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Kakuzi

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FY2020 Annual Report · Kakuzi
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KAKUZI PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT AND AUDITED CONSOLIDATED AND SEPARATE 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2020 

1 

 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc  
Annual Report and Consolidated and separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Table of Contents 

Company information  

Notice of Annual General Meeting 

Virtual Annual General Meeting Instructions 

Minutes of the Ninety Second Annual General Meeting 

Chairman’s Statement 

Report of the Directors 

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities  

Statement on Corporate Governance 

Directors’ Remuneration Report 

Independent Auditors’ Report 

Financial Statements:  

Consolidated and separate statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

Separate statement of financial position 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Separate statement of changes in equity 

Consolidated and separate statement of cash flows 

Page No 

3 

4  

4(a) – 4(b) 

4(c) – 4(e) 

5 – 8  

9 – 10  

11   

12 - 21 

22   

23 – 26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

Notes to the consolidated and separate financial statements 

33 - 79 

Five year record 

Major shareholders and distribution schedule 

Form of proxy (Annual General Meeting) 

80 

81 

82 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Company Information 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

COUNTRY OF INCORPORATION 

The Company is incorporated in Kenya under the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015. 

DIRECTORS 

The Directors who held office during the year and at the date of this report were:- 

Chairman (Appointed 31 October 2020) 

Mr. N Ng’ang’a  
Mr. C J Flowers*  Managing Director  
Mr. G H Mclean*  Chairman (Stepped down 31 October 2020) 
Mr. K R Shah  
Mr. K W Tarplee* 
Mr. D M Ndonye 
Mr. S N Waruhiu 
Mr. A N Njoroge 
Dr. J K Kimani 
*    British 

(Appointed 01 November 2020)   

(Deceased 13 February 2020) 

REGISTERED OFFICE  

REGISTRARS 

Main Office  
Punda Milia Road, Makuyu  
P O Box 24  
01000 THIKA  
Telephone (060) 2033012 
E-mail: mail@kakuzi.co.ke 

Custody & Registrars Services Limited 
Bruce House, 6th Floor 
Standard Street 
P O Box 8484 
00100 NAIROBI 
Telephone (020) 2230242 
Facsimile (020) 2211773 

SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES  

AUDITOR 

Estates Services Limited  
Kaguru EPZ Limited  

(100% holding) 
(100% holding) 

Deloitte & Touche 
Deloitte Place   
Waiyaki Way, Muthangari 
P. O. Box 40092  
00100 NAIROBI 

SECRETARY  

BANKERS 

John L G Maonga 
Maonga Ndonye Associates 
Jadala Place, Ngong Lane, Ngong Road 
P. O. Box 73248   
00200 NAIROBI 
Telephone (020) 2149923 

ORDINARY SHARES 

KCB Bank Kenya Limited 
P O Box 30081 
00100 NAIROBI 

NCBA Bank Kenya Plc 
P O Box 44599 
00100 NAIROBI 

The Company’s ordinary shares are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange and the London Stock 
Exchange.

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Notice of Annual General Meeting 

NOTICE is hereby given that the Ninety Third Annual General Meeting of the Members of the Company 
will be held via electronic means on Tuesday, 18th May 2021 at 12.00 noon for the following purposes:- 

1.  To read the notice convening the meeting. 

2.  To table the proxies and confirm the presence of a quorum. 

3.  To approve the minutes of the Ninety Second Annual General Meeting held on 9th June 2020. 

4.  To  receive,  consider  and  adopt  the  Financial  Statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2020 
together with the reports of the Chairman, the Directors and the Independent Auditors thereon. 

5.  To  declare  a  first  and  final  dividend  of  Shs.  18.00  per  ordinary  share  (2019:  Shs  14.00)  for  the 

Financial Year ended 31 December 2020. 

6.  To approve the Remuneration Report of the Board as detailed in the Annual Report for the Financial 

Year ended 31 December 2020. 

7.  To re-elect Directors:- 

i)  Mr Nicholas Ngang’a, a Director who is over seventy years old, retires by rotation in accordance 
with  Article  27  of  the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and  being  eligible  in  accordance  with 
Article 28 of the Company's Articles of Association, offers himself for re-election. 

ii)  Mr  Andrew  Ndegwa  Njoroge,  a Director who retires by rotation in accordance with  Article 27 of 
the  Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and  being  eligible  in  accordance  with  Article  28  of  the 
Company's Articles of Association, offers himself for re-election.  

iii)  Dr  John  K  Kimani,  retires  in  accordance  with  Article  26  (5)  of  the  Company’s  Articles  of 
Association  and  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  clause  2.5.1  of  the  Code  of  Corporate 
Governance  Practices  for  Issuers  of  Securities  to  the  Public,  2015.  Special  Notice  having  been 
received proposing for his re-election pursuant to Section 287 of the Companies Act, 2015, he offers 
himself for re-election. 

8. 

In accordance with the provisions of Section 769 of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015, the following 
Directors, being members of the Board Audit & Risk Committee be re-elected to continue to serve as 
members of the said Committee:-  

a)  Mr Daniel M Ndonye 
b)  Mr Stephen N Waruhiu 
c)  Mr Andrew N Njoroge 

9.  To  re-appoint  Messrs  Deloitte  &  Touche  as  Auditors  of  the  Company  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions of Section 721 (2) of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015 and to authorise the Directors to 
fix  the  Auditors’  remuneration  for  the  ensuing  Financial  Year  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
Section 724 (1) of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015. 

10.  To  transact  any  other  business  of  an  Annual  General  Meeting  of  which  due  notice  has  been 

received. 

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD 

J L G MAONGA 
COMPANY SECRETARY 

18 March 2021 

Note: 

A member entitled to attend and vote at this meeting is entitled to appoint a proxy to attend and vote on his/her behalf 
and such proxy need not be a member of the Company. 

Shareholders  will  be  able  to  register  to  follow  the  meeting,  vote  electronically  or  by  proxy  and  may  ask 
questions in advance of the Annual General Meeting in the manner detailed hereafter. Registration for the AGM 
will  open  on  Friday,  7th  May  2021  at  8.00  a.m  and  will  close  on  Monday,  17th  May  2021  at  12.00  noon. 
register  after  Monday,  17th  May,  2021  at  12.00  noon.
Shareholders  will  not  be  able 

to 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Virtual Annual General Meeting Instructions 

1)  Shareholders wishing to participate in the meeting should register for the AGM by dialing USSD 
short  code  number  *384*043#  or  via  https://digital.candrgroup.co.ke  and  following  the  various 
registration prompts. In order to complete the registration process, shareholders will need to have 
their  ID/Passport  Numbers  which  were  used  to  purchase  their  shares  and  their  shares  account 
number or CDSC Account Number at hand. For assistance shareholders should dial the following 
helpline  number  +254  20  7608216  from  8:00  a.m.  to  4:00  p.m.  from  Monday  to  Friday.  Any 
shareholder outside Kenya should dial the helpline number to be assisted to register or send an 
email to digital@candrgroup.co,ke. 

2)  Registration for the AGM opens on 7rd May, 2021 at 08:00am and will close on 17

th

 May, 2021 at 

12.00 Noon. 

3)  Shareholders wishing to raise any questions or clarifications regarding the AGM may do so by: 

a)  Sending their written questions by email to digital@candrgroup.co,ke;  or 
b)  Shareholders  who  will  have  registered  to  participate  in  the  meeting  shall  be  able  to  ask 
questions  via SMS  by  dialling  the  USSD  code  *384*043#  and  selecting  the  option  (ask 
Question) on the prompts; or 

c)  Shareholders  who  will  have  registered  to  participate  in  the  meeting  shall  be  able  to  ask 

questions by 
visiting  https://digital.candrgroup.co.ke  platform;  Select  Attend  Event;  Select  “Kakuzi 
Plc  AGM”; 
Select “Q&A” option tab and submit questions in text box provided; or 

d)  To  the  extent  possible, physically  delivering their  written questions by  14th  May, 2021  12:00 
Noon  with  a  return  physical  address  or  email  address  to  the  Company  Registrars  address: 
Custody & Registrars, at IKM Place, Tower B, 1st Floor, 5th Ngong Avenue 

4)  Shareholders wishing to vote may do so by: 

a)  Accessing  Virtual  AGM  via  https://digital.candrgroup.co.ke  platform;  Select  Attend  Event; 

Select “Kakuzi Plc AGM”; Select “Voting” option tab and vote; or 

b)  Accessing  Virtual  AGM  via  USSD  platform*384*043#;  use  the  menu  prompts  to  select 
“Kakuzi  Plc  AGM”;  select  the  menu  option  for  “Voting”  and  follow  the  various  prompts 
regarding the voting process. 

5) 

In accordance with Section 298(1) of the Companies Act, shareholders entitled to attend and vote 
at the AGM are entitled to appoint a proxy to vote on their behalf. 
  A  proxy  need  not  be  a  member  of  the  Company.  If  the  Proxy  appointed  is  not  the 

Chairman of the    AGM, the appointed proxy will need access to a mobile telephone. 

  A  proxy  form  is  included  in  this  Annual  Report  and  is  also  available  on  the  Company’s 
website  via  this  link:  https://www.kakuzi.co.ke/regulatory-news  Physical  copies  of  the  proxy 
form are also available at the Company Registrars address: Custody & Registrars, IKM Place, 
Tower B, 1st Floor, 5th Ngong Avenue, Nairobi. 

  A proxy form must be signed by the appointer or his attorney duly authorized in writing. If the 
appointer  is   a  body  corporate,  the  instrument  appointing  the  proxy  shall  be  given  under  its 
common  seal  or  under the  hand  of  an  officer  or  duly  authorized  attorney  of  such  body 
corporate. 

  A  completed  form  of  proxy  should  be  emailed  to  proxy@candrgroup.co.ke  or  delivered  to 
Custody & Registrars, at IKM Place, Tower B, 1st Floor, 5th Ngong Avenue, Nairobi so as to 
be  received  not  later than Friday  14th May 2021 at 12.00 Noon. Any person appointed as a 
proxy  should  submit  his/her  email  or  mobile  telephone  number  to  the  Company  not  later 
than Friday 14th May 2021 at 12.00 Noon. 

  Any proxy registration that is rejected will be communicated to the shareholder concerned not  

later than Monday 17th May 2021 to allow time to address any issues. 

4(a) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Virtual Annual General Meeting Instructions (continued) 

6)  The AGM will be streamed live via a link which shall be provided to all shareholders who will have 
registered to participate in the annual general meeting. Duly registered shareholders and proxies 
will  receive  a  short  message  service  (SMS)  and/or  an  email  prompt  on  their  registered  mobile 
numbers, 24 hours prior to the AGM acting as a reminder of the AGM. A second SMS and/or an 
email prompt shall be sent one hour ahead of the AGM, reminding duly registered shareholders 
and proxies that the AGM will begin in an hours’ time and providing a link to the live stream. 

7)  Duly registered shareholders and proxies may follow the proceedings of the AGM using the live 
stream platform and may access the agenda. Duly registered shareholders and proxies may vote 
(when prompted by the Chairman) via the USSD *384*043# or via https://digital.candrgroup.co.ke. 

8)  A poll shall be conducted for all the resolutions put forward in the notice. 

9)  Results of the AGM shall be published within 24 hours following conclusion of the AGM 

10)  The preferred method of paying dividends which are below Kshs 140,000.00 is through M-PESA. 
Shareholders  who  wish  to  receive  their  dividend  through  M-PESA  and  who  have  not  registered 
for  this mode  of  payment  can  opt  to  receive  future  dividends  by  dialling  *483*038#  or 
contacting  the  Share  Registrar, Custody & Registrars Services Limited 

11)  All  present  and  former  shareholders  of  the  Company  are  hereby  notified  that  pursuant  to  the 
provisions  of  the  Unclaimed  Financial  Assets  Act  No  40  of  2011  Parts  II  and  III,  dividends  and 
shares  which  have  not  been  claimed  for  a  period  of  three  (3)  years  or  more  will  require  to  be 
delivered to the Unclaimed Financial Assets Authority (‘the Authority) as abandoned assets on the 
appointed date. 

Therefore,  all  present  and  former  shareholders  with  unpaid  dividends  are  requested  to 
urgently contact the Share Registrar, Custody & Registrars Services Limited at the address 
indicated  below  to  claim  any  unpaid  dividends  to  avert  the  risk  of  the  dividends  being 
forwarded to the Authority. 

Custody & Registrars Services Limited (C&R Group) 
IKM Place, Tower B, 1st Floor 
5th Ngong Avenue, Nairobi  
Tel: Mobile: +254 20 7608216, 
Email: proxy@candrgroup.co.ke  

4(b) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MINUTES  OF  THE  NINETY  SECOND  ANNUAL  GENERAL  MEETING  OF  THE  COMPANY  HELD  BY 
ELECTRONIC MEANS ON TUESDAY, 09 JUNE 2020 AT 12:00 NOON 

KAKUZI PLC 

Present: 

- 

Chairman  

Mr Graham H Mclean 
Mr Christopher J Flowers  -  Managing Director 
Mr Daniel M Ndonye 
Mr Nicholas Ng’ang’a 
Mr Stephen Waruhiu 
Mr Andrew N Njoroge 
Mr Ketan R Shah 

Director 
Director 
Director 
Director 
Finance Director 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

Members                             - 

35 Shareholders were Present in Person or by Proxy –  
Representing 16,278,341 of the issued share capital of  
the Company 

In Attendance:  Ms Anne Muraya 
Mr John Maonga  

- 
- 

Representing Deloitte and Touché, External Auditors 
Company Secretary  

The Chairman opened the meeting by welcoming the shareholders to the Ninety Second Annual General 
Meeting (AGM) of the Company. He explained that this AGM had been convened and held virtually due 
to  the  COVID-19  situation.  He  thanked  all the members present for attending  the first ever  AGM of the 
Company to be held virtually. 

Thereafter,  he  introduced  himself,  the  Directors,  the  Company  Secretary  and  the  representative  of  the 
External Auditors who were present at this meeting.  

1.  NOTICE AND CONFIRMATION OF QUORUM 

At the request of the Chairman, the Company Secretary read the notice convening this meeting and 
confirmed the presence of a quorum to transact the business of this meeting. 

The Chairman thereupon declared the meeting properly convened and constituted. 

2.  CHAIRMAN’S REMARK 

The  Chairman  informed  the  shareholders’  about  the  untimely  demise  of  Mr  Kenneth  W  Tarplee,  a 
former Director of the Company, who passed on in the United Kingdom on 13 February 2020 after a 
long battle with cancer. He eulogized Mr Tarplee as being instrumental in developing the Company 
into its current state having had his focus on good corporate governance and absolute belief in moral 
and principled leadership. 

Thereafter,  the  Chairman  updated  the  shareholders  on  the  operations  and  activities  undertaken  by 
Management and staff members to support the efforts of the Community and County Government in 
tackling  the  COVID-19  pandemic.  He  also  highlighted  the  support  granted  by  the  National 
Government  bodies  as  well  as  other  stakeholders  who  had  ensured  that  the  operations  of  the 
Company, particularly in the production and exportation of products continued unhindered.  

The Chairman requested the shareholders to ask question relating to the Financial Statements which 
would be answered as the meeting progressed. 

The Chairman then explained to the members that all the resolutions that were required to be passed 
at this meeting would be read by the Company Secretary and the voting process would commence 
immediately after the Company Secretary would conclude reading the resolution until 2.00 p.m. (East 
African Time) on 9 June 2020. The results of the polling shall be placed on the Company’s website 
within 24 hours after the closure of the voting time. 

4(c) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAKUZI PLC 

MINUTES OF THE NINETY SECOND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (continued) 

The Chairman reported that the minutes of the Ninety First Annual General Meeting of the Company 
held on 14 May 2019 had been distributed to the Shareholders and were available on the Company’s 
website and he recommended that the minutes be taken as read. 

3.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

The Chairman recommended to the shareholders to take the Chairman’s Statement and the Directors 
report in the Annual Report for the Financial Year ended 31 December 2019 as read. 

He however presented key highlights of his Statement as well as the outlook of the Company for the 
year 2020. 

At  his  request,  Ms Anne Muraya, the representative of  the  External Auditors, read the Independent 
Auditors’ Report which was on pages 23 to 26 of the Annual Report for the Financial Year ended 31 
December 2019. 

The Chairman confirmed that the Company had received shareholders’ questions that answers had 
been placed on the Company’s Website. The Chairman invited two questions from the shareholders 
and  explained  that  the  shareholders  could  still  send more questions  which would  be answered and 
the same would be placed at the Company’s Website.  

It  was  reported  that  there  were  no  questions  raised  by  the  shareholders  who  had  attended  the 
meeting. 

The  Chairman  then  guided  the  shareholders  on  the  online  voting  procedure  in  respect  of  the 
resolutions by using either the web or the USSD. He thereafter requested the Company Secretary to 
read the resolutions that were to be voted on by the Shareholders.  

The  Company  Secretary  read  the  eight  resolutions  that were  to be voted on and he confirmed that 
there was no any other business submitted for discussion for this meeting. 

Thereupon, the Chairman declared the voting process open until 2.00 p.m. (East African Time) on 9 
June 2020. 

4.  RESOLUTIONS BASED ON POLLING RESULTS 

After the closure of the voting period and based on the analysis and outcome of the polling result of 
the 92nd Annual General Meeting, the following resolutions were duly passed:- 

a)  APPROVAL OF MINUTES 

It  was  resolved  that  the  minutes  of  the  Ninety  First  Annual  General  Meeting  held  on  14  May 
2019 be and are hereby approved. 

b)  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2019 

It  was  resolved  that  the  Audited  Financial  Statements  of  the  Company  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2019 together with the Chairman’s Statement and the Directors’ and the Independent 
Auditors’ Reports thereon be and are hereby adopted. 

c)  DIVIDEND 

It was resolved that the paid first and final Dividend of Kshs. 14.00 per ordinary share in respect 
of the Financial Year ended 31 December 2019 be and is hereby ratified. 

4(d) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAKUZI PLC 

MINUTES OF THE NINETY SECOND ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (continued) 

d)  REMUNERATION POLICY OF THE COMPANY 

It  was  resolved  that  the  Remuneration  Policy  of  the  Company  on  Directors  as  detailed  in  the 
Annual Report for the Financial Year ended 31 December 2019 be and is hereby is approved. 

e)  REMUNERATION REPORT OF THE BOARD 

It was resolved that the Remuneration Report of the Board as detailed in the Annual Report for 
the Financial Year ended 31 December 2019 be and is hereby approved. 

f)  RE-ELECTION OF A DIRECTORS 

i) 

It was resolved that in accordance with Article 27 of the Company’s Articles of Association, 
the  following  Directors  who  retired  by  rotation  and,  being  eligible  in  accordance  with  Article 
28  of  the  Company's  Articles  of  Association  and  had  offered  themselves  for  re-election,  be 
and are hereby re-elected:- 

a)  Mr Ketan Rameshchandra Shah 
b)  Mr Graham Harold Mclean 

ii) 

It was resolved that Mr Daniel Ndonye, a Director who had attained the age of seventy years 
and  had  retired  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  clause  2.5  of  the  Code  of  Corporate 
Governance  Practices  for  Issuers  of  Securities  to  the  Public,  2015  and,  a  Special  Notice 
having  been  received  which  proposed  his  re-election  pursuant  to  Section  287  of  the 
Companies Act, 2015, and had offered himself for re-election, be and is hereby re-elected. 

g)  RE-ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF AUDIT AND RISK COMMITTEE 

It was resolved that in accordance with the provisions of Section 769 of the Kenyan Companies 
Act, 2015, the following Directors, being members of the Board Audit & Risk Committee be and 
are hereby re-elected to continue to serve as members of the said Committee:- 

a)  Mr Daniel M Ndonye 
b)  Mr Stephen N Waruhiu 
c)  Mr Andrew N Njoroge 
d)  Mr Nicholas Ng’ang’a 

h)  RE-APPOINTMENT OF AUDITORS 

It was resolved that Messrs Deloitte & Touche be and are hereby re-appointed as the Auditors of 
the Company for the Financial Year ending 31 December 2020 in accordance with the provisions 
of Section 721 (2) of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015 and the Directors were authorized to fix 
their remuneration in accordance with the provisions of Section 724 (1) of the Kenyan Companies 
Act, 2015. 

THERE  BEING  NO  OTHER  BUSINESS,  THE  CHAIRMAN  URGED  THE  MEMBERS  TO  TAKE  CARE 
AND  BE  SAFE  DURING  THE  COVID-19  PANDEMIC  AND  DECLARED  THE  MEETING  CLOSED  AT 
12.35 P.M. (EAT) BUT THE VOTING PROCESS CONTINUED AND CLOSED AT 2.00 P.M. (EAT). 

Confirmed  ____________________________________ Date _______________________________ 

Chairman 

4(e) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Chairman’s Statement  
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

RESULTS  

The  Company  achieved  robust  results  for  the  year,  despite  the  uncertainty  in  our  main  sales  markets 
caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, with a pre-tax profit of Shs 848 million against Shs 1,014 million last 
year.  

Both  avocado  and  macadamia  export  volumes  were  higher  than  2019  but  these  were  not  sufficient  to 
mitigate  a  significant  reduction  of  34%  in  the  price  of  avocados.    The  market  prices  in  2019  were  at 
record levels whilst 2020’s prices were more in line with medium term average.  The contribution to the 
overall  results  by  macadamia  and sales  of wood products was encouraging and  reflects the benefits of 
having a diversified product portfolio. The significant increase in tea production in Kenya (569 million kg v 
458 million kg in 2019) has impacted negatively on price levels and consequently the profitability for this 
crop. 

The results also include the cost of the Company defending itself from a UK law firm who wished to bring 
Kakuzi into the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom.  As previously announced, Kakuzi was dropped as a 
party to the UK proceedings in July 2020. 

DIVIDEND 

Cash  reserves  are  strong  and  we  remain  in  a  good  position  to  meet  our  strategic  goals.    Your  Board 
recommends an increase in the dividend per share to Shs 18.00, compared to Shs 14.00 in 2019.  

OVERVIEW  

Notwithstanding the current challenges, our development strategies remain on track, not only to complete 
our agricultural expansions but also to continue our sustainability journey.  I am proud to have launched 
our  first  ever  Environment,  Social,  Governance  Report,  titled  ‘Our  steps  towards  sustainability  and 
responsibility.’    This  report  provides  a  fantastic  insight  into  our  operations  and  specifically  our 
commitment to upholding various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. 

Our agricultural operations performed well despite the challenging environment caused by the Pandemic.  
The  operations  were  all  modified  to  incorporate  social  distancing  measures,  the  wearing  of face  masks 
and  frequent  hand  cleaning  as  well  as  people  working  from  home  wherever  possible.    Despite  these 
challenges  we  were  still  able  to  produce,  process  and  deliver  our  products  to  the  market  with  little 
disruption.  For  this  we  are  extremely  grateful  to  all  our  employees  for  their  commitment  and  dedication 
during  these  difficult  times.      It  is  important  to  also  thank  the  many  National  and  County  Government 
bodies  which  worked  tirelessly  to  allow  businesses  like  ours  to  keep  on  running,  providing  employment 
and contributing positively to the economy. 

We were also able to continue with our economic empowerment commitment to the many small holders 
who we purchase fruit from.  A total of Ksh 58 million (85% of the net returns) was paid out to farmers in 
December 2020. 

All markets have been impacted by the Pandemic but given the significant developments in vaccines and 
their  roll  out  we  hope  that  2021  will  see  a  more  stable  situation  develop,  however  these  dynamics  are 
almost impossible to predict.  

OPERATIONS 

The  Pandemic  created  significant  disruption  in  our  main  European  markets  with  the  almost  complete 
closure  of  the  Food  Service  sector.    Despite  this,  demand  for  avocados  remained  resilient  through  the 
retail sector and was able to absorb the very high volumes which arrived in Europe from all origins, albeit 
at reduced price levels. 

On the back of exceptionally high rainfall our avocado export volumes were 27% up on 2019.  Cold chain 
logistics also operated well during the season despite the enormous challenges that the Pandemic placed 
on these at times. 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Chairman’s Statement (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

OPERATIONS (continued) 

Macadamia exports continue to grow as the orchards mature and were 30% greater than 2019.  Demand 
for macadamia was however negatively impacted by the Pandemic with our key markets experiencing a 
considerable downturn in sales.  It is likely that the impact of this will be felt for a period of time to come 
while the international markets absorb the high kernel stocks created by these reduced sales. 

Local  sales  of  wood  products,  blueberries  and  beef  were  reasonable  in  the  year.    There  is  a  growing 
demand  for  super  foods,  such  as  blueberries,  within  the  East  African  market  and  we  will  continue  to 
explore this opportunity in the coming year.   

Another  strong  performance  was  recorded  by  our  forestry  department.    The  demand  for  sustainably 
grown  timber  and  poles  is  high  which  is  encouraging  and  demonstrates  the  importance  of  sustainable 
forestry resources for Kenya.   

Our arable operations produced a significant amount of quality hay, predominately for local dairy farmers, 
with  demand  out  stripping  supply.    We  will  continue  to  expand  these  plantings  to  keep  up  with  this 
demand. On the downside however, beef and other wood product sales were inevitably disrupted by the 
Pandemic as customer numbers for both our butchery and our other sales outlets fell.   

Tea  prices  again  were  under  severe  pressure  as  record  volumes  were  produced  and  exported  from 
Kenya.   

GOVERNANCE 

The allegations which have received wide media coverage over the last 6 months were shocking to us all 
and as stated previously, these are not matters which we take lightly.   

As stated in October 2020, Kakuzi began the development of an Operational-Level Grievance Mechanism 
(OGM)  to  enhance  the  timely  and  sensitive  resolution  to  grievances  that  any  of  our  employees  or 
stakeholders  may  have  with  Kakuzi.  The  OGM  will  be  fully  compliant  with  UN  Guiding  Principles  on 
Business  and  Human  Rights,  and  will  be  a  fair,  transparent  and  independent  means  to  resolve  any 
complaints  of  personal  injuries  connected  to  Kakuzi's  operations.  The  OGM  is  being  developed  in 
extensive consultation with local communities. An independent, internationally recognized Human Rights 
consultancy organization will take the lead on this. 

In  addition,  Kakuzi  has  engaged  independent  experts  to  conduct  a  comprehensive  Human  Rights 
Impact Assessment of Kakuzi's operations, so that local communities and commercial partners can have 
confidence in Kakuzi's commitment to, and attainment of, the highest standards of business and Human 
Rights. 

The Board is well advanced in establishing a high level Independent Human Rights Advisory Committee 
(IHRAC)  whose  role  will  be  to  provide  independent  advice  to  the  Board  on  matters  relating  to  Human 
Rights  and  governance  structures.    We  believe  the  combination  of  all  these  measures  is  a  clear 
demonstration of our commitment to adopt the highest standards possible in our operations. 

CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENT (CSI) AND SUSTAINABILITY 

Our  commitment to ethical and sustainable production of quality agricultural products continues and we 
thank  all  of  our  employees,  surrounding  communities,  development  partners  and  all  the  other 
stakeholders for their continued support. 

Kakuzi is a signatory to UN Women with a view to supporting the principles of women empowerment. In 
addition,  we  continue  to  have  a  mutually  beneficial  membership  to  the  United  Nations  Global  Compact 
(UNGC)  whose  principles  on  Human  Rights,  Environment,  Labour  relations  and  Anti-corruption  are 
reflected in our CSI activities. 

As  stated  in  our  Environmental  Social  and  Governance  (ESG)  report  our  focus  is  on  six  of  the  United 
Nations  Sustainable  Development  Goals  (SDG’s),  to  include;  Good  Health  and  Wellbeing,  Quality 
Education,  Gender  Equality,  Clean  Water  and  Sanitation,  Decent  Work  and  Economic  Growth  and    on 
Climate Action. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Chairman’s Statement (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

CORPORATE SOCIAL INVESTMENT (CSI) AND SUSTAINABILITY (continued) 

With  respect  to  the  goals  regarding  Quality  Education  for  all,  we  have  invested  in  various  learning 
facilities through the refurbishing of classrooms, constructing sanitation blocks, provision of school desks 
and the installation of clean drinking water projects for learners.  To assist our employee’s children when 
the  schools  were  closed,  we  purchased  radios  which  allowed  them  to  access  education  through  the 
school radio programs broadcasted by The Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development. 

In  line  with  our  commitment  to  Gender  Equality  our  programs  on  the  Sexual  Harassment  Awareness 
Reporting  and  Prevention  (SHARP)  and  our  menstrual  hygiene  program,  Tabasamu,  have  featured 
strongly  in  our  training  programs  for  all  employees  as  well  as  our  donation  initiatives  to  community 
members.  Kakuzi  also  won  the  2020  prestigious  international  SEDEX  Award  for  the  best  Health  and 
Safety programs of all the suppliers world-wide accredited under this scheme. 
https://www.sedex.com/winners-of-the-sedex-responsible-business-awards-announced/ 

Expanding our community linkages is of great importance to our operations.   To this end we contracted 
three Community Liaison  Officers to  enhance our communication links between the community and the 
Company. We have received positive feedback in this regard.  

In keeping  with the  Company’s principles,  we reacted to the COVID-19 Pandemic in various ways from 
establishing measures to protect our employees to strengthening our community support strategies. Such 
initiatives included providing ICU beds, medical monitors, medical equipment to the County Government 
hospital,  food  donations  to  the  needy,  the  provision  of  more  school  desks  to  allow  for  better  social 
distancing in numerous schools and providing clean water for hand washing in many trading centres.  To 
protect our employees, the Company instituted a comprehensive daily health screening system as well as 
providing sanitisers, hand washing facilities and face masks in all of our work settings.  These measures 
remain in place.  

STRATEGIC GOALS & DEVELOPMENTS 

The  income  diversification  strategy  is  now  beginning  to  show  clear  results.  Avocados,  macadamia  nuts 
and  wood  products  are  all  strong  contributors  to  the  business  performance.    We  hope  in  time  that  the 
blueberry venture will add a fourth component to this strategy.    

During  the  year  we  continued  with  our  avocado  plantings  with  an  additional  85  ha  planted.    Irrigation 
developments in both macadamia and avocados were undertaken which is a key part of our strategy to 
mitigate the risk of adverse weather. 

The  upgraded  avocado  pack  house  was  also  successfully  commissioned  which  now  doubles  our 
processing  capacity  and  will  be  sufficient  to  cope  with  increasing  crop  levels  for  many  years  to  come.  
Exploring  the  use  of  new  technology  is  also  of  key  importance  in  our  macadamia  cracking  facility  to 
ensure the highest standards of products are packed.   

We  are  looking  to  diversify  our  livestock  operations  through  a  combination  of  beef  cattle  and  goat 
production to answer the demands of many local businesses surrounding our operations.  Goat rearing 
will be trialled in 2021 and if successful will be expanded. 

Our small holder avocado economic empowerment program is yielding good results and this will continue 
with the objective of getting greater market access for this fruit.  Training and technology transfer is key 
and our staff are keenly focused on this task.  For Kenya to correctly take its position as a world leader in 
avocado production we must continue to train farmers on what the markets demand from them. 

STAFF  

Our commitment to developing staff at all levels continues.  As our operations grow, so does our need for 
skilled graduates to manage and provide innovation to our practices.  We continue to recruit and develop 
our staff to meet the challenges of the complex operations at Kakuzi and as these operations grow they 
bring much needed employment opportunities for our surrounding communities.  On average last year we 
employed 2,600 people per day which amounted to 750,000 employee days in the year.   

7 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Chairman’s Statement (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

STAFF (continued) 

To assist in protecting our workforce from COVID-19, we employ a team of 13 Public Health Officers who 
on a daily basis are tasked to interact with workers, perform health checks, and provide invaluable advice 
on the compliance with public health regulations within all the Company’s housing and processing units. 

I would like to thank the whole team for their efforts especially in keeping all of our employees as safe as 
they could be during this difficult time. 

BOARD ANNOUNCMENTS 

As announced on  the  1st November 2020, Mr Nicholas Ng’ang’a was appointed Chairman of the Board 
taking over from Mr Graham Mclean who stepped down from this position after 4 years but will continue 
his membership of the Board as a non-executive Director. We would like to thank Mr Mclean sincerely for 
his wise and able leadership over the years.  

We were also fortunate to welcome Dr John Kimani as a new member of the Board. Dr Kimani brings to 
the Board extensive knowledge and experience in the agricultural field and we trust that the Board and 
the Company will greatly benefit from his contribution. 

LOOKING AHEAD 

The  continued  crisis  in  the  world  caused  by  COVID-19  will  have  an  impact  on  this  coming  year  but 
hopefully not to the same devastating levels as 2020. 

Consumer demands are, quite rightly, becoming more focussed on transparency in the supply chain as 
are  the  key  issues  of  sustainability  and  quality.    We  not  only  have  to  uphold  these  values  but  actively 
demonstrate that we are achieving them. 

In  addition,  Kakuzi  has  engaged  independent  experts  to  conduct  a  comprehensive  Human  Rights 
Impact  Assessment  of  Kakuzi's  operations,  so  that  local  communities  and  commercial  partners  can 
have confidence in Kakuzi's commitment to, and attainment of, the highest standards of business and 
Human Rights. 

Our  commitment  to  our  custodial  philosophy  will  only  be  strengthened  by  the  measures  we  have 
implemented as outlined above. 

We  seek  to  continuously  evolve  in  all  aspects  of  our  operations,  from  using  technology  to  reduce  our 
carbon  footprint,  to  the  diversity  of  our  crops  and  equally  as  importantly  in  our  Community  Social 
Investment programs. 

Commodity prices are  impossible to predict and given the complexities of the international markets any 
attempt to project results for the year ahead would be futile. 

The past year has posed some very significant challenges for the Company and I would like to thank the 
Management and all Board Members for the professionalism, leadership and fortitude in which they have 
handled this situation.   

Kakuzi remains committed to our core values of acting honestly, fairly, with integrity and respect for the 
community and all of our other stakeholders.  

NICHOLAS NG’ANG’A 
CHAIRMAN  

18 March 2021 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Report of the Directors 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The  Directors  submit  their  report  together  with  the  audited  Financial  Statements  for  the  year  ended  31 
December  2020,  which  disclose  the  state  of  affairs  of  Kakuzi  Plc  (the  “Group  and  the  Company”).  The 
annual  report  and  financial  statements  have been prepared  in accordance with the Kenyan  Companies 
Act, 2015. 

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES 

The principal activities of the Group comprise: 

  Growing, packing and selling of avocados 

  Growing, cracking and selling of macadamia nuts 

  The cultivation and sale of tea green leaf 

  Forestry development and sale of forestry products 

  Livestock farming, animal feed and sale of beef 

  Growing, packing and selling of blueberries 

The two subsidiary companies are dormant. 

BUSINESS REVIEW 

A review of the business of the Group is incorporated within the Chairman’s statement on pages 5 to 8. 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES  

There  are  a  number  of  possible  risks  and  uncertainties  that  could  impact  the  Group’s  operations.  The 
Group regularly monitors the risks. The information on the Group’s financial risks is disclosed in Note 4 of 
the  Financial  Statements.  The  following  risks  relating  to  the  Group’s  principal  operations  have  been 
identified: 

i) 
ii) 
iii) 
iv) 

Climate change: level of rainfall affecting crop yields and in extreme cases, crop viability. 
Price volatility: changes in market prices impact profitability each season. 
Currency fluctuation: profit volatility arising from sales denominated in foreign currency. 
Cost of labour: increased cost of production and lower profitability.  

RESULTS AND DIVIDEND 

The  net  profit  for  the  year  of  Shs  622,034,000  (2019:  Shs  713,439,000)  has  been  added  to  retained 
earnings.  The  Directors  recommend  the  approval  of  a  first  and  final  dividend  of  Shs  18.00  (2019:  Shs 
14.00) per ordinary share. 

The results for the year are set out on pages 27 to 79 in the attached Financial Statements. 

ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING 

The Ninety Third Annual General Meeting of the Company will be held via electronic means on Tuesday, 
18th May 2021 at 12.00 noon. 

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Report of the Directors (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

DIRECTORS 

The Directors who held office during the year and at the date of this report are set out on page 3. 

The Directors’ interests in the share capital of the company are listed below: - 

      At 31 December 2020  
Non-
Beneficial 
Ordinary 
shares 

Beneficial 
Ordinary 
shares 

      At 31 December 2019  
Non-
beneficial 
Ordinary 
shares 

Beneficial 
Ordinary 
shares 

Mr. K W Tarplee (Deceased 13 February 2020) 
Mr. G H Mclean 
Mr. C J Flowers 
Mr. K R Shah 
Mr. N Ng’ang’a 
Mr. D M Ndonye 
Mr. S N Waruhiu 
Mr. A N Njoroge 
Dr J K Kimani 

-   
100   
-   
200   
1,000   
-   
-   
-   
6,330,699   

75   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

-   
100   
-   
200   
1,000   
-   
-   
-   
6,311,199   

75  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  

Mr  Nicholas  Ngang’a,  a  Director  who  is  over  seventy  years  old,  retires  by  rotation  in  accordance  with 
Article 27 of the Company’s Articles of Association and being eligible in accordance with Article 28 of the 
Company's Articles of Association, offers himself for re-election. 

Mr  Andrew  Ndegwa  Njoroge,  a  Director  who  retires  by  rotation  in  accordance  with  Article  27  of  the 
Company’s  Articles  of  Association  and  being  eligible  in  accordance  with  Article  28  of  the  Company's 
Articles of Association, offers himself for re-election.  

Dr John K Kimani, retires in accordance with Article 26 (5) of the Company’s Articles of Association and in 
accordance with the provisions of clause 2.5.1 of the Code of Corporate Governance Practices for Issuers of 
Securities to the Public, 2015. Special Notice having been received proposing for his re-election pursuant to 
Section 287 of the Companies Act, 2015, he offers himself for re-election. 

In  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  Section  769  of  the  Kenyan  Companies  Act,  2015,  the  following 
Directors,  being  members  of  the  Board  Audit  &  Risk  Committee  be  re-elected  to  continue  to  serve  as 
members of the said Committee:-  

a)  Mr Daniel M Ndonye 
b)  Mr Stephen N Waruhiu 
c)  Mr Andrew N Njoroge 

DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS  
Each  Director  confirms  that,  so  far  as  he  is  aware  at  the  date  of  approval  of  this  report,  there  is  no 
relevant audit information of which the Group’s and Company’s auditor is unaware and that each Director 
has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a Director to make himself aware of any relevant 
audit information and to establish that the Group’s and Company’s auditor is aware of that information. 

AUDITORS 
Deloitte  &  Touche,  having  expressed  their  willingness,  continue  in  office  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  section  721  (2)  of  the  Kenyan  Companies  Act,  2015.  The  Directors  monitor  the 
effectiveness, objectivity, and independence of the auditor. The Directors also approve the annual audit 
engagement contract, which sets out the terms of the auditor's appointment and the related fees. 

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD 

K R SHAH 
DIRECTOR 

18 March 2021 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The  Kenyan  Companies  Act,  2015  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each 
financial year which give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Company at 
the end of the financial year and of their financial performance for the year then ended. It also requires 
the directors to ensure that the Company and its subsidiaries maintain proper accounting records that are 
sufficient  to  show  and  explain  the  transactions  of  the  Company  and  its  subsidiaries;  disclose  with 
reasonable  accuracy  the  financial  position  of  the  Group  and  the  Company;  and  that  enables  them  to 
prepare  financial  statements  of  the  Group  and  the  Company  that  comply  with  prescribed  financial 
reporting  standards  and  the  requirements  of  the  Kenyan  Companies  Act,  2015.  The  Directors  are  also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and for taking reasonable steps for the prevention 
and detection of fraud and error.      

The Directors accept responsibility for the preparation and presentation of these Financial Statements in 
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and in the manner required by the Kenyan 
Companies Act, 2015. They also accept responsibility for:  

i.  Designing,  implementing  and  maintaining  such  internal  control  as  they  determine  necessary  to 
enable  the  preparation  of  financial  statements  that  are  free from material misstatement, whether 
due to fraud or error; 

ii.  Selecting suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; and 
iii.  Making judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable in the circumstances  

In  preparing  the  Financial  Statements,  the  Directors  have  assessed  the  Group’s  and  the  Company’s 
ability  to  continue  as  going  concerns  and  disclosed,  as  applicable,  matters  relating  to  the  use  of  going 
concern  basis  of  preparation  of  the  financial  statements.  Nothing  has  come  to  the  attention  of  the 
Directors to indicate that the Group and the Company will not remain going concerns for at least the next 
twelve months from the date of this statement. 

The Directors acknowledge that the independent audit of the Financial Statements does not relieve them 
of their responsibilities. 

Approved by the Board of Directors on 18 March 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

K R SHAH 
DIRECTOR 

C J FLOWERS 
DIRECTOR 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The Board and Management of the Group recognise that effective corporate governance is central to the 
prudent direction and operation of the Group in a manner that ultimately enhances shareholder value and 
satisfies  the  interests  of  other  stakeholders.  This  statement  outlines  the  Group's  approach  toward 
corporate governance policies and practices. 

The Group’s corporate governance practices and policies have been developed under the stewardship of 
the Board in response to evolving laws and best practices, including the guidelines issued by The Capital 
Markets Authority, The Code of Corporate Governance Practices for Issuers of Securities to The Public 
2015 (the Code) and other global best practices. 

Following the issuance of the Code, the Board embarked on tracking the implementation of the guidelines 
and recommendations therein. The Board, in order to ensure that the Group is compliant, commissions a 
Governance  Audit  to  be  undertaken  by  an  auditor,  accredited  by  the  Institute  of  Certified  Public 
Secretaries of Kenya, every two years. The last Governance audit was undertaken for the year 2019. The 
next audit is planned for year 2021. 

This  statement  describes  how  the  Group  applies  the  main  principles  of  the  Code.  The  Group 
acknowledges and continues to consider the recommendations of the Code carefully and implement as 
appropriate.  Areas  that  have  yet  to  be  implemented  are  highlighted  in  the  various  sections  below.  In 
implementing the Code, the Directors have taken account of the Group’s size and structure and the fact 
that there is a controlling shareholder, Camellia Plc.  

Board Size, Composition and Independence  

The  Group  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  Directors  each  of  whom  is,  with  the  exception  of  the  Managing 
Director, elected by the shareholders. 

The  Board  currently  comprises  of  eight  Directors,  three  of  whom  are  independent  non-executive 
Directors.  Of  the  remaining  Directors,  two  are  executive,  and  three  are  non-executive,  including  a  non-
executive Chairman. The independent and other non-executive Directors constitute over two-thirds of the 
Board.  The  Directors'  abridged  biographies  appear  on  the  Group's  website,  and  the  names  of  the 
Directors are listed on page 3 of this Annual Report.  

The  non-executive  Directors  are  independent  of  management.  Their  role  is  to  advise,  constructively 
challenge  and  monitor  the  success  of  management  in  delivering  the  agreed  strategy  within  the  risk 
appetite and control framework that is set by the Board.  

Based on the size, complexity and governance needs of the Group, the current Board size is considered 
sufficient. The size of the Board has conformed to the applicable legal and regulatory frameworks.  

All the Directors, excluding the Managing Director, are subject to retirement by rotation and must seek re-
election by shareholders at least once every three years in accordance with the Articles of Association.  
Any  Director  appointed  during  the  year  is  required  to  retire  and  seek  re-election  at  the  next  Annual 
General Meeting.  

A  review  of  the  other  listed  Group  Directorships  of  the  Directors  indicated  that  all  the  Directors  have 
complied  with  the  Code,  which  limits  the  number  of  Directorships  in  listed  companies  a  member  of  the 
Board holds at any given time.  

12 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Board Responsibilities  

Internal controls   

  Strategy   
  Acquisitions and disposals   
  Financial reporting and control   
 
  Approval of expenditure above specified limits   
  Approval of transactions and contracts above specified limits   
  Responsibilities for corporate governance   
  Board membership and committees   
  Approval of changes to capital structure  
  Debt financing 

Board Diversity 

The  Board  is  well  composed  in  terms  of  the  range  and  diversity  of  skills,  experience  and  technical 
knowledge and has an appropriate balance of executive, non - executive and independent Directors. The 
Board  recognises  that  opportunities  exist  to  consider  diversity  upon  future  retirement  of  non-executive 
Directors as per the governance guidelines. 

Director’s Name 

Occupation 

Appointment Date 

Mr  Nicholas  Ng’ang’a  –  Chairman  –  Non-Executive 
Director 
Mr Christopher Flowers – Managing Director 
(Executive Director). 
Mr Graham Mclean – Non-Executive Director 

Mr Daniel M Ndonye – Independent Director 

Mr Stephen Waruhiu –Independent Director  

Mr Andrew Ndegwa Njoroge –– Independent Director  

Farmer/Businessman 

28 November 2002 

Engineer 

28 March 2013 

Agriculturist 

Accountant 

and  Estate 

Valuer 
Agent 
Accountant 

01 January 2005 

29 November 2012 

29 November 2012 

2 August 2016 

Dr John Kibunga Kimani – Non-Executive Director  

Agriculturist 

1 November 2020 

Mr Ketan Shah – Finance Director (Executive Director). 

Accountant 

28 August 2007 

Separation of powers and duties of the Chairman and the Managing Director  

The  roles  of  the  Board  are  separated  from  that  of  the  Management.  The  Chairman  provides  overall 
leadership to the Board without limiting the principles of collective responsibility for Board decisions. The 
Managing  Director  is  responsible  to  the  Board  and  takes  responsibility  for  the  effective  and  efficient 
running of the Group businesses on a day-to-day basis. 

Directors’ Shareholding 

Directors interest in the share capital of the Company are listed in the Report of the Directors on page 10 
of this Annual report. 

Board Policies 

The  Board  is  committed  to  ensuring  that  the  business  is  run  in  a  professional,  transparent,  just  and 
equitable  manner  to  protect  and  enhance  shareholder  value  and  satisfy  the  interests  of  other 
stakeholders. 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Board Policies (continued)  

The Board has established several policies and procedures to guide the Board and Management in the 
implementation of the roles and responsibilities of the Groups business. A summary of the Board policies 
and related governance documents include; 

  Board Charter - provides the roles and responsibilities of the Board.  
  Remuneration  Policy  -  provides  guidelines  and  criteria  of  Board  compensation,  attraction  and 

retention.   

  Code of Conduct and Ethics of Directors - provides guidance to directors to help them recognise and 
deal with ethical issues, provide mechanisms to report unethical conduct, and help foster a culture of 
honesty and accountability. The staff have a separate Code of Conduct and Ethics policy. 
  Conflict of Interest - the Code of Conduct and Ethics contains guidance on conflict of interest.  
  Corporate  Social  Responsibility  (CSR)  Policy  -  includes  purpose,  strategies,  guiding  principles, 
partnership  focus,  and  reporting  by  the  Group  with  respect  to  CSR  as  well  as  the  roles  and 
responsibilities  of  the  Board  and  employees  of  the  Group  regarding  CSR.  The  Group  has  published 
some of its CSR activities on its website.  

  Procurement Policy - includes the principles for the implementation of the policy, clear guidelines and 
operating instructions on all matters relating to procurement, and tender contracts within the Group as 
well as a comprehensive list of all the suppliers and vendors engaged by the Group.  

  Whistleblowing Policy – provides guidance for any individual who wants to raise legitimate concerns 
 
 

Insider Trading - the Code of Business Conduct provides guidelines on trading on insider information.  
Information  Communication  Technology  (ICT)  Policy  -  provides  guidelines  that  are  aligned  to  the 
strategic objectives of the Group.  

These  polices  and  others  are  available  on  the  Company’s  web  site,  www.kakuzi.co.ke/corporate-
governance 

Company Secretary  

The Company Secretary, who is a member of the Institute of Certified Secretaries of Kenya and in good 
standing,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Finance Director, provides guidance to the Board on its duties and 
responsibilities and other matters of governance and monitoring and coordinating their completion.  

Board and Directors’ effectiveness 

A  robust  support  system  enhances  board  effectiveness  in  its  oversight  and  leadership  role.  This  is 
facilitated through the following: 

Board Remuneration 

The  Director's  remuneration  policy  and  report,  including  details  of  their  compensation,  appear  on  page 
22.  

Board Meetings  

The Board and its Committees meet regularly in accordance with business requirements. The Committee 
meetings  are  scheduled  around  the  Board  meetings.  The  Agenda  and  supporting  papers  and  other 
appropriate  information  are  distributed  prior  to  each  meeting  to  allow  the  Board  and  its  Committees  to 
meet its duties. In 2020, four scheduled Board meetings and one ad-hoc Board meeting were held.  

The  Chairmen  of  the  Board  Committees  report  to  each  meeting  of  the  Board  on  the  activities  of  the 
Committees  since  the  previous  Board  meeting.    The  Board  receives  regular  reports  and  presentations 
from  the  Managing  Director.  The  Board  also  monitors  matters  arising  under  the  Code  of  Conduct,  the 
Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy and the Whistleblowing Policy.  

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Board Meetings (continued)  

The Board met and deliberated on, amongst other issues: 

  Share transactions and top shareholders 
  Updates on the strategic plan 
  Managing  Director’s  Report  which  includes  review  reports  on  progress  against  financial  objectives, 
business developments, investor and external relations, the environment, performance and updates 
on the strategic initiatives 

  Audit and Risk Committee Report 
  Nomination and Remuneration Committee Report 
  Corporate Social Responsibility 
  Anti-Bribery Report (Semi-Annually)  
  Training Needs report 
  Litigation matters 
  Public Relations proposal and Implementation Report 

Details of the Board and Board Committee meetings held during the Reporting Period and attendance at 
those meetings are set out on page 21. 

Directors’ external activities and Conflicts of Interest 

Directors have a statutory duty to avoid situations in which they have or may have interests that conflict 
with those of the Group. The conflict of interest requirements is embedded in the Code of Conduct and 
Ethics policy as well as the Directors’ letters of appointment. The Board and Board Committee meetings 
have a standing agenda item on the declaration of interest, where members declare actual, potential or 
perceived conflicts of interest. The declared items of interest are part of the minutes and are documented 
in a conflict of interest register. 

Insider Trading 

Internal policy and various laws, regulations and guidelines that regulate the Group’s businesses prohibit 
Directors  and  employees  from  dealing  in  the  Group's  securities  when  they  have  price-sensitive 
information  that  is  not  generally  available  to  the  market.  Information  is  considered  to  be  "nonpublic" 
unless it has been publicly disclosed, and adequate time has passed for the securities markets to digest 
the information. Staff are required to adhere to the Staff Code of Conduct on permissible trading activity. 
During  the  year  2020,  there  were  no  known  or  identified  instances  of  insider  trading  by  the  Directors, 
management and staff of the Group.  

Board Committees 

The Board has established Committees to assist it in discharging its responsibilities and obligations. The 
Committees assist the Board in carrying out its functions and ensuring that there is independent oversight 
of  internal  controls  and  risk  management.  These Committees have terms of  reference approved by the 
Board,  indicating  their  mandate,  authority,  duties,  composition  and  leadership.  The  appointment  of  the 
members to these Committees draws on the skills and experience of individual Directors. 

The Board has constituted its Committees in compliance with the Code. The Committees in place are the 
Audit  &  Risk  Committee,  the  Nomination  &  Remuneration  Committee  and  the  Litigation  Committee.  In 
addition  to  the  Board  committees,  the  Group  has  in  place  several  formally  established  management 
committees  that  deal  with  particular  sets  of  ongoing  issues.  These  include  the  Tender  Committee  and 
Training Committee, among others. 

The Board is also in the process of establishing an Independent Human Rights Advisory Committee. 

15 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Board Committees (continued) 

Management and external service providers and experts attend by invitation as circumstances dictate.  

Directors’ attendance of these committees is provided on page 21.   

Details of these Committees are given here below: 

Nomination & Remuneration Committee  

The Nomination & Remuneration Committee is chaired by Mr Stephen Waruhiu, an independent Director. 
Its other members are Mr Andrew N Njoroge and Mr Christopher Flowers. The principal responsibilities of 
the Nomination & Remuneration Committee are set out below: 

Principal responsibilities 

  Review the balance and composition (including gender and diversity) of the Board, ensuring that they 

remain appropriate   

  Be  responsible  for  overseeing 

the  Board’s  succession  planning  requirements  including  the 
identification  and  assessment  of  potential  Board  candidates  and  making  recommendations  to  the 
Board for its approval   

  Keep under review the leadership needs of, and succession planning for, the Group in relation to both 

its executive and non-executive Directors and other senior executives   

  Board performance evaluation and development of Directors  

The  Committee  met  thrice  during  the  year,  as  shown  on  page  21  and  deliberated  on,  amongst  other 
issues: 
  Training needs for the year 2021 noted 
  Board Membership changes 
  The need to review succession planning 

Audit & Risk Committee   

The  Audit  &  Risk  Committee  is  chaired  by  Mr  Daniel  Ndonye,  an  independent  Director.  The  other 
members  of  the  Committee  are  Mr  Stephen  Waruhiu  and  Mr  Andrew  Njoroge.  During  2020,  the 
Committee met twice, as shown below on page 21. 

All  the  members  of  the  Audit  &  Risk  Management  Committee  have  the  relevant  qualifications  and 
expertise in audit, financial management and accounting.  

Principal responsibilities  

  To review and monitor the financial statements of the Group and the audit of those statements  
  To monitor compliance with relevant financial reporting requirements and legislation  
  To monitor the effectiveness and independence of the external auditor  
  To  review  the  efficacy  of  the  Group's  internal  control  system  -  the  Committee  regularly  reviews  the 
effectiveness  of  internal  audit  activities  carried  out  by  the  Group’s  audit  function  and  senior 
management  

  To review significant accounting policies and practices; and, 
  To review non-audit services provided by the external auditors  

During the course of the year, the Committee received, reviewed, monitored, considered, approved and 
guided management and made recommendations to the Board on: 

  Monitoring developments in accounting, financial reporting and taxation relevant to the Group 
  Reviewing  and  making  recommendations  to  the  Board  for  the  adoption  of  the  Group’s half-year and 

annual financial statements  

  Approval of the scope plan and fees for the 2020 external audit 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Audit & Risk Committee (continued) 

  Reviewing the independence and performance of the external auditor  
  Reviewing Internal Audit reports and approval of the 2020 Internal Audit plan  
  Reviewing the External Auditors audit findings report for the year ended 2019 
  Review of Dividend and Press announcements 
  Review of the Group’s Risk Map 

Litigation Committee 

The  Litigation  Committee  is  a  committee  of  the  Board  which  serves  as  a  link  between  the  Board  and 
management to: 

  oversee  the  Company’s  dispute  resolution  mechanisms  and  any  resulting  claims  and  legal 

proceedings; and  

  ensure  implementation  of  the  Operational-Level  Grievance  Mechanism  (OGM)  decisions  by the 

Board.  

The Litigation Committee is chaired by Mr Andrew N Njoroge, an independent Director. Its other member 
is Mr Stephen Waruhiu. The Committee shall develop its own procedures which shall be approved by the 
Board. During 2020, the Committee met once. 

The  Committee  makes  relevant  recommendations  to  the  Board  for  deliberation,  adoption  and 
implementation by management. The Committee has the power to obtain such professional advice as it 
may require from time to time in the discharge of its functions. 

Independent Human Rights Advisory Committee 

The  Board  is  well  advanced  in  establishing  an  Independent  Human  Rights  Advisory  Committee 
(IHRAC) whose role will be to provide independent advice to the Board on matters relating to Human 
Rights and governance structures. 

Board and Directors Evaluation  

The Nomination and Remuneration Committee is responsible for determining the process for evaluating 
Board performance. In line with the provisions of the Code, the Board undertook an inaugural evaluation 
of its performance as an entity in 2019. The evaluation was conducted internally by the Chairman of the 
Board  through  the  coordination  of  the  Company  Secretary.  Each  director  completed  a  detailed 
questionnaire designed to obtain feedback on the Board’s performance in the following areas: 

  Strategic objectives  
  Board composition and structure  
  Board meetings and preparation  
  Board interaction and support 
  Risk management, internal controls and compliance  
  Performance of governance functions; and  
  Performance of the Chairman,  

The  Directors  provided  consistent  and  positive  feedback  on  the  areas  under  review  in  the  board 
evaluation,  and  the  following  matters  were  highlighted  as  being  in  need  of  improvement  or 
implementation: 

17 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Board and Directors Evaluation (continued) 

  Gender balance 
  Formulation of a succession policy 
  Training program for the Directors 
  Interaction with senior management 

The  evaluation  outcome  found  that  the  Board  continues  to  operate  effectively  and  is  well-positioned  to 
address any challenges faced by the Group.  

The next evaluation is scheduled for in 2021. In addition, a formal procedure to conduct the evaluation of 
the individual Board members, Company secretary and Board Committees is being considered.  

Director Access to Management and Independent Advisors  

Directors receive operating and financial reports of the Group and have access to senior management at 
Board and Committee meetings. The Board have the authority to retain, terminate and determine the fees 
and  terms  of  consultants,  legal  counsel  and  other  advisors  to  the  Board  as  the  Board  may  deem 
appropriate in its discretion. The Group has employed the expertise of a Public Relations Consultant to 
work as an intermediary between the public and the Group; and effectively disseminate and communicate 
its mission, policies and goals to the public. 

Board Induction and Continuous Skills Development   

In 2019, the Board held a training which was conducted by the Institute of Certified Public Secretaries of 
Kenya. The topics covered during the training included: Boardroom Behaviours & Procedures and Boards 
of the Future: Looking Beyond Numbers and Corporate Culture and Strategy. 

The following areas were highlighted for future training, which is scheduled to be carried out in 2021;   

  Integrated  reporting as well as Environment, Social and Governance Reporting 
  Diversity and inclusion – The legal and corporate implications for Directors 
  Latest trends in corporate governance policies 

 Code of Conduct & Ethics  

The Group has established a Code of Conduct and Ethics that binds both the Directors and employees. 
The  Group  takes  cognizance  of  the  fact  that  its  operations  are  closely  integrated  with  the  local 
communities  and,  because  the  very  nature  of  agriculture  is  long-term,  it  is  aware  that  it  can  have  an 
impact  on  the  environment.  The  Group  policy  ensures  that  its  activities  meet  and  exceed  the  social, 
economic and environmental expectations of its stakeholders. 

The  Whistleblowing  Policy,  which  is  on  the  Group’s  website,  sets  out  the  Board  of  Directors’, 
managements’  and  staff  members’  commitment  to  upholding  the  highest  levels  of  integrity  and 
observance of the rule of law.  

The  Anti-Bribery  Policy  is  in  place  to  foster  an  environment  that  encourages  ethical  behaviour  and 
compliance,  while  an  internal  committee  is  in  place  that  meets  quarterly  to  monitor  this.  Their  report  is 
tabled in every other Board meeting. 

No unethical issues were reported during the course of the year under review. 

18 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Legal Compliance Audit and Reporting 

The  Group  has  identified  several  local  and  international  laws  and  regulations  and  performs  regular 
compliance  assessment  checks  under  the  various  divisions  of  the  Group.  A  Compliance  Register  that 
identifies  the  areas  of  compliance  and  the  level  of  compliance  by  the  Group  is  presented  to  the  Board 
regularly. 

The  Board  is  considering  conducting  a  comprehensive  and  independent  legal  audit  by  an  external 
consultant in line with the Code’s requirements.  

External Auditors  

To assess the effectiveness of the external audit process, the external auditor is required to report to the 
Audit  &  Risk  Committee  and  confirm  their  independence  in  accordance  with  ethical  standards  and  that 
they had maintained appropriate internal safeguards to ensure their independence and objectivity.  

In addition to the steps taken by the Board to safeguard auditor objectivity, the Committee has reviewed 
the  non-audit  services  provided  by  the  external  auditor  and  satisfied  itself  that  the  scale  and  nature  of 
those services were such that the external auditors’ objectivity and independence were safeguarded. 

The Committee confirms that the Annual Report and Accounts, taken as a whole, are fair, balanced and 
understandable  and  provide  the  information  necessary  for  shareholders  to  assess  the  Group’s 
performance, business model and strategy. 

The External Auditors attended the two meetings of the Audit and Risk Committee, one to present their 
2019 Audit findings report and the second one to present their audit service plan for the year ended 31 
December 2020. 

Internal Control and Risk Management Systems  

The Directors acknowledge that they are responsible for maintaining a sound system of internal control. 
During the  year,  the  Audit &  Risk Committee, on behalf of the Board, reviewed the effectiveness of the 
framework of the Group’s system of internal control.  

Accountability  and  delegation  of  authority  are  clearly  defined  with  regular  communication  between  the 
Board and management.   

The Group has an Internal Audit Department, which is an independent function that reports directly to the 
Board  Audit  &  Risk  Committee  and  provides  independent  confirmation  on  compliance  with  the  Group's 
business standards, policies and procedures. Where found necessary, corrective action is recommended.   

The performance of each division is continually monitored centrally, including a critical review of annual 
budgets, forecasts and monthly sales, profits and cash reports. 

Financial results and key business statistics and variances from approved plans are carefully monitored.  

The Risk Management Policies, which are reviewed by the Committee, are detailed on Note 4. 

Relationship with Shareholders and other Stakeholders  

The  Group  is  committed  to  equitable  treatment  of  its  shareholders,  including  the  non-controlling  and 
foreign shareholders.  The Group  ensures that all shareholders receive full and timely information about 
its performance. This is achieved through the distribution of a half-yearly interim financial report and the 
Annual  Report  and  financial  statements  as  well  as  through  compliance  with  the  relevant  continuing 
obligations under the Capital Markets Authority Act. The Group's results are advertised in the press and 
released to the securities exchanges within the prescribed period at each half-year and year-end. 

19 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

The published results and related investor information together with all the relevant information relating to 
the Group is available on the Group’s website, www.kakuzi.co.ke/investor-relations/regulatory-news.   

The Group has engaged the services of a registrar, Custody & Registrar Services, who together with the 
Finance Director, regularly address issues raised by the shareholders.   

A standalone policy on stakeholder relations is currently under consideration together with stakeholders 
mapping in order to enhance the Groups’ relationship with its Stakeholders as per the recommendations 
made during the governance audit. 

Going Concern  

The  Board  confirms  the  financial  statements  are  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis,  and  the  Directors 
are satisfied that the Group has adequate resources to continue in business for the foreseeable future. In 
making  this  assessment,  the  Directors  have  considered  a  wide  range  of  information  relating  to  present 
and  future  conditions,  including  future  projections  of  profitability,  cash  flows  and  capital  resources.  For 
this reason, it continues to adopt the going concern basis when preparing the financial statements.  

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD 

K R SHAH   
18 March 2021   

C J FLOWERS 
18 March 2021 

20 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Statement on Corporate Governance (continued) 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

2020 BOARD & BOARD COMMITTEES MEMBERSHIP AND ATTENDANCE   

Director 

Classification 

Designation 

Board 

Audit & 
Risk 

Nomination & 
Remuneration 

Litigation 

Mr  
Nicholas 
Ng’ang’a 

Non-Executive  Chairman  of  the 

Board 

Membership 

 

 
Upto 31st 
Oct 2020 

 

Upto 24th Nov 
2020 

Attendance 

5/5 

2/2 

Mr 
Christopher 
Flowers 
Mr Graham 
Mclean 

Executive 

Managing 
Director 

Non-Executive 

Mr Daniel 
Ndonye 

Non-Executive  Chairman  of  the 
Audit  and  Risk 
Committee 

Mr Stephen 
Waruhiu 

Non-Executive  Chairman  of  the 
& 

Nomination 
Remuneration 
Committee 

Membership 

Attendance 

Membership 

Attendance 

Membership 

Attendance 

Membership 

Attendance 

Mr Andrew 
Njoroge 

Dr John K 
Kimani 

Mr Ketan 
Shah 

Non-Executive  Chairman  of  the 

Membership 

Non-Executive 

Executive 

Litigation 
Committee 

Attendance 

Membership 
Attendance 
Finance Director  Membership 

2/2 

2/2 

 

2/2 

 

2/2 

 

2/2 

 

5/5 

 

5/5 

 

5/5 

 

5/5 

 

5/5 

 
1/1 
 

3/3 

 

3/3 

 

Upto 24th Nov 
2020 

3/3 

 

Upto 24th Nov 
2020 

3/3 

 

3/3 

 

3/3 

 

1/1 

 

1/1 

 

Upto 24th Nov 
2020 

Attendance 

5/5 

2/2 

3/3 

  Member of the respective committee 

  Where a Director has missed a Board or Board Committee meeting, an acceptable apology had 

 

been received by the Chairman well in advance of the scheduled meeting.  
The Managing Director and Finance Director are not members of the Audit & Risk Committee 
but attend by invitation. 

21 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Directors’ Remuneration Report 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

This report is drawn up in accordance with the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015. 

Nomination & Remuneration Committee 

Details of the Nomination and Remuneration Committee are set out on page 16.  

Policy on Directors Remuneration 

The details agreed by the Nomination & Remuneration Committee are as follows:- 

 

To seek to provide remuneration packages that will attract, retain and motivate the right people for 
the roles 

  So far as is practicable, to align the interests of the Executives with those of shareholders 

Service Contracts 

The Managing Director and the Finance Director are the only Executive Directors of the Company. They 
have service contracts with fellow subsidiary companies within the Parent company, Camellia Plc Group, 
on rolling service contract basis.  

Following the initial appointments, non-executive Directors and the Finance Director may seek re-election 
by shareholders on a rotational basis in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association at Annual 
General Meetings. Non-executive Directors do not have service agreements. 

Directors’ Remuneration 

The following section has been audited: 

The Executive Directors’ remuneration (including value of benefits in kind) charged to the Company and 
included in the Related Party transactions (Note 27 (ii)) is as follows:- 

  Managing Director (Mr C J Flowers) 
Finance Director (Mr K R Shah) 

2020
Shs’000 

2019
Shs’000

11,535
17,049
28,584

10,654
15,673
26,327

Directors’ fees are payable after the occurrence of the Board Meetings. The Directors do not receive any 
performance based remuneration. No pension contributions are payable on their fees. 

Non-Executive 
  Mr G H Mclean 
  Mr K W Tarplee 
  Mr N Ng’ang’a 
  Mr D M Ndonye 
  Mr S N Waruhiu 
  Mr A N Njoroge 
  Mr J K Kimani 

2020
Directors’
Fees

2019
Directors’
Fees
Shs’000  Shs’000 

2020
Benefits in 
kind
Shs’000

2019
Benefits in 
kind
Shs’000 

2020

2019

Total
Shs’000  

Total
Shs’000

2,068
-
2,767
2,052
2,020
2,353
269
11,529

1,535
1,000
1,680
1,695
1,665
1,665
-
9,240

-
25
89
89
89
89
7
388

-
94
94
93
93
93
-
467

2,068
25
2,856
2,141
2,109
2,442
276
11,917

1,535
1,094
1,774
1,788
1,758
1,758
-
9,707

BY ORDER OF THE BOARD 

K R SHAH   
18 March 2021 

C J FLOWERS 
 18 March 2021 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
    
 
 
Deloitte● 

Independent auditors’ report  
To the shareholders of Kakuzi Plc 

Deloitte & Touche 
Certified Public Accountants (Kenya) 
Deloitte Place 
Waiyaki Way, Muthangari 
P.O. Box 40092 ‐ GPO 00100 
Nairobi 
Kenya 

Tel: 
(+254 20) 423 0000 
Cell:  (+254 20) 0719 039 000 
Dropping Zone No. 92 
Email: admin@deloitte.co.ke 
www.deloitte.com 

Report on the audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements  

Our Opinion 
Our Opinion 

We have audited the consolidated and separate financial statements of Kakuzi Plc (“the Group”) set out 
on  pages  27  to  79,  which  comprise  the  consolidated  and  separate  statements  of  financial  position  at 
31 December  2020  and  the  consolidated  and  separate  statements  of  profit  or  loss  and  other 
comprehensive  income,  consolidated  and  separate  statements  of  changes  in  equity  and  consolidated 
and  separate  statement  of  cash  flows  for  the  year  then  ended,  and  notes,  including  a  summary  of 
significant accounting policies.  

In  our  opinion,  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  give  a  true  and  fair  view  of  financial 
position of the Group and the Company as at 31 December 2020 and of their financial performance and 
cash  flows  for  the  year  then  ended  in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and 
the requirements of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015. 

Basis for Opinion  

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  International  Standards  on  Auditing  (ISAs).  Our 
responsibilities  under  those  standards  are  further  described  in  the  Auditor’s  responsibilities  for  Audit  of 
the consolidated and separate Financial Statements section of our report.  

We  are  independent  of  the  Group  and  Company  in  accordance  with  the  International  Ethics  Standards 
Board  for  Accountants’  Code  of  Ethics  for  Professional  Accountants  (IESBA  Code)  together  with  other 
ethical  requirements  that  are  relevant  to  our  audit  of  the  financial  statements  in  Kenya,  and  we  have 
fulfilled our ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the IESBA Code. 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for 
our opinion.  

Key Audit Matter  

A key audit matter is a matter that, in our professional judgement, was of most significance in our audit of 
the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  of  the  current  period.  The  matter  was  addressed  in 
the context of our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements as a whole, and in forming 
our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on the matter. 
Opinion 
Basis for  

Partners: D.M. Mbogho  A.N. Muraya  F.O. Aloo  J Nyang’aya  B.W. Irungu  I.Karim  F Okwiri  F.O. Omondi  F Mitambo  P. Seroney  D. Waweru  C. Luo 
Associate of Deloitte Africa, a Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited 

23 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report  
To the shareholders of Kakuzi Plc (continued) 

Report on the audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements (continued) 

Key Audit Matter  
Measurement of biological assets (in the 
consolidated and separate financial 
statements) 

The  measurement  of  biological  assets  at  the 
end of year involves significant judgements and 
estimates  by  the  Directors,  which  could  have 
material impact on the financial position and the 
results of the Group and the Company.  

At  the  end  of  year,  the  carrying  value  of  the 
biological assets amounted to Sh 1,092,933,000 
(2019:  Sh  933,355,000)  as  disclosed  in  Note  6 
in 
financial 
statements. 

the  consolidated  and  separate 

the 

As  discussed 
financial 
in  Note  6  of 
statements,  biological  assets  comprise  forestry 
plantations,  livestock  and  growing  agricultural 
produce  on  bearer  plants,  which  are  measured 
at  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell.  The  fair  value 
models  accrue  the  additional  value  related  to 
the biological asset as biological transformation 
takes place rather than at the time of harvest.  

As  disclosed  in  Note  3  (a)  to  the  consolidated 
and  separate  financial  statements,  the  key 
assumptions  and  estimates  include  expected 
yield, future market prices, costs to sell and the 
age  and  condition  of 
the  assets.  The 
these  assumptions  and 
determination  of 
estimates  require  careful 
the 
Directors  and  any  uncertainty  could  lead  to 
material  adjustments  to  the  consolidated  and 
separate financial statements. 

judgment  by 

Refer to Note 2 (h) for the accounting policy on 
biological  assets;  Note  3  (a)  for  the  significant 
estimates used in determining the fair values of 
biological assets; and Note 6, for the disclosure 
on biological assets.  

How Our Audit Addressed the Key Audit Matter 
We focused our attention on the significant assumptions, 
estimates  and  key  judgments  made  by  Directors  and 
Group’s  management  experts  by  performing 
the 
following: 

We  assessed  the  competence  and  objectivity  of  the 
Group's  management  experts  with  the  responsibility  of 
determining  the  valuation  of  the  biological  assets.  In 
addition,  we  discussed  the  scope  of  their  work  and 
reviewed  the  fair  valuation  models  used  for  consistency 
and  mathematical  accuracy.  We  confirmed  that  the 
approach and model used has been consistently applied. 

We performed an analysis of the significant assumptions 
made  in  the  valuation  models  and  tested  them  against 
available  market  information.  We  subjected  the  key 
assumptions to sensitivity analysis. 

We  assessed  the  reasonableness  of  the  assumptions 
used  in  deriving  the  expected  yield,  the  future  market 
prices and cost to sell. 

In  addition,  we  tested  a  selection  of  data  inputs  used 
against  Directors’  financial  and  operational  information 
and  external  sources,  to  assess  the  accuracy,  reliability 
and completeness thereof. 

We  checked  the  consistency  of  application  of  the  fair 
value approaches and models over the years.  

We  evaluated  the  sufficiency  and  accuracy  of  the 
disclosures in the notes of the consolidated and separate 
financial statements. 

We  also  validated  the  underlying  data  in  respect  of 
forestry  acreage  and  age  of  plantations  used  by  the 
valuer 
independent 
the  Directors’  operational 
information, including comparison with historical trends.  

to 

We  found  that  the  models  used  for  the  valuation  of  the 
biological  assets  to  be  appropriate  and  reasonable.  In 
addition, the disclosures in the consolidated and separate 
financial  statements  pertaining  to  the  valuation  and 
measurement  of  biological  assets  were  found  to  be 
appropriate. 

Other information (continued) 
Other information  

The Directors are responsible for the other information which comprises the Company Information, Notice 
of  the  Annual  General  Meeting,  Chairman’s  Statement,  Report  of  the  Directors,  Statement  of  Directors’ 
Responsibilities, Statement on Corporate Governance, Directors’ Remuneration Report, five year record 
and  major  shareholders  and  distribution  schedule  which  we  obtained  prior  to  the  date  of  this  auditor’s 
report  and  the  Annual  Report,  which  is  expected  to  be  made  available  to  us  after  that  date.  The  other 
information does not include the consolidated and separate financial statements, and our auditor’s report 
thereon. 

Our opinion on the consolidated and separate financial statements does not cover the other information 
and we do not express an audit opinion or any form of assurance conclusion thereon.  

pages 27 to 80, which comprise the consolidated and separate statements of financial position at 31 De 

24 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In connection with our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements, our responsibility is to 
read  the  other  information  and,  in  doing  so,  consider  whether  the  other  information  is  materially 
inconsistent  with  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the 
audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If, based on the work we have performed on the 
her  information  that  we  obtained  prior  to  the  date  of  this  auditor’s  report,  we  conclude  that  there  is  a 
Independent auditors’ report  
To the shareholders of Kakuzi Plc (continued) 

Report on the audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements (continued) 
In our opinion, the consolidated and separate financial statements give a true and fair view of financial p  
Other information (continued) 

In connection with our audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements, our responsibility is to 
read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent 
with  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  or  our  knowledge  obtained  in  the  audit,  or 
otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If,  based  on  the  work  we  have  performed  on  the  other 
information that we obtained prior to the date of this auditor’s report, we conclude that there is a material 
misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  We have nothing to report in this 
regard.IN 
DEPE 
Responsibilities of the Directors and those charged with governance for the consolidated and 
separate financial statements 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  the  preparation  and  fair  presentation  of  the  consolidated  and  separate 
financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and the requirements 
of the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015, and for such internal control as the Directors determine are necessary 
to  enable  the  preparation  of  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  that  are  free  from  material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

In  preparing  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are  responsible  for 
assessing  the  Group’s  and  Company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going  concern,  disclosing,  as  applicable, 
matters  related  to  going  concern  and  using  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  unless  the  Directors 
either intend to liquidate the Group and/or Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative 
but to do so. 

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated and separate financial 
statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an 
auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a 
guarantee  that  an  audit  conducted  in  accordance  with  ISAs  will  always  detect  a  material  misstatement 
when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in 
the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on 
the basis of these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional 
scepticism throughout the audit. We also: 

 

Identify  and  assess  the  risks  of  material  misstatement  of  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial 
statements,  whether  due  to  fraud  or  error,  design  and  perform  audit  procedures  responsive  to  those 
risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The 
risk  of  not  detecting  a  material  misstatement  resulting  from  fraud  is  higher  than  for  one  resulting  from 
error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override 
of internal control.  

  Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that 
are  appropriate  in  the  circumstances,  but  not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the 
effectiveness of the Group’s and the Company’s internal control.  

  Evaluate  the  appropriateness  of  accounting  policies  used  and  the  reasonableness  of  accounting 

estimates and related disclosures made by the Directors. 

Os 

25 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Independent auditors’ report  
To the shareholders of Kakuzi Plc (continued) 

Report on the audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements (continued) 

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the consolidated and separate financial statements 
(continued) 

  Conclude  on  the  appropriateness  of  the  Directors'  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  and 
based  on  the  audit  evidence  obtained,  whether  a  material  uncertainty  exists  related  to  events  or 
conditions  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group  and  company’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern.  If  we  conclude  that  a  material  uncertainty  exists,  we  are  required  to  draw  attention  in  our 
auditor's  report  to  the  related  disclosures  in  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  or,  if 
such  disclosures  are  inadequate,  to  modify  our  opinion.  Our  conclusions  are  based  on  the  audit 
evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause 
the Group and/or company to cease to continue as going concerns. 

  Evaluate  the  overall  presentation,  structure  and  content  of  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial 
statements,  including  the  disclosures  and  whether  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements 
represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

  Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business 
activities  within  the  Group  to  express  an  opinion  on  the  consolidated  financial  statements.  We  are 
responsible  for  the  direction,  supervision  and  performance  of  the  group  audit.  We  remain  solely 
responsible for our audit opinion.  

We communicate with the Board Audit and Risk Committee regarding, among other matters, the planned 
scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings including any significant deficiencies in internal 
control that we identify during our audit. 

We  also  provide  the  Board  Audit  and  Risk  Committee  with  a  statement  that  we  have  complied  with  the 
relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and 
other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards.  

From  the  matters  communicated  with  the  Board  Audit  and  Risk  Committee,  we  determine  those  matters 
that  were  of  most  significance  in  the  audit  of  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  of  the 
current  period  and  are  therefore  the  key  audit  matters.  We  describe  these  matters  in  our  auditor’s  report 
unless  law  or  regulation  precludes  public  disclosure  about  the  matter  or  when,  in  extremely  rare 
circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse 
consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such 
communication.  

Report on other matters prescribed by the Kenya Companies Act, 2015 

Report of the Directors 

In our opinion the information given in the Report of the Directors on pages 9 to 10 is consistent with the 
consolidated and separate financial statements. 

Directors’ Remuneration Report 

In  our  opinion  the  auditable  part  of  the  Director’s  Remuneration  report  on  page  22  has  been  prepared in 
accordance with the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015. 

Certified Public Accountants (Kenya) 

Nairobi, Kenya  

18 March 2021 

FCPA Anne Muraya, Practising certificate No. 1697. 
Signing partner responsible for the independent audit 

26 

 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc  
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Consolidated and Separate statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive 
income 

  Year ended 31 December 

Notes 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

Sales 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less costs to sell of  
non-current biological assets 

5 

3,608,941 

2,888,662 

6(i) 

57,813 

83,414

Cost of sales 

Gross profit 

Other income 
Selling and Distribution costs 

Operating profit 

Interest and other income 
Finance costs 

Profit before income tax  

Income tax expense 

Profit for the year 

Other comprehensive income 

3,666,754 
(2,144,454) 

2,972,076 
(1,556,400) 

1,522,300 

1,415,676 

7 

31,554 
(851,348) 

20,576 
(531,280) 

702,506 

904,972 

145,059 
(33) 

117,021 
(7,516) 

847,532 

1,014,477 

8 
8 

5 

11(a) 

(225,498) 

(301,038) 

622,034

713,439 

Items that are not reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:  
Remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations (net of tax) 

11(c) 

490 

11,810 

Total comprehensive income for the year 

622,524

725,249

Earnings per share (Shs): 

Basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share 

12 

31.74 

36.40 

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements.  

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
As at 31 December 2020 

Consolidated statement of financial position 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Other reserves 
Retained earnings 
Proposed dividend 

Total equity 

Non current liabilities 
Deferred income tax  
Post employment benefit obligations 
Lease obligations 

Total equity and non current liabilities 

Non current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Biological assets 
Right of use assets 
Financial assets held at amortised cost 
Non current receivables 

Current assets 
Biological assets – growing agricultural produce 
Inventories  
Receivables and prepayments 
Current tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current liabilities 
Payables and accrued expenses  
Current tax payable 
Lease obligations 
Post employment benefit obligations 

Notes 

13 

12(ii) 

15 
16 
17 

18 
6(i) 
19 
21 
23 

6(ii) 
22 
23 
11(d) 
25 

24 
11(d) 
17 
16 

31 December  
2020  
Shs’000  

31 December  
2019  
Shs’000  

98,000 
31,953  
5,083,696  
352,800  

98,000   
31,463  
4,814,462  
274,400  

5,566,449  

5,218,325   

1,003,743  
76,354  
373  

1,080,470  

932,166  
74,500  
381  

1,007,047  

6,646,919  

6,225,372  

3,021,989  
728,163  
4,335  
200,000  
35,555  

3,990,042  

364,770  
435,016  
427,200  
19,664  
1,670,124  

2,916,774  

226,607  
-  
59  
33,231  

259,897  

2,913,234  
715,376  
4,781  
200,000  
34,624  

3,868,015  

219,979  
401,693  
275,218  
-  
1,696,130  

2,593,020  

181,711  
35,355  
31  
18,566  

235,663  

Net current assets 

2,656,877  

2,357,357  

6,646,919  

6,225,372  

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

The  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  on  pages  27  to 79 were approved for issue by the 
board of Directors on 18 March 2021 and signed on its behalf by:  

K R SHAH 
DIRECTOR  

C J FLOWERS 
DIRECTOR 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
   
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
As at 31 December 2020 

Separate statement of financial position 

EQUITY 
Share capital 
Other reserves 
Retained earnings 
Proposed dividend 

Total equity 

Non current liabilities 
Deferred income tax  
Post employment benefit obligations 
Lease obligations 

Total equity and non current liabilities 

Non current assets 
Property, plant and equipment 
Biological assets 
Right of use assets 
Investment in subsidiaries 
Financial assets held at amortised cost 
Non current receivables 

Current assets 
Biological assets – growing agricultural produce 
Inventories  
Receivables and prepayments 
Current tax recoverable 
Cash and cash equivalents 

Current liabilities 
Payables and accrued expenses  
Current tax payable 
Lease obligations 
Post employment benefit obligations 

Notes 

13 

12(ii) 

15 
16 
17 

18 
6(i) 
19 
20 
21 
23 

6(ii) 
22 
23 
11(d) 
25 

24 
11(d) 
17 
16 

31 December  
2020  
Shs’000  

31 December  
2019  
Shs’000  

98,000 
31,953  
5,079,555  
352,800  

98,000   
31,463  
4,810,321  
274,400  

5,562,308  

5,214,184   

1,003,743  
76,354  
373  

1,080,470  

932,166  
74,500  
381  

1,007,047  

6,642,778  

6,221,231  

3,021,989  
728,163  
4,335  
4,295  
200,000  
35,555  

3,994,337  

364,770  
435,016  
427,200  
19,611  
1,670,124  

2,916,721  

234,990  
-  
59  
33,231  

268,280  

2,913,234  
715,376  
4,781  
4,295  
200,000  
34,624  

3,872,310  

219,979  
401,693  
275,218  
-  
1,696,130  

2,593,020  

190,094  
35,408  
31  
18,566  

244,099  

Net current assets 

2,648,441  

2,348,921  

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

The  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  on  pages  27  to 79 were approved for issue by the 
board of Directors on 18 March 2021 and signed on its behalf by: 

6,642,778  

6,221,231  

K R SHAH 
DIRECTOR  

C J FLOWERS 
DIRECTOR

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
          
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity 

Year ended 31 December 2020 

Share
capital
 Shs’000

Other 
reserves
Shs’000

  Retained 
earnings
Shs’000 

  Proposed 
dividend
   Shs’000  

Total 
equity
Shs’000 

At start of year 

98,000

31,463

4,814,462

274,400

5,218,325 

Total comprehensive income for the year: 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income 

Total 

Transactions with owners: 

Dividends: 
- Final for 2019  
- Proposed for 2020  

Total 

At end of year 

Year ended 31 December 2019 

-
-

-

-
-

-

-
490

490

622,034
-

622,034

-
-

-

622,034 
490 

622,524

-
-

- 

-

(352,800) 

(274,400) 
352,800

(274,400) 

-

(352,800) 

78,400 

(274,400) 

98,000

31,953

5,083,696

352,800

5,566,449

At start of year 

98,000

19,653

4,375,423

176,400

4,669,476 

Total comprehensive income for the year: 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income 

Total 

Transactions with owners: 

Dividends: 
- Final for 2018  
- Proposed for 2019  

Total 

At end of year 

-
-

-

-
-

-

-
11,810

713,439
-

11,810

713,439

-
-

-

713,439 
11,810 

725,249

-
-

- 

-

(274,400) 

(176,400) 
274,400

(176,400) 

-

(274,400) 

98,000 

(176,400) 

98,000

31,463

4,814,462

274,400

5,218,325

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

Other reserves relate to remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations arising from experience 
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions. 

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Separate statement of changes in equity 

Year ended 31 December 2020 

Share
capital
 Shs’000

Other 
reserves
Shs’000

  Retained 
earnings
Shs’000 

  Proposed 
dividend
   Shs’000  

Total 
equity 
Shs’000   

At start of year 

98,000

31,463

4,810,321

274,400

5,214,184 

Total comprehensive income for the 
year: 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income 

Total 

Transactions with owners: 

Dividends: 
- Final for 2019  
- Proposed for 2020  

Total 

At end of year 

Year ended 31 December 2019 

-
-

-

-
-

-

-
490

622,034
-

490

622,034

-
-

-

622,034 
490 

622,524

-
-

- 

-

(352,800) 

(274,400) 
352,800

(274,400) 
- 

(352,800) 

78,400 

(274,400) 

98,000

31,953

5,079,555

352,800

5,562,308 

At start of year 

98,000

19,653

4,371,282

176,400

4,665,335 

Total comprehensive income for the 
year: 

Profit for the year 
Other comprehensive income 

Total 

Transactions with owners: 

Dividends: 
- Final for 2018  
- Proposed for 2019  

Total 

At end of year 

-
-

-

-
-

-

-
11,810

713,439
-

11,810

713,439

-
-

-

713,439 
11,810 

725,249

-
-

- 

-

(274,400) 

(176,400) 
274,400

(176,400) 
- 

(274,400) 

98,000 

(176,400) 

98,000

31,463

4,810,321

274,400

5,214,184 

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

Other reserves relate to remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations arising from experience 
adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions. 

31 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020 

Consolidated and separate statement of cash flows 

Operating activities 
Cash generated from operations 
Interest received  
Income tax paid 

Notes 

Year ended 31 December  
2019  
Shs’000  

2020  
Shs’000  

26 
8 
11(d) 

670,704  
79,701  
(209,150 ) 

739,111  
117,021  
(70,554 ) 

Net cash generated from operating activities 

541,255  

785,578  

Investing activities 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment 
Purchase of biological assets and development 
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Proceeds from redemption of financial assets held at 
amortised cost 

18 
6(i) 

21 

(348,979 ) 
(17,439 ) 
8,212  

(409,466 ) 
(18,727 ) 
6,308  

- 

15,385 

Net cash used in investing activities 

(358,206 ) 

(406,500 ) 

Financing activities 
Dividend paid  
Lease payments 

12(ii) 
17 

(274,400 ) 
(13 ) 

(176,400 ) 
-  

Net cash used in financing activities 

(274,413 ) 

(176,400 ) 

Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 

(91,364 ) 

202,678  

Movement in cash and cash equivalents 
At start of year  
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents 
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash 
equivalents 

1,696,130  
(91,364 ) 

1,500,935  
202,678  

8 

65,358 

) 
(7,483 

At end of year 

25 

1,670,124  

1,696,130  

The notes on pages 33 to 79 are an integral part of these consolidated and separate financial statements.

32 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes to the Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 

1  General information 

Kakuzi Plc is incorporated in Kenya under the Kenyan Companies Act, 2015 as a public limited liability 
company, and is domiciled in Kenya. The address of its registered office is:   

Main Office 
Punda Milia Road, Makuyu 
P O Box 24 
01000 THIKA 
Kenya 

The Company’s ordinary shares are listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange and the London Stock 
Exchange. 

For  Kenyan  Companies  Act,  2015  reporting  purposes,  the  balance  sheet  is  represented  by  the 
statement  of  financial  position  and  the  profit  or  loss  by  the  statement  of  profit  or  loss  and  other 
comprehensive income, in these consolidated and separate financial statements. 

Reference to, “the Group,” in the consolidated and separate financial statements covers the separate 
Company financial statements as well. The principal activities of the Group comprise: 

  growing, packing and selling of avocados  
  growing, cracking and selling of macadamia nuts  
the cultivation and sale of Tea green leaf  
 
 
forestry development & sale of forestry products 
  Livestock farming, animal feed and sale of beef 
  Growing, packing and selling of blueberries 

2   Accounting policies 

The  principal  accounting  policies  applied  in  the  preparation  of  these  consolidated  and  separate 
financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years 
presented, unless otherwise stated. 

(a) Statement of compliance 

The  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  (IFRS).  The  measurement  basis  applied  is  the  historical 
cost  basis,  except  where  otherwise  stated  in  the  accounting  policies  below.  The  consolidated  and 
separate  financial  statements  are  presented  in  Kenya  Shillings  (Shs),  rounded  to  the  nearest 
thousand. 

The preparation of the consolidated and separate financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires 
the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires the Directors to exercise judgement in 
the  process  of  applying  the  Group’s  accounting  policies.  The  areas  involving  a  higher  degree  of 
judgement or complexity, or where assumptions and estimates are significant to the consolidated and 
separate financial statements, are disclosed in Note 3. 

(b)  Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) 

(i) 

Relevant  new  standards  and  amendments  to  published  standards  effective  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2020 

Several  new  and  revised  standards  and  interpretations  became  effective  during  the  year.  The 
Directors  have  evaluated  the  impact  of  their  new  standards  and  interpretations  and  none  of 
them had a significant impact on the Group’s financial statements. 

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2 

 Accounting policies (continued) 

(b)  Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (continued) 

(i)       Relevant  new  standards  and  amendments  to  published  standards  effective  for  the  year 

ended 31 December 2020 (continued) 

The following revised IFRSs were effective in the current year and the nature and the impact of 
the relevant amendments are described below. 

Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions Amendment to IFRS 16 

In  May  2020,  the  IASB  issued  Covid-19-Related  Rent  Concessions  (Amendment  to  IFRS  16) 
that provides practical relief to lessees in accounting for rent concessions occurring as a direct 
consequence  of  COVID-19,  by  introducing  a  practical  expedient  to  IFRS  16.  The  practical 
expedient permits a lessee to elect not to assess whether a COVID-19-related rent concession 
is a lease modification. A lessee that makes this election shall account for any change in lease 
payments resulting from the COVID-19-related rent concession the same way it would account 
for the change applying IFRS 16 if the change were not a lease modification. 

The practical expedient applies only to rent concessions occurring as a direct consequence of 
COVID-19 and only if all of the following conditions are met: 

a)  The  change  in  lease  payments  results  in  revised  consideration  for  the  lease  that  is 
substantially  the  same  as,  or  less  than,  the  consideration  for  the  lease  immediately 
preceding the change;  

b) 

 Any reduction in lease payments affects only payments originally due on or before 30 June 
2021 (a rent concession meets this condition if it results in reduced lease payments on or 
before  30  June  2021  and  increased  lease  payments  that  extend  beyond  30  June  2021); 
and 

c) 

 There is no substantive change to other terms and conditions of the lease 

In  the  current financial year, the Group has not applied the practical expedient included in the 
amendment to IFRS 16 (as issued by the IASB in May 2020). There were no Covid-19 related 
rent concessions in the current year and therefore the Group has not applied the amendments.  

Amendments to References to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards 

The  Group  has  adopted  the  amendments  included  in  Amendments  to  References  to  the 
Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards for the first time in the current year. The amendments 
include  consequential  amendments  to  affected  Standards  so  that  they  refer  to  the  new 
Framework.  Not  all  amendments,  however,  update  those  pronouncements  with  regard  to 
references  to  and  quotes  from  the  Framework  so  that  they  refer  to  the  revised  Conceptual 
Framework.  Some  pronouncements  are  only  updated  to  indicate  which  version  of  the 
Framework  they  are  referencing  to  (the  IASC  Framework  adopted  by  the  IASB  in  2001,  the 
IASB Framework of 2010, or the new revised Framework of 
2018)  or  to  indicate  that  definitions  in  the  Standard  have  not  been  updated  with  the  new 
definitions developed in the revised Conceptual Framework.  

The Standards which are amended are IFRS 2, IFRS 3, IFRS 6, IFRS 14, IAS 1, IAS 8, IAS 34, 
IAS  37,  IAS  38,  IFRIC  12,  IFRIC  19,  IFRIC  20,  IFRIC  22,  and  SIC-32.  The  adoption  of  the 
amendments has not had any material impact on the disclosures or on the amounts reported in 
these financial statements. 

34 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(b)  Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (continued) 

(i) 

Relevant  new  standards  and  amendments  to  published  standards  effective  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2020 (continued) 

Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 Definition of material 

The Group has adopted the amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8 for the first time in the current year. 
The  amendments  make  the  definition  of  material  in  IAS  1  easier  to  understand  and  are  not 
intended  to  alter  the  underlying  concept  of  materiality  in  IFRS  Standards.  The  concept  of 
'obscuring' material information with immaterial information has been included as part of the new 
definition.  

The threshold for materiality influencing users has been changed from 'could   influence'  to  'could 
reasonably be expected to influence'. The definition of material in IAS 8 has been replaced by a 
reference  to  the  definition  of  material  in  IAS  1.  In  addition,  the  IASB  amended  other  Standards 
and the Conceptual Framework that contain a definition of 'material' or refer to the term ‘material’ 
to ensure consistency. 

The  adoption  of  the  amendments  has  not  had  any  material  impact  on the disclosures or on the 
amounts reported in these financial statements. 

(ii) 

Impact of new and amended standards and interpretations in issue but not yet effective  

At  the  date  of  authorization  of  these  financial  statements,  the  Group  has  not  yet  applied  the 
following new and revised IFRS Standards that have been issued but are not yet effective.  

IFRS 17  
IFRS 10 and IAS 28 (amendments)  

Amendments to IAS 1  

Amendments to IFRS 3  
Amendments to IAS 16  

Amendments to IAS 37  
Annual  Improvements  to  IFRS  Standards 
2018 – 2020 Cycle  

Insurance Contracts 
Sale  or  Contribution  of  Assets  between  an 
Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture 
Classification  of  Liabilities  as  Current  or  Non-
current 
Reference to Conceptual Framework 
Property,  Plant  and  Equipment  –  Proceeds 
before Intended Use 
Onerous Contracts – Cost of Fulfilling a Contract 
Amendments  to  IFRS  1  First-time  Adoption  of 
International Financial Reporting 
Standards,  IFRS  9  Financial  Instruments,  IFRS 
16 Leases, and IAS 41 Agriculture 

The directors do not expect that the adoption of the Standards listed above will have a material 
impact on the financial statements of the Group in future periods, except as noted below: 

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 – Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor 
and its Associate or Joint Venture 

The amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28 deal with situations where there is a sale or contribution 
of  assets  between  an  investor  and  its  associate  or  joint  venture.  Specifically,  the  amendments 
state that gains or losses resulting from the loss of control of a subsidiary that does not contain a 
business in a transaction with an associate or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity 
method, are recognised in the parent’s profit or loss only to the extent of the unrelated investors’ 
interests  in  that  associate  or  joint  venture.  Similarly,  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  the 
remeasurement of investments retained in any former subsidiary (that has become an associate 
or a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method) to fair value are recognised in the 
former  parent’s  profit  or  loss  only  to  the  extent  of  the  unrelated  investors’  interests  in  the  new 
associate or joint venture. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(b)  Adoption of new and revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) (continued) 

(ii) 

Impact  of  new  and  amended  standards  and  interpretations  in  issue  but  not  yet  effective 
(continued)  

The effective date of the amendments has yet to be set by the Board; however, earlier application 
of  the  amendments  is  permitted.  The  directors  of  the  Group  anticipate  that  the  application  of 
these  amendments  may  have  an  impact  on  the  Group's  consolidated  financial  statements  in 
future periods should such transactions arise. 

Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020 

The Annual Improvements include amendments to four Standards. 

IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards 

The amendment provides additional relief to a subsidiary which becomes a first-time adopter later 
than its parent in respect of accounting for cumulative translation differences. As a result of the 
amendment,  a  subsidiary  that  uses  the  exemption  in  IFRS  1:D16(a)  can  now  also  elect  to 
measure cumulative translation differences for all foreign operations at the carrying amount that 
would be included in the parent’s consolidated financial statements, based on the parent’s date of 
transition to IFRS Standards, if no adjustments were made for consolidation procedures and for 
the  effects  of  the  business  combination  in  which  the  parent  acquired  the  subsidiary.  A  similar 
election is available to an associate or joint venture that uses the exemption in IFRS 1:D16(a). 
The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022, with early 
application permitted. 

IFRS 16 Leases 
The amendment removes the illustration of the reimbursement of leasehold improvements. 
As the amendment to IFRS 16 only regards an illustrative example, no effective date is stated. 

IAS 41 Agriculture 
The amendment removes the requirement in IAS 41 for entities to exclude cash flows for taxation 
when  measuring  fair  value.  This  aligns  the  fair  value  measurement  in  IAS  41  with  the 
requirements  of  IFRS  13  Fair  Value  Measurement  to  use  internally  consistent  cash  flows  and 
discount rates and enables preparers to determine whether to use pretax or post-tax cash flows 
and discount rates for the most appropriate fair value measurement. 
The amendment is applied prospectively, i.e. for fair value measurements on or after the date an 
entity initially applies the amendment. 
The amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022, with early 
application permitted. 

(iii)  Early adoption of standards 

The Group did not early-adopt any new or amended standards in the year ended 31 December 
2020. 

(c)  Consolidation of subsidiaries 

Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and 
its subsidiaries. Control is achieved when the Company: 

 
 
 

has power over the investee; 
is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and 
has the ability to use its power to affect its returns. 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(c)  Consolidation of subsidiaries 

Basis of consolidation 

The  Company  reassesses  whether  or  not  it  controls  an  investee  if  facts  and  circumstances 
indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control listed above. 

When  the  Company  has  less  than  a  majority  of  the  voting  rights  of  an  investee,  it  has  power 
over the investee when the voting rights are sufficient to give it the practical ability to direct the 
relevant  activities  of  the  investee  unilaterally.  The  Company  considers  all  relevant  facts  and 
circumstances  in  assessing  whether  or  not  the  Company’s  voting  rights  in  an  investee  are 
sufficient to give it power, including: 

 

the  size  of  the  Company’s  holding  of  voting  rights  relative  to  the  size  and  dispersion  of 
holdings of the other  vote holders; 

rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and 

  potential voting rights held by the Company, other vote holders or other parties; 
 
  any additional facts and circumstances that indicate that the Company has, or does not have, 
the current ability to direct the relevant activities at the time that decisions need to be made, 
including voting patterns at previous shareholders’ meetings.   

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Company obtains control over the subsidiary and 
ceases when the Company loses control of the subsidiary. Specifically, income and expenses of 
a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement 
of profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the date the Company gains control until 
the date when the Company ceases to control the subsidiary. 

Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the owners 
of  the  Company  and  to  the  non-controlling  interests.  Total  comprehensive  income  of 
subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even 
if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. 

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their 
accounting policies into line with the Group’s accounting policies. 

All  intragroup  assets  and  liabilities,  equity,  income,  expenses  and  cash  flows  relating  to 
transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.  

(d)  Segment reporting 

Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the 
Directors  as  the  chief  operating  decision  makers,  who  are  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and 
assessing performance of the operating segments and making strategic decisions. 

(e)  Revenue recognition 

The  Group  recognises  revenue  mainly  from  sale  of  agricultural  produce  to  the  export  and  local 
markets. Revenue is shown net of value added tax (VAT), returns, rebates and discounts. 

Revenue  is  measured  based  on  the  consideration  to  which  the  Group  expects  to  be  entitled  in  a 
contract  with  a  customer  and  excludes  amounts  collected  on  behalf  of  third  parties.  The  Group 
recognises revenue when it transfers control of a product or service to a customer. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(e)  Revenue recognition (continued) 

For the sale of agricultural produce to the export market, revenue is recognised when control of the 
agricultural  produce  has  been  transferred  to  the  final  customer  by  selling  agents.  A  receivable  is 
recognised  by  the  Group  upon  the  agents  confirming  that  the  agricultural  produce  has  been 
delivered  to  the  final  customer  as  this  represents  the  point  at  which  the  right  to  consideration 
becomes unconditional. 

For the sale of agricultural produce to the local market, revenue is recognised when control of the 
agricultural  produce  has  transferred,  being  at  the  point  the  customer  purchases  the  goods  at  the 
retail outlet or the agricultural produce is delivered to the customer. Payment is due immediately at 
the point the customer takes control of the agricultural produce. 

Under  the  Group’s  standard  contract  terms,  customers  do  not  have  a  right  to  return  due  to  the 
nature of the agricultural produce. 

Payment with respect to revenue from agricultural produce is typically due upon acceptance of the 
products.    Contracts with customers do not have a significant financing component and there are 
no variable considerations. 

(f)  Functional currency and translation of foreign currencies 

(i)  Functional and presentation currency  

Items  included  in  the  consolidated  and  separate  financial  statements  are  measured  using  the 
currency  of  the  primary  economic  environment  in  which  the  entity  operates  (‘the  functional 
currency’). The financial statements are presented in Kenyan Shillings which is the consolidated 
and separate functional currency. 

(ii) Transactions and balances 

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the respective entity 
using  the  exchange  rates  prevailing  at  the  dates  of  the  transactions.    Foreign  exchange  gains 
and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at year-
end  exchange  rates  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  are 
recognised in the statement of profit or loss. 

Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are 
presented in the income statement of comprehensive income within ‘interest and other income 
or finance costs’.  

(g) Property, plant and equipment 

All  categories  of  property,  plant  and  equipment  are  initially  recorded  at  historical  cost  and 
subsequently  stated  at  cost  less  depreciation.  Historical  cost  includes  expenditure  that  is  directly 
attributable to the acquisition of the items. 

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as 
appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to 
the  Group  or  Company  and  the  cost  of  the  item  can  be  measured  reliably.    All  other  repairs  and 
maintenance are charged to the income statement within ‘cost of production’ during the financial period 
in which they are incurred.   

Bearer  plants  are  classified  as  immature  until  the  produce  can  be  commercially  harvested  and  are 
classified  as  capital  work  in  progress.  At  that  point  they  are  reclassified  to  bearer  plants  and 
depreciation commences. Immature plantations are measured at accumulated cost.  

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(g) Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Freehold  land  is  not  depreciated.  Depreciation  on  other  assets  is  calculated  using  the  straight  line 
method to write cost to their residual values over their estimated useful life as follows: 

Buildings, dams and improvements 
Plant and machinery 
Motor vehicles, tractors, trailers &  implements 
Furniture, fittings and equipment 
Bearer plants: 
 - Avocado trees 
 - Macadamia trees 
 - Pineapple crop 
 - Tea bushes 
Capital work in progress is not depreciated 

Immature period       Estimated useful life 
20 – 50 years 
10 – 13 years  
4 – 10 years 
3 – 8 years  

4 years      
6 years 
1 year 
4 years      

25 years 
30 years 
2 years 
50 years 

The  assets’  residual  values  and  useful  lives  are  reviewed,  and  adjusted  if  appropriate,  at  each 
reporting date. 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  are  reviewed  for  impairment  whenever  events  or  changes  in 
circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying  amount  may  not  be  recoverable.  An  impairment  loss  is 
recognised  in  the  statement  of  profit  or  loss  for  the  amount  by  which  the  asset’s  carrying  amount 
exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less 
costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the 
lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (cash-generating units). 

Gains and losses on disposal of property, plant and equipment are determined by reference to their 
carrying amounts and are taken into account in determining operating profit. 

(h) Biological assets 

Biological  assets  comprise  forestry,  livestock  and  growing  agricultural  produce  on  tea,  avocado, 
blueberries, and macadamia plantations. 

Biological assets are measured on initial recognition at cost and subsequently at fair value less costs 
to sell at each reporting date.  Any gains or losses arising on initial recognition of biological assets 
and from subsequent changes in fair value less costs to sell are recognised in the profit or loss in the 
year in which they arise. 

The  fair  value  of  livestock  is  determined  based  on  market  prices  of  livestock  of  similar  age,  breed 
and genetic merit.   

The tea bushes, avocado and macadamia trees, and blueberries crops are bearer plants and are 
therefore presented and accounted for as property, plant and equipment (see note 2(g)). However, 
the produce growing on these trees is accounted for as biological assets until the point of harvest. 
Harvested produce is transferred to inventory at fair value less costs to sell. 

Management has assessed the fair value of growing agricultural produce on avocado, macadamia, 
blueberries  and  tea  plantations  using  estimated  market  prices  less  costs  to  sell  based  on  the 
biological transformation of the produce at the reporting date. 

The  fair  value  of  timber  plantations  and  livestock  is  based  on  market  prices  as  valued  by  external 
independent valuers. 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(h) Biological assets (continued) 

Purchases and development of biological assets include cost of planting, breeding and upkeep until 
they mature, which are recognised as an expense in the profit or loss. 

Subsequently all costs of upkeep and maintenance of mature biological assets are recognised as an 
expense through profit or loss under cost of sales in the period in which they are incurred. 

(i)  Leases 

The  Group  assesses  whether  a  contract  is  or  contains  a  lease  at  inception  of  the  contract.  The 
Group recognises a right of use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease 
arrangements in which it is the lessee, except for short term leases (defined as leases with a lease 
term of 12 months or less) and leases of low value assets. For these leases, the Group recognises 
the  lease  payments  as  an  operating  expense  on  a  straight  line  basis  over  the  term  of  the  lease 
unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which the economic 
benefits from the leased assets are consumed. 

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid 
at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be 
readily determined, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate. 

Lease  payments  included  in  the  measurement  of  the  lease  liability  comprises  of  fixed  lease 
payments (including the substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives. 

The lease liability is presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position. The lease 
liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease 
liability (using the effective interest method and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease 
payments made. 

The  Group  re-measures  the  lease  liability  (and  makes  a  corresponding  adjustment  to  the  related 
right-of-use asset) whenever: 

 

 

the lease term has changed or there is a change in the assessment of exercise of a purchase 
option,  in  which  case  the  lease  liability  is  remeasured  by  discounting  the  revised  lease 
payments using a revised discount rate. 

the  lease  payments  change  due  to  changes  in  an  index  or  rate  or  a  change  in  expected 
payment under a guaranteed residual value, in which cases the lease liability is remeasured by 
discounting  the  revised  lease  payments  using  the  initial  discount  rate  (unless  the  lease 
payments change is due to a change in floating interest rate, in which case a revised discount 
rate is used). 

  a lease contract is modified and the lease modification is not accounted for as a separate lease, 
in which case the lease liability is remeasured by discounting the revised lease payments using 
a revised discount rate. 

The Group did not make any such adjustments during the periods presented. 

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease 
payments  made  at  or  before  the  commencement  day  and  any  initial  direct  costs.    They  are 
subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment loses. 

Right-of-use  assets  are  depreciated  over  the  shorter  period  of  lease  term  and  useful  life  of  the 
underlying asset.  If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-
use  asset  reflects  that  the  Group  expects  to  exercise  a  purchase  option,  the  related  right-of-use 
asset  is  depreciated  over  the  useful  life  of  the  underlying  asset.    The  depreciation  starts  at  the 
commencement date of the lease. 

The right-of-use assets are presented as a separate line in the statement of financial position. 

The Group applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for 
any identified impairment loss as described in the ‘Property, plant and equipment’ policy. 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(i)  Leases (continued) 

Variable rents that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement of the lease 
liability and the right-of-use asset.  The related payments are recognised as an expense in the period 
in which the event or condition that triggers those payments occurs and are included in the statement 
of the profit or loss. 

The Group as lessor 

The Group enters into lease agreements as a lessor with respect to some of its buildings which comprise 
less than 1% of total buildings.  

Leases for which the Group is a lessor are classified as operating leases. Whenever the terms of the 
lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee, the contract is classified 
as a finance lease. All other leases are classified as operating leases. 

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant 
lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the 
carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term. 

(j)  Inventories 

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. 

Agricultural  produce  at  the  point  of  harvest  is  measured  at  fair  value  less  costs  to  sell.    Any  changes 
arising  on  initial  recognition  of  agricultural  produce at fair value less costs to sell are recognised in the 
statement of comprehensive income in the year in which they arise. 

The  cost  of other inventory is  determined by the weighted average method. Net realisable value is the 
estimate of the selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the costs of completion and selling 
expenses. 

Provisions  for  obsolete,  damaged  and  unusable  inventories  are  made  based  on  inventory  aged 
listings. 

(k) Payables 

Payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of 
business from suppliers.  Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one 
year or less (or in the normal operating cycle of the business if longer). If not, they are presented as non-
current liabilities. 

Payables  are  recognised  initially  at  fair  value  and  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the 
effective interest method. 

(l)  Share capital 

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. 

(m)  Cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held on call with banks and other short term 
highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. 

(n)  Financial instruments 

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised on the consolidated and separate statement of 
financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 

Treasury and corporate bonds 

The treasury and corporate bonds held by the Group are classified at amortised cost when they meet the 
following criteria: 

     the financial asset is held within a business model whose objective is to hold financial assets in order 

to collect contractual cash flows; and  

41 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2 

 Accounting policies (continued) 

(n)  Financial instruments (continued) 

      the contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely 

payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding. 

Trade receivables 

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the 
ordinary course of business.  If collection is expected in one year or less (or in the normal operating 
cycle of the business if longer), they are a classified as current assets.  If not, they are presented as 
non-current assets. 

Receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using 
the effective interest method less provision for impairment. A provision for impairment of receivables is 
established using an Expected Credit Losses (“ECL”) model in line with the requirements of IFRS 9 as 
outlined in the next section below. The amount of the provision is the difference between the carrying 
amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate. 
The amount of the provision is charged to profit or loss. 

Amortised cost and effective interest method  

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortised cost of a debt instrument and of 
allocating interest income over the relevant period. 

Impairment of financial assets 

The Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses on investments in debt instruments 
that are measured at amortised cost or at fair value through other comprehensive Income (“FVTOCI”), 
lease  receivables,  trade  receivables  and  contract  assets.  The  amount  of  expected  credit  losses  is 
updated at each reporting date to reflect changes in credit risk since initial recognition of the respective 
financial instrument. 

The  Group  always  recognises  lifetime  ECL  for  trade  receivables,  contract  assets  and  lease 
receivables.  The  expected  credit  losses  on  these  financial  assets  are  estimated  using  a  provision 
matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to 
the  debtors,  general  economic  conditions  and  an  assessment  of  both  the  current  as  well  as  the 
forecast direction of conditions at the reporting date, including time value of money where appropriate. 

For  all  other  financial  instruments,  the  Group  recognises  lifetime  ECL  when  there  has  been  a 
significant  increase  in  credit  risk  since  initial  recognition.  However,  if  the  credit  risk  on  the  financial 
instrument  has  not  increased  significantly  since  initial  recognition,  the  Company  measures  the  loss 
allowance for that financial instrument at an amount equal to 12-month ECL. 

Lifetime ECL represents the expected credit losses that will result from all possible default events over 
the expected life of a financial instrument. In contrast, 12-month ECL represents the portion of lifetime 
ECL that is expected to result from default events on a financial instrument that are possible within 12 
months after the reporting date. 

Impairment of financial assets (continued) 

(i)  Significant increase in credit risk 

In  assessing  whether  the  credit  risk  on  a  financial  instrument  has  increased  significantly  since  initial 
recognition,  the  Group  compares  the  risk  of  a  default  occurring  on  the  financial  instrument  at  the 
reporting  date  with  the  risk  of  a  default  occurring  on  the  financial  instrument  at  the  date  of  initial 
recognition.  In  making  this  assessment,  the  Group  considers  both  quantitative  and  qualitative 
information  that  is  reasonable  and  supportable,  including  historical  experience  and  forward‑ looking 
information that is available without undue cost or effort. 

42 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(n)  Financial instruments (continued) 

(ii) Definition of default 

The  Group  considers  the  following  as  constituting  an  event  of  default  for  internal  credit  risk 
management purposes as historical experience indicates that financial assets that meet either of the 
following criteria are generally not recoverable: 

  when there is a breach of financial covenants by the debtor; or 
 

information  developed  internally  or  obtained  from  external  sources  indicates  that  the  debtor  is 
unlikely  to  pay  its  creditors,  including  the  Group,  in  full  (without  taking  into  account  any  collateral 
held by the Group). 

Irrespective  of  the  above  analysis,  the  Group  considers  that  default  has  occurred  when  a  financial 
asset is more than 90 days past due unless the Group has reasonable and supportable information to 
demonstrate that a more lagging default criterion is more appropriate.  

The Group write-offs debt only when there is objective evidence that the debt will not be recovered and 
after it has exhausted its collection avenues. 

(i)  Measurement and recognition of expected credit losses 

The measurement of expected credit losses is a function of the probability of default, loss given default 
(i.e. the magnitude of the loss if there is a default) and the exposure at default. The assessment of the 
probability  of  default  and  loss  given  default  is  based  on  historical  data  adjusted  by  forward‑ looking 
information as described above. 

As  for  the  exposure  at  default,  for  financial  assets,  this  is  represented  by  the  assets’  gross  carrying 
amount at the reporting date.  

For  financial  assets,  the  expected  credit  loss  is  estimated  as  the  difference  between  all  contractual 
cash  flows  that are due to the Group in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the 
Group expects to receive, discounted at the original effective interest rate.  

The  Group  recognises  an  impairment  gain  or  loss  in  profit  or  loss  for  all  financial  instruments  with  a 
corresponding adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account. 

(ii) 

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis using the effective interest method. 

(iii)  Dividends  are  recognised  as  income  in  the  period  in  which  the  right  to  receive  payment  is 

established. 

(o)  Employee benefits  

(i)  Post employment benefits obligations  

For  unionised  employees,  the  group  has  an  unfunded  obligation  to  pay  terminal  gratuities  under  its 
Collective Bargaining Agreements with the union.  Employees who resign after completing at least ten 
years (Nandi Hills employees) or employees who retire and have completed at least five years (Makuyu 
employees)  of  service  are  entitled  to  twenty  one  days  pay  (Nandi  Hills  employees)  or  eighteen  days 
(Makuyu employees) for each completed year of service respectively.  

The  liability  recognised  in  the  statement  of  financial  position  in  respect  of  this  defined  benefit 
scheme is the present value of the defined benefit obligation at the reporting date. The obligation is 
estimated  annually  using  the  projected  unit  credit  method  by  independent  actuaries.  The  present 
value  is  determined  by  discounting  the  estimated  future  cash  outflows  using  interest  rates  of 
government bonds. The currency and estimated term of these bonds is consistent with the currency 
and estimated term of the post-employment benefit obligation.  The obligation relating to employees 
who  have  reached  the  minimum  retirement  age  and  completed  the  required  years  of  service  and 
are still in employment are classified as payable within the next twelve months. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(o) Employee benefits (continued) 

(i)  Post employment benefits obligations (continued) 

Remeasurement  of  post  employment  benefit  obligations  arising  from  experience  adjustments  and 
changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited to equity in other comprehensive income in 
the period in which they arise. 

The  Group  operates  a  defined  contribution  post-employment  benefit  scheme  for  management 
employees.    A  defined  contribution  plan  is  a  pension  plan  under  which  the  Group  pays  fixed 
contributions into a separate entity. The Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further 
contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to 
employee service in the current and prior periods. 

The assets of the defined contribution post-employment benefit scheme are held in a separate trustee 
administered  fund,  which  is  funded  by  contributions  from  both  the  Group  and  the  employees.    The 
Group and all its employees also contribute to the statutory National Social Security Fund, which is a 
defined contribution scheme. 

The Group’s contributions to both these defined contribution schemes are charged to the statement of 
profit or loss within ‘cost of production’ in the year in which they fall due. 

(ii) Other entitlements 

The  estimated  monetary  liability  for  employees’  accrued  annual  leave  entitlement  at  the  reporting 
date is recognised as an expense accrual. 

(p) Current and deferred income tax 

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred income tax. Tax is recognised in the 
statement  of  profit  or  loss  except  to  the  extent  that  it  relates  to  items  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive  income  or  directly  in  equity.    In  this  case,  the  tax  is  also  recognised  in  other 
comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. 

(i)   Current income tax 

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax enacted or substantively enacted 
at the reporting date.  Directors  periodically evaluate positions taken in tax returns with respect to 
situations  in  which  applicable  tax  regulation  is  subject  to  interpretation.  It  establishes  provisions 
where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities. 

(ii)  Deferred income tax  

Deferred  income  tax  is  recognised,  using  the  liability  method,  on  temporary  differences  arising 
between  the  tax  bases  of assets and liabilities and their carrying values in the financial statements. 
Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively 
enacted at the reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax liability 
is settled. 

Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable 
profits will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. 

Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries and 
associates, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference is controlled by the 
Group and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. 

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

2  Accounting policies (continued) 

(p) Current and deferred income tax (continued) 

(ii) Deferred income tax (continued) 

Deferred  income  tax  assets  and  liabilities  are  offset  when  there  is  a  legally  enforceable  right  to 
offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income taxes assets 
and  liabilities  relate  to  income  taxes  levied  by  the  same  taxation  authority  on  either  the  same 
taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net 
basis. 

(q) Dividends 

Dividends on ordinary shares are charged to equity in the period in which they are declared. Proposed 
dividends are shown as a separate component of equity until declared (i.e. proposed dividend). 

3  Critical accounting estimates, judgements and assumptions 

The  estimates  and  assumptions  that  have  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the 
carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are addressed below: 

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other 
factors,  including  experience  of  future  events  that  are  believed  to  be  reasonable  under  the 
circumstances. 

(a) Critical accounting estimates and assumptions 

(i)  Bearer plants 

Critical judgement has been made in determining the useful life and maturity period of the bearer 
plants. The useful life of the bearer plant is based on experience and expected productivity of the 
plant and the expected replanting schedules. 

(ii)   Biological assets 

Critical assumptions are made by the Directors and the independent valuer in determining the fair 
values of biological assets. The key assumptions relate to:  

 
 

the market prices of livestock of similar age, breed and genetic merit will remain consistent 
recent market transaction prices for forestry plantations will remain consistent.  

(iii)  Growing agricultural produce 

Critical judgement has been made in determining the fair value of growing agricultural produce on 
bearer plant. The key assumptions made in determination of fair value are:  

 

 
 
 

the  biological  transformation  process  of  the  growing  agricultural  produce  will  remain 
consistent to prior produce   
the market price will remain constant based on estimated future market prices 
the actual costs to sell will not change significantly from estimated costs 
exchange rate will remain constant based on forecast exchange rate. 

(iv) Post-employment benefits obligations 

Critical  assumptions  are  made  by  the  actuary  in  determining  the  present  value  of  the  service 
gratuities  to  non-management  employees.  The  carrying  amount  of  the  provision  and  the  key 
assumptions made in estimating the provision are set out in Note 16. 

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

3  Critical accounting estimates, judgements and assumptions (continued) 

(b) Key sources of estimation uncertainty 

The  key  assumptions  concerning  the  future,  and  other  key  sources  of  estimation  uncertainty  at  the 
reporting  period  that  may  have  a  significant  risk  of  causing  a  material  adjustment  to  the  carrying 
amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are discussed below. 

(i)  Income taxes  

Significant judgement is required in determining the Group’s provision for income taxes. There are 
many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain during the 
ordinary course of business. The Group recognises liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based 
on estimates of whether additional taxes will be due. Where the final tax outcome of these matters 
is  different  from  the  amounts  that  were  initially  recorded,  such  differences  will  impact  the  income 
tax and deferred tax provisions in the period in which such determination is made.  

(ii) Property, plant and equipment 

Critical  estimates  are  made  by  directors  in  determining  the  useful  lives  and  residual  values  to 
property, plant and equipment based on the intended use of the assets and the economic lives of 
those  assets.  Subsequent  changes  in  circumstances  or  prospective  utilisation  of  the  assets 
concerned could result in the actual useful lives or residual values differing from initial estimates.  

(iii) Leases 

Judgement is required in determination of the appropriate rate to discount the lease payments and the 
assessment of whether a right-of-use asset is impaired. 

4 

Financial risk management objectives and policies 

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks, including credit risk, liquidity risk, prices 
for  its  agricultural  produce,  foreign  currency  exchange  rates  and  interest  rates.    The  Group’s  overall 
risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial and agricultural markets and 
seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on its financial performance, but the Group does not hedge 
any risks. 

Financial  risk  management  is  carried  out  by  the  finance  department  under  policies  approved  by  the 
Board of Directors.  These policies provide principles for overall risk management, as well as policies 
covering specific areas such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and credit risk. 

The Group monitors closely the returns it achieves from its crops and considers replacing its biological 
assets when yields decline with age or markets change. Further financial risk arises from changes in 
market prices of key cost components. Such costs are closely monitored. 

Market risk 

(i)  Foreign exchange risk 

The Group and Company operates internationally and is exposed to foreign exchange risk arising 
from  various  currency  exposures,  primarily  with  respect  to  the  US  dollar  and  Euro.    Foreign 
exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions, and recognised assets and liabilities. 

The sensitivity analysis below have been determined based on the exposure to exchange rates for 
financial  assets  and  liabilities  at  the  reporting  date.  A  5%  increase  or  decrease  is  used  when 
reporting  exchange 
represents 
management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in exchange rates. 

to  key  management  personnel  and 

internally 

rate 

risk 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

4 

Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) 

Market risk (continued) 

(i)   Foreign exchange risk (continued) 

At 31 December 2020, if the Shilling was weaker/stronger by 5% (2019: 5%) against the US dollar with 
all  other  variables  held  constant,  the  Group  and  Company  post  tax  profit  would  have  been  Shs 
40,569,000  (2019:  Shs  15,132,000)  higher/lower  mainly  as  a  result  of  US  dollar  deposits  and  trade 
receivables. 

At 31 December 2020 if the Shilling was weaker/stronger by 5% (2019: 5%) against the Euro with all 
other  variables  held  constant,  the  Group  and  Company  post  tax  profit  would  have  been  Shs 
27,413,000 higher/lower (2019: Shs 338,000). 

At 31 December 2020 if the Shilling was weaker/stronger by 5% (2019: 5%) against the Sterling Pound 
with  all  other  variables  held  constant,  the  Group  and  Company  post  tax  profit  would  have  been  Shs 
1,380,000 higher/lower (2019: Shs 224,000). 

At  31  December  2020  if  the  Shilling  was  weaker/stronger  by  5%  (2019:  5%)  against  the  Australian 
Dollar with all other variables held constant, the Group and Company post tax profit would have been 
Shs 202,000 lower/ higher  (2019: Shs 37,000). 

There were no financial assets and liabilities denominated in South African Rands as at 31 December 
2020. At 31 December 2019, If the Shilling was weaker/stronger by 5% against the South African Rand 
with  all  other  variables  held  constant,  the  Group  and  Company  post  tax  profit  would  have  been  Shs  
99,000 lower/ higher. 

Below is a summary of the financial assets and liabilities at their carrying amounts. 

USD

EUR

STG

AUD

Closing rate as at 31 Dec 2020 

109.20

133.61

149.27

84.27

Cash and bank balances 
Trade and other receivables 

910,114
191,726

715,880
30,642

36,787
-

Total financial assets 

1,101,840

746,522

36,787

-
-

-

Trade and other payables 

19,993

15,521

Total financial liabilities 

19,993

15,521

-

-

5,395

5,395

Closing rate as at 31 Dec 2019 

101.35

113.76

134.26

71.24

USD

EUR

STG

AUD

ZAR

7.43

Total in 
Shs’000

-
-

-

-

-

ZAR

7.25

1,662,781
222,368

1,885,149

40,909

40,909

Total in 
Shs’000

Cash and bank balances 
Trade and other receivables 

388,818
51,627

20,116
6,355

46
6,346

Total financial assets 

440,445

26,471

6,392

-
-

-

-
-

-

408,980
64,328

473,308

Trade and other payables 

8,111

16,801

Total financial liabilities 

8,111

16,801

-

-

1,072

2,832

28,816

1,072

2,832

28,816

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

4 

Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) 

Market risk (continued) 

(ii)   Price risk 

The Group and Company does not hold any financial instruments subject to price risk. 

(iii)  Interest rate risk  

The  Group  and  Company  has  interest  earning  deposits  that  are  held  at  fixed  interest  rates  and  is 
therefore not exposed to interest rate risk.   

(iv)  Commodity price risk 

Commodity  price  risk  in  the  Group  primarily  arises  from  price  fluctuations  and  the  availability  of 
avocado,  tea  and  macadamia.  The  Group  has  not  entered  into  derivative  transactions  to  limit  these 
risks. 

If the commodity prices had been 5% higher/(lower) as of December 2020, profit after tax would have 
been Shs 196,803,000 (2019: Shs 155,189,000) higher/(lower). 

Credit risk  

Credit risk arises from deposits with banks, financial assets held at amortised cost as well as trade and 
other  receivables.  The  Group  does  not  have  any  significant  concentrations  of  credit  risk.  The  Group 
and  Company  has  policies  in  place  to  ensure  that  sales  are  made  to  customers  with  an  appropriate 
credit history. 

The  amount  that  best  represents  the  Group  and  Company’s  maximum  exposure  to  credit  risk  at 
31 December 2020 is the carrying value of the financial assets in the statement of financial position. 

The  Group  holds  collateral  amounting  to  Shs  34,238,000  (2019:  Shs  44,090,000)  in  respect  of  staff 
loans amounting to Shs 35,264,000 (2019: Shs 41,569,000) included in other receivables. The Group 
and Company does not grade the credit quality of receivables. All receivables that are neither past due 
or  impaired  are  within  their  approved  credit  limits,  and  no  receivables  have  had  their  terms 
renegotiated. 

The Group’s current credit risk grading framework comprises the following categories: 

Category 

Description 

Performing 

Doubtful 

In default 

Write off 

The counterparty has a low risk of default and does 
not have any past-due amounts 
Amount is >30 days past due or there has been a 
significant increase in credit risk since initial 
recognition 
Amount is >90 days past due or there is evidence 
indicating the asset is credit-impaired 
There is evidence indicating that the debtor is in 
severe financial difficulty and the Group has no 
realistic prospect of recovery 

Basis 
for 
expected credit losses 

recognising 

12 – month ECL 

Lifetime  ECL  –  not  credit 
impaired 

Lifetime  ECL  –  credit-
impaired 
Amount is written off 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

4 

Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) 

Credit risk (continued) 

The tables below detail the credit quality of the Group’s financial assets, as well as the Group’s maximum 
exposure to credit risk by credit risk rating grades: 

31/12/2020 

Note 

External
credit 
rating

Internal 
credit 
rating 

12-month or 
lifetime 
ECL 

Gross 
carrying 
amount 

Loss 
allowance

Net 
carrying
amount

Trade 
receivables 

23 

N/A Performing 

Staff debtors 

23 

N/A Performing 

Lifetime ECL 
(simplified 
approach) 

Lifetime ECL 
(simplified 
approach) 

Shs’000 

Shs’000 

Shs’000 

251,981 

(5,324) 

246,657 

35,264 

- 

35,264 

Financial 
assets held 
at amortized 
cost 

21 

B2

N/A 

12-month 
ECL 

200,000 

- 

200,000 

31/12/2019 

Note 

External
credit 
rating

Internal 
credit 
rating 

12-month or 
lifetime 
ECL 

Gross 
carrying 
amount 

Loss 
allowance

Net 
carrying
amount

Trade 
receivables 

23 

N/A Performing 

Staff debtors 

23 

N/A Performing 

Lifetime ECL 
(simplified 
approach) 

Lifetime ECL 
(simplified 
approach) 

Shs’000 

Shs’000

Shs’000

29,555 

(4,934) 

24,621 

41,569 

- 

41,569 

Financial 
assets held 
at amortized 
cost 

Liquidity risk 

21 

B2

N/A 

12-month 
ECL 

200,000 

- 

200,000 

Prudent liquidity risk management includes maintaining sufficient cash balances, and the availability of 
funding  from  an  adequate  amount  of  committed  credit  facilities.  Due  to  the  dynamic  nature  of  the 
underlying  businesses,  the  finance  department  maintains  flexibility  in  funding  by  maintaining 
availability under committed credit lines. 

Directors monitor rolling forecasts of the Group’s liquidity reserve on the basis of expected cash flow. 

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

4 

Financial risk management objectives and policies (continued) 

Liquidity risk (continued) 

The  table  below  analyses  the  Group  and  Company’s  financial  liabilities  that  will  be  settled  on  a  net 
basis  into  relevant  maturity  groupings  based  on  the  remaining  period  at  the  reporting  date  to  the 
contractual maturity date. The amounts disclosed in the table below are the contractual undiscounted 
cash flows. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances, as the impact of discounting 
is not significant. 

Group 

At 31 December 2020: 
 - Trade and other payables 

At 31 December 2019: 
 - Trade and other payables 

Company 

At 31 December 2020: 
 - Trade and other payables 

At 31 December 2019: 
 - Trade and other payables 

Capital management 

Less than 1 
year 
Shs’000  

Between 1 
and 2 years 
Shs’000  

Between 2 
and 5 years 
Shs’000  

Over 5 years 
Shs’000 

226,607  

181,711  

-  

-  

-  

-  

- 

- 

Less than 1 
year 
Shs’000  

Between 1 
and 2 years 
Shs’000  

Between 2 
and 5 years 
Shs’000  

Over 5 years 
Shs’000 

234,990  

190,094  

-  

-  

-  

-  

- 

- 

The  Group’s  objectives  when  managing  capital  are  to  safeguard  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as a 
going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure 
to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may limit the 
amount of dividends paid to shareholders. 

The Group ensures that funds are available for capital developments by capping the dividends 
payable.  The dividends paid and proposed are shown in Note 12. 

Fair value estimation 

IFRS  13  requires  disclosure  of  fair  value  measurements  by  level  of  the  following  fair  value 
measurement hierarchy: 

  Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (level 1). 
 

Inputs other than quoted prices included within level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, 
either directly (that is, as prices) or indirectly (that is, derived from prices) (level 2). 
Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (that is, unobservable 
inputs) (level 3). 

 

The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example, over-the-
counter  derivatives)  is  determined  by  using  valuation  techniques.  These  valuation  techniques 
maximise the use of observable market data where it is available and rely as little as possible on entity 
specific  estimates.  If  all  significant  inputs  required  to  fair  value  an  instrument  are  observable,  the 
instrument is included in level 2. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

5  Segmental reporting - Group 

Directors have determined the operating segments based on the reports reviewed by the Executive Directors to make strategic decisions.  

The Group operates in two geographical areas in Kenya, Makuyu and Nandi Hills, and under several operating segments. The principal operating segments currently 
consist of Avocados and Macadamia whose reported sales are greater than 10% of combined sales of all operating segments and Tea and Forestry whose assets are 
more  than  10%  of  combined  assets  of  all  operating  segments.  The  business  activities  of  livestock,  joint  projects  and  blueberries  are  included  under  “all  other 
segments” as they relate to agricultural operations and do not meet any set criteria for individual reportable segments. There is no single customer whose revenue 
amounts to 10% or more of the Groups revenue. Intersegmental sales relate to sale of pallets and are transferred at arms-length.  

The Group derives all revenues from contracts with customers for the transfer of goods at a point in time. 

Segment assets consist primarily of property, plant and equipment, biological assets, inventories, receivables and prepayments. Unallocated assets are cash, financial 
assets, property, plant and equipment, and inventories relating to Main Office and Engineering Stores. Segmental liabilities consist primarily of payables and accrued 
expenses. Unallocated liabilities are taxes, payables, accrued expenses and non-current liabilities. The segment information for the reportable segments for the year 
ended 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 is as follows:  

2020 

2019 

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019 

         Tea 

       Avocados 

Shs’000 

  Shs’000 

  Shs’000  

Shs’000  

        Macadamia 
Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Forestry 

   All other segments 

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

        Consolidated 
Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Sales 
Sales to external customers 
Intersegmental Sales  

245,801 
- 

202,390 
-  

  2,311,063   1,861,707  
-  
-  

654,791  
-  

502,423  
-  

272,975  
13,468  

204,508  
8,983  

110,843  
-  

108,651  
-  

3,595,473  
13,468  

2,879,679  
8,983  

Total Sales 

245,801 

202,390 

  2,311,063  

1,861707  

654,791  

502,423  

286,443  

213,491  

110,843  

108,651  

3,608,941  

2,888,662  

Comprising 
Major external customers sales 
All other external customers sales 
Intersegmental Sales 

Geographical analysis  
UK & Continental Europe 
Kenya 
Others 

245,801 
- 
- 

202,390 
- 
- 

  2,210,502   1,813,562  
48,145  
-  

100,561  
-  

629,269  
25,522  
-  

472,472  
29,951  
-  

-  
286,443  
13,468  

-  
213,491  
8,983  

- 
110,843 
- 

- 
108,651 
- 

  3,085,572 
509,901 
13,468  

  2,488,424 
391,255 
8,983 

245,801 

202,390 

  2,311,063 

  1,861,707 

654,791  

502,423  

286,443 

213,491 

110,843 

108,651 

  3,608,941 

  2,888,662 

- 
245,801 
- 

- 
202,390 
- 

  2,210,502   1,813,562  
48,145  
-  

100,561  
-  

-  
25,522  
629,269  

-  
29,951  
472,472  

-  
286,443  
-  

-  
213,491  
-  

- 
110,843 
- 

- 
108,651 
- 

  2,210,502 
769,170 
629,269 

  1,813,562 
602,628 
472,472 

245,801 

202,390 

  2,311,063   1,861,707  

654,791  

502,423  

286,443  

213,491  

110,843 

108,651 

  3,608,941 

  2,888,662 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

5  Segmental reporting - Group (continued)  

2020 

2019 

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019  

         Tea 

       Avocados 

      Macadamia 

2020  
    Forestry 

2019  

2020  

2019  

2020  

2019 

      All other segments 

        Consolidated 
Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000 

  Shs’000 

  Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Shs’000  

Profit/(loss) 
Gross profit /(loss) before depreciation 
and fair value changes in non-current 
biological assets and intersegmental 
purchases 
Intersegmental purchases 
Depreciation charge 
Changes in fair value of non-current 
biological assets 
Gross profit/(loss)  
Selling and distribution costs 
Segment profit 
Other income 
Interest and other income 
Finance costs  
Unallocated admin expenditure 
Profit/(loss) before income tax 
Income tax expense 
Profit/(loss) for the year  

Assets (all located in Kenya) 
Segment assets 
Unallocated assets 

Liabilities 
Segment liabilities  
Unallocated liabilities 

Additions 
Property, plant and equipment 
Biological assets 

(16,937 ) 
-  
(14,945 ) 

125,155   1,712,061   1,427,657  
(8,983 ) 
(13,468 ) 
(73,616 ) 
(99,003 ) 

-  
(14,590 ) 

506,788 
-  
(75,028 ) 

326,367 
-  
(65,750 ) 

77,962 
13,468  
(4,824 ) 

66,116 
8,983  
(4,793 ) 

(63,341 ) 
-  
(40,170 ) 

(52,745 ) 
-  
(38,354 ) 

2,216,533 
-  
(233,970 ) 

1,892,550 
-  
(197,103 ) 

-  
(31,882 ) 
-  
(31,882 ) 
5,889  
-  
-  
-  
(25,993 ) 
6,915  
(19,078 ) 

-  

-  

-  
110,565   1,599,590   1,345,058  
(511,772 ) 
(831,840 ) 
833,286  
767,750  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
-  
833,286  
767,750  
(247,272 ) 
(207,811 ) 
586,014  
559,939  

-  
110,565  
5,602  
-  
-  
-  
116,167  
(34,472 ) 
81,695  

- 
431,760  
(19,249 ) 
412,511  
-  
-  
-  
-  
412,511  
(106,334 ) 
306,177  

- 
260,617  
(19,249 ) 
241,368  
-  
-  
-  
-  
241,368  
(71,624 ) 
169,744  

22,100 
108,706  
-  
108,706  
-  
-  
-  
-  
108,706  
(28,923 ) 
79,783  

31,161 
101,467  
-  
101,467  
-  
-  
-  
-  
101,467  
(30,110 ) 
71,357  

35,713  
(67,798 ) 
(259 ) 
(68,057 ) 
25,665  
145,059  
(33 ) 
(518,076 ) 
(415,442 ) 
110,655  
(304,787 ) 

52,253  
(38,846 ) 
(259 ) 
(39,105 ) 
14,974  
117,021  
(7,516 ) 
(363,185 ) 
(277,811 ) 
82,440  
(195,371 ) 

57,813 
2,040,376  
(851,348 ) 
1,189,028  
31,554  
145,059  
(33 ) 
(518,076 ) 
847,532  
(225,498 ) 
622,034  

83,414 
1,778,861  
(531,280 ) 
1,247,581  
20,576  
117,021  
(7,516 ) 
(363,185 ) 
1,014,477  
(301,038 ) 
713,439  

966,025  

610,131   1,504,886   1,461,554   1,703,236   1,197,630  

758,948   1,070,039  

567,774  

384,585  

53,122  

19,259  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

-  

167,627  

5,500,869 
1,405,947 
6,906,816 

  4,723,939 
  1,737,096 
  6,461,035 

53,122 
1,287,245 
1,340,367 

186,886 
  1,055,824 
  1,242,710 

7,749  
-  
7,749  

246  
-  
246  

169,353  
-  
169,353  

232,092  
-  
232,092  

98,617  
-  
98,617  

134,637  
-  
134,637  

601  
17,439  
18,040  

1,239  
18,727  
19,966  

72,659  
-  
72,659  

41,252  
-  
41,252  

348,979  
17,439 
366,418  

409,466  
18,727 
428,193  

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

5  Segmental reporting - Group (continued)  

*Avocados 

Smallholder and Outgrowers Hass Avocados  

Included in the segment ‘Avocados’ above is trading with smallholders and outgrowers as follows: 

Number of cartons exported 
Number of cartons sold 

Gross Export sales 
Selling and distribution costs 

Net Export sales 
Local sales 
Packing expenses 
Closing stock 

Net return  

2020 

152,202 
154,858 

Shs’000

132,709 
(55,716) 

76,993 
9,254 
(17,874) 
- 

68,373 

2019 

185,534 
182,880 

Shs’000

189,585 
(66,505) 

123,080 
6,265 
(20,806) 
1,687 

110,226 

Paid to smallholders and outgrowers 

(85%)

(57,948) 

(85%)

(93,548) 

Trading profit 

Extension services expenses 

10,425 

(5,071) 

16,678 

(4,386) 

Profit before income tax 

5,354 

12,292 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6     Biological assets – Group and Company 

(i) Non current assets 

Changes in carrying amounts of non-current biological assets comprise: 

Livestock 
Shs’000 

Plantation 
Shs’000 

Total 
Shs’000 

Year ended 31 December 2020 

At start of year 
Increase due to purchases and development 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less costs 
to sell due to physical change and price changes 
Decrease due to harvest and sales 

145,076 
-

35,713
(35,125) 

570,300 
17,439

22,100 
(27,340) 

715,376
17,439

57,813
(62,465) 

At end of year 

145,664 

582,499 

728,163 

Year ended 31 December 2019 

At start of year 
Increase due to purchases and development 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less costs 
to sell due to physical change and price changes 
Decrease due to harvest and sales 

128,552 
-

52,253
(35,729) 

555,650 
18,727

31,161 
(35,238) 

684,202
18,727

83,414
(70,967) 

At end of year 

145,076 

570,300 

715,376 

There are no biological assets whose title is restricted or pledged as security for liabilities as at 31 December 
2020 (2019: Nil). 

There were no commitments for development or acquisition of biological assets as at 31 December 2020 
(2019: Nil). 

(ii) Current assets 

Growing agricultural produce on bearer plants as at the reporting date 

Avocado – Hass 
Avocado - Pinkerton 

Total Avocado 
Macadamia 
Tea 

At end of year 

54 

2020 

2019 
Shs’000  Shs’000 

170,293
96,653

103,567
44,799

266,946
95,852
1,972 

148,366
68,932
2,681 

364,770 

219,979 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6  Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

  Biological assets are carried at fair value less costs to sell at the end of each reporting period. 

  Plantations  comprise  forestry.  The  fair  value  of  forestry  is  determined  by  external  independent  valuation 

based on recent market transaction prices. 

The  fair  value  of  livestock  is  determined  based  on  market  prices  of  livestock  of  similar  age,  breed  and 
genetic merit. 

The  fair  value  of  growing  agricultural  produce  is  estimated  using  the  market  approach.    The  key 
assumptions made in the determination of the fair value are: 

  climatic conditions will remain the same and hence productivity will be similar to prior years 
 

the biological transformation process of the growing agricultural produce will remain consistent to prior 
produce   
the market price will remain constant based on estimated future market prices 
the actual costs to sell will not change significantly from estimated costs 

 
 
  exchange rate will remain constant based on forecast exchange rate. 

The following table presents Group’s biological assets that are measured at fair value:  

Level 1 

Level 2 

Level 3 

Total 

Valuation
technique

Shs’000

Shs’000 

Shs’000 

Shs’000 

Year ended 31 December 
2020 

Livestock 
Avocado 
Tea 
Forestry 
Macadamia 

Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 

Year ended 31 December 
2019 

Livestock 
Avocado 
Tea 
Forestry 
Macadamia 

Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 
Market approach 

-
-
-
-
-

- 

-
-
-
-
-

- 

145,664
-
1,972 
582,499 
- 

-
266,946
-
-
95,852

145,664
266,946
1,972
582,499
95,852

730,135 

362,798 

1,092,933 

145,076
-
2,681 
570,300 
- 

-
148,366
-
-
68,932

145,076
148,366
2,681
570,300
68,932

718,057 

217,298 

935,355 

There were no transfers between any levels during the year. 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6   Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

 The following unobservable inputs at the respective year ends were used to measure the Group’s Hass avocado growing agricultural produce classified as 
level 3 of fair value hierarchy. 

 Year ended 31 December 2020 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Shs’000 

Avocado 
Produce 

170,293  Market approach  Yield  - Kgs 
per Hectare 

Range of  
unobservable 
inputs  

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

15,799 - 16,630  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per 
carton 

Stage of growth 
Exchange rate 

€5.69 - €5.99 

The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

KShs126.9 - KShs133.6 for 

The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair vale 

12% - 15%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair value 

€1   

Year ended 31 December 2019 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Avocado 
Produce 

Shs’000 
103,567  Market approach  Yield  - Kgs 
per Hectare 

Range of  
unobservable 
inputs  

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

17,157 - 18,060  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per 
carton 

Stage of growth 
Exchange rate 

€4.56 - €4.80 

The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

12% - 15%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair value 
The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair value 

KShs108.1 - KShs113.8  
for €1 

56 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6   Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

 The following unobservable inputs at the respective year ends were used to measure the Group’s Pinkerton avocado growing agricultural produce classified 
as level 3 of fair value hierarchy. 

 Year ended 31 December 2020 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Shs’000 

Avocado 
Produce 

96,653  Market approach  Yield  - Kgs 
per Hectare 

Range of  
unobservable 
inputs  

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

16,749 - 17,630  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per 
carton 

Stage of growth 
Exchange rate 

€4.78 - €5.03 

The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

82% - 85%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair value 

KShs126.9 - KShs133.6 

The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair vale 

for €1   

Year ended 31 December 2019 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Shs’000 

Avocado 
Produce 

44,799  Market approach  Yield  - Kgs 
per Hectare 

Range of  
unobservable 
inputs  

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

18,791 - 19,780  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per 
carton 

Stage of growth 
Exchange rate 

€4.27 - €4.49 

The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

82% - 85%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair value 
The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair value 

KShs108.1 - KShs113.8 
for €1 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6  

 Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

 The following unobservable inputs at the respective year ends were used to measure the macadamia growing agricultural produce classified as level 3 of 
fair value hierarchy. 

 Year ended 31 December 2020 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Shs’000 

95,852 

Macadamia 
Produce 

Range of 
unobservable 
inputs 

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

Market approach  Yield Kgs/Ha 

609 - 641  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per kg of 
Saleable Kernel  
Stage of growth -  
Early season crop 
Stage of growth -  
Late season crop 
Exchange rate 

USD14.14 - USD14.88  The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

53% - 56%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair 

value 

0%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair 

KShs103.74 - KShs109.2 

for 1 USD    

value 
The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair vale 

Year ended 31 December 2019 

Description 

Fair value at 
31 December  

Valuation 
techniques 

Unobservable 
inputs 

Shs’000 

68,932 

Macadamia 
Produce 

Range of 
unobservable 
inputs 

Relationship of 
unobservable inputs to fair value 

Market approach  Yield Kgs/Ha 

599 - 630  The higher the yield, the higher the value 

Net price per kg of 
Saleable Kernel  
Stage of growth -  
Early season crop 
Stage of growth -  
Late season crop 
Exchange rate 

USD15.92 - USD16.76  The higher the market price, the higher the fair value 

53% - 56%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair 

value 

0%  The higher the stage of growth, the higher the fair 

KShs96.28 - KShs101.35 
for 1 USD  

58 

value 
The higher the exchange rate, the higher the fair value 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6  

 Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

Changes in carrying amounts of agricultural produce on bearer plants as at reporting date comprise: 

Year ended 31 December 2020 
At start of year 
Increase due to purchases and development 
Decrease due to harvest and sales 
Gains/ (losses) arising from changes in fair value less estimated 
point-of-sale costs 

Group & Company 

Avocado   
Shs’000   

Macadamia  
Shs’000  

Tea     Blueberries   
Shs’000   

Shs’000 

Total  
Shs’000  

148,366   
325,338   
(325,338 ) 
118,581   

68,932  
202,912  
(202,912) 
26,919  

2,681  
261,396  
(261,396) 
(709) 

-   
29,944   
(29,944) 

- 

219,979  
819,590  
(819,590) 
144,791  

At end of year 

266,947   

95,851  

1,972  

-   

364,770  

Year ended 31 December 2019 
At start of year 
Increase due to purchases and development 
Decrease due to harvest and sales 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less estimated 
point-of-sale costs 

128,644   
294,284   
(294,284 ) 

57,708  
1  50,024  
(150,024) 

2,401  
185,640  
(185,640) 

-   
25,238  
(25,238) 

188,753  
655,186 
(655,186) 

19,722 

11,224

280

- 

31,226

At end of year 

148,366   

68,932  

2,681  

-   

219,979  

Gains/ (losses) arising from changes in fair value less estimated point-of-sale costs of growing agricultural produce have been recognised in the  
statement of profit or loss. 

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6  Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

Areas planted at the year end: 
Forestry plantations  

Cattle numbers at the year end 

Areas planted with various crops and 
output of agricultural produce during the 
year: 
Tea (green leaf) 
Avocado 
Blueberries 
Macadamia 

2020 
Hectares 

2019 
Hectares 

1,843 

1,834 

Head 

4,529 

Head 

4,396 

2020
Hectares

2019
Hectares

2020
Metric tonnes

2019
Metric tonnes

510 
882 
10 
1,032 

510 
797 
10 
1,032 

7,892 
10,894 
13 
1,446 

5,590 
7,145 
4 
1,248 

Cubic metres 

Cubic metres 

Timber harvested during the year was: 

7,211 

7,552 

Agricultural produce of tea bushes is the harvested green leaf which is processed soon after harvest in a 
factory to made tea. Timber is included under inventory. 

60 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

6  Biological assets – Group and Company (continued) 

Fair value of the agricultural produce harvested during the year after 
deducting costs to sell: 
Tea (green leaf) 
Avocado 
Blueberries 
Macadamia 
Others 

Other agricultural produce relates to forestry and livestock operations.  

7  Other income – Group and Company 

Net foreign exchange gain other than cash and cash equivalents 
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Rental Income 
Sundry 

Sundry relates to income from sale of timber and other miscellaneous sales. 

8 

Interest and other income and finance costs - Group and Company 

Interest and other income 
Interest income on short term bank deposits 
Net exchange gains on foreign currency cash & cash equivalent 

Finance costs 
Interest on lease liabilities 
Net exchange losses on foreign currency cash & cash equivalents 

2020 
Shs’000

2019 
Shs’000

245,801 
1,418,201 
7,587 
645,420 
325,587 

202,390
1,221,452
2,311
483,543
278,633

2,642,596 

2,188,329

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

7,119 
1,958 
6,401 
16,076 

1,232 
1,658 
3,890 
13,796 

31,554 

20,576 

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

79,701
65,358

117,021
-

145,059

117,021

33 
- 

33 
7,483 

33 

7,516 

Net interest income and finance costs 

145,026

109,505

61 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

9  Expenses by nature – Group and Company 

The following items have been charged/ (credited) in arriving at profit before income tax:- 

Cost of inventories sold  
Employee benefits expense (Note 10) 
Depreciation on property, plant and equipment (Note 18) 
Repairs and maintenance expenditure on property, plant and 
equipment  
Exceptional legal expenses (Note (a) below) 
Directors remuneration 
Auditor’s remuneration 
Depreciation of right of use assets (Note 19) 
Gain on disposal of property plant and equipment 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less costs to sell of non-current 
biological assets (Note 6 (i)) 

2020
Shs’000

1,575,535
790,712
233,970

156,566
137,481
11,917
6,554
446
(1,958) 

2019
Shs’000

1,256,499
697,437
197,103

83,882
-
9,707
6,395
10

(1,658) 

(57,813) 

(83,414) 

(a)  The exceptional legal expenses are legal costs incurred both in Kenya and the UK by the Company 
defending  itself  from  legal  claims  brought  against  it  (together  with  the  Parent  Company  and  certain 
fellow UK subsidiaries) by a UK law firm which wanted to bring the Company into the jurisdiction of the 
United Kingdom. The Company was dropped as a party to these UK proceedings in July 2020. 

10  Employee benefits expense – Group and Company 

The following items are included within employee benefits expense: 

Salaries and wages 
Post employment benefits costs: 

- Post employment benefit obligations (Note 16)  
- Defined contribution pension scheme 
- National Social Security Fund 

The average number of employees during the year was as follows: 

Management 
Permanent unionisable employees 
Other unionisable employees 

62 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019   
Shs’000   

756,515  

659,443  

22,562  
4,380  
7,255  

19,141  
6,349  
12,504  

790,712 

697,437   

2020 

64  
1,018  
2,678  

2019   

63  
756  
2,188  

3,760  

3,007  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

11 

Income tax – Group and Company 

(a)  Taxation charge  

Current tax 
Current tax on profit for the year 

Deferred income tax 
Deferred income tax charge for the year  
Prior year under provision 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

154,131 

187,491 

71,323 
44 

113,547 
- 

Total deferred income tax expense (Note 15) 

71,367 

113,547 

Income tax expense 

225,498 

301,038 

(b)  Reconciliation of tax based on accounting profit to tax charge 

The tax on the Group’s and Company’s profit before income tax differs from the theoretical amount that 
would arise using the statutory income tax rate as follows: 

Profit before income tax 

Tax calculated at the statutory income tax rate of 25%  
(2019: 30%) 
Tax effect of: 

Income not subject to income tax 

  Expenses not deductible for income tax purposes 
  Effect of change in the tax rate  
  Under provision of deferred tax in prior years 

2020  
Shs’000  

2019  
Shs’000  

847,532  

1,014,477  

211,883 

304,343 

(6,294 ) 
7,977  
11,888  
44  

(9,305 ) 
6,000  
-  
-  

Taxation charge 

225,498 

301,038   

On 25 March 2020, the Kenyan government announced tax measures in response to the COVID-19 and 
on April 25, 2020, the Income tax Act amended Paragraph 2(a) Head B of the Third Schedule to the 
Income Tax Act by reducing the corporate income tax rate to 25% from the previous 30%. 

(c)  Group and Company tax charge relating to components of other comprehensive income 

Remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations: 

Actuarial gain (Note 16)       
Charge to other comprehensive income (Note 15) 

700  
(210 ) 

16,872  
(5,062 ) 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

Net charge to other comprehensive income     

490  

11,810  

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
   
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

11 

Income tax – Group and Company (Continued) 

(d)  Current tax (recoverable)/payable 

Group 

Company 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

At start of year       
Taxation charge (Note 11 (a)) 
Paid during the year 

35,355  
154,131  
(209,150 ) 

(81,582 ) 
187,491  
(70,554 ) 

35,408  
154,131  
(209,150 ) 

(81,529 ) 
187,491  
(70,554 ) 

At end of year     

(19,664 ) 

35,355  

(19,611 ) 

35,408  

12  Earnings and dividends – Group 

i) Basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share 

Basic earnings per ordinary share is calculated on the profit attributable to the members of Kakuzi Plc
and  on  the  19,599,999  ordinary  shares  in  issue  at  31  December  2020  and  31  December  2019  as 
follows:- 

2020 

2019   

Profit attributable to equity holders of the Group (Shs ‘000) 

622,034 

713,439   

Number of ordinary shares in issue (thousands) 

19,600 

19,600   

Basic and diluted earnings per ordinary share (Shs) 

31.74 

36.40   

The  Group  had  no  potentially  dilutive  ordinary  shares  outstanding  at  31  December  2020  and  31 
December 2019. 

ii) Dividends per ordinary share 

At the annual general meeting to be held on 18 May 2021, the Directors will recommend the payment of 
a first and final dividend of 360% (2019: 280%) of par value equivalent to Shs 18.00 per ordinary share 
(Shs  352,800,000  in  respect  of  the  year  ended  31  December  2020  ((2019:  Shs  14.00  per  ordinary 
share) (Shs 274,400,000))((2018: Shs 9.00 per ordinary shares (Shs 176,400,000)).  

13  Share capital 

Authorised 
At 1 January 2019, 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020 

Number of 
ordinary 
shares 
(Thousands) 

Ordinary 
share capital 
Shs ‘000 

20,000 

100,000 

Issued 
At 1 January 2019, 31 December 2019 and 31 December 2020 

19,600 

98,000 

The par value of the shares is Shs 5 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

14  Borrowing facilities – Group and Company 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

The Group has the following undrawn committed borrowing facilities: 

Floating rate (expiring within one year) 

426,300 

426,300 

The facilities are subject to annual review at various dates during the year 2021. 

The undrawn bank facilities of Shs 426,300,000 are secured by an undertaking, at any time if and when
required  by  the  banks,  to  execute  legal  or  other  mortgages  and  charges  including  fixed  or  floating 
charges or assigned in favour of the banks. 

15  Deferred income tax – Group and Company  

Deferred  income  tax  is  calculated  using  the  enacted  tax  rate  of  30%  (2019:  30%).  The  net  deferred 
taxation liability is attributable to the following items: 

Property, plant and equipment 
Biological assets 
Other temporary differences 

2020 
Shs’000 

755,908 
284,181 
(36,346) 

2019 
Shs’000 

742,482 
237,084 
(47,400) 

Net deferred income tax liability 

1,003,743 

932,166 

The movement on the deferred income tax account is as follows: 

At start of year 
Charge to profit or loss (Note 11(a)) 
Charge to other comprehensive income (Note 11(c)) 

2020 
Shs’000 

932,166  
71,367  
210  

2019   
Shs’000   

813,557  
113,547  
5,062  

At end of year 

1,003,743  

932,166  

The following amounts, determined after appropriate offsetting, are shown in the statement of financial
position. 

Deferred income tax assets 
Deferred income tax liabilities 

65 

2020  
Shs’000  

(36,346 ) 
1,040,089  

2019  
Shs’000  

(47,400 ) 
979,566  

1,003,743  

932,166  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

16  Post employment benefit obligations – Group and Company  

The amounts recognised in the statement of financial position are determined as follows: 

2020  
Shs’000  

2019  
Shs’000  

Present value of post employment benefit obligations 

109,585  

93,066  

Split as follows: 
Non-current portion 
Current portion 

76,354  
33,231  

74,500  
18,566  

The movement in present value of the post employment benefit obligations is as follows: 

At start of year 
Net expense recognised in statement of profit or loss and other 
comprehensive income 
Benefits paid 

At end of year  

2020  
Shs’000  

2019  
Shs’000  

93,066  

95,233  

21,862 
(5,343 ) 

2,269 
(4,436 ) 

109,585  

93,066  

The  amounts  recognised  in  the  statement  of  profit  or  loss  within  ‘cost  of  sales’  for  the  year  are  as 
follows: 

Current service cost 
Past service cost 
Interest on obligation 

2020  
Shs’000  

5,537  
4,554  
12,471  

2019  
Shs’000  

6,230  
10  
12,901  

Total included in employee benefits expenses (Note 10) 

22,562  

19,141  

Actuarial gain recognised in other comprehensive income (Note 11(c)) 

700  

16,872  

66 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

16   Post employment benefit obligations Group and Company (continued) 

          31 December 2020 

                   31 December 2019 

Gratuity 
(Makuyu) 
Shs’000 

  Gratuity (Nandi 
Hills) 
Shs’000 

Total 
Shs’000 

Gratuity 
(Makuyu) 
Shs’000 

  Gratuity (Nandi 
Hills) 
Shs’000  

Total 
Shs’000  

At start of year 

70,632 

22,434  

93,066  

67,178 

28,055  

95,233  

Current service cost 
Past service cost 
Interest expense 

4,247 
4,554 
9,548 

1,290  
-  
2,923  

5,537  
4,554  
12,471  

4,520 
- 
9,169 

1,710  
10  
3,732  

6,230  
10  
12,901  

18,349 

4,213  

22,562  

13,689 

5,452  

19,141  

Remeasurements: 
Losses/(gains) from change in assumptions 
Experience (gains)/losses 

490  
(558 ) 

(28 ) 
(604 ) 

462  
(1,162 ) 

(7,402 ) 
(506 ) 

(7,915 ) 
(1,049 ) 

(15,317 ) 
(1,555 ) 

(68 ) 

(632 ) 

(700 ) 

(7,908 ) 

(8,964 ) 

(16,872 ) 

Benefits paid 

At end of year 

(2,859 ) 

(2,484 ) 

(5,343 ) 

(2,327 ) 

(2,109 ) 

(4,436 ) 

86,054 

23,531  

109,585  

70,632 

22,434  

93,066  

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

16   Post employment benefit obligations Group and Company (continued) 

The principal actuarial assumptions used are as follows: 

Discount rate (% p.a.) 
Future salary increases (% p.a.)        
first year 
second year 
Thereafter 

                                        Gratuity (Makuyu) 

                                        Gratuity (Nandi Hills) 

2020 

13.3% 

10% 
7.5% 
7.5% 

2019 

13% 

7.5% 
7.5% 
7.5% 

2020 

13.3% 

10% 
7.5% 
7.5% 

2019 

13% 

7.5% 
7.5% 
7.5% 

Mortality (pre-retirement) 

A 1949 - 1952 

A 1949 - 1952 

A 1949 - 1952  

A 1949 - 1952   

Withdrawals 

Ill-Health 

At rates consistent with similar 
arrangements 

  At rates consistent with 
similar arrangements 

  At rates consistent with 
similar arrangements 

  At rates consistent with similar 

arrangements 

At rates consistent with similar 
arrangements 

  At rates consistent with 
similar arrangements 

  At rates consistent with 
similar arrangements 

  At rates consistent with similar 

arrangements 

Retirement age 

55 years 

55 years 

  60 years 

  60 years 

The sensitivity of the defined obligation to changes in the weighted principal assumptions is: 

               Impact on post employment benefit obligation 

Changes in assumption   

Increase/Decrease 
in assumption 

Discount rate 
Salary growth rate 

by 1%   
by 1%   

Shs 5,009,000   
Not material   

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

16   Post employment benefit obligations Group and Company (continued) 

The  above  sensitivity  analyses  are  based  on  a  change  in  an  assumption  while  holding  all  other  assumptions  constant.  In  practice,  this  is  unlikely  to  occur,  and
changes in some of the assumptions may be correlated. When calculating the sensitivity of the post employment benefit obligation to significant actuarial assumptions
the same method (present value of the post employment benefit obligation calculated with the projected unit credit method at the end of the reporting period) has been
applied as when calculating the liability recognised within the statement of financial position. 

The methods and types of assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis did not change compared to the previous period. 

Five year summary: 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

2018 
Shs’000 

2017 
Shs’000 

2016 
Shs’000 

Present value of post employment benefit obligations – Group and Company 

109,585   

93,066   

95,233   

85,166   

76,492   

Net expense/(income) recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive 
income – Group and Company 
- within ‘cost of sales’ 
- within ‘other comprehensive income/(loss) 

22,562 
(490 ) 

19,141 
(11,810 ) 

17,277 
(3,046 ) 

16,065 
(1,735 ) 

15,116 
(5,936 ) 

Characteristics and Risks of the post-employment benefit obligation: 

The post-employment benefit obligation is an unfunded obligation to pay terminal gratuities under its Collective Bargaining Agreements with the union.  Therefore one 
of the main risks relating to the benefits under the Scheme is the rate of salary growth.  As the benefits are based on the final salary, any changes in salary that differ 
from the salary escalation rate assumed will have a direct bearing on the benefits paid and the present value of the benefit obligation under the scheme.  The 
Company’s experience with respect to pre-retirement exit experience, actual ages of retirement and mortality will also impact the benefits payable under the Scheme, 
when compared with the assumption made.  

69 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

17  Lease obligations – Group and Company 

The movement in the lease liabilities is as follows: 

Balance at 1 January 
Interest on lease liabilities 
Lease payments 

Amounts due for settlement within 12 months 
Amounts due for settlement after 12 months 

Year 1 
Year 2 
Year 3 
Year 4 
Year 5 
Onwards 

2020  
Shs’000  

2019  
Shs’000  

412 
33 
(13) 

379 
33 
- 

432  

412  

59 
373 

432  

59  
26  
24  
23  
21  
279  
432  

31  
381  

412  

31  
28  
26  
24  
23  
280  
412  

The  Group  does  not  face  a  significant  liquidity  risk  with  regards  to  its  lease  liabilities.  Lease  liabilities  are 
monitored  within  the  company’s  treasury  function.  All  lease  obligations  are  denominated  in  Kenya  Shillings.

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

18   Property, plant and equipment 

Group and Company 

Year ended 31 December 2020 
Cost 
At start of year 
Transfers 
Additions  
Disposals 

At end of year 
Depreciation and impairment 
At start of year 
Charge for the year 
Eliminated on disposals 

At end of year 

Net book amount 
Depreciation and impairment at year end 
comprises: 
Depreciation 
Impairment 

Buildings, 
freehold land, 
dams and 
improvements 
Shs’000  

Plant & 
machinery 
Shs’000  

Bearer plants 
Shs’000  

Motor 
vehicles, 
tractors, 
trailers and 
implements 
Shs’000  

Furniture, 
fittings and 
equipment 
Shs’000  

Capital work 
in progress 

Shs’000   

Total 
Shs’000  

1,350,977  
63,652  
-  
-  

1,639,426  
87,606  
139,591  
(1,366 ) 

1,414,629  

1,865,257  

299,298  
68,797  
-  

368,095  

579,578  
74,026  
-  

653,604  

345,000  
11,417  
54,661  
(123 ) 

410,955  

185,795  
53,347  
(123 ) 

239,019  

331,760  
-  
33,238  
(12,873 ) 

352,125  

220,049  
27,406  
(8,043 ) 

239,412  

153,178  
-  
8,439  
(197 ) 

161,420  

92,718  
10,394  
(139 ) 

102,973  

470,331   
(162,675 ) 
113,050   
-   

4,290,672  
-  
348,979  
(14,559 ) 

420,706   

4,625,092  

-   
-   
-  

-   

1,377,438  
233,970  
(8,305 ) 

1,603,103  

1,046,534  

1,211,653  

171,936  

112,713  

58,447  

420,706   

3,021,989  

368,095  
-  

368,095  

653,604  
-  

653,604  

239,019  
-  

239,019  

239,412  
-  

239,412  

102,973  
-  

102,973  

-   
-   

-   

1,603,103  
-  

1,603,103  

Property, plant and equipment stated at cost of Shs 513,347,817 have been fully depreciated. The notional annual depreciation charge in respect of these values 
would have been Shs 61,782,521. There were no items of property, plant and equipment whose title were restricted or pledged as security for liabilities as at 31 
December 2020 (2019: none). 

Based on an impairment review performed by the Directors at 31 December 2020, no indication of further impairment of property, plant and equipment were identified 
(2019: none). 

Capital work-in-progress largely relates to self-constructed assets that had not been brought into use as at year end and bearer plants that have not yet matured. 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

18   Property, plant and equipment (continued) 

Group and Company 

Year ended 31 December 2019 
Cost 
At start of year 
Transfers 
Additions  
Disposals 

At end of year 
Depreciation and impairment 
At start of year 
Charge for the year 
Eliminated on disposals 

At end of year 

Net book amount 
Depreciation and impairment at year end 
comprises: 
Depreciation 
Impairment 

Buildings, 
freehold land, 
dams and 
improvements 
Shs’000  

Plant & 
machinery 
Shs’000  

Bearer plants 
Shs’000  

1,318,912  
100,873  
-  
(68,808 ) 

1,356,116  
139,450  
143,880  
(20 ) 

1,350,977  

1,639,426  

301,154  
66,952  
(68,808 ) 

299,298  

518,388  
61,210  
(20 ) 

579,578  

1,051,679  

1,059,848  

299,298  
-  

299,298  

573,907  
5,671  

579,578  

292,347  
26,156  
26,497  
-  

345,000  

160,812  
24,983  
-  

185,795  

159,205  

185,237  
558  

185,795  

Motor 
vehicles, 
tractors, 
trailers and 
implements 
Shs’000  

308,671  
1,589  
34,359  
(12,859 ) 

331,760  

197,674  
30,584  
(8,209 ) 

220,049  

Furniture, 
fittings and 
equipment 
Shs’000  

Capital work 
in progress 

Shs’000   

Total 
Shs’000  

111,223  
21,880  
20,770  
(695 ) 

153,178  

80,039  
13,374  
(695 ) 

92,718  

576,319   
(289,948 ) 
183,960   
-   

3,963,588  
-  
409,466  
(82,382 ) 

470,331   

4,290,672  

-   
-   
-  

-   

1,258,067  
197,103  
(77,732 ) 

1,377,438  

111,711  

60,460  

470,331  

2,913,234  

220,049  
-  

220,049  

92,632  
86  

92,718  

-   
-   

-   

1,371,123  
6,315  

1,377,438  

Property, plant and equipment stated at cost of Shs 412,007,183 have been fully depreciated. The notional annual depreciation charge in respect of these values would have been Shs 
65,262,957.  
Capital work-in-progress largely relates to self-constructed assets that had not been brought into use as at year end and bearer plants that have not yet matured. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

19  Right of use assets – Group and Company 

The  Group  has  leased  land  for  its  use.  Information  about  the  leases  in  which  the  Group  is  a  lessee  is
presented below: 

Cost 
At start of year 
Recognised on adoption of IFRS 16 
Reclassified from prepaid operating lease rentals (Note 19) 
At end of year 

Depreciation 
At start of year 
Charge for the year 

At end of year 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

4,791 
- 
- 
4,791 

10 
446 

456 

- 
412 
4,379 
4,791 

- 
10 

10 

At end of year 

4,335 

4,781 

Amounts recognised in profit and loss 
Depreciation expense of right of use assets 
Interest expenses on lease liabilities 

446 
33 

479 

10 
33 

43 

The Group is not committed to any arrangements that are short term as at year end. 

All of the land leases in which the Group is the lessee contain only fixed payments. 

There are no restrictions or covenants imposed by lessors and the Group did not enter into any sale and 
leaseback transactions during the year (2019: Nil). 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

20 

Investment in subsidiaries-Company only 

The  subsidiary  companies  are  all  wholly  owned,  incorporated  in  Kenya  and  have  the  same  year  end.
Estates Services Limited and Kaguru EPZ Limited are wholly owned and are dormant. 

Year ended 31 December 2020 

At start of year 

At end of year 

Year ended 31 December 2019 

At start of year 

At end of year 

Kaguru EPZ
Limited 
Shs’000 

Estates Services 
Limited 
Shs’000 

1,670 

1,670 

2,625 

2,625 

Kaguru EPZ
Limited 
Shs’000 

Estates Services 
Limited 
Shs’000 

1,670 

1,670 

2,625 

2,625 

Total
Shs’000 

4,295 

4,295 

Total
Shs’000 

4,295 

4,295 

There  were  no  restrictions  on  the  Groups  ability  to  access  or  use  assets  of  the  subsidiaries  to  settle  the 
Groups liabilities at 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019.  

21  Financial assets held at amortised cost – Group and Company 

Financial assets held at amortised cost comprises treasury and corporate bonds carried at amortised cost.   

Maturity rate 
Average 
Interest 
Rate 

Treasury Infrastructure Bonds 

12.50% 

  Maturity date 
18-Nov-24 

2020
Shs’000

200,000  

2019
Shs’000

200,000

The movement in financial assets held to maturity is as follows: 

At start of year 
Redeemed in the year 

At end of year 

Non current portion   
Current portion   

2020 
Shs’000 

200,000 
-  

2019 
Shs’000 

215,385 
(15,385 ) 

200,000 

200,000 

200,000 
- 

200,000 
- 

200,000 

200,000 

The Directors consider that the carrying amounts of the financial assets held to maturity in the consolidated 
financial statements approximate their fair values. 

None of the financial assets had been pledged as collateral for liabilities or contingent liabilities as at 31 
December 2020 (2019: Nil). 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

22 

Inventories – Group and Company 

Spare parts and consumable materials   
Avocado 
Macadamia nuts 
Blueberries 
Poles & timber 

2020 
Shs’000 

165,466 
- 
220,638 
- 
48,912 

2019 
Shs’000 

141,190 
108,368 
92,556 
72 
59,507 

Total inventories 

435,016 

401,693 

The  cost  of  inventories  recognised  as  an  expense  and  included  in  cost  of  sales  amounted  to  Shs 
1,575,535,000 (2019: Shs 1,256,499,000). There were no write downs during the year (2019: Nil). 

23  Receivables and prepayments – Group and Company 

Trade receivables 
Loss allowance 

Trade receivables - net 
Due from related companies (Note 27(v)) 
Staff debtors 
Value Added Tax (VAT) Refunds receivable  
Other receivables and prepayments 

Less non current portion 

Current receivables & prepayments 

Non current receivables 

2020 
Shs’000 

251,981 
(5,324 ) 

246,657 
49,814 
35,264 
60,963 
70,057 

462,755 
(35,555 ) 

2019 
Shs’000 

29,555 
(4,934 ) 

24,621 
37,815 
41,569 
107,253 
98,584 

309,842 
(34,624 ) 

427,200 

275,218 

35,555 

34,624 

Other receivables comprise trade deposits and a shipping rebate 

As  at  1  January  2019,  trade  receivables  from  contracts  with  customers  amounted to Shs 100,485,000
(net of loss allowance of Shs 4,834,000). 

Non current receivables are due within five years from reporting date and are secured and interest free.
None of the amounts were impaired (2019: Nil).  

The carrying amounts of the current receivables approximate to their fair value. 

Trade Receivables  

The  Directors  of  the  Company  estimate  the  loss  allowance  on  trade  receivables  at  the  end  of  the
reporting period at an amount equal to lifetime expected credit loss (“ECL”). 

The expected credit losses on trade receivables are estimated using a provision matrix by reference to
past default experience of the debtor and an analysis of the debtors current financial position, adjusted
for  factors  that  are  specific  to  the  debtors,  general  economic  conditions  of  the  industry  in  which  the
debtors operate and an assessment of both the current as well as the forecast direction of conditions at
the reporting date. 

The following table details the risk profile of trade receivables based on the Group’s provision matrix. 

31/12/2020 & 31/12/2019 

Expected credit loss rate 

Trade receivables – days past due 
31 - 60 

61 - 90 

Not past due 

Total 
Shs’000  Shs’000  Shs’000  Shs’000  Shs’000  Shs’000 

<30 

>90 

0% 

0% 
======  ====== 

0% 
====== 

0% 
====== 

0%
====== 

0% 

====== 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

23  Receivables and prepayments – Group and Company (continued) 

The following table shows the movement in lifetime ECL that has been recognised for trade receivables
in accordance with the simplified approach set out in IFRS 9. 

Balance at 1 January 2019 
Loss allowance charge for the year 2019 

Balance as at 31 December 2019 

Loss allowance charge for the year 2020 

Balance as at 31 December 2020 

24  Payables and accrued expenses 

Collectively 
assessed
-
-

Individually 
assessed
4,834
100

Total
4,834
100

-

-

-

4,934

4,934

390

390

5,324

5,324

    Group 

            Company 

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

Trade payables 
Due to related companies (Note 27(v)) 
Accrued expenses 
Leave obligations  
Other payables 

86,353
-
24,045
34,434
81,775

73,458
8
19,379
23,727
65,139

86,353
8,383
24,045
34,434
81,775

73,458
8,391
19,379
23,727
65,139

226,607

181,711

234,990

190,094

Other payables relate to provisions and sundry payables.  

Leave obligations covers the Group’s liability for accrued annual leave. The movement on the leave 
obligations for Group and Company is as follows: 

At start of year 
Charge for the year 
Paid during the year 

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

2020
Shs’000

2019
Shs’000

23,727
54,757
(44,050) 

24,181
36,418
(36,872) 

23,727
54,757
(44,050) 

24,181
36,418
(36,872) 

At end of year 

34,434

23,727

34,434

23,727

The carrying amounts of the payables and accrued expenses approximate to their fair values. 

76 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

25  Cash and cash equivalents - Group  and Company 

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents comprise the following:- 

Cash at bank and in hand 
Short term deposits 

2020 
Shs’000 

925,461 
744,663 

2019 
Shs’000 

82,892 
1,613,238 

1,670,124 

1,696,130 

The  short  term  deposits  are  denominated  in  Kenya  Shillings  (Shs)  and  United  States  Dollars  (USD)  and 
have a maturity of three months or less from the date of acquisition or are repayable immediately with no 
loss of interest. The effective interest rates on the short term deposits as at 31 December were as shown 
below: 

Kenya Shillings deposits 
United States Dollar deposits 

2020 
6.94% 
3.18%  

2019  
8.63%  
3.63%  

The Directors consider that the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated 
financial statements approximate their fair values. 

There were no amounts of cash and cash equivalents held by the Group that were not available for use 
by the Group as at 31 December 2020 (2019: Nil). 

26  Note to the consolidated and separate statement of cash flows 

Reconciliation of profit before income tax to cash generated from operations: 

Profit before income tax 

Adjustments for: 
Net exchange (gains)/losses on foreign currency cash & cash equivalents 
(Note 8) 
Interest expense on lease liabilities (Note 8) 
Interest income (Note 8) 
Depreciation (Note 18) 
Depreciation of right of use assets (Note 19) 
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 
Gains arising from changes in fair value less estimated point-sale costs of 
biological assets (Note 6 (i)) 
Decrease in the fair value of biological assets due to sales and harvest and 
disposal (Note 6 (i)) 
Fair  value  movement  in  biological  assets  –  growing  agricultural  produce 
(Note 6 (ii))  
Changes in working capital: 
-  Increase in inventories  
-  (Increase)/decrease in receivables and prepayments  
-  Increase/(decrease) in payables and accrued expenses and lease 

          obligations 

-  Increase in post-employment benefit obligations 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

847,532  

1,014,477  

(65,358 ) 

7,483  

33  
(79,701 ) 
233,970  
446  
(1,958 ) 

33  
(117,021 ) 
197,103  
10  
(1,658 ) 

) 
(57,813 

) 
(83,414 

62,465 

70,967 

) 
(144,791 

) 
(31,226 

(33,323 ) 
(152,913 ) 

(232,217 ) 
80,967  

44,896 
17,219  

) 
(181,098 
14,705  

Cash generated from operations 

670,704  

739,111  

77 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
 
 
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

27  Related party transactions – Group and Company 

The  group  is  controlled  by  Camellia  Plc,  a  company  incorporated  in  England.  Camellia  Plc  is  the 
ultimate  parent  of  the  Group.  There  are  other  companies  that  are  related  to  Kakuzi  Plc  through 
common shareholdings or common Directorships. Fellow Subsidiaries within the Camellia Plc Group 
act as brokers and managing agents for certain products and operations of the Group. 

The following transactions were carried out with related parties: 

i)   Sale of goods to: 

Eastern Produce Kenya Limited 

ii)  Purchase of goods and services from: 

RBDA Kenya Branch 
Eastern Produce Kenya Limited 

2020 

2019

Shs’000 

Shs’000

129,366 

113,307

125,112 
71,759 

104,592
65,897

196,871 

170,489 

The  purchase  of  goods  and  services  includes  a  charge  in  relation  to  the  Executive  Directors 
remuneration (including value of benefits in kind) amounting to Shs 28,584,000 (2019: 26,327,000).  

iii) Key management compensation 

Salaries and other short-term employment benefits 
Post employment benefits 

iv) Directors’ remuneration 

Fees for services as a Director 
Other emoluments  

58,767 
357 

58,377 
12 

59,124 

58,389 

11,529 
388 

9,240 
467 

11,917 

9,707 

78 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 
Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements 
For the year ended 31 December 2020   

Notes (continued) 

27  Related party transactions – Group and Company (continued) 

v)  Outstanding balances arising from sale and purchase of goods and service 

Group 

2020 

2019 

         Company 
2020 

2019 

Shs’000

Shs’000

Shs’000

Shs’000

34,104 
15,710 

32,948 
4,867 

34,104 
15,710 

32,948 
4,867 

49,814 

37,815 

49,814 

37,815

-
-
-

-

-
-
8

8

2,570
5,813
-

8,383

2,570
5,813
8

8,391

Due from related Companies 
Eastern Produce Kenya Limited 
RBDA Kenya Branch 

Due to related Companies 
Estates Services Limited 
Kaguru EPZ Limited 
Eastern Produce Estates South Africa (Pty) Ltd 

28  Commitments – Group and Company 

Capital commitments 

Capital expenditure contracted for at the reporting date but not recognised in the financial statements is
as follows: 

Property, plant and equipment 

29  Contingent liabilities 

2020 
Shs’000 

2019 
Shs’000 

18,532 

38,567 

Various claims have been submitted against the Group in relation to different litigations. It is not practical
to  estimate  the  potential  effect  of  these  claims  but  legal  advice  indicates  that  it  is  not  probable  that  a
significant liability will arise. The Directors believe that the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings
would not have a material effect on the Group’s consolidated and separate financial statements. 

30  Subsequent events 

There have been no significant events after the reporting date to the date of signing these accounts 
which have a material financial statement impact at 31 December 2020. 

------------- 000 ------------- 

79 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 

Five year record 

Turnover 

3,608,941 

2,888,662 

3,152,831 

2,823,926 

2,651,199 

2020 
Shs'000

2019 
Shs'000

2018 
Shs'000

2017 
Shs'000

2016 
Shs'000

Profit before income tax 
Income tax 

847,532 
(225,498) 

1,014,477 
(301,038) 

684,083 
(202,489) 

849,123 
(257,480) 

757,779 
(195,354) 

Profit after income tax 

622,034 

713,439 

481,594 

591,643 

562,425 

Profit attributable to the members of 
Kakuzi Plc 

622,034 

713,439 

481,594 

591,643 

562,425 

Dividends: - 

Proposed final dividend - for the year 

352,800 

274,400 

176,400 

137,200 

117,600 

Capital and reserves: - 
Called up share capital 
Reserves  

98,000 
5,464,308 

98,000 
5,116,184 

98,000 
4,567,335 

98,000 
4,219,895 

98,000 
3,748,258 

Total equity  

5,562,308 

5,214,184 

4,665,335 

4,317,895 

3,846,258 

Basic earnings per ordinary share (Shs) 

31.74 

36.40 

24.57 

30.19 

28.70 

Dividends per ordinary share (Shs) 

18.00 

14.00 

9.00 

7.00 

6.00 

Dividend cover 

1.76 

2.60 

2.73 

4.31 

4.78 

Total equity per ordinary share (Shs) 

283.79 

266.03 

238.03 

220.30 

196.24 

All amounts are stated in Kenya shillings thousands (shs’000) except where otherwise indicated. 

80 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 

Major shareholders and distribution schedule 

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS 

The 10 major shareholders and their holdings at 31 December 2020 were: 

Shareholder name 

1  John Kibunga Kimani 
2  Bordure Limited 
3  Lintak Investments Limited 
4  Standard Chartered Nominees a/c 9532 
5  G.H. Kluge & Sons Limited 
6  HSBC Global Custody Nominee (UK) Limited 
7  Kakuzi Neighbourhoods Development Foundation 
8  Joe B.Wanjui 
9  John Okuna Ogango 

10  Shah Chandrakant Keshavji & Shah Laxmiben Chandrakant Keshavji 

Number of  
 ordinary  
shares 

6,330,699  
5,107,920  
4,828,714  
429,134  
239,118  
200,000  
155,500  
122,004  
107,700  
61,698  
17,582,487 

% 

32.30% 
26.06% 
24.64% 
2.19% 
1.22% 
1.02% 
0.79% 
0.62% 
0.55% 
0.31% 
89.70% 

* Camellia Plc incorporated in England, by virtue of its interests in Bordure Limited incorporated in England
and Lintak Investments Limited incorporated in Kenya, is deemed to be interested in these ordinary shares. 

DISTRIBUTION SCHEDULE 

The distribution of ordinary shares as at 31 December 2020 was: 

Ordinary shares range 

Less than 500 
501 to 5,000 
5,001 to 10,000 
10,001 to 100,000 
100,001 to 1,000,000 
Over 1,000,000 

Number of 
shareholders 

Number of 
ordinary shares 

797  
427  
46  
40  
6  
3  
1,319 

123,155  
769,738  
348,300  
838,017  
1,253,456  
16,267,333  
19,599,999 

% 

0.63% 
3.93% 
1.78% 
4.28% 
6.40% 
82.98% 
100.00% 

81 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kakuzi Plc 

Form of Proxy (93rd Annual General Meeting) 

I/WE _____________________________________________________________________________________

Share Account ____________________Of (Address)  ______________________________________________           

Telephone Mobile No_______________________________________ being a member of the above Company,  

hereby appoint: ____________________________________________________________________________ 

Of (Address______________________________Telephone Mobile No ________________________________ 

Email Address ____________________________________________________________________________ 

or failing him/her ___________________________________________________________________________ 

Of (Address) Telephone Mobile No _____________________________________________________________ 

Email Address_____________________________________________________________________________ 

or  failing  him/her,  the  duly  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Meeting,  as  my/our  proxy,  to  vote  for  me/us  on  my/our 
behalf at the Annual General Meeting of the Company to be held on Tuesday, 18th May 2021 at 12.00 noon, 
and at any adjournment thereof. 

As witness my/our hand this……………………………………day of ………………………………...2021 

Signed ………………………………………………………………………………….. 

Signed ………………………………………………………………………………….. 

Note: 

1.  A member entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint a proxy to attend and vote in his/her stead and a 

2. 

3. 

proxy need not be a member of the Company. 
In the case of a member being a limited Company, this form must be completed under its common seal or 
under the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorized in writing. 
If you are unable to attend this meeting personally, this form should be completed and returned to the to the 
Company Registrars, Custody and Registrars Services, IKM Place, Tower B, 1st Floor, 5th Ngong Avenue 
Nairobi, P. O. Box 8484-00100 Nairobi or email to proxy@candrgroup.co.ke  to reach not less than 48 hours 
before the time of holding the meeting. 

82 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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1
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Kakuzi Plc 
P O Box 24 
Thika 01000 
Kenya 

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