging 
instruments for accounting purposes, the changes in fair value are recognized periodically in profit 
or  loss,  as  incurred.  As  of  December  31,  2021  and  2020  and  during  the  years  then  ended,  the 
company did not have material financial derivatives. 

K.  Property and equipment 

1.   Property  and  equipment  are  stated  at  cost,  net  of  accumulated  depreciation.  Depreciation  is 
calculated  using the  straight-line  method  over  the  estimated  useful  lives  of  the  assets. 
Leasehold  improvements  are depreciated  on  the straight-line  method  over  the  shorter  of  the 
estimated useful life of the property or the duration of the lease. 

2.   Rates of depreciation: 

Operating equipment (mainly 20%-33%) ...........  
Office furniture, equipment and computers ........  
Buildings ............................................................  
Vehicles ..............................................................  
Leasehold improvements ....................................   Duration of the lease which is less or equal to 

% 
6.5-33 
7-33 
2.5 
15 

useful life. 

L.  Impairment of long-lived assets 

The  Group’s  long-lived  assets  (including  finite-lived  intangible  assets)  are  reviewed  for 
impairment, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an 
asset  may  not  be  recoverable.  Recoverability  of  assets  to  be  held  and  used  is  measured  by  a 
comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to 
be  generated  by  the  asset.  If  such  assets  are  considered  to  be  impaired,  the  impairment  to  be 
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair 
value (see also Note 1N). 

M.  Income taxes 

The  Group  accounts  for  income  taxes  in  accordance  with  ASC  Topic  740-10, "Income  Taxes". 
According to this guidance, deferred income taxes are determined utilizing the asset and liability 
method based on the estimated future tax effects of differences between the financial accounting 
and the tax bases of assets and liabilities under the applicable tax law. Deferred tax balances are 
computed using the tax rates expected to be in effect at the time when these differences reverse. 
Valuation  allowances  in  respect  of  the  deferred  tax  assets  are  provided  for  if,  based  upon  the 
weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred income 
tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax balances are presented as non-current amounts. 

F - 17 

 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

M.  Income taxes (cont.) 

US  GAAP  provides  that  the  tax  effects  from  an  uncertain tax  position  can  be  recognized  in  the 
financial  statements  only  if  the  position  is  "more-likely-than-not"  to  be  sustained  were  to  be 
challenged by a taxing authority. The assessment of a tax position is based solely on the technical 
merits of the position, without regard the likelihood that the tax position may be challenged. If an 
uncertain tax position meets the "more-likely-than-not" threshold, the largest amount of tax benefit 
that is greater than 50% likely to be recognized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority 
is recorded. 

The Company recognizes interest as interest expenses (among financing expenses) and penalties, 
if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in its provision for income tax. 

N.  Goodwill and intangible assets 

1.   Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the identifiable net 
assets acquired  in  business  combinations  accounted  for  in  accordance  with  the  "purchase 
method" and is allocated to reporting units at acquisition. Goodwill is not amortized but rather 
tested for impairment at least annually in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 350, 
"Intangibles - Goodwill and Other". 

The Company elected to perform the goodwill annual impairment test for its operating units 
as follows: 

A.   An  amount  of  approximately  $35.8 million  (as  of  December  31,  2021)  relates  to  two 
different reporting units (resulted from the RT acquisition). The Company has historically 
performed an annual goodwill assessment as of June 30 of each year (including June 30, 
2021) or more often if indicators of impairment are presented. During the fourth quarter 
of  2021,  following  the  second  closing  of  the  RT  acquisition  the  Company  decided  to 
change the date of its annual impairment assessment from June 30 to December 31. The 
change  was  made  because  the  Company  believe  that  the  second  closing  provided  an 
appropriate basis to the fair value of such reporting units. 

B.   An  amount  of  approximately  $4.2 million  (as  of  December  31,  2021)  relates  to  two 
different  reporting  units  (resulted  from  past  acquisitions)  is  tested  on  December  31  of 
each year, or more often if indicators of impairment are present. 

As  required  by  ASC  Topic  350,  the  Company  chooses  either  to  perform  a  qualitative 
assessment  whether  the  quantitative  goodwill  impairment  test  is  necessary  or  proceeds 
directly  to  the  quantitative  goodwill  impairment  test.  Such  determination  is  made  for  each 
reporting unit on a stand-alone basis. The qualitative assessment includes various factors such 
as  macroeconomic  conditions,  industry  and  market  considerations,  cost  factors,  overall 
financial  performance,  earnings  multiples,  gross  margin  and  cash  flows  from  operating 
activities  and  other  relevant  factors.  When  the  Company  chooses  to  perform  a  qualitative 
assessment  and  determines  that  it  is  more  likely  than  not  (more  than  50  percent  likelihood) 
that  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  is  less  than  its  carrying  value,  then  the  Company 
proceeds to the quantitative goodwill impairment test. If the Company determines otherwise, 
no further evaluation is necessary. 

F - 18 

 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

N.   Goodwill and intangible assets (cont.) 

1.   (cont.) 

With  respect  to  goodwill  impairment  tests  performed  before  the  adoption  of  ASU  2017-04 
(Which became effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years 
beginning after December 15, 2019), when the Company decided or was required to perform 
the  quantitative  goodwill  impairment  test,  the  Company  firstly  was  required  to  compare  the 
fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value ("step 1"). If the fair value of the reporting 
unit  exceeded  the  carrying  value  of  the  reporting  unit  net  assets  (including  the  goodwill 
allocated to such reporting unit), goodwill was considered not to be impaired, and no further 
testing  was  required.  If  the  carrying  value  was  determined  to  exceed  the  fair  value  of  the 
reporting unit, then the implied fair value of goodwill was determined by subtracting the fair 
value of all the identifiable net assets from the fair value of the reporting unit. An impairment 
loss was recorded for the excess, if any, of the carrying value of the goodwill allocated to the 
reporting unit over its implied fair value ("step 2"). 

Commencing  the  adoption  of  ASU  2017-04  (which  eliminated  Step  2  from  the  goodwill 
impairment  test),  when  the  Company  decides  or  is  required  to  perform  the  quantitative 
goodwill  impairment  test,  the  Company  compares  the  fair  value  of  the  reporting  unit  to  its 
carrying value and an impairment charge is recognized for the amount by which the carrying 
amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, if any. In the performance of the quantitative 
analysis  the  Company  applies  assumptions  that  market  participants  would  consider  in 
determining the fair value of each reporting unit. 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019,  the  Company  had  four  reporting  units  which 
include goodwill. 

Telematics services: 

Under the telematics services segment there are two reporting units with goodwill. For one of 
which  (resulted  from  past  acquisitions)  with  an  allocated  amount  of  approximately 
US$ 2.0 million  of  goodwill,  the  Company  performed  a  qualitative  assessment  as  of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, and concluded that the qualitative assessment did not result in a 
more  likely  than  not  indication  of  impairment,  and  therefore  no  further  impairment  testing 
was required, with respect to such unit. 

For  the  second  reporting  unit  (resulted  from  RT  acquisition)  with  an  allocated  amount  of 
approximately  US$ 32.2 million  of  goodwill  (as  of  December  31,  2021),  the  Company 
performed the annual impairment test, as of June 30, 2021 and reached to a conclusion that no 
impairment  should  be  recorded  at  that  point.  The  impairment  test  was  perform  using  the 
income approach (quantitative test). 

The Company has historically performed an annual goodwill assessment for such reporting unit 
as of June 30 of each year or more often if indicators of impairment are presented. Following the 
second  closing  of  the  RT  acquisition,  the  Company  decided  to  change  the  date  of  its  annual 
impairment assessment from June 30 to December 31. Accordingly, the Company performed a 
qualitative assessment as of December 31, 2021, and concluded that the qualitative assessment 
did  not  result  in  a  more  likely  than  not  indication  of  impairment,  and  therefore  no  further 
impairment testing was required, with respect to such unit. 

F - 19 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

N.  Goodwill and intangible assets (cont.) 

1.   (cont.) 

Telematics products: 

Under the telematics products segment there are two reporting units with goodwill, for one of 
which  (resulted  from  past  acquisitions)  with  an  allocated  amount  of  approximately 
US$ 2.2 million  of  goodwill,  the  Company  performed  a  qualitative  assessment  as  of 
December 31, 2021 and 2020, and concluded that the qualitative assessment did not result in a 
more  likely  than  not  indication  of  impairment,  and  therefore  no  further  impairment  testing 
was required, with respect to such unit. 

For  the  second  reporting  unit  (resulted  from  RT  acquisition)  with  an  allocated  amount  of 
approximately  US$ 3.6 million  of  goodwill  (as  of  December  31,  2021),  the  Company 
performed the annual impairment test, as of June 30, 2021 and reached to a conclusion that no 
impairment  should  be  recorded  at  that  point.  The  impairment  test  was  perform  using  the 
income approach (quantitative test). 

The  Company  has  historically  performed  an  annual  goodwill  assessment  for  such  reporting 
unit  as  of  June  30  of  each  year  or  more  often  if  indicators  of  impairment  are  presented. 
Following the second closing of the RT acquisition, the Company decided to change the date 
of  its  annual  impairment  assessment  from  June  30  to  December  31.  Accordingly,  the 
Company  performed  a  qualitative  assessment  as  of  December  31,  2021,  and  concluded  that 
the qualitative assessment  did  not result  in a more  likely  than not indication of impairment, 
and therefore no further impairment testing was required, with respect to such unit. 

2.   Intangible assets with  finite  live  are amortized  using the  straight-line  basis over  their useful 
lives,  to  reflect the  pattern  in  which  the  economic  benefits  of  the  intangible  assets  are 
consumed or otherwise used up. 

As of December 31, 2021, the intangible assets are amortized as follows: 

Customer relationship ............................................................................... 
Technology services .................................................................................. 
Other ......................................................................................................... 

Years 
3 
5 
5 

During  2021,  the  Company  did  not  record  any  impairment.  During  2020  and  2019,  the 
Company  recorded  an  intangible  assets  impairment  loss  in  the  amount  of  approximately 
US$3.7  million  and  US$13.9  million,  respectively.  The  impairment  was  recorded  in  the 
consolidated statement of income under "Impairment of intangible assets and other expenses". 
See Note 8. 

Recoverability of intangible assets is measured as described in Note 1L above. 

O.  Contingencies 

The Company and its subsidiaries are involved in certain legal proceedings that arise from time to 
time in the ordinary course of their business and in connection with certain agreements with third 
parties. Except for income tax contingencies, the Company records accruals for contingencies to 
the  extent  that  the  management  concludes  that  the  occurrence  is  probable  and  that  the  related 
liabilities are estimable. Legal expenses associated with contingencies are expensed as incurred. 

F - 20 

 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

P.   Funds in respect of, and liability for employee rights upon retirement 

The Company's liability for employee rights upon retirement with respect to its Israeli employees 
is  calculated,  pursuant  to  Israeli  severance  pay  law,  based  on  the  most  recent  salary  of  each 
employee  multiplied  by  the  number  of  years  of  employment,  as  of  the  balance  sheet  date. 
Employees are entitled  to one  month's salary  for  each year  of  employment,  or a portion thereof. 
The Company makes monthly deposits to insurance policies and severance pay funds. The liability 
of the Company is fully provided for. The Company also has defined contribution plans for which 
it makes contributions to severance pay funds and appropriate insurance policies 

The  deposited  funds  include  profits  or  losses  accumulated  up  to  the  balance  sheet  date.  The 
deposited  funds  may  be  withdrawn  upon  the  fulfillment  of  the  obligation  pursuant  to  Israeli 
severance  pay  laws  or  labor  agreements.  The  value  of  the  deposited  funds  is  based  on  the  cash 
surrender value of these policies, and includes profits or losses. Withdrawal of the reserve monies 
is contingent upon the fulfillment of detailed provision in the Law. 

The  liability  for  employee  rights  upon  retirement  in  respect  of  the  employees  of  the  non-Israeli 
subsidiaries of the Company, is calculated on the basis of the labor laws of the country in which 
the subsidiary is located and is covered by an appropriate accrual. 

Severance  payments  for  the  abovementioned  policies  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021, 
2020 and 2019, amounted to US$ 1,910 US$ 1,610 and US$ 1,557 thousand, respectively. 

Q.  Revenue recognition 

The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  generate  revenue  from  subscriber  fees  for  the  provision  of 
services and sales of systems and products, mainly in respect of fleet management services, stolen 
vehicle  recovery  services  and  other  value-added  services.  To  a  lesser  extent,  revenues  are  also 
derived  from  technical  support  services.  The  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  sell  the  systems 
primarily through their direct sales force and indirectly through resellers. 

Revenue recognition accounting  policy applied from  January  1, 2018 (following  the adoption of 
ASC Topic 606); 

The Company applies ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). 

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company determines revenue recognition through the following 
five steps: 

1. 

Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; 

2. 

Identification of the performance obligations in the contract; 

3.  Determination of the transaction price; 

4.  Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and 

5.  Recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation. 

A  contract  with  a  customer  exists  when  all  of  the  following  criteria  are  met:  the  parties  to  the 
contract  have  approved  it  (in  writing,  orally,  or  in  accordance  with  other  customary  business 
practices)  and  are  committed  to  perform  their  respective  obligations,  the  Company  can  identify 
each  party’s  rights  regarding  the  distinct  goods  or  services  to  be  transferred  (“performance 
obligations”),  the  Company  can  determine  the  transaction  price  for  the  goods  or  services  to  be 
transferred, the contract has commercial substance and it is probable that the Company will collect 
substantially  all  of  the  consideration  to  which  it  will  be  entitled  in  exchange  for  the  goods  or 
services that will be transferred to the customer. 

F - 21 

 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

Q.  Revenue recognition (cont.) 

For each type of contract, at inception, the Company assesses the goods or service promised in a 
contract with a customer and identifies the performance obligations. With respect to contracts that 
are determined to have multiple performance obligations, such as contracts that combine product 
with  services  (mostly  SVR  services)  and/or  rights  to  use  assets,  the  Company  allocates  the 
contract’s transaction price  to  each performance obligation using  its  best estimate  of  the relative 
standalone selling price of each distinct good or service in the contract. However, when applicable 
(see  below),  the  company  estimates  the  selling  prices  of  certain  services  using  the  residual 
approach. 

Revenues  are  recognized  when,  or  as,  control  of  services  or  products  is  transferred  to  the 
customers at a point in time or over time, as applicable to each performance obligation. 

Revenues  are  recorded  in  the  amount  of  consideration  to  which  the  Company  expects  to  be 
entitled  in  exchange  for  performance  obligations  upon  transfer  of  control  to  the  customer, 
excluding amounts collected on behalf of other third parties and sales taxes. 

The Company does not adjust the amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing 
component  since  the  Company  expects,  at  most  contracts  inception,  that  the period between  the 
time of transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and the time the customer pays 
for these goods or services to be generally one year or less, based on the practical expedient. The 
Company’s credit terms to customers are, on average, between thirty and ninety days. 

In accordance with ASC 606, the Company’s revenues are recognized as follows: 

1. Revenues from sales of Automatic Vehicle Location ("AVL") products are recognized when the 
control of the product passed to the customer (usually upon delivery). 

2.   Revenues  from  provision  of  SVR  services  are  recognized  over  time,  as  the  customers 
simultaneously receive  and  consume  the  benefits  provided  by  the  Company  performance  as 
the Company performs. 

3.   For arrangements that involve the delivery or performance of multiple products (mostly, AVL 
products), services (such as SVR services) and/or rights to use assets, the Company analyzes 
whether  the  goods  or  services  that  were  promised  to  the  customer  are  distinct.  A  good  or 
service  promised  to  a  customer  is  considered  ‘distinct’  if  both  of  the  following  criteria  are 
met: 1. The customer can benefit from the good or service, either on its own or together with 
other resources that are readily available to the customer; and, 2. The Company’s promise to 
transfer the good or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in 
the contract. When the above criteria are met, the revenue recognition for the related products 
and/or services are recognized as described in 1 and 2 above, as applicable. 

With respect to arrangement that are determined to have multiple performance obligations that 
are  distinct,  the  Company  allocates  the  contract’s  transaction  price  to  each  performance 
obligation  using  the  relative  standalone  selling  price  of  each  distinct  good  or  service  in  the 
contract. However, in certain circumstances,  the company estimates the  selling  prices of the 
SVR  services  (which  are  sold  together  with  AVL  products)  using  the  residual  approach. 
Under the residual approach, the standalone selling price of the SVR services is estimated by 
reference to the total transaction price less the sum of the observable standalone selling prices 
of  all  other  goods  or  services  promised  in  the  contract.  Such  approach  is  used  since  the 
Company sells the same type of service in those jurisdictions to different customers (at or near 
the  same  time)  for  a  broad  range  of  amounts  (thus,  the  stand-alone  selling  price  is  highly 
variable). 

F - 22 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

Q.  Revenue recognition (cont.) 

Revenues from SVR services subscription fees, right to use assets (AVL products installed in 
customers vehicles) and installation services, sold to customers within a single contractually 
binding  arrangement  were  accounted  for  revenue  recognition  purposes,  as  a  single 
performance  obligation,  since  the  installation  services  element  was  determined  not  to  be 
‘distinct’.  Accordingly,  the  entire  contract  fee  for  the  two  deliverables  was  recognized over 
time, on a straight-line basis over the subscription period. 

4.   Amounts  earned  by  certain  Brazilian  subsidiary  for  arranging  a  bundle  transaction  of  SVR 
services subscription and installation services together with insurance services to be supplied 
by  a  third party  insurance  company,  are  recognized ratably  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the 
subscription period (see 2 above), since the  amount allocated  to  the Company (for  the SVR 
services  subscription,  installation  services  and  for  arranging  the  transaction),  is  contingent 
upon the delivery of the SVR services. As the insurance company is acting as a principal with 
respect  to  the  insurance  component,  the  Company  recognized  only  the  net  amounts  as 
revenues, after deduction of amounts related to the insurance component. 

5.   Deferred  revenues  include  unearned  amounts  received  from  customers  (mostly  for  the 
provision  of installation,  future  subscription  services  and  extended  warranty)  but  not  yet 
recognized  as  revenues.  Such  deferred  revenues  are  recognized  as  described  in  paragraph  2 
above or paragraph 6 below, as applicable. 

For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021  and  2020  the  Company  recognized  revenue  of 
approximately US$ 24.4 million and US$ 29.1 million, respectively, that was included in the 
deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period. 

6.   Extended warranty 

In the majority of countries, in which the Company operates, the statutory warranty period is 
one  year,  and  the  extended  warranty  covers  periods  beyond  year  one.  Revenues  from 
extended warranty include warranty services which were sold separately for a monthly fee, or 
warranty  services  that  were  determined  to  represent  a  separate  performance  obligation  and 
were sold together with an AVL unit. Such revenues are recognized over the duration of the 
warranty periods. 

R.  Warranty costs 

The Company provides a standard warranty for its products to end-users at no extra charge. The 
Company  estimates  the  costs  that  may  be  incurred  under  its  warranty  obligation  and  records  a 
liability at the time the related revenues are recognized. 

Among the factors affecting the warranty liability are the number of installed units and historical 
percentages of warranty claims. The Company periodically assesses the adequacy of the recorded 
warranty liability and adjusts the amount to the extent necessary. To date, warranty costs and the 
related liabilities related to the standard warranty period have not been material. 

S.   Research and development costs 

1.  Research and development costs (other than computer software related expenses) are 

expensed as incurred. 

2.   Software Development Costs 

All  research  and  development  costs  incurred  in  the  process  of  software  development  before 
establishment  of  technological  feasibility  are  charged  to  expenses  as  incurred.  Costs  incurred 
subsequent  to  the  establishment  of  technological  feasibility  are  capitalized  according  to  the 
principles set forth in ASC Topic 985-20, “Costs of Software to be Sold, Leased or Marketed”. 

F - 23 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

S.   Research and development costs (cont.) 

Capitalized  software  costs  are  amortized  on  a  product  by  product  basis  by  the  straight-line 
method over the estimated useful life of the software product (3-5 years). 

The  Company  assesses  the  recoverability  of  these  intangible  assets  on  a  regular  basis  by 
assessing the net realizable value of such intangible assets based on the estimated future gross 
revenues from each product net of the estimated future costs of completing and disposing of 
that product (including the estimated costs of performing maintenance and customer support 
over  the  remaining  economical  useful  life),  cost  of  completion  of  products  and  cost  of 
delivery  to  customers  over  its  remaining  economical  useful  life.  During  each  of  the  years 
ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, no such unrecoverable amounts were identified. 

T.   Advertising costs 

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. 

Advertising  expenses  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019  amounted  to 
US$ 8.0 million,  US$ 8.1 million  and  US$ 9.5 million,  respectively.  Advertising  expenses  are 
presented among "selling and marketing expenses". 

U.   Earnings per share 

Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income attributable to the common shares, 
by  the  weighted  average  number  of  shares  outstanding  during  the  year,  net  of  the  weighted 
average number of treasury stock. 

In computing diluted earnings per share, basic earnings per share are adjusted to reflect the effect 
of any potential dilutive ordinary shares. During the reporting periods there were no such potential 
shares. 

V.  Fair value measurements 

The  Company  measures  fair value  and  discloses  fair  value measurements  for  financial  and  non-
financial  assets  and  liabilities.  Fair  value  is  based  on  the price  that  would  be  received  to  sell  an 
asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between  market  participants  at  the 
measurement date. 

As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is required to be determined based on the 
assumptions that market participants would use to determine the price of an asset or a liability. 

As  a  basis  for  considering  such  assumptions,  fair  value  accounting  standard  establishes  the 
following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in 
measuring fair value: 

Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement 
date  for  assets  or  liabilities.  The  fair  value  hierarchy  gives  the  highest  priority  to  Level  1 
inputs. 

Level  2  -  Observable  prices  that  are  based  on  inputs  not  quoted  on  active  markets,  but 
corroborated by market data. 

Level  3  -  Unobservable  inputs  are  used  when  little  or  no  market  data  is  available.  Level  3 
inputs are considered as the lowest priority under the fair value hierarchy. 

In determining fair value, companies are required to utilize valuation techniques that maximize the 
use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs to the extent possible as well 
as to consider counterparty credit risk in the assessment of fair value. 

F - 24 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

V.  Fair value measurements (cont.) 

Regarding  the  fair  value  measurements  of  financial  assets  and  liabilities  and  the  fair  value 
hierarchy of such measurements, see Note 21C. 

The  Company  also  measures  certain  non-financial  assets,  consisting  mainly  of  certain  reporting 
units  (as  part  of  goodwill  impairment  test)  and  intangible  assets  at  fair  value  on  a  nonrecurring 
basis. These assets are adjusted to fair value when they are considered to be impaired (see 1N and 
1L above). 

W.  Contract costs and prepaid expenses 

Direct  installation  expenses  by  certain  Brazilian  subsidiary  were  determined  not  to  represent  a 
separate  performance  obligation  for  revenue  recognition  purposes  in  accordance  with  the 
principles  of  ASC  606,  as  they  were  determined  not  to  be  considered  ‘distinct’  (see  Note  1Q 
above).  The  Company  has  determined  that  such  installation  expenses,  and  certain  other 
commission  and  other  direct  expenses  incurred  by  the  company's  subsidiaries,  relate  directly  to 
obtaining or fulfilling contract with a specific subscriber, they generate or enhance the Company 
resources and are expected to be recovered. 

In  accordance  with  ASC  340-40,  Other  Assets  and  Deferred  Costs:  Contracts  with  Customers, 
such  costs  are  capitalized  and  presented  as  "contract  costs"  within  the  balances  "Other  current 
assets" and "Other non-current assets", as applicable. 

The contract costs are amortized over the estimated life of the related subscription arrangements 
by  the  straight-line  method.  Costs  that  do  not  meet  the  aforementioned  criteria,  are  recognized 
immediately as expenses. 

Prepaid  expenses,  consist  mainly  of  amounts  paid  by  certain  Brazilian  subsidiary  to  insurance 
companies as a prepaid insurance on behalf of its customers as part of bundle transactions of SVR 
services  together  with  insurance  services  to  be  supplied  by  a  third-party  insurance  company. 
Under such transactions, the customers are required accordingly to pay to the Brazilian subsidiary 
a monthly fee for all the bundled services (see Note 1Q regarding the revenue recognition of such 
bundle  transactions).  The  insurance  companies  are  obligated  to  refund  any  unearned  insurance 
amounts to the Brazilian subsidiary in the event of termination of the transaction by the customers. 
The  prepaid  expenses  are  amortized  over  the  contractual  life  of  the  insurance  service  with  the 
insurance  company  (usually  12  months)  by  the  straight-line  method.  The  amortization  is  netted 
against the monthly receipts from customers for the bundled services. 

X.  Stock-based compensation 

The  Company  accounts  for  stock-based  compensation  to  employees  and  non-employees  in 
accordance with ASC 718, "Compensation - Stock Compensation", ("ASC 718"). The fair value of 
the award, is recognized in the Company's consolidated statement of income as an expense over 
the  requisite  service  periods.  During  the  reported  periods  there  were  no  significant  grants  of 
equity-based payment awards. 

The  Company  measures  and  recognizes  compensation  expense  for  cash  bonuses  to  senior 
employees, which are based, or partly based, on the price of the Company’s shares in accordance 
with ASC 718 -30, "Compensation-Stock Compensation - Awards Classified as Liabilities" (See 
Note 19C regarding "Excess Return Cash Incentives"). 

The awards are measured  at  the grant date at their  fair value  and remeasured at  the end of each 
reporting  period  through  settlement,  with  changes  in  the  fair  value  recognized  as  compensation 
cost  over  the  requisite  service  period.  Compensation  cost  for  awards  that  are  subject  to  market 
conditions  are  be  attributed  separately  for  each  vesting  tranche  of  the  award  (generally  calendar 
year). 

F - 25 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

Y.   Obligation to purchase non-controlling interests 

An obligation to acquire shares of a subsidiary held by Non-controlling interests at a stated future 
date,  represents  liability  under  ASC  Topic  480.  Upon  initial  recognition  such  liability  was 
measured  at  fair  value  in  accordance  with  ASC  Topic  480-10-30-3  at  the  amount  of  cash  that 
would  be  paid  under  the  conditions  specified  in  the  contract  if  the  shares  were  repurchased 
immediately  and  in  subsequent  periods  at  the  amount  of  cash  that  would  be  paid  under  the 
conditions specified in the contract if settlement occurred at the reporting date with any change in 
value from the previous reporting date recognized as interest cost. In addition, the Non-controlling 
interests subject to such obligation were not recognized and no earnings were allocated to them. 

On September 22, 2021, the Company settled the obligation to purchase the remaining 18.7% of 
the  shares  of  Ituran  Spain  Holdings  for  cash  in  the  amount  of  $11.3  million.  As  a  result,  the 
balance of the obligation to purchase non-controlling interests was derecognized. 

Z.   Leases 

The  Group  entered  into  several  non-cancelable  lease  agreements  for  real  estate  (mainly  offices, 
warehouses and base sites), network equipment and  vehicles for  use in  its operations,  which are 
classified as operating leases. 

Lease accounting policy applied from January 1, 2019 (following the adoption of ASC Topic 
842): 

On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC Topic 842, Leases (“ASC 842”) and all its related 
amendments using the modified retrospective transition approach. 

The Group determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. 

A classification of a lease is determined based on the following criteria: 

1.   The lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the lease 

term. 

2.   The  lease  grants  the  lessee  an  option  to  purchase  the  underlying  asset  that  the  lessee  is 

reasonably certain to exercise. 

3.   The  lease  term  is  for  the  major  part  of  the  remaining  economic  life  of  the  underlying  asset 

(Generally, 75% or more of the remaining economic life of the underlying assets). 

4.   The present value of the sum of the lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the 
lessee equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset (Generally, 
90% or more of the fair value of the underlying asset). 

5.   The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative 

use to the lessor at the end of the lease term. 

If any of these five criteria is met, the lease is classified as a finance lease. Otherwise, the lease is 
classified as an operating lease. 

F - 26 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 1  

- 

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (cont.) 

Z.   Leases (cont.) 

incremental  borrowing  rate  based  on 

With the exception of short-term leases, Operating leases are included at the commencement date 
as a lease liability, which represent the group ‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a 
lease, measured on a discounted  basis.  As  the  leases  do not  provide  an  implicit  interest rate, the 
Company  uses  its 
information  available  on  the 
commencement  date  in  determining  the  present  value  of  lease  payments.  Concurrently,  the 
Company recognizes a right-of-use asset ("ROU") at the same amount of the liability, adjusted for 
any  prepaid  or  accrued  lease  payments,  plus  initial  direct  costs  incurred  in  respect  of  the  lease 
which represents the group’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. 
In  subsequent  periods  the  ROU  asset  is  measured  at  the  present  value  of  the  remaining  lease 
payments,  adjusted  for  the  remaining  balance  of  any  lease  incentives  received,  any  cumulative 
prepaid  or  accrued  rent  if  the  lease  payments  are  uneven  throughout  the  lease  term  and  any 
unamortized initial direct costs. Further, the Company recognizes lease expenses on a straight-line 
basis over the lease term. 

Lease  liabilities  are  classified  as  current  and  non-current  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets. ROU assets are presented as non-current assets. 

See also Note 7. 

AA. Reclassification 

Certain  comparative  figures  have  been  reclassified  to  conform  to  the  current  year  presentation. 
Such reclassifications did not have any significant impact on the Company's equity, net income or 
cash flows. 

AB.  Recently issued accounting pronouncements 

Accounting  Standards  Update  No.  2019-12,  Income  Taxes  (Topic  740):  Simplifying  the 
Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”) 

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the 
Accounting for Income  Taxes,  which  simplifies  the  accounting  for  income  taxes  by  eliminating 
certain  exceptions  to  the  guidance  in  Topic  740  related  to  the  approach  for  intra-period  tax 
allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition 
of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the 
accounting  for  franchise  taxes  and  enacted  changes  in  tax  laws  or  rates  and  clarifies  the 
accounting  for  transactions  that  result  in  a  step-up  in  the  tax  basis  of  goodwill  and  allocating 
consolidated  income  taxes  to separate  financial  statements  of  entities  not  subject  to  income  tax. 
ASU 2019-12 is effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 
15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. 

The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 in January 1, 2021. However, the adoption of ASU 2019-12 
did not have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements. 

F - 27 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 2  

-  OTHER CURRENT ASSETS 

US dollars 
December 31, 

(in thousands) 
Prepaid expenses ................................................................................................
Government institutions ...............................................................................................
Deferred contract costs ................................................................................................
Advances to suppliers ................................................................................................
Employees ....................................................................................................................
Others 

2021 

20,858   
6,687   
7,521   
1,116   
309   
488   
36,979   

2020 

22,996 
6,247 
6,993 
1,286 
287 
815 
38,624 

NOTE 3  

- 

INVENTORIES 

(in thousands) 
Finished products ........................................................................................    
Raw materials .............................................................................................    

NOTE 4  

- 

INVESTMENTS IN AFFILIATED AND OTHER COMPANIES 

A.   Investment in affiliated companies 

(in thousands) 
Bringg .........................................................................................................  
Lumax .........................................................................................................  
Cellutrack ...................................................................................................  

B.   Investment in other companies 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

14,156     
12,972     
27,128     

17,106 
5,516 
22,622 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

500     
357     
28     
885     

700  
208  
-  
908  

During the years 2020-2021, the Company made additional investments in two Israeli startups and 
in one new Israeli startup. 

The  total  investments  in  such  companies  were  US$ 0.6 and  US$ 0.5 million  during  the  years 
ended December 31,2021 and 2020, respectively. 

In June 2020, an Israeli investee have completed public registration in Israel stock market and its 
shares became equity investment  with  readily determinable fair  value. As  a result, the  Company 
reclassified  the  abovementioned  investment  (in  the  amount  of  approximately  US$3.6 million) 
from investment in other companies (under long-term investments and other assets) to investment 
in marketable securities (under current assets) 

F - 28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 5  

-  OTHER NON-CURRENT ASSETS 

(in thousands) 

Deferred contract costs (*) .......................................................................  
Deposits ...................................................................................................  

(*)See Note 1W. 

NOTE 6  

-  PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 

A.   Property and equipment, net consists of the following: 

(in thousands) 
Cost: 
Operating equipment (*) .................................................................... 
Office furniture, equipment and computers ....................................... 
Land ................................................................................................... 
Buildings ............................................................................................ 
Vehicles ............................................................................................. 
Leasehold improvements ................................................................... 

Less – accumulated depreciation (**) ................................................ 
Total property and equipment, net ..................................................... 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

2,840      
306      
3,146      

2,674 
279 
2,953 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

43,751      
51,788      
1,728      
5,818      
9,976      
9,750      
122,811      
(87,159 )    
35,652      

47,647 
50,851 
1,819 
6,415 
9,498 
9,515 
125,745 
(88,092) 
37,653 

(*) 

(**) 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  and  2020,  an  amount  of  US$ 25.5 million  and 
US$ 29.4 million is subject to operating lease transactions, respectively. 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  and  2020,  an  amount  of  US$ 13.5 million  and 
US$ 17.0 million is subject to operating lease transactions, respectively. 

B.   During  the  years  ended  December  31,  2021,  2020  and  2019,  depreciation  expenses  were 
US$ 12.3 million, US$ 12.9 million and  US$ 15.0 million, respectively and additional  equipment 
was  purchased  in  an  amount  of  US$ 13.7 million,  US$ 7.2 million  and  US$ 11.3 million, 
respectively. 

NOTE 7  

-  LEASES 

The  Company  have  entered  into  several  non-cancelable  operating  lease  agreements  for  real  estate 
(mainly offices, warehouse and base stations), vehicles and certain network equipment. In addition to 
rent,  the  leases  may  require  payment  of  maintenance,  insurance  and  other  operating  expenses.  The 
Company's  leases  have  original  lease  periods  expiring between  2022  and  2030.  Payments  due  under 
such lease contracts include primarily fixed payments. The Company does not assume renewals in the 
determination  of  the  lease  term  unless  the  renewals  are  deemed  to  be  reasonably  assured  at  lease 
commencement  (or become as  such  in  future  date).  The  Company's  lease  agreements  do  not  contain 
any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. 

F - 29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 7  

-  LEASES (cont.) 

The components of lease costs, lease term and discount rate are as follows: 

(in thousands) 

Operating lease cost: 
Office and warehouse space .............................................................................    
Base stations .....................................................................................................    
Vehicle ..............................................................................................................    
Others ...............................................................................................................    

Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term (years): 
Office space ......................................................................................................    
Base stations .....................................................................................................    
Vehicle ..............................................................................................................    
Others ...............................................................................................................    

Weighted Average Discount Rate (%): 
Office space ......................................................................................................    
Base stations .....................................................................................................    
vehicle ..............................................................................................................    
Others ...............................................................................................................    

Supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases was as follows: 

(in Million) 

US dollars 
Year Ended 
December 
31, 2021 

1,781  
646  
285  
22  
2,734  

0.50  
4.11  
1.89  
1.25  

2.71  
3.71  
9.36  
7.49  

US dollars 
Year Ended 
December 
31, 2021 

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: 
Operating cash flows from operating leases .....................................................  

2.7  

F - 30 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 7  

-  LEASES (cont.) 

The following is a schedule, by  years, of maturities  of  operating lease  liabilities  as  of  December 31, 
2021: 

US dollars 
December 
31, 2021 

Period: 
2022 ..................................................................................................................    
2023 ..................................................................................................................    
2024 ..................................................................................................................    
2025 ..................................................................................................................    
2026 ..................................................................................................................    
Thereafter ..........................................................................................................    
Total operating lease payments .........................................................................    
Less: imputed interest .......................................................................................    
Present value of lease liabilities ........................................................................    

NOTE 8  

- 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET 

3,106 
773 
422 
346 
268 
224 
5,139 
(449) 
4,690 

December 
31, 
2020 
Closing 
balance 

December  31, 
2019 
Opening 
balance 

    Impairment (*) 

US dollars 

Year ended December  31, 
2020 

    Amortization (**)     Additions    

Translation 
differences     

9,107    
13,776    
3,988    
26,871    

(3,661)    
-     
-     
(3,661)    

(2,115)   
(2,871)   
(896)   
(5,882)   

-   
2,992   
-   
2,992   

-    
243    
(631)   
(388)   

3,331 
14,140 
2,461 
19,932 

(in thousands) 
Costumer 

relationship ...........   
Technology ...............   
Others ........................   

(in thousands) 
Costumer 

relationship ........... 
Technology ............... 
Others ........................ 

December  31, 
2020 
Opening 
balance 

3,331 
14,140 
2,461 
19,932 

US dollars 

Year ended December  31, 
2021 

Impairment     Amortization (**)    Additions    

Translation 
differences    

December 
31, 
2021 
Closing 
balance 

-    
-    
-    
-    

(1,486)   
(3,573)   
(769)   
(5,828)   

-    
2,891    
62    
2,953    

-     
148     
(452)    
(304)    

1,845 
13,606 
1,302 
16,753 

(*) 

Due to the decline in the results of Road Track in the first half of 2020 and the expectation of 
management  for  further  potential  decrease  in  Road  Track  anticipated  performance,  the 
Company performed on June 30, 2020, an impairment analysis of the intangible assets which 
relate directly to the operation of Road Track. Based on such analysis the Company recorded 
an impairment charge further described below: 

In  order  to  determine  the  fair  value  of  such  intangible  assets,  the  Company,  based  on  a 
valuation  performed  by  the  management,  with  the  assistance  of  a  third-party  appraiser, 
utilized the "Relief from Royalties" valuation method. Accordingly, certain assumptions and 
judgments  were made  in  order  to  determine  the future  income  from  which  royalties  will  be 
derived from and in order to determine the appropriate rate of royalties and rate of discount. 

F - 31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 8  

- 

INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET (cont.) 

As  a  result  of  the  above,  the  Company  recorded,  an  impairment  loss  in  an  amount  of  US$ 
3,661  thousand  in  2020,  with  respect  to  Costumer  relationship,  that  was  recorded  under 
"impairment of intangible assets and other expenses" in the consolidated statement of income. 
See also Note 1N. 

(**) 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  the  estimated  aggregate  amortization  of  intangible  assets  for  the 
next  five  years  is  as  follows:  2022-  US$ 6,226 thousand,  2023-  US$ 4,792 thousand,  2024- 
US$ 3,604 thousand, 2025- US$ 2,007 thousand and 2026 – US$ 124 thousand. 

NOTE 9  

-  GOODWILL 

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are 
as follows: 

(in thousands) 
Balance as of January 1, 2020 .................    
Changes during 2020: 
Impairment (**) ......................................    
Translation differences ............................    
Balance as of December 31, 2020 (*) .....    
Changes during 2021: 
Translation differences ............................    
Balance as of December 31, 2021 (*) .....    

US dollars 

Telematics 
services 

    Telematics products    

Total 

43,383    

(9,479)   
248    
34,152    

63    
34,215    

6,703    

50,086 

(1,029)   
36    
5,710    

74    
5,784    

(10,508) 
284 
39,862 

137 
39,999 

(*) 

The accumulated amount of goodwill impairment loss as of December 31, 2021, and 2020 was 
US$ 29.89 million. 

(**)  As  a  result  of  the  circumstances  described  in  note  9(*)  the  Company  recorded  on  June  30, 
2020, a goodwill impairment in the total amount of US$ 10.5 million in connection with two 
reporting  units  (both  units  related  to  Road  track  operations).  One  reporting  unit  within  the 
Telematics services and the other reporting unit within the Telematics product's segments. The 
impairment  was  based  on  valuation  performed  by  the  management  using  the  assistance  of  a 
third-party  appraiser  in  accordance  with  the  income  approach.  The  significant  assumptions 
used for the assessment were  3.5 years of projected net cash  flows,  a discount rate of 17.5% 
and a long-term growth rate of 0.5%. 

The  Company,  with  the  assistance  of  a  third-party  appraiser,  performed  the  annual  goodwill 
impairment test, as of June 30, 2021 and reached to a conclusion that no impairment should be 
recorded at that point. 

The Company has historically performed an annual goodwill assessment as of June 30 of each 
year or more often if indicators of impairment are presented. following the second closing of 
the  RT  acquisition,  the  Company  decided  to  change  the  date  of  its  annual  impairment 
assessment from June 30 to December 31. Accordingly, the Company performed a qualitative 
assessment  as  of  December  31,  2021,  and  concluded  that  the  qualitative  assessment  did  not 
result in a more likely than not indication of impairment, and therefore no further impairment 
testing was required, with respect to such unit. 

F - 32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
      
     
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 10  

-  CREDIT FROM BANKING INSTITUTIONS 

A.   Short term loans: 

(in thousands) 

Short-term loans - linked to the Mexican Pezo................................
Current maturities of long-term loan (Note 10B) ................................

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

699     
17,558     
18,257     

920 
19,468 
20,388 

B.   Long term loan: 

In  August  2018,  the  Company  signed  on  Loan  Agreement  (the  “Loan  agreement”)  with 
commercial  Israeli  bank  (the  “Bank”)  under  which  the  Company  has  received  an  amount  of 
approximately 296 million  NIS  (US$81.7 million)  (the  “Loan”)  from  the  bank  for  a  period  of 5-
years  that  bears  an  annual  interest  rate  of  prime  rate  (as  of  December  31,  2021,  the  prime  rate 
was 1.6%) + 0.53%. In December  2018  and  March  2021, the Company  repaid  to the  bank in an 
early  repayments  amounts  of  approximately 30 and 20 million  NIS  respectively  (US$8.0 and 
US$6.0 million, respectively). 

According  to  the  loan  agreement  the  Company  is  obligated  to  comply  with  the  following 
covenants (the “Loan Covenants”): 

•  Equity to total assets Ratio - The Ratio will not be less than 30%. 

•  Total equity - Total equity will not be less than $15 million. 

•  Net debt to EBITDA Ratio - The Ratio will not exceed 4. 

•  EBITDA - EBITDA will not be less than $10 million. 

The company is required to maintain such covenants on a quarterly basis 

Upon noncompliance with any of the above mentioned covenants, the bank shall have the right to 
demand immediate repayment of the remaining balance of the loan. 

During 2020, 2021 and as of December 31, 2021, and 2020, the Company was in compliance with 
the Loan Covenants. 

C.   Maturity dates: 

(in thousands) 

First year ........................................................................................................  
Second year ...................................................................................................  

US dollars 
December 31, 
2021 

18,257 
13,169 
31,426 

D.   Lines of credit: 

Unutilized  short-term  lines  of  credit  of  the  Group  as  of  December  31,  2021,  aggregated  to 
US$ 0.9 million. 

F - 33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 11  

-  OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 

D.   Lines of credit: (cont.) 

Composition: 

(in thousands) 

Accrued expenses .........................................................................    
Accrued payroll and related taxes ................................................    
Government institutions ...............................................................    
Accrued dividend .........................................................................    
Operating lease liabilities, current ................................................    
Others ...........................................................................................    

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

14,967     
8,395     
7,513     
4,403     
2,940     
2,549     
40,767     

16,000  
7,724  
6,379  
1,461  
2,856  
3,257  
37,677  

NOTE 12  

-  CONTINGENT LIABILITIES 

A.   Claims 

1.   During year 2016 Brazilian Federal Communication Agency – Anatel issued a tax assessment 
for FUST contribution (contribution on telecommunication services) levied on the monitoring 
services  rendered  by  us  and  additional  tax  assessment  for  FUNTELL  contribution 
(contribution  to  Fund  for  the  Technological  Development  of  Telecommunication)  levied  on 
the monitoring services rendered by us regarding all for the period 2007-2012.Total amounts 
of approximately R$21.7 million (US$ 3.9 million). as of December 2021,  including interest 
and penalties. The reason Anatel demand the payment of FUST and FUNTELL from us is the 
fact  that  in  order  to  provide  monitoring  services  we  need  to  operate  telecommunication 
equipment in a given radio frequency. We hold a telecommunication license from Anatel (for 
information  on  our  licenses  see  item  4B.  “Information  on  the  company”  –  “Business 
overview” under the caption “Regulatory Environment”). The authorities have construed that 
we render telecommunication services and taxes should be levied in relation to Net Revenues. 
Based  on  the  legal  opinion  of  the  subsidiary’s  Brazilian  legal  counsel  we  believe  that  such 
claim  is  without  merit,  the  interpretation  of  the  legislation  is  mistaken,  given  that  we  don’t 
render  telecommunication  services,  but  rather  services  of  monitoring  goods  and  persons  for 
security purposes and therefore the chances of our success are more likely than not. We have 
filed  our  defense  against  such  claims.  We  are  currently  awaiting  the  Lower  Court  or 
Administrative decisions on all the aforementioned FUST and FUNTELL claims. 

F - 34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
  
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 12 -      CONTINGENT LIABILITIES (cont.) 

A.   Claims (Cont.) 

2.   On  July  13,  2015  the  company  received  a  purported  class  action  lawsuit  which  was  filed 
against the Company in the District Court of Central Region in Tel-Aviv, by one plaintiff who 
is a subscriber of the Company, alleging that the Company, which was declared a monopoly 
under  the  Israeli  Antitrust  Law,  1988,  unlawfully  abused  its  power  as  a  monopoly  and 
discriminated  between  its  customers.  The  plaintiff  claims  that  the  alleged  discrimination 
resulted  from  the  Company  charging  higher  monthly  subscription  fees  from  customers who 
are  obliged  by  insurance  company  requirements  to  install  location  and  recovery  systems  in 
their vehicles than the monthly subscription fees that are charged from customers who are not 
required by insurance companies to install location and recovery systems in their vehicles. In 
addition, the plaintiff claims that  the  Company  offers to  customers who  are not  required by 
insurance  companies  to  install  location  and  recovery  systems  in  their  vehicles,  a  discounted 
warranty service to their location and recovery systems. The plaintiff claims in addition to the 
above,  that  such  actions  raise  additional  causes  of  action  against  the  Company  such  as 
negotiations  without  good  faith,  executing  contract  without  good  faith,  breach  of  contract, 
unjust  enrichment,  breach  of  consumer  protection  laws,  tort  laws,  and  breach  of  statutory 
duty.  The  lawsuit  is  yet  to  be  approved  as  a  class  action.  The  total  amount  claimed  if  the 
lawsuit  is  approved  as  a  class  action  was  estimated  by  the  plaintiff  to  be  approximately 
NIS 300 million  (approximately  US$ 96 million).  Our  defense  against  the  approval  of  the 
class action lawsuit was filed on January 3, 2016. The plaintiff has responded to our defense 
on February 29, 2016. Hearing for first stage, i.e. whether claim will be approved as a class 
action are over and parties are filing their summaries. A class action lawsuit based on similar 
claims, against the Company, which was filed on form 6-K on March 22, 2011, was dismissed 
by the court on the request of both parties, on March 5, 2012 for a small compensation to the 
plaintiff and his attorneys, in a total amount of NIS 30,000 (approximately US$ 9,300). Such 
dismissal  of  a  similar  class  action  lawsuit  may  have  a  positive  effect  on  the  Company's 
defense against the current lawsuit. Based on the opinion of the company's legal counsels, the 
chances that the lawsuit will not be approved as a class action lawsuit are higher than it will 
be  approved.  if  the  company will  not  be successful  in  defending  these  claims,  the  company 
could be subject to significant costs, adversely affecting our results of operations. 

3.   Claims  are  filed  against  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries  from  time  to  time  during  the 
ordinary course of business, usually with respect to civil, labor and commercial matters. The 
Company's management  believes, based on its  legal  counsels'  assessment,  that  the provision 
for contingencies recognized in the balance sheet is sufficient and that currently there are no 
claims  (other  than  those  described  in  this  Note  above)  that  are  material,  to  the  consolidated 
financial statements as a whole. 

B.  The Company was declared a monopoly under the Israeli Antitrust Law, 1988, in the market for 
the  provision  of systems  for  the  location  of  vehicles  in  Israel.  Under  Israeli  law,  a  monopoly  is 
prohibited  from  taking  certain  actions,  such  as  predatory  pricing  and  the  provision  of  loyalty 
discounts,  which  prohibitions  do  not  apply  to  other  companies.  The  Israeli  Antitrust  Authority 
may further declare that the Company has abused its position in the market. Any such declaration 
in any suit in which it is claimed that the Company engages in anticompetitive conduct may serve 
as prima  facie evidence  that  the  Company  is  either  a  monopoly  or  that  it  has  engaged  in 
anticompetitive  behavior.  Furthermore,  it  may  be  ordered  to  take  or  refrain  from  taking  certain 
actions, such as setting maximum prices, in order to protect against unfair competition. 

C.  Commitments 

As  of  December  31, 2021,  minimum  future rentals  under operating  leases  of  buildings,  vehicles 
and  base  station  sites  for  periods  were  as  follows:  2022  –  US$ 2.6 million,  2023  – 
US$ 1.3 million, 2024 US$ 0.4 million, and hereafter– US$ 0.8 million. 

The leasing fees  expensed  in each of the years  ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019,  were 
US$ 2.7 million, US$ 3.2 million and US$ 4.1 million, respectively. 

F - 35 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 13  

- 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 

A.   Share capital: 

1.   Composition: 

December 31, 2021 and 2020 
Ordinary shares of NIS 0.33⅓ each ...............................   

Registered 

60,000,000    

Issued and 
outstanding   
23,475,431  

2.   In September 2005, the Company registered its ordinary shares for trade in the United States. 

3.   The Ordinary shares of the Company confer upon their holders the right to receive notice to 
participate and vote in general meetings of the Company and the right to receive dividends, if 
and when, declared. 

4.   As of December 31, 2017, an amount of 2,507,314 ordinary shares representing 10.7% of the 

share capital of the Company were held by the Company as treasury shares. 

As  part  of  the  Acquisition  of  Ituran  Spain  Holdings,  the  Company  reissued,  in  September 
2018, 373,489 ordinary  shares  to  the  previous  shareholders  of  Road  Track  (as  part  of  the 
consideration  paid  to  the  sellers),  of  which 300,472 were  returned  to  the  Company  in  April 
2019 due to downward transaction price adjustment. 

5.   On May 21, 2019, the board of directors approved a share buyback program, which Ituran has 
commenced. Under which, the Company is able to repurchase Ituran shares in an amount up 
to $25 million by December 31, 2020. 

6.   During 2019, the Company's fully owned subsidiary had repurchased a total of 227,828 shares 
amounting to approximately $6.0 million. On July 21, 2021, the board of directors approved 
to continue the share buyback program that was approved on May 21, 2019 (total amount that 
was  approved  on  May  21,  2019,  was 25 million  and  the  actual  purchases  until  2021  was 
only 6 million). 

During 2021, the Company's fully owned subsidiary had repurchased a total of 228,725 shares 
amounting to approximately $6.0 million. 

During  2021,  the  Company  had  repurchased  a  total  of 50,995 shares  amounting  to 
approximately $1.3 million. 

As of December 31, 2021, an amount of 2,941,845 ordinary shares representing 12.5% of the 
share capital of the Company is held by the Group as treasury shares. 

7.   Treasury stock have no voting rights. 

B.   Retained earnings 

1.   In  determining  the  amount  of  retained  earnings  available  for  distribution  as  a  dividend,  the 
Israeli Companies  Law  stipulates  that  the  cost  of  the  Company’s  shares  acquired  by  the 
Company  and  its  subsidiaries  (presented  as  a  separate  item  in  the  statement  of  changes  in 
equity) must be deducted from the amount of retained earnings. 

2.   On February 27, 2017, the board of directors approved a change in the dividend policy. The 
new  policy calls  for  a  dividend  of  $5 million,  at  minimum  per  quarter.  This  new  policy 
became effective starting from the dividend for the first quarter 2017. 

F - 36 

 
  
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 13  

- 

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (cont.) 

B.   Retained earnings (Cont.) 

3.   Dividends  are  declared  and  paid  in  NIS.  Dividends  paid  to  stockholders  outside  Israel  are 
converted into dollars on the basis of the exchange rate prevailing at the date of declaration. 

4.   During May 2020 (As part of the steps the Company did in order to deal with Covid-19), the 
Company's board  of  directors  unanimously  approved  a  freeze  on  the  dividend  distribution 
policy until further notice. 

5.   On March 3, 2021, the board of directors unanimously approved the unfreeze of the dividend 
policy  and approved  the  distribution  of  a  cash  dividend  in  the  amount  of  $0.48 per  share, 
totaling approximately US$10 million. The Company paid the dividend on April 6, 2021. 

6.   On March 3, 2021, the board of directors also approved a dividend policy of $3 million, per 

quarter. 

7.   During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, the Company declared dividends 
totaling 
in 
US$ 19.0, 5.0 and 20.0 million,  respectively  (including  fourth  quarter  dividend  declared  and 
paid on the following month of January). 

amount of  US$ 0.9,  US$ 0.24 and  US$ 0.95, 

share, 

per 

the 

NOTE 14  

-  FINANCING INCOME (EXPENSES), NET 

(in thousands) 

Short-term interest expenses commissions and 

other ................................................................    

Gains (loss) in respect of marketable securities 

and other investments ......................................    
Interest expenses in respect of long-term loans ..    
Interest income in respect of deposits .................    
Income (expenses) related to taxes positions ......    
Exchange rate differences and others, net...........    
Income (expenses) in respect of changes in 

obligation to purchase 

non-controlling interests (*) ...............................    

(*) See Note 1Y 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2021 

2019 

(1,367)    

(2,387)    
(883)    
538     
190     
(662)    

(895)    

4,375     
(1,299)    
302     
(501)    
(1,350)    

(944) 

(241) 
(1,666) 
500 
203 
(491) 

(967)    
(5,538)    

848     
1,480     

3,215 
576 

F - 37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 15  

- 

INCOME TAX 

A.   Taxes on income included in the statements of income: 

(in thousands) 
Income taxes (tax benefit): 

Current taxes: 

In Israel .............................................    
Outside Israel ....................................    

Deferred taxes: 

In Israel .............................................    
Outside Israel ....................................    

Taxes in respect of prior years: 

In Israel .............................................    
Outside Israel ....................................    

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

4,916     
6,954     
11,870     

(300)    
(143)    
(443)    

339     
88     
427     
11,854     

5,841     
4,341     
10,182     

(553)    
(1,605)    
(2,158)    

(*) 2,751     
81     
2,832     
10,856     

6,155 
7,674 
13,829 

299 
(2,545) 
(2,246) 

439 
212 
651 
12,234 

the  years  2016-2018  amounting 

(*)   During November 2020, the Company has received from the Israeli tax authority ("ITA") tax 
assessments for 
to  approximately  NIS  13  million 
(approximately  US$ 4 million).  An  amount  of  approximately  NIS 6 million  (approximately 
US$ 2 million) due to the timing differences (out of this amount, approximately NIS 2 million 
were  claim  in  the  tax  assessment  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019)  related  to  the 
deduction  of  certain  expenses  for  tax  purposes,  which  was  agreed  to  be  deducted  in  the 
coming  years.  Accordingly, 
recorded  an  amount  of  NIS 9 million 
(approximately  US$ 3 million)  as  tax  expense  related  to  prior  periods  and  a  deferred  tax 
benefit in a similar amount. In addition, the Company was required to pay the ITA an amount 
of  NIS 2 million  (approximately  US$ 0.5 million)  as  interest  expense.  Such  amount  was 
recognized as part of financing income, net. 

the  Company 

B.   Measurement of results for tax purposes under the Income Tax (Inflationary Adjustments) 

Law, 1985 (the “Inflationary Adjustment Law”) 

Until  December  31,  2007,  the  Company  and  its  Israeli  subsidiaries  reported  income  for  tax 
purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Inflationary Adjustments Law, whereby taxable 
income  was  measured  in  NIS,  adjusted  for  changes  in  the  Israeli  Consumer  Price  Index  where 
results of operations for tax purposes were measured in terms of earnings in NIS after adjustments 
for changes in the Israeli Consumer Price Index ("CPI"). Commencing January 1, 2008, this law 
became void, and in its place, there are transition provisions, whereby the results of operations for 
tax purposes are measured on a nominal basis. 

C.   The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (the "Investment Law") 

1.   On  December  22,  2016,  the  Israeli  parliament  passed  the  Law  for  Economic  Efficiency 
(Legislative Amendments  for  Achieving  Budget  Objectives  in  the  Budget  Years  2017  and 
2018) – 2016 (hereinafter – the “Economic Efficiency Law”) and on December 29, 2016, the 
Law  was  publicized  in  the  Official  Gazette.  The  Economic  Efficiency  Law,  among  other 
things, reduced the tax rate applicable to a preferred enterprise located in Development Zone 
A from 9% to 7.5% (the tax rate applicable to a preferred enterprise located in areas other than 
Development  Zone  A.  remained  unchanged  at 16%).  The  Economic  Efficiency  Law  also 
outlined new benefit tracks for preferred technology enterprises. 

F - 38 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
   
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 15  

- 

INCOME TAX (cont.) 

C.   The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959 (the "Investment Law") 

(Cont.) 

2.   As  of  December  31,  2021,  one  Israeli  subsidiary  (located  in  areas  other  than  Development 
Zone  A)  is entitled  to  a  "Preferred  Company"  status  pursuant  to  the  investment  law  and 
subject to 16% corporate tax rate. 

D.   The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, under the 2016 amendment 

(the "Investment Law") 

1.   In  December  2016  new  legislation  amended  the  Investments  Law  (the  "2016  amendment"). 
Under  the  2016 amendment  a  new  status  of  "Technological  Preferred  Enterprise"  was 
introduced to the Investment Law. 

Technological Preferred Enterprise – an enterprise which, amongst other condition, is part of 
a consolidated group with consolidated revenues of less than NIS 10 billion. A Technological 
Preferred Enterprise which is located in areas other than Development Zone A will be subject 
to  a  tax  rate  of 12%  on  profits  derived  from  intellectual  property,  and  a  Technological 
Preferred Enterprise in Development Zone A will be subject to tax rate at a 7.5%. 

2.   As of December 31, 2021, two Israeli subsidiaries (located in areas other than Development 
Zone  A).  are entitled  to  a  "Technological  Preferred  Enterprise"  status  pursuant  to  the 
investment (under the 2016 amendment) law and subject  to  12%  corporate tax  rate. Income 
not eligible for Technological Preferred Enterprise is taxed at the regular corporate tax rate or 
at the preferred tax rate as mention in Note C2 above, as the case may be. 

E.   Israeli corporate tax rates 

Taxable  income  of  the  Company  and  its  Israeli  subsidiaries  (that  are  not  entitled  to  special  tax 
rates as described above) is subject to a corporate tax rate of 23% in 2019, 2020 and 2021. 

F.   Non-Israeli subsidiaries 

Non-Israeli subsidiaries are taxed according to the tax laws and rates in their country of residence. 

G.   Use of assumptions and judgments 

The  application  of  income  tax  law  is  inherently  complex.  Laws  and  regulations  in  this  area  are 
voluminous and can be ambiguous; the Company is, therefore, obliged to make many subjective 
assumptions and judgments regarding the application of such laws and regulations to its facts and 
circumstances.  In  addition,  interpretations  of  and  guidance  surrounding  income  tax  laws  and 
regulations  are  subject  to  changes  over  time.  Any  changes  in  the  Company's  subjective 
assumptions and judgments could materially affect amounts recognized in its consolidated balance 
sheets and statements of income. 

H.   Tax assessments 

The Company and certain Israeli subsidiary have received final tax assessments through the 2018, 
One of the subsidiaries in Brazil has received final tax assessments through the 2015 tax year. The 
other subsidiaries have not yet been assessed since incorporation. 

I.   Carry forward foreign tax credits and tax losses 

As  of  December  31,  2021,  there  is  no  losses  carried  forward  that  are  likely  to  use  in  the  near 
future. 

F - 39 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 15  

- 

INCOME TAX (cont.) 

J.   The  following  is  reconciliation  between  the  theoretical  tax  on  pretax  income,  at  the  applicable 

Israeli tax rate, and the tax expense reported in the financial statements: 

(in thousands) 
Pretax income .........................................  
Statutory tax rate .....................................  
Tax computed at the ordinary tax rate.....  
Nondeductible expenses (income) ..........  
Losses and timing differences in respect of 

which no deferred taxes assets were 
recognized ...........................................  
Tax adjustment in respect of different tax 
rates   ....................................................  

Taxes in respect of withholding at the 

source from royalties and dividends   ..  
Adjustment in respect of tax rate deriving 
from “approved enterprises”   ..............  
Tax related to previous years ..................  
Others ......................................................  

K.   Summary of deferred taxes 

Composition: 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

48,968     
23 %   
11,263     
(282 )    

446     

1,202     

-     

(1,874 )    
427     
672     
11,854     

29,039     
23 %   
6,679     
2,220     

423     

753     

-     

(1,583 )    
2,832     
(468 )    
10,856     

23,204  

23 % 

5,337  
3,117  

297  

3,045  

725  

(128 ) 
651  
(810 ) 
12,234  

(in thousands) 
Deferred taxes 
Provision for vacation, recreation and bad debt ...................   
Provision for other employee related obligations .................   
Provision for deferred revenues/expenses and other 

obligations .........................................................................   
Other temporary differences, net ..........................................   

(in thousands) 

Deferred income taxes included in long-term investments 

and other assets .................................................................   
Deferred income taxes included in long-term liabilities .......   

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

1,697     
1,362     

3,963     
2,117     
9,139     

1,894 
1,400 

4,292 
1,280 
8,866 

US dollars 
December 31, 

2021 

2020 

11,091  
(1,952 ) 
9,139  

11,360 
(2,494) 
8,866 

F - 40 

 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 15  

- 

INCOME TAX (cont.) 

L.   Income before income taxes is composed as follows: 

(in thousands) 
The Company and its Israeli subsidiaries .....   
Non-Israeli subsidiaries ................................   

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

39,594     
9,374     
48,968     

38,469     
(9,430)    
29,039     

27,045 
(3,841) 
23,204 

NOTE 16  

-  EARNINGS PER SHARE 

During  the  periods,  there  were  no  potential  instruments  that  could  be  exercised  or  converted  to 
ordinary shares. The net income and the weighted average number of shares used in computing basic 
and diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, are as follows: 

(in thousands) 
Net income attributable to stockholder's used for 
the computation of basic and diluted earnings 
per share ..........................................................   

(in thousands) 
Weighted average number of shares used in the 
computation of basic and diluted earnings per 
share ................................................................   

NOTE 17  

-  RELATED PARTIES 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2021 

2019 

34,256     

16,123     

6,889  

Number of shares 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2021 

2019 

20,769     

20,813     

21,037  

A.   The Tzivtit Insurance Ltd.  (“Tzivtit  Insurance”), owned by  a director of the  Company, serves as 
the  Company’s insurance  agent  and  provides  the  Company  with  elementary  insurance  and 
managers insurance. 

In  respect  of  these  insurance  services,  Tzivtit  Insurance  is  entitled  to  receive  commissions  at 
various rates, paid by the insurance company (which is not considered a related party). 

With respect to basic insurance policies, and directors and offices insurance policies, the Company 
paid to the insurance company in 2021, US$ 455 thousand and US$ 963 thousand, respectively (In 
2020 US$ 430 thousand and US$ 877 thousand, respectively.) 

Tzivtit  Insurance  is  entitled  to  commissions  in  an  aggregate  amount  of  NIS 368 thousand 
(US$ 114 thousand) to be paid to Tzivtit Insurance by the insurance company on account of these 
policies, (US$ 130 thousand and US$ 130 thousand in 2020 and 2019, respectively). 

B.  In  accordance  with  an  agreement  with  a  related  party  (as  amended),  Prof.  Yehuda  Kahane,  for 
financial consulting,  the  Company  is  required  to  pay  the  consultant  monthly  consulting  fees  of 
NIS 15,000 (US$ 4,800)  a  month,  linked  to  the  Israeli  Consumer  Price  Index.  The  aggregate 
amount  paid  to  Professor  Kahane  in  each  of  the  years  2021,  2020  and  2019  was  approximately 
US$ 69,000, US$ 64,000 and US$ 62,000, respectively. 

F - 41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 17  

-  RELATED PARTIES (cont.) 

C.   In  February  2014,  following  the  approval  of  the  Company's  general  meeting  of  shareholders  on 
January  28, 2014,  the  Company  entered  into  new  service  agreements,  setting  forth  the  terms  of 
service  of  its  President,  Co-Chief  Executive  Officers  and  its  International  Activity  and Business 
Development Officer, in compliance with the Company's compensation policy for office holders; 
and  E-Com  entered  into  a  service  agreement  setting  forth  the  terms  of  service  of  its  Chief 
Executive Officer in compliance with the Company's compensation policy for officer holders. The 
principal terms of these agreements are as follows: 

Messrs. Izzy Sheratzky, Eyal Sheratzky, Nir Sheratzky and Gil Sheratzky (the "Executive Offices 
Holders"  or  "the  Executives"),  shall  provide  services  as  independent  contractors,  which  shall  be 
entitled  to  a  monthly  payment  of  NIS 225,000, 175,000, 175,000 and 125,000 respectively  plus 
VAT  (US$72,000,  US$56,000,  US$56,000 and  US$40,000 respectively)  linked  to  the  consumer 
price index for December 2013. At the request of the service providers, part of the fixed monthly 
pay may be granted through benefits, such as the provision of a company car and the payment of 
its  maintenance  costs  and  the  cost  of  tax  resulting  therefrom.  The  fixed  monthly  pay  shall  also 
include 25 days'  vacation  and  sick  days  as  provided  by  law.  The  service  providers  shall  also  be 
entitled  to  payment  or  reimbursement  of  expenses,  including  hosting  expenses,  subsistence 
allowance  abroad  and  participation  in  work-related  home  telephone  expenses.  The  service 
providers shall be entitled to Target-based Cash Incentives and Excess Return Cash Incentives as 
detailed below. The agreement shall be in force for a period of 3 years (On December 12, 2019 the 
Company's  general  meeting  of  shareholders  has  reapproved  the  compensation  policy  for 
additional 3 years) and may be terminated upon 180 days' advance notice of termination; however, 
the Company may terminate the agreement without an advance notice and without compensation 
if the following shall occur: (a) The service provider is convicted of a criminal offense involving 
moral  turpitude;  (b)  a  final  court  ruling  (without  the  possibility  of  appeal)  determines  that  The 
service  provider  has  breached  his  fiduciary  duty  towards  the  Company;  (c)  a  final  court  ruling 
(without the possibility of appeal) determines that the service provider has materially breached the 
agreement  through  the  unauthorized  disclosure  of  Company's  secrets  or  competition  with  the 
Company. 

Each  of  the  above  agreements  also  provides  that  the  executives  may  request  to  provide  their 
services to the Company as employees, and not through a service provider, and in such event, the 
they  shall  execute  an  employment  agreement  with  the  Company,  in  lieu  of  the  above  service 
agreements, which shall also set forth the provisions of social security and other benefits that the 
Company usually grants its senior executive officers (which may not deviate from the provisions 
of  the  Compensation  policy  in  this  respect).  In  any  event,  it  was  agreed  that  the  nature  of  the 
agreement pursuant to which the services are provided shall not affect the company's provision of 
the services as set forth in the service agreements. 

The  terms  of  the  Cash  incentives  applicable  to  the  "Executive  Offices  Holders",  as  set  forth  in 
their agreements referred to above (the "Agreements"), are as follows: 

• 

"Target-based  Cash  Incentives"  means  a  cash  incentive  awarded  to  the  Executive  Office 
Holders  for  the  Company's  achievement  of  the  following  Profit-Before-Tax  targets  in  each 
calendar  year  following  the  effective  date  of  the  above  agreements,  in  which  the  Minimum 
Threshold (as defined below) has been achieved: 

F - 42 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 17  

-  RELATED PARTIES (cont.) 

C.   (cont.) 

Company's Profit-Before-Tax Targets 
(In US$ thousands) (*) 
24,001 - 27,500..............................................  20% 
27,501-31,000................................................  45% 
31,001-35,000................................................  75% 
35,001-39,000................................................  110% 
Above 39,001 ................................................  150% 

Level of Incentive - As a Percentage of the 
Executive Office Holder's Annual Cost of Pay 

"Minimum  Threshold"  means,  with  respect  to  a  particular  calendar  year,  a  minimum 
Company's  Return  on  Equity  of 15%,  and  a  minimum  company's  Profit  before  Tax  of 
USD 24 million. 

(*) Profit before tax target will not include adjustment of the value of assets and obligations to 
their fair value in accordance with accounting standards. 

• 

"Excess Return Cash  Incentives" means  that  at  the end of each calendar year,  the Company 
shall examine the Company's Stock Yield since January 1 of such year or, with respect to the 
first year of such grant – since the date of its approval (an "Examined Period"), as compared 
to  the  benchmark  Yield  over  such  Examined  Period;  and  to  the  extent  that  the  Company's 
Stock  Yield  exceeds  the  benchmark  Yield  for  such  period,  each  of  the  Executive  Office 
Holders  shall  receive  an  amount  equal  to 50%  of  his  monthly  Cost  of  Pay  for  each 1%  of 
excess return (in percentage points' terms), or a relative amount in the event of a partial excess 
return. For the avoidance of doubt, in the event that the Company's Stock Yield during such 
period is negative, no grant shall be awarded. 

The  Excess  Return  Cash  Incentive  for  each  year  shall  not  exceed  an  amount  equal  to  the 
Executive Officer Holder's annual Cost of Pay. 

In  the  event  that  an  Agreement  is  terminated  during  a  calendar  year,  the  Company's 
compensation  committee  and  board  of  directors  shall  determine  the  relative  amounts  out  of 
the Target-based Cash Incentives and/or Excess Return Cash Incentives to which the relevant 
Executive  Office  Holder  is  entitled  for  the  portion  of  the year  during  which  the  Agreement 
was  in  force;  and  these  amounts  shall  be  paid  within 30 days  after  the  termination  of 
service/employment, as the case may be. 

On the date of determination of each Executive Office Holder's entitlement for a Target-based 
Cash  Incentive  for  a particular  year,  the  Company's  compensation  committee  shall  examine 
whether  the  total  amount  of  grants  to  which  Executive  Officers  are  entitled  with  respect  to 
such calendar year and  which constitute variable  components  of their terms of services  (the 
"Total  Amount  of  Grants  to  Executive  Officers"),  exceed  an  amount  equal  to 10%  of  the 
Company's EBITDA for such year (the "EBITDA's Threshold"), as calculated in accordance 
with  data  extracted  from  the  Company's  audited  consolidated  annual  financial  statements, 
after  taking  into  account  the  Executive  Officers'  fixed  compensation  but  excluding  their 
variable  compensation.  In  such  event,  the  amount  by  which  the  Total  Amount  of  Grants  to 
Executive  Officers  exceeds  the  EBITDA's  Threshold  shall  be  referred  to  as  the  "Excess 
Amount". 

In  the  event  that  the  Total  Amount  of  Grants  to  Executive  Officers  exceeds  the  EBITDA's 
Threshold,  then  the  Target-based  Cash  Incentive  and  the  Excess  Return  Cash  Incentive  to 
which an Executive Office Holder is entitled (together, the "Grants") shall be reduced by an 
amount equal to the Executive Office Holder's  Rate of  Grants  (as defined  below) out  of the 
Excess Amount. The term "Executive Office Holder's Rate of Grants" means, with respect to 
a  particular  Executive  Office  Holder,  the  percentage  which  such  Executive  Office  Holder's 
Grants constitute out of the Total Amount of Grants to Executive Officers. 

F - 43 

 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 17  

-  RELATED PARTIES (cont.) 

C.   (cont.) 

The  Company's  board  of  directors  shall  have  the  right,  under  special  circumstances  at  its 
discretion, to reduce the amount of Grants to which the Executive Office Holders are entitled, 
upon a 60 days prior notice. 

The Executive Office Holder shall be required to return any compensation paid to them on the 
basis  of  results  included  in  financial  statements  that  turned  out  to  be  erroneous  and  were 
subsequently restated in  the  Company's financial statements  published during the  three year 
period following publication of  the  erroneous  financial  statements; to  the extent they would 
not have been entitled to the compensation actually received had it been determined based on 
the  restated  financial  statements.  In  such  case,  compensation  amounts  will  be  returned 
within 60 days from the date of publication  of  the restated  financial statements,  net of  taxes 
that  were  withheld  thereon.  If  the  Executive  Office  Holder  has  a  right  to  reclaim  such  tax 
payments with respect to Grants which were paid in excess, from the relevant tax authorities, 
then the Executive Office  Holder shall reasonably  act  to reclaim  such amounts from the tax 
authorities and upon their receipt, shall remit them to the Company. 

In 2021 and 2020 Executive Offices Holders were entitled to Target based cash incentives at 
the maximum rate of (150%). 

Due  to  the  Covid-19  effects  and  based  on  their  own  initiative,  the  Company's  executive 
Offices Holders agreed to temporarily decrease their base salary by 25% from April 2020, for 
an  indefinite  period  until  they  will  perceive  that  the  effect  of  Covid  -19  on  Company’s 
business will be less significant. In April 2021, the temporarily decrease in their base salary 
reduction was canceled. 

The  Company's  executive  Offices  Holders  also  agreed  to  temporarily  delay  the  payment  of 
their  Target-based  Cash  Incentives  for  2020,  during  the  first  quarter  of  2021  the  Company 
paid the executive Offices Holders the incentives for 2020 (additional amount of $3 million). 
Herein below is attached table regards the aggregate amounts paid to Executive Offices 
Holders: 

(in thousands) 
Izzy Sheratzky ..........   
Eyal Sheratzky .........   
Nir Sheratzky ...........   
Gil Sheratzky ...........   

NOTE 18  

- 

SEGMENT REPORTING 

A.   General information: 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2021     

  3,412  
  2,692  
  2,692  
  1,934  

2020     
  1,096  
864  
864  
518  

2019     
  2,136 
  1,707 
  1,707 
  1,051 

The operations of the Group are  conducted through two  different core  activities:  Location  based 
services ("Telematics services")  and Wireless communications products  ("Telematics  products"). 
These activities also represent the reportable segments of the Group. 

The reportable segments are viewed and evaluated separately by the Company's Chief Operating 
Decision  Maker  (the  Company's  Co-Chief  Executive  Officers),  since  the  marketing  strategies, 
processes and expected long term financial performances of the segments are different. 

F - 44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 18  

- 

SEGMENT REPORTING (cont.) 

A.   General information: (cont.) 

Telematics services: 

The  telematics  services  segment  consists  predominantly  of  regionally-  based  stolen  vehicle 
recovery (SVR) services, fleet management services and value-added services that include among 
others,  connected  car,  UBI  (usage  base  insurance),  personal  advanced  locater  services  and 
concierge services. 

The  Group  provides  Location  based  services  in  Israel,  Brazil,  Argentina,  Colombia,  Mexico, 
Ecuador and the United States. 

Telematics products: 

The telematics product segment consists mainly of short and medium range two-way machine-to-
machine  wireless  communications  products  that  are  used  for  various  applications,  including 
automatic vehicle location, and automatic vehicle identification. 

B.   Information about reported segment profit or loss and assets: 

(in thousands) 

  Telematics services     Telematics products      Total 

US dollars 

Year ended December 31, 2021     
Revenues ......................................   
Operating income .........................   
Assets ...........................................   
Goodwill ......................................   
Expenditures for assets .................   
Depreciation and amortization .....   
Year ended December 31, 2020     
Revenues ......................................   
Operating income (loss) ...............   
Assets ...........................................   
Goodwill ......................................   
Expenditures for assets .................   
Depreciation and amortization .....   
Impairment of goodwill ................   
Impairment of intangible assets ....   
Year ended December 31, 2019       
Revenues ......................................   
Operating income (loss) ...............   
Assets ...........................................   
Goodwill ......................................   
Expenditures for assets .................   
Depreciation and amortization .....   
Impairment of goodwill ................   
Impairment of intangible assets ....   

189,649     
48,072     
79,535     
34,216     
9,057     
11,411     

182,944     
28,666     
89,939     
34,152     
6,116     
12,471     
9,479     
1,869     

204,728     
26,092     
118,361     
43,383     
11,050     
14,671     
11,088     
10,914     

81,235     
6,543     
38,312     
5,783     
1,053     
2,142     

62,683     
(835)    
22,425     
5,710     
1,142     
2,008     
1,029     
1,792     

74,604     
(3,438)    
28,114     
6,703     
1,890     
2,483     
1,204     
2,948     

270,884 
54,615 
117,847 
39,999 
10,110 
13,553 

245,627 
27,831 
112,364 
39,862 
7,258 
14,479 
10,508 
3,661 

279,332 
22,654 
146,475 
50,086 
12,940 
17,154 
12,292 
13,862 

F - 45 

  
  
 
 
  
   
     
     
 
     
     
 
     
     
 
       
      
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 18  

- 

SEGMENT REPORTING (cont.) 

C.   Information about reported segment profit or loss and assets: 

The  evaluation  of  performance  is  based  on  the  operating  income  of  each  of  the  two  reportable 
segments. 

Accounting  policies  of  the  segments  are  the  same  as  those  described  in  the  accounting  policies 
applied in the consolidated financial statements. 

Due to the nature of the reportable segments, there have been no inter-segment sales or transfers 
during the reported periods. 

Financing expenses, net, non-operating other expenses, net, taxes on income and the share of the 
Company  in  losses  of  affiliated  companies  were  not  allocated  to  the  reportable  segments,  since 
these items are carried and evaluated on the enterprise level. 

D.   Reconciliations of reportable segment revenues, profit or loss, and assets, to the enterprise’s 

consolidated totals: 

(in thousands) 

US dollars 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 
2021     

    2019   

Total revenues of reportable segment and consolidated 

revenues ................................................................................     270,884     245,627     279,332 

Operating income 

Total operating income for reportable segments ....................     54,615     27,831     22,654 
Unallocated amounts: 
576 
Financing income, net ............................................................    
Other expense, net 
(26) 
Consolidated income before taxes on income ........................     48,968     29,039     23,204 

(5,538)   
(109)   

1,480    
(272)   

Assets 

Total assets for reportable segments (*) .................................     157,846     152,226     196,561 
Other unallocated amounts: 
Current assets .........................................................................     93,244     117,295     88,777 
4,926 
Investments in affiliated and other companies .......................    
Property and equipment, net...................................................     15,783     17,180     20,877 
Other unallocated amounts 
    23,397     23,600     28,094 
Consolidated total assets (at year end) ...................................     293,021     312,472     339,235 

2,171    

2,751    

Other significant items 

7,258     12,940 
Total expenditures for assets of reportable segments .............     10,110    
Unallocated amounts ..............................................................    
5,359 
2,976    
6,516    
Consolidated total expenditures for assets .............................     16,626     10,234     18,299 

Total depreciation, amortization and impairment for reportable 

segments   ...............................................................................     13,553     28,648     43,308 
Unallocated amounts ..............................................................    
5,689 
Consolidated total depreciation, amortization and 

4,352    

4,543    

impairment..........................................................................     18,096     33,000     48,997 

(*) Including goodwill. 

F - 46 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
      
     
 
     
      
     
 
   
  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
      
     
 
     
      
     
 
  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
     
      
     
 
  
 
   
 
     
 
     
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 18  

- 

SEGMENT REPORTING (cont.) 

E.   Geographic information 

(in thousands) 

Revenues 
Year ended December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

Israel ..................................................    
Brazil ..................................................    
Others .................................................    
Total ...............................................    

140,569     
57,764     
72,551     
270,884     

120,515     
61,470     
63,642     
245,627     

110,102 
98,020 
71,210 
279,332 

(in thousands) 

Property and equipment, net 
December 31, 
2020 

2019 

2021 

Israel ..................................................   
Brazil ..................................................   
Others .................................................   
Total ...............................................   

14,524     
13,617     
7,511     
35,652     

13,784      
14,462      
9,407      
37,653      

14,967  
21,218  
9,715  
45,900  

-   Revenues were attributed to countries based on customer location. 

-   Property and equipment were classified based on major geographic areas in which the 

Company operates. 

F.   Major customers 

During  2019,  the  Company  had  one  costumer  (global  world  vehicles  manufacturer)  which 
represent 15.8% of the Company's total sales. 

During 2020, and 2021 there were no sales exceeding 10% of total revenues to none of the 
Company customers. 

G.  Major product lines and timing of revenue recognition 

In  the  following  table,  revenue  is  disaggregated  by  primary  major  product  lines,  and  timing  of 
revenue recognition for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2021: 

US dollars 
Reportable segments result of operations 

(in thousands)  

At a point of 

time .................   

Over a period 

of time .............   

Year ended December 31, 2020 

Telematics 
services 

Telematics 
products 

    Year ended December 31, 2021 

Telematics 
services 

Telematics 
products      Total    

    Total     

-    

60,953     60,953    

-    

78,947     78,947 

182,944    
182,944    

1,730    184,674    
62,683    245,627    

189,649    
189,649    

2,288    191,937 
81,235    270,884 

F - 47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
   
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
   
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 18  

- 

SEGMENT REPORTING (cont.) 

G.  Major product lines and timing of revenue recognition (cont.) 

In  the  following  table,  revenue  is  disaggregated  by  primary  major  product  lines,  and  timing  of 
revenue recognition for the year ended December 31, 2019: 

(in thousands) 

At a point of time ............................ 
Over a period of time....................... 

US dollars 
Reportable segments result of operations 
Year ended December 31, 2019 
  Telematics services    Telematics products   
72,626  
-   
1,978  
204,728   
74,604  
204,728   

Total 

72,626 
206,706 
279,332 

NOTE 19  

-  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISKS MANAGEMENT 

A.   Concentrations of credit risks 

Financial instruments that  potentially  subject the Company and its  subsidiaries to concentrations 
of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivables and marketable 
securities. 

Most  of  the  Group’s  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  deposits  in  short-term  investments  (and 
investments in trading marketable securities), as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, were deposited 
with  major  banks  with  high  credit  rating.  The  Company  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  credit  risk  in 
respect of these balances is immaterial. 

Most of the Group’s sales are made in Israel, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Ecuador, Colombia and 
the  United  States  to  a  large  number  of  customers,  including  insurance  companies  and  Car 
manufacturers.  Management  periodically  evaluates  the  collectability  of  the  trade  receivables  to 
determine  the  amounts  that  are  doubtful  of  collection  and  determine  a  proper  allowance  for 
doubtful  accounts.  Accordingly,  management  believes  that  the  Group’s  trade  receivables  do  not 
represent a substantial concentration of credit risk. 

From time to time the Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts intended to protect 
against  the  increase  in  the  purchase  price  of  forecasted  inventory  purchases  dominated  in 
currencies other than the functional currency of the purchasing entity. 

However, during the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020 such activity was limited. 

B.   Foreign exchange risk management 

The  Group  operates  internationally,  which  gives  rise  to  exposure  to  market  risks  mainly  from 
changes in exchange rates of foreign currencies in relation to the functional currency of each of the 
entities of the Group. 

During 2017 the Company entered into foreign currency forward transactions in order to protect 
itself against the risk that the eventual cash flows resulting from anticipated transactions (mainly 
purchases  of  inventory),  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  the  functional  currency  of  the 
purchasing  entity,  will  be  affected  by  changes  in  exchange  rates.  Such  transactions  were  settled 
during the years 2017, 2018 and 2019. 

During the years 2021 and 2020 the company did not have hedging activity, and as of December 
31, 2021, and 2020 there were no material forward exchange contracts outstanding. 

F - 48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (cont.) 

NOTE 19  

-  FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND RISKS MANAGEMENT (cont.) 

C.   Fair value of financial instruments 

The Company measures fair value and discloses fair value measurements for financial assets and 
liabilities.  Fair  value  is  an  exit  price,  representing  the  amount  that  would  be  received  to  sell  an 
asset  or  the  amount  that  would  be  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction  between 
market participants. 

The Company measured cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and derivative financial 
instruments  at  fair  value.  Such  financial  instruments  are  measured  at  fair  value,  on  a  recurring 
basis.  The  measurement  of  cash  and  cash  equivalents  and  marketable  derivatives  are  classified 
within  Level  1.  The  fair  value  of  derivatives  generally  reflects  the  estimated  amounts  that  the 
Company  would  receive  or  pay  to  terminate  the  contracts  at  the  reporting  dates,  based  on  the 
prevailing  currency  prices  and  the  relevant  interest  rates.  Such  measurement  is  classified  within 
Level  2.  However,  as  of  December  31,  2021  and  2020,  the  company  did  not  have  material 
financial derivatives. 

The fair value of the financial instruments included in the working capital of the Group (cash and 
cash  equivalents,  accounts  receivable,  accounts  payable  and  other  current  assets  and  liabilities) 
approximates their carrying value, due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. 

The fair value of the long-term liability (loans from bank institutions) approximates its fair value, 
as the loan carries variable interest rate. 

See Note 1N regarding non-recurring measurement of the fair value of certain non-financial assets 
(mainly reporting units with goodwill and other definite-lite intangible assets). 

The fair value of the Company's obligation to purchase non-controlling interests was based on the 
amount of cash that would be paid to settle the liability if settlement occurred at the balance sheet 
date. On September 22, 2021, the Company settled the obligation to purchase the remaining 18.7% 
of  the  shares  of  Ituran  Spain  Holdings  for  cash  in  the  amount  of  $11.3 million.  As  a  result,  the 
balance of the obligation to purchase non-controlling interests was derecognized. See Note 1Y. 
The  Company's  financial  assets  measured  at  fair  value  on  a  recurring  basis,  consisted  of  the 
following types of instruments as of December 31, 2021 and 2020: 

(in thousands) 

Level 1 

December 31, 2021 
Level 2 

Level 3 

Trading securities ..........................................   
Total ..............................................................   

4,405     
4,405     

-      
-      

(in thousands) 

Level 1 

December 31, 2020 
Level 2 

Level 3 

Trading securities ..........................................   
Total ..............................................................   

6,663     
6,663     

-      
-      

- 
- 

- 
- 

F - 49 

 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
  
 
 
     
     
 
 
 
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly 

caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf. 

SIGNATURES 

ITURAN LOCATION AND CONTROL LTD. 
(Registrant) 

By: /s/ Eyal Sheratzky 
Eyal Sheratzky 

/s/ Nir Sheratzky 
Nir Sheratzky 

Co-Chief Executive Officers 

Dated: April 26, 2022 

84 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 [This Page Intentionally Left Blank]

  
List of Significant Subsidiaries 

Exhibit 8 

Country of 
Incorporation    

Proportion of 
Ownership 
Interest 

Name of Subsidiary 

Ituran USA Holdings Inc ........................................................................................
Ituran USA Inc .......................................................................................................
Ituran de Argentina S.A..........................................................................................
Ituran Sistemas de Monitoramento Ltda ................................................................
Ituran Instalacoes Ltda ...........................................................................................
Teleran Holding Ltda .............................................................................................
Ituran servicos Ltda ................................................................................................
E.R.M. Electronic Systems Limited .......................................................................
Mapa Mapping & Publishing Ltd ...........................................................................
Ituran Spain Holding S.L........................................................................................
Ituran Road Track Monitaramento de Veiculos LTDA  .........................................
Ituran Road Track Argentina, S.A ..........................................................................
Global Telematics Solutions HK, Limited .............................................................
Road Track De Colombia S.A.S ............................................................................
Road Track Ecuador, S.A.  .....................................................................................
Road Track Mexico S.A. De C.V ...........................................................................
Road Track HK Telematics Limited ......................................................................
E.D.T.E – Drive Technology Ltd ...........................................................................
Ituran Tech Ltd  ......................................................................................................

USA 
USA 
Argentina 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Brazil 
Israel 
Israel 
Spain 
Brazil 
Argentina 
Hong Kong 
Colombia 
Ecuador 
Mexico 
Hong Kong 
Israel 
Israel 

1 The proportion of voting power is 51%. 

100% 
85.80% 
100% 
98.75% 
98.75% 
99.99% 
98.75% 
49.5%1 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
99.99% 

 
 
  
  
     
     
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
Exhibit 12.1 

CERTIFICATION OF THE CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 

I, Eyal Sheratzky, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Ituran Location and Control Ltd.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report; 

4. The company's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is 
being prepared; 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles; 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred 

during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
company's internal control over financial reporting, and 

5. The company's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of company's board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the company's internal controls over financial reporting. 

Date: April 26, 2022 

/s/ Eyal Sheratzky 

Eyal Sheratzky 
Co-Chief Executive Officer 

 
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF THE CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 

I, Nir Sheratzky, certify that:  

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Ituran Location and Control Ltd.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report; 

4. The company's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is 
being prepared; 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles; 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred 

during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
company's internal control over financial reporting, and 

5. The company's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of company's board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the company's internal controls over financial reporting. 

Date: April 26, 2022 

/s/ Nir Sheratzky 

Nir Sheratzky 
Co-Chief Executive Office 

 
Exhibit 12.2 

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-14(a) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT 

I, Eli Kamer, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Ituran Location and Control Ltd.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material 
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not 
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present 
in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the company as of, and for, the 
periods presented in this report; 

4. The company's other certifying officers and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as 
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company and have: 

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be 
designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the company, including its consolidated 
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is 
being prepared; 

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial 

reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial 
reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted 
accounting principles; 

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the company's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report 
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by 
this report based on such evaluation; and 

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred 

during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the 
company's internal control over financial reporting, and 

5. The company's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control 
over financial reporting, to the company's auditors and the audit committee of company's board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over 

financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the company's ability to record, process, summarize 
and report financial information; and 

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role 

in the company's internal controls over financial reporting. 

Date: April 26, 2022 

/s/ Eli Kamer 

Eli Kamer 
Chief Financial Officer 

 
 
Exhibit 13 

CERTIFICATION OF THE COMPANY'S CO-CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS 
AS REQUIRED BY RULE 13a-14(b) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT AND 
SECTION 1350 OF CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Ituran Location and Control Ltd. (the "Company") for the period 
ended December 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), each 
of the undersigned Co-Chief Executive Officers of the Company, certify that: 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended; and 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of 
operations of the Company. 

Dated: April 26, 2022 

/s/ Eyal Sheratzky 
________________ 
Eyal Sheratzky 
Co-Chief Executive Officer 

/s/ Nir Sheratzky 
________________ 
Nir Sheratzky 
Co-Chief Executive Officer 

 
 
 
CERTIFICATION OF THE COMPANY'S CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER 
AS REQUIRED BY RULE 13a-14(b) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT AND 
SECTION 1350 OF CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 20-F of Ituran Location and Control Ltd. (the "Company") for the period 
ended December 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the 
undersigned Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify that: 

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as 
amended; and 

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of 
operations of the Company. 

Dated: April ,26 2022 

/s/ Eli Kamer 
__________________ 
Eli Kamer 
Chief Financial Officer