Quarterlytics / Basic Materials / Paper, Lumber & Forest Products / James Cropper PLC

James Cropper PLC

crpr · LSE Basic Materials
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Ticker crpr
Exchange LSE
Sector Basic Materials
Industry Paper, Lumber & Forest Products
Employees 501-1000
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FY2020 Annual Report · James Cropper PLC
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ANNUAL REPORT  AND  ACCOU NTS 2 020

WE CREATE SOME OF THE WORLD’S MOST 

DISTINCTIVE AND TECHNICALLY ADVANCED 

PAPER PRODUCTS, USING MATERIALS FROM 

COTTON AND WOOD TO CARBON FIBRE . 

WE SUPPORT INDUSTRIES FROM PACK AGING 

TO DIGITAL IMAGING AND AEROSPACE WITH 

PRODUCTS THAT ARE AT THE CUTTING   

EDGE OF PERFORMANCE . 

  # 

Location 

Manufacturing 

R&D 

Sales Office 

Partners 

1 

Burneside, UK (Head Office) 

  2 

Crewe, UK 

  3 

Oslo, Norway 

  4 

Helsinki, Finland 

  5 

Ljungby, Sweden 

  6 

Copenhagen, Denmark 

  7 

Brussels, Belgium 

  8  Munich, Germany 

  9 

Paris, France 

  10 

Strasbourg, France 

• 

• 

• 

•

•

•

•

•

• 

• 

• 

•

13

14

4

3

5

6

7

8

9 10

11

1

2

12

15

16

17

18

20

19

  # 

Location 

Manufacturing 

R&D 

Sales Office 

Partners 

  11  Milan, Italy 

  12 

Barcelona, Spain 

  13 

Schnectady, USA 

• 

• 

  14 

Philadelphia, USA 

  15  Dubai, UAE  

  16 

Shanghai, China 

  17  Guangzhou, China 

  18 

Hong Kong, China 

  19 

Sydney, Australia 

  20 

Johannesburg, South Africa 

• 

• 

•

• 

•

•

•

• 

•

• 

• 

1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CONTENTS

STRATEGIC REPORT 

03

04

05

06

08

11

13

18

21

26

29

32

35

38

40

43

45

47

49

Financial Highlights 

Financial Summary 

Chairman’s Letter 

Chief Executive’s Review 

Covid-19 Report 

Chief Financial Officer's Review 

The Pension Report 

Risk Management 

Stakeholders Relationship Statement 

Technical Fibre Products 

ColourformTM 

James Cropper Paper 

Values and Purpose 

Sustainability 

Streamlined Energy & Carbon Report 

Pride Excellence Awards 

People 

GOVERNANCE 

Board of Directors 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Report of the Audit Committee 

Report of the Remuneration Committee 

QCA Principles 

Directors’ Report 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

65

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Statement of Financial Position 

Statement of Cash Flows 

Statement of Changes In Equity 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

Shareholder Information 

2

4

1. Pasaban Operator, Daniel Ford

2. Paper reels in the high bay warehouse

3

3.  Maison Ruinart packaging in production with ColourformTM

4.  ColourformTM Operatives, Mike Gardner and Matt Lowther

Strategic Report - Financial Highlights

Strategic Report - Financial Summary

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS

FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Geographical % segmentation of region

Summary of results

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

UK

Europe

Americas

Asia

Other

All figures in £’000 

Revenue  

Adjusted operating profit (excluding IAS 19 impact) 

Adjusted profit before tax (excluding IAS 19 impact) 

Impact of IAS 19 

Profit before tax  

2020  

2019  

104,667   

101,095   

7,240   

6,674   

(1,215 ) 

5,459   

4,262   

3,962   

(1,386 ) 

2,576   

Earnings per share - diluted 

50.6 p 

24.3 p 

2018  

96,312   

6,133   

5,825   

(1,284 ) 

4,541   

43.0 p 

2017  

92,363   

6,849   

6,566   

(1,025 ) 

5,541   

49.0 p 

2016

87,920 

6,264 

5,173 

(1,305 )

3,868

31.8 p

2016

57,470

(17,019 )

40,451

(6,453 )

33,998

(7,305 )

26,693 

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

Profit before tax

£5.5m

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Gearing (i)
26%

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

112%

5.5

5.5

24%

26

2.6

4.5

3.9

12

21

20

22

Summary of Financial Position 

All figures in £’000 

Non-pension assets – excluding cash 

Non-pension liabilities – excluding borrowings 

Net IAS 19 pension deficit (after deferred tax) 

Net borrowings 

Equity shareholders’ funds 

Gearing % - before IAS 19 deficit 

Gearing % - after IAS 19 deficit 

Capital expenditure £’000 

2020  

72,084   

(19,032 ) 

53,052   

(7,600 ) 

45,452   

(11,055 ) 

34,397   

2019  

2018  

2017  

64,871   

(16,236 ) 

48,635   

(18,798 ) 

29,837   

(8,561 ) 

21,276   

59,899   

(15,585 ) 

44,314   

(16,162 ) 

28,152   

(4,806 ) 

23,346   

64,304   

(19,433 ) 

44,871   

(18,421 ) 

26,450   

(7,364 ) 

19,086   

26 % 

32 % 

21 % 

40 % 

12 % 

21 % 

20 % 

39 % 

22 %

27 %

9,195   

5,229   

1,935   

5,315   

4,086

(i) 

 The IAS 19 pension adjustments are explained in detail in the Financial Review section, pages 18 to 20. The total amount excluded from 
the IAS pension Charge is £1,215,000 (2019: £1,386,000). The adjustment, which we refer to in these accounts as the “IAS 19 impact” 
represents the difference between the pension charge as calculated under IAS 19 and the cash contributions for the current service cost 
only as determined by the latest triennial valuation. The Directors consider that the adjusted pension charge better reflects the actual 
pension costs for ongoing service compared to the IAS 19 charge. This adjustment is made internally when we assess performance and is 
also used in the EBITDA and EPS targets used in management incentive schemes. 

(excluding IAS 19 Pension adjustments)

(ii)  The IAS 19 pension adjustment £1,215,000 (2019: £1,386,000) comprises:

Capital expenditure 
£9.2m

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

1.9

5.2

5.3

4.1

76%

9.2

All figures in £’000 

Current service charge 

Normal contributions 

Interest charge 

IAS 19 pension adjustment 

Period ended 28 March 2020  

Period ended 30 March 2019

1,188   

(517 ) 

544   

1,215   

1,423

(569 )

532

1,386

Further details can be found on page 19 (The IAS 19 impact on profits).

Total revenue

£104.7m

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Adjusted profit before tax (iii)

£6.7m

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

4.0

4%

104.7

101.1

96.3

92.4

87.9

68%

6.7

5.8

6.6

5.2

(excluding IAS 19 Pension adjustments)

Diluted EPS
50.6p

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

108%

50.6

43.0

49.0

24.3

31.8

Net borrowings (ii) 
£11.1m

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

Non GAAP Measures:

29%

11.1

4.8

8.6

7.4

7.3

(i)  Gearing is calculated as the proportion of net debt to Total Shareholders’ Equity, excluding the IAS19 Pension deficit.
(ii) 

 Net borrowings, are calculated as total loans and borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. 
Included in net borrowings from 2020 are lease liabilities for right of use assets under IFRS 16. 
The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019 and recognised £4.2m of lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  
The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which comparative information is not restated 
and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at the date of initial application. 

(iii)  Adjusted profit before tax equates to profit before tax excluding the IAS 19 impact.

04

05

 
 
Strategic Report - Chairman’s Letter

Strategic Report - Chairman’s Letter

CHAIRMAN’S LETTER

Dear Shareholders,

Against the dramatic background ushered 
in by Covid-19 towards the end of our 
financial year, I am especially pleased  
to report a record year for the Group.  
Group revenue once again set a new 
record at £105m while profit before tax 
more than doubled to £5.5m. These were 
excellent results that allow us to enter a 
period of great uncertainty with a degree 
of fitness, especially compared to the 
challenging results of the prior two years. 

The result was buoyed up by a £5.4m 
rebound in our Paper division operating 
profits, moving from a £2m loss to a £3.4m 
gain. Whilst operating profits were down 
13% for TFP, the business experienced 
good growth in fuel cell and green  
energy markets which will continue. 
ColourformTM saw 800% revenue growth 
in the year and cut losses by 45% to £1.4m. 
Our closing cash position was significantly 
up on last year, moving from £2.3m to 
£8.9m, underpinned by a record adjusted 
EBITDA result of £11.2m.

The strong financial performance was also 
mirrored elsewhere. Our capital investment 
programme (which was already significant 
as I noted in last year’s report) changed  
up a gear again, moving from £5.2m to 
£9.2m, a level not seen in 30 years. 
More was to come in TFP and Paper,  
but the advent of Covid-19 mean these 

have now been paused to conserve cash. 
Behind the investment figures, innovation 
spending was maintained at £4m; research 
and development personnel continue to 
comprise about 15% of all employees.   
Investing in research, innovation, and 
development is a key part of the Group’s 
growth strategy and is an effective way to 
accelerate our manufacturing capabilities.  

Paper’s return to profitability was aided  
by lower pulp and energy costs, the former 
finally dropping after two years of 
extensive (and painful) rises. Paper also  
saw an underlying improvement in margin; 
itself helped by strong growth of 23% in its 
most important market, luxury packaging. 
We continue to seek top and bottom-line 
improvements in Paper in every way 
possible. Importantly, via our Big Listen 
(see p.47) and ensuing programmes (p.35), 
we are seeking and gaining more ideas than 
ever about how to improve performance. 
To date over 350 people have given input, 
the majority of the Paper team.

ColourformTM has yet to post a profit,  
but this year’s 800% revenue growth and 
reduced loss have been important steps in 
the right direction. The growth has been 
significantly helped by brands secured via  
a partnership with a packaging company. 
This has included a two year programme to 
develop a revolutionary ‘second skin’  
bottle wrap for champagne house Ruinart,  
which replaces traditional boxes (see p.33). 

It is nine times lighter with a significantly 
lower environmental impact and Ruinart 
have made it front and centre of its current 
marketing campaigns, with direct credits to 
James Cropper included. 

Our TFP business registered strong growth 
in sales into the fuel cell and wind energy 
markets. This growth in sales was enough  
to offset a reduction in our sales into  
the aerospace sector. Despite the well 
documented issues currently impacting  
the aerospace sector, we remain optimistic 
that there will be a slow but steady  
recovery over the next two or three years. 
Our success in growing sales into renewable 
and clean energy sectors is very well aligned 
with our ambitions to deliver green growth. 

Another important development this year 
was the appointment of Lyndsey Scott to 
the Group Board as a non-executive 
director. Lyndsey is currently Chief HR 
Officer at International Personal Finance 
PLC and brings significant multi-national 
business experience to the Group gained 
across many different sectors.

The appointment followed the retirement 
of David Wilks who joined the board in 
2004. David also brought a wealth of 
experience in organisational development 
to the Company and I would like to 
personally thank him for everything he  
did to help us strengthen the Board and 
Company in recent years.

175th Anniversary

Dividend

This year we intended to celebrate history. Our 175th anniversary is 5 July 2020 and  
a long weekend of festivities was planned to mark this major milestone. Instead, since  
the new world presaged by Covid-19 took hold in early March, we have of course delayed  
the celebrations until we can hold them safely, hopefully in 2021 or 2022.

“LOOKING OUT FURTHER, I HAVE NO DOUBT 
 WE WILL EMERGE STRONGER AND   
MORE RESILIENT THAN EVER. ”

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic  
and anticipated economic fallout,  
the Group Board took the decision  
that no final dividend would be paid.  
This is part of an all-encompassing  
cash preservation programme which is  
detailed later in this report. The last time 
the company cancelled a dividend payment 
was in the loss-making year of 1976  
when no interim sum and only a very 
modest final payment was made. 

Outlook

How do we look forward in times such  
as these? At one level it is tempting to  
try to learn from other key moments in  
our 175 year history: devastating fires in 
1886 and 1903, world wars, stock-market 
crashes, the rise and fall of the British 
Empire, economic swings from free trade 
to protectionism and back, and so on.  
But in truth each one is different,  
requiring different responses. 

This time, a global economic crash of 
unprecedented speed and depth comes at a 
time when mankind is only just waking up 
to the devastating impact our actions are 
having on the planet. At the same time 
there is growing unease about business  
and its unequal relationship with society, 
whether real or perceived. And what of 
Brexit, once front page news and only 
months away, but still with unclear 
outcomes? None of these issues will be 
overturned in the short term. And yet, 
throughout our history, we have 
demonstrated we can respond and  
adapt with speed and agility.

In the days following lockdown two simple 
questions were foremost in my mind:  
do we truly realise how serious this is,  
and will we survive? These are answered: 
yes and yes. But this is only owing to the 
extraordinary exertions and inputs from 
every level of the James Cropper team:  

IT setting up dozens of people to work 
from home within hours; cleaners adopting 
new regimes; the canteen team rapidly 
instigating a cashless takeaway; our 
maintenance staff adapting the site at  
record pace to the new landscape of hand 
sanitisers, wash-stations, 2m white lines, 
doors that can be opened and closed with 
no hands. The list goes on and on: everyone 
observing social distancing; finance and 
management redrafting plans and models 
again and again, delivering unprecedented 
cash savings; regular and direct 
communication to all from Phil Wild  
based around the three strands of 
protecting both people and customers  
and managing costs; the creation of  
virtual coffee breaks, and an online 
platform to share news with everyone 
especially those offsite on furlough.  
Unlike many businesses, we have never 
shut although, aided by the government 
furlough scheme, we have cycled 
production to match demand.  

Looking beyond the here and now,  
I believe there are now two additional 
questions to ask: can we grow our  
way out of the current economic 
environment and can we do so in  
a way that respects our environment, 
people and communities like never before?  
I would again answer yes and yes.  

It is encouraging that the fastest  
growing areas of our business are in the 
environmental field, whether a recyclable 
alternative to plastic (ColourformTM)  
or renewable energy materials (TFP).  
Paper meanwhile is maintaining a 
commitment to transition to 50% waste 
fibre by 2025. We are also embarking on a 
programme to dramatically cut our carbon 
emissions significantly ahead of national 
decarbonisation targets. Around our sites, 
we are also playing a part in reimagining 
and supporting our communities better,  
a process we began in Burneside in 2015 
and expanded to Kendal in 2019.

How we do all of the above remains to be 
finalised, but I have no doubt we will rise 
to the challenge just as we have in recent 
months. For the year ending March 2021, 
we expect a break-even profit at least, 
excluding any impact of pension charges 
under IAS 19. Looking out further,  
I have no doubt we will emerge  
stronger and more resilient than ever. 

For now, I wish to thank the James Cropper 
team like never before. You have shown 
your true colours and I am proud to be 
associated with each and every one of you.

Mark Cropper, Chairman 
22 June 2020

06

07

Strategic Report - Chief Executive’s Review

Strategic Report - Chief Executive’s Review

YEAR IN REVIEW

Revenue 
(2019: £101.1m)

£104.7m 

+4% 

Adjusted operating profit (APM 1)* 
(excluding IAS 19 impact) (2019: £4.3m)

£7.2m 

+70% 

Adjusted profit before tax (APM 2)* 
(excluding IAS 19 impact) (2019: £4.0m)

£6.7m 

+68% 

Profit before tax 
(2019: £2.6m)

Net borrowings 
(2019: £8.6m)

Dilluted earnings per share 
(2019: 24.3p)

£5.5m 

+112% 

£11.1m 

+29% 

50.6p 

+108% 

Global Diversity 

To reduce the dependence from a specific 
geography, the company has executed on 
a strategy to grow exports.  

This has been a result of investment in  
key regions and targeted growth plans. 
Sales exports have grown from 47%  
to 60% of sales in the last five years.  
As a result of targeted portfolio growth, 
export sales now deliver close to 75%  
of the company profits.

Sales Exports

2020

2019

2018

2017

2016

60%

55%

54%

51%

47%

Growth in Niche Markets

Each business is focused on niche markets. Each market is chosen to  
provide long term growth potential matched with our unique capabilities. 

Technical Fibre Products (TFP) operate within the advanced composites market. 
TFP’s nonwoven products provide unique solutions for light-weighting, 
conductivity, fracture resistance, to name a few.

James Cropper Paper (JCP) produces speciality papers in low volume and  
high quality, with the highest growth coming from the luxury packaging sector. 
Within this sector, JCP provides ranges of colours, textures and coating using  
a range of environmental materials including post-consumer waste.

ColourformTM (3DP) operates within the moulded fibre packing market,  
providing environmental alternatives to single-use plastics. Uniquely, 
ColourformTM offers high-quality packaging across the spectrum of colours.

Sales Volume

High

Medium

Low

Innovation

Over the past five years, we have invested over £13 million  
in research and development activities, with over 15%  
of our employees directly involved in these programmes. 

Last year over £28 million sales came from products that have  
been developed and introduced in the previous five years.

Sustainability is supported through our drive to innovate. Examples include, 
recycling sources of waste paper products, introducing renewable energy, 
developing products for clean technology such as wind and hydrogen fuel cell. 

Full year dividend per share 
(2019: 13.5p)

2.5p 

- 

Interim dividend paid, no final dividend proposed

CHIEF EXECUTIVE’S REVIEW

I was pleased to see continued sales 
growth now achieving circa £105m  
in sales. The resulting profits before  
tax for the group doubled to £5.5m 
delivering the most profitable  
year so far.

After a period of increased sales  
and improved mix along with a  
steady decline in pulp prices the  
Paper business delivered a strong 
performance. Following the successful 
commercialisation of the ColourformTM 
business sales in this division  
delivered strong growth. 

Technical Fibre Products delivered  
a solid performance, with a dip  
in the aerospace market lessened  
by an increasing growth experienced  
in fuel cell and wind energy sectors.

As a consequence of the increased  
profits, earnings per share is 108%  
higher than the previous period at  
50.6p per share (2019: 24.3p per share).

Revenue and Operating Profit

Capital expenditure

Group revenue for the financial period  
was £104.7m, up 4% on the prior period. 
Revenue for James Cropper Paper grew by 
2% in the period to £75.5m with the division 
generating an operating profit of £3.4m, 
compared to an operating loss of £2.0m in 
the prior period. Revenue for the Technical 
Fibre Products division (“TFP”) remained 
flat in the period at £26.5m and operating 
profit down 13% at £7.8m. Revenue for 
ColourformTM grew to £2.5m, compared to 
£0.3m in 2019 and operating losses reduced 
from a loss of £2.5m to a loss of £1.4m.

Research and development

Research and development is a fundamental 
part of our growth strategy, adding to our 
capability, maintaining our competitiveness 
and bringing new product lines into our 
target markets. The Group continues to 
invest in research and development with 
expenditure in R&D of £3.9m this period,  
compared to £4.0m in the prior period.

Capital expenditure during the  
period was £9.2m (2019: £5.2m).

Targeted Growth 

Each business focuses on its 
target market; however, all have 
key strategies in common: 

•   Focusing on niche growth 
markets to match our  
unique capabilities

•   Expand global diversity  
to target these niche  
markets across the world 

•   Deliver constant  

innovation to these  
chosen markets

*  For definitions of alternative performance measures please refer to page 13 on the Chief Financial Officer Review report.

08

09

Strategic Report - Chief Executive’s Review

Strategic Report - Covid-19 Report

People

The approach to building skills and 
talent can be seen at all levels within  
the company. Graduate intake has 
traditionally been within technical  
and now benefits from a wider range  
of functions. Similarly, apprenticeships 
traditionally were focused on engineering 
disciplines; however, today cover broader 
functions within the business.

The annual Pride awards recognise 
employees going “above and beyond” 
demonstrating creativity, significant 
improvements and dedicating personal  
time to good causes.

There are a number of cultural programmes 
designed to gain input from every 
employee within the company to support 
building a collaborative approach to 
changes we adopt. These include a detailed 
employee survey, “The Big Listen” run 
within the paper business and structured, 
regular communication, to name a few.

Our people programmes together  
with a strong emphasis on training  
and development, underpin our initiatives 
to grow in each business.

Phil Wild, Chief Executive Officer 
22 June 2020

Apprenticeships within the group

14 Engineering

2

Papermaking

4

Business

8

Leadership

2

Manufacturing

30

Graduates within the group

8 Technical

14

1

Technology & Innovation

5

Commercial / Business

COVID-19 REPORT

Health and wellbeing of employees

Reducing Costs

•    Implementing government guidelines 

•    Cost of living pay increases  

such as sanitation and social distancing 

and bonus payments suspended 

•    Providing personal protective  

•    Planned production temporary closures

At the start of the new financial 
year, we experienced the initial 
impact of the Covid-19  
global pandemic. 

Our guiding principles  
on how we responded  
to Covid-19 were:- 

•   Health and wellbeing  

of employees

equipment (PPE) 

•    Directors visible on-site each day

•    Up to 30% of employees  

working from home 

•    Utilising the Job Retention Scheme

•   Supporting customers 

•    Regular communication status updates 

•   Reducing costs

•    Providing mental health support 

•    Community support programmes 

Supporting Customers 

•    Sharing best practices 

•    Rescheduling orders and production  

to best match customers’ needs  
and costs 

•    Logistic and delivery challenges are 
overcome. E.g. import restrictions, 
reduced air carriers 

•    Payment plans to support customers

•    Employees placed on Job Retention 
Schemes reducing the workforce to 
minimum requirements 

•   A hiring freeze, a release of agency 

workers and other operational costs 

•   Significant spending cuts in all areas that 
are not directly related to the production 
for our customers, and spending cuts 
which do not impact our ability to grow 

•   Capital investment projects for strategic 

growth programmes postponed 

•   Adopting payment suspensions and 
plans where government and tax 
authority support is in place

•  Shareholder dividends stopped 

10

11

Strategic Report - Covid-19 Report

Strategic Report - Chief Financial Officer’s Review

The Company selected a severe framework against which build and action immediate plans and assess the impact  
of Covid-19 on the business over the next two years. Whilst in the short term costs and cash are managed to  
ensure liquidity; our objective is to continue and to accelerate growth plans. Some examples include:-

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER’S REVIEW

Paper

•   New product development to extend the range such as PaperGard and Biomaster,  

which treats paper against cross-contamination of bacteria. Applications which lend 
themselves to medical markets.

•   Growth volume, including products such as manilla and filing products. 

•   Gain market share by working with merchants to win volume projects. 

•   Accelerate the introduction of new projects such as a new mountboard  

range to capitalise on an expected home refurbishment spike.

•   Launch new ranges such as the Mill Collection, black & white folding boxboard  
for cosmetics packaging which will show rebound benefit from online purchasing.

Technical Fibre Products 

Profit Summary 

Revenues 

Paper Products 

Technical Fibre Products (TFP) 

Colourform 

Other Group expenses 

Adjusted operating profit  APM1 

Net finance costs  
(excluding IAS 19 impact) 

2020  
£’000  

2019  
£’000  

Change   Change 
%

£’000  

104,667   

101,095   

3,406   

7,753   

(1,378 ) 

(2,541 ) 

7,240   

(566 ) 

(1,992 ) 

8,883   

(2,462 ) 

(167 ) 

4,262   

(300 ) 

3,572   

5,398   

(1,130 ) 

1,084   

(2,374 ) 

2,978   

(266 ) 

4 %

271 %

(13 %)

44 %

(1422 %)

70 %

(89 %) 

Adjusted profit before tax  APM2 

6,674   

3,962   

2,712   

68 %

Net IAS 19 pension adjustments 

Net current service charge required 

(671 ) 

Net interest 

(544 ) 

(854 ) 

(532 ) 

Net IAS 19 pension impact 

(1,215 ) 

(1,386 ) 

183   

(12 ) 

171   

21 %

(2 %)

12 %

•   Accelerate new products and applications such as high-value fire retardant products. 

Profit before tax 

5,459   

2,576   

2,883   

112 %

•   Drive new markets such as marine defence.

•   Growth in the existing market, for example, markets supporting the movement  

away from fossil fuels, such as fuel cells.

•   Gain volume growth and market share such as the wind energy market selling  

high-value materials in Europe and China. 

ColourformTM  

•   Accelerating new projects such as bottle wraps for champagne markets. 

•   Line extensions in beauty and cosmetics. 

•   Expanding the range with existing customers. 

•   Licencing technology. ColourformTM uniquely delivers a full range of  

coloured products, however only currently focused on the European market.  
Working with partners in other geographies and sharing selective colour technology 
allows licencing revenue to be achieved.

Impact from Covid-19

At the start of the pandemic, the Paper 
business experienced a sharp downturn  
in orders, aligned to the lockdown 
imposed around the world and especially 
in the UK. Much less impact was 
experienced in the TFP business,  
with a downturn in aerospace observed, 
however, continued growth in other 
markets such as green technology.  

While the order intake for ColourformTM 
has been moderated, year on year growth 
continues to be achieved. The impact on 
group sales for the start of the current 
financial year was approximately  
30% less compared to the same period  
in the prior year. We expect to fall  
further during Q2, with growth being 
experienced in the second half of the year.

Impacts on profits have been less severe 
due to the quick and significant actions 
taken to reduce costs at the start of the 
pandemic. While we expect profit to be 
significantly affected, as a result, we do 
expect to the end the current financial 
year at least at break-even profit, 
excluding any impact of pension  
charges under IAS 19.

Revenue and Trading Profits

Alternative Performance Measures (APMs) 

The Group delivered record revenue 
of £104,667,000 in the period, a 4% 
increase from £101,095,000 in 2019. 
Group adjusted profit before tax  
(see APM2 Alternative Performance 
Measures), grew by 68% on the  
prior period to £6,674,000  
(2019: £3,962,000). 

TFP’s revenues were depressed 
slightly by the Boeing 737 Max 
production delays and then Covid-19 
on the aerospace sector in general, 
TFP nonetheless produced a steady 
performance with noticeable 
growth in its fuel cell and wind 
energy sectors. Paper generated 
revenue growth largely from luxury 
packaging contracts whilst 
ColourformTM went from £0.3m  
to £2.6m in the year.

Adjusted operating profit (APM 1) 
grew successfully (up 70% on prior 
year) due to mix improvements in 
Paper, favourable forward gas 
contracts, the reduction in pulp 
prices, and excellent sales growth  
in ColourformTM along with a 
dependable performance in TFP. 
The Group profit before tax 
increased in the period by 112%  
on the prior period to £5,459,000 
(2019: £2,576,000).

APMs make clear to the readers of the accounts what the underlying performance of the 
business actually is. These measures are used internally to evaluate business performance. 
The following alternative performance measures are used in this report and these accounts:

APM 1 

 “Adjusted operating profit” - Adjusted operating profit refers to operating 
profit prior to the impact of IAS 19.

APM2 

 “Adjusted profit before tax” - Adjusted profit before tax refers to profit before 
tax prior to the impact of IAS 19.

APM3 

 Adjusted EBITDA - EBITDA is a common term that refers to operating profit 
before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation. Adjusted EBITDA is 
EBITDA prior to the impact of IAS 19. The impact of IAS 19 is shown in the 
Profit summary table above.

All APMs exclude IAS 19 as IAS 19 varies, up and down, from one reporting period to 
another and obscures true business performance. This chart sets out the variable impact  
of IAS 19 on profits over the last 12 years.

The surplus in 2012 resulted in an additional £128,000 being added to reported profits. 
The largest deficit was experienced in 2019 with a £1,386,000 impact to reported profits. 
This year-end to March 2020 reveals an IAS 19 impact on profits of £1,215,000.

Total impact of IAS 19 on profit £’000

400

200

0

(200)

(400)

(600)

(800)

(1,000)

(1,200)

(1,400)

(1,600)

2008 2009 2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019 2020

12

13

 
Strategic Report - Chief Financial Officer’s Review

Strategic Report - Chief Financial Officer’s Review

Revenues and Divisional performance

Other Group Expenses 

Divisional Revenue Summary 

Paper Products 

Technical Fibre Products 

Colourform 

Revenue 

Divisional Profit Summary 

Paper Products 

Technical Fibre Products 

Colourform 

Other Group Expenses 

Adjusted Operating Profit APM1 

2020  
£’000  

75,545   

26,536   

2,586   

2019  
£’000  

74,318   

26,487   

290   

104,667   

101,095   

Change  
£’000  

Change 
%

1,227   

49   

2,296   

3,572   

2 %

-

792 %

4 %

2020  
£’000  

2019  
£’000  

Change  
£’000  

Change 
%

3,406   

7,753   

(1,378 ) 

(2,541 ) 

7,240   

(1,992 )  

8,883   

(2,462 ) 

(167 ) 

4,262   

5,398   

(1,130 ) 

1,084   

(2,374 ) 

2,978   

271 %

(13 %)

44 %

(1,422 %)

70 %

Paper Division 

The Paper Division is one of the world’s 
foremost makers of premium coloured 
paper and a custom specialty converter  
of papers. It is renowned globally for 
its expertise in the manufacture of high 
quality, uncoated, deep coloured papers 
that play an important part in sustainable 
growth markets within luxury packaging, 
display art, photography, printing  
and marketing.

Revenues grew 2% year on year as a result 
of our strategy to leverage our colour 
expertise and to continue to innovate in 
recovered and sustainable fibre to generate 
value for our customers and their evolving 
portfolios. Key opportunities are in 
packaging where we have seen 23% year 
on year growth, particularly with some 
of the highest profile luxury goods brands. 
Consumer concern about sustainability 
and social issues is on the increase and we 
continue to enjoy growing interest from 
enlightened brands in our CupCycling™ 
capability of used coffee cup fibre as  
a key source of post-consumer waste  
in packaging. 

Throughout the year pulp prices softened 
easing the burden by £3.9m compared to 
the prior year, although prices are still 
higher than the historic 2017 levels.  

Increasing the use and application  
of recovered fibre is key to reducing 
dependence on virgin pulp, by the end of the 
year usage increased to 24% of recovered 
fibres in our portfolio up 4% from the 
beginning of the year. The profit in this 
period is £3,406,000 (2019: loss £1,992,000).

Technical Fibre Products (TFP)

TFP develops and manufactures  
non-wovens and other advanced cutting 
edge materials that play an important  
part in progressive applications for fuel 
cell and green technologies, defence, 
fire-protection and transportation.  
TFP is a highly diversified business,  
with profitable niche positions in a range 
of market sectors. TFP has little direct 
competition in its chosen applications,  
and customarily holds a deep insight into 
its customer requirements, it has built  
up a strong reputation for innovation  
and development in each of its sectors. 

In the two years preceding this period  
the Division suffered from a sustained  
and unprecedented increase in pulp prices 
causing a heavy commodity price burden 
and an impetus to innovate in recovered 
and sustainable fibre solutions.  

During the year long term defence 
programmes faced delays in production, 
the aerospace industry suffered a 
contraction which continues into this  
year as the Boeing 737 Max stopped 
production and Covid-19 took a hold. 

Overall sales and profits for the period 
were impacted, however the division 
enjoyed growth in fuel cell and other 
green technologies and continues to  
be well positioned in these growing 
markets. Profit this period is down  
13% on previous year at £7,753,000  
(2019: £8,883,000).

ColourformTM 

Colourform™ delivers plastic-free 
packaging made from 100% renewable 
FSC® wood fibre and post-consumer 
recycled paper. 

Using colour and texture, form,  
and functionality, Colourform™  
provides a high-quality alternative to 
single use plastics. Established in 2017,  
Colourform™ has expanded its capacity  
as demand has grown. In 2020 the 
business delivered over £2.5m sales 
(previous year £0.3m) to customers  
in key cosmetics, beauty and  
perfume sectors.

Further contracts in the champagne  
and beauty markets have been secured  
by Colourform™ for delivery in 2020/21  
and we continue to see a growing interest 
in sustainable projects with brands keen  
to drive the environmental agenda with 
their packaging. Colourform™ made a 
loss in the period of £1,378,000  
(2019: loss £2,462,000).

Other group expenses have increased in  
the period to £2,541,000 (2019: £167,000). 
Profit bonus accruals constitute the largest 
item, and early recognition of Covid-19 
expenditure and provisions another.  
Bonus awards are linked to performance 
allowing employees to celebrate their 
achievements, building trust and 
engagement. In the prior year no bonuses 

were earned however this year is the  
best year in the Company’s history and  
we are pleased that bonuses have been 
earned. Whilst all awards have been 
deferred due to the pandemic it is the 
Board’s intention to pay these awards.  
The Board believes that we will experience 
various emerging phases as the Covid-19 
pandemic evolves, with different 

countries, different regions and different 
business sectors recovering at different 
speeds. Whilst expected credit losses are 
recognised in each Division the Company 
believes these to be much less predictable 
in the current environment and yet all the 
more important to provide for, additional 
provisions in Group have been made to 
reflect this uncertainty. 

Currency

This table compares the opening and closing exchange rates for the financial period. 
Sterling weakened against both major currencies in the period.

60% of the Group’s sales are exports bringing in Dollars and Euros to the Group.  
Euros are used to purchase Euro priced raw materials and Dollar receipts are used  
to fund the purchase of Dollar priced pulp, this creates a natural hedge across the Group.

Potential exposure to foreign currency surpluses, or deficits, are dealt with via  
foreign currency trades using forward selling or forward purchasing contracts.  
A total of ¤7m forward sell euro contracts are in place throughout the 12 month  
period to March 2021 to convert expected excess Euros into Sterling. 

Currency movements had a positive impact on operating profit in the divisions  
and a negative impact in PLC. Currency movements, with the Dollar and Euro 
strengthening had a minor beneficial impact on sales, increasing sales by 0.5%.

Currency 

$  

¤

Opening rate 
March 2019 v. £ 

Closing rate 
March 2020 v. £

Exchange rate 
movement 
Strengthen v. £ 

1.3031   

1.1605 

1.2359   

1.1149 

5.15 % 

3.93 % 

EBITDA (Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation)

The Group monitors EBITDA as it provides a good indication of cash generated from the Group’s operations.

EBITDA 

2020  
£’000  

2019  
£’000  

Change   Change 
%

£’000  

Adjusted operating profiting APM1 

7,240   

Depreciation and amortisation 

3,950   

Adjusted EBITDA APM3 

11,190   

4,262   

2,952   

7,214   

2,978   

998   

3,976   

70 %

34 %

55 %

The Group’s adjusted operating profit 
increased 70% year on year. The Group’s 
depreciation costs were 34% higher than in 
the prior period as expected with investment 
in ColourformTM now being depreciated. 
The group delivered an Adjusted EBITDA 
(APM 3) of £11,190,000 (2017: £7,214,000) 
up 55% on prior year. 

Tax 

The Group’s total tax charge for the period is £630,000 
(2019: £262,000) an effective tax rate of 11.5% on profit 
before tax. The effective rate is lower than the standard  
rate of corporation tax in the UK (19%) notably as a result 
of rate changes on the opening deferred tax assets and 
liabilities from 17% to 19% as a result of the substantive 
enactment at the balance sheet date of changes in 
corporation tax rates, also due to an off set of losses  
arising in overseas jurisdictions. 

SFP 

2020  
£’000  

2019 
£’000

Non-pension assets - excluding cash 

72,084   

64,871 

Non-pension liabilities - excluding borrowings 

(19,032 ) 

(16,236 )

Net IAS 19 pension deficit (after deferred tax) 

(7,600 ) 

(18,798 )

53,052   

48,635 

Statement of financial position (SFP)

Net borrowings 

Non-pension assets have increased from £64,871,000  
to £72,084,000, an increase of £7,213,000 largely due  
to the increased levels of capital investment up £3,966,000 
on prior year and the inclusion of IFRS 16 Right of Use  
assets in 2020. Non-pension liabilities have increased by 
£2,796,000 primarily due to balances on trade payables. 

Equity shareholders’ funds 

34,397   

21,276

Gearing % - before IAS 19 deficit 

Gearing % - after IAS 19 deficit 

Capital expenditure £’000 

26 % 

32 % 

21 %

40 %

9,195   

5,229

45,452   

29,837 

(11,055 ) 

(8,561 )

14

15

 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report - Chief Financial Officer’s Review

Strategic Report - Chief Financial Officer’s Review

SFP IAS 19 Pension

SFP IAS 19 Pension 

2020  
£’000  

2019   Change 
£’000

£’000  

After deferred tax the Net IAS 19 deficit has decreased  
by £11,198,000 to £7,600,000. The decrease is principally  
caused by rising corporate bond yields, a fall in expected  
future inflation and reductions in life expectancy all decreasing 
liabilities which was further aided by strong asset returns.  
A greater analysis of IAS 19 on pensions, the on-going valuations 
and risk management is provided within the “pensions section”  
of this report. Note 19 also provides a full retirement benefit 
disclosure to the financial statements.

Retirement benefit liabilities 

(9,382 ) 

(22,648 ) 

13,266

Deferred tax asset 

1,782   

3,850   

(2,068 )

Net IAS 19 pension deficit 

(7,600 ) 

(18,798 ) 

11,198

As a result of these movements on the pension scheme deficits,  
and the strong performance in the year, shareholders’ funds  
show an overall increase of £13,121,000 to £34,397,000.  

Cash Flow

In the period the Group’s net cash inflow was £6,612,000  
(2019: outflow £3,205,000). A positive cash inflow in the year:  
the Group generated cash through its strong operating 
performance and good working capital management. Past service 
deficit payments of £1,424,000 are made in accordance with the 
agreed schedule of contributions covering £1,284,000 to reduce 
past service deficits and a further £140,000 to meet protection levy 
payments. Strategic investments increased in the year supported 
by additional debt drawdowns. Debt drawdowns also provided 
the Group with good availability of funds ahead of the evolving 
impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.  

Capital investment in the period was £9,195,000 (2019: £5,229,000). 
Investments are driven by the requirement to enable growth, 
largely in the form of generating revenue by increasing  
capacity, improving capability or generating cost savings.  
Other expenditure supports resilience, safety and workplace 
improvements. Capital was invested in all divisions this year. 

Last year we announced the strategic decision to provide an 
additional nonwoven production line, expanding capacity by a 
further 50% in TFP to support future growth. The programme  
of work progressed well during the year, and it constitutes the 
largest spend in the year. Prior to the year-end with Covid-19 
impacting (see CEO report), the completion of this project has 
been deferred as one of a number of immediate actions to 
safeguard cash and preserve liquidity. Early signs show that the 
TFP markets are more resilient to the general market downturn 
created from Covid-19 and commercial growth opportunities  
will be optimised by the completion of this project.  

Capital projects remain under regular review as the Executive 
Committee monitors and assesses performance, funding and 
market conditions prior to re-starting or approving new or 
existing investment projects.

The closing cash position for the Group is £8,964,000  
(2019: £2,352,000).

The closing cash position of £8,964,000 along with existing 
overdraft facilities of £3,500,000 ensures the Group holds 
sufficient funds by way of buffer as the Covid-19 pandemic  
takes effect on the world. The Company has selected a prudent 
framework against which to action immediate plans and assess  
the impact of Covid-19 on the business over the next two years. 
Whilst in the short term costs and cash are managed to ensure 
liquidity and support working capital requirements our objective 
is to continue and accelerate growth plans. Key immediate uses  
of cash will therefore be available to back working capital 
requirements during the downturn and in readiness to gear up  
out of the downturn, however some flexibility is also retained to 
re-start our investment programmes if certain conditions are met.  

Cash Flow 

Net cash inflow from 
operating activities

Net cash outflow from 
investing activities

Net cash inflow / (outflow)  
from financing activities

Net increase / (decrease)   
in cash and cash equivalents

Opening cash and  
cash equivalents

Closing cash and  
cash equivalents

3,870   

(1,851 ) 

5,721

2,742   

(1,354 ) 

4,096 

6,612   

(3,205 ) 

9,817 

2,352   

5,557   

(3,205 ) 

8,964   

2,352   

6,612 

Funding, facilities and net debt

The Group funds its operations and investments from 
operating cash flow and from borrowings and leases.  
During the period net debt increased by £2,494,000  
to £11,055,000, however the Group has adopted IFRS 16  
and incorporates £4,328,000 of right-of-use leases in its 2020 
borrowings figure. Net debt on an equivalent comparative  
basis is reduced to £6,727,000 in the year down by £1,834,000.  

Net debt before IFRS 16 

2020  
£’000  

2019   Change 
£’000

£’000  

Cash and cash equivalents 

8,964   

2,352   

6,612 

All borrowings excluding IFRS 16  (15,691 ) 

(10,913 ) 

(4,778 )

Net debt on an equivalent 
comparison basis

(6,727 ) 

(8,561 ) 

(1,834 ) 

The Group has two revolving credit facilities secured with 
different high street banks. Revolving credit facilities provide  
the Group with optional draw down at short notice, repayment 
flexibility, reduced margins and facilities on an unsecured basis. 
Total revolving credit facilities, from two supporting banks, 
amount to £11,000,000, of which £10,934,226 is drawn down  
at the period end. Cash and cash equivalents increased from 
£2,352,000 up to £8,964,000 in the year whilst long term 
borrowings (falling due after more than a year) increased  
by £6,895,000 to £16,263,000 after the adoption of IFRS 16.  
The expiry profile of existing borrowings is detailed in  
note 18.3 to the financial statements.

The group is in compliance with all its banking covenants at the 
period end. The group has since arranged new covenant measures, 
with its supporting banks, which enable new parameters to be 
monitored during the Covid-19 pandemic, and our expected 
recovery period.

Undrawn facilities comprise of unused overdraft facilities of 
£3,500,000 plus the total unused credit facilities of £1,867,000,  
the majority of cash under revolving credit facilities having  
been drawn down prior to the year end. This means a total  
of £5,367,000 remains unutilised at the year-end date.

Having taken account of current borrowings to be paid  
within 12 months of the balance sheet date the Group has 
£10,575,000 available to the Group beyond 12 months. 

Funding 

2020  
£’000  

2019   Change 
£’000

£’000  

Cash and cash equivalents 

8,964   

2,352   

6,612 

Borrowings:  
repayable within one year

(3,756 ) 

(1,545 ) 

(2,211) 

Borrowings: non-current 

(16,263 ) 

(9,368 ) 

(6,895 )

Net debt 

(11,055 ) 

(8,561 ) 

(2,494 )

Borrowings:  
repayable within one year

3,756   

1,545   

2,211 

Borrowings: non-current 

16,263   

9,368   

6,895

Facilities drawn down 

20,019   

10,913   

9,106 

Undrawn facilities 

5,367   

8,119   

(2,752 )

Facilities 

25,386   

19,032   

6,354 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Undrawn facilities 

8,964   

5,367   

2,352   

8,119   

6,612

(2,752 )

Funds available at year end 

14,331   

10,471   

3,860   

Borrowings:  
repayable within one year

Funds available 
in excess of one year

(3,756 ) 

(1,545 ) 

(2,211 ) 

10,575   

8,926   

1,649  

The Company has carried out extensive 
financial modelling of the most severe 
impact of the Covid-19 pandemic.   
The Company has used this framework to 
inform its strategic response and to engage 
with its stakeholders. In particular,  
the directors considered the Group's profit 
and cash flow forecasts for the coming two 
financial years in this context, which 
foresees a particularly challenging sales 
outlook over the twelve month period 
from April 2020 to March 2021. 

This framework has formed the basis  
of our opinion of the Group’s cash and 
debt requirements. We have reviewed 
these with our bank lenders and agreed 
adjusted financial covenants with them. 
The Group's revised financial covenants 
are not breached in this severe framework. 

The UK government has announced  
a number of assistance measures for 
businesses. The Company has sought to 

utilise these schemes where it is  
eligible and beneficial to do so.  

For planning purposes, the Company 
frequently updates its view on likely 
trading patterns, incorporating latest 
intelligence on demand, cost reduction 
actions, reduced capital expenditure and 
the furlough of employees. Importantly 
these realistic scenarios provide good 
headroom against the Covid-19 severe 
framework and our covenants. 

At the time of writing this report the 
Company is trading very significantly 
ahead of the most severe forecasts at both 
the sales and profit level. Nevertheless 
there still remains a risk that the impact  
of Covid-19 could be more significant 
than presented in the Company’s severe 
case. In the event that there is a more 
significant downturn, there are further 
mitigating actions that could be enacted, 
these could include but are not limited to, 

further reductions in capital expenditure,  
further reductions in business expenditure 
and overheads. 

The Company believes that with the 
stronger than feared start to the year  
and with the on-going government 
support measures, the cost savings  
enacted and the potential for further 
savings, should the impact of Covid-19  
be more significant than our most 
pessimistic current view, the Company 
has sufficient headroom to remain  
within covenants and to be able to 
continue to operate within available 
banking facilities. 

The Board is satisfied it has sufficient cash 
resources to meet its obligations as they 
fall due throughout this duration and the 
Board has a reasonable expectation that 
the Company and the Group has adequate 
resources to continue in operational 
existence for the foreseeable future.

2020  
£’000  

2019   Change 
£’000

£’000  

13,065   

3,366   

9,699 

(9,195 ) 

(5,217 ) 

(3,978 ) 

Going Concern

16

17

 
 
 
 
  
 
Strategic Report - The Pension Report

Strategic Report - The Pension Report

The IAS 19 valuation includes a correction for sex-inequalities inherent in Guaranteed Minimum Pensions (GMPs) which was  
accounted for in the year end March 2019 where an estimate of £133,000 for the financial cost to correct the gender inequalities  
inherent in Guaranteed Minimum Pensions (GMPs) was taken to the P&L. Actuarial changes in previous assumptions will pass  
through Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The “true” cost of GMP equalisation will take a few years to fully evaluate,  
however the Company would expect any variances compared to the estimate, to flow through the OCI statement.   

The April 2016 triennial “on-going” valuations 

Discount Rate 

Staff  
Scheme  
£000s  

Works   
Scheme   
£000s  

Total 
£000s 

3.55 % 

3.55 %  

3.55 % 

Assets 

Liabilities 

44,401   

(48,079 ) 

47,901   

92,302

(60,045 ) 

(108,124 )

Deficit  

(3,678 ) 

(12,144 ) 

(15,822 )

Funding Level - % 

92.4 % 

79.8 % 

85.4 %

Defined benefit schemes the triennial “on-going” valuation

UK legislation requires the Scheme 
Trustee to carry out actuarial funding 
valuations at least every three years and 
to target full funding over an appropriate 
time period, taking into account the 
current circumstances of the Group 
schemes, and the current circumstances 
of the Group.  

The most recent concluded funding 
valuations were carried out at April  
2016 and these determined the combined 
deficit of the schemes to be £15.8m. 

Work is progressing on the April 2019 
triennial “on-going” valuation.

The defined benefit schemes are sensitive 
to a number of key factors: the value of the 
assets, the discount rate used to calculate 

the schemes liabilities (based on a premium 
above gilt yields), the expected rate of 
inflation in the future and the mortality 
assumptions for members of the schemes. 
Changes in these assumptions will impact 
the deficit positively or negatively.  

The Company recognises its 
responsibility to fund its defined benefit 
pension plan deficits. The long term plan 
is to ensure that when pension payments 
peak the Company has made sure that 
these payments can be satisfied at the peak 
and into future years with a low reliance 
on support from the Company. With 
pension payments not expected to peak 
until 2040, and expected to continue into 
the 2080s, the funding deficits are 
expected to be repaired over this timeline. 

The on-going triennial valuations are an 
important part of aligning the latest 
position on route to the longer term target. 

The current deficit recovery plan was 
agreed with the Trustee and included 
contributions of £1.3m per annum to 
reduce the past service deficits and a 
further £0.16m per annum to meet pension 
protection levy payments, a total of 
£1.46m each year. These have an impact  
on both cash and the deficit and are 
recognised on the Statement of Financial 
Position. The Company is currently in 
discussions with the Trustee to agree 
future pension contributions, which will 
form part of a funding plan designed to 
meet the pension scheme deficit over the 
longer-term. 

Key risks relating to the pension schemes

The Company is exposed to a number  
of risks relating to the pension schemes, 
including investment risks, demographic 
risks and inflation risks for those 
benefits linked to inflation. Covid-19 is 
likely to cause considerable volatility in 
the markets in the short to medium term 
affecting all these risks. 

Most of the economic risks are hedged by 
the schemes’ liability driven investment 
strategies, which brings some protection 
however it is not practical or cost effective 
to hedge all pension scheme risks. 

Risk management activity in recent  
years comprises of the following; 

•   The Schemes were closed to new 

members in the year 2000 in order  
to contain the Group’s exposure  
to rising pension costs and to  
safeguard the accrued benefits  
to existing members.

•   Future annual increases in pensionable 
pay were capped at a maximum of  
2% from 1st April 2011, and starting  
in April 2014 employee contributions 
were increased.

•   From 1 July 2017 the staff scheme rate 
of pensionable accrual was reduced 
from 1/60th to 1/75th for each future 
year of pensionable service. 

•   For both the staff and the works  
scheme increases in pension once  
it is in payment, for future benefits 
accrued, will be in line with the annual 
increase in the Consumer Price Index, 
these actions protect the Group’s 
exposure to future costs. 

•   In April 2018 (after the March 2018 
year-end) a new investment strategy 
was adopted which aims to significantly 
reduce risk whilst maintaining a similar 
level of overall return and protecting 
asset values.

THE PENSION REPORT

The Group operates two funded pension schemes providing defined benefits for a number of its employees; the James Cropper  
PLC Pension Scheme (the “Staff Scheme”) and the James Cropper PLC Works Pension Plan (the “Works Scheme”).

IAS 19 pension valuation 2020 

Staff  
Scheme  

Works  
Scheme  

Total  
2020  

Total  
2019  

Change    

%

Discount Rate 

2.50 % 

2.55 % 

2.53 % 

2.45 %  

Assets 

Liabilities 

(Deficit) / Surplus  

Effect of limit on recoverable surplus 

Net (Deficit) / Surplus 

Funding Level - % 

£000 s 

53,512   

(51,632 ) 

1,880   

(1,880 ) 

-   

104 % 

£000 s 

60,456   

(69,838 ) 

(9,382 ) 

-   

(9,382 ) 

£000 s 

113,968   

(121,470 ) 

(7,502 ) 

(1,880 ) 

(9,382 ) 

£’000  

109,998   

(132,646 ) 

(22,648 ) 

-   

(22,648 ) 

87 % 

94 % 

83 % 

4 %

(8 % )

(59 % )

13 %

The Statement of Financial Position IAS 19 deficit

The pension scheme deficit reported in the 
accounts has decreased since 2019, from 
£22.6m to £9.4m (before deferred tax).  

The table shows the overall value of the 
schemes’ assets which have increased by 
4% and in the same period the schemes 
liabilities decreased by 8%. 

The combined decrease in the schemes’ 
overall deficit is principally caused by 
rising corporate bond yields, a fall in 

expected future inflation and reductions 
in life expectancy all decreasing liabilities 
which was further aided by strong asset 
returns. The Covid-19 pandemic created 
an unusual time in the markets at the 
March year end and the increased yields 
available on corporate bonds at the time 
drove down liabilities and, together with 
the lower expected future inflation,  
has caused the greatest part of the 
improvement we see across both schemes.

A full retirement benefit disclosure is 
provided in note 19 to the financial 
statements and in addition it is worth 
noting that;

•   The IAS 19 valuation includes  
a correction for sex-inequalities 
inherent in Guaranteed Minimum 
Pensions (GMPs)

•   The staff scheme surplus has been 

restricted and not recognised in line 
with the implications of the guidance 
provided by IFRIC 14.

18

19

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report - The Pension Report

Strategic Report - Risk Management

IAS 19 assumptions 

The IAS 19 impact on profits 

The bi-annual IAS 19 valuations are 
adopted for statutory reporting purposes 
and hold no other value to the Company. 
The standard requires the Group’s 
actuaries to make a number of 
assumptions on a very different basis to 
the on-going valuations and under IAS 19 
the deficit is likely to be volatile and can 
be very different from one 6 month 
reporting period to the next. 

The impact of Covid-19 on markets at the 
March year-end illustrates how sensitive 
IAS 19 outcomes can be as a result of short 
term market volatility. Discount rates for 
IAS 19 are based on corporate bond yields 
which do not reflect the investment 
strategy of the schemes. The use of 
assumptions can have a material effect on 
the accounting values of the relevant assets 
and liabilities recognised on the Group’s 
Statement of Financial Position (SFP).

The actuarial gains and losses arising  
from variances against previous  
actuarial assumptions are passed  
through to the Statement of Financial 
Position with corresponding movements 
in reserves. Actuarial changes in  
previous assumptions will pass  
through Other Comprehensive  
Income (OCI) in this period actuarial 
valuations on mortality have passed 
through the OCI as a result of more 
robust studies carried out to assist 
determination of the 2019  
on-going valuations. 

The Group’s total reported profit before tax is based on the adjustments 
required for IAS 19, and these adjustments fall within operating costs and 
finance costs. The total charge against profits for the year end 28 March  
2020 includes an additional adjustment of £1,215,000 (2019: £1,386,000)  
to bring the cost into line with IAS 19. 

Operating costs

The cost of providing pension benefits is included within “employee benefits 
costs” in the Statement of Comprehensive Income. These costs include; the 
costs for the defined contribution schemes, personal pension plans, defined 
benefit schemes, life assurance and government pension protection levies. 
These costs also include an excess charge of £671,000 (2019: £854,000) 
determined by IAS 19 based on assumptions at the start of the period and 
which is over and above the future service contributions for the defined benefit 
schemes. These additional costs are;

•   Current service charge, being the cost of benefits earned in the current 

period shown net of employees’ contributions.

•   Past service costs, being the costs of benefit changes. 

•   Curtailment and settlement costs.

•   Any government pension protection levies paid over the period.

Finance costs

Finance costs which affect profit, consist of the net of:

•   Interest income on pension scheme assets

•   Interest cost on the accrued pension scheme liabilities

The income from scheme assets and cost on the accrued liabilities allowed for 
in the net interest cost is based on the discount rate at the start of the period, 
this impacts the costs shown in the income statement. A charge of £544,000 is 
charged to the income statement this period (2019: £532,000).

The retirement benefits note to the financial statements can be 
found on pages 103 to 106.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Viability

The Board has considered the potential 
business impacts of the Covid-19 outbreak. 
The Board believes that the four years  
to March 2024 is an appropriate period 
over which to evaluate the Group’s 
viability. This includes revival and 
opportunities to thrive in the post 
Covid-19 environment.

The Group’s current financial position,  
along with its Covid-19 strategies and plans 
beyond, marks the end of the Group’s 
formal planning horizon. The Board believes 
that given the emerging phases in the 
Covid-19 pandemic, with different countries, 
different regions and different business 
sectors recovering at different speeds,  
the principal risks described in this report  
are in themselves less predictable and  
yet important to consider over the  
planning horizon.

The Group’s severe downside plan has  
been tested for further downside linked to 
the Covid-19 pandemic and the Group’s 
principal risks. The Board is satisfied that 
the Group will be able to respond to such 
circumstances through various means 
which may include a reduced capital 

expenditure programme to ensure that  
the Group continues to meet its ongoing 
obligations. The Board is satisfied that  
the Group will have sufficient liquidity to  
meet its needs over the planning horizon. 
The directors have a reasonable expectation 
that the Group remains viable over the 
period of assessment.

Risk Management

The Board has overall responsibility for  
risk management which is key to ensuring 
good governance and to achieving the 
Group’s strategy. 

The Board coordinates activity across  
the Group ensuring risk management 
remains relevant to each business and  
the Group as a whole, and that it is 
responsive to changing business conditions.  
During the early phases of the Covid-19 
pandemic the Executive team led daily 
crisis response meetings and the Executive 
team continue to follow an ongoing process 
for identifying, evaluating and managing 
significant risks faced by the Group:  
our covid-secure risk assessment is  
available on the Company’s website.

The Group manages risk by a  
combination of insurance and  
self-insurance. Self-insurance refers  
to actions taken internally or in conjunction 
with other third parties. High risks in 
financial and operational areas are normally 
more dependent on insurance, however 
selected self-insurance activities can  
provide key protection. 

Risks in commercial and personnel areas, 
because of their nature, are more likely  
to be managed by self-insurance.

Principal Risks

The principal risks and uncertainties 
 that may adversely impact the  
performance of the Group are set  
out in the table on the following pages, 
along with the steps taken to address these. 
Each risk should be considered 
independently. Other factors could 
adversely affect Group performance  
and so the risks and uncertainties tabled 
should not be considered a complete  
set of potential risks, this report  
only addresses the Group’s most  
significant risks.

20

21

Strategic Report - Risk Management

Strategic Report - Risk Management

THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC RISK 

Risk description and Impact

EMPLOYEE HEALTH & SAFETY

Risk description and Impact

New risk this year  —

The risk of renewed contagion, and or the risk of global failure to provide effective 
therapeutic treatments or vaccines. The risk of these Covid-19 extended pandemic  
phases on our employees, our customers and the Group’s financial stability.

Stable  —

Mitigation

To date the Company has focused  
both on managing the crisis whilst 
simultaneously building the Company 
and getting fit for the future.  
It has a severe downside to instigate 
immediate actions. 

The severe downside adopts a U shaped 
recovery curve and assumes an impact 
relevant to the industry we operate 
within and the customers we serve. 

Further downside linked to the Covid-19 
pandemic will result in other measures 
being taken which to date have not been 
built in and may include: 

•   Accelerating investment in areas  
where commercial growth is  
more resilient 

•   Reducing the workforce 

•   Outsourcing non-core activities 

•   Selling IP, know how, licenses

•   Defer planned investment where 

growth is less resilient to Covid-19

•   Invest in other emerging opportunities 

Additionally, the company has measures 
in place to minimise the risk of infection 
including social distancing, sanitisation, 
travel and visitor control, working from 
home and remote working capabilities.

Any customer demand downside may be 
mitigated through a global supply base. 
Over 60% of sales are exported and nearly 
75% of profit is generated from outside of 
the UK.

Employee health, safety and wellbeing is paramount and the Group embraces the ethos 
that nothing we do is worth getting hurt for. This includes adherence to new standards 
recently introduced by the UK Government to address the risks associated with Covid-19 
in the workplace.

If an incident were to arise this could potentially result in harm to employees, contractors, 
property, lost production time, financial penalties, restitution costs, and harm to the 
Group’s reputation.

Mitigation

Ensure employees safety in the workplace

The Group has an extensive Health & 
Safety programme built around the 
ISO18001 framework which is proactively 
managed across every division. We track 
leading indicators such as health & safety 
training, hazard reporting & improvement 
suggestions whilst also monitoring 
incidents, and near misses to enhance our 
learnings across the Group.

Over recent months our Health & Safety 
focus has expanded to incorporate the 
newly released Government guidelines for 
creating a Covid-19 secure workplace 
environment. This includes the 
introduction of new risk assessments for 
evaluating our effectiveness at  addressing 
the risks associated with Covid-19  
and includes new measures such as 
maintaining social distancing whilst 
working & moving around, hygiene & 
sanitation, site visitor management, 

occupancy levels in communal spaces  
and working from home where possible.

The Executive and Senior management 
teams proactively engage in our 
Workplace Observations program to 
promote health & safety in the workplace. 
This including all new measures recently 
introduced to address the risks of 
Covid-19 and in doing so support the 
creation of a safe working environment 
with employees at all levels across the 
organisation.

The Group is a proactive committee 
member of PABIAC (Paper and Board 
Industry Advisory Committee), a 
tripartite strategic health and safety 
delivery partnership for the paper,  
board and recovered paper industries, 
Health & Safety Executive (HSE) and 
union representatives. It is through  
these forums that best practices are  
shared and implemented.

ENERGY PRICE VOLATILITY

Risk description and Impact

Stable  —

Gas prices are affected by global supply and demand and price can be subject to 
significant fluctuations. Factors that influence these include natural disasters, climate, 
political instability, conflicts, economic conditions, shale gas reserves and actions by 
major oil and gas exporting countries.

Price fluctuations on key input costs which cannot be passed onto customers in  
all cases can affect our business assumptions, margins and investment decisions.

Mitigation

A Long-Term Energy Team aims to 
mitigate its exposure to energy costs  
by a combination of considering  
strategic diversification away from  
gas to alternative fuels and investing  
in sustainable energy saving solutions.

A Gas Purchasing Committee seeks  
to secure forward the unit cost of 
wholesale natural gas in anticipation  
of future demand. At the time of this  
plan the committee has secured prices  
for the year to the end of March 2022.

22

23

Strategic Report - Risk Management

Strategic Report - Risk Management

PENSION

Stable  —

PULP PRICE VOLATILITY  
AND SUSTAINABILITY

Reduced  ▼

Risk description and Impact

One of the Group’s divisions is subject to unexpected and prolonged price volatility of 
Pulp and the availability of other specific fibre grades. Price is subject to global supply  
and demand. Factors that influence these include natural disasters, climate, political 
instability, conflicts, economic conditions and actions by major pulp producers.

Price fluctuations on key input costs cannot be passed onto customers in all cases and  
can affect the profitability of the group.

Mitigation

The Board regularly receives updates  
and market pricing information on  
pulp and fibre.

The Paper division aims to maximise the 
recovery of paper price changes through 
timely commercial negotiations and 
recover costs via market price increases.

Pulp substitution from recycled coffee cups 
or post-consumer waste passed through 
our Reclaimed Fibre plant mitigates some 
of the impact of virgin pulp costs, and 
recovery has improved from 20% to 24% 
over the year: the target is 50% by 2025.

The division continues to leverage  
its reclaimed fibre technology  
plant and works collaboratively  
with the waste fibre supply chain  
to secure grades that are suitable  
for re-use.

The Paper division also looks to qualify 
alternative sources of fibre to reduce its 
reliance on virgin fibre from trees and 
waste grade material.

Diversification and the success of all  
the divisions offers the Group greater  
long term stability.

EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY

Risk description and Impact

Stable  —

The Group operates on a global basis, and earns revenues, incurs costs and makes 
investments in a number of currencies; the three major operating currencies are Sterling, 
Euro and Dollar. The Group’s financial results are reported in Sterling. Volatile exchange 
rates could have a significant impact on the Group’s results.

INFORMATION SECURITY  
AND CYBER RISK

Increased  ▲

BREXIT

Stable  —

Mitigation

The Group matches receipts and payments 
in the same foreign currency due in the 
same period. The Group’s treasury 
function uses a variety of swaps and 
forward options to hedge anticipated 
unmatched cash flows.

The Group prepares consolidated financial 
statements for reporting purposes, the 
consolidation process entails translating 
the financial statements of foreign 
subsidiaries from foreign to domestic 
currency. A dollar hedge is in place to 
mitigate the impact of translation exposure 
with the subsidiaries based in the USA.

Risk description and Impact

The risk that the UK has no deal with Europe, or reaches a deal on terms comparatively 
unfavourable to today’s trading environment. An exit with no deal could introduce tariffs, 
border controls and economic disruption.

The additional risk that European bodies are not replaced with a British regulatory regime.

Mitigation

The Group has planned around  
a hard Brexit scenario to ensure  
we have continuity of trade with  
our customers and be ready to  
handle all predicted practical matters  
of cost friction, barriers and regulation.

The Group works with representative 
organisations’ assisting UK 
manufacturing companies such as  
the Confederation of British Industry 
(CBI) and the Confederation of Paper 
Industry (CPI) to understand and  
prepare for all Brexit outcomes.

Risk description and Impact

The Group operates 2 defined benefit pension schemes which are in deficit. The April 2016 
triennial valuation concluded a combined deficit of the schemes to be £15.8m. The April 
2019 triennial valuation is progressing and expected to complete by the end of June 2020.

Actuarial deficits are sensitive to a number of key factors: the value of the assets,  
the discount rate used to calculate the scheme’s liabilities (based on corporate bond 
yields), the rate of inflation and the mortality assumptions for members of the schemes.  
Changes in these assumptions, the recognition of equalisation and market conditions 
could mean that the deficit increases further.

Mitigation

The Group’s strategy is to ensure the 
profitable and sustainable growth of  
the Group which in turn protects  
pensions earned. 

The Pension Subcommittee collaborates 
with the scheme Trustees to explore 
opportunities which may be favourable  
to reducing risk and or assist in closing  
the deficit. These activities continue  
as progression is made on the next 
ongoing valuation.

the Schemes was closed to new members 
in 2000 – these have been listed in the 
Pension Report.  

Deficit reduction contributions

Payments of £1.4m (including PPF levies) 
per year across both schemes are presently 
committed to. A renewed deficit reduction 
contribution plan will be concluded as 
part of the next ongoing valuation process.

Investment strategy

A number of risk reduction exercises  
have been enacted since membership of 

The Group agrees to an investment strategy 
with the trustees taking account of risk.

Risk description and Impact

Our divisions are dependent on the availability of IT services and significantly expanded 
remote working practices which bring increased challenges in a climate of opportunistic 
cyber threat growth.

Mitigation

The organisation is committed to 
information security management and 
implements a robust IT security and data 
protection programme, which tests for 

resilience against evolving cyber risks. 
This enables the Company’s IT usage  
and infrastructure to be continuously 
governed, enhanced and protected.

For and on behalf of the Board 

Isabelle Maddock, Chief Financial Officer 
22 June 2020

24

25

Strategic Report - S172(1) Statement

Strategic Report - S172(1) Statement

PROMOTING THE SUCCESS OF OUR GROUP

S172(1) STATEMENT

OUR APPROACH

OUR EMPLOYEES

Engaging with our stakeholders is 
fundamental to the way we do business.  
We supply to customers across the globe  
to both small businesses and multinational 
organisations. Strong partnerships are  
key to the success of our business with 
customers and suppliers, and have  
been through our 175 year history. 

Our employees are the lifeblood of our 
business and our most valuable resource. 
From new starters beginning their work 
life to employees who have followed their 
family through several generations,  
every employee is key to the success  
of the business and in these unprecedented 
times, their health and wellbeing are a  
key factor we strive to protect. Being the 
largest business in the local area and the 
Cropper family still involved in the 
business, the Group supports the  
local community and other charities.  
Our environment and sustainability  
are factors that we are constantly  
pursuing to improve. 

On these pages you will also find examples 
of how we considered our stakeholders 
when making key decisions during the 
year. As a Board, we have a duty to 
promote the success of the Group for  
the benefit of our members. In doing so, 
however, we must have regard for the 
interests of our employees, for the success 
of our relationships with suppliers  
and customers, for the impact of our 
operations on the community, and for  
the desirability of maintaining a reputation  
for high standards of business conduct.

These stakeholder considerations are 
woven throughout all of our discussions 
and decisions. Like any business, 
sometimes we have to take decisions  
that adversely affect one or more of these 
groups and, in such cases, we always  
look to ensure that those impacted are 
treated fairly.

Board considerations

Our employees are our biggest asset and 
fundamental to the success of the Group. 
During these unprecedented times, the 
Board have ensured that the health and 
wellbeing of our employees is the highest 
of three key priorities for the protection  
of the business. 

Employee safety is paramount and during 
the pandemic, as many employees as 
possible who could work from home  
have done so and at the same time 
significant changes to work practices  
have been implemented to ensure all our 
employees can work in a safe environment 
and ensure social distancing was adhered  
to at all times. However, where there were 
business activities that meant employees 
need to work in more confined areas, 
appropriate personal protective equipment 
was made available. 

Employee updates

Communications with all employees has 
been elevated in these times, using social 
media to ensure all employees are kept up 
to speed with latest advice and any changes 
to practices and the work environment.

The Company has maintained its regular 
briefings to employees including the 
bi-annual financial briefings and 
presentations. Regular consultative meetings 
are held with union representatives on all 
aspects of Group developments and on 
actions to be taken during the pandemic.

The 2019 biennial employee survey  
resulted in 68% level of engagement.

Diversity and inclusion

Vacancies are advertised both internally  
and externally and are filled following  
a rigorous evaluation of candidates  
who possess the required balance of  
skills, knowledge and experience.

The Group operates an equal opportunities 
policy that aims to treat individuals fairly 
and not to discriminate in any way. It is the 
Group’s policy to give equal opportunity 
when considering applications from 
disabled persons where the job 
requirements are considered to be within 
their ability.

Training and development

Crucial to any successful company is 
diversity of thought, experience and 
background. At James Cropper we ensure 
our recruitment and employment practices 
are inclusive providing equal opportunities 
for all individuals to allow us to recruit, 
develop and retain the best people.  
As a company we believe we all deserve the 
opportunity to develop our skills and 
talents to our full potential, work in a safe, 
supportive and inclusive environment, and 
be fairly rewarded and recognised for our 
work and have a meaningful voice on 
matters that affect us.

Crafting our future

This initiative, starting with the 
“Big Listen” was attended by 368 
employees with over 5,000 ideas and 
suggestions collected over four major 
topics of Vision; Communications, 
Relationships and Working Environment. 
This was the first phase of our four phase 
cultural change programme to enhance  
internal communications and employee 
engagement within the paper division to 
craft our future.

Further reading: 
Pages 29 to 37 divisional reports. 
Pages 47 to 48 people pages

OUR CUSTOMERS AND SUPPLIERS

Our business model depends on strong 
partnerships with our customers and 
suppliers. For generations we have prized 
our relationships with stakeholders, 
measured with many by decades. In recent 
years our growth has been underpinned  
by close collaborations with more global 
corporations. We have a common goal 
for increased sustainability and protection 
of the environment. Growth in our 
Cupcycling™ product range and our 
ColourformTM range are examples of how  
our close partnership with customers drives 
sustainable environmentally friendlier 
solutions to meet our customers’ needs. 
Our raw materials are ethically sourced 
including all our pulp supplies from 
responsibly managed forestry, certified 
to FSC® and PEFC® standards.

We continue to increase our work in  
the area of preventing modern slavery.  
Our latest Modern Slavery Statement  
can be found on our website.

Following the introduction of the supplier 
payment practice reports, we have amended 
our payment procedures to ensure that more 
suppliers are paid within agreed terms.

Further reading: 
Pages 29 to 37 divisional reports

OUR SHAREHOLDERS

Board considerations

All Board decisions are made with the Group’s success in mind, which is 
ultimately for the long-term benefit of our members. This year in particular 
though, we made the decision to not propose a final dividend due to the 
projected financial impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the business,  
and the need to conserve cash resources. 

We considered the impact of this action on our shareholders in detail, and agreed 
in line with other stakeholders, there was a need for our shareholders to assist  
the long term viability of the Group through these unprecedented times.

Investor briefings

The CEO and CFO meet with key institutional investors as a minimum  
twice a year, enabling investors to be well briefed on activities and to better 
understand the performance and strategic direction of the Group.

Annual general meeting (AGM)

Our 2019 AGM was well attended and all our proposed resolutions were passed. 
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the 2020 AGM will have to be held behind closed 
doors, with the lowest number of Directors physically attending, in line with our 
articles, and the others attending via online conferencing. It is important that more 
of our shareholders take the opportunity to express their voting preferences by 
using the proxy cards that will be sent out with the notice of the AGM.

The Group’s website is regularly updated and provides additional  
information on the Group.

www.jamescropper.com

Further reading:  
Pages 04 to 27 strategic report

OUR COMMUNITY

The impact of our operations on the communities in which we work is an 
important consideration in our Board discussions. Our Community Support 
Committee regularly receives requests from schools, charities and organisations 
seeking support for activities that benefit our local communities. In the year, 
charitable donations of £21,000 were made to local charities and organisations in 
addition to the free paper donated to various schools and organisations.

In these times of lockdown, the Group provided free paper to the residents of 
Kendal who visited the three main supermarkets in the town. In addition, further 
paper was sent to Lancaster Royal Infirmary for use by children in the hospital 
wards. PPE equipment was also shared with local surgeries who were struggling 
for supplies. 

Beyond the impact of Covid-19, the Board approved the second phase of solar 
panels to be installed. These panels are owned by Burneside Community Energy 
Ltd who sell all the power generated to the Group with any profits ploughed 
back into the local community.

In addition, the Group has supported the installation of a faster broadband 
network for the local community under the Broadband for the Rural North 
(B4RN) provider.

Our vision for doing business is one that delivers growth whilst also serving society, 
and is strongly aligned with the sustainable development goals. By using our 
resources as a business to address issues such as biodiversity, reforestation, upcycling 
and climate change we are delivering benefits to our stakeholders and society.

26

27

Technical Fibre Products

TECHNICAL FIBRE PRODUCTS LTD

DIVISIONAL REPORT

11%

19%

2020

16%

9%

22%

9%

4%

7%

3%

8%

22%

14%

23%

2019

11%

9%

3%

6%

4%

Aerospace

Fuel Cell

Construction

Medical

Industrial

Renewable Energy

Defence

Others

Insulation

Fuel Cell

Aerospace

Expansion

TFP supplies carbon fibre veils that  
are at the heart of every fuel cell.  
We have strong positions in this  
nascent market in both motive and  
static fuel cells. Our material can  
be found in fuel cells for cars, buses, 
trucks and trains, as well as static power 
generation fuel cells. The additional 
revenue we sold into this market more  
than compensated for the drop in sales  
into the aerospace sector.

Our share in this market is significant  
and, while current growth rates are  
strong, we do expect to benefit much  
more in the future as the hydrogen 
economy continues to gain momentum.

Last year our sales into this sector grew  
by 40%, as we benefitted in particular  
from a long-term supply agreement with 
one of our key partners. Our material is 
sold into Europe, USA and the Far East.

Renewable Energy

The introduction of novel materials 
developed in TFP for this market saw  
our sales increase by around 60% to a 
level that is now material. We expect that 
business to grow strongly again this year 
and ramp up has already started ahead  
of last year’s business.

Sales into the aerospace sector this year 
were affected by the pause in production  
of the Boeing 737 Max, Covid-19 and  
the timing of some large deliveries at  
the crossover between financial years.

We noted that as soon as Boeing announced 
their production pause, companies across 
the entire sector started to reduce stocks 
even if they didn’t directly relate to that 
particular airframe. Covid-19 prompted  
both Airbus and Boeing to shut down  
plants quite quickly, though we have seen a 
return to work in a number of locations.  
This was mirrored by the Tier 1 intermediate 
suppliers. It is clear that all airlines are flying 
at a fraction of their normal capacity and this 
will not change quickly. This is reflected in 
an immediate and sharp reduction in forecast 
aircraft deliveries this year.

Industry commentators are unusually 
consistent in agreeing that 2020 will see  
a marked reduction in demand, 2021 may 
see some recovery in deliveries but prior 
levels of growth will not resume until  
2022 at the earliest.

However, it is encouraging to note that 
certain market sectors we have focussed  
on in recent years took a good step  
forward during the year and are set  
to grow further this year.

29

Last year, I described our project to  
expand our capacity by adding a new 
factory and nonwoven line to support  
our sales growth. The building is close  
to completion and the equipment is almost 
fully built but not yet commissioned.  
The global pandemic meant that we had  
to pause all capital expenditure pro tem,  
but we do intend to restart work at the  
end of this calendar year. This revised 
timing is unlikely to restrain our growth.

People

I would like to take this opportunity  
to thank all my colleagues in TFP for  
their contribution. Our operations team 
were quick to introduce safe Covid-19 
working practices and our crews have  
done a fantastic job in keeping everything 
running. Our support teams continue to 
deliver world class outcomes for quality 
and service and our culture of innovation 
has seen us introduce new products into 
new markets year after year, reducing our 
exposure to any one particular market  
and adding value for shareholders.

Martin Thompson, TFP Managing Director

Technical Fibre Products

TFP MARKETS

FOCUS ON GROWTH

This year our report focus is on markets 
which are exhibiting significant growth, 
both on a global economic scale as  
well as for TFP specifically. 

The first is green energy, a market 
encompassing a wide range of renewable 
energies such as solar, wind, wave and fuel 
cells. The growth in this market is driven 
by the move towards an increasingly low 
carbon economy globally. Recent data 
demonstrates this growth; renewable 
energy sources are now responsible for 
26% of the world’s electricity, in the  
UK this is even higher at 40%. In October, 
a milestone was reached for renewable 
energy in the UK; for the first time in 
history the proportion of UK electricity 
generated by renewable sources surpassed 
that derived from fossil fuels. 

Half of all UK electricity generated by 
renewable sources is derived from wind 
energy, a market seeing steady growth in  
its own right. There has been an increase  
of 19% in annual installations and 10% in 
total capacity reported in 2019, the majority 
of which occurred in the biggest onshore 
markets – China and the USA. This growth 
is forecast to continue with a further 
increase of 12% in total capacity forecast 
for 2020 and is reinforced by advantages 
such as increasing cost effectiveness & 
exemption from the price uncertainty 
associated with traditional fossil fuels. 

TFP’s Optiveil® and Optimat® materials  
are well established for use in wind turbines 
and fulfil a number of functions, only some 
of which we can discuss for confidentiality 
reasons. Over the years the size and power 
of wind turbines has increased significantly, 
from 1.7 MW power and a 56m blade 
diameter in 2000 to 3MW and 100m 
diameter in 2020; to put it in context an 
on-shore turbine can now power up to 1,500 
average households and an off-shore turbine 
up to 3,300. This increase in size and blade 
diameter puts the emphasis on minimising 
the weight of the structures whilst 
maintaining strength and maximising service 
time. This is where TFP’s materials can help, 
providing a functional and resin rich surface 
finish to the blades with a minimal weight 
addition, improving the interlaminar 
toughness of the composite blade which 
reduces the susceptibility to damage or 
providing EMI shielding to nacelles. 

Wind energy is not just used for generating 
electricity, it is also a promising source  
of green hydrogen, a development that  
will not only provide a 100% renewable 
energy pathway for fuel cells, but may also 
help facilitate the deployment of hydrogen 
technology sooner than anticipated.  
The hydrogen economy is of key 
importance to TFP because it encompasses 
the fuel cell industry, in which TFP is one 
of, if not the, leading manufacturer of gas 
diffusion layer (GDL) substrate globally.

Valmont composite utility pole 

The hydrogen economy refers to  
the growing use of hydrogen as a low 
carbon energy source in transport, power 
generation and heating. At present 10EJ of 
hydrogen is used per year globally, this is 
projected to rise to 78EJ a year by 2050, 
which would fulfil 18% of the world’s 
energy demand. Increase in hydrogen usage 
will also be strengthened by decreasing 
costs; the Hydrogen Council projects a  
cost reduction of up to 50% by 2030, 
which would make hydrogen competitive 
with other low-carbon alternatives and,  
in some cases, even conventional options.

There are barriers to widespread adoption 
of hydrogen however, one of which is the 
slow development of infrastructure for 
applications such as fuel cell electric 
vehicles (FCEV’s). This is set to accelerate 
though, with plans to significantly increase 
infrastructure in countries such as USA, 
Germany, Japan and South Korea. By 2030 
Germany plans to have 1000 charging 
stations to support 1.8 million FCEVs, 
Japan 900 fuelling stations for 800,000 
FCEVs and China 1000 stations for 1 
million vehicles. South Korea predicts over 
6.2million vehicles will be operational by 
2040 and is one of the pioneers in the fuel 
cell market, both for industrial power  
and FCEVs; Hyundai’s Nexo is the most 
powerful FCEV in the market, taking just  
5 minutes to refuel and with a driving  
range of up to 413 miles.

TFP’s carbon fibre nonwovens are used 
extensively in these portable proton 
electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) 
for automotive applications such as FCEVs, 
as well as in static phosphoric acid fuel cells 
(PAFC) which provide industrial power. 
The nonwoven is used as a GDL substrate, 
the basis of the anode and cathode,  
which sits at the heart of the fuel cell.  

The application is a technically demanding 
one in terms of electrical and thermal 
conductivity, durability and chemical 
resistance, and a consistent even surface  
is essential to allow an optimum GDL  
to be manufactured. 

Both the PEMFC and PAFC markets  
are predicted to show strong growth  
over the next 5 years, the PAFC market  
has a projected CAGR of nearly 20%, 
predominantly in the Asia Pacific region. 
These large stationary fuel cells are very 
efficient (up to 90%) and provide heat  
and electricity for high energy demand 
applications such as schools, hospitals  
and data centres. 

The final growth area to be highlighted  
is fire protection, a market for which TFP 
manufactures Tecnofire®, an intumescent 
mat which expands under fire conditions  
to prevent fire spread or preserve structural 
integrity. The passive fire protection market 
was predicted to have a CAGR of 5.1% 
over the period 2019-2025, with the forecast 
growth largely attributed to the increase in 
infrastructure spending coupled with rising 
emphasis on fire protection in buildings  
by regulatory bodies. Tecnofire® is used 
extensively in a wide range of construction 

Exploded view of a fuel cell

applications, but is not limited to this  
and has also been specified for use in buses, 
trains, aircraft, bridges and architectural  
fire doors. The latest successful application 
is in composite utility poles, manufactured 
by Valmont Industries, Inc. The composite 
poles are used as transmission and 
distribution poles and have to withstand 
rigorous fire testing to ensure that they 
maintain their integrity in the event of  
a fire. This requires them to pass the USA 
Utility Company Consortium Fire Tests 
and withstand temperatures of 1150°C  
without significant structural loss.  
Valmont incorporates one of TFP’s infusible 
Tecnofire® grades into their composite 
structure to ensure the structural integrity 
of the pole in extreme fire conditions. 
Photos from the wildfire testing are  
shown below.

With the help of Tecnofire® Valmont’s 
composite utility poles successfully  
passed all the fire testing, maintaining  
their integrity under load during the 
extreme wildfire test at 1150°C, as well  
as achieving UL94 V0 and ASTM E84 
Class 1 fire standards and passing pre- and 
post-burn structural testing. Just one of 
many success stories for TFP’s products.

Pre-test (left), mid test (centre) and post test (right) wildfire testing of a Valmont utility pole 

30

31

ColourformTM

ColourformTM

Spotlight on innovation

In a year that saw the global environmental movement, Extinction Rebellion,  
reach a crescendo, it became increasingly clear that a modern consumer is 
emerging. This is a consumer which is paving the way for a future that is 
advanced, safe and sustainable. 

While ColourformTM is already responding to this and making waves in the 
packaging industry by offering brands an alternative to plastic, we recognise  
that the need for innovation and change is relentless. 

To stimulate our creative thinking, we partnered with futurologist Dr. Ian 
Pearson to explore how future influences will overhaul the role of packaging.  
He predicts a time in the near future whereby packaging with a ‘second life’, 
waste-free materials grown from fungi, integrated computer displays,  
and the use of augmented reality will all be commonplace.

To explore our role in the future of packaging, we invited established designers 
and design students to participate in a focus group. The session allowed  
us to analyse the different ways the groups approach an innovation such  
as ColourformTM, and the possibilities it offers their customers. 

The findings reaffirmed our innovation-first strategy. It also inspired further 
thinking on how we continue to lead; maintaining our position as the destination 
for premium alternatives to plastic packaging. Some of the work we are doing  
is already in line with this future thinking. 

COLOURFORMTM

DIVISIONAL REPORT

I am delighted to report an outstanding 
performance from the ColourformTM 
team in all departments. Sales increased 
by £2.3m, or 800%, making significant 
strides towards profitability. 

Our position as the destination for 
premium alternatives to plastic packaging 
grew in strength. We delivered bespoke 
moulded fibre packaging to a variety of 
brands in the cosmetics, beverages and 
smart-tech markets. 

One of our best performing projects was 
the packaging for L’Oreal’s Christmas  
and spring sales campaigns. Millions of 
consumers will have seen our moulded-
fibre inserts in gift boxes for brands such  
as Lancôme and Diesel.

We were equally pleased with the work  
we did on Ruinart Champagne’s new  
bottle wrap. As an industry first, the second 
skin case was a real step change project 
focused on reimagining the packaging 
solution as an eco-responsible innovation. 

Both projects were delivered in  
partnership with the converter Pusterla. 

Our performance was also driven by 
significant advances in productivity and 
efficiency. For example, our six machines 
operated at a significantly higher percentage 
of capacity compared to the previous year.

The ColourformTM division offers brands 
the opportunity to bring innovation and 
creativity to their sustainability challenges, 
while strengthening their identity.

To deliver on that promise, we rely on  
key partnerships with leading brands  
and converters. However, we depend  
on the ingenuity of our design team. 

They continue to push the boundaries  
of what is possible using moulded  
fibre technology, designing ground-
breaking solutions for both primary  
and secondary packaging.

specialists, machine operators and converter 
partners. Together, they look after the 
colour, form, texture, embossing, logos, 
functionality and quality of packaging; 
everything that makes the difference 
between standard and outstanding. 

Approaching the end of the year, we started 
to witness increased demand for moulded 
fibre packaging from brands in all sectors. 

We anticipate growth in opportunities  
to engage brands with our solutions, 
although we cannot predict the impact  
of Covid-19 and reduced consumer  
activity resulting from lockdowns around 
the world. 

I remain as confident as ever in the future 
of this division. I am grateful for the hard 
work of my colleagues and look forward  
to continuing our work with them as  
we build on a very successful year.

Bringing those ideas to life requires the 
expertise and experience of our colour 

Patrick Willink,  
 ColourformTM Managing Director

The reinvention of packaging 

Our latest work with Maison Ruinart  
is a shining example of the reinvention  
of packaging. In partnership with 
converter Pusterla, we had a fantastic 
opportunity to work with the  
champagne house and create its first 
100% eco-responsible packaging.

Like a second skin made of paper,  
the case follows the lines of the bottle’s 
emblematic curves and allows the integrity 
of the Maison Ruinart flavour to be 
preserved until tasting. The design is a lesson 
in marrying sustainability with a premium, 
luxury offer. The raw and sophisticated 
texture and form nods to Crayères, the 
Maison’s historic chalk-pit cellars in Reims. 

The design demonstrates Maison Ruinart’s 
commitment to sustainability without 
sacrificing exemplary design. 

Inspiring change, the new case is nine times 
lighter and reduces the brand’s carbon 
footprint by 60%, compared to the current 
generation of boxes. The ultra-light case was 
crafted from natural wood fibres sourced 
from sustainably managed European forests 
and is set to revolutionise the gift-box  
and cases market. The packaging is also 
eco-designed, using zero plastic and 
ensuring 100% recyclability.

Frédéric Dufour, President of Maison 
Ruinart says: “With this second skin case 
Maison Ruinart confirms its pioneering role 
in champagne, and its ambition in terms  
of social and environmental responsibility.  
This disruptive project embodies the 
Maison’s firm commitment to more 
sustainable development for its packaging 
across all stages of the development and 
marketing of our products, from the tending 
of the vine to the consumer experience.”

32

33

ColourformTM

Plastic-free collaboration

The health and beauty market remains 
key to the current and future success of 
our business. Our high-profile work with 
L’Oreal where we provided millions of 
moulded-fibre inserts for gift boxes, 
bolstered a new partnership with a 
challenger in the industry.

To bring its plastic-free period products to 
the market with real authenticity, Mondays 
needed a premium, plastic-free packaging 
solution. In an industry first, Mondays is 
the only period product subscription service 
to be 100% plastic-free; from product 
through to packaging.

The partnership was natural; Mondays  
also recognise the commercial value in 
responding to the consumer demand for 
brands to do better. The brief was to create  

a pretty, colourful box, made of moulded 
fibre, free from plastic, that would look 
beautiful on display and fit perfectly in  
a bathroom cabinet. Our team delivered  
on all fronts, creating a truly unique 
packaging solution. 

Nancy Saddington, co-founder of Mondays, 
says: “By setting a new, higher standard for 
circular economy packaging solutions we 
are leading by example. Consumers today 
don’t want to have to sacrifice luxury or 
aesthetics when making a plastic-free choice. 
The Mondays box looks fabulous on display 
and brings a luxurious touch to a previously 
neglected product category.”

“With ColourformTM as our partner, the 
packaging we use is completely free of  
any form of plastic.”

JAMES CROPPER PAPER PRODUCTS

Our recently refined vision for the Paper 
business is to be the best bespoke paper 
mill in the world, recognised for our 
unrivalled expertise in colour and  
leading innovation in sustainable fibre. 

This year, we took a step closer to achieving 
that vision and delighting our very 
discerning customer base. 

I am pleased that we continue to deliver  
sales growth in an operating environment 
defined by intense competition.  
However, I am most proud that we  
have returned the division to profit.

The turnaround in profitability has been 
driven by our relentless focus on higher 
value segments, supported somewhat by 
lower raw material costs albeit we are still 
faced with pulp prices that remain higher 
than the long-term average.  

Last year I made clear our strategy to grow 
our packaging business with luxury brands. 
That plan has worked. 

We have seen a significant 23% growth in 
packaging with some of the world’s biggest 
luxury brands. That is thanks to new 
customer wins and growth with existing 
customers in the fashion, consumer 
electronics and beauty sectors.

It is clear that we now have the right 
strategy and the right team in place.

In 2017 we launched CupCyclingTM,  
the commercial upcycling of used coffee 
cups. We have now given 120 million  
cups a second life as premium paper and 
packaging. Building on the remarkable 

DIVISIONAL REPORT

success of our CupCyclingTM facility over  
the past 12 months we are determined to 
increase the use of this and other recovered 
fibre in our products. 

The groundswell of interest in sustainability 
and social issues is set to continue, 
consolidating the importance of 
environmental and social governance. 
Enlightened brands are continuing to  
think of the end-to-end life cycle of their 
products and packaging. As it stands,  
an average of 24% of the fibre that we  
use for papermaking is from recovered 
streams. Our ambition is to double  
this to 50% by 2025. 

This year saw us further establish our 
position as an authority on colour.  
Taking a macro view, we launched an 
extensive report into the biggest influences 
on colour choices today. The Progressive 
Palettes report was launched to the 
packaging industry at Luxe Pack in 
Monaco supported by live colour 
demonstrations and Q&A sessions with  
the colour experts within our technical 
team. These experiential sessions caused 
quite a stir and were very well attended  
by brand managers, innovation teams  
and designers at the event. 

Our vision to be ‘the best bespoke paper 
mill’ is bold and ambitious. We are not 
there yet and have some way to go,  
but I am passionate in the belief that we  
can achieve this aim. It will require the  
will and commitment from our many  
great craftspeople and team members  
who I know share my belief.

With that in mind we embarked upon a 
major culture change journey this year; 
‘Crafting Our Future’. We asked everyone 
across the business to give us their opinions 
and ideas about how we can continually 
improve the way that we work, so that  
we can provide our customers with the  
best possible products and service levels.

We had over 5,000 comments and 
suggestions with more than 60 respondents 
volunteering to be Change Makers, 
supporting the business by identifying, 
prioritising and progressing improvement 
projects. One example is the establishment 
of an internal communication hub,  
enabling real-time communication across 
our business. It gives all employees better 
visibility on customer projects, business 
updates, community news and health & 
safety advice. This has already proved to  
be a great asset to the business in keeping 
employees updated whether at work  
or at home.

As we face an unprecedented crisis,  
it is difficult to predict how business  
and society at large will be reshaped by 
coronavirus. This is not the first storm  
that our 175-year-old business has 
weathered, and it won’t be the last. 

We know where we are headed and  
where to focus our efforts. I want  
to thank all of the team for a  
successful year and I look forward  
to continuing that success.

Steve Adams, Paper Managing Director

34

35

James Cropper Paper

PAPER - HIGHLIGHTS

Fibre in focus

This year we were delighted to partner 
with Hallmark on an artistic and creative 
expression of circular economy. 

Building on industry-leading examples  
of Tailor Made papers for packaging with 
Selfridges and Burberry, 2019 saw the paper 
division transform disposable coffee cups 
and responsibly-sourced paper pulp into  
a beautiful card collection designed by  
the high-street superbrand. 

Creating a beautifully-designed and positive 
sentiment from a morning latte really 
captures the spirit of CupCycling; a second 
life for coffee cups can often be more 
compelling and longer lasting than its first. 

Comprising 44 beautiful cards, designed 
within boutique collections, the cards  
and envelopes in the collection are  
of course 100% recyclable.

This partnership demonstrates the  
value that this precious raw material  
has, and how it can produce truly  
creative outcomes, setting a high 
benchmark for outstanding circular  
design. It also illustrates the appetite 
amongst consumers for paper and 
packaging products made from recovered 
fibre, further fuelling our ambition  
to achieve 50% recovered fibre content  
for papermaking by 2025. 

Alison Murnane, at Hallmark Cards, 
commented, “We already make Hallmark 
cards from responsibly sourced paper,  
so we were delighted to work with  
James Cropper to help drive forward 
another sustainable way to make an  
impact by taking some of today’s waste  
and turning it into a beautiful card that  
creates a lasting moment for tomorrow.”

Colour in focus 

While further establishing our position  
in the luxury market, Luxe Pack 2019 
also gave us an opportunity to throw  
a spotlight on our expertise in the art  
of colour. 

designers from across a range of sectors  
and offers unique insight into the modern 
context of colour. Unpicking what is 
influencing design choices for brands  
now and in the future.

To do this we took our acclaimed Colour 
Lab experience to Monaco from its home in 
Kendal. Our team showcased the incredible 
detail involved in our bespoke colour 
matching process, underpinned by the 2,500 
live shade recipes and an archive of some 
200,000 colours we hold on site at the mill. 

We also used Luxe Pack 2019 as the moment 
to launch our Progressive Palettes report.  
It is the result of collaboration with 

Our Luxe Pack offering demonstrated  
two fundamental areas of our business;  
our expert colour capabilities and  
our game-changing work in the 
sustainability arena. 

We continue to be uniquely placed  
to give luxury brands the opportunity to 
use high quality papers and packaging and 
incorporate circular design, all without 
compromising on beauty. 

Luxury packaging in focus 

Our strategy to grow our packaging business with luxury brands has succeeded.  
With some of the world’s most well-known fashion, beauty and technology brands  
now a part of our customer roster, we’ve achieved 23% growth in the sector. 

A demonstration of our success and continuing focus herein, is the appointment  
of our first global luxury packaging lead. Tricia Hartmann joined our global team  
in January 2020 and with strong technical expertise in printing, paper and packaging  
is responsible for the development of the luxury packaging offer across Europe,  
Asia and the USA. 

Tricia’s extensive knowledge of the international luxury packaging market  
and her passion for sustainability make her the perfect fit to drive forward  
our expansion on the international stage.

Joining from Arjowiggins Creative Papers, Tricia previously spent 10 years  
driving business development in luxury packaging across Europe and Asia.

36

37

Values and Purpose

Values and Purpose

1

“CLEARLY DEFINING AND COMMUNICATING 
OUR ‘BUSINESS IMPORTANT GOALS’ IS 
KEY TOWARDS REALISING OUR GROUPS 
ASPIRATIONS IN THESE TURBULENT TIMES.

PRO-ACTIVELY ENGAGING WITH OUR TEAM 
MEMBERS TO IDENTIFY AND FOCUS ON 
THOSE LEADING ACTIVITIES NEEDED TO 
DELIVER OUR GOALS, WILL ENABLE US 
TO CREATE THE MINDSET REQUIRED TO 
DELIVER SUSTAINABLE SUCCESS.”

DAVE WATSON,   
CHIEF OPERATIONS OFFICER

2

1. TFP Operative, Phil Coward

2. Paper Finishing, Georgia Kennedy

3.  Head of Health, Safety, Environment & Paper Quality,  

Kate Rowling with Guillotine Operator, Alan Henderson

4.  Chief Operations Officer, Dave Watson with (left)  

Paper Operative, Gareth Wells and (right) Craftperson, 
Dave Askins

5.  Blender Operator, Lyndon Montgomery

3

38

4

OUR VALUES

TRUST, DIGNITY   
AND RESPECT 

SUCCESSFUL CUSTOMERS

PROFITABILITY

CONTINUOUS LEARNING

MOTIVATED WORKFORCE

SAFETY AT WORK

COMMUNITY FOCUS

SUSTAINABILITY

5

39

Sustainability - Development Goals

Sustainability - Development Goals

SUSTAINABILITY WITH PURPOSE, IMPACT AND SCALE

W a s t e Reduction

em ent

g
a
n
a
M

r
e
t
a
W

I

n

n

o

v

a

t

i

o
n

Our Sustainability Model

H

e

a

l

t

h

&

W

ellbeing R e s p o n

g

S ourcin

s i b l e

The future growth of James Cropper PLC will continue to  
be inextricably linked to sustainability with commitments 
made to global initiatives, national programmes and local 
activities on our very doorstep all implemented in-line  
with the Group’s over-arching values.

In order to achieve sustainable growth, our business must 
respond to the challenges and opportunities of an increasingly 
resource-constrained world. We believe it is a key responsibility 
of business to help secure future economic growth aligned to 
societal needs, delivered in a fair, healthy and inclusive way.  
With the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a guide for 
our responsibility activities, and in alignment with the wider 
paper industry, we have the greatest potential to make a real and 
lasting difference, at scale.

For each area of activity, we have highlighted those SDGs that 
have the strongest links to our business and where we believe we 
can drive the biggest change. The strides we are making on our 
journey address challenges of major environmental, ethical and 
societal concern and will help to deliver both short-term and 
long-term benefits for our customers and shareholders as well  
as society.

Water Management

Waste Reduction

Innovation

Water is a fundamental to all James Cropper 
business divisions. Our focus is on managing 
our impacts on fresh water resources to meet 
rising demand for sustainable products while 
safeguarding fresh water ecosystems.

•   Our source of water, the river Kent, 

originates from a spring in the fells of  
the English Lake District which feeds 
into Kentmere reservoir situated at the 
head of the water catchment. 

•   All fresh water drawn from the river  

is conserved by water recovery systems 
on the machines, our water saving 
investments have been certified as water 
efficient technologies by DEFRA.

•   The river is classed as a Site of Special 

Scientific Interest (SSSI) as it supports a 
flourishing population of white-clawed 
crayfish and fresh water mussels, both 
species being a signifier of water purity.

•   Our focus is on efficiency in water usage 
and on maximising the return of clean 
safe water to the catchment.

•   Over 91% of water abstracted is returned 
clean to the river downstream of the mill.

•   Water is an integral part of the paper 
products we produce, they typically 
contain 7% moisture.

Our focus on operational excellence,  
not only drives efficiency improvements 
through low impact manufacturing 
techniques, but also unlocks our resource 
potential as we design waste out of our 
processes and create sustainable product 
solutions as part of the circular economy.

•   Our commitment is in creating  

high quality products that play an 
important role in product design, 
be that light-weighting for aircraft  
or wind turbines, or paper products  
that are easily recycled after use.

•   Waste from our own paper and 

Colourform™ production is recycled 
on-site into new paper products.

•   Fibrous waste from the mill’s de-watering 

We play an important role in creating 
business opportunities, investing in local 
infrastructure and driving innovation and 
collaboration to achieve change and tackle 
many of the challenges we face.

•   As well as manufacturing and creating 

paper products and moulded packaging 
from renewable sources, the business  
has invested in innovations dedicated  
to cutting waste and helping to tackle  
the issues we face.

•   Our unique CupCycling™ facility 
enables us to upcycle disposable 
single-use paper cups, in collaboration 
with coffee retailers, waste management 
companies and brands we are helping to 
drive a positive change in recycling. 

plant is used as a soil improver on  
local farmland, approved by the 
Environment Agency.

•   The cups are given a second life  

as beautiful papers and consumer  
packaging such as Colourform™. 

•   Zero to landfill - what we cannot recycle 
ourselves on-site is collected by our local 
waste management company, of this 
typically 80% is recycled and 20%  
goes to Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF).

•   Over 15% of James Cropper’s  

employees are involved with research 
and development activities and the 
company has invested over £8 million  
in the last 3 years.

•   With CupCycling™ we have upcycled 
120 million disposable coffee cups into 
paper products and packaging.

•   We create paper and packaging solutions 

for the circular economy, and are a 
signatory to the Ellen MacArthur  
global commitment.

•   The graduate intake programme now 
benefits each business supported by 
regular recruitment programmes working 
with high performing universities.

•   The business created the Technology  
and Innovation Directorate in 2014, 
taking a strong long-term view on 
strategy and investment.

40

41

 
 
Sustainability - Development Goals

Sustainability - SECR Report

STREAMLINED ENERGY & CARBON REPORT

This is the first year that the Company 
has reported on the level of energy 
consumed in the UK and will be used  
to set targets to reduce the levels of 
carbon emissions and increase the use  
of renewable energy whilst ensuring we 
operate our assets to get the best value 
while maintaining security of supply.

Greenhouse gas emissions 

Scope 1 Direct emissions 

Direct emissions from burning of fossil fuels 

Transport: company owned or leased vehicles 

Energy use

Total Scope 1 Direct emissions 

The underlying energy data used to 
calculate carbon emissions includes 
electricity, gas and other fuels purchased  
for use on-site and for transport.

This year we used 210.9GWh of energy, 
which will be used as our baseline year. 

Energy efficiency action

During the year, further roof space was  
let to Burneside Community Energy Ltd  
to place more solar panels on our roof space 
with all solar energy generated purchased by 
the Company. In the year, 298,000kWh of 
solar energy were purchased. In addition, 
the Company purchases hydro energy from 
Ellergreen Estate, purchasing a total of 
229,000kWh of hydro energy in the year.

Scope 2 Indirect emissions 

Grid electricity purchased 

Scope 2 Indirect emissions 

Gross Carbon Emissions 

Avoided emissions from renewable electricity purchased 

Total avoided emissions 

Net Carbon Emissions 

Greenhouse gas emissions intensity ratio 

52 weeks ended  
28 March 2020 
tCO2e

Carbon emissions per £100,000 revenue 

tCO2e 

37.30

52 weeks ended  
28 March 2020 
tCO2e

36,007

568

36,575 

2,611

2,611 

39,186 

(145 )

(145 )

39,041

Energy Strategy

We are embarking on a programme to 
dramatically cut our carbon emissions 
significantly ahead of national 
decarbonisation targets.

2050

UK ‘net zero’

Long-term energy 
strategy to eliminate 
dependence on  
fossil fuels

Energy compliance, 
data acquisition  
and analysis

JC Emissions
39,041 Tonnes/year

2030

Reduction in  
energy usage through 
modest investment 
and campaigns

Efficient operation  
of the power plant

2020

Responsible Sourcing

Health & Wellbeing

We are taking steps to develop a responsible 
and sustainable supply chain, and are 
committed to transparency and openness in 
our dealings with our supply chain partners. 

•   The business has a zero tolerance 

approach to any form of modern slavery 
and we are committed to acting in an 
ethical manner and with integrity and 
transparency in our business dealings.

•   100% of fresh fibre, our primary raw 
material, is sourced from sustainably 
managed European forests and certified 
to FSC® or PEFC® chain of custody.

•   Chain of custody ensures from harvest 

site to end product, there is effective fibre 
traceability to provide assurance of the 
legality of wood, biodiversity and 
sustainable land use practices throughout. 

•   Managed forestry in Europe is bucking 
the global forestry trend and continues 
to drive forest growth, a key component 
of many countries in the fight against 
climate change.

•   24% of our fibre input for papermaking 

is from recycled sources.

•   Within our own business our approach 
to packaging is paper where possible, 
plastic when useful.

We have a 24-hour mind-set focused  
on health, safety and wellbeing at work  
and also at home. 

•   Our organisation provides diverse, 

rewarding employment and opportunity 
for personal growth, our commitment  
to people is core to the Group’s values.

•   The business operates a Better Health  
at Work scheme, promoting and raising 
awareness of health matters. 

•   We have nearly 50 trained mental  

health first aiders and over 20 health 
advocates across the business.

•   As standard, we provide all of our 

employees with healthcare insurance 
plans that contribute towards everyday 
healthcare bills and offer a wide range  
of other well-being benefits.

•   The annual Pride Awards celebrate 

employees going “above and beyond” 
demonstrating significant improvements, 
creativity and selflessly giving time to 
good causes.

•   Support for Community Energy,  
not only delivers renewable solar  
energy to the mill, but profits benefit 
environmental and social projects  
in our local parish of Burneside.

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43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRIDE EXCELLENCE AWARDS

Created as an opportunity for employees to directly show 
their appreciation for colleagues across the James Cropper 
Group, the Pride Excellence Awards have evolved from  
an annual event to a year-round initiative with quarterly 
‘winners’ in the categories of innovation, creativity, customer 
service and safety. Those who contributed their time and  
skills for the benefit of community were also included.

Selecting the overall winners for 2019/2020 will take place  
once the Coronavirus pandemic has subsided and business 
activities resume to normal levels.

Following are examples of teams and individuals who were 
successfully nominated for the 2019/20 quarterly Pride Excellence 
Awards. Each recipient demonstrating diligence, initiative and 
innovative approaches to making tangible improvement 
contributions in one of the four categories identified:

Team Award for Motivated Workforce: March 2019 

PM3 Machine Crew - Papermaking

A team-wide commitment to excellence has been an example  
to other departments and delivered on the quality ethos of the 
James Cropper brand, the crew’s output saw a record low figure 
in product defects thereby saving approximately £55,000 in 
unnecessary repeat manufacture.

The PM3 Machine Crew comprise 5 people working across 
different shifts, yet their excellent approach to communication, 
cross-team collaboration, and a willingness to encourage 
innovation and adopt new ideas have resulted in a significant 
improvement to machine operation and production output.

45

Pride Excellence Awards

People - The Big Listen

Individual Award for Safety at Work: June 2019 

Marcus Deacon - TFP Production

Delivering machine wire to TFP in large 90kg crates ensured that the production 
component arrived well-protected but presented difficulties for subsequent handling. 
The crates would be moved to the basement stores and held on racks. When required on 
the production line, this meant a two-man operation that also required a pallet truck. 

Marcus took it upon himself to find and implement a solution to this  
cumbersome activity, one which also presented potential for personal injury.

On receipt of a new wire we now transfer them from the heavy crates into a 12” centre, 
thereby reducing the weight to 25kg with lifting now a more manageable activity. 

Marcus sourced centres of the correct diameter and length, along with the end caps.  
He also designed new racking to hold them on, created appropriate labelling for the 
centres and arranged for disposal of heavy crates. His actions have eliminated a manual 
handling risk and improved the TFP production line.

Individual Award for  
Profitable Growth: August 2019

Paul Sayner - Paper Reel Transporter

Reducing ‘broke’ in papermaking is a 
perennial focus and one which has a 
tangible impact on the bottom line of the 
Group – quite simply, less waste equates  
to money saved. Numerous solutions  
have been introduced over the years,  
each contributing to varying degrees. 

Paul came up with an innovative idea to road 
marking paint that raises just high enough 
off the ground to prevent the large paper 
rolls (‘webs’) from rolling away from their 
intended position and potentially becoming 
damaged or causing damage themselves.

This solution will decrease the potential 
risk of uncontrolled rolling webs and will 
also help drivers be more efficient when 
collecting the webs.

Individual Award for Community 
Focused: February 2020 

Stan Wilson - Warehouse and Transport

Stan demonstrated his commitment to 
supporting the local community by setting 
about raising money to fund the Burneside 
village Christmas tree. Liaising with 
associates and contacts in our network 
 of national haulage firms, Stan received 
donations of numerous items for raffle 
prizes and which realised over £3,000 for 
the Christmas tree fund. Furthermore,  
Stan dedicated much of his own free time 
putting in the footings to support the tree, 
and also helped putting the tree up.

THE BIG LISTEN

James Cropper has been successfully 
producing beautiful paper for over 175 
years and is the last independent mill  
of its kind in the UK. During that time, 
the business has implemented significant 
changes to ensure it continues to be a 
profitable, sustainable and responsible 
business with the reputation of the 
business testament to this. 

In October and November 2019,  
we invited all of our papermaking 
employees to participate in an  
engagement and discovery event titled 
‘The Big Listen’, the purpose being  
to involve everyone and have their say  
in the future of the Paper Division as  
a single, customer-focused operation  
to deliver our three core value 
propositions; Streamline, Tailor-Made  
and Partnership Private Label.

The response from employees  
was quite fantastic, with:

•   368 participants in ‘The Big Listen’ events

•   5,000+ comments and  

improvement ideas received

•   85% attendance from across the whole 
Paper Making business / Group support

•   36 trained facilitators from across  

all parts of the organisation

Topics covered during the sessions included:

•  The future vision for the Paper Division

•   The different working environments  

at the Burneside Mill

•   Relationships between teams,  
supply chain and customers

•   Internal and external communication

From across the various teams in the Paper 
Division, a number of ‘Change Makers’ have 
stepped forward to help implement some  
of the initial improvements. These have been 
supported with coaching and training on 
how best to further engage their colleagues 
and help new practices become embedded  
to give them the best chance of success.

46

47

People - Continuous Learning

CONTINUOUS LEARNING

The James Cropper Group place great 
emphasis on encouraging personal 
development for employees in all roles  
and across all divisions. This approach is 
aimed at building on existing skills and,  
by continued investment in our team 
members learning, to maximise 
performance at all levels in the company.

James Cropper currently support  
30 apprenticeship programmes at,  
18 in engineering and 12 in Business 
Administration and Leadership.  
The golden thread running through  
these personal development activities  
being that it directly supports succession 
planning across the Group.

We have also supported the development  
of 49 employees throughout 2019  
beyond the apprenticeships and graduate 
programme by investing in additional 
training and development activities  
that enhance both technical qualifications 
and personal effectiveness. 

Technical Graduates

We are extremely proud to acknowledge that this year has marked the 
completion of our inaugural technical graduate programme in the Paper 
business. This initiative was created with the aim of developing future 
leaders and technical experts to support the growth of papermaking. 

We were delighted to congratulate all four of our graduates on 
successfully completing their development programme and securing 
career advancing roles at James Cropper. Each have demonstrated an 
ability to apply their academic learning in a multitude of practical 
applications that have delivered sustainable performance improvements. 

A further four Graduates, Heidi Jones, Chevonne Irving, Anna Driscoll 
and Alex Larkin, have joined us in 2019 and are currently undertaking 
their first development module to become a Lean Six Sigma Green Belt.

Three of our graduates, 2018

We wish them every success as they progress through their programme. 

48

CONTENTS

STRATEGIC REPORT 

03

Financial Highlights 

Financial Summary 

Chairman’s Letter 

Chief Executive’s Review 

Covid-19 Report 

Chief Financial Officer's Review 

The Pension Report 

Risk Management 

Stakeholders Relationship Statement 

Technical Fibre Products 

ColourformTM 

James Cropper Paper 

Values and Purpose 

Sustainability 

Streamlined Energy & Carbon Report 

Pride Excellence Awards 

People 

GOVERNANCE 

Board of Directors 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Report of the Audit Committee 

Report of the Remuneration Committee 

QCA Principles 

Directors’ Report 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Statement of Financial Position 

Statement of Cash Flows 

Statement of Changes In Equity 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

Shareholder Information 

49

50

52

56

57

62

63

65

Board of Directors

Board of Directors

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Mark Cropper 

Chairman

Dave Watson 

Chief Operations Officer

Appointed: October 2006

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Nominations (Chair),  
Audit, Remuneration, Pension

Qualifications: MA

Experience: Mark is the sixth generation of the Cropper family 
to hold this position. Following university, he pursued a career 
in environmental finance.

External appointments: Ellergreen Hydro Projects Ltd 
(Director), Rydal Hydro Ltd (Director), Scandale Hydro Ltd 
(Director), Fisherplace Hydro Ltd (Director), Kendal Futures 
CIC (Director), Ellergreen (Trustees) Ltd (Director)

Appointed: January 2014

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive

Qualifications: BEng (Hons)

Experience: Dave previously worked for 3M where he  
held roles covering industrial, automotive, pharmaceutical,  
and secure documents and systems markets.

External appointments: -

Phil Wild 

Chief Executive Officer

Patrick Willink  

MD ColourformTM Division

Appointed: October 2012

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive (Chair)

Qualifications: BEng (Hons)

Experience: Phil previously worked for 3M where he held a 
number of directorships and roles covering industrial, healthcare, 
automotive and security market sectors.

External appointments: CBI (Counsellor)

Appointed: March 1998

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive, Pension

Qualifications: BSc MBA

Experience: Patrick is a member of the Willink family, joining the 
Group in 1990, appointed Chief Technology Officer in 2014 and 
instrumental in the creation of the ColourformTM division. He was 
President of the Confederation of Paper Industries Ltd from 2014 
to 2019. Patrick has been appointed Managing Director of the 
ColourformTM division with effect from 1 June 2020.

External appointments: Confederation of Paper Industries Ltd 
(Director)

Isabelle Maddock 

Chief Financial Officer

Dr Andrew Hosty  

Senior Independent Non-Executive Director

Appointed: July 2014

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive, Pension (Chair)

Qualifications: BSc, FCMA

Experience: Isabelle is a fellow of the Chartered Institute of 
Management Accountants with experience in finance across a 
variety of sectors including manufacturing, software, retail, 
facilities management and publishing, before joining the 
Company in 2006.

External appointments: CBI Economic Growth Board  
(Vice Chair)

Appointed: August 2018

Independent: Yes

Committee Memberships: 
Audit, Remuneration, 
Nomination

Qualifications: PhD

Experience: Andrew pursued a career in industry culminating  
in his appointment as COO of Morgan Ceramics and COO of 
Morgan advanced Materials PLC. Most recently he was founding 
CEO of the Sir Henry Royce Institute for Advanced materials.

External appointments: Rights and issues Investment Trust PLC 
(Director), Mom Incubators Ltd (Director), RHI Magnesita PLC 
(Director), Nexeon Ltd (Director)

Steve Adams 

MD Paper Division

Jim Sharp  

Non-Executive Director

Appointed: January 2017

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive

Qualifications: BA (Hons)

Experience: Steve previously worked for 3M where he held 
directorships and roles both in the UK and Europe covering 
display, traffic and vehicle safety, telecommunications, 
electronics and energy markets.

External appointments: -

Appointed: September 2009

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Audit (Chair), Remuneration, 
Nomination, Pension

Qualifications: MA

Experience: Jim began his career in financial services with  
J. Henry Schroder & Co. from 1992 to 2002, where he was  
a Director. Since then he has held senior roles with a number  
of private equity backed businesses.

External appointments: In The Style (Chairman),  
Seraphine (Chairman), The Brunner Investment  
Trust PLC (Director), Feelunique (Chairman)

Martin Thompson 

MD TFP Division

Lyndsey Scott  

Non-Executive Director

Appointed: June 2013

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Executive

Qualifications: MBA

Experience: Prior to joining the group in 2003, Martin held 
directorships covering technical, general management and 
multi-site divisional director roles.

External appointments: -

Appointed: August 2019

Independent: No

Committee Memberships: 
Remuneration (Chair),  
Audit, Nomination

Experience: Lyndsey has spent most of her career in  
multi-national organisations and management consultancy across 
different sectors, most recently with International Personal Finance 
PLC as Chief Human Resources Officer. She brings experience  
in strategy creation, planning and delivery of large scale  
cultural and performance change management and governance.

Qualifications: BA DPM  
Grad IPM

External appointments: International Personal Finance PLC 
(Chief HR Officer)

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51

Corporate Governance Statement

Corporate Governance Statement

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE STATEMENT

As a Board, we remain committed to maintaining high standards of corporate  
governance. The Directors place a significant emphasis on ensuring that the  
Group has the appropriate governance structures in place. 

The Board adopted the QCA Corporate Governance Code in 2018 considering it to  
be a pragmatic and practical governance tool committed to high standards of corporate 
governance facilitating efficient, effective and entrepreneurial management of the Company.

Board responsibility  
and strategic direction

The Board acknowledges its collective 
responsibility for ensuring the long-term 
success of the Group by demonstrating 
strong leadership, setting strategy and 
business models, managing performance 
and ensuring the necessary resources  
are in place to deliver. It also holds itself 
accountable for looking after the needs of 
all its stakeholders, including employees, 
pensioners, shareholders and the broader 
community and environment.

Both I and the Non-Executive Directors 
are fully supportive of the strategic direction 
being taken by the executive team.  
The Strategic Report is on pages 04  
to 26 in the Annual Report.

Sub – committees

There are five sub – committees reporting 
to the Board:

•  Executive Committee

•  Remuneration Committee

•  Audit Committee

All committees continue to exercise  
their duties in compliance with  
all relevant legislation, regulation  
and guidance. During the year the 
Nomination Committee completed their 
search for a new Non-executive Director 
following the decision by David Wilks to 
retire. Lyndsey Scott was appointed on  
1 August and has taken on the role of  
Chair of the Remuneration Committee.  
The Pensions Committee is currently 
monitoring the next triennial  
funding valuation.

All sub-committees continue to  
be supported by both internal and,  
where relevant, external advisers to  
ensure their duties are satisfactorily  
and professionally fulfilled.

Stakeholder engagement

The Board is keen to ensure ongoing  
and effective communication with  
all stakeholders. Further reading on 
stakeholder engagement can be found in 
our Section 172 (1) statement on pages 26 
to 27.

•  Nomination Committee

Mark Cropper, Chairman

•  Pensions Committee

22 June 2020

"I AM PLEASED  

TO INTRODUCE 

THE CORPORATE 

GOVERNANCE REPORT 

FOR THE PERIOD 

ENDED 28 MARCH 2020. 

THIS REPORT INCLUDES 

MY STATEMENT AND  

THE CORPORATE 

GOVERNANCE REPORT."

Governance Statement

The Chairman

Board Committees

The Company’s shares are listed on AIM 
and are subject to the AIM Rules of the 
London Stock Exchange. Under AIM  
rule 26, the Company has adopted the 
QCA Corporate Governance Code  
(2018 edition). The choice of code to  
adopt was important to us. 

We wanted to be sure that we would 
proactively embrace whatever code we 
opted for and not end up with a code that 
would stifle us and result, on a comply or 
explain basis, with us describing why 
certain requirements were not appropriate. 

We believe that the QCA Code provides  
us with the right governance framework:  
a flexible but rigorous outcome-orientated 
environment in which we can continue to 
develop our governance model to support 
our business.  

Role of the Board

The role of the Board is to establish  
the vision and strategy for the Group,  
to deliver shareholder value and be 
responsible for the long-term success  
of the Group. Individual members of the 
Board have equal responsibility for the 
overall stewardship, management and 
performance of the Group and for the 
approval of its long-term objectives and 
strategic plans.

The Board continues to have a balance  
of Executive and Non-Executive Directors. 
Currently, the Board comprises  
a Non-Executive Chairman, three  
Non-Executive Directors and six  
Executive Directors.

The members of the Board maintain  
the appropriate balance of experience, 
independence and knowledge of the 
Company to enable them to discharge  
their respective duties and responsibilities 
and to ensure that the requirements of the 
business can be met.

Division of responsibilities

There is a clear division of responsibilities 
between the role of the Chairman and  
that of the Chief Executive Officer of  
the Group. The primary responsibility  
of the Chairman is to lead and manage  
the Board and that of the Chief Executive  
is to manage the business of the Group.

Mark Cropper is the Chairman. He is 
responsible for leading and managing the 
Board and ensuring its effectiveness in all 
aspects of its role. He works closely with 
the Chief Executive on developing Group 
strategy and provides general advice  
and support.

The Chief Executive Officer

Phil Wild is the Company’s Chief Executive. 
His principal responsibility is to manage the 
Group’s business and to lead the Executive 
Committee in delivering the Group’s 
strategic and operational objectives.

The Non-Executive Directors

Two of the Non-Executive Directors, 
including the Chairman, although deemed 
not to be independent under the QCA 
Code, are considered by the Board to  
be independent in both character and 
judgement and provide unequivocal  
counsel and advice to the Board. 

All of the Non-Executive Directors 
constructively challenge the Executive 
Directors and help develop proposals on 
strategy, including satisfying themselves on 
the integrity of financial information and 
ensuring financial controls and systems of 
risk management are robust. All Non-
Executive Directors are members of the 
Remuneration, Nomination and Audit 
Committees. On 1 August 2019, Lyndsey 
Scott, a new Non-Executive Director, was 
appointed to the Board bringing greater 
independence, counsel and advice.

The operation of the Board

The Board has the authority for ensuring 
that the Group is appropriately managed 
and achieves the strategic objectives it sets. 
To achieve this, the Board reserves certain 
matters for its own determination including 
matters relating to Group strategy, approval 
of interim and annual financial results, 
dividend policy, major capital expenditure, 
budgets, monitoring performance, treasury 
policy, risk management, corporate 
governance and the effectiveness of its 
internal control systems. The Board 
performs its responsibilities through an 
annual programme of meetings and by 
continuous monitoring of the performance 
of the Group.

The Board has delegated specific authority 
to the Audit Committee, Nomination 
Committee, Remuneration Committee  
and Pension Committee.

Jim Sharp is the Chair of the Audit 
Committee which also comprises the  
other Non-Executive Directors. The Audit 
Committee has the primary responsibility 
for monitoring the quality of internal 
controls, ensuring that the financial 
performance of the Group is properly 
measured and reported on and reviewing 
reports from the Group’s auditors relating 
to the Group’s accounting and internal 
controls. The Audit Committee meets at 
least three times a year.

Mark Cropper is the Chair of the 
Nomination Committee which also 
comprises the other Non-Executive 
Directors. The Nomination Committee 
will identify and nominate, for approval  
by the Board, candidates to fill Board 
vacancies as and when they arise.  
The Nomination Committee will meet  
as and when required. During the year,  
The Nomination Committee completed a 
search for a new Non-Executive Director 
resulting in the appointment of Lyndsey 
Scott on 1 August 2019.

Lyndsey Scott is the Chair of the 
Remuneration Committee which also 
comprises the other Non-Executive 
Directors. The Remuneration Committee 
reviews the performance of the Executive 
Directors and determines their terms and 
conditions of service, including their 
remuneration and the grant of options.  
The Remuneration Committee will  
meet at least twice a year.

Isabelle Maddock is the Chair of the 
Pension Committee which also comprises 
Mark Cropper, Jim Sharp and Patrick 
Willink. The Pension Committee has the 
primary responsibility for reviewing and 
approving the objectives of the James 
Cropper Plc Pension Schemes on all 
material matters of importance. It monitors 
performance of the Schemes and considers 
recommendations and reports from 
management in relation to policy and 
strategy concerning pensions and 
investment matters. The Pension 
Committee meets as and when required 
throughout the year.

52

53

Corporate Governance Statement

Corporate Governance Statement

Board and Committee Meetings

The Board holds six Board meetings 
throughout the year, scheduled to coincide 
with the internal financial reporting timetable 
of the Company and key events including 
interim and final results, and the AGM. 

Specific strategic topics are reviewed at every 
Board meeting, in addition to two strategy 
days also held during the year. The Board’s 
responsibilities are discharged with reviews  
of monthly reports from the Executive 
Committee including conference calls with 
the Chief Executive and Chief Financial 
Officer with further ad hoc meetings held  
as and when required.

Board Meetings (6)  Meetings attended

Mark Cropper 
Phil Wild 
Steve Adams 
Isabelle Maddock 
Martin Thompson 
Dave Watson 
Patrick Willink 
Andrew Hosty 
Jim Sharp 
Lyndsey Scott 

6 
5 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
4

Board members are supplied with financial 
and operational information in good time 
for review in advance of meetings both  
via an electronic portal and in hard copy.

All Directors have access to the advice  
and services of the Company Secretary.  
The Board approves the appointment  
and removal of the Company Secretary.  
The Non-Executive Directors are able  
to contact the Executive Directors, 
Company Secretary or Senior Managers  
at any time for further information.

EFFECTIVENESS

Board Composition

A strong feature of the Board’s effectiveness 
in delivering the strategy is our inclusive 
and open style of management and a free 
flow of information between the Executive 
and Non-Executive Directors. 

The size of our Board encourages 
individuals to discuss matters openly and 
freely and to make a personal contribution 
through the exercise of their personal skills 
and experience. No individual or group of 
individuals dominate the Board’s decision 
making process.

All Directors communicate with each other 
on a regular basis and contact with senior 
executives within the Group is sought  
and encouraged.

Diversity 

Vacancies on the Board are filled following 
a rigorous evaluation of candidates who 
possess the required balance of skills, 
knowledge and experience, using 
recruitment consultants where appropriate. 
The process for the appointment of 
Non-Executive Directors is managed by 
the Nomination Committee. 

The Company recognises the importance  
of diversity at Board level and the Board 
comprises individuals with a wide range of 
skills and experience from a variety of 
business backgrounds. Our current female 
representation on the Board is 20%. 

Appointment of  
Non-Executive Directors

Non-Executive Directors are appointed to 
the Board following a formal, rigorous and 
transparent process, involving external 
recruitment agencies, to select individuals 
who have a depth and breadth of relevant 
experience, thus ensuring that the selected 
candidates will be capable of making an 
effective and relevant contribution to the 
Board. The process for the appointment of 
Non-Executive Directors is managed by 
the Nomination Committee.  

Terms of appointment  
and time commitment

All Non-Executive Directors are employed 
on contracts of one month’s notice by 
either side. All Non-Executive Directors 
are expected to devote such time as is 
necessary for the proper performance  
of their duties. Directors are expected to 
attend all Board meetings and committee 
meetings of which they are members and 
any additional meetings as required. 

Training and development needs of 
Directors are reviewed regularly.  
The Directors are kept appraised of 
developments in legal, regulatory and 
financial matters affecting the Group  
from the Company Secretary, the Chief 
Executive, the Chief Financial Officer and 
the Group’s external auditors and advisers.

Professional advice

All Directors have access to the advice  
and services of the Company Secretary.  
The Board has also established a formal 
procedure whereby Directors, wishing  
to do so in the furtherance of their duties,  
may take independent professional advice, 
if necessary, at the Group’s expense. 

All Directors are aware of their 
responsibility to regularly update  
their skills and knowledge.

Board and Committee evaluation

The performance evaluation of the  
Board, its Committees and Directors is 
undertaken by the Chairman annually  
and implemented in collaboration with  
the Committee Chairs.

During the year a comprehensive  
Board effectiveness evaluation was 
undertaken. The evaluation process 
commenced with the completion  
of a questionnaire for each separate  
review, compilation of a summary  
of the results and feedback obtained 
followed by discussion between the 
participants. The Board recognises  
that evaluation of its performance is 
important in enabling it to realise its 
maximum potential. 

The process gives the Directors the 
opportunity to identify areas for 
improvement both jointly and individually 
through the use of questionnaires and  
open discussion.

Election and re-election of Directors

Induction and professional 
development

New Directors are given a formal induction 
process including details of how the Board 
and Committees operate, meetings with 
Senior Management and information on 
Group strategy, products and performance. 

At each Annual General meeting the 
shareholders shall vote on resolutions  
to both elect any Director who has  
been appointed since the last Annual 
General Meeting and also re-elect any 
Director who has not been appointed, 
elected or re-elected at one of the two 
previous Annual General Meetings.  

Due to the impact of the Covid-19 
pandemic and the social distancing 
guidelines, the AGM this year will be held 
behind closed doors with the minimum 
number of Directors as stipulated in the 
Company’s Articles, attending in person. 
The rest of the Board will attend using 
social media. In view of this, the Board 
encourages all shareholders to use their 
proxy cards to vote on the resolutions 
proposed at the AGM. In addition, the 
Board will be encouraging shareholders 
who may have any questions that they 
had intended to raise at the AGM to 
either write in to the Company Secretary 
or send their questions by email.   
The Company will be setting up a 
designated email address for such 
questions details of which will be 
provided in the Notice of the AGM.

Jim Aldridge, Company Secretary

22 June 2020 

shareholders, mainly in the periods 
following the announcement of the interim 
and final results, but also at other times 
during the year. The Board encourages  
the participation of shareholders at its 
Annual General Meeting, notice of  
which can be found on the Company’s 
website. The Company’s website ‘www.
jamescropper.com’ is regularly updated  
and provides additional information on the 
Group. Notification of the Annual General 
Meeting will be circulated to shareholders 
three weeks before the date of the meeting. 
Feedback from the shareholders attending 
the Annual General Meeting and attendees 
at presentations to major shareholders  
and potential investors are discussed  
by the Board. 

Andrew Hosty is the Senior Independent 
Non-Executive Director

Annual General Meeting

At every AGM, Directors provide updates 
on the progress of the business and insights 
into different areas of the business, and 
allows the opportunity for questions on 
this or any of the resolutions before the 
meeting. The Company proposes separate 
resolution for each issue and specifically 
relating to the Reports and Accounts.  
The Company ensures all proxy votes are 
counted and indicates the level of proxies 
on each resolution along with the 
abstentions after it has been dealt  
with on a show of hands.

After the meeting, shareholders have  
the opportunity to talk informally to  
the Board and raise any further questions 
or issues they may have.

Any Non-Executive Directors with service 
greater than nine years are subject to 
re-election at each Annual General Meeting.

Risk Management

The Group’s corporate objective is to 
maximise long-term shareholder value.  
In doing so, the Directors recognise that 
creating value is a reward for taking and 
accepting risk. The Directors consider risk 
management to be crucial to the Group’s 
success and give a high priority to ensuring 
that adequate systems are in place to 
evaluate and limit risk exposure.

Internal Control

The Board are responsible for the  
Group’s system of internal control and for 
reviewing its effectiveness. In the context  
of the Group’s business any such system 
can only reasonably be expected to manage 
rather than eliminate risks arising from its 
operations. It can therefore only provide 
reasonable and not absolute assurance 
against material loss or misstatement.

Going Concern

In carrying out their duties in respect of 
going concern, the Directors carry out a 
review of the Group’s financial position 
and cash flow forecasts for the foreseeable 
future. These are based on a comprehensive 
review of revenue, expenditure and cash 
flows, taking into account specific business 
risks and the current economic 
environment. For further details on Going 
Concern and the possible impact of the 
Covid-19 pandemic, please refer to the 
CEO Review (pages 08 to 12) and the CFO 
Review (pages 13 to 17) 

Relations with shareholders

The Board appreciates that effective 
communication with the Company’s 
shareholders and the investment 
community as a whole is a key objective. 
The Chairman’s Statement, the Chief 
Executive’s Statement and the Strategic 
Report and Financial Review, together with 
the information in the Annual Report of 
the Group, provide a detailed review of the 
business. The Executive Directors have 
overall responsibility for ensuring effective 
communication and the Company 
maintains a regular dialogue with its 

54

55

Report of the Audit Committee

Report of the Remuneration Committee

REPORT OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

REPORT OF THE REMUNERATION COMMITTEE

The Audit Committee provides independent scrutiny and challenge to ensure that the 
Group always presents a true and fair view of its performance, focusing on the accuracy, 
integrity and communication of financial reporting.

Composition

External audit

The Committee comprises the four 
Non-Executive Directors. Two of the 
members have been on the Committee  
for over nine years. David Wilks resigned 
as a Non-Executive Director and a member 
of the Committee on 31 July 2019.  
Lyndsey Scott was appointed as a 
Non-Executive Director on 1 August 2019 
and joined the Committee with effect from 
that date. All Committee members have 
relevant knowledge both of the sectors in 
which the Group operates and of the 
Group itself, and are considered to have 
appropriate knowledge and understanding 
of financial matters. The Committee is 
regularly supported by the Chief Executive, 
Chief Financial Officer and Company 
Secretary. This composition allows the 
Committee to maintain appropriate levels 
of objectivity and independence when 
providing assurance over the Group’s 
systems, operations and financial probity

Role of the Committee

The Committee operates under formal 
terms of reference. The Committee’s 
agenda included the regular matters 
reserved for its review during the annual 
financial reporting cycle which has ensured 
it has appropriately discharged its 
responsibilities during the year, having 
operated in compliance with relevant legal, 
regulatory and other responsibilities.

Auditors

BDO were appointed as auditors by the 
Board in December 2018, following a 
recommendation by the Audit Committee 
after a comprehensive tender process, and 
subsequently reappointed by shareholders at 
the Annual General Meeting in June 2019.  

The Committee is responsible for overseeing 
relations with the external auditor, including 
the approval of their terms of engagement 
and makes recommendations to the Board 
on their remuneration and appointment and, 
where appropriate, reappointment based on 
reviews of audit effectiveness.

The Committee meets with the Auditor 
every year to review and agree the audit 
plan. In addition, the Auditor reports back 
to the Audit Committee on the outcome 
and findings following each audit. 

The Committee continues to provide 
independent and robust challenge to 
management and our auditors to ensure 
there are effective and high quality controls 
in place and appropriate judgements made.

Principal risks

The principal risks were reviewed during 
the year and are constantly considered  
by the Board throughout the year.  
Our principal risks can be found on pages 
21 to 25 in the Strategic Report section of 
the Annual Report. We continue to develop 
our cultural people-driven approach to risk 
management, which we believe encourages 
focus on prevention rather than reaction to 
risks arising.

The committee have the right mix of skills 
and experience to provide constructive 
challenge and support to management.  
We consider relevant corporate governance 
requirements and give considerable focus  
to the Group’s risk management framework 
and processes.

Jim Sharp, Chair to the Audit Committee

22 June 2020

"I AM PLEASED TO 

INTRODUCE THE   

AUDIT COMMITTEE 

REPORT FOR THE 

PERIOD ENDED  

28 MARCH 2020.  

IN THESE 

UNPRECEDENTED 

TIMES, THE AUDIT 

COMMITTEE HAS  

BEEN REVIEWING   

THE ADDITIONAL 

CHALLENGES ON   

THE BUSINESS OF THE 

COVID -19 PANDEMIC 

AND MONITORING THE 

ACTIONS TAKEN BY THE 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS 

TO ENSURE THAT THE 

BUSINESS EMERGES 

OUT OF THE PANDEMIC 

AS A STRONGER GROUP 

AND BACK ON TRACK 

WITH ITS PLANS FOR 

GROWTH."

I am very pleased to present my first Report of the Remuneration Committee following 
my appointment as a Non-Executive Director and Chair of this Committee in April. 
Following a year of success and recovery from the impact of pulp pricing over the last  
two years, we now find ourselves in unprecedented times. 

The Remuneration Committee has been very impressed with the dedication and planning  
of the Executive team as the global pandemic started to impact the business, with the 
primary focus on the health and wellbeing of our employees, followed by plans to  
preserve cash and continue the growth of the business.

Business context and  
Remuneration Committee  
decisions on remuneration

It is our intention that the remuneration 
policy reflects and is aligned with the 
Group’s long-term strategy and supports 
the achievement of the strategic objectives.

The remainder of this report is split  
into the following two sections:

•   Annual Report on Remuneration 

providing details of the payments made 
to Directors in the period ended 28 
March 2020.

•   Directors’ Remuneration Policy setting 

out the Group’s forward looking 
remuneration policy.

Lyndsey Scott, Chair of the  
Remuneration Committee

22 June 2020

Our directors’ remuneration policy

We have adopted a remuneration policy 
designed to attract and retain individuals 
with the talent, experience and leadership 
skills required to enable us to achieve our 
strategic objectives.

We believe that this, in turn, will help 
stimulate sustainable value creation  
over the long term.

Our policy is set out in the following  
pages, with a summary of key principles 
provided below:

•   Fixed levels of remuneration are set at  

an appropriate level for each individual.  
In setting these levels, the Remuneration 
Committee takes into account the levels 
of fixed remuneration for similar 
positions with comparable status, 
responsibility and skills. This will ensure 
that we can attract and retain the right 
individuals needed to grow the Group.

•   Recognising our strategic objectives and 
the need to deliver progressive returns 
for our shareholders, the Executive 
Directors are eligible to participate in  
an Annual Bonus Scheme and a  
Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP). 

"I AM PLEASED TO 

INTRODUCE THE 

DIRECTORS’ 

REMUNERATION 

REPORT FOR THE 

PERIOD ENDED 28 

MARCH 2020.   

THIS REPORT INCLUDES 

MY STATEMENT,   

THE ANNUAL 

REMUNERATION 

REPORT AND SETS  

OUT OUR FORWARD – 

LOOKING DIRECTORS’ 

REMUNERATION 

POLICY."

56

57

Report of the Remuneration Committee

Report of the Remuneration Committee

Annual Remuneration Report for 2020

Details of Directors’ Remuneration

Remuneration Committee

The Remuneration Committee comprises 
the following members:

account the objective to attract, retain  
and motivate executive management  
of the calibre required to run the  
Group successfully. 

•  Lyndsey Scott 
•  Mark Cropper 
•  Jim Sharp 
•  Dr Andrew Hosty 

The Remuneration Committee has 
responsibility for setting the remuneration 
policy for all Executive Directors and the 
Chairman of the Board, including pension 
rights and any compensation payments. 

This includes reviewing the performance  
of the Executive Directors and determining 
their terms and conditions of service,  
their remuneration and the grant of any 
options, having due regard to the interests 
of the shareholders. 

The remuneration of senior management  
is discussed by the Chairman of the 
Remuneration Committee and the Chief 
Executive and their recommendations 
endorsed by the Remuneration Committee.

No Director can take part in the decision  
of their own salary or rewards. 

In setting the remuneration policy,  
the Remuneration Committee takes into 

Our remuneration policy is closely aligned 
with our long term strategic goals and our 
approach to risk management.

The Remuneration Committee also 
recognises that a significant proportion  
of remuneration should be structured  
so as to link rewards to corporate and 
individual performance and be designed  
to promote the long-term success of  
the Group.

The Remuneration Committee meets at 
least twice a year and otherwise as required.

Remuneration policy

The Remuneration Committee will 
periodically review the policy to confirm 
that our remuneration framework 
continues to support the delivery of our 
business objectives.

In developing this policy, the Remuneration 
Committee takes into account the best 
interests of the business and the agreed 
terms and conditions of employment for 
each Director of the Group. 

Our overall remuneration philosophy aims:

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

 To recognise the importance of ensuring 
that employees of the Group are 
effectively and appropriately rewarded.

 To operate a remuneration policy that is 
a mix of fixed and variable pay. Variable 
pay is both short term and long term.

 To align Directors’ interests with those 
of the Group.

 To have a pay for performance approach.

 To provide a market competitive level  
of remuneration to enable the Group  
to attract and retain high level 
individuals, to support the ongoing 
success of the Group. 

Service Contracts

Director 

Notice Period

M A J Cropper (Chairman) 
P I Wild 
S A Adams 
I M Maddock 
M Thompson 
K D Watson 
P J Willink 

12 months 
6 months 
6 months 
6 months 
12 months 
6 months 
12 months

Non-Executive Directors are employed on 
contracts of one month’s notice by either side.

James Cropper

FTSE AIM All Share

FTSE All Share

Comparison of Five Year Cumulative 
Total Shareholder Return (TSR)

To enable shareholders to assess the 
Company’s performance against the 
London Stock Exchange, the cumulative 
TSR for the period ended 28 March 2020 is 
shown in the graph below. The FTSE All 
Share is deemed to be the most appropriate 
comparison in terms of performance. TSR 
is the total return to shareholders in terms 
of capital growth and dividends reinvested.

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

d
e
s
a
b
e
R

03/10

03/11

03/12

03/13

03/14

03/15

03/16

03/17

03/18

03/19

03/20

£’000  

Executive 

M A J Cropper 

P I Wild 

S A Adams 

I M Maddock 

M Thompson  

K D Watson  

P J Willink 

Non-Executive          

Dr A Hosty 

J E Sharp 

L J Scott 
(appointed 1 August 2019) 

D R Wilks 
(resigned 31 July 2019) 

Salary and Fees  
2019  
2020  

Benefits 

2020  

2019  

Annual Bonus 
2019  

2020  

Pension Costs 
2019  

2020  

Total

2020  

2019

80   

204   

161   

161   

161   

161   

135   

31   

36   

21   

78   

198   

157   

157   

157   

157   

132   

17   

35   

-   

13   

35   

11   

40   

22   

22   

22   

22   

22   

-   

-   

-   

-   

10   

39   

21   

21   

21   

21   

21   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

45   

42   

35   

13   

35   

30   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

21   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

5   

10   

10   

10   

10   

10   

16   

-   

-   

-   

-   

5   

10   

10   

9   

9   

6   

16   

-   

-   

-   

-   

96   

299   

235   

228   

206   

228   

203   

31   

36   

21   

13   

93

247

188

187

208

184

169

17

35

- 

35 

1,164   

1,123   

161   

154   

200   

21   

71   

65   

1,596   

1,363

Long Term Incentive Plan

Under the Plan, awards to acquire ordinary shares in the Company can be made to Executive  
Directors and employees of the Company and its subsidiaries selected by the Remuneration Committee.

Awards made during the financial period to 28 March 2020 under the Plan to Executive Directors were as follows: 

Options at  
30 March  
2019  

Options  
granted  
in period  

   Mid-market 
price (£)  
 of options  
granted  

18,101   

13,286   

£11.208   

9,527   

8,475   

8,926   

8,926   

6,993   

6,993   

6,993   

6,993   

£11.208   

£11.208   

£11.208   

£11.208   

All figures in £’000 

P I Wild 

S A Adams 

I M Maddock 

M Thompson 

K D Watson 

Options   Options not  
expected  
to vest  

exercised  
in period  

Options   Options at  
lapsed in    28 March 
2020 

period   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(9,530 ) 

(8,571 ) 

13,286

(5,016 ) 

(5,016 ) 

(5,016 ) 

(5,016 ) 

(4,511 ) 

(3,459 ) 

(3,910 ) 

(3,910 ) 

6,933

6,933

6,933

6,933

Cash-settled options under the LTIP

Conditional cash awards (“Cash Awards”) grant participating employees a conditional right to be paid a cash amount based on the proceeds 
of the sale of a specified number of Ordinary Shares following vesting of the award. Under the LTIP Plan, Conditional Cash awards were 
granted to the following Executive Directors:  

Options at  
30 March  
2019  

Options  
granted  
in period  

   Mid-market 
price (£)  
 of options  
granted  

Options   Options not  
expected  
to vest  

exercised  
in period  

Options   Options at  
lapsed in    28 March 
2020 

period   

4,583   

7,675   

3,364   

5,877   

£11.208   

£11.208   

-   

-   

(2,413 ) 

(4,216 ) 

(2,170 ) 

(3,459 ) 

3,364

5,877

All figures in £’000 

M A J Cropper 

P J Willink 

58

59

 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
Report of the Remuneration Committee

Report of the Remuneration Committee

PURPOSE AND LINK TO STRATEGY 

OPERATION

Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP)

To incentivise the delivery of key 
performance measures over the long term.

To retain key executives and increase their 
share ownership in the Company, aligning 
their interests with those of shareholders.

CONDITIONS FOR LTIP AWARDS

Earnings per share conditions

Under the plan, awards to acquire ordinary shares in the Company, or cash 
equivalent, can be made to Executive Directors and other employees within  
the Group, as selected by the Remuneration Committee.

The number of options that can be awarded to any participant in a financial  
year under the Plan, determined by reference to the Company’s 20 day average 
mid-market share price at the time of the award, is limited to a maximum  
of 75% of the participant’s base salary.

The LTIP awards are subject to the achievement of certain performance 
conditions as set out below.

•   Awards will vest in full on the third anniversary of the granting of the award, provided the growth in the Company’s earnings  
per share, adjusted for IFRS pension adjustments and exceptional items over that period, exceeds the increase in the retail  
price index (“RPI”) plus 20% per annum;

•   Awards will vest proportionally between 25% and 100% on the third anniversary of the granting of the award, provided the  
adjusted earnings per share over that period equate to or exceed the increase in RPI plus 6% but less than 20% per annum;

•   Awards will lapse on the third anniversary of the granting of the award if the growth in the Company’s adjusted earnings  

per share does not equate to at least the increase in RPI plus 6% per annum.

EBITDA

For the purposes of the LTIP award, EBITDA is defined as:

Operating Profit before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation and excluding IFRS pension adjustments and exceptional items.

Base Salary

To reflect market value of the role and 
individual’s performance and contribution 
and enable the Group to recruit and retain 
directors of sufficient calibre required to 
support achievement of both short and 
long-term goals.

Non-Executive Directors’ Salaries

To attract and retain the right individuals 
required to support the achievement of 
both short and long-term goals.

Benefits

To attract and retain the right individuals 
and level of talent required to support 
achievement of both short and long term 
goals.

Pension

To attract and retain the right individuals 
and level of talent required to support 
achievement of both short and long term 
goals.

Annual Executive Bonus Plan

To reward the delivery of the Group’s 
annual financial and strategic goals.

The salary of each Executive Director will be reviewed annually by the 
Remuneration Committee without any obligation to increase such salary.

Base salaries are benchmarked against companies of a comparable size with a 
targeted approach of median positioning against the market, subject to 
satisfactory performance.

There may be reviews and changes to base salary during the year if considered 
appropriate by the Remuneration Committee.

The Remuneration Committee will take account of relevant comparator group 
data as well as pay increases awarded to other employees within the Company.

Salaries for Non-Executive Directors are based on market practice and are 
reviewed by the Board each year.

The maximum aggregate amount of salaries that the Company may pay to all  
the Directors who do not hold executive office for their services is £200,000 per 
annum, or such larger amount as the Company may by ordinary resolution decide.

Each Executive Director is awarded a benefit allowance which allows individuals 
to select from a range of personal benefits including, but not limited to, private 
medical insurance and a company car. Any unused monetary sum is paid to the 
individual at the end of the tax year via the PAYE system.

The benefit allowance is reviewed periodically by the Remuneration Committee.

The Chief Executive and the Chairman are members of the Company’s defined 
contribution scheme. Other Executive Directors are either members of the 
Company’s defined benefit scheme or the Company’s defined contribution scheme. 
Director pension arrangements are in line with the pension arrangements for the 
general workforce, depending on what pension scheme they are a member of. 
Non-Executive Directors are not in any of the Company pension schemes.

The annual cost borne by the Company is shown in the Directors’  
Remuneration table.

The annual bonus award will depend on the level of performance  
delivered against specific targets measured against three categories:

•  Up to 10% of base salary on achieving budgeted earnings;

•  Up to 10% of base salary for year on year improvement in earnings.

•  Up to 5% of base salary on achieving working capital targets.

The Executive Directors are eligible to participate in the Employee Group  
Bonus Scheme, with any award made under this scheme deducted from 
the award made under the Annual Executive Bonus Plan.

The Annual Executive Bonus Plan is reviewed periodically by  
the Remuneration Committee.

60

61

Compliance with the QCA Corporate Governance Code

Directors’ Report

COMPLIANCE WITH THE QCA CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CODE

PRINCIPLE

COMPLIANCE

1.  Establish a strategy and 
business model which 
promote long-term value  
for shareholders

2.  Seek to understand and  
meet shareholder needs  
and expectations

3.  Take into account  

wider stakeholder and  
social responsibilities  
and their implications  
for long-term success

 The Group strategy is set out on pages 4 to 25 in the Strategic Report section of our Annual Report.
 The Executive Committee hold quarterly away days to focus on the Group’s rolling strategic plan.

• 
• 
•  The Board holds two strategy days each year.
• 

 The strategy is communicated to all employees at half yearly employee briefings.

• 
• 

• 
• 

  Investor roadshow meetings are undertaken at least twice per year following the preliminary and interim announcements.
  Shareholders are invited to the AGM held in Burneside where all Board members interact with our shareholders  
on a one to one basis and take questions as they arise.
  Shareholder feedback is received from our Nomads and all shareholder feedback is discussed at Board meetings.
  Further reading:- Section 172(1) statement on pages 26 -27 of the Annual Report.

Employees
• 

 Regular meetings take place with 
employees to share strategy, keep 
employees updated and seek 
feedback.
 The Company conducts a biennial 
employee survey with the latest 
level of engagement (2019) at 68%.

• 

Customers
• 

 Communications with our 
customers is fundamental to our 
success. The Group engages in 
continuous communications with 
our customers to understand their 
needs, share our plans, and nurture 
the collaborative partnership.

Suppliers
• 

 Our collaborative attitude allows us 
to claim a 100 year partnership with 
a supplier and at the same time 
build new partnerships with  
new suppliers.

Community
• 

 The Company has very close links 
with the local community built on 
our 175 year presence at Burneside. 
The Group supports local 
organisations through its 
community support team with 
donations this year amounting to 
£21,000.

Environment
• 

 We are proud to introduce 
initiatives such as ColourformTM 
and CupcyclingTM, recycling coffee 
cups or promoting the use of pulp 
based packaging rather than plastic. 
From efficient water usage to use of 
solar energy, sustainability and 
environmental protection are key to 
our future.
 Further reading – Section 172 (1) 
statement on pages 26-27 of the 
Annual Report.

• 

4.  Embed effective risk 

management, considering  
both opportunities and threats, 
throughout the organisation

5.  Maintain the Board as a 

well-functioning, balanced 
team led by the Chair

•  The Group significant risks are reviewed throughout the year.
•  Risk is a fixed item agenda for the Executive Committee meetings.
• 

 The significant risks are disclosed in the Strategic Report within the Annual report on pages 21 to 25

•  The Board is led by our Non-executive Chairman, Mark Cropper.
•  The Board comprises four Non-Executive Directors and six Executive Directors.
• 
• 

 The members of the Board maintain the appropriate balance of experience, independence and knowledge of the Company.
 Details of the composition, operation and responsibilities, together with details of the Sub-Committees can be found in the 
Governance section of the Annual Report on pages 50 to 64.

6.  Ensure that between them the 
Directors have the necessary 
up-to date experience, skills 
and capabilities

•  The current Board has significant sector, financial and plc experience.
• 
• 
•  Biographies on all Directors are shown on pages 50 to 51 of the Annual Report. 

 Between them, the Executive Directors have many years of broad experience in the nonwoven fibre manufacturing industry.
 With the support of our NOMAD and advisors, the Board training and development needs are maintained.

7.  Evaluate Board performance 
based on clear and relevant 
objectives, seeking 
continuous improvement

• 

• 

 A comprehensive board evaluation is undertaken annually commencing with a questionnaire, compilation of a summary  
of results and feedback at a board meeting. The results are discussed and actions taken to improve in areas where required.
 The process gives the Directors the opportunity to identify areas for improvement both jointly and individually through 
the use of questionnaires and open discussion.

•  The Remuneration Committee evaluates Executive Director performance alongside remuneration and reward.
• 

 With regards to financial performance, the Audit Committee meets with the Auditors to plan the year-end audit, followed 
up by a meeting to review the results of the audit.

•  Training and development needs of Directors are reviewed regularly.

8.  Promote a corporate culture 

that is based on ethical  
values and behaviours

• 

• 

 Our values and culture are embodied in the Group’s management behaviour, our recruitment and  
employee development processes.
 Our values and behaviours help us ensure we provide a safe, rewarding and interesting place to work  
as well as an environment that attracts new talent.

•  Our values can be found on page 39 of the Annual Report.

9.  Maintain governance 

structures and processes  
that are fit for purpose and 
support good decision 
making by the Board

•  The Board meets six times per year plus a further two strategy days.
•  The Group has robust internal controls, delegated authorities and authorisation processes.
•  The controls are subject to review both internally and externally by our Auditors.
•  A culture of continuous improvement is encouraged.
•  The Group website describes the roles and terms of reference for the Committees.
•  Continuous improvement can be found on page 52 of the Annual Report.

10.  Communicate how the 

Company is governed and is 
performing by maintaining a 
dialogue with shareholders and 
other relevant stakeholders

•  Communications with shareholders are explained in Principle 2 above.
• 

 In addition to the interim and full year investor roadshows, meetings with our NOMADS, prospective investors and other 
stakeholders arise during the year.

•  The work of the subcommittees is described in the Governance section of the Annual report on pages 50 to 64.
•  The website includes historical announcements, copies of the Annual and Interim reports and copies of any presentations made.

DIRECTORS’ REPORT

The Directors present their Annual 
Report and the audited financial 
statements of James Cropper Group for 
the 52 weeks ended 28 March 2020.

Principal activities

The principal activity of the Group 
comprises the manufacture of specialist 
paper and advanced materials. There have 
not been any significant changes in the 
Group’s principal activities in the year 
under review. The Directors are not aware, 
at the date of this report, of any likely 
major changes in the Group’s activities  
in the next year. 

Review of business and future 
developments

The Chairman’s Statement on pages 06 to 07, 
the Strategic Report on pages 04 to 25 and 
the Chief Financial Officer’s Review  
on pages 13 to 17, report on the performance 
of the Group for the period ended 28 March 
2020 and its prospects for the future.

The Chairman’s Statement, the Strategic 
Report and this report have been prepared 
solely to provide additional information to 
shareholders to assess the Group’s 
strategies and the potential for those 
strategies to succeed. These statements are 
made by the Directors in good faith based 
on the information available to them up to 
the time of their approval of this report and 
such statements should be treated with 
caution due to the inherent uncertainties, 
including both economic and business risk 
factors, underlying any such forward 
looking information.

The Board

The Directors who served during  
the year under review were:

Mark Cropper  •  Phil Wild  •  Steve Adams 
Isabelle Maddock  •  Martin Thompson 
Dave Watson  •  Patrick Willink 
Dr Andrew Hosty  •  Jim Sharp 
David Wilks (Resigned 31 July 2019) 
Lyndsey Scott (appointed 1 August 2019) 

Details of the Director’s remuneration are 
shown in the Report of the Remuneration 
Committee on pages 57 to 61. Details of  
the Directors’ interests in the share capital 
of the Company are set out below.  
The biographies of the Directors as at the 
date of this report are on pages 50 to 51.

Results and dividends

The results for the period are shown in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income on 
page 71.

An interim dividend of 2.5p per ordinary 
share was paid on 10 January 2020.  
The Directors are not recommending  
a final dividend for the year, making the 
total dividend for the year 2.5p (2019: 
13.5p) per share. Full details of dividends in 
respect of the year ended 28 March 2020 are 
given in note 7 of the financial statements.

Corporate governance

A report on Corporate Governance is  
set out on pages 50 to 64,and forms part  
of this report by reference.

Health & Safety

The Group is committed to providing a  
safe working environment for all employees. 
Group policies are reviewed regularly to 
ensure that policies relating to training, risk 
assessment and accident management are 
appropriate. Health & safety issues are 
reported at each Board meeting and 
Executive Committee meeting.

Charitable and political donations

It is the Group’s policy not to make any 
donations to, or incur expenditure on 
behalf of political parties, other political 
organisations or independent election 
candidates and the Board does not intend 
to change this policy.

Donations totalling £21,000 (2019:£21,000) 
were made for various local charitable 
purposes.

Engagement with key stakeholders

In accordance with the Large and 
Medium-sized Companies and Groups 
(Accounts and Reports) Regulations  
2008 (as amended by the Companies 
(Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulations 
2018), the Company’s statement on 
engagement with, and having due regard  
to, the interests of key stakeholders is 
contained within the Section 172(1) 
statement in the Strategic Report on pages 
26 to 27 (also known as the Section 172 
statement). The section 172 statement also 
summarises how the directors have had 
regard to the need to foster the Group’s 
business relationships.

Employee involvement and policy 
regarding disabled persons

The Group’s employees are its most 
important asset. The Group operates an 
equal opportunities policy that aims to treat 
individuals fairly and not to discriminate in 
any way.

Regular consultative meetings are held  
with the trade union representatives to 
advise them on all aspects of Group 
developments. Communications with all 
employees continues through monthly and 
bi-annual briefings on performance, safety 
and any other relevant developments.  
It is the Group’s policy to give equal 
opportunity when considering applications 
from disabled persons where the job 
requirements are considered to be within 
their ability. In the event of employees 
becoming disabled, every effort is made  
to ensure that their employment with  
the Group continues and that appropriate 
training is arranged. It is the policy  
of the Group that the training, career 
development and promotion of a disabled 
person should, as far as practicable,  
be identical to that of a person who  
does not suffer from a disability.  
Further information can be found in the 
section 172 (1) statement on pages 26 to 27.

Environmental policy

James Cropper Group recognises  
the importance of its environmental 
responsibilities and designs and implements 
policies to reduce any damage that might be 
caused by the Group’s activities. Initiatives 
designed to minimise the Group’s impact 
on the environment include safe disposal  
of waste, recycling and reducing energy 
consumption. Further details can be found 
in the sustainability report on pages 40  
to 42 and the streamlined energy  
carbon report on page 43.

Share capital

Full details of the authorised and issued share 
capital of the Company are set out in note 21 
to the consolidated financial statements.

Authority to allot shares

A resolution will be proposed to renew  
an existing authority which expires at  
the Annual General Meeting to give the 
Directors authority to exercise the powers 
of the Company to allot unissued shares.

62
62

63

Directors’ Report

Having prepared management forecasts and 
made appropriate enquiries, the Directors 
are satisfied that the Group has adequate 
resources for the foreseeable future. 
Accordingly, they have continued to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing the 
Group and Company financial statements.

Disclosure of information  
to the Auditor

BDO LLP has expressed its willingness  
to continue in office. Its appointment and 
authority for the Directors to agree its 
remuneration will be proposed at the 
Annual General Meeting. Each of the 
Directors as at the date of approval  
of this Annual report confirms that:

•   So far as the Director is aware there is no 
relevant audit information of which the 
Company’s Auditor is unaware; and

•   The Director has taken all steps he/she 
ought to have taken as a Director in 
order to make himself/herself aware of 
any relevant audit information and to 
establish that the Company’s Auditor is 
aware of that information.

Annual General Meeting

Notice of Annual General Meeting, which 
sets out the resolutions to be proposed at 
the forthcoming Annual General Meeting 
will be posted to shareholders at least three 
weeks before the date of the AGM. 

Due to the social distancing measures 
imposed during the Covid-19 pandemic, 
the meeting will be held behind closed 
doors with the minimum level of attendees 
physically present at the Burneside site on 
Wednesday 29 July 2020 at 11am.

Directors power to disapply  
pre-emption rights

A resolution will be proposed at the 
Annual General Meeting which disapplies 
statutory pre-emption rights on the 
allotment of shares by empowering the 
Directors to allot shares for cash without 
offering them to existing shareholders first.

Going Concern

The Chairman’s Statement and the Chief 
Executive’s Statement on pages 06 to 12, 
outline the business activities of the Group 
along with the factors which may affect its 
future development and performance.  
The Chief Financial Officer’s Review (pages 
13 to 17) discusses the Group’s financial 
position, along with details of its cash flow 
and liquidity. Note 18 to the financial 
statements sets out the Group’s financial 
risks and the management of those risks.

Substantial Interests

Shareholdings in excess of 3% of the issued capital at 30 May 2020 were as follows: -

Name of Shareholding 

Number of Shares   

% holding   

Note 

Cropper Family - Beneficial and Non Beneficial Interests 

Willink Family – Beneficial and Non Beneficial Interests 

Acland Family – Beneficial Interests 

Total 

Liontrust Asset Management Ltd 

Unicorn Asset Management Ltd 

3,068,273   

521,583   

52,386   

3,642,242   

1,076,850   

320,000   

32.1 

5.5 

0.6 

38.1   

11.3 

3.4 

1 

1. The Cropper, Willink and Acland families are related and are deemed to be acting in concert with a total holding of 38.1% in the Company.

Details of Directors’ Interests 

The interests in the shares of the 
Company of those Directors serving 
at 28 March 2020 were as follows:

Any material related party 
transactions between the Directors 
and the Company are set out in note 
25 to the consolidated financial 
statements. Further information 
relating to the interests of the 
Directors regarding options on 
ordinary shares is given in the Report 
of the Remuneration Committee on 
page 57. Non-beneficial interests 
include shares held jointly as trustee 
with other Directors. 

Approved by the Board of Directors 
on 22 June 2020 and were signed on 
its behalf by

Mark Cropper, Chairman

Ordinary 

At 28 March 2020 
  Options on 
 Ordinary 
Shares 

Ordinary 
Shares1 

At 30 March 2019
  Options on 

Ordinary 
Shares 

Shares

Director 

Interest 

M A J Cropper 

Beneficial 
Non-beneficial 

1,834,802 
559,571 

- 
- 

1,787,688 
559,571 

- 
-

P I Wild 

S A Adams 

Beneficial 

Beneficial 

I M Maddock 

Beneficial 

M Thompson 

Beneficial 

K D Watson 

Beneficial 

P J Willink 

Dr A Hosty 

J E Sharp 

L J Scott 

Beneficial 
Non-beneficial 

Beneficial 
Non-beneficial 

Beneficial 
Non-beneficial 

Beneficial 
Non-beneficial 

25,572   

13,286 

17,497   

18,101

1,099 

12,241 

31,127 

7,538 

58,079 
69,434 

500 
64,951 

11,380 
64,951 

500 
64,951 

6,993 

6,993 

6,993 

6,993 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

1,099 

16,261 

29,927 

7,538 

58,079 
1,447,558 

500 
64,951 

11,380 
75,328 

- 
- 

9,527

8,475

8,926

8,926

- 
-

- 
-

- 
-

- 
-

1   Options on Ordinary Shares as at 28 March 2020 exclude the LTIPs  

options granted in August 2018 and not expected to be vested.

64

CONTENTS

STRATEGIC REPORT 

03

Financial Highlights 

Financial Summary 

Chairman’s Letter 

Chief Executive’s Review 

Covid-19 Report 

Chief Financial Officer's Review 

The Pension Report 

Risk Management 

Stakeholders Relationship Statement 

Technical Fibre Products 

ColourformTM 

James Cropper Paper 

Values and Purpose 

Sustainability 

Streamlined Energy & Carbon Report 

Pride Excellence Awards 

People 

GOVERNANCE 

Board of Directors 

Corporate Governance Statement 

Report of the Audit Committee 

Report of the Remuneration Committee 

QCA Principles 

Directors’ Report 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 

Independent Auditor’s Report 

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income 

Statement of Financial Position 

Statement of Cash Flows 

Statement of Changes In Equity 

Notes to the Financial Statements 

Shareholder Information 

49

65

66

67

71

72

73

74

76

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities

Independent Auditor’s Report

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO 
THE MEMBERS OF JAMES CROPPER PLC

The Directors are responsible for 
preparing the Annual Report and the 
financial statements in accordance with 
applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the Directors to 
prepare financial statements for each 
financial year. Under that law the Directors 
have elected to prepare the Group and 
Company financial statements in accordance 
with International Financial Reporting 
Standards as adopted by the European 
Union (IFRSs as adopted by the EU).

Under company law the Directors must not 
approve the financial statements unless they 
are satisfied that they give a true and fair 
view of the state of affairs of the Group and 
Company and of their profit or loss of the 
Group for that period. 

The Directors are also required to prepare 
financial statements in accordance with the 
rules of the London Stock Exchange for 
companies trading securities on AIM.

In preparing these financial statements,  
the Directors are required to:

•    select suitable accounting policies  
and then apply them consistently;

•   make judgements and accounting 
estimates that are reasonable and 
prudent;

•   state whether they have been prepared in 
accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the 
EU, subject to any material departures 
and explained in the financial statements; 

•   prepare the financial statements on  
the going concern basis unless it is 
inappropriate to presume that the 
Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping 
adequate accounting records that are 
sufficient to show and explain the 
Company’s transactions and disclose  
with reasonable accuracy at any time the 
financial position of the Company and 

enable them to ensure that the financial 
statements comply with the Companies  
Act 2006. They are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Company  
and hence for taking reasonable steps for 
the prevention and detection of fraud and 
other irregularities.

The Directors are responsible for  
ensuring the Annual Report and the 
financial statements are made available  
on a website. Financial statements are 
published on the Company’s website in 
accordance with legislation in the United 
Kingdom governing the preparation and 
dissemination of financial statements, 
which may vary from legislation in  
other jurisdictions. The maintenance  
and integrity of the Company’s website  
is the responsibility of the Directors.  
The Directors’ responsibility also  
extends to the ongoing integrity  
of the financial statements  
contained therein.

Opinion

In our opinion:

We have audited the financial  
statements of James Cropper PLC  
(the ‘Parent Company’) and its 
subsidiaries (the ‘Group’) for the  
period ended 28 March 2020 which 
comprise the Group Statement of 
Comprehensive Income, the Group  
and Company Statement of Financial 
position, the Group and Company 
Statement of Cash Flows, the Group  
and Company Statement of Changes  
in Equity and notes to the financial 
statements, including a summary of 
significant accounting policies. 

The financial reporting framework  
that has been applied in the preparation  
of the Group financial statements is 
applicable law and International  
Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs)  
as adopted by the European Union. 

The financial reporting framework  
that has been applied in the preparation  
of the Parent Company financial 
statements is applicable law and United 
Kingdom Accounting Standards, including 
Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced 
Disclosure Framework (United Kingdom 
Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

•   the financial statements give a true 

and fair view of the state of the Group’s 
and of the Parent Company’s affairs  
as at 28 March 2020 and of the Group’s 
profit for the period then ended;

•   the Group financial statements have  

been properly prepared in accordance 
with IFRSs as adopted by the  
European Union;

•   the Parent Company financial 
statements have been properly  
prepared in accordance with United 
Kingdom Generally Accepted 
Accounting Practice; and

•   the financial statements have  

been prepared in accordance with  
the requirements of the Companies  
Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance  
with International Standards on Auditing 
(UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law.  
Our responsibilities under those standards 
are further described in the Auditor’s 
responsibilities for the audit of the  
financial statements section of our report. 

We are independent of the Group and the 
Parent Company in accordance with the 
ethical requirements that are relevant to our 
audit of the financial statements in the UK, 
including the FRC’s Ethical Standard as 
applied to listed entities, and we have 
fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities  
in accordance with these requirements.  
We believe that the audit evidence we  
have obtained is sufficient and appropriate 
to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

We have nothing to report in respect of the 
following matters in relation to which the 
ISAs (UK) require us to report to you where:

•   the Directors’ use of the going concern 
basis of accounting in the preparation  
of the financial statements is not 
appropriate; or

•   the Directors have not disclosed in  

the financial statements any identified 
material uncertainties that may cast 
significant doubt about the Group’s or  
the Parent Company’s ability to continue 
to adopt the going concern basis of 
accounting for a period of at least twelve 
months from the date when the financial 
statements are authorised for issue.

66

67

Independent Auditor’s Report

Independent Auditor’s Report

Key audit matters

KEY AUDIT MATTER 

HOW WE ADDRESSED THE KEY AUDIT MATTER IN THE AUDIT

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements  
of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) we identified, 
including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts  
of the engagement team. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our 
opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

KEY AUDIT MATTER 

HOW WE ADDRESSED THE KEY AUDIT MATTER IN THE AUDIT

Going Concern

The outbreak of Covid-19 has resulted in uncertainty 
in the economy and difficulty in accurately forecasting 
the performance of the Group going forwards.

Management considered implications for the Group’s 
going concern assessment and the disclosure in the 
Annual Report and accounts, by developing stress test 
scenarios to model potential impacts and consider 
compliance with covenants in place. Following this 
revised assessment by management, covenants were 
reset in line with a Covid-19 set of forecasts.

Management are required to make significant 
estimates and judgements when preparing such 
forecasts. A small change in the assumptions used may 
have a significant impact on the cash flows of the 
Group and the ability to meet these covenants. 

The disclosures on going concern at  page 17 in the 
financial statements indicate the view of the directors 
on the use of the going concern basis, and key 
assumptions used in arriving at this conclusion.

We discussed the potential impact of Covid-19 with management and  
the Audit Committee including their assessment of risks and uncertainties 
associated with areas such as the Group’s workforce, supply chain and  
order levels that are relevant to the Group’s business model and operations.  
We formed our own assessment of risks and uncertainties based on our 
understanding of the business and the sector. 

We challenged management’s stress test scenarios including levers available 
to management to mitigate the impacts. Based on the information available 
at the time of the directors’ approval of the financial statements and us 
signing our audit opinion, we consider the scenarios to be reasonable whilst 
noting the impact of Coronavirus on future sales,  operational capacity and 
covenant compliance is difficult to quantify. We challenged management on 
the key assumptions included in the scenarios and confirmed management’s 
mitigating actions are within their control.

We evaluated management’s plans for future actions including their 
alternative options if the virus continues to impact trade for longer than 
anticipated. These measures include potential cost savings to further 
improve the level of EBITDA if required to meet key covenants.

We assessed the adequacy of the disclosure within the financial statements 
relating to the Directors’ assessment of the going concern basis of preparation. 

KEY AUDIT MATTER 

HOW WE ADDRESSED THE KEY AUDIT MATTER IN THE AUDIT

Defined Benefit Pension Scheme Valuations

As described in Note 1 (accounting policies) and  
19 (retirement benefits), the Group has two  
defined benefit pension plans in the UK;  
the staff scheme and the works scheme. 

At 28 March 2020, the Group recorded a net 
retirement obligation of £9.4m (2019: £22.6m), 
comprising scheme assets of £113.9m (2019: £110m) 
and scheme liabilities of £121.4m (2019: £132.6m).  
The staff scheme is in an asset position at the  
year-end which has not been recognised.

The pension valuation is dependent on market 
conditions and key assumptions made with input 
from the actuary, in particular relating to investment 
markets, discount rate, inflation expectations and  
life expectancy assumptions.

The setting of these assumptions is complex and 
requires the exercise of significant management 
judgement with the support of third party actuaries.  
A small change in the assumptions and estimates used 
to calculate the Group’s pension obligation could have 
a significant effect on the Group’s net pension deficit. 
As such, the valuation of defined benefit pension 
scheme is considered a key audit matter.

We assessed the appropriateness of the assumptions underpinning  
the valuation of the scheme liabilities. 

Specifically we challenged the discount rate, inflation and mortality 
assumptions applied in the calculation by using an internal pension 
specialists to benchmark the assumptions applied against comparable  
third party data and assessed the appropriateness of the assumptions  
in the context of the Group’s own position.

In addition we tested the membership data utilised in the valuation of  
the scheme to source data, traced cash flow amounts to bank statements  
and obtained third party confirmation of the valuation of the pension  
assets from the investment managers.

We considered the appropriateness of recognising an asset ceiling  
on the staff scheme, by reference to the employer’s rights to surplus  
assets of the scheme.

We also assessed the completeness and accuracy of the disclosures within 
the financial statements in accordance with the accounting standards.

Key observations

As a result of our testing we were satisfied that assumptions applied in 
relation to determining the pension valuation were within an acceptable range.

Revenue recognition

Revenue recognition involves significant judgements 
and estimates to be made by management including 
consideration of whether contracts contain multiple 
performance obligations which should be accounted 
for separately, and the most appropriate method  
for recognition of revenue for identified  
performance obligations. 

In accordance with IFRS 15, revenue should only  
be recognised when the performance obligations 
associated with it have been met, for example  
when the delivery terms have been satisfied.  
Cut off is therefore a key consideration.

It can also include an assessment of multi-element 
contracts and consideration of whether performance 
obligations are satisfied at a point in time or  
over time. This is discussed further at Note 1a  
to the financial statements.

The key judgements therefore include consideration of 
the point in time when transfer of control has occurred 
for products sold by Paper, TFP and 3DP divisions, 
and assessing the degree of completion of the 3DP 
tooling manufacturing contracts, which occur over a 
period of time. Key areas of judgements are discussed 
further in Note 1z to the financial statements.

Revenue recognition is regarded as a key audit matter 
as it requires a significant level of judgement to be 
applied by management.

We utilised data analytics procedures to perform matching between sales 
orders, goods despatched and sales invoices on a population-wide basis for  
3 of the 5 significant components. A sample of items where exceptions were 
identified as a result of the data analytics was tested substantively. For one 
component where data analytics could not be performed, a sample of amounts 
recognised in the financial statements was agreed to evidence of goods 
despatched to ensure control had passed to the customer. A sample of goods 
despatched was also agreed to being included as revenue within the financial 
statements. The remaining significant component had no significant revenue. 

In addition, our substantive audit procedures included a combination  
of the following:

We considered whether the group’s accounting policy was in line with 
requirements of IFRS 15.

We tested a sample of orders to assess whether the method for recognition 
of revenue was appropriate,and consistent with IFRS 15 and the accounting 
policy, and had been applied consistently.

We tested whether amounts recognised were accurate and recorded in the 
correct period based on the contractual performance obligations by agreeing 
a sample of individual transactions to good dispatched notes and sales orders 
around the year end.

We considered if tooling revenue in the 3DP division had been recognised 
correctly over time with respect to the percentage of units fulfilled for each 
customer’s orders. We also considered if the revenue deferred at year end 
was appropriate with respect the percentage of units yet to be fulfilled.

Key Observations

As a result of our testing we were satisfied management’s judgements and 
estimates with respect to the recognition of revenue were in line with IFRS 
15 and the group’s  accounting policy.

Our application of materiality

We consider materiality to be the magnitude by which misstatements, individually or in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected  
to influence the economic decisions of the users of the financial statements. We use materiality both in planning the scope of our audit  
work and in evaluating the results of our work.

Based on our professional judgement, we determined materiality for the financial statements as a whole as follows: 

Group materiality 

£260,000 (2019: £165,000)

Basis for materiality 

5% of Profit before tax (2019: 4.7% of Profit before tax)

Rationale for benchmark adopted 

 Pre-tax profit is determined to be a stable basis of assessing business performance and is considered  
to be the most significant determinant of performance used by shareholders. 

In considering individual account balances and classes of transactions we apply a lower level of materiality in order to reduce to an appropriately 
low level the probability that the aggregate of uncorrected and undetected misstatements exceeds materiality. Performance materiality was set at 
£169,000 (2019: £107,000), representing 65% (2019: 65%) of materiality. The level reflects the aggregation risk of errors in the group. 

Our audit work on each significant component was executed at levels of materiality applicable to each individual entity which was lower than 
group materiality. Component materiality ranged from £32,000 to £227,000 (2019: £23,000 to £127,000). Parent company materiality was 
£97,000 (2019: £71,000).

We agreed with the audit committee that we would report to the committee all individual audit differences identified during the course of our 
audit in excess of £7,800 (2019: £5,000). We also agreed to report differences below these thresholds that, in our view, warranted reporting on 
qualitative grounds.

There were no misstatements identified during the course of our audit that were individually, or in aggregate, considered to be material in 
terms of their absolute monetary value or on qualitative grounds.

68

69

Independent Auditor’s Report

Group Statement of Comprehensive Income

James Cropper PLC 
Group Statement of Comprehensive Income

Revenue 

Provision for impairment 

Other income 

Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progress 

Raw materials and consumables used 

Energy costs 

Employee benefit costs 

Depreciation and amortisation 

Other expenses 

Operating Profit 

Interest payable and similar charges 

Interest receivable and similar income 

Profit before taxation 

Tax expense 

Profit for the period 

Earnings per share - basic and diluted 

Other comprehensive income

Profit for the period 

Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss 

Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 

Cash flow hedges – effective portion of changes in fair value 

Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss 

Retirement benefit liabilities – actuarial gains/(losses)  

Deferred tax on actuarial (gains)/losses on retirement benefit liabilities 

Other comprehensive income/(expense) for the year 

Total comprehensive income/(expense) for the period 
attributable to equity holders of the Company

Note   

2   

22   

4   

2   

3   

3   

4   

5   

6   

19   

19   

52 week period to   
28 March 2020   
£’000   

52 week period to 
30 March 2019 
£’000

104,667   

(308 ) 

486   

(1,330 ) 

(38,200 ) 

(4,539 ) 

(30,388 ) 

(3,950 ) 

(19,869 ) 

6,569   

(1,136 ) 

26   

5,459   

(630 ) 

4,829   

50.6 p 

4,829   

181   

(295 ) 

13,057   

(2,481 ) 

10,462   

15,291   

101,095 

(101 )

614

798

(43,074 )

(5,615 )

(28,183 )

(2,952 )

(19,275 )

3,408

(965 )

133

2,576

(262 )

2,314

24.3 p

2,314

(117 )

(29 )

(3,258 )

554

(2,850 )

(536 ) 

An overview of the scope of our audit

Our Group audit was scoped by obtaining 
an understanding of the Group and its 
environment, including Group-wide 
controls, and assessing the risks of material 
misstatement at the Group level. 

The Group manages its operations from  
one principal location in the UK as well  
as locations in the USA and China and has 
common financial systems, processes and 
controls covering all significant components. 
The audit of all significant components was 
performed by the Group audit team. 

In assessing the risk of material misstatement 
to the Group financial statements, and to 
ensure we had adequate quantitative 
coverage of significant accounts in the 
financial statements, of the 16 (2019: 14) 
components of the Group, we determined 
that 5 (2019: 5) components represented the 
principal business units within the Group.

For these 5 significant components, we 
performed a full scope audit of the complete 
financial information. For the remaining 
components, we performed audit procedures 
on specific accounts within that component 
that we considered had the potential for  
the greatest impact on the group financial 
statements, either because of the size of  
these accounts or their risk profile.

As a consequence of the audit scope 
determined, we achieved coverage of 
approximately 88% (2019: 85%) of revenue, 
92% (2019: 97%) of absolute values of profit 
before tax and 89% (2019: 95%) of total 
assets. Our audit work on each component 
was executed at levels of materiality 
applicable to each individual entity  
which was lower than Group materiality. 

Other information

The Directors are responsible for the  
other information. The other information 
comprises the information included in the 
annual report other than the financial 
statements and our auditor’s report thereon. 
Our opinion on the financial statements 
does not cover the other information and, 
except to the extent otherwise explicitly 
stated in our report, we do not express any 
form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial 
statements, our responsibility is to read the 
other information and, in doing so, consider 
whether the other information is materially 
inconsistent with the financial statements  
or our knowledge obtained in the audit or 
otherwise appears to be materially misstated. 
If we identify such material inconsistencies 
or apparent material misstatements, we are 
required to determine whether there is  

a material misstatement in the financial 
statements or a material misstatement of  
the other information. If, based on the work 
we have performed, we conclude that there  
is a material misstatement of this other 
information, we are required to report that 
fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed 
by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work 
undertaken in the course of the audit:

•    the information given in the strategic 

report and the Directors’ report for the 
financial period for which the financial 
statements are prepared is consistent 
with the financial statements; and

•    the strategic report and the Directors’ 

report have been prepared in accordance 
with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are  
required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and 
understanding of the Group and the Parent 
Company and its environment obtained  
in the course of the audit, we have not 
identified material misstatements in the 
strategic report or the Directors’ report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the 
following matters in relation to which the 
Companies Act 2006 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion:

•    adequate accounting records have not 
been kept by the Parent Company, or 
returns adequate for our audit have not 
been received from branches not visited 
by us; or

•    the Parent Company financial statements 
are not in agreement with the accounting 
records and returns; or

•    certain disclosures of Directors’ 

remuneration specified by law are not 
made; or 

•    we have not received all the information 

and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of Directors

As explained more fully in the statement of 
Directors’ responsibilities the Directors are 
responsible for the preparation of the 
financial statements and for being satisfied 
that they give a true and fair view, and for 
such internal control as the Directors 
determine is necessary to enable the 
preparation of financial statements that are 
free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error.

Group’s and the Parent Company’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, 
as applicable, matters related to going 
concern and using the going concern basis 
of accounting unless the Directors either 
intend to liquidate the Group or the Parent 
Company or to cease operations, or have 
no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor’s responsibilities for the 
audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable 
assurance about whether the financial 
statements as a whole are free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, 
and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high 
level of assurance, but is not a guarantee 
that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material 
misstatement when it exists.

Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually 
or in the aggregate, they could reasonably 
be expected to influence the economic 
decisions of users taken on the basis of 
these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities 
for the audit of the financial statements  
is located on the Financial Reporting 
Council’s website: www.frc.org.uk/
auditorsresponsibilities. This description 
forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the Parent 
Company’s members, as a body, in 
accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has 
been undertaken so that we might state to 
the Parent Company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them  
in an auditor’s report and for no other 
purpose. To the fullest extent permitted  
by law, we do not accept or assume 
responsibility to anyone other than  
the Parent Company and the Parent 
Company’s members as a body, for our 
audit work, for this report, or for the 
opinions we have formed.

Stuart Wood (Senior Statutory Auditor)

For and on behalf of BDO LLP,  
Statutory Auditor

Manchester

BDO LLP is a limited liability partnership 

In preparing the financial statements, the 
Directors are responsible for assessing the 

registered in England and Wales  

(with registered number OC305127).

70

71

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

 
   
 
   
  
   
   
   
    
    
   
    
   
   
 
    
   
   
 
   
    
Statement of Financial Position

Statement of Cash Flows

Group as at   
28 March 2020   
£’000   

Group as at     Company as at   
28 March 2020   
£’000   

30 March 2019    
£’000    

Company as at 
30 March 2019 
£’000

Note 

James Cropper PLC 
Statement of Cash Flows

For the period ended 28 March 2020 (2019: for the period ended 30 March 2019)

James Cropper PLC 
Statement of Financial Position

Assets 

Intangible assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

Right-of-use assets 

Investments in subsidiary undertakings 

Deferred tax assets 

Total non - current assets 

Inventories 

Trade and other receivables 

Provision for impairment 

Other financial assets 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Corporation tax 

Total current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 

Trade and other payables 

Other financial liabilities 

Loans and borrowings 

Total current liabilities 

Long-term borrowings 

Retirement benefit liabilities 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Total non-current liabilities 

Total liabilities 

Equity 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Translation reserve 

Reserve for own shares 

Retained earnings 

Total shareholders’ equity 

Total equity and liabilities 

8 

9 

10 

11 

20 

12 

13 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

17 

19 

20 

21 

495   

31,882   

4,907   

-   

1,921   

39,205   

13,956   

19,363   

(530 ) 

-   

8,964   

1,872   

43,625   

82,830   

16,544   

275   

3,756   

20,575   

16,263   

9,382   

2,213   

27,858   

48,433   

2,389   

1,588   

584   

(1,251 ) 

31,087   

34,397   

82,830   

365    

27,639    

-   

-    

2,234    

30,238    

16,410    

19,234    

(222 ) 

24   

2,352    

1,421   

39,219    

69,457    

14,620    

-   

1,545    

16,165    

9,368    

22,648    

-   

32,016    

48,181    

2,389    

1,588    

403    

(1,251 )  

18,147    

21,276    

69,457    

366   

1,925   

301   

7,350   

1,934   

11,876   

-   

51,455   

(350 ) 

-   

6,658   

1,509   

59,272   

71,148   

23,421   

275   

174   

23,870   

7,983   

9,382   

114   

17,479   

41,349   

2,389   

1,588   

-   

(1,251 ) 

27,073   

29,799   

71,148   

106

1,906

-

7,350

3,840

13,202

-

49,323

-

24

-

446

49,793

62,995  

18,555

-

361

18,916  

4,004

22,648

-

26,652

45,568

2,389

1,588

-

(1,251 )

14,701

17,427

62,995

The Parent Company reported a profit for the period ended 28 March 2020 of £3,416,000 (2019: £4,902,000).

The financial statements on pages 71 to 109 were approved by the Board of Directors on 22 June 2020 and were signed on its behalf by:

M A J Cropper 
Chairman 
Company Registration No: 30226

Cash flows from operating activities  

Net profit  

Adjustments for:  

Tax  

Depreciation and amortisation  

Net IAS 19 pension adjustments within SCI  

Past service pension deficit payments  

Foreign exchange differences  

Loss / (profit) on disposal of property, plant and equipment  

Net bank interest income & expense  

Share based payments  

Dividends received from subsidiary companies  

Changes in working capital:  

Decrease / (increase)  in inventories  

Decrease / (increase) in trade and other receivables  

Increase in trade and other payables  

Tax paid  

Net cash generated from operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities  

Purchase of intangible assets  

Purchases of property, plant and equipment  

Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment  

Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities  

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares  

Proceeds from issue of new loans  

Repayment of borrowings  

Repayment of lease liabilities 

Interest on lease liabilities 

Interest received  

Interest paid 

Purchase of LTIP investments  

Sales of own shares 

Dividends paid to shareholders  

Net cash generated from/ (used) in financing activities 

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held  

Net increase / (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at the start of the period 

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 

Cash and cash equivalents consists of:  

Cash at bank and in hand 

Bank overdraft 

Group   
2020   
£’000   

Group 
2019 
£’000

Note 

4,829      

 2,314

630       

3,950        

1,215   

(1,424 ) 

(74 ) 

23   

566           

(252 )        

-   

2,475   

149   

1,719   

(741 ) 

13,065   

(190 ) 

(9,005 ) 

 262  

2,952  

1,386 

(1,468 )

        (312 ) 

(12 )

300  

(49 ) 

- 

(1,529 )

     (2,072 )  

1,659 

(65 )

3,366 

(67 )

(5,162 )

-              

 12   

(9,195 ) 

(5,217 )

-              

 135  

9,121        

(3,301 ) 

(1,488 ) 

(200 ) 

26   

(234 ) 

-   

-   

 7 

(1,275 ) 

2,649   

6,519   

93   

6,612   

2,352   

8,964   

8,964   

-   

8,964   

1,568  

(1,311 )

- 

- 

133 

(391 )

(315 )

130 

(1,263 )

(1,314 )

(3,165 )

(40 )

(3,205 )

5,557 

2,352 

2,670 

(318 )

2,352 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

72

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
    
   
  
  
 
  
  
  
    
   
 
  
  
  
  
    
   
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Changes in Equity

Statement of Changes in Equity

James Cropper PLC 
Statement of Changes in Equity - Group

James Cropper PLC 
Statement of Changes in Equity - Company

All figures in £’000 

At  31 March 2018 

Share   
capital   

2,370   

Share   
premium   

Translation   
reserve   

Own   
Shares   

Retained   
earnings   

Total 

1,472   

520   

(1,445 ) 

20,305   

23,222

All figures in £’000 

At  31 March 2018 

Share   
capital   

2,370   

Comprehensive income for the period  

          -               

    -                   

  -              

   -          

2,314            

2,314

Comprehensive income for the period   

                           -            

Share   
premium   

1,472   

-   

Own   
Shares   

(1,445 ) 

-   

Retained   
earnings   

14,270   

4,902   

Total 

16,667

4,902  

Total other comprehensive income 

             -                  

 -                    

(117 )  

              -   

(2,733 ) 

(2,850 )

Total other comprehensive income 

             -                  

 -                               -  

(2,733 ) 

(2,733 )

Dividends paid 

             -                   

-                    

 -                 

-   

(1,263 ) 

Share based payment charge 

             -                   

-                     

-                 

-            

Tax on share options 

-   

-   

-   

-   

(49 )  

(48 ) 

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 

         19                   

116                     

-                

 -                  

 -                

Sale of own shares 

Consideration paid for own shares 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

509   

(315 ) 

(379 ) 

-   

(1,263 )

      (49 ) 

(48 )

135

130

(315 )

Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners of the Group

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial 
application of IFRS 161

19                          116   

-             

194   

(1,739 ) 

(1,410 ) 

2,389   

-   

1,588   

-   

403   

-   

(1,251 ) 

    18,147   

21,276

-   

(519 ) 

(519 ) 

Dividends paid 

Share based payment charge 

Tax on share options 

                 -              

                 -                 

-   

  -   

-   

-   

Proceeds from issue of ordinary shares 

                19                 

 116   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(1,263 ) 

(1,263 )

-                     

(48 )  

          (48 ) 

-   

(48 ) 

-                     

 - 

509   

(315 ) 

(379 ) 

-   

(48 )

135 

130

(315 )

19                          116              

194   

(1,738 ) 

(1,409 ) 

         2,389        

1,588   

(1,251 ) 

              14,701   

17,427

-   

-   

-   

24   

24 

Sale of own shares 

Consideration paid for own shares 

Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners of the Group

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial 
application of IFRS 161

At 31 March 2019  

2,389   

1,588   

403   

(1,251 ) 

17,628   

Comprehensive income for the period 

             -                   

-                     

-                 

-          

       4,829   

20,757

4,829

At 31 March 2019  

2,389   

1,588   

(1,251 ) 

              14,725   

Comprehensive income for the period 

             -                   

-                     

-                 

3,416   

17,451

3,416

Total other comprehensive income 

             -                  

 -   

181                 

Dividends paid 

             -                  

 -                  

   -               

Share based payment charge 

             -                  

 -                    

 -   

Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners of the Group

-   

-                   

  -   

-   

  -   

-   

-   

10,281   

10,462

Total other comprehensive income 

             -                  

 -   

-               

10,583   

10,583

(1,275 ) 

(376 ) 

(1,275 )

(376 )

(1,651 ) 

(1,651 )

Dividends paid 

             -                  

 -                  

   -               

  (1,275 ) 

Share based payment charge 

             -                  

 -                    

 -   

(376 ) 

(1,275 )

(376) 

Total contributions by and 
distributions to owners of the Group

-   

-                   

  -   

(1,651 ) 

(1,651 )

At 28 March 2020 

2,389   

1,588              

584   

(1,251 ) 

31,087   

34,397

At 28 March 2020 

2,389   

1,588            

(1,251 ) 

27,073   

29,799

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach,  
comparative information is not restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at  
the date of the initial application.

1   The Company has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach,  
comparative information is not restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at the  
date of the initial application.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

74

75

 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1  Accounting policies

The principal accounting policies adopted 
in the preparation of these financial 
statements are set out below. These policies 
have been consistently applied to all the 
years presented, unless otherwise stated.

Statement of compliance

These financial statements are 
consolidated financial statements for  
the Group consisting of James Cropper 
PLC, a company registered in the UK,  
and all its subsidiaries. The consolidated 
financial statements have been prepared in 
accordance with International Financial 
Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as adopted 
in the EU, International Financial 
Reporting Interpretations Committee 
(“IFRIC”) interpretations and with those 
parts of the Companies Act 2006 
applicable to companies reporting under 
IFRS. The financial statements of the 
parent company have been prepared in 
accordance with Financial Reporting 
Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure 
Framework (“FRS 101”).

Basis of preparation

The accounting “year” for the Group is a 
52 week accounting period ending 28 
March 2020, (2019: 52 week accounting 
period ended 30 March 2019).

The consolidated financial statements  
have been prepared on a going concern 
basis under the historical cost convention 
except for the revaluation of certain 
financial instruments to fair value. In 
determining the appropriate basis of 
preparation, the impact of the Covid-19 
pandemic has been the major consideration. 
The Board has concluded that it is 
appropriate to adopt the going concern 
basis, having undertaken a rigorous 
assessment of the financial forecasts  
with specific consideration to the trading 
position of the Group in the context  
of the current Covid-19 pandemic.  

The Directors, after reviewing the Group’s 
operating forecasts, investment plans and 
financing arrangements, consider that the 
Company and Group have sufficient 
financing available at the date of approval 
of this report. Accordingly, the Directors 
are satisfied that it is appropriate to adopt 
the going concern basis in preparing the 
Annual Report and Accounts. Further 
details of the actions taken can be found in 
the Chief Executive’s Review (pages 08 to 
12) and the Chief Financial Officer’s 
Review (pages 13 to 17). 

The financial statements are presented 
in Pounds Sterling, being the currency  
of the primary economic environment in 
which the Group operates. All values are 
rounded to the nearest thousand pounds, 
except where otherwise indicated.  
On publishing the parent company 
financial statements here together  
with the Group financial statements,  
the Company is taking advantage of  
the exemption in s408 of the Companies 
Act 2006 not to present its individual 
Statement of Comprehensive Income  
and related notes that form a part of  
these approved financial statements.  

Basis of consolidation

The financial statements of the Group 
consolidate the accounts of the Company 
and those of its subsidiary undertakings.  
No subsidiaries are excluded from 
consolidation. The results and cash  
flows of subsidiary undertakings acquired 
are included from the effective date of 
acquisition. Intragroup balances and  
any unrealised income and expenses 
arising from intragroup transactions  
are eliminated in preparing the 
consolidated financial statements.

Subsidiaries are entities controlled  
by the Group. Control exists when the 
Group has the power, directly or 
indirectly, to govern the financial and 
operating policies of an entity so as to 

obtain benefits from its activities.  
The financial statements of subsidiaries 
are included in the consolidated  
financial statements from the date  
that control commences until the  
date that control ceases. 

(a)  Revenue recognition

Revenue represents income derived  
from contracts for the provision of goods 
or services by the Company and its 
subsidiary undertakings to customers  
in exchange for consideration in the 
ordinary course of the Group’s business. 
Upon approval by the parties to a 
contract, the contract is assessed to 
identify each promise to transfer either  
a distinct good or service, or a series 
of distinct goods or services that are 
substantially the same and have the  
same pattern of transfer to the customer. 
Revenue from the sale of goods is 
recognised when control of the goods  
have been transferred to the buyer.  
Goods are identified as products made 
from either natural fibres, (e.g. paper or 
moulded paper products, or man-made 
fibres, (e.g. highly technical nonwoven 
products made by the TFP division).  
In addition, revenue for services are also 
received (e.g. revenue for design and set up 
of moulded fibre ColourformTM products). 
Any revenue received for such services are 
recognised over the term of the contract. 

Revenue is recognised when:

•    the Group has transferred  

control to the buyer;

•   all significant performance  
obligations have been met;

•   the Group retains neither continuing 
managerial involvement nor effective 
control over the goods;

•   It is probable that the economic  
benefits associated with the  
transaction will flow to the Group;

•   The amount of revenue  
can be measured reliably.

Transfer of control varies depending  
on the individual terms of the contract  
of sale. For sales in the UK, transfer of 
control occurs when the goods are 
despatched to the customer. However, for 
some international shipments, transfer of 
control occurs either upon loading the 
goods onto the relevant carrier or when 
the goods have arrived in the overseas 
port. The point of transfer of control for 
international shipments is dictated by the 
terms of each sale.

Although the majority of the group’s 
contracts with customers are not complex, 
with revenue being fixed for a specific 
quantity of goods, the Group has 
identified a number of contracts in which 
customers are given volume rebates and/or 
other promotional rebates based on 
quantities purchased over a contractually 
agreed period of time. 

(b)  Operating segments 

IFRS 8 Operating Segments requires that 
entities reflect the ‘management approach’ 
to reporting the financial performance of 
its operating segments. Management has 
determined the segments that are reported 
in a manner consistent with the internal 
reporting provided to the chief operating 
decision-maker, identified as the Executive 
Committee that makes strategic decisions. 
The committee considers the business 
principally via the three main operating 
segments. Operating segments are those 
components of the Group that are engaged 
in providing a group of related products 
that are subject to risks and returns that 
are different to other operating segments. 
Geographical areas are components where 
the eventual product destination is in a 
particular geographic environment which 
is subject to risks and returns that are 
different from other such areas. Costs are 
allocated to segments based on the segment 
to which they relate. Central costs are 
recharged on an appropriate basis.

Management responsibility and reporting 
for the two Paper subsidiaries has been 
merged into one operating segment referred 
to as Paper products in order to achieve 
greater customer and operational synergies.

(c)  Emission quotas

The Group participates in phase III of the 
EU Emissions Trading Scheme. The 
Group has adopted an accounting policy 
which recognises the emission allowances 
as an intangible asset and an associated 
liability. The intangible asset is valued at 
the market price on the date of issue.  

The liability is valued at the market  
price on the date of issue up to the  
level of allocated allowances held.  
Should emissions exceed the annual 
allowance any excess of liability above  
the level of the allowances held is valued  
at the market price ruling at the Statement 
of Financial Position date and charged 
against operating profit. Allowances not 
utilised are maintained against a potential 
future shortfall. When allowances are 
utilised both the intangible asset and 
liability are amortised to the Statement  
of Comprehensive Income.

(d)  Foreign currencies

The consolidated financial statements  
are presented in Pounds Sterling,  
which is the Group’s presentational 
currency. Transactions in foreign 
currencies are translated at the foreign 
exchange rate ruling at the date of the 
transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities 
denominated in foreign currencies at  
the Statement of Financial Position date 
are translated at the foreign exchange  
rate ruling at that date. Foreign exchange 
differences arising on translation  
are recognised in the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income. Non-monetary 
assets and liabilities that are measured  
in terms of historical cost in a foreign 
currency are translated using the exchange 
rate at the date of the transaction. 

The assets and liabilities of foreign 
operations are translated at foreign 
exchange rates ruling at the Statement of 
Financial Position date. The revenues and 
expenses of foreign operations are 
translated at an average rate for the period 
where this rate approximates to the 
foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates 
of the transactions. Exchange differences 
arising from translation of foreign 
operations are taken directly to the 
translation reserve; they are released into 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income 
upon disposal.

The portion of gain or loss on foreign 
currency borrowings that are used to 
hedge a net investment in a foreign 
operation, that is determined to be an 
effective hedge, is included as a movement 
in the cumulative translation reserve.  
On subsequent disposal such gains or 
losses will form part of the profit/loss  
on disposal within the Statement of 
Comprehensive Income. Any ineffective 
portion is recognised immediately in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income.

(e)  Intangible fixed assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost  
less accumulated amortisation and 
accumulated impairments losses,  
if any. The following useful lives have 
been determined for intangible assets.

•  Trade secrets such as 
  processes or unique recipes      10 years

•  Computer software 

3 - 10 years

•  Emission Allowances 

0 - 1 year

(f)  Property plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated 
at cost less accumulated depreciation and 
impairment losses. Depreciation is 
provided on all property, plant and 
equipment, other than freehold land, at 
rates calculated to write off the cost less 
residual value of each asset evenly over its 
expected useful life, as follows:

•   Freehold land 
and buildings 

14 - 40 years

•  Plant and machinery   

2 - 20 years

Residual values and useful  
lives are reviewed annually.

(g)  Impairment of assets

At each reporting date, the Group assesses 
whether there is any indication that an 
asset may be impaired. Where an indicator 
of impairment exists, the Group makes an 
estimate of recoverable amount. Where the 
carrying value of an asset exceeds its 
recoverable amount the asset is written 
down to its recoverable amount. 
Recoverable amount is the higher of fair 
value less costs to sell and value in use and 
is deemed for an individual asset. If the 
asset does not generate cash flows that are 
largely independent of those from other 
assets or groups of assets, the recoverable 
amount of the cash generating unit to 
which the asset belongs is determined. 
Discount rates reflecting the asset specific 
risks and the time value of money are used 
for the value in use calculation.

(h)  Research and development

Research expenditure is recognised as an 
expense as incurred. Costs incurred on 
development projects (relating to the 
design and testing of new or improved 
products) are recognised as intangible 
assets when the IAS 38 conditions are met. 
Other development expenditures are 
recognised as an expense as incurred. 
Development costs with a finite useful life 
that have been capitalised are amortised 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

76

77

Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

from the commencement of the 
commercial production of the product on 
a straight-line basis over the period of its 
expected benefit, not exceeding 5 years.

benefits from use of the identified  
asset throughout the period of use, 
considering its rights within the 
defined scope of the contract;

(i)  Research & development tax credit 

Research and development expenditure 
credit (RDEC) is recognised within  
other operating income.

(j)  IFRS 16 ‘Leases’

The Group has adopted IFRS 16 from 31 
March 2019 using a modified retrospective 
transition approach, under which the 
cumulative effect of initial application  
is recognised in retained earnings at 31 
March 2019. The comparative information 
presented for the period ended 30 March 
2019 has not been restated.

The main impact of IFRS 16 for the  
Group is the recognition of all future  
lease liabilities on the balance sheet. 
Corresponding right-of-use assets  
have also been recognised on the balance 
sheet representing the economic benefits 
of the Group’s right to use the underlying 
leased assets.

On transition to IFRS 16, the Group has 
elected to apply the following practical 
expedients permitted by the standard:

-   Excluding any operating leases  
with a remaining lease term of  
less than 12 months.

-   Excluding any low value leases  

(less than £5,000).

For the period ended 28 March 2020, 
the Group had no low values leases  
and two leases with a lease term of  
less than 12 months.

On transition to IFRS 16 the weighted 
average incremental borrowing rate 
applied to lease liabilities where no rate is 
included in the lease contract was 3.6%.

For any new contracts entered into on or 
after 31 March 2019, the Group considered 
whether a contract is or contains a lease.  
A lease is defined as a contract that conveys 
the right to use of an asset for a period of 
time in exchange for consideration. To apply 
this definition, the Group assesses whether 
the contract meets three key evaluations:

-   the contract contains an identified asset, 
which is either explicitly identified in 
the contract or implicitly specified  
by being identified at the time the  
asset is made available to the Group;

-   the Group has the right to obtain 
substantially all of the economic 

-   the Group has the right to direct  
the use of the identified asset 
throughout the period of use. 

For all periods prior to 31 March 2019,  
the Group classified its vehicle and 
equipment leases as finance leases.  
These leases are on terms that transfer 
substantially all the risks and rewards  
of ownership. The accounting treatment for 
finance leases is similar to the accounting 
treatment for leases under IFRS 16. Leased 
assets are capitalised at inception and 
payments apportioned between finance 
charges and reduction of the lease liability. 
The interest element is charged to the 
income statement and the capitalised leased 
assets are depreciated over the shorter of 
the estimated useful economic life of the 
asset or the lease term. For finance leases, 
the carrying amounts of the right-of-use 
assets and the lease liabilities on transition 
at 31 March 2019 were equal to the carrying 
amounts of the finance lease assets and 
finance lease liabilities recognised at the  
30 March year end.

The Group also previously held leases in 
relation to long leasehold property leases 
and operating assets. Under IFRS 16, there 
is no longer a distinction between operating 
and finance leases. As a result, the operating 
leases have been remeasured on transition 
with future lease payments discounted at 
the incremental borrowing rate applicable 
on 31 March 2019. The following table 
presents the reconciliation of lease liabilities 
at 30 March 2019:

£’000

Minimum lease payments under  
non-cancellable operating  
leases at 30 March 2019 

4,346

Minimum lease payments under  
non-cancellable finance  
leases at 30 March 2019 

1,920

Discounted using the 
incremental borrowing  
rate at 31 March 2019 

Assessment of lease  
term on transition 

(1,228)

1,092

Lease liabilities recognised under  
IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019 

6,130

Transition

The opening balance sheet position  
as at 31 March 2019 has been restated  
on transition to IFRS 16.  

The Group recognised additional right-of-
use assets, lease liabilities and deferred tax 
liabilities, recognising the difference in 
retained earnings. Comparative periods 
have not been restated.

Increase / (decrease) 

£’000

Assets 

Property, plant and equipment 

(4,274 )

Right of use assets 

7,967

Liabilities 

Lease liabilities  
- current 

Lease liabilities  
– non current 

Finance lease liabilities  
– current 

Finance lease liabilities 
 – non current 

Deferred tax liabilities 

Equity 

(980 )

(5,150 )

778

1,142

(2 )

Retained earnings 

(519 ) 

(k)  Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of  
cost and net realisable value. The cost  
of finished goods and work in progress 
comprises design costs, raw materials, 
direct labour, other direct costs and 
related production overheads (based on 
normal operating capacity). It excludes 
borrowing costs. Net realisable value is 
the estimated selling price in the ordinary 
course of business, less applicable variable 
selling expenses. Engineering spares are 
included within inventories.

(l)  Grants

Capital grants are credited to a deferral 
account and released to income over the 
expected useful lives of the relevant assets. 
Grants of a revenue nature are credited to 
the Statement of Comprehensive Income 
in the period to which they relate.

(m) Investments

Trade investments are stated at cost less 
any impairment in value. The Group’s 
share of the profit is included in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income  
on the equity accounting basis. 

(n)  Trade receivables

Trade receivables are recorded at their 
initial fair value after appropriate revision 
of impairment. A provision for impairment 
is calculated using an expected credit loss 
impairment model. Under this impairment 
model approach, per IFRS 9, it is not 

necessary for a credit event to have 
occurred before credit losses are 
recognized. Instead, an entity always 
accounts for expected credit losses and 
changes in those expected credit losses.  
The amount of expected credit losses is 
updated at each reporting date. To measure 
expected credit losses the Group refers to 
historical credit loss experiences and adjust 
for current and forward looking 
information on macroeconomic factors 
affecting the group’s customers including 
the state of the economy and industrial 
specific factors in countries where the 
group operates. Trade receivables are 
amortised at cost using the effective 
interest method, less any impairment.

(o)  Trade payables

Trade payables are stated at their fair 
value. Trade payables are subsequently 
stated at amortised cost using the effective 
interest method.

(p)  Other income

Other income includes the research and 
development expenditure credit (RDEC), 
royalties received and grants received for 
funded projects.

(q)  Hedge Accounting

Cash flow hedge:
Where a derivative financial instrument is 
designated as a hedge of the variability in 
cash flows of a recognised asset or liability 
the effective part of any gain or loss on the 
derivative financial instrument is 
recognised in other comprehensive income. 
Any ineffective portion of the hedge is 
recognised immediately in the income 
statement. Hedging relationships are 
classified as cash flow hedges where the 
hedging instrument hedges exposure to 
variability in cash flows that is attributable 
either to a particular risk associated with a 
recognised asset or liability such as interest 
payments or variable rate debt.

Hedges of net investment in a foreign entity:
The effective portion of the gain or loss  
on the hedging instrument is recognised 
directly in equity, while the ineffective 
portion is recognised in the income 
statement. Amounts taken to equity  
are transferred to the income statement 
when the foreign entity is sold.

less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts 
are shown as borrowings within current 
liabilities on the Statement of Financial 
Position. Bank overdrafts that are 
repayable on demand and form an integral 
part of the Group’s cash management are 
included as a component of cash and cash 
equivalents for the purpose only of the 
Statement of Cash Flows.

(s)  Borrowing costs

Borrowings are recognised initially at fair 
value, net of transaction costs incurred. 
Borrowings are subsequently stated at 
amortised cost; any difference between 
the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and 
the redemption value is recognised in the 
Statement of Comprehensive Income over 
the period of the borrowings using the 
effective interest method. 

(t)  Interest

Interest is recognised in the Statement  
of Comprehensive Income on an accruals 
basis using the effective interest method.

(u)   Share based payments  

and Own Shares Held

The Group operates two equity settled 
share based payment schemes: A Share 
Incentive Plan open to all employees and  
a Long-Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) for 
certain Directors and senior managers. 
The SIP Trust (SIP) holds shares used to 
allow employees to salary sacrifice any 
annual profit bonus either in full or part 
to acquire partnership shares in the 
Company, which are held by the SIP Trust 
for a period of 3-5 years. The Employee 
benefit Trust (EBT) holds shares for the 
granting and vesting of shares under the 
LTIP scheme. The cost of purchasing and 
transferring own shares held by both the 
SIP and EBT are shown as movements 
against equity.

The Group recognises an expense to the 
Income Statement representing the fair 
value of outstanding equity settled 
share-based payment awards to employees 
which have not vested as at the period end.

as a going concern, in order to provide 
returns to the shareholder and benefits  
to other stakeholders. The Group,  
and Company, invest in financial assets 
that will provide an adequate level of 
return to the shareholder commensurate 
with the level of risk.

The Group and Company manages the 
capital structure and adjusts this in light of 
the changes in the economic conditions and 
risk associated with the underlying assets. 
In order to maintain or adjust the capital 
structure, the Group and Company may 
adjust the amount of any dividend paid  
to the shareholder, return capital to the 
shareholder, issues new shares, or sell assets 
to reduce debt. Details of borrowings can 
be seen in note 16 and shareholdings can  
be referred to in note 20. The Group,  
and Company, are not subject to any 
externally imposed capital requirements. 
There have been no material changes in the 
management of capital during the period.

(w) Taxation 

Tax on the Statement of Comprehensive 
Income for the year comprises current  
and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in  
the Statement of Comprehensive Income, 
according to the accounting treatment  
of the related transaction.

Deferred tax is provided on temporary 
differences between the carrying amounts 
of assets and liabilities for financial 
reporting purposes and the amounts used 
for taxation purposes. The following 
temporary differences are not provided  
for: the initial recognition of goodwill;  
the initial recognition of assets or 
liabilities that affect neither accounting 
nor taxable profit other than in a business 
combination, and differences relating to 
investments in subsidiaries to the extent 
that they will probably not reverse in the 
foreseeable future. The amount of deferred 
tax provided is based on the expected 
manner of realisation or settlement of the 
carrying amount of assets and liabilities, 
using tax rates enacted or substantively 
enacted at the Statement of Financial 
Position date.

The fair values are charged to the Income 
statement over the relevant vesting period 
adjusted to reflect actual and expected 
vesting levels. 

A deferred tax asset is recognised only  
to the extent that it is probable that  
future taxable profits will be available 
against which the asset can be utilised. 

(r)  Cash and cash equivalents

(v)  Capital Management 

(x)  Retirement benefits

Cash and cash equivalents includes cash  
in hand, deposits held at call with banks, 
other short-term highly liquid investments 
with original maturities of three months or 

Group and Company’s capital includes 
share capital, reserves and retained 
earnings. The Group and Company’s 
policies ensure the ability to continue  

The Group operates various  
pension schemes. The schemes are 
generally funded through payments  
to trustee-administered funds,  

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

78

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

determined by periodic actuarial 
valuations. The Group has both defined 
benefit and defined contribution plans.  
A defined benefit plan is a pension plan 
that defines an amount of pension  
benefit that an employee will receive  
on retirement. A defined contribution  
plan is a pension plan under which the 
Group pays fixed contributions.

The liability recognised in the  
Statement of Financial Position in  
respect of defined benefit pension  
plans is the present value of the defined 
benefit obligation at the Statement  
of Financial Position date less the  
fair value of plan assets. 

The defined benefit obligation is 
calculated annually by independent 
actuaries using the projected unit  
credit method. 

The present value of the defined benefit 
obligation is determined by discounting 
the estimated future cash flows using 
interest rates of high-quality corporate 
bonds that are denominated in the 
currency in which the benefits will  
be paid, and that have terms to  
maturity approximating to the  
terms of the related pension liability.

Actuarial gains and losses arising from 
experience adjustments and changes in 
actuarial assumptions are recognised in 
the period in which they occur outside of 
Statement of Comprehensive Income in 
the Statement of Changes in Equity.

Past service costs are recognised 
immediately in income, unless the  
changes to the pension plan are 
conditional on the employees remaining  
in service for a specified period of time 
(the vesting period). In this case, the 
past-service costs are amortised on a 
straight-line basis over the vesting period.

For defined contribution plans, the Group 
pays agreed contributions to the schemes. 
The Group has no further payment 
obligations once the contributions  
have been paid. The contributions  
are recognised as an employee benefit 
expense when they are due.

(y)  Non-GAAP performance measures

In the reporting of financial information, 
the Group has adopted certain non-
GAAP measures of historical or future 
financial performance, position or cash 
flows other than those defined or specified 
under International Financial Reporting 
Standards (IFRSs).

2  Segmental reporting

IFRS 8 Operating Segments - requires 
that entities adopt the ‘management 
approach’ to reporting the financial 
performance of its operating segments.

Management has determined the segments 
that are reported in a manner consistent 
with the internal reporting provided to 
the chief operating decision maker, 
identified as the Executive Committee 
that makes strategic decisions. 

The committee considers the business 
principally via the four main operating 
segments, principally based in the UK:

• 

 James Cropper Paper Products  
(Paper): comprising:

-   JC Speciality Papers – relates to  
James Cropper Speciality Papers, 
a manufacturer of specialist paper  
and boards.

-    JC Converting – relates to  

James Cropper Converting,  
a converter of paper.

• 

 James Cropper 3D Products  
(ColourformTM) – a manufacturer  
of moulded fibre products.

• 

 Technical Fibre Products (TFP)  
– a manufacturer of advanced materials.

• 

  Group Services – comprises central 
functions providing services to the 
subsidiary companies.

“Eliminations” refers to the elimination  
of inter-segment revenues, profits  
and investments. 

“Adjusted Operating Profit before IAS 19” 
refers to operating profits prior to the IAS 
19 pension adjustment. 

The “IAS 19 pension adjustment” refers  
to the impact on operating profits of  
the pension schemes’ operating costs,  
as described in the IAS 19 section of the 
Financial Review. 

“Interest Expense” incorporates the IAS 19 
pension impact of the pension schemes’ 
finance costs, as described in the IAS 19 
section of the Financial Review.

Inter segment transactions are performed 
in the normal course of business and at 
arm’s length.

Operating Segments 
Period ended 28 March 2020

All figures in £’000 

 Paper    Colourform   

TFP   

Group   
Services   

    Continuing 
Other    Operations 

Revenue

External 

Segment Profit

75,545   

   75,545   

2,586   

2,586   

26,536   

26,536   

Adjusted Operating Profit before IAS 19 

3,406   

(1,378 ) 

IAS 19 Pension adjustments to profit 

 -    

-    

3,406   

(1,378 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

7,753   

-   

7,753   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(2,775 ) 

(671 )  

(3,446 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

104,667

104,667

234   

-    

234   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

7,240

(671 )

6,569

(1,136 )

26

5,459

(630 )

4,829

52,873   

(52,097 ) 

6,443   

(13,490 ) 

58,525   

(48,844 ) 

71,167   

(41,349 ) 

(106,085 ) 

107,347   

82,923

(48,433 )

Non-GAAP measures are either not 
defined by IFRS or are adjusted IFRS 
figures, and therefore may not be directly 
comparable with other companies’ 
reported non-GAAP measures, including 
those in the Group’s industry.

normal retirement dates for male and 
female members of the Staff Scheme. 
An estimate of the additional liability 
was included in the financial 
statements for the year ended 31 
March 2019. 

Where non-GAAP measures have  
been used, it is the belief of the Group  
that such measures help provide a  
clearer understanding of the  
underlying performance.

Non-GAAP measures should be 
considered in addition to, and are  
not intended to be a substitute for,  
or superior to, IFRS measures.

(z)  Use of estimates and judgements

The preparation of financial statements  
in conformity with generally accepted 
accounting principles requires the use of 
estimates and judgements that affect the 
reported amounts of assets and liabilities 
at the date of the financial statements and 
the reported amounts of revenues and 
expenses during the reporting period. 
Although these estimates are based  
on management’s best knowledge  
of the amount, event or actions,  
actual results ultimately may differ  
from those estimates.

The Group’s key sources of significant 
estimates are as detailed below:

The Group’s significant areas  
of judgement would include:

(i)  Revenue recognition

 Judgement is required in deciding 
when and at what rate some volume 
rebates awarded to customers are 
accrued for. When variable rates are 
awarded depending on the projected 
total volume over the contractual 
period, a judgement of the probability 
of achieving the required volumes is 
made. Likewise, when recognising 
contributions towards the set up and 
design costs for ColourformTM which 
are recognised over the length of the 
contract or levels of production, 
judgement is required to determine 
over what period the revenue should 
be recognised.

(ii)  Expected Credit Losses

 When determining amounts of 
expected credit losses, judgement  
is required to ascertain the likelihood 
of losses, based on historic 
information and forward 
macroeconomic factors.

(i)  Retirement benefits

(iii) Right-of use assets

 Significant judgement is exercised  
in determining the lease term.  
IFRS 16 defines the lease term  
as the ‘non-cancellable’ period  
beyond which any extension is  
not reasonably certain. 

Significant judgement is exercised in 
determining the incremental borrowing 
rate. IFRS 16 requires the borrowing rate 
should represent what the lessee would 
have to pay to borrow over a similar term 
and with similar security, the funds 
necessary to obtain an asset of similar 
value in a similar economic environment.

Operating Profit 

Interest Expense 

Interest income 

Profit before tax 

Tax on profit for period 

Profit for the period  

Total Assets 

Total Liabilities 

 IAS 19 Employee Benefits (Revised 
2011) requires the Group to make 
assumptions including, but not 
limited to, rates of inflation, discount 
rates and life expectancies. The use of 
different assumptions, in any of the 
above calculations, could have a 
material effect on the accounting 
values of the relevant statement of 
financial position assets and liabilities 
which could also result in a change  
to the cost of such liabilities as 
recognised in profit or loss over time. 
These assumptions are subject to 
periodic review. The Group takes 
specialist advice and seeks to follow 
the most appropriate method, applied 
consistently from year to year.  
See note 19 for additional information.

(ii)  Contingencies

 The Group have identified that the 
historical valuation of the defined 
benefit pension obligation did not 
capture the potential additional 
liabilities arising in relation to the 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

80

81

 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

Operating Segments 
Period ended 30 March 2019

All figures in £’000 

 Paper    Colourform   

TFP   

Group   
Services   

      Continuing 
Other      Operations 

Revenue

External 

Segment Profit

74,318   

   74,318   

290   

290   

26,487   

26,487   

Adjusted Operating Profit before IAS 19 

(1,992 ) 

(2,462 ) 

IAS 19 Pension adjustments to profit 

-   

-   

(1,992 ) 

(2,462 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

8,883   

-   

8,883   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

Operating Profit 

Interest Expense restated 

Interest income 

Profit before tax restated 

Tax on profit for period 

Profit for the period restated 

Total Assets 

Total Liabilities 

-   

-   

(167 ) 

(854 ) 

(1,021 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

-     

101,095

101,095

4,262

(854 )

3,408

(965 )

133

2,576

(262 )

2,314

3 Finance Costs

Finance costs include costs in respect of interest payable on borrowings and our defined benefit pension schemes.  
Finance income includes interest received from short term deposits and fair value movements.

All figures in £’000 

Finance costs 

Interest payable on bank borrowings 

Interest payable in relation to lease liabilities1 

Net finance costs arising on defined benefit schemes 

Total finance costs 

Finance income 

Finance income in respect of cash and short term investments 

Other Finance income 

Total finance income 

Net finance costs 

2020   

2019

392   

200   

544   

1,136   

26   

-   

26   

1,110   

366

67

532

965

29

104

133

832

73,189   

(66,076 ) 

5,383   

(10,893 ) 

50,749   

(40,883 ) 

62,995   

(45,568 ) 

(122,859 )   

115,239     

69,457

(48,181 )

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach,  
comparative information is not restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at  
the date of initial application.

The Group’s country of domicile is the UK. Revenue from external customers is based on the customer’s location and arises entirely  
from the sale of goods. Non – current assets are based on the location of the assets and exclude financial assets, deferred tax assets and 
post – employment benefit net assets.

4 Profit before taxation

All figures in £’000 

UK 

Europe 

Asia 

The Americas 

Australasia 

Africa 

Total 

Revenues from  
external customers  

Non – current assets 
excluding deferred tax

2020   

41,785   

27,357   

9,705   

24,517   

994   

309   

2019    

44,177   

23,299   

7,763   

24,377   

1,171   

308   

2020   

32,137   

-   

-   

2019

25,394

-

-

5,147   

2,610

-   

-   

-

-

104,667   

101,095   

37,284   

28,004

All figures in £’000 

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 161 

Additions to non-current assets 

 Paper    Colourform   

406   

1,595   

 - 

1,320   

TFP   

2,854   

5,802   

Group   
Services   

433   

290   

Total 

3,693

9,008

The following items have been charged / (credited) in arriving at profit before tax: 

Staff costs 

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment 
- owned assets 
- leased assets 
- amortisation of intangibles 

Loss/(profit) on disposal of  fixed assets 

Other operating lease rentals payable 
- Plant & machinery 

Repairs and maintenance expenditure on property, plant and equipment 

Research & development tax credits 

Government grants received 

Research and development expenditure 

Foreign exchange differences 

Trade receivables impairment 

Government grants relate to assistance received for research projects and the development of new technology

Services Provided by the Group’s Auditor and network firms 

During the year the group obtained the following services from the group’s auditor at costs as detailed below:

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019, using the modified retrospective approach. Under this approach,  
comparative information is not restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at  
the date of the initial application.

All figures in £’000 

Audit Services 

Fees payable to the company’s auditor for the audit of parent company and consolidated accounts 

Other services

Remuneration payable to the company’s auditor for the auditing of 
subsidiary accounts and associates of the company pursuant to legislation 
(including that of countries and territories outside Great Britain) 

2020   
£’000   

2019 
£’000

30,388   

28,183

2,706   
1,089   
155   

23   

-   

4,645   

(422 ) 

(3 ) 

3,947   

(307 ) 

308   

2,273 
526 
153

(12 )

194

4,572

(555 )

(6 )

3,981

(312 )

101

2020   

2019

 20   

53   

73   

20

54 

74

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

82

83

 
   
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
    
    
  
   
   
 
   
  
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

5 Taxation

Analysis of charge in the period

Continuing operations 

Current tax 

Adjustments in respect of prior period current tax 

Total current tax 

Deferred tax 

Adjustments in respect of prior period deferred tax  

Effects of changes in tax rate 

Total deferred tax 

Tax per Statement of Comprehensive Income 

2020    

2019  

 Note   

£’000    

£’000 

572   

138   

710   

229   

(42 ) 

(267 ) 

(80 ) 

630   

259

(149 )

110

107

56

(11 )

152

262

20   

6 Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is calculated on the Group profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders of £4.8m   
(2019: £2.3m) divided by 9.6m (2019: 9.5m), being the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.

Diluted earnings per share reflects any commitments made by the Group to issue shares in the future. The weighted average number of 
ordinary shares in issue is adjusted to assume conversion of all dilutive potential ordinary shares. Current share options would be vested 
by awarding shares already in existence. At 28 March 2020 there were no potential dilutive share options outstanding (2019: nil). 

2020   

2019 

Weighted   
average   
number   
of share   
‘000   

Earnings   
 £’000   

Amount   
per share   
pence   

Earnings   
£’000   

Weighted 
average 
number   
of share   
‘000   

Amount 
per share 
pence

4,829   

9,555   

50.6   

2,314   

9,516   

24.3 

Basic EPS

Earnings attributable to 
ordinary shareholders

Tax on items charged to other comprehensive income 

Deferred tax on actuarial gains on retirement benefit liabilities 

2,481   

(554 )

Diluted EPS 

4,829   

9,555   

Effect of dilutive securities – options 

-   

-   

-   

50.6   

-   

-   

2,314   

9,516   

-

24.3

Tax on items charged to equity

Deferred tax on share options 

The tax for the period is lower (2019: lower) than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2019: 19%).

The differences are explained below:

Continuing operations 

Profit before tax  

Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by rate 
of corporation tax in the UK of 19% (2019: 19%) 

Effects of: 

Adjustments to tax in respect of prior period  

Changes to tax rates1 

Deferred tax on share options  

Overseas tax   

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes  

Income not taxable 

Deferred tax not recognised in overseas jurisdictions 

Other  

Total tax charge for the period 

(125 ) 

(48 )

2020    
 £’000    

5,459    

2019 
£’000 

2,576

1,037    

489

96    

(267 ) 

(106 ) 

-    

45    

-   

(127 ) 

(48 ) 

630   

(93 )

(11 )

-

-

40

(26 )

(95 )

(42 )

262

1    Following an announcement in the Budget on 11 March 2020, which was substantively enacted on 17 March 2020, the UK  
corporation tax rate applicable from 1 April 2020 now remains at 19%, rather than the previously enacted reduction to 17%.

7 Dividends

All figures in £’000 

Final paid for the period ended 30 March 2019 / period ended 31 March 2018 
Interim paid for the period ended 28 March 2020 / period ended 30 March 2019 

Total dividends paid in the year 

2020    

1,039   
236   

1,275   

Final dividend payment paid pence per share for the period ended 30 March 2019 / period ended 31 March 2018 

11.0 p 

Interim dividend payment paid pence per share for the period ended 28 March 2020 / period ended 30 March 2019 

2.5 p 

In addition, the directors are not proposing a final dividend in respect of the financial period ended 28 March 2020  
(2019: 11.0p per share) which will absorb an estimated £nil (2019: £1,039,000) of shareholders’ funds.

2019 

1,027   
236

1,263

11.0 p

2.5 p

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

84

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

8 Intangible assets

9 Property plant and equipment

    Group   

    Company

Group

Computer    Development   

Emission   
Costs    Secrets    Allowances   

Trade   

    Computer   

Emission 

Total   

Software    Allowances    Total

All figures in £’000 

Software   

Cost 

At 30 March 2019 

Additions 

Disposals/surrender of allowances 

At 28 March 2020 

Aggregate amortisation 

At 30 March 2019 

Charge for Period 

At 28 March 2020 

4,046   

190   

-   

4,236   

3,934   

42   

3,976   

Net book value at 28 March 2020 

260   

115   

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

112   

228   

457   

310   

25   

4,838   

3,906   

25   

3,931

-   

-   

-   

-   

619   

809   

(524 ) 

(524 ) 

190   

-   

619   

809

(524 ) 

(524 )

457   

310   

120   

5,123   

4,096   

120   

4,216

229   

113   

342   

310   

-   

310   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

4,473   

155   

4,628   

3,825   

25   

3,850   

-   

-   

-   

3,825

25

3,850

120   

495   

246   

120   

366

25   

365   

81   

25   

106

    Group   

    Company

All figures in £’000 

Software   

Computer    Development   

Emission   
Costs    Secrets    Allowances   

Trade   

    Computer   

Emission 

Total   

Software    Allowances    Total

Cost 

At 31 March 2018 

Additions  

Disposals/surrender of allowances 

3,979   

457   

310   

70   

4,816   

3,845   

67   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

143   

210   

(188 ) 

(188 ) 

61   

-   

70   

3,915

143   

204

(188 ) 

(188 )

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 161 

As at 31 March 2019 

Transfers from right-of-use assets3 

Additions at cost 

Disposals 

Effects of movements in foreign exchange 

Freehold land   
& buildings   

Plant &    Assets under 
construction2   

machinery   

11,574   

-   

11,574   

-   

2,892   

-   

-   

91,034   

(6,419 ) 

84,615   

4,582   

95   

(48 ) 

138   

-   

-   

-   

-   

5,502   

-   

-   

Total

102,608

(6,419 )

96,189

4,582

8,489

(48 )

138

At 28 March 2020 

14,466   

89,382   

5,502   

109,350

Accumulated Depreciation  

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 161 

As at 31 March 2019 

Transfers from right-of-use assets3 

Charge for period 

Disposals 

At 28 March 2020 

Net book value at 28 March 2020 

Net book value on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

7,214   

-   

7,214   

-   

233   

-   

67,755   

(2,145 ) 

65,610   

1,961   

2,473   

(23 ) 

7,447   

70,021   

7,019   

4,360   

4,360   

19,361   

19,005   

23,279   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

5,502   

-   

-   

74,969

(2,145 )

72,824

1,961

2,706

(23 )

77,468

31,882

23,365

27,639

At 30 March 2019 

4,046   

457   

310   

25   

4,838   

3,906   

25   

3,931

2  Assets under construction comprise the expenditure to date on the extension of the TFP building and line 4.

Aggregate amortisation 

At 31 March 2018 

Charge for Period 

Disposals/surrender of allowances 

3,895   

39   

-   

115   

114   

-   

310   

-   

-   

At 30 March 2019 

3,934   

229   

310   

-   

-   

-   

-   

4,320   

3,803   

153   

-   

22   

-   

4,473   

3,825   

-   

-   

-   

-   

3,803

22

-

3,825  

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

Net book value at 31 March 2018 

112   

84   

228   

342   

-   

-   

25   

70   

365   

496   

81   

42   

25   

70   

106

112

The computer software capitalised principally relates to the ongoing development of the Group’s Enterprise Resource Planning and 
Financial systems. There is a separate Enterprise Resource Planning system for the Technical Fibre Products Business segment and the 
remaining amortisation period of this asset at the period end is 1 year.

The trade secrets relate to certain recipes and know how acquired within the TFP division.

The Emission Allowances relate to the allowances received through the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EUETS) and are valued at 
market value at the date of initial recognition. The allocated allowances are held throughout each compliance period and are used to meet 
the Group’s emissions obligations.

3   Assets held under right-of-use assets where ownership is transferred to the Group/Company at the end of the lease are transferred from 

right-of-use assets (note 10) to property, plant and equipment.

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

Brought forward at 31 March 2018 

Additions at cost 

Disposals 

Effects of movements in foreign exchange 

At 30 March 2019 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Brought forward at 31 March 2018 

Charge for period 

Disposals 

At 30 March 2019 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

Net book value at 31 March 2018 

Freehold land   
& buildings   

Plant &    Assets under 
construction   

machinery   

11,154   

420   

-   

-   

86,251   

4,742   

(159 ) 

200   

11,574   

91,034   

6,985   

229   

-   

7,214   

4,360   

4,169   

65,307   

2,570   

(122 ) 

67,755   

23,279   

20,944   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

Total

97,405

5,162

(159 )

200

102,608 

72,292

2,799

(122 )

74,969

27,639 

25,113

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

Company

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 161 

As at 31 March 2019 

Transfers 

Additions at cost 

At 28 March 2020 

Accumulated Depreciation  

At 30 March 2019 

Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 161 

At 31 March 2019 

Charge for period 

At 28 March 2020 

Net book value at 28 March 2020 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

Brought forward at 31 March 2018 

Transfers 

Additions at cost 

At 30 March 2019 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Brought forward at 31 March 2018 

Charge for period 

At 30 March 2019 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

Net book value at 31 March 2018 

Freehold land   
& buildings   

Plant & 
machinery   

    1,683   

-   

1,683   

-   

11   

1,694   

486   

-   

486   

22   

508   

1,186   

1,197   

2,606   

(131 ) 

2,475   

(9 ) 

202   

2,668   

1,897   

(84 ) 

1,813   

116   

1,929   

739   

709   

Freehold land   
& buildings   

Plant & 
machinery   

    1,663   

-   

20   

1,683   

465   

21   

486   

1,197   

1,198   

2,321   

(303 ) 

588   

2,606   

1,787   

110   

1,897   

709   

534   

Total

4,289

(131 )

4,158 

(9 )

213 

4,362 

2,383

(84 )

2,299

138

2,437  

1,925 

1,906

Total

3,984

(303 )

608

4,289

2,252

131

2,383

1,906 

1,732

1   The group has initially applied IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019, which requires the recognition of right-of-use assets in place of finance  
lease assets. As a result, on 31 March 2019, plant & machinery assets held under finance leases with a net book value of £4.3m have  
been reallocated and recognised as right-of-use assets. The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, 
under which comparative information is not restated.

Assets held under finance leases, capitalised and included in tangible fixed assets:

All figures in £’000 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 / 31 March 2018 

Reclassification to right-of-use assets 

Additions in the period 

Reclassification to assets owned 

Depreciation in the period 

Net book Value at 28 March 2020 / 30 March 2019 

Group   
2020   

4,274   

(4,274 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

Group    
2019    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

4,713   

-   

428   

(361 ) 

(526 ) 

4,274   

47   

(47 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

394

-

-

(292 )

(55 )

47

10 Right of use assets

Group

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

Land &   
 buildings   

Plant, 
equipment   
& vehicles   

Total

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 20191 

3,374   

6,738   

10,112

Additions 

Disposals 

Transfers to property, plant & equipment2 

Effects of movements in foreign exchange 

At 28 March 2020 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019 

Charge for the period 

Disposals 

Transfers to property, plant and equipment2 

At 28 March 2020 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

Net book value on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019 

Net book value at 28 March 2020 

Company

All figures in £’000 

Cost  

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 20191 

Additions 

Disposals 

At 28 March 2020 

Accumulated Depreciation 

Recognition of right-of-use assets on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019 

Charge for the period 

Disposals 

At 28 March 2020 

Net book value at 30 March 2019 

Net book value on initial application of IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019 

Net book value at 28 March 2020 

441   

(23 ) 

-   

132   

3,924   

-   

424   

(23 ) 

-   

401   

-   

3,374   

3,523   

77   

(15 ) 

(4,582 ) 

-   

2,218   

2,145   

665   

(15 ) 

(1,961 ) 

834   

-   

4,593   

1,384   

518

(38 )

(4,582 )

132

6,142 

2,145

1,089

(38 )

(1,961 )

1,235

-

7,967

4,907

Land &   
 buildings   

Plant, 
equipment   
& vehicles   

Total

131   

-   

-   

131   

-   

71   

-   

71   

-   

131   

60   

433   

77   

(15 ) 

495   

84   

185   

(15 ) 

254   

-   

349   

241   

564

77

(15 )

626 

84

256

(15 )

325

-

480

301

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 on 31 March 2019, which requires the recognition of right-of-use assets in relation to the 

Group’s lease liabilities. As a result, on 31 March 2019, the Group recognised £10.1m of right-of-use assets related to those lease liabilities. 
The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which comparative information is not restated.

2   Assets where ownership is transferred to the Group/Company upon completion of the lease liability are transferred  

into Property, plant and equipment (Note 9)

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

88

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

11 Investments

Investments in subsidiary undertakings

All figures in £’000 

At 28 March 2020 and 30 March 2019 

Group   
2020   

 - 

Group    
2019    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

 - 

7,350   

7,350

Investments in subsidiary undertakings are stated at cost. A list of principal subsidiary undertakings is given below:

12 Inventories

All figures in £’000 

Materials 

Work in progress 

Finished goods 

Group   
2020   

6,800   

2,431   

4,725   

Group 
2019   

8,031

3,152

5,227

13,956   

16,410

Company name 

Country of   
incorporation   

    Registered    % holding 
office     of ordinary   
shares   

(see below)   

James Cropper Speciality Papers Limited 

England   

James Cropper (Guangzhou) Trading Co Limited  China   

James Cropper Converting Limited 

James Cropper 3D Products Limited 

Technical Fibre Products Limited 

Tech Fibers Inc 

Technical Fibre Products Inc 

Metal Coated Fibers Inc 

Electro Fiber Technologies LLC 

James Cropper EBT Limited 

Melmore Limited 

James Cropper Paper Limited  

The Paper Mill Shop Company Limited 

James Cropper Overseas Trading Limited  

England   

England   

England   

USA   

USA   

USA   

USA   

England   

England   

England   

England   

England   

(i)   

(iii)   

(i)   

(i)   

(i)   

(ii)   

(ii)   

(ii)   

(ii)   

(i)   

(i)   

(i)   

(i)   

(i)   

James Cropper Germany GmbH  

Germany   

(iv)   

(i)   Burneside Mills, Kendal, Cumbria, England. LA9 6PZ

(ii)   679 Mariaville Road, Schenectady, NY 12306 USA

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

100   

Nature of business

Manufacturer of specialist paper and board

Sales and marketing organisation

Paper converter

Manufacturer of moulded fibre products

Manufacturer of advanced materials

Holding company

Sales and marketing organisation

Manufacturer of metal coated carbon fibres

Manufacturer of metal coated fibres

Dormant company

Dormant company

Dormant company

Dormant company

Marketing organisation

Dormant company

(iii)  Level 54 Guangzhou IFC, 5 Zhujiang Road West, Zhujiang New Town. China

(iv)   c/o DWF Germany Rechtsanwaltsgesellschaft mbH, Habsburgerring 2, 50674 Koln, Germany

Inventories are stated after a provision for impairment of £1,262,000 (2019: £864,000).

The cost of inventories recognised as expenses and included in cost of sales for the year ended 28 March 2020  
was £89,348,000 (2019: £78,397,000).

The Company does not have inventories.

13 Trade and other receivables

All figures in £’000 

Trade receivables  

Less: Provision for impairment of receivables 

Trade receivables – net 

Amounts owed by group undertakings 

Provision for amounts owed by group undertakings 

Other receivables 

Prepayments 

Group   
2020   

17,267   

(530 ) 

16,737   

-   

-   

653   

1,443   

Group    
2019    

17,140    

(222 ) 

16,918    

-    

-   

951    

1,143    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

-   

-   

-   

-

-

-

49,956   

47,760

(350 ) 

652   

847   

-

931

632

18,833   

19,012    

51,105   

49,323

The carrying value of trade and other receivables classified at amortised cost approximates fair value.

The Group does not hold any collateral as security.

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses using a lifetime expected credit loss provision for 
trade receivables. To measure expected credit losses on a collective basis, trade receivables are grouped based on similar credit risk and ageing.

The expected loss rates are based on the Group’s historical credit losses experienced. The historical loss rates are then adjusted for current 
and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the Group’s customers. The Group has identified the current state 
of the economy and industry specific factors as the key macroeconomic factors in the countries where the Group operates.

Amounts owed by group undertakings include loans of £26m (2019: £26m) with a fixed term of one year with an interest  
charge of 3.6% pa. Intercompany funding accounts of £23m (2019: £19m) and intercompany current accounts of £0.8m  
(2019: £2.9m) are settled within 30 days.

The Company has included a provision for impairment of amounts owed by group undertakings.  
Further details of this can be found in note 18.2.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

14 Other Financial Assets

Group and Company

All figures in £’000 

Interest rate swaps used for hedging 

Foreign exchange rate swaps for hedging 

2020   

2019   

-   

-   

-   

24

-

24

The gain arising in the Statement of Comprehensive Income on fair value hedging instruments was £nil (2019: £nil).

15 Trade and other Payables

All figures in £’000 

Trade payables  

Amounts owed to group undertakings 

Other tax and social security payable 

Other payables 

Accruals 

Group   
2020   

7,232   

-   

636   

717   

Group    
2019    

6,456    

-    

643   

636    

7,959   

6,885    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

3,354   

17,280   

175   

421   

2,191   

2,153

15,097

175

231

899

16,544   

14,620    

23,421   

18,555

The fair values of trade and other payables approximate their carrying values presented.

16 Other Financial Liabilities

Group and Company

All figures in £0’000 

Interest rate swaps used for hedging 

Foreign exchange rate swaps for hedging 

The liabilities are held at fair value.

2020   

2019  

41   

234   

275   

-

-

-

17 Borrowings

Group   
2020   
£’000   

Group    
2019    
£’000    

Company   
2020   
£’000   

Company 
2019 
£’000

Note 

Current  

Bank loans and overdrafts due within one year or on demand: 

Bank overdraft 

Unsecured bank loans1 

Lease liabilities2 

Non-current loans 

Unsecured bank loans1 

Lease liabilities2 

-   

3,008   

748   

3,756   

11,541   

4,722   

16,263   

-   

767   

778   

1,545   

8,226   

1,142   

9,368   

-   

-   

174   

174   

7,900   

83   

7,983   

316

-

45

361

4,000

4

4,004

18.3 

18.3 

1   Bank loans bear interest at rates between 1.25% and 1.95% above 30 day LIBOR rates.

2   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019 and recognised £4.2m of lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  
The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which comparative information is not  
restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at the date of initial application.

Reconciliation of net cash flow to net debt

Group 

30 March   
2019   
 £’000   

Application   
of IFRS 16 2 
£’000   

Cash flow   
£’000   

Exchange   
Interest    Reclassify    movement   
£’000   

£’000   

£’000   

28 March 
2020 
£’000 

-   

-   

-   

-   

767   

(6,068 ) 

(5,301 ) 

969   

-   

-   

-   

-   

(2,966 ) 

2,966   

-   

(939 ) 

(42 ) 

(213 ) 

(3,008 )

(11,541 )

(255 ) 

(14,549 )

-   

(748 ) 

(1,142 ) 

(4,210 ) 

-   

(158 ) 

950   

(162 ) 

(4,722 ) 

Loans repayable within 1 year 

(767 ) 

Loans repayable after 1 year 

(8,226 ) 

Lease liabilities 
repayable within 1 year

Lease liabilities 
repayable after 1 year

Total borrowings 

(8,993 ) 

(778 ) 

(1,920 ) 

(10,913 ) 

(4,210 ) 

(4,210 ) 

-   

Cash and cash equivalents 

2,352   

Net Debt 

(8,561 ) 

(4,210 ) 

Group 

Loans repayable within 1 year 

Loans repayable after 1 year 

Lease liabilities repayable within 1 year 

Lease liabilities repayable after 1 year 

Total borrowings 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Net Debt 

969   

(4,332 ) 

6,519   

2,187   

31 March    
2018   
 £’000   

(720 ) 

(7,203 ) 

(7,923 ) 

(880 ) 

(1,560 ) 

(2,440 ) 

(10,363 ) 

5,557   

(4,806 ) 

(158 ) 

(158 ) 

-   

(158 ) 

11   

11   

-   

11   

(162 ) 

(5,470 )

(417 ) 

(20,019 )

93   

8,964

(324 ) 

(11,055 )

Exchange   
Cash flow    Reclassify    movement   
£’000   

£’000   

£’000   

30 March 
2019 
£’000 

(767 )

(8,226 )

(8,993 )

(778 )

(1,142 )

(1,920 )

(15 ) 

(277 ) 

(292 ) 

-   

-   

-   

(292 ) 

(10,913 )

40   

2,352

(332 ) 

(8,561 )

-   

(777 ) 

(777 ) 

-   

520   

520   

(257 ) 

(3,165 ) 

(3,422 ) 

(31 ) 

31   

-   

102   

(102 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

18 Financial Instruments and Risk

The Group has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments: 
•  Credit risk      •  Liquidity risk      •  Currency risk      •  Interest rate risk

This note presents information about the fair value of the Group’s financial instruments, the Group’s exposure to each of the risks noted 
and the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk. The Board has overall responsibility of the risk 
management strategy and coordinates activity across the Group. This responsibility is discussed further in the Directors’ report.
Exposure to the financial risks noted, arise in the normal course of the Group’s business.

18.1 Financial instruments by category

The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities of the Group are as follows:

Fair value through   
profit or loss 

2020   
£’000   

2019    
£’000    

Amortised cost 
loans and receivables
2019 
2020   
£’000
£’000   

Note 

Group 

Financial assets  
Current 
Trade  receivables 
Other receivables 
Derivatives  
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Current 
Trade  payables 
Other payables 
Accruals 
Derivatives 
Short term borrowings 

Non-current 
Long term borrowings  

13 
13 
14 

15 
15 
15 
16 
17 

17 

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
275   
-   

275   

-   

-   
-   
24   
-    

24   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-    

-   

-    

Company 

Note 

Fair value through   
profit or loss 

2020   
£’000   

2019    
£’000    

Financial assets  
Current 
Amounts owed by group undertakings 
Other receivables 
Derivatives 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Financial liabilities 
Current 
Trade  payables 
Amounts owed to group undertakings 
Other payables 
Accruals 
Derivatives 
Short term borrowings 

Non-current 
Long term borrowings  

13 
13 
14 

15 
15 
15 
15 
16 
17 

17 

-   
-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   
-   
-   
275   
-   

275   

-   

-   
-   
24   
-    

24   

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-    

-   

-    

16,737   
653   
-   
8,964   

26,354   

7,232   
717   
7,959   
-   
3,756   

16,918
951
-
2,352

20,221

6,456
636
6,885
-
1,545

19,664   

15,522

16,263   

9,368

Amortised cost 
loans and receivables
2019 
2020   
£’000
£’000   

49,606   
1,499   
-   
6,658   

57,763   

3,354   
17,280   
596   
2,191   
-   
174   

23,595   

47,760
931
-
-

48,691

2,153
15,097
231
899
-
361

18,741

7,983   

4,004

The table below analyses financial instruments carried at fair value, by valuation method.

Level 2: other techniques for which all inputs which have significant effect on the recorded fair value are observable, either directly or indirectly:

All figures in £’000 

Financial assets 

Derivatives 

Financial liabilities 

Derivatives 

18.2 Credit risk

2020   
Level 2   

2020    
Total   

2019   
Level 2   

2019 
Total

-   

-   

275   

275   

24   

-   

24

-

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations. Credit risk arising 
from the Group’s normal commercial activities are controlled by individual business units operating in accordance with Group policies and 
procedures. Exposure to credit risk arises from the potential of a customer defaulting on their invoiced sales. Some of the Group’s businesses 
have credit insurance in place. For un-insured customers, the financial strength and credit worthiness of the customer is assessed from a 
variety of internal and external information, and specific credit risk controls that match the risk profile of those customers are applied.

Trade receivables as at the 28 March 2020 (2019: 30 March 2019) were:

All figures in £’000 

JC Speciality Papers 

JC Converting 

JC 3D Products 

Technical Fibre Products 

Trade receivables 

Provision for impairment on trade receivables 

The Company does not have trade receivables. 

The majority of trade receivables are covered by credit insurance.

2020   

9,323   

1,994   

648   

5,302   

17,267   

(530 ) 

16,737   

At 28 March 2020 the lifetime expected loss provision for trade receivables is as follows:

Expected loss rate 

Gross carrying amount (£’000) 

Loss provision 

Not past due   

Past due         
0-30 days   

Past due   
31- 60 days   

Past due   
over 60 days 

3 % 

3.75 % 

16,242   

487   

796   

30   

5.5 % 

185   

10   

6 % 

44   

3   

2019   

9,860

1,583

150

5,547

17,140

(222 )

16,918

Total 

- 

17,267

530

All trade receivables have been reviewed under the expected credit loss impairment model and a provision of £530,000 (2019: £222,000) 
has been recorded accordingly.

The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses using a lifetime expected credit loss provision for 
trade receivables. The expected loss rates are based on the Group’s historical credit losses experienced. The historic loss rates are then 
adjusted for current and forward looking information on macro-economic factors affecting the Group’s customers.

Movements in provision for impairment on trade receivables.

Group 

Balance at  Start of period 

Increased during the period 

Utilised during the period 

Balance at end of period 

2020   
£’000   

222   

319   

(11 ) 

530    

2019   
£’000  

121

121

(20 )

222

Financial instruments not measured at fair value includes cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, trade and other payables, 
and loans and borrowings. Due to their short term nature, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, 
and trade and other payables approximates their fair value.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

94

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

Provision for impairment on consolidation:

Due to the uncertainty at this time that Covid-19 creates it is possible that market events may materialise that can’t currently be foreseen. 
Should events unfold that significantly adversely impact the cash flows of the trading divisions James Cropper PLC will support its trading 
divisions. Given the high levels of uncertainty in these unprecedented times James Cropper PLC will therefore recognise an expected credit 
loss in respect of intra-group loans should such assistance be required 12 months from now.   

The Expected Credit Loss is based on a 1.3% probability that the loan receivables become impaired which is in line with the credit losses 
applied to the Group’s trade receivables to derive the lifetime expected loss provision for trade receivables.

Credit risk arises from the potential of subsidiary companies defaulting on intra-group loans.

Intra-group loan receivables at 28 March 2020 are:

All figures in £’000 

 JC Speciality Papers Limited 

JC Converting Limited 

JC 3D Products Limited 

Technical Fibre Products Limited 

Provision for impairment 

Net Intra-group loans 

Company 

 Balance at the start of the period 

Credited / (released) during the period 

(Utilised) during the period 

Balance at the end of the period 

18.3 Liquidity risk

2020 
£’000   

-

350

-

350

2020   

2019  

12,000   

12,000

3,000   

4,000   

7,000   

26,000   

(350 ) 

25,650   

3,000

4,000

7,000

26,000

-

26,000

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not have sufficient funds to meet liabilities. The Group’s policy is to maintain a mix of short, 
medium and long term borrowings with a number of banks.  Short term flexibility is achieved through overdraft facilities. In addition,  
it is the Group’s policy to maintain undrawn committed borrowing facilities in order to provide flexibility in the management of liquidity.

Current and non- current financial liabilities

The maturity profile of the carrying amount of the current and non-current financial liabilities, at 28 March 2020 (2019: 30 March 2019), 
was as follows:

Trade payables

Trade payables at the reporting date was:

All figures in £’000 

Trade payables at the reporting date was 

Total contractual cash flows 

Group   
2020   

7,232   

7,232   

Group    
2019    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

6,456   

6,456   

3,354   

3,354   

2,153

2,153

Borrowing facilities

The Group has the following undrawn committed borrowing facilities available at 28 March 2020:

All figures in £’000 

Expiring within one year (renewed annually) 

Expiring after one year 

The Group’s expiry profile of the drawn down facilities is as follows:

Group   
at 28 March 2020    
 Floating rate    

3,500   

1,867   

Group 
at 30 March 2019   

Floating rate

3,500

4,390

All figures in £’000 

August 2019 

November 2019 

May 2020 

December 2020 

June 2021 

December 2021 

May 2022 

February 2023 

Group   

Company 
28 March 2020     30 March 2019    28 March 2020     30 March 2019

Company   

Group    

-   

-   

-   

2,199   

-   

1,416   

4,934   

6,000   

2   

2   

4,000   

-   

2,878   

2,111   

-   

-   

14,549   

8,993   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

1,900   

6,000   

7,900   

-

-

4,000

- 

- 

- 

-

-

4,000

Group 

In less than one year 
In more than one year but not more than two years 
In more than two years but not more than five years 
In more than five years 

Company 

In less than one year 
In more than one year but not more than two years 
In more than two years but not more than five years 

2020   

Lease   

Debt    liabilities    Derivatives   
£’000   
£’000   

£’000   

Total   
£’000   

3,008   
607   
10,934   
-   

748   
626   
1,742   
2,354   

4,031   
275   
-   
1,233   
-    12,676   
2,354   
-   

2019

Debt   
£’000   

767   
4,772   
3,454   
-   

Lease 

liabilities    Total 
£’000

£’000   

778   
275   
673   
194   

1,545
5,047
4,127
194

14,549   

5,470   

275    20,294   

8,993   

1,920    10,913

2020   

Lease   

Debt    liabilities    Derivatives   
£’000   
£’000   

£’000   

Total   
£’000   

-   
-   
7,900   

7,900   

174   
14   
69   

257   

275   
-   
-   

449   
14   
7,969   

2019

Debt   
£’000   

316   
4,000   
-   

Lease 

liabilities    Total 
£’000

£’000   

45   
4   
-   

361
4,004
-

275   

8,432   

4,316   

49   

4,365

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

96

97

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

18.4 Currency risk

At the 28 March 2020 the Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk was as follows:

The Group publishes its consolidated financial statements in sterling but also conducts business in foreign currencies. As a result it is 
subject to foreign currency exchange risk arising from exchange rate movements which will be reflected in the Group’s transaction costs 
or in the underlying foreign currency assets of its foreign operations. The Group has operations in the USA. The Group is exposed to 
foreign exchange risks primarily with respect to US Dollars and the Euro. Where possible, the Group maintains a policy of balancing 
sales and purchases denominated in foreign currencies. Where an imbalance remains, the group has also entered into certain forward 
exchange contracts. No material contracts were outstanding at the year end. 

Represented below is the net exposure to foreign currencies, reported in pounds sterling, and arising from all Group activities,  
as at 28 March 2020.

All figures in £’000 

Trade Receivables  

Cash and cash equivalents  

Trade Payables  

Unsecured current loans  

Lease liabilities current1 

Unsecured non-current loans  

Lease liabilities non-current1 

Net exposure 

USD   

5,574   

3,584   

(1,239 ) 

(809 ) 

(103 ) 

(3,641 ) 

(3,005 ) 

361   

Euro   

3,712   

1,315   

(1,045 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

RMB   

18   

109   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

GBP   

7,433   

3,956   

(4,948 ) 

(2,199 ) 

(645 ) 

(7,900 ) 

(1,717 ) 

3,982   

127   

(6,020 ) 

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019 and recognised £4.2m of lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  
The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which comparative information is not 
restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at the date of initial application.

At the 30 March 2019 the Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk was as follows:

All figures in £’000 

Trade receivables 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Trade payables 

Unsecured current loans 

Lease liabilities current 

Unsecured non-current loans 

Lease liabilities non-current 

Net exposure 

USD   

6,101   

642   

(1,539 ) 

(767 ) 

-   

(4,221 ) 

 - 

216   

Euro   

3,261   

490   

(1,066 ) 

-   

-   

-   

-   

RMB   

19   

80   

-   

-   

-   

-   

-   

2,685   

99   

GBP   

7,537   

1,140   

(3,851 ) 

-   

(778 ) 

(4,005 ) 

(1,142 ) 

(1,099 ) 

This represents the net exposure to foreign currencies, reported in pounds Sterling, and arising from all Group activities.

Total

16,737

8,964

(7,232 )

(3,008 )

(748 )

(11,541 )

(4,722 )

(1,550 )

Total

16,918

2,352

(6,456 )

(767 )

(778 )

(8,226 )

(1,142 )

1,901

All figures in £’000 

Cash and cash equivalents 

Trade payables 

Lease liabilities current 

Unsecured non-current loans 

Lease liabilities non-current 

Net exposure 

USD   

1,875   

(2 ) 

-   

-   

-   

Euro   

1,223   

(26 ) 

-   

-   

-   

1,873   

1,197   

GBP   

3,560   

(3,326 ) 

(174 ) 

(7,900 ) 

(83 ) 

(7,923 ) 

1   The Group has initially applied IFRS 16 at 31 March 2019 and recognised £4.2m of lease liabilities on the balance sheet.  
The Group has applied IFRS 16 using the modified retrospective approach, under which comparative information is not  
restated and the cumulative effect of applying IFRS 16 is recognised in retained earnings at the date of initial application.

At the 30 March 2019 the Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk was as follows:

All figures in £’000 

Bank overdrafts 

Trade payables 

Lease liabilities current 

Unsecured current loans 

Lease liabilities non-current 

Net exposure 

USD   

(232 ) 

(34 ) 

-   

-   

-   

Euro   

(1,805 ) 

(29 ) 

-   

-   

-   

(266 ) 

(1,834 ) 

GBP   

1,721   

(2,090 ) 

(45 ) 

(4,000 ) 

(4 ) 

(4,418 ) 

Total

6,658

(3,354 )

(174 )

(7,900 )

(83 )

(4,853 )

Total

(316 )

(2,153 )

(45 )

(4,000 )

(4 )

(6,518 )

A one percent strengthening of the pound against the Euro and the US Dollar at 28 March 2020 would have had the following impact on 
equity and profit by the amounts shown below.

Group 

28 March 2020 

28 March 2020 

30 March 2019 

30 March 2019 

Equity   
£’000   

Income   
£’000   

Company 

Equity   
£’000   

Income 
£’000

USD   

Euro   

USD   

Euro   

(4 ) 

(39 ) 

(131 ) 

(48 ) 

(43 ) 

(26 ) 

(76 ) 

(43 ) 

28 March 2020 

28 March 2020 

30 March 2019 

30 March 2019 

USD   

Euro   

USD   

Euro   

(19 ) 

(12 ) 

2   

8   

-

-  

-

-

This sensitivity analysis is indicative only and it should be noted that the Group’s exposure to such market rate changes is continually 
changing. The calculations assume all other variables, in particular interest rates, remain constant.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

98

99

   
   
 
   
 
   
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

18.5 Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk derives from the Group’s exposure to changes in value of an asset or liability or future cash flow through changes in 
interest rates. The Group finances its operations through a mixture of retained profits and bank borrowings. The Group borrows in the 
desired currencies at fixed or floating rates of interest. As part of the Group’s interest rate management strategy the Company entered 
into two interest rate swaps which mature in May 2020 (GBP) and June 2021 (USD). Under the swaps the maximum base rates the Group 
will pay on bank borrowings of up to £3m is 0.66% and $3m is 1.99%. The exposure is measured on variable rate debt and instruments. 
The net exposure to interest rates at the Statement of Financial Position date can be summarised as follows:

The net exposure to interest rates at the balance sheet date can be summarised as follows:

All figures in £’000 

Interest bearing liabilities - floating 

Borrowings 

Finance lease 

Interest bearing liabilities - fixed 

Borrowings 

Lease liabilities 

Interest bearing liabilities 

Group   
2020   

Group    
2019    

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

14,549   

-   

14,549   

-   

5,470   

5,470   

20,019   

8,988   

450   

9,438   

5   

-   

1,475   

10,913   

7,900   

-   

7,900   

-   

257   

257   

4,316

-

4,316

-

-

49

8,157   

4,365

The effective interest rates at the balance sheet date were as follows:

Bank overdraft  

Borrowings  

2020   
%   

1.85   

2.20   

2019 
%  

2.50

2.30

The sensitivity analysis below assumes a 100 basis point change in interest rates from their levels at the reporting date, with all other 
variables held constant. A 1% rise in interest rates would result in an additional £64,000 for the Group and £38,000 for the Company  
in interest expense being incurred per year. The impact of a decrease in rates would be an identical reduction in the annual charge.

Group 

28 March 2020 

30 March 2019 

Income statement 
£’000   

Company 

64

 94

28 March 2020 

30 March 2019 

Income statement 
£’000   

38

 47

18.6 Derivative contracts

Derivative liabilities

All figures in £’000 

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments 

Interest rate swaps 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments 

Total derivative financial liabilities 

Less non-current portion 

Interest rate swaps 

Forward foreign exchange contracts 

Current portion 

2020   

2019 

41   

234   

275   

275   

(7 ) 

-   

268   

(24 )

-

(24 )

(24 )

(4 )

- 

(20 )

The Group has elected to adopt the hedge accounting requirements of IFRS9 Financial Instruments. The Group enters into hedge 
relationships where the critical terms of the hedging instrument and the hedged item match, therefore, for the prospective assessment 
of effectiveness a qualitative assessment is performed. Hedge effectiveness is determined at the origination of the hedging relationship. 
Quantitative effectiveness tests are performed at each period end to determine the continuing effectiveness of the relationship.  
In instance where changes occur to the hedged item which result in the critical terms no longer matching, the hypothetical derivative 
method is used to assess effectiveness.

Cash flow interest rate swaps

The Group manages its cash-flow interest rate risk by using floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps. Normally the Group raises long-term 
borrowing at floating rates and swaps them into fixed rates.

The hedging ratio is 1:1 with the Group having two interest rate swaps of £3,000,000 and US$3,000,000 hedging the same amount  
of underlying debt.

The ineffective portion is recognised in finance expense that arose from cash flow hedges amounts to a loss of £84,000 (2019: £nil).

Gains and losses that relate to designated and effective hedging instruments are recognised in other comprehensive income 
 and tracked separately.

At 28 March 2020, the main floating rates were LIBOR and US LIBOR.  Gains and losses recognised in the cash flow hedging  
reserve in equity on interest rate swap contracts as at 28 March 2020 will be released to the consolidated statement of comprehensive 
income as the related interest rate expense is recognised.

The effects of the cash flow interest rate swap hedging relationships are as follows as at 28 March:

All figures in £’000 

Carrying amount of the derivatives 

Change in fair value of the designated hedging instrument 

Change in fair value of the designated hedged item 

Notional amount 

Maturity date 

2020   

2019 

41   

64   

(64 ) 

(24 )

20

(20 )

5,427   

5,302

17/06/21   

17/06/21 

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

100

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Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

Cash flow forward foreign exchange contracts

19 Retirement benefits

Foreign exchange risk arises when individual group operations enter into transactions denominated in a currency other than their 
functional currency. Where the risk to the Group is considered to be significant, Group treasury will enter into a matching forward 
foreign exchange contract with a reputable bank.

The hedging ration is 1:1, with the Group committing to sell forward highly probable forecast euro receipts to an equal value of the 
foreign exchange contracts.

The hedged forecast transactions denominated in foreign currency are expected to occur at various dates in the next 12 months.  
Gains and losses on the effective element of forward foreign exchange contracts as at 28 March 2020 are recognised in the consolidated 
statement of comprehensive income and tracked separately in the period or periods during which the hedged forecast transactions affects 
the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. This is expected to be within 12 months of the end of the financial year in respect of 
the forward currency contracts taken out as at 28 March 2020.

No ineffective portion of the forward foreign exchange contract was recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive  
income in the period.

The effects of the cash flow forward foreign exchange contract hedging relationships are as follows as at 28 March:

All figures in £’000 

Carrying amount of the derivatives 

Change in fair value of the designated hedging instrument 

Change in fair value of the designated hedged item 

Notional amount 

Maturity date 

2020   

234   

234   

(234 ) 

6,279   

15/03/21   

2019 

-

-

-

-

-

Net investment in a foreign operation

The Group manages the risk that changes in exchange rates have on its net investment in foreign operations using loans  
payable in the same currency as the functional currency of its foreign operations.

At the inception of the hedge the hedging ratio between the overseas assets and the foreign currency loan is a ratio of 1:1.

For the years ended 28 March 2020 and 30 March 2019 there were no significant amounts recognised in profit or loss  
relating to the ineffective portion of hedges or portions excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Gains and losses that relate to designated and effective hedging instruments is recognised in other comprehensive income  
and tracked separately.

At 28 March 2020, the foreign operations were denominated in USD.

All figures in £’000 

Carrying amount of the loan payable 

Change in fair value of the designated hedging instrument 

Change in fair value of the designated hedged item 

Notional amount 

Maturity date 

2020   

607   

2,271   

(2,110 ) 

3,237   

2019 

(2,878 )

(213 )

119

3,070

22/12/21   

22/12/21

The Group operates a number of pension schemes.  Two of these schemes, the James Cropper PLC Works Pension Plan (“Works Scheme”) 
and the James Cropper PLC Pension Scheme (“Staff Scheme”) are funded schemes of the defined benefit type. The Group also operates  
a defined contribution scheme and makes contributions to personal pension plans for its employees in the USA.

Pension costs for the defined contribution scheme and personal pension contributions are as follows:

All figures in £’000 

Defined contribution schemes 

Personal Pension contributions 

2020   

832   

31   

2019   

663

36

Other pension costs totalled £962,000 (2019: £976,000) and represent life assurance charges, government pension protection fund levies 
and other current service costs.

Defined benefit plans

With effect from 1 April 2011 active members’ benefits were reduced such that future increases in pensionable salaries were restricted to a cap of 
2% per annum. As from 1 April 2017 (Works Scheme) and 1 July 2017 (Staff Scheme) increases in pension once it is in-payment will be in line with 
the annual increase in CPI. The Staff and Works Schemes will remain defined benefit schemes but they will no longer be “final salary” schemes. 

The most recent actuarial valuations of the Staff Scheme and the Works Scheme were undertaken in April 2016 by qualified independent actuaries.  

The major assumptions used by the actuary for each scheme were as noted below. The expected return on plan assets is calculated by using a 
weighted average across each category of asset:

All figures in % 

CPI Inflation assumption 

RPI Inflation assumption 

Rate of increase in pensionable salaries 

Discount rate 

Pension increases for in-payment benefits capped at 5%, with a 3% floor 

Pension increases for in-payment benefits capped at 2.5%, with a 0% floor 

Staff Scheme 

Works Scheme

2020   

2019    

2020   

1.80   

2.55   

1.40   

2.50   

3.45   

1.55   

2.15   

3.15   

1.75   

2.45   

3.65   

1.80   

1.75   

2.50   

1.40   

2.55   

3.15   

1.50   

2019

2.15

3.15

1.75

2.45

3.25

1.80

The mortality assumptions have been set in line with the best-estimate results of the Medically Underwritten Mortality study carried out 
as part of the ongoing 2019 actuarial valuation. In respect of mortality for the Works members the assumptions adopted at 28 March 2020 
are 142% of the SAPS “S3” series table, with future improvements in line with the CMI core 2019 projection model with long-term trend 
improvements of 1.25% pa. For the Staff members the SAPS “S3” series table with a 142% rating has been used, with future improvements 
in line with the CMI core 2019 projection model with long term trend improvements of 1.25% pa. 

The long-term expected rate of return on cash is determined by reference to bank base rates at the SFP dates. The long-term expected 
return on bonds is determined by reference to UK long dated government and corporate bond yields at the SFP date. The long-term 
expected rate of return on equities is based on the rate of return on bonds with an allowance for out-performance. 

The method adopted for determining the discount rate has been selected as the most appropriate following specialist advice and the 
discount rate has been calculated based on a yield curve at an appropriate duration to the schemes’ liabilities. A decrease in the discount 
rate by 0.25% would increase the defined benefit obligations by 3.7% for the staff scheme and 4.4% for the works scheme.

Pension payments are not expected to peak until 2040, and expected to continue until 2080.

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

102

103

 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

The amounts recognised in the Statement of Financial Position (“SFP”) are determined as follows:

Analysis of the movement in the Statement of Financial Position liability

All figures in £’000 

2020   

2019   

2018   

2017   

2016

All figures in £’000  

(121,470 ) 

113,968   

(132,646 ) 

109,998   

(126,079 ) 

106,607   

(128,026 ) 

105,832   

(104,924 )

94,271

(22,648 ) 

(19,472 ) 

(22,194 ) 

(10,653 )

-   

-   

-   

-

At 30 March 2019 / 31 March 2018 

Total expense as above 

Contributions paid 

Actuarial gains / (losses) recognised in Other Comprehensive Income 

(22,648 ) 

(19,472 ) 

(22,194 ) 

(10,653 )

At 28 March 2020 / 30 March 2019 

Defined benefit obligation (DBO) 

Fair value of assets (FVA) 

Deficit 

Effect of limit on recoverable surplus 

Net liability recognised in the SFP 

Staff Scheme 

Works Scheme 

Deficit 

Effect of limit on recoverable surplus 

Net liability recognised in the SFP 

(7,502 ) 

(1,880 ) 

(9,382 ) 

1,880   

(9,382 ) 

(7,502 ) 

(1,880 ) 

(9,382 ) 

(7,664 ) 

(14,984 ) 

(6,408 ) 

(13,064 ) 

(7,405 ) 

(14,789 ) 

(2,813 )

(7,840 )

(22,648 ) 

(19,472 ) 

(22,194 ) 

(10,653 )

-   

-   

-   

-

(22,648 ) 

(19,472 ) 

(22,194 ) 

(10,653 )

2020   

2019  

(22,648 ) 

(19,472 )

(1,732 ) 

1,941   

13,057   

(1,955 )

2,037

(3,258 )

(9,382 ) 

(22,648 )

The Covid-19 pandemic created an unusual time in the markets at the March year end and the increased yields available on corporate bonds 
at the time drove down liabilities and, together with the lower expected future inflation, has caused the greatest part of the improvement  
we see across both schemes. It is highly probable that a surplus on the staff scheme would not have arisen without the impact Covid-19  
has had on the year end position. In view of this, the Company has not recognised the surplus on the staff scheme at 28 March 2020.  
The key risks relating to the pension schemes can be found in the Pension Report on pages 18 to 20.

The fair value of the plan assets comprises the following categories of asset in the stated proportions:

All figures in % 

Managed Growth 

Annuities 

Cash 

Matching Assets  

Staff Scheme 

Works Scheme

2020   

66.4   

2.6   

1.3   

29.7   

2019    

63.5    

3.6    

0.4    

32.5    

2020   

71.8   

-   

1.4   

26.8   

2019

71.1

-

0.3

28.6

The pension plan assets do not include any investments in the shares of the Company (2019:  nil). 

Apart from the annuities and cash, the assets of the schemes are held in an unquoted investment fund managed by the schemes’ fiduciary 
manager and comprising combinations of the above assets. Within those funds, the indirect equity exposures are predominantly quoted. 
The assets in the Matching Assets captions holdings of cash and swaps, designed to match the sensitivity of the schemes to movements in 
long term interest rates and inflation expectations.

The amounts recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income are as follows:

All figures in £’000 

2020   

2019  

Total included within employee benefit costs - current service costs, past service costs and administration costs 

1,188         

     1,423 

Interest income on plan assets 

Interest cost on the defined benefit obligation 

Total included within interest 

Total 

(2,679 ) 

3,223   

544   

1,732   

(2,959 )

3,491

532

1,955

The actual return on plan assets was £5,372,000 (2019: £5,462,000).  The Company expects to pay £416,000 (2019: £617,000) in contributions 
to the Staff Scheme and £1,463,000 (2019: £1,324,000) in contributions to the Works Scheme in the next financial period. The minimum 
funding requirement does not give rise to an additional liability under IFRIC 14. 

Following the April 2016 triennial valuation, a deficit recovery plan was agreed with the Trustees which included additional contributions 
of £1.46m pa to reduce the past service deficits for nine years from 1 April 2017. The current ongoing valuation may change this profile 
once completed.

The cumulative amount of actuarial losses recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, since the adoption of IAS 19, are 
£8,175,000  (2019:  £21,232,000). 

All figures in £’000  

Works Scheme 
2020   
Assets   

2020   
DBO   

Staff Scheme 

2020   
Assets   

2020   
DBO   

Works Scheme 
2019   
Assets   

2019   
DBO   

Staff Scheme
2019   
Assets   

2019 
DBO

At 30 March 2019 / 31 March 2018 

57,009   

(71,993 ) 

52,989   

(60,653 ) 

54,455   

(67,519 ) 

52,152   

(58,560 )

Interest Income on plan assets 

1,398   

-   

1,281   

-   

1,523   

-   

1,436   

-

Current service costs 

Benefits paid 

(109 ) 

(753 ) 

(26 ) 

(300 ) 

(152 ) 

(748 ) 

(35 ) 

(355 )

(1,541 ) 

1,541   

(2,108 ) 

2,108   

(1,867 ) 

1,867   

(2,545 ) 

2,545

Contributions by plan participants 

319   

(319 ) 

Employer contributions 

Interest cost on the DBO 

Past service costs 

Return on plan assets 

1,324   

-   

          -   

(1,758 ) 

-   

-   

122   

617   

(122 ) 

335   

(335 ) 

-   

1,388   

-   

-   

-    

(1,465 ) 

-   

-   

-   

(1,880 ) 

(72 ) 

156   

649   

-   

-   

(156 )

-

(1,611 )

61

2,056   

3,444   

637   

8,800   

1,327   

(3,306 ) 

1,176   

(2,455 )

At 28 March 2020 / 30 March 2019 

60,456   

(69,838 ) 

53,512   

(51,632 ) 

57,009   

(71,993 ) 

52,989   

(60,653 )

Experience adjustments

All figures in £’000 

Arising on plan assets 

Percentage of scheme assets 

Arising on plan liabilities 

2020   

2,693   

2.36 % 

12,244   

2019   

2,503   

2.28 % 

(5,761 ) 

2018   

(1,161 ) 

(1.09 %) 

3,754   

2017   

9,505   

2016

(624 )

8.98 % 

(0.66 %)

(21,383 ) 

7,178

Percentage of scheme liabilities 

10.08 % 

(4.34 %) 

2.98 % 

(16.70 %) 

6.84 %

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

104

105

 
 
 
    
    
    
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

Deferred tax liabilities 

All figures in £’000 

At 31 March 2018 
Adjustments in respect of prior years 
(Charge)/Credit to income statement 

At 30 March 2019 
Adjustment on initial application of IFRS 16 
Charge to income statement 

Group 

Accelerated capital   
allowances   

Company 

    Accelerated capital   
allowances   

Total   

(1,773 ) 
(6 ) 
(33 ) 

(1,812 ) 
-   
(401 ) 

(1,773 ) 
(6 ) 
(33 ) 

(1,812 ) 
-   
(401 ) 

(106 ) 
-   
2   

(104 ) 
(5 ) 
(5 ) 

(114 ) 

Total

(106 )
-
2

(104 )
(5 )
(5 )

(114 )

At 28 March 2020 

(2,213 ) 

(2,213 ) 

21 Share capital

Group and Company 
Issued and fully paid

At 28 March 2020 and 30 March 2019 

Potential issue of ordinary shares

Number of ordinary shares   

£’000  

9,554,803                

2,389

Under the Group’s long-term incentive plan for executive directors and senior executives, such individuals hold rights over ordinary 
shares that may result in the issue of up to 52,163 ordinary shares of 25p by August 2022 (2019: 62,730 ordinary shares of 25p by August 
2021). There were no share options exercised in the period (2019: 38,684). Further information on directors share options can be seen in 
the Remuneration Committee Report.

Options at 30     Options granted   Options exercised   
in the period   
in the period   

 March 2019   

Options not    Options lapsed   

Options at               

expected to vest   

in the period    March 2020

Share options 

62,730   

52,982   

nil   

(33,976 ) 

(29,573 ) 

52,163

The amount of gains made by Directors on no share options exercised in the year totalled £nil (2019: 38,684 share options with gains  
of £638,286). The Statement of Comprehensive Income includes LTIP credits of £255,885 for the year in relation to Directors  
(2019: £21,473 charge).

Sensitivity analyses

The sensitivity analyses below have been determined based on reasonable possible changes to the respective assumptions occurring at the 
end of the reporting period, while holding all other assumptions constant. The sensitivity analyses may not be representative of the actual 
changes in the net retirement benefits as it is unlikely that the changes in assumptions would occur in isolation of one another and some of 
the assumptions may be inter-related.

Current assumption 

Sensitivity  

£’000 

Effect on DBO

Staff Scheme  

Discount rate 

Price inflation 

2.50%pa 

2.55%pa (RPI) 

1.80%pa (CPI) 

0.25% decrease 

£1,919 

0.25% increase 

£540 

Mortality 

142% of SAPS “S3” series table 

Increase in life expectancy of 1 year 

£2,505 

Works Scheme  

Current assumption 

Sensitivity  

£’000 

Effect on DBO

Discount rate 

Price inflation 

2.55%pa 

2.50%pa (RPI) 

1.75%pa (CPI) 

0.25% decrease 

£3,107 

0.25% increase 

£712 

Mortality 

142% of SAPS “S3” series table 

Increase in life expectancy of 1 year 

£3,174 

+4.4%

+1.0%

+4.5%

20 Deferred taxation

The movement on the deferred tax account is shown below:

All figures in £’000 

At 30 March 2019 / 31 March 2018  

(Charge)/credit to other comprehensive income 

Charge to equity 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

(Charge)/credit to income statement 

At 28 March 2020 /  30 March 2019 

Group   
2020   

2,234   

(2,481 ) 

(125 ) 

-   

80   

 (292 ) 

Group   
2019   

2,053   

554   

(234 ) 

(43 ) 

(96 ) 

2,234   

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

Deferred tax assets have been recognised in respect of all temporary differences giving rise to deferred tax assets because it is  
probable that these assets will be recovered. No deferred tax is recognised on the un-remitted earnings of overseas subsidiaries.

Deferred tax assets 

Group 

Company

All figures in £’000  

At 31 March 2018 

Adjustments in respect of prior years 

(Charge)/Credit to income statement 

Charge to equity 

Credit to other comprehensive income 

At 30 March 2019 

Credit/(charge) to income statement 

Charge to equity 

Charge to other comprehensive income 

At 28 March 2020 

Share   
Pension    options    Other   

Total   

Share   
Pension    options    Other   

3,310   

-   

(14 ) 

-   

554   

3,850   

413   

318   

34   

(81 ) 

(234 ) 

-   

37   

111   

-   

(125 ) 

(2,481 ) 

1,782   

-   

23   

198   

(71 ) 

32   

-   

-   

159   

(43 ) 

-   

-   

3,826   

3,310   

(37 ) 

(63 ) 

(234 ) 

554   

-   

(14 ) 

-   

554   

4,046   

3,850   

481   

(125 ) 

413   

-   

(125 ) 

(2,481 ) 

(2,481 ) 

127   

(72 ) 

1   

-   

-   

56   

73   

-   

-   

116   

1,921   

1,782   

129   

1,934

3,840   

(2,481 ) 

(125 ) 

(5 ) 

591   

1,820   

318   

34   

(81 ) 

(234 ) 

-   

37   

111   

-   

23   

+3.7%

+1.0%

+4.9%

3,649

554

(234 )

(37 )

(92 )

3,840

Total

3,755

(38 )

(94 )

(234 )

554

3,943

597

(125 )

(2,481 )

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

106

107

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
Notes to the Financial Statements

Notes to the Financial Statements

22 Employees and directors

Staff costs during the period

All figures in £’000 

Wages and salaries 

Social Security costs 

Pension costs (note 19) 

Group   
2020   

25,567   

2,325   

2,496   

30,388   

Group   
2019   

23,340   

2,314   

2,529   

28,183   

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

4,284   

407   

898   

5,589   

3,086

477

1,065

4,628

The average monthly number of people (including executive directors) employed in the Group during the year, analysed by division was 
as follows:

All figures in Number 

James Cropper Paper Products  

James Cropper 3D Products 

Technical Fibre Products 

James Cropper PLC 

23 Capital commitments

All figures in £’000 

Contracts placed for future capital expenditure 
not provided in the financial statements

Full Time Equivalent 

Headcount

2020   

2019   

2020   

381   

26   

112   

65   

584   

371   

20   

104   

63   

558   

391   

27   

117   

91   

626   

2019

377

21

107

84

589

Group   
2020   

4,172   

Group   
2019   

1,134   

Company   
2020   

Company 
2019

119   

319 

Capital commitments include contracts placed by TFP totalling £1.7m for the extension of the factory and the new line 4. 
Capital commitments include contracts placed by Paper totalling £1.9m for new embosser / varnisher equipment.

24 Contingencies and post balance sheet events

There were no contingent liabilities at the period end for the Group.  
The Company is included in a cross guarantee between itself and its subsidiaries. 

At the date of authorisation of these financial statements, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic is ongoing.  
For further details, please refer to the Chief Executives Review (pages 08 to 12) and the Chief Financial Officer’s Review (pages 13 to 17).

25 Related party transactions

Group

The Group has taken advantage of the exemption not to disclose intra-group transactions that are eliminated on consolidation.

Company

The Company paid £40,000 (2019: £40,000) to Sir James Cropper (Honorary President) for the use of reservoirs to supply water to the 
factory premises. The contract is based on a twenty year repairing lease with rent reviews every five years. The rent is negotiated through 
independent advisers representing each party. The Company paid £240 (2019: £6,597) to Ellergreen Hydro, a company in which M A J 
Cropper (Chairman and Non-Executive Director) is Managing Director, in the period for maintenance work. The Company paid £16,416 
(2019: £13,651) to Ellergreen Estate (trading name of the J A Cropper (1989) Settlement), a trust of which M A J Cropper is a beneficiary, 
for imports of electricity from the hydro-electric plant owned and operated by the Trust. The company has rented the roof space of one of 
the buildings to Burneside Community Energy Ltd, who have installed solar panels. The company is importing the electricity generated 
by the solar panels and paid £11,962 (2019: £15,834) to Burneside Community Energy Ltd. M A J Cropper is a director of Burneside 
Community Energy Ltd.

The Company also has the following transactions with related entities:

2020 

All figures in £’000 

James Cropper Speciality Papers Limited 

James Cropper Converting Limited 

James Cropper 3D Products Limited 

Technical Fibre Products Limited 

James Cropper Overseas Trading Limited 

2019 

All figures in £’000 

James Cropper Speciality Papers Limited 

James Cropper Converting Limited 

James Cropper 3D Products Limited 

Technical Fibre Products Limited 

James Cropper Overseas Trading Limited 

Management   
charges   

Receivable /   
(Payable ) 

Loans and net 
intercompany 
funding

5,647   

-   

429   

1,569   

-   

7,645   

617   

62   

(11 ) 

(8 ) 

29   

690   

(5,027 )

9,429

9,981

17,838

-

32,220

Management   
charges   

Receivable /   
(Payable ) 

Loans and net 
intercompany 
funding

6,166   

-   

343   

1,575   

-   

8,084   

2,144   

84   

497   

154   

22   

2,901   

(2,963 )

13,111

6,748

12,866

-

29,762

Compensation for key management 

In accordance with IAS 24, “Related Party Disclosures”, key management personnel are those persons having authority and 
responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, directly or indirectly, and includes directors (both 
executive and non-executive) of James Cropper PLC. The Board and those members of the executive committee who are not directors 
comprise the key management personnel of the Group. The remuneration of the directors is disclosed in the Report of the Remuneration 
Committee (page 57).

All figures in £’000 

Salaries and fees 

Short term employee benefits 

Short term bonuses 

Pension costs 

Shared based payments 

Total 

2020   

1,164   

161   

200   

71   

-   

2019

1,201

142

56

76

638

1,596   

2,113

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

The accompanying notes form part of the financial statements

108

109

   
   
 
  
   
   
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
2019 – 2020 Shareholder Information

Reporting 

Interim Results announced and sent to 

Ordinary Shareholders 

Final results announced 

Notification of AGM issued by 

19 November 2019

23 June 2020

7 July 2020

Annual General Meeting - at TFP offices, Burneside Mills, Kendal, Wednesday 29 July 2020 at 11.00am.

Dividends on Ordinary Shares 

Interim dividend paid on 10 January 2020 to Ordinary Shareholders registered on 29 November 2019.

No final dividend proposed.

Advisers 

Independent Auditor

BDO LLP, Manchester

Tax Advisers

PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP, Manchester 

NOMAD & Stockbrokers 

Shore Capital, London 

Corporate Lawyers 

DWF LLP, Manchester 
Bond Dickinson, Newcastle upon Tyne

Registrars 

Link Asset Services, Beckenham

Pension Adviser

Willis Towers Watson, Manchester

James Cropper PLC

Telephone.  +44 (0)1539 722 022 
Email.  info@cropper.com

Burneside Mills 
Kendal, Cumbria LA9 6PZ 
Great Britain

www.jamescropper.com

Company Registration No: 30226

110

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
         
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