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Kavango Resources Plc

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FY2023 Annual Report · Kavango Resources Plc
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        Company registration number: 10796849 (England and Wales) 

KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

CONTENTS  

Company Information ........................................................................................................................................ 3 

Chairman’s Statement ........................................................................................................................................ 4 

Operations Report .............................................................................................................................................. 5 

Board of Directors and Senior Management ...................................................................................................... 8 

Strategic Report ................................................................................................................................................. 9 

Directors Report ............................................................................................................................................... 14 

Corporate Governance Report ......................................................................................................................... 16 

Directors’ Remuneration Report ...................................................................................................................... 26 

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities ........................................................................................................... 30 

Independent auditor’s report to the members of Kavango Resources plc ........................................................ 31 

Consolidated statement of total comprehensive income .................................................................................. 37 

Consolidated statement of financial position ................................................................................................... 38 

Company statement of financial position ......................................................................................................... 39 

Consolidated statement of changes in equity ................................................................................................... 40 

Company statement of changes in equity......................................................................................................... 42 

Consolidated statement of cash flows .............................................................................................................. 44 

Company statement of cash flows ................................................................................................................... 45 

Notes to the financial statements ..................................................................................................................... 46 

2 

 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

COMPANY INFORMATION 

Directors 
David Smith, Non-Executive Chairman 
Peter Wynter Bee, Non-Executive Director 
Matthew Benjamin Turney, Chief Executive Officer  
Brett Grist, Chief Operating Officer 
Hillary Nyakunengwa Gumbo, Founder & Executive Director 
Jeremy S. Brett, Executive Director 

Company Secretary  
Brett Grist  

Registered Office  
Salisbury House, Suite 425 
London Wall 
London EC2M 5PS 

Registered Number  
10796849 (England and Wales) 

Registrars  
Share Registrars Limited 
3 The Millennium Centre 
Crosby Way 
Farnham 
Surrey 
GU9 7XX 

Brokers 
First Equity Limited 
Salisbury House 
London Wall  
London EC2M 5QQ 

Auditor 
PKF Littlejohn LLP 
15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

Solicitors 
Druces LLP 
Salisbury House 
London Wall 
London EC2M 5PS 

Principal Bankers 
NatWest Bank 
120-122 Fenchurch Street 
London EC2M 5BA 

Website 
www.kavangoresources.com

3 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

I  am  pleased  to  present  the  financial  results  for  Kavango  Resources  PLC,  the  Southern  Africa focussed  metals 
exploration company, for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

In what has remained a challenging market for many junior exploration companies we believe Kavango has made 
significant progress through 2023. Of particular note are  the  entry of the company into Zimbabwe  where we  have 
acquired options over three projects, the consolidation of our position in Botswana on the Kalahari Copper Belt (KCB), 
and completion of a successful investment of £6 million by Purebond Ltd. 

In purely financial terms, during 2023 the Group incurred a loss of US$ 3,293,000, equivalent to a loss of US$ 0.45 
cents per share (2022: US$ 2,206,000, US$ 0.49 cents per share).  

Kavango’s 2023 drilling in the KCB and KSZ was largely led by geophysical data, and focussed on deep targets. This 
was always going to prove challenging; however, the programs were successfully and quickly delivered, and whilst 
they did not intersect mineralisation, did provide us with useful geological information to inform our strategy going 
forward.  

As CEO Ben Turney describes in greater detail later in this report,  a re-evaluation of our exploration on the KCB, 
carried out in conjunction with consultant David Catterall, suggests greatest potential for us to make a discovery on 
the KCB around our Karakubis licences, in western Botswana. Following this, during the year we acquired a 90% 
interest in an additional six licences, consolidating our position in this area. An airborne survey was commissioned 
over these at the end of 2023, with preliminary results announced in March 2024, and I look forward to seeing this 
work progress through 2024. 

The entry of the Company into Zimbabwe and entering into option agreements over three exploration areas there was 
a  significant  milestone.  The  geological  similarities  of  parts  of  Zimbabwe  and  western  Australia  are  striking,  yet 
Zimbabwe  has  hitherto  seen  very  little  modern  exploration.  We  believe  this  represents  a  meaningful  opportunity, 
adjacent to our existing operating base in Botswana, and offering some synergies in how we deliver exploration. Ben 
Turney’s hands-on approach of moving to Zimbabwe is already helping us address the challenges of this additional 
jurisdiction.    

A major corporate development during the year was the investment by Purebond Ltd of £6 million for new shares in 
the Company. This, at a time when funding to junior exploration companies has been generally limited, has enabled 
the Company to take a longer term and strategic view, to advance into the new ventures in Zimbabwe and to refocus 
its KCB exploration. We believe that this will ultimately maximise the opportunity for all shareholders to benefit from 
potential exploration success by Kavango in our areas of interest. 

As announced in December 2022, we were pleased to welcome Peter Wynter Bee to the company as a Non-Executive 
Director in January 2023. Peter’s wide experience of the industry, and in particular of financing mining development, 
has already proved instrumental to the Company’s progress in 2023, and I am confident will continue to add to the 
Board’s ability to deliver through 2024.  

I  should  like  to  take  this  opportunity  to  thank  our  employees  across  Botswana  and  Zimbabwe  for  their  hard  work 
during the year and for adapting to Kavango’s ongoing updated strategy. Exploration is challenging both intellectually 
and physically, and we are fortunate to have a dedicated team of employees and consultants. Their commitment to the 
Kavango cause is of course matched by the commitment shown by the executive directors throughout the year, and I 
am grateful to them all for the efforts they have made. 

Kavango in common with other junior exploration companies has not seen the advances in the Company’s share price 
in 2023 that we believe would be justified to recognise the progress made by, and to come from, the Company. There 
were significant purchases of shares by three of my co-directors during the year, which underscores the belief of the 
Board in the potential for the Company. Kavango has multiple work streams underway at present, any of which has 
the potential to lead to significant news flow. We look forward to updating the market in due course. 

David Smith 

17 April 2024 

4 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
OPERATIONS REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023  

The past year has, I believe, been transformative for Kavango Resources. During the year we acquired options over 
three projects in Zimbabwe, where we commenced work at a rapid pace. We also  acquired a 90% interest in six 
licences in the Kalahari Copper Belt from Australia-based ENRG Elements. As a result, Kavango consolidated a 
strong prospective mineral rights package in this prolific copper jurisdiction. In my view, this provides an excellent 
opportunity to make commercial discoveries in both countries in 2024. 

The mineral rights package provides one half of what is needed for discovery. Financing is the other half, and in this 
regard conditions in 2023 remained challenging for most explorers. However, thanks to the outstanding support of 
Purebond Limited and their £6m investment for new equity during 2023, Kavango has been put in a position where 
it can swiftly advance its projects. 

I am very pleased to report that our team has stepped up to this challenge and seized the opportunity put in front of 
them.  

As  well  as  enhancing  our  project  portfolio,  Kavango  also  strengthened  its  team.  The  Company  has  secured  the 
services of two experts in their fields, to ensure that we have the appropriate technical firepower to achieve success. 
Dave  Catterall  brings  with  him  vast  geological  knowledge  of  the  Kalahari  Copper  Belt,  Botswana,  where  he  is 
credited with successful discovery of multiple orebodies. In Zimbabwe, Steve Smith has worked to understand and 
rank a range of gold exploration projects in Matabeleland, giving Kavango an important competitive edge and ability 
to make rapid progress in commencing exploration in a new country. 

Other changes to our team in 2023 include the recruitment of Leon de Waal as Exploration Manager for southern 
Africa. Leon has extensive mineral exploration experience in the region and has been leading from the front in our 
field camps in both Botswana and Zimbabwe. 

I  would  like  to  acknowledge  the  commitment  made  by  my  co-director  Peter  Wynter  Bee,  who  during  the  year 
invested £500,000 of his own funds into shares in the Company, confirming his commitment to Kavango’s vision 
and potential. 

Key operational highlights over 2023 included: 

• 

In February we completed drilling 1,885.59m across seven holes in the KCB using a combination of Reverse 
Circulation  ("RC")  and  diamond  drilling.  This  was  targeted  by  Controlled-Source  Audio  Magnetotelluric 
("CSAMT") survey data and soil sampling data.  The program confirmed two out of three technical objectives 
and made significant progress on the third. Anticlines and synclines were correctly identified by CSAMT on 
PL082. Zones of structural disturbance, brecciation and alteration were also clearly interpreted via CSAMT and 
then confirmed in drill core. Kavango's geologists observed evidence of fluid flow, with consequent alteration. 
A  final  test  was  to  intersect  the  interpreted  Ngwako  Pan  /  D'Kar  contact.    A  massive  sandstone  unit  was 
intersected.  Although the contact was not intercepted, the massive sandstone unit matched the resistive signature 
on the CSAMT inversion.  

Drilling on PL082 evidenced that we are higher in the D'Kar sequence than we had originally interpreted. This 
meant we could make a clear decision to pause work on this licence for now and move to other targets that now 
appear more prospective. 

A geological review concluded that our four prospecting licences near the Namibian border offered evidence of 
shallower stratigraphy. Adjacent property holder ENRG Elements' (ASX:EEL) licences are understood to host 
signs of mineralisation and of domal structures. Kavango was able to negotiate terms and acquire a 90% interest 
in these during 2023. 

In March 2023 we published the outcome of a report from Dr Hamid Mumin, which identified a possible high 
potential Banded Iron Formation hosted Lode Gold model at the Ditau Project, and were based on logging of 
newly acquired third party drill core  Kavango considers Target  i10 could represent a large-scale, continuous 
system. This and other models including IOCG continue to offer potential at Ditau, and which the Company will 
continue to investigate with a particular focus on seeking a JV partner.  

In June 2023 we announced the completion of a first stage £1,400,000 equity investment into the Company via 
a  non-brokered  direct  subscription,  and  we  were  pleased  to  welcome  Purebond  Limited  as  a  shareholder. 
Following  publication  of  a  prospectus  in  October  2023,  we  were  able  to  conclude  the  second  stage  of  the 
investment,  for  a  further  £4,600,000.  Purebond  invested  at  a  price  of  1p  per  share,  a  premium  to  the  then 
prevailing share price.  

• 

• 

5 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
OPERATIONS REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued)  

•  The greenstone belts in Zimbabwe host prospective rocks for bulk-mineable gold deposits, based on Kavango's 
internal review and analysis. Many of these belts share notable similarities with some of Australia's most prolific 
gold-producing regions. Zimbabwe was therefore seen as a high-potential destination for Kavango to invest into, 
and in June 2023 we were pleased to announce our entering into a two-year option agreement for the Nara project, 
covering  45  gold  claims  in  western  Zimbabwe.  Kavango  has  rapidly  commenced  exploration  there  and 
subsequent to the year end was able to declare a maiden resource for the tailings. These have the advantage of 
being  low-cost  to  mine,  at  surface,  and  subject  to  further  work  may  offer  a  stream  of  near-term  cashflow, 
augmenting our financial resources (without dilution) to explore in Zimbabwe.  

Subsequently Kavango entered into an exclusive 6-month option, later extended to 23 April 2024, to acquire two 
gold exploration projects in Matabeleland, southern Zimbabwe, referred to as Hillside and Leopard. The Hillside 
project covers 409 hectares and contains a historic high-grade underground mine that produced a reported 18,000 
ounces of gold from ore at a grade of 7.7 grams per tonne over a strike length of more than 350m. 

The Leopard project comprises two groups of claims within trucking distance of Nara and located on an adjacent 
greenstone belt. It is found in a favourable regional setting, surrounded by historical and modern gold producing 
mines. The Project is divided into two separate sites. Site One produced more than 2,000oz from ore grading 
3.5g/t gold. Site Two contains three claims that are believed to be an extension of a historic mine (not part of the 
property) that is reported to have produced more than 1Moz gold from ore at an average grade of more than 
15g/t. Kavango believes Hillside and Leopard each have the potential to host bulk mineable gold deposits. 

• 

In July 2023 Kavango completed drilling of a hole on the Kalahari Suture Zone, KSZDD003, intended to test 
the B1 conductor target. This was successfully drilled to a depth of 606m, despite challenges of lack of water 
availability in the arid terrain, and sand cover. The hole passed through a sedimentary sequence and two intrusive 
bodies,  thought  to  be  of  Karoo  age.  No  sulphide  was  intersected,  however  a  Downhole  Electromagnetic 
("DHEM") survey was completed and confirmed that the  target had successfully been intersected.  While we 
were disappointed that B1 did not turn out to consist of significant nickel or copper sulphide, we believe we have 
an answer on this target. It appears the thicker carbonaceous material, containing coincident graphite and pyrite 
rich bands, with minor pyrrhotite veining, is the most probable conductive source.   

•  Kavango completed a strategic investment into gold mining, exploration, and development company Pambili 
Natural Resources Corporation ("Pambili") (TSX-V:PNN), in the form of a US$250,000 convertible loan made 
to Pambili. Following the conversion, Kavango will hold 16% of Pambili's total issued share capital. 

Pambili is active in Matabeleland in southern Zimbabwe, having established operations there in 2022. Pambili’s 
Golden  Valley  project  has  a  history  of  high-grade  underground  mining  and  gold  production.  Golden  Valley 
includes  a  functional  gold  processing  plant  and  stamp  mill,  two  historic  shafts  that  present  prospective 
exploration targets and near surface exploration potential to target a possible larger-scale deposit. Some small-
scale gold production continues at Golden Valley by way of toll-milling third-party ore through an on-site stamp 
mill. 

By taking a strategic interest in Pambili, Kavango is seeking to build on its first-mover advantage in Matabeleland 
by increasing its exposure to a third, highly prospective greenstone belt. Golden Valley is located on a separate 
greenstone belt to the one that hosts the Hillside and Nara projects for which we hold options, and a separate 
greenstone belt to the one that hosts the Leopard project over which we also hold an option. Involvement in an 
active operation will also provide Kavango with invaluable  operating know-how in parallel with the ongoing 
development of its own operations to generate early cash-flow. 

•  During Q3, Kavango commenced a 1,306m diamond drill campaign at the Hillside Project in Zimbabwe. This 

completed in January 2024 and results are due to be delivered in Q2 2024. 

• 

In December 2023, Kavango commenced an Airborne Electromagnetic and Gravity survey over its consolidated 
Kalahari Copper Belt project. Data is currently being processed, with drill targets to be confirmed. The Company 
expects to start drilling in the KCB in mid-Q2 2024. 

•  Subsequent  to  the  year  end,  in  March  2024,  Kavango  signed  its  first  contract  to  commence  immediate  gold 

mining operations at the Hillside Project. 

6 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
OPERATIONS REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued)  

I believe Kavango has successfully transitioned to position itself with a portfolio of well-understood projects that 
may offer lower technical risk than previous projects, and in parallel has achieved strong financial backing. Our 
teams on the ground are working hard to deliver successful exploration outcomes from these in 2024, and I look 
forward to updating all our shareholders as results come in.  

Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Chief Executive Officer 
17 April 2024 

7 

 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT  

David Smith (Non-Executive Chairman) 

David  is  a  solicitor  who  has  worked  in  corporate  finance and  the  equity  capital  markets  for  over  30  years  with 
considerable practical experience of corporate  governance, regulatory and compliance issues, and advised junior 
mining companies extensively throughout his career. From January 2016 to March 2021, he was a partner in Druces 
LLP, the Company’s solicitors. 

Peter Wynter Bee (Non-Executive Director) 

Peter is an experienced lawyer who has focused on financing and managing mining companies. He has a strong 
experience in joint venture negotiations and raised project finance. Peter has raised capital for the development of 
projects since 1990. He was a founder of Reunion Mining plc which developed a gold mine in Zambia, a copper 
mine in Zimbabwe and the Skorpion zinc mine in Namibia prior to its takeover by Anglo-American. He is currently 
Founder  and  Chairman  of  Moxico  Resources  plc  a  copper  mining  company  with  projects  in  Zambia  and  Saudi 
Arabia. 

Matthew Benjamin (“Ben”) Turney (Chief Executive Officer) 

Ben is an experienced participant in London and North America’s small cap financial markets. He joined Kavango’s 
board in January 2021 and became CEO in June that year. Since then, he has played the lead role in overhauling the 
Company’s business model. Ben has led all capital raises and managed shareholder relations. He has made key hires 
to the business, recruited strategic partnerships, and restructured all operations in Botswana and London. Ben has 
played a crucial role in upgrading the Company’s exploration strategy and has worked with the board to deliver the 
Company’s strategy. 

Brett Grist (Chief Operating Officer) 

Brett graduated in Mining Geology from the Royal School of Mines and has spent more than  25 years in mineral 
exploration and development across Africa, the Middle East and Europe, covering base and precious metals, for 
companies  including  Reunion  Mining  and  CASA  Mining.  He  has  played  a  leading  role  on  a  range  of  projects, 
including in advancing from early exploration through resource definition, feasibility, and into development. Brett 
is an FAusIMM with CP status. 

Hillary Nyakunengwa Gumbo (Executive Director) 

Hillary was born in Matobo district of Zimbabwe in 1962. He graduated from the University of Zimbabwe (UZ) 
with a BSc in Geology and Physics (Honours) in 1984. In 1986, he graduated with an MSc Exploration Geophysics 
(UZ).  He  worked  for  Zimbabwe  Mining  Development  Corporation  from  1986  to 1990 when  he  joined  Reunion 
Mining (Zimbabwe) Ltd until 1999. He has worked as a geophysical consultant for a number of companies in Africa 
and the Middle East such as Mawarid Mining and Rockover Resources.  He was involved in the exploration and 
evaluation of Rockover’s Dokwe Gold Project in Zimbabwe. He has been involved in a number of discoveries which 
include  chrome  at  Anglo  America’s  Inyala  mine,  Zimbabwe,  Maligreen  gold  deposit  and  many  kimberlites  in 
Zimbabwe. In 2009 he setup 3D Earth Exploration in Botswana, a geophysical contracting and consulting company. 
In 2011, with Mike Moles he set up Kavango Minerals to explore for iron ore and base metals in Botswana. He is a 
Zimbabwean citizen, with Botswana residence status. 

Jeremy S. Brett (Executive Director) 

Jeremy is a senior Geophysical Consultant with 30 years of international mineral exploration in most commodities. 
He has a strong background in geology, structural geology, ore deposit models, project management and strategy. 
He has a B.Sc. in Geophysics and an M.Sc. in Geology from the University of Toronto. He has consulted to more 
than  100  of  Canada’s  leading  junior  and  major  exploration  and  mining  companies  and  governments  on  five 
continents. Jeremy is a Professional Geoscientist registered in Ontario, Canada. 

8 

 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

The Directors present their strategic report on the group for the year ended 31 December 2023. 

Principal Activity 

Kavango Resources Plc (“the Company”) is a public limited company which is listed on the main market of the 
London Stock Exchange and incorporated and domiciled in the United Kingdom. Its registered address is Salisbury 
House, London Wall, Suite 425, London UK EC2M 5PS.  

The Company is the parent company of Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd (“Kavango Botswana”), and Kanye Resources 
(Pty) Ltd (“Kanye”), registered and domiciled in Botswana. The Company also owns 90% of Shongwe Resources 
(Pty)  Ltd,  and  90%  of  Ashmead  Holdings  (Pty)  Ltd,  and  Icon-Trading  Company  (Pty)  Ltd,  all  registered  and 
domiciled in Botswana. The Company owns 100% of Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Limited, a company registered 
and domiciled in Zimbabwe. The Company is also the parent company of Navassa  Resources Ltd, domiciled in 
Mauritius. 

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) is exploration for base and precious metals 
in Botswana and Zimbabwe. 

Business Review  

Details  of  the  Company’s  strategy,  exploration  activities,  results  and  prospects  are  set  out  in  the  Chairman’s 
Statement and in the Operations Report on pages 5 to 7. 

The Directors were pleased to welcome an investment in the period of £6,000,000 by Purebond Limited, which in 
challenging  market  conditions  has  allowed  the  Company  to  continue  its  exploration  work  and  to  expand  into 
Zimbabwe. This investment consisted of the issue of 600,000,000 shares at a price of 1p, representing a premium to 
the then prevailing share price. 

As a result of this the Company has been able to acquire additional licences in Botswana, consolidating an already 
extensive mineral exploration rights position in the copper belt of western Botswana, and to commence exploration 
on three projects in Zimbabwe. 

Principal Risks and Uncertainties 

The Directors have identified the following principal risks in regard to the Group’s future.  The relative importance 
of risks faced by the Group can, and is likely to, change as the Group executes its strategy and as the external business 
environment evolves. 

Strategic risk 

The  Group’s  strategy  may not  deliver  the  results  expected by  shareholders.  The  Directors  regularly monitor  the 
appropriateness  of  the  strategy,  taking  into  account  both  internal  and  external  factors,  together  with  progress  in 
implementing  the  strategy,  and  modify  the  strategy  as  may  be  required  based  on  developments  and  exploration 
results. Key elements of this process are the Group’s monthly reporting and regular Board meetings. 

Concentration risk 

The  Group has  six  core  exploration  assets  being  licences covering  the  Kalahari  Copper  Belt  (“KCB”),  Kalahari 
Suture Zone (“KSZ”) Project, and Ditau in Botswana, and options over claims covering the Hillside, Leopard, and 
Nara projects in Zimbabwe. This totals a large area, together in excess of 19,000km2, and also covers two countries, 
which  the  Board  considers  significantly  mitigates  against  this  risk.  Nevertheless,  the  Board  understands  the 
importance of regularly reviewing its strategy and of regularly assessing other opportunities in the Botswana and 
Zimbabwe market and/or internationally.

9 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued) 

Exploration risk 

Exploration at the KCB, KSZ, Ditau, Hillside, Leopard, and Nara Projects may not result in success.  

Whilst the Directors endeavour to apply what they consider to be the latest technology to assess projects, the business 
of exploration for and identification of minerals and metals, is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. The 
mineral and metal potential of the Group’s projects may not contain economically recoverable volumes of minerals, 
base metals, or precious metals of sufficient quality or quantity. To mitigate this risk, the Group continues to evaluate 
additional  opportunities,  and  where  possible  and  appropriate,  to  acquire  options  over  ground  to  enable  some 
exploration to be conducted before completing an acquisition.  

Even  if  there  are  economically  recoverable  deposits,  delays  in  the  construction  and  commissioning  of  mining 
projects or other technical difficulties may make the deposits difficult to exploit. The exploration and development 
of any project may be disrupted, damaged, or delayed by a variety of risks and hazards which are beyond the control 
of  the  Group.  These  include  (without  limitation)  geological,  geotechnical,  and  seismic  factors,  environmental 
hazards, technical failures, adverse weather conditions, acts of God and government regulations or delays. 

Exploration  is  also  subject  to  general  industrial  operating  risks,  such  as  equipment  failure,  explosions,  fires  and 
industrial accidents, which may result in potential delays or liabilities, loss of life, injury, environmental damage, 
damage to or destruction of property and regulatory investigations. The Group may also be liable for the mining 
activities  of  previous  miners  and  previous  exploration  works.  Although  the  Group  intends,  itself  or  through  its 
operators, to maintain insurance in accordance with industry practice, no assurance can be given that the Group or 
the operator of an exploration project will be able to obtain insurance coverage at reasonable rates (or at all), or that 
any coverage it obtains will be adequate and available to cover any such claims. The Group may elect not to become 
insured because of high premium costs or may incur a liability to third parties (in excess of any insurance cover) 
arising from pollution or other damage or injury. 

Environmental, social, and related regulatory risks 

In relation to the Group’s existing projects the environmental impact to date is limited to activities associated with 
exploration. The ultimate development of any project into a mining operation will inevitably impact considerably 
on the local landscape and communities. Some of these projects sit in an area of considerable natural beauty, or in 
areas where local communities are engaged in artisanal mining, and therefore there could be opposition to mining 
by some parties. This may impact on the cost and/or the Group’s ability to sell or move these projects into production. 

While the Group believes that its operations and future projects are currently, and will be, in substantial compliance 
with all relevant material environmental and health and safety laws and regulations, including relevant international 
standards, there can be no assurance that new laws and regulations, or amendments to, or stringent enforcement of, 
existing laws and regulations will not be introduced.   

Nevertheless, the Group will continue to vigorously apply international standards to the design and execution of any 
and all of its activities, including engagement and consultation with local communities, and non-governmental and 
Governmental organisations to ensure any impacts of current and future activities are minimised and appropriately 
managed.  The Group has established a comprehensive suite of health, safety, environmental and community policies 
which will continue to underpin all future activities. 

Financing 

The  successful  exploration  or  exploitation  of  natural  resources  on  any  project  will  require  significant  capital 
investment. The only sources of financing currently available to the Group are through the issue of additional equity 
capital in the Company or  through bringing in partners to fund exploration and development costs. The Group’s 
ability to raise further funds will depend on the success of their investment strategy and conditions in financial and 
commodity markets. The Group may not be successful in procuring the requisite funds on terms which are acceptable 
to it (or at all) and, if such funding is unavailable, the Group may be required to reduce the scope of its investments 
or anticipated expansion. 

10 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued) 

Political, economic, and regulatory regime 

The licences and operations of the Group are in jurisdictions outside the United Kingdom and accordingly there will 
be a number of risks which the Group will be unable to control. Whilst the Group will make every effort to ensure 
it has robust commercial agreements covering its activities, there is a risk that the Group’s activities will be adversely 
affected by economic and political factors such as the imposition of additional taxes and charges, cancellation or 
suspension of licences and changes to the laws governing mineral exploration and operations. 

The Group’s activities will be dependent upon the grant of appropriate licences, concessions, leases, permits, and 
regulatory consents that may be withdrawn or made subject to limitations. There can be no assurance that they will 
be granted or renewed or if so, on what terms. There is also the possibility that the terms of any licence may be 
changed other than as represented or expected. 

Dependence on key personnel  

The Group is dependent upon its executive management team and various technical consultants. While it has entered 
into contractual agreements with the aim of securing the services of these personnel, the retention of their services 
cannot be guaranteed. The development and success of the Group depends on its ability to recruit and retain high 
quality and experienced staff. The loss of the service of key personnel or the inability to attract additional qualified 
personnel as the Group grows could have an adverse effect on future business and financial conditions.  

Nevertheless, through programmes of incentivising staff, appropriate succession planning, and good management 
these risks can be largely mitigated. 

Uninsured risk 

The Group, as a participant in exploration and development programmes, may become subject to liability for hazards 
that cannot be insured against or third-party claims that exceed the insurance cover. The Group may also be disrupted 
by a variety of risks and hazards that are beyond its control, including geological, geotechnical, and seismic factors, 
environmental hazards, industrial accidents, occupation and health hazards and weather conditions or other acts of 
God. 

Other business risks 

In addition to the current principal risks identified above and those disclosed in note 24 to the financial statements, 
the Group’s business is subject to risks relating to the financial markets and commodity markets. The buoyancy of 
both the aforementioned markets can affect the ability of the Group to raise funds for exploration.  The Group has 
identified certain risks pertinent to its business including: 

Strategic and Economic: 

•  Business environment changes 
•  Limited diversification 

Operational: 

Human Resources and Management: 

• 
Failure to recruit and retain key personnel 
•  Human error or deliberate negative action 
• 

Inadequate management processes 

•  Difficulty in obtaining / maintaining / 

Financial: 

renewing Licences / approvals 

•  Restrictions  in  capital  markets  impacting 

•  Drilling brings inherent risk as it is subject to 

available financial resources 

unknown ground conditions  

Commercial: 

Failure to maximise value from the projects 

• 
•  Loss of interest in key assets 
•  Regulatory compliance and legal 

•  Cost escalation, inflation and budget overruns 
• 
Fraud and corruption 
•  Unexpected  adverse 
currency markets 

fluctuations 

the 

in 

The  Directors  regularly  monitor  such  risks,  using  information  obtained  or  developed  from  external  and  internal 
sources, and will take actions as appropriate to mitigate these.  Effective risk mitigation may be critical to the Group 
in achieving its strategic objectives and protecting its assets, personnel, and reputation. The Group assesses its risk 
on an ongoing basis to ensure it identifies key business risks and takes measures to mitigate these. Other steps include 
regular  Board  review  of  the  business,  monthly  management  reporting,  financial  operating  procedures,  and  anti-
bribery management systems. The Group reviews its business risks and management systems on a regular basis. 

11 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued) 

Key performance indicators 

The  ongoing  performance  of  the  Group  is  managed  and  monitored  using  the  following  key  financial  and  non-
financial indicators (“KPIs”) on a monthly basis: 

Progress with exploration, monitoring licence commitments and environmental compliance; and 

• 
•  Cash management – sufficient to meet its obligations as they fall due. 

Where any KPI shows a variance early action is taken to identify the causes and to address the issue. The Directors 
are satisfied with the Group’s performance for the year as the Group is either on track or ahead of its licence spending 
commitments  and  has  been  able  to  control  costs  despite  inflationary  pressures.  The  Company  has  continued  to 
successfully raise finance to support its working capital requirements and exploration programme.    

Capital structure 

The Company’s capital consists of ordinary shares which rank pari passu in all respects which are traded on the 
Standard List segment of the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange. There are no restrictions on the transfer 
of  securities  in  the  Company  or  restrictions  on  voting  rights  and  none  of  the  Company’s  shares  are  owned  or 
controlled by employee share schemes.  There are no arrangements in place between shareholders that are known to 
the  Company  that  may  restrict  voting  rights,  restrict  the  transfer  of  securities,  result  in  the  appointment  or 
replacement of  Directors,  amend  the  Company’s  articles  of  association  or  restrict  the  powers  of  the  Company’s 
Directors,  including  in  relation  to  the  issuing  or  buying  back  by  the  Company  of  its  shares  or  any  significant 
agreements to which the Company is a party that take  effect after or terminate upon, a change of control of the 
Company following a takeover bid or arrangements between the Company and its Directors or employees providing 
for compensation for loss of office or employment (whether through resignation, purported redundancy or otherwise) 
that may occur because of a takeover bid. 

The task force on climate-related financial disclosures 

The  task  force  on  climate-related  financial  disclosures  (“TCFD”)  aim  to  provide  investors,  lenders,  and  other 
stakeholders with information necessary to assess climate-related risks and opportunities. The Group takes various 
actions  throughout  local  operations  to  mitigate  the  potential  impacts  of  the  Group’s  activities.  The  Directors 
recognise the benefits of disclosing climate-related financial information, but due to the Group’s small scale and 
stage  of  development,  have  not  yet  fully  implemented  the  TCFD  recommendations.  The  Directors  will  work  to 
evaluate and implement the TCFD recommendations over the next three years. 

12 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STRATEGIC REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued) 

Section 172(1) Statement - Promotion of the Company for the benefit of the members as a whole 

The Directors believe they have acted in the way most likely to promote the success of the Company for the benefit 
of its members as a whole, as required by s172 of the Companies Act 2006 (the “Companies Act"). 

The requirements of s172 are for the Directors to: 

•  Consider the likely consequences of any decision in the long term, 
•  Act fairly between the members of the Company, 
•  Maintain a reputation for high standards of business conduct, 
•  Consider the interests of the Company’s employees, 
•  Foster the Company’s relationships with suppliers, customers and others, and 
•  Consider the impact of the Company’s operations on the community and the environment. 

The Company operates as a minerals exploration business which is inherently speculative in nature and, without 
regular income, is dependent upon fund-raising for its continued operation. The pre-revenue nature of the business 
is important to the understanding of the Company by its members, employees and suppliers, and the Directors are 
as transparent about the cash position and funding requirements as is allowed under FCA regulations.  

The application of the s172 requirements can be demonstrated in relation to the some of the key decisions made 
during 2023: 

•  Updated Corporate Governance Policy: during 2023 the Corporate Governance Policy was updated to 
is  available  at 

it  remains  relevant  and 

is  upheld.  This 

that  s172 

ensure 
https://kavangoresources.com/about-us/corporate-governance 

to  ensure 

that 

•  Remunerate the Directors with share options in lieu of cash: during the year, having decided on a plan 
to raise new funds to finance operations, the Directors also decided that to maximise funds available for 
exploration the Directors would be remunerated in part by share options instead of cash. This has the added 
benefit of more fully aligning the interests of the Directors with those of the members.  

•  Growing our position in Botswana: having established our presence in Botswana and developed a good 
working  relationship  with  the  Department  of  Mines,  additional  licences  were  acquired  in  Botswana  to 
consolidate and upgrade an already extensive holding. 

•  Expanding into Zimbabwe: during 2023 the Company acquired options over three projects in Zimbabwe. 
These provide geographical and commodity diversification, and the Company considers these to offer lower 
technical risk.  

•  Ethical  responsibility  to  the  community  and  the  environment:  the  Board  takes  seriously  its  ethical 
responsibilities to the communities and environment in which it works.  We abide by the local and relevant 
UK  laws  on  anti-corruption  and  bribery.  Wherever  possible,  local  communities  are  engaged  in  the 
geological  operations  and  support  functions  required  for  field  operations,  providing  much  needed 
employment and wider economic benefits to the local communities. In addition, we follow international 
best practice on environmental aspects of our work.  Our goal is to meet or exceed standards, in order to 
ensure we obtain and maintain our social licence to operate from the communities with which we interact. 
Examples of our social projects have included support to local schools. We have a 100% Botswana national 
in-country team and in excess of 90% of our permanent team in Zimbabwe is of Zimbabwe nationals. 

This Strategic Report was approved by the Board of Directors and is signed on its behalf by: 

Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Director 
17 April 2024 

13 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023  

The Directors present their annual report on the affairs of the Group and Company, together with audited financial 
statements, for the year ended 31 December 2023.  

Review of business and future developments 

A review of the current and future development of the Group’s and Company’s business is included in the Strategic 
Report. 

Subsequent events 

Details of subsequent events after the year end are disclosed in note 27 to the financial statements. 

Dividends 

The Directors do not propose a dividend in respect of the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: none). 

Directors 

The Directors of the Company who served during the year and up to the date of signing this report are as follows: 

David Smith 
Matthew Benjamin (Ben) Turney  
Hillary Gumbo 
Brett Grist  
Peter Wynter Bee  
Jeremy S. Brett 

(appointed 1 January 2023) 
(appointed 1 January 2023) 

Directors’ interests in the ordinary share capital of the Company at the date of this report are disclosed within the 
Directors’ Remuneration Report. 

Directors’ indemnities 

The Company has made qualifying third party indemnity provisions for the benefit of its Directors which were made 
during the year and remain in force at the date of this report 

Use of financial instruments and financial risk management 

Details of the use of financial instruments and associated risk management by the Group are included in note 24 to 
the financial statements. 

Substantial shareholders 

As of 21 February 2024 (being the closest relevant data for which data has been provided), the Company had been 
notified, in accordance with chapter 5 of the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules or via disclosures under 
s.793 of the Companies Act, of the following voting rights of 3% or more in its issued share capital: 

Party name 
Purebond Limited 
Jarvis Investment Management Ltd 
Peter Wynter Bee* 
Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers 
Total 

*Includes shares held by Wynter Bee Resources Limited 
Total shares in issue: 1,305,569,314 

Capital structure 

Number of ordinary shares  % of share capital 
52.47 
5.70 
5.47 
5.37 
69.08 

685,000,000 
75,395,232 
71,468,182 
70,086,591 
901,950,005 

Details of the capital structure of the Company are included in the Strategic Report and note 20 to the financial 
statements. 

14 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (Continued) 

Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use 

Given the nature of its activities which can include airborne geophysics and the operation of drill rigs, the Group is 
conscious of greenhouse gas emissions. The Directors are mindful of their responsibilities in this regard and strive 
to seek opportunities where improvements may be made. Examples of actions on this include installation by the 
Company of solar power and battery storage for its office and exploration camp in Zimbabwe. The Group is exempt 
from the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) requirements since its energy consumption is less than 
40,000 kWh per annum.  

Going concern 

The  consolidated  and  company  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  on  a  going  concern  basis.  In  assessing 
whether  the  going  concern  assumption  is  appropriate,  the  Directors  have  considered  all  relevant  available 
information about the current and future position of the Group, including the Group’s cash position and the required 
level of spending on exploration and corporate activities for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of 
signing these financial statements.  

As part of the assessment, the Directors have noted that in order to sustain the minimum level of exploration spending 
required by the Group’s licence conditions and minimum corporate overheads a further fundraising will be required 
within  the  next  12  months.  Successful  completion  of  future  fundraisings  is  inherently  uncertain  and  therefore 
constitutes  a  material  uncertainty  that  may  cast  significant  doubt  on  the  Group’s  ability  to  continue  as  a  going 
concern . However, encouraged by positive results of the Group’s exploration activities in Zimbabwe, the Directors 
have ambitious plans to further expand the Group’s foothold in the country and are therefore in active discussion 
with current and potential shareholders who have indicated their support. The Directors are therefore confident that 
they will be able to obtain sufficient working capital to support the Group’s operations and are satisfied that it is 
appropriate  to  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of  accounting  in  the  preparation  of  these  financial 
statements. 

Political donations 

The Group made no political donations during the year (2022: none). 

Auditors and disclosure of information to auditors 

Each Director in office at the date of approval of this report has confirmed that:  

- 

- 

so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company’s auditors are 
unaware; and  
each Director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware 
of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company’s auditors are aware of that information. 

The  Group’s  auditors,  PKF  Littlejohn  LLP,  have  indicated  their  willingness  to  continue  in  office  and,  on 
recommendation of the Audit and Risk Committee, a resolution that they should be re-appointed will be proposed 
at the annual general meeting of the Company. 

The Corporate Governance Report forms part of this report. 

This report sets out the information the company and the Group are required to disclose in the Directors’ report in 
compliance with the Companies Act, the Financial Conduct Authority’s Listing Rules (Listing Rules), the Disclosure 
Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTRs), and the QCA Code. This report should be read in conjunction with the 
Strategic Report set out on pages 9 to 13 and the Corporate Governance Report set out on pages 16 to 25. Together, 
the Strategic Report, this Directors’ Report, and other sections of the Corporate Governance report incorporated by 
reference, when taken as a whole, form the Management Report as required under Rule 4.1.5R of the DTRs. 

This Directors’ Report was approved by the Board of Directors on 17 April 2024 and is signed on its behalf by; 

Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Director 

15 

 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

This report forms part of the Strategic Report. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  Kavango  Resources  plc  (‘Kavango’  or  ‘the  Company’)  has  a 
responsibility to ensure that Kavango has a sound corporate governance policy and an effective Board. 

As a company listed on the Standard Segment of the Official List of the UK Listing Authority, the Company is not 
required to comply with the provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code. However, the Board is committed 
to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and, so far as appropriate given the Company’s size and the 
constitution of the Board, looks to comply with the QCA Code. 

In light of the Company’s size and recent history, during the year, the Company has deviated from the QCA Code 
in  the  respects  outlined  below.  The  Board  continues  to  review  its  governance  arrangements,  aided  by  the 
appointment of Peter Wynter Bee as a Non-Executive Director in January 2023. In the year the Company revised 
the composition of the Audit and Risk Committee, reinstated the Remuneration Committee, and commenced a Board 
Evaluation process. Governance policies were also comprehensively reviewed.  

-  The  provisions  relating  to  the  composition  of  the  Board  and  the  division  of  responsibilities  were  not 
complied with during the year as the Board felt these provisions to be inappropriate, given the size of the 
Company and the limited scope of its activities. 

-  The Board do not consider an internal audit function to be required given the size of the Company and 

relatively limited number of transactions. 

-  A diversity policy as applied to the Company’s administrative management and supervisory bodies has not 
yet been developed but biographies of Directors and senior management and their relevant experiences are 
set out on page 8. 

- 

Implementation of Board evaluation remains ongoing. 

The Board considers that the Company complies with the QCA code so far as is practicable having regard to the 
size, nature and current stage of development of the Company.  

The Directors are responsible for internal control in the Company and for reviewing effectiveness. Due to the size 
of the Company, all key decisions are made by the Board. The Directors have reviewed the effectiveness of the 
Company’s  systems  during  the  period  under  review  and  consider  that  there  have  been  no  material  losses, 
contingencies or uncertainties due to weaknesses in the controls. 

Details of the Company’s business model and  strategy are included  in the Chairman’s Statement, the Operations 
Report, and the Strategic Report. 

The  sections  below  set  out  how  the  Group  applies  the  principles  of  the  QCA  Code  and  sets  out  areas  of  non-
compliance. 

16 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

1.  Establish a strategy and business model which promote long-term value for shareholders  

The  Company is involved with  precious and  base metal exploration in Botswana and Zimbabwe. Our goal is to 
deliver long term value for our shareholders. We aim to do this by identifying good quality grassroots and early-
stage exploration projects and advancing these. Consequently we: 

• 
• 

• 

use our expertise to identify those areas with potential for discovery of economically feasible deposits; 
assess  the  business  environment  of  Botswana, Zimbabwe, and other potential target territories  and  their 
attractiveness for prospecting and eventual mining operations; and 
understand  existing  interests  in  prospecting  licence  areas  in  order  to  ensure  we  can  earn-in  to  existing 
interests on terms favourable to our shareholders. 

Early-stage mineral exploration is by its nature speculative, and we aim to reduce the risks inherent in the industry 
by careful application of funds throughout individual projects. We do this by: 

•  Reviewing existing exploration data and projects, using a stage-gate approach; 
•  Establishing close in-country partnerships and financing for our projects; 
•  Applying  the  most  appropriate  yet  cost-effective  exploration  techniques  in  order  to  determine  whether 

further work, using increasingly expensive exploration techniques, is justified; and 

•  Appreciating  the  likely  realisation  routes  that  will  be  available  to  us  as  a  project  moves  towards  

development. 

Key challenges include: 

•  Technical  risk;  the  risk  of  not  being  successful  in  finding  a  mineral  deposit.  This  is  minimised  by  a 
combination of selection of favourable ground, use of appropriate exploration methods, and employment 
of skilled personnel. 

•  Social  licence  to  operate;  the  risk  that  exploration  results  in  negative  community  response.  This  is 
minimised by carrying out consultation ahead of work, ensuring that open routes of communication are 
established,  and  by  being  part  of  the  community;  maximising  local  benefits  such  as  employment, 
implementing community projects where appropriate, and minimising negative impacts. 

•  Availability of funding; this is mitigated by the employment of senior personnel who are able to identify 

opportunities for funding, where possible on equitable terms for the company. 

•  Availability of personnel; shortage of suitable team members, or issues with retention. The Company has 
to compete with other mining industry employers. It has been successful in offering a range of interesting 
employment  on  attractive  financial  terms  to  its  employees.  The  Company  is  keen  to  nurture  talent  and 
encourages further study, including sponsoring an employee in Botswana to complete a further degree and 
working to created student collaborations with universities in Zimbabwe and the UK. 

•  Risks to the Company’s Prospecting Licences; risk of cancellation. Botswana has a clearly stated mining 
law, which sets out requirements for applying for and maintaining Prospecting Licences. The Company 
continuously monitors its licences for compliance and maintains dialogue with the mines department. In 
Zimbabwe  mineral  rights  are  not  presently  held  directly  by  the  Company  but  are  instead  held  through 
Options  with  third  party  companies.  The  Company  endeavours  to  carry  out  due  diligence  on  both  the 
underlying Claims and third-party companies, and to identify and mitigate any areas of uncertainty. 
•  Political Risk; Botswana has historically had a  stable government. The next elections are scheduled for 
2024 and are expected to be peaceful and democratic. In Zimbabwe elections were successfully held in 
2023, the government is stable but there is potential for reviews of legislation, which can cause a lack of 
fiscal stability for an investor. 

2.  Seeking to understand and meet shareholder needs and expectations  

The Company is committed to engaging with its shareholders to ensure that its strategy, operational results, and 
financial performance are clearly understood. We engage with our shareholders via online presentations, roadshows, 
attending  investor  conferences  and  through  our  regular  reporting  on  the  London  Stock  Exchange.  LSE 
announcements include details of the website, X (formerly known as Twitter) page and include phone numbers   to 
contact the Company and its professional advisors. 

Private shareholders 

The Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) continues to be available as a forum for dialogue between retail shareholders 
and the Board. The Notice of Meeting is sent to shareholders at least 21 days before the meeting. Subject to travel 
limitations all Directors endeavour to attend the AGM and to be available to answer questions raised by shareholders. 
The  results  of  the  AGM  are  announced  via  the  London  Stock  Exchange.  In  addition,  the  Executive  Directors 
regularly attend investor forums specific to the mining industry and engage with shareholders at those events.  

17 

 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

Investors can contact us via our website (https://www.kavangoresources.com/) or by email at 
corporate@kavangoresources.com. 

Retail  shareholders  also  regularly  attend  investor  evenings  held  by  our  broker  or  other  industry  bodies  and  we 
publicise  our attendance via LSE  announcements and  X (formerly known as  Twitter). In addition, our corporate 
presentations are made available on our website. 

Institutional shareholders 

The Directors actively seek to build a relationship with institutional shareholders. Shareholder relations are managed 
primarily by the Directors. The Directors make presentations to institutional shareholders and analysts throughout 
the year through events such as the 121 Group. We also have ad-hoc meetings with our shareholders via conference 
calls, online presentations, and email. The Board as a whole is kept informed of the views and concerns of major 
shareholders by the Chief Executive Officer. Any significant investment reports from analysts are also circulated to 
the Board. The Non-Executive Chairman is available to meet with major shareholders if required to discuss issues 
of importance to them and is considered to be independent from the executive management of the Company. 

3.  Take  into  account  wider  stakeholder  and  social  responsibilities  and  their  implications  for  long-term 

success 

Aside from our shareholders, our most important stakeholder groups are our employees, local partners and those 
local communities that may be impacted by our exploration activities. The Board is regularly updated on stakeholder   
issues and their potential impact on our business to enable the Board to understand and  consider these issues in 
decision-making. The Board understands that maintaining the support of all its stakeholders is paramount for the 
long-term  success  of  the  Company.  The  operational  team  make  contact  with  landowners  and  residents  prior  to 
commencing work in an area and aim to maintain open dialogue. Regular briefings and meetings are held with in-
country government officials from the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Green Technology and Energy Security in 
Botswana, and the Ministry of Mines and Mining Development in Zimbabwe, as well as civic leaders.  

Employees 

We maintain only a small permanent staff in Botswana and Zimbabwe, and a very small team in the UK. Employee 
engagement with the Directors is frequent with regular calls held with the in-country management. The executive 
directors regularly visit the project sites and meet the employees, and two directors, including the CEO (as of 2024) 
reside in Zimbabwe. The Company has sponsored an employee to study internationally for a master’s degree, funds 
professional memberships for appropriate team members, and has funded attendance at conferences. 

Corporate Culture 

We empower our employees to work in a mutually respectful and safe environment where they can make suggestions 
and contribute to the Company’s success. Example interactions include health and safety and technical items. The 
Company is keen to support its workforce, providing training to expand capabilities, and favourable working terms 
that include support for healthcare. The Company is still at an early stage but has already developed a culture for 
our in-country operations where employees are mutually respectful, and where gender or ethnicity are no barrier to 
progression.  

Local partners and communities 

Our operations provide  employment in remote areas of Botswana and Zimbabwe. Essential to our success is the 
establishment  of  close  working  relationships  with  local  partners.  We  seek  local  partners  who  have  a  good 
understanding of the local exploration and mining industry and regulations within the country, and with the capacity 
and capability to assist with the management and maintenance of the project. 

We are mindful of our obligations to the local environment and operate to high levels of health and safety in respect 
of both our local workers and the local community.  Employee training focuses on operating safely and considerately 
in these communities. Engagement with local communities is dependent on jurisdiction and the stage of exploration 
but is typically by public forum or with local or regional leaders, including site visits and workshops. Social projects 
in the local communities are dependent on local needs and also the stage of exploration/level of project investment. 
Examples of our social projects have included support to local schools including hygiene needs, computer hardware, 
and prizes. 

As projects move forward, towards potential mining activities, we will seek to bring in partners who can credibly 
make the investments move towards mine production. In doing so we have regard for their ability and desire to move 
projects  forward,  their  industry  reputation  and  their  commitment  to  treating  the  local  communities  fairly  and 
protecting the environment. We enter agreements that allow us to monitor their activities and have monthly updates 
on project progress. 

18 

 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

4.  Embed effective risk management, considering both opportunities and threats, throughout the 

organisation  

Audit, risk, and internal controls 

(i)  Financial controls 

The Company has a framework of internal financial controls, the effectiveness of which is regularly reviewed 
by   the  Directors  and  the  Audit  and  Risk  Committee,  and  which  was  updated  in  2023.  The  key  financial 
controls are: 

-  The  Board  is  responsible  for  reviewing  and  approving  overall  Company  strategy,  approving  new 
exploration  projects and budgets, and for determining the  financial  structure of the Company including 
treasury, tax, and dividend policy. Monthly cash flow forecasts are reported to the Board; 

-  The Audit and Risk Committee  assists the Board in discharging its duties regarding the financial statements, 
accounting  policies and the maintenance of proper internal business, and operational and financial controls; 

-  Regular budgeting and forecasting are performed to monitor the Company’s ongoing cash requirements 

and cash flow forecasts are reported to the Board on a bimonthly basis; 

-  Actual results are reported against budget and prior year and are circulated to the Board; 

-  Regular reviews of exploration results are performed as the basis for decisions regarding future expenditure 

commitment, using a stage-gate methodology; 

-  Due  to  the  international  nature  of  the  business,  there  are,  at  times,  significant  foreign  exchange  rate 
movement  exposures. Cash flow forecasting is done at the ‘required currency’ level and foreign currency 
balances are maintained to meet expected requirements; and 

-  We  manage  exploration  risk  of  failure  to  find  economic  deposits  by  low  cost  early-stage  exploration 
techniques  with  detailed  analysis  of  results.  Moving  projects  to  more  expensive  exploration  techniques 
requires a rigorous review of results data prior to deciding whether to proceed with further work.  

(ii)  Non-financial controls 

The  Board  has  ultimate  responsibility  for  the  Company’s  system  of  internal  control  and  for  reviewing  its 
effectiveness. However, any such system of internal control can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance 
against material misstatement or loss. The Board considers that the internal controls in place are appropriate for the 
size, complexity, and risk profile of the Company. The principal elements of the Company’s internal control system 
include: 

•  Close management of the day-to-day activities of the Company by the Executive Directors; 

•  An organisational structure with defined levels of responsibility, which promotes entrepreneurial decision- 

making and rapid implementation while minimising risks; and 

•  Central control over key areas such as capital expenditure authorisation and banking facilities. 

The Company regularly reviews the effectiveness of its system of internal control, whilst also having regard to its 
size and the resources available, and extensive improvements to its internal controls were implemented during the 
year. As part of the Company’s plans, we continue to review a number of non-financial controls covering areas such 
as regulatory compliance, business integrity, health and safety, and corporate  social responsibility. A register of 
Conflicts of Interest is maintained. Standard Operating Procedures have been developed for any high safety risk 
activities, and Risk Assessments are  carried out for new  activities. Safety Performance is measured through key 
metrics. All employees are made aware on joining of their obligations under anti-bribery and corruption legislation, 
and this is also reflected in the Company’s key contracts. 

The Company’s risk appetite and risk tolerance are outlined in the Strategic Report on pages 9 to 11. 

19 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

5.  Maintain the board as a well-functioning, balanced team led by the chair  

Two new Board members, Jeremy S. Brett (Executive Director), and Peter Wynter Bee (Independent Non-Executive 
Director) were appointed following a review of the required skills and consideration of appropriate candidates. These 
appointments became effective  on 1 January 2023. The new Directors have  extensive  relevant experience in the 
mining industry. Mike Moles stepped down from the Board on 31 August 2022 but continued to work with the Company 
in a consultancy capacity until early 2023. Following these changes, the Board currently comprises a Non-Executive 
Chairman, four Executive Directors and one  additional Independent Non-Executive Director. David Smith is the 
Non-Executive Chairman. Non-Executive Director Peter Wynter Bee purchased additional shares in the Company during 
the year, resulting in a shareholding at year end of 5.47%. The investment was carried out at arm’s length and the Board 
consider that this does not affect Mr. Wynter Bee’s independence as a Director. 

The Directors seek to keep their skills up to date through continuing professional development and attending relevant 
courses. Directors from a technical discipline are encouraged to maintain professional accreditation. 

The Board is working to improve balance between independence on the one hand, and knowledge of the Company 
and  industry  on  the  other,  to  enable  it  to  discharge  its  duties  and  responsibilities  effectively.  All  Directors    are 
encouraged to use their independent judgement and to challenge all matters, whether strategic or operational, as they 
feel appropriate. 

The Company Secretary provides support to the Board on further enhancing compliance with the QCA Code. They 
also provide on-boarding training to newly appointed directors and  lead regular review of Company Policies and 
reporting.  

Non-Executive Director, Peter Wynter Bee, has the role of Chair of the Audit and Risk Committee. 

For most of the financial year 2023, the Board met bimonthly, with additional meetings for specific items as required. 
The agenda is set by the Company Secretary in consultation with the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The 
standard agenda points include: 

•  Review of previous meeting minutes and actions arising therefrom; 

•  Reports by the Executive Directors covering operational and financial matters; 

•  Exploration updates; and 

•  Any other business including update of Register of Conflicts. 

Directors’ conflict of interest 

The Company has effective procedures in place to monitor and deal with conflicts of interest. The Board is aware of 
the other commitments and interests of its Directors, and changes to these commitments and interests are reported to 
and, where appropriate, agreed with the rest of the Board. A Register of Conflicts is maintained and is a standard 
agenda item at each Board meeting. The Directors have access to the Company’s advisers, its broker, and its lawyers.  

Board meetings are deemed quorate if two Board members are present, provided due notice of such meeting has been 
given to or waived by the non-attending Directors. 

Directors and Officers Liability insurance is maintained for all Directors. Employer’s Liability insurance is also in 
effect. 

The table below sets out Directors’ attendance at Board meetings held during 2023: 

Director 

David Smith 
Ben Turney 
Hillary Gumbo 
Brett Grist 
Jeremy S. Brett 
Peter Wynter Bee 

Position 
Chairman (Independent) 
Chief Executive Officer 
Executive Director 
Chief Operating Officer 
Executive Director 
Non-Executive Director 

Attendance 
14/16 
  15/16 
  14/16 
15/16 
14/16 
13/16 

20 

 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

6.  Ensure that between them the directors have the necessary up to date experience, skills and capabilities 

The Board is satisfied that, between the Directors, it has an effective and appropriate balance of skills and experience, 
particularly so in the area of precious and base metal exploration and development. All Directors receive regular and 
timely information on the Company’s operational and financial performance, circulated to the Directors in advance 
of meetings.  

The appointments to the Board of Peter Wynter Bee and Jeremy S. Brett were announced in December 2022 and their 
appointments took effect on 1 January 2023.  Mr. Wynter Bee joined the Company as a Non-Executive Director and 
is an experienced lawyer who has focused on financing and managing mining companies. Mr. Brett joined Kavango 
as an Executive Director. He is a senior geophysical consultant with 28 years international mineral exploration in 
most commodities and has a strong background in geology, structure, ore deposit models, project management & 
strategy. 

All Directors have disclosed any significant commitments to the Board and confirmed that they have sufficient time 
to discharge their duties. The CEO and COO work in excess of 40 hours per week for the Company, and the other 
Executive  Directors  regularly  work  between  10  and  40  hours  on  the  Company’s  business.  The  Non-Executive 
Directors regularly spend up to 10 hours per week on the Company’s business, and more when needed.   

All Directors retire by rotation at regular intervals in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association. 

The  Directors’  biographies  can  be  found  on  page  8  of  this  Report  and  on  the  Company’s  website 
(https://www.kavangoresources.com/about-us/directors-management). 

In addition, the following Directors are also directors of the Company’s subsidiaries: Hillary Gumbo is a director 
of Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd, Shongwe Resources (Pty) Ltd, Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Ltd, and Navassa 
Resources  Ltd;  Ben  Turney  is  a  director  of  Kanye  Resources  (Pty)  Ltd,  Kavango  Zimbabwe  (Private)  Ltd, 
Ashmead Holdings (Private) Ltd, and Icon Trading (Private) Ltd; and Brett Grist is a director of Kanye Resources 
(Pty) Ltd, Shongwe Resources (Pty) Ltd, Kavango Minerals Pty Ltd, Ashmead Holdings (Private) Ltd, and Icon 
Trading (Private) Ltd. All Directors and senior employees within the Group are male. There is no formal diversity 
policy in place due to the current size of the Group, however the Directors remain committed to diversity among 
our staff and leadership team, and this is revisited each year. 

Policy for new appointments 

Base  salary  levels  will  take  into  account  market  data  for  the  relevant  role,  internal  relativities,  the  individual’s 
experience, and their current base salary. Where an individual is recruited at below market norms, they may be re-
aligned over time (e.g., two to three years), subject to performance in the role. Benefits are paid in accordance with 
the approved Remuneration Policy outlined in the Remuneration Report. 

Policy on payment for loss of office 

Payment for loss of office would be determined by the Board, taking into account contractual obligations. 

Independent advice 

All Directors are able to take independent professional advice in the furtherance of their duties, if necessary, at the 
Company’s expense from lawyers, broker, and other professional advisors that they deem relevant. In addition, the 
Directors have direct access to the advice and services of the Company Secretary. 

7.  Evaluate board performance based on clear and relevant objectives, seeking continuous improvement  

During the financial year ended 31 December 2023 a board evaluation was initiated and is not yet complete. Aided 
by the addition of new board members in January 2023, including expansion of non-Executive members, the board 
is achieving measurement of progress relative to objectives. 

A detailed strategy has been defined for the Company and is used as a benchmark to measure the performance of 
the  Company  and  team  moving  forwards.  Progress  reviews  are  held  periodically  to  assess  progress  against  key 
metrics. 

21 

 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

8.  Promote a corporate culture that is based on ethical values and behaviours 

The Board aims to lead by example and do what is in the best interests of the Company. We operate in remote and 
under-developed  areas  and  ensure  our  employees  understand  their  obligations  towards  the  environment  and  in 
respect of anti-bribery and corruption. 

Regular calls attended with senior employees serve to refresh and re-iterate the Company’s ethical standards as   they 
apply to the operational issues that are discussed on that call. 

All  employees  are  informed  of  responsibilities  with  regard  to  anti-bribery  and  corruption  when  they  join  the 
Company. Contracts with suppliers also reflect these requirements.   

Employees are required to treat each other with respect and to not tolerate any form of discrimination. A formal 
grievance process is in place, ensuring that employees may voice concerns.  

Further information on the corporate culture can be found under principle 3 above. 

9.  Maintain structures and  processes that are fit for  purpose and support good decision-making by the 

board  

Board programme 

The Board meets every two months and holds additional ad hoc meetings as and when required. The Board sets 
direction for the Company through a formal schedule of matters reserved for its decision.  

The Board and its Committees receive appropriate and timely information prior to each meeting; a formal agenda is 
produced for each meeting and Board and Committee papers are distributed by the Company Secretary. Any Director 
may challenge Company proposals and decisions are taken democratically after discussion. Any Director who feels 
that  any  concern remains unresolved after discussion may ask for that concern to be noted in the minutes of the 
meeting, which are then circulated to all Directors. Any specific actions arising from such meetings are agreed by 
the Board   or relevant Committee and are tracked for action by the Company’s management. 

Roles of the Board, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer 

The Board is responsible for the long-term success of the Company and for the overall Company strategy. There is 
a formal schedule of matters reserved to the Board, including approval of exploration projects; approval of the annual    
and interim results; annual budgets; dividend policy; and Board structure. The Board also monitors the exposure to 
key business risks.  

There is a clear division of responsibility at the head of the Company. The Chairman is responsible for running the 
business of the Board and for ensuring appropriate strategic  focus and direction. The Chief Executive Officer is 
responsible for proposing the strategic focus to the Board, implementing it once it has been approved and overseeing 
the management of the Company. Together with  the Chief  Operating  Officer and  other  senior  employees,  he  is 
responsible  for  establishing  and  enforcing  systems  and  controls,  and  liaison  with  external  advisors.  He  has 
responsibility for communicating with shareholders, assisted by other senior employees. 

All  Directors  receive  regular  and  timely  information  on  the  Company’s  operational  and  financial  performance. 
Relevant  information  is  circulated  to  the  Directors  in  advance  of meetings.  The business  reports  monthly  on  its 
headline performance against its agreed budget, and the Board reviews the monthly update on performance and any 
significant variances are reviewed at each meeting. Senior executives below Board level are invited to attend Board 
meetings when deemed appropriate by the Chief Executive or Chairman, to present business updates. 

22 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

Board Committees and Policies 

Audit and Risk Committee 

The  Audit  and  Risk  Committee  is  chaired  by  Peter  Wynter  Bee  and  includes  David  Smith.  The  Committee  is 
responsible, amongst other things, for monitoring the Group’s financial reporting, external and internal audits and 
controls,  including  reviewing  and  monitoring  the  integrity  of  the  Group’s  annual  and  half-yearly  financial 
statements, reviewing and monitoring the extent of non-audit work undertaken by external auditors, advising on the 
appointment  of  external  auditors,  overseeing  the  Group’s  relationship  with  its  external  auditors,  reviewing  the 
effectiveness of the external audit process and reviewing the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control review 
function. The ultimate responsibility for reviewing and approving the annual report and accounts and the half-yearly 
reports remains with the Board. The  Audit and Risk Committee gives due consideration to laws and regulations, the 
provisions of the Quoted Companies Alliance (“QCA”) Code and the requirements of the Listing Rules.  

Specific risks are set out in the Strategic Report on pages 9 to 11.  

The Remuneration Committee 

The Remuneration Committee is chaired by David Smith and includes Peter Wynter Bee. 

Remuneration issues are presented for approval by the full Board, with any conflicted  directors abstaining from 
decision-making as appropriate. 

Key  remuneration-related  activities  which  occurred  during  the  year  included  inflation-related  increases  for  all 
directors, bonus payments for Ben Turney and Brett Grist, and Company-wide pay proposals.  

Dividend policy 

The Company has never declared or paid any dividends on the Ordinary Shares. The Company currently intends to  
pay dividends on future earnings, if any, when it is commercially appropriate to do so. Any decision to declare and  
pay dividends will be made at the discretion of the Board and will depend on, among other things, the Company’s 
results of operations, financial condition and solvency and distributable reserves tests imposed by corporate law and 
such other factors that the Board may consider relevant. The Company’s current intention is to retain any earnings 
for use in its business operations and the Company does not anticipate declaring any dividends in the foreseeable 
future. 

Anti-bribery and corruption policy 

The Company has adopted an Anti-Corruption and Bribery Policy. It applies to the Directors and all employees of 
the Company. The Board believes that the Group, through its internal controls, has appropriate procedures in place    
to reduce the risk of bribery and that all employees, agents, consultants, and associated persons are made fully aware 
of the Group’s policies and procedures with respect to ethical behaviour, business conduct and transparency. 

Health and safety 

The safety of the Group’s employees and contractors is critical to its operations. 

Kavango aims to prevent all incidents and accidents at its operations and in a reasonably practicable manner and 
strives to minimise hazards inherent in the working environment. 

The  Company  is  committed  to  providing  a  working  environment  that  is  conducive  to  good  health  and  safety; 
managing risks in the workplace and surveillance of workplaces and employees; complying with applicable legal 
requirements;  ensuring  that  appropriate  resources,  training  and  personal  protective  equipment  are  provided  to 
improve occupational health and safety; ensuring that employees and contractors have the relevant skills to perform 
work-related tasks in a safe manner and that they are aware of their individual health and safety obligations and 
rights. 

Environmental policy 

Kavango plans  to  undertake  its  exploration  activities  in  a  manner  that  strives  to  minimise  or  eliminate  negative 
impacts and maximise positive impacts of an environmental or socio-economic nature.  The Company is committed 
to responsible stewardship of natural resources and the ecological environment. 

The Company aims to continually improve its environmental performance and the prevention of pollution, reduce 
or control the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste and to reduce adverse environmental 
impacts;  the  integration  of  environmental  management  into  management  practices  throughout  the  Company; 
rehabilitate  disturbed  land  as  much  as  possible  and  protect  environmental  biodiversity;  protect  cultural  heritage 
resources;  comply  with  applicable  legal  requirements;  and  train  and  educate  employees  in  environmental 
responsibilities. 

23 

 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

During drilling  operations,  the  Company  aims  to  limit  any  areas  cut  or  cleared,  and  to restore  these  afterwards. 
Biodegradable drilling fluids are used, and any spills are recorded. The Company is keen to reduce its use of fossil 
fuels and has installed solar power energy supplies for its exploration camp and offices in Zimbabwe. 

Social policy 

Kavango aims to minimise potential negative social impacts while promoting opportunities and benefits for host 
communities. 

The  Company  is  committed  to  continually  improving  community  development  and  community  investment 
programmes through monitoring, measuring, and managing our social and economic impacts; placing local people 
at the centre of development by helping to build their capacity to control their own development. The Company 
seeks to maximise local employment; all our Botswana based team are Botswana nationals, and in excess of 90% of 
our Zimbabwe team are Zimbabwean nationals. Community initiatives have included assistance to a rural school, 
benefiting female education of a disadvantaged community, and provision of computer hardware to a school. 

10. Communicate  how  the  Company  is  governed  and  is  performing  by  maintaining  a  dialogue  with 

shareholders     and other relevant stakeholders 

The Company communicates with shareholders through the Annual Report and Accounts, full-year, and half-year 
results announcements, the (AGM) and one-to-one meetings with large existing or potential new shareholders. The 
Company regularly posts LSE announcements covering operational and corporate matters, such as drilling results 
and  significant  changes  in  ownership  positions  across  projects  that  it  acquires  or  divests.  A  range  of  corporate 
information (including all Company announcements and a corporate presentation) is also available to shareholders, 
investors and the public on the Company’s corporate website, https://www.kavangoresources.com/ and also on its 
X (formerly known as Twitter) feed @KAV. 

The  Board  maintains  that,  if  there  is  a  resolution  passed  at  a  general  meeting  with  20%  votes  cast  against,  the 
Company will seek to understand the reason for the result and, where appropriate, take suitable action. Notices of 
general meetings can be found here: https://www.kavangoresources.com/investor-relations/notices. All 2023 AGM 
resolutions were passed comfortably. The votes on all resolutions were taken on a poll to ensure that full shareholder 
representation was reflected. 

The  Board  receives  regular  updates  on  the  views  of  shareholders  through  briefings  and  reports  from  Investor 
Relations advisors, the CEO, Directors, and the Company’s broker. The Company communicates with institutional 
investors frequently  through  briefings  with  management.  In  addition,  analysts’  notes  and  brokers’  briefings  are 
reviewed to     achieve a wide understanding of investors’ views. 

The items included in this report are unaudited unless otherwise stated. 

24 

 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT (continued) 

Statement of policy on Directors’ remuneration 

At the AGM in 2021 the shareholders of the Company adopted a formal remuneration policy as laid out in the 2020 
Annual Report and summarised below.  

The  Company’s  policy  is  to maintain  levels  of  remuneration  so  as  to  attract,  motivate, and  retain  Directors  and 
Senior Executives of the highest calibre who can contribute their experience to deliver industry-leading performance 
with the Company’s operations.  The Company is nonetheless mindful of the need to balance this objective with the 
fact that it is pre-revenue. The  Board and senior members of staff continue largely to be remunerated through a 
combination of modest salaries or fees, and the grant of  share options, and as a result the  total salaries and fees 
payable to directors have been unusually modest. As the Company continues to grow it has developed a more long-
term  and  sustainable  policy,  which  continues  to  align  the  interests  of  directors  and  senior  staff  with  those  of 
shareholders while recognising that new hires will not initially have a significant equity position. Accordingly, it is 
likely that compensation packages for executive directors in particular will need to move over time to a level more 
consistent  with  the  market.  As  the  scale  of  the  Company’s  operations  grow  it  is  also  likely  that  executive 
remuneration will need to rise to a level comparable with that of other international companies in our industry, and 
to reflect requirements to relocate to local jurisdictions from time to time. 

Currently Directors’ remuneration is not subject to specific performance targets. The Company is sufficiently small 
that the Remuneration Committee does not consider that it is necessary to impose such targets as a matter of principle 
but believes that exceptional performance can be rewarded on an ad hoc basis.  The Board has not adopted a specific 
policy with regard to share option grants; nonetheless the use of share options will continue to be an important part 
of the compensation packages both for executive and non-executive directors, particularly until such time as the 
Company is generating cash from operations. 

During  the  reporting  period  the  Board  considered  the  remuneration  of  directors  and  senior  staff  and  their 
employment  terms  and  made  recommendations  on  the  overall  remuneration  packages.  The  Remuneration 
Committee considers the remuneration of directors and senior staff, in alignment with the Company’s policy and 
makes  recommendations  to  the  Board.  No  Director  takes  part  in  any  decision  directly  affecting  their  own 
remuneration. 

25 

 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT 

Directors’ remuneration 

The Directors who held office during the year and their appointment dates are listed in the Directors’ Report on page 
14. 

Directors’ service contracts  

All Directors have rolling service contracts with the Company which have notice periods of no more than 12 months 
on either side. Contracts are available for inspection at the Company’s Registered offices. 

Remuneration components 

The fees offered to Directors for the year ended 31 December 2023 consisted of a mix of: 

•  Salaries and fees;  
•  Ad hoc bonus payments; and 
•  Share incentive arrangements. 

Directors’ emoluments and compensation (audited) 

Set out below are the emoluments of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2023:  

Year to 31 December 2023 

  a. 
Salary  

$126,467  

$56,206  

$28,496  

$126,467   

$30,631 

$158,281 

Ben Turney 

David Smith 

Hillary Gumbo 

Brett Grist 

Peter Wynter Bee 

Jeremy S. Brett 

c. Other items 
in nature of 
remuneration 
(incl. annual 
bonus). 

b. 
Taxable 
benefits. 

c. Long-
term 
incentive 
awards). 

e. 
Pension 
related 
benefits. 

$63,662 

- 

- 

$12,732  

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

g. Total Fixed 
Remuneration:  

$190,129  

$126,467  

$56,206  

$28,496  

$56,206  

$28,496  

- 

- 

- 

$2,626   $141,825  

$129,092  

- 

- 

$30,631 

$158,281  

$30,631 

$158,281 

h. Total 
Variable 
Remuneration:  

-  

- 

- 

-  

- 

For comparison the emoluments of the Directors who served during the year ended 31 December 2022 are set out 
below:  

Year to 31 December 2022 

c. Other items 
in nature of 
remuneration 
(incl. annual 
bonus). 

b. 
Taxable 
benefits. 

c. Long-
term 
incentive 
awards). 

e. 
Pension 
related 
benefits. 

  a. 
Salary  

$113,260  

$50,338  

$111,036 

$103,978  

Ben Turney 

David Smith 

Hillary Gumbo 
Brett Grist1 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Former directors who served during the year 
Mike Moles2 

$17,726  

- 

$111,385 

- 

- 

$37,128 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

- 

Total 

$224,644  

$50,338   

$111,036  

- 

- 

- 

$4,233 

$145,339 

g. Total Fixed 
Remuneration:  

$113,260 

$50,338 

$111,036 

$108,211 

h. Total 
Variable 
Remuneration:  

$111,385 

- 

- 

$37,128 

- 

$17,726 

$17,726   

 - 

1 Brett Grist’s remuneration is in respect of the period from his appointment on 7 February 2022. 
2 Resigned 31 August 2022.

26 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Other items (audited) 

Ben  Turney  and  Brett  Grist  were  awarded  bonuses  in  the  period  in  recognition  of  their  efforts  in  moving  the 
Company forward. As a result, an element of remuneration was variable however, the majority was fixed as per the 
above table.  

Total pension entitlements (audited) 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company continued to make payments into a money purchase pension 
scheme for Brett Grist.  The Company did not make pension contributions for any of the other Directors and did not 
pay pension amounts in relation to their remuneration.  

The Company has not paid out any excess retirement benefits to any Directors or past Directors.  

Payments to past directors and for loss of office (audited) 

The Company has not paid any compensation to past Directors for loss of office during the year.  

Directors’ interests in share options as at 1 January 2023 (audited) 

The  Directors’  interests  in  share  options  at  the  beginning  of  the  financial  year  or,  if  later,  on  the  date  of  the 
appointment of the person as a director of the company, are presented in the table below. 

Director 

Interest 
type 

Date of 
Grant 

Exercise 
price 

Number 

Hillary Gumbo 

Option 

06/11/2018 

£0.025 

2,400,000 

Option 

01/05/2019 

£0.025 

280,000 

Option 

01/05/2019 

£0.028 

500,000 

Option 

05/05/2020 

£0.008 

500,000 

Option 

10/08/2021 

£0.075 

1,000,000 

Ben Turney 

Option 

09/02/2021 

£0.033 

2,000,000 

Option 

10/08/2021 

£0.075 

4,500,000 

Subject to 
performance 
measures? 

No 

No 

No 

No 

Exercisable only once 
the Company’s share 
price has closed at not 
less than 15 pence on 
five trading days 
No 

Exercisable only once 
the Company’s share 
price has closed at not 
less than 15 pence on 
five trading days 

David Smith 

Option 

09/02/2021 

£0.033 

1,500,000 

No 

Jeremy S. Brett 

Option 

04/01/2022 

£0.03 

3,000,000 

No 

Vesting date 

06/11/2018 

01/05/2019 

01/05/2019 

05/05/2020 

50% vest no earlier 
than 12 months from 
grant and 50% vest 
no earlier than 24 
months from grant 
50% vest no earlier 
than 12 months from 
grant and 50% vest 
no earlier than 24 
months from grant 
50% vest no earlier 
than 12 months from 
grant and 50% vest 
no earlier than 24 
months from grant 

50% vest no earlier 
than 12 months from 
grant and 50% vest 
no earlier than 24 
months from grant 
31/10/2023 

Expiry 
date 

04/11/2028 

01/05/2029 

01/05/2029 

05/05/2030 

10/08/2028 

09/02/2031 

10/08/2028 

09/02/2031 

01/12/2028 

27 

 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Share scheme interests awarded during the year (audited) 

The following new share options were awarded to Directors during the year ended 31 December 2023. In each case 
the options have a 7 year term. No share options were exercised by Directors during the year. 

Director 

Interest 
type 

Date of 
Grant 

Exercise 
price 

Number 

Subject to performance 
measures? 

Vesting 
date 

Expiry 
date 

Hilary Gumbo 

Option 

15/3/2023 

£0.03 

2,820,000 

Option 

17/11/2023 

£0.011 

1,500,000 

Ben Turney 

Option 

15/03/2023 

£0.03 

5,000,000 

Option 

15/03/2023 

£0.03 

5,000,000 

David Smith 

Option 
Option 

17/11/2023 
15/03/2023 

£0.011 
£0.03 

40,000,000 
2,000,000 

Option 

17/11/2023 

£0.011 

1,500,000 

Brett Grist 

Option 

15/03/2023 

£0.03 

6,000,000 

Option 

17/11/2023 

£0.011 

2,500,000 

Jeremy S. Brett 

Option 

15/03/2023 

£0.03 

3,500,000 

Option 

17/11/2023 

£0.011 

2,500,000 

Peter Wynter Bee  Option 

15/03/2023 

£0.03 

2,000,000 

Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
No 

Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
No 
Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
No 

Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
No 

Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 
No 

Exercisable only once the 
Company’s share price has 
closed at not less than 6 pence 
on five trading days 

31/10/2023 

20/01/2030 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2030 

15/03/2023 

20/01/2030 

31/10/2023 

20/01/2030 

17/11/2023 
31/10/2023 

17/11/2030 
20/01/2030 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2030 

31/10/2023 

20/01/2030 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2030 

31/10/2023 

20/01/2030 

17/11/2023 

17/11/2030 

31/10/2023 

20/01/2030 

Directors’ interests in the share capital of the Company: 

The table below shows the Directors interests in shares and warrants, including those held by connected persons, as 
at year end.  

Although there are no shareholding guidelines for Non-Executive Directors, they are each encouraged to hold shares 
in the Company. The Company believes this provides alignment with the interests of other shareholders and that it 
does not affect their independence. 

Name of Director 

Number of 
ordinary shares 
held 31 
December 2023 
15,220,551 
16,520,137 
173,939 
2,273,424 
- 
71,468,182 

Number of 
ordinary shares 
held 1 January 
2023 
8,970,551 
16,520,137 
173,939 
920,245 
- 
6,218,182 

Ben Turney 
Hillary Gumbo 
David Smith 
Brett Grist 
Jeremy S. Brett 
Peter Wynter Bee1 
1 Including holdings by Wynter Bee Resources Limited 
2 Warrants expired during the year 

Number of 
warrants held 31 
December 2023 

Number of 
warrants held 1 
January 2023 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
5,000,000 

7,460,2282   
2,625,0002   
- 
- 
- 
- 

28 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION REPORT (continued) 

Consideration of employment conditions elsewhere in the Group 

The Directors have not consulted with employees about executive pay but consider that the current remuneration of 
Executive Directors is consistent with pay and employment benefits across the wider Group.  

UK 10-year performance graph 

The Directors have considered the requirement for a UK 10-year performance graph comparing the Group’s Total 
Shareholder Return with that of a comparable indicator. The Directors do not currently consider that including the 
graph will be meaningful because the Company is not paying dividends and is currently incurring losses. In addition, 
and as mentioned above, the remuneration of Directors is not currently directly linked to share price performance, 
and  therefore  the  inclusion  of  this  graph  is  not  considered  to  be  useful  to  shareholders  at  the  current  time.  The 
Directors will review the inclusion of this table for future reports. 

UK 10-year CEO table and UK percentage change table 

The Directors have considered the requirement for a UK 10-year CEO table and UK percentage change table. The 
Directors do not currently consider that including these tables would be meaningful as remuneration is not currently 
linked to share price  performance, therefore any comparison across years or with the employee group would be 
significantly skewed and would not add any information of value to shareholders. The Directors will review the 
inclusion of this table for future reports. 

Relative importance of spend on pay 

The Directors have considered the requirement to present information on the relative importance of spend on pay 
compared to shareholder dividends paid. Given that the Company does not currently pay dividends the Directors 
have not considered it necessary to include such information. 

Other matters 

The Company does not currently have any annual or long-term incentive schemes in place for any of the Directors, 
other than the share options disclosed above and as such there are no additional disclosures in this respect. 

Approved by the Board on 17 April 2024. 

David Smith 
Chairman 

29 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIES 

The  Directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report,  Strategic Report,  Directors’ Report,  Governance 
Report and Directors’ Remuneration Report along with the financial statements in accordance with applicable law 
and regulations. 

Company  law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare  financial  statements  for  each  financial  year.  Under  that  law  the 
Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting 
Standards and in conformity with the Companies Act 2006.  

Under Company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give 
a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for 
that year. The Directors are also required to prepare financial statements in accordance with the rules of the London 
Stock Exchange for companies with a Standard Listing. 

In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to: 

• 
• 
• 

• 

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; 
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; 
state  whether  applicable  accounting  standards  have  been  followed,  subject  to  any  material  departures 
disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and 
prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  concern  basis  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the 
Company will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the 
Company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company 
and  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with  the  Companies  Act  2006.  They  are  also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. 

The Directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included 
on the Company’s website. Legislation in the United Kingdom governing the preparation and dissemination of the 
accounts and the other information included in annual reports may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions. 

Directors’ responsibility statement pursuant to Disclosure and Transparency Rules 

Each of the Directors, whose names and functions are listed on page 8, confirm that to the best of their knowledge 
and belief: 

• 

• 

the financial statements prepared in accordance with UK-adopted International Accounting Standards and in 
conformity with the Companies Act 2006, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position 
and loss of the Company and Group; and 
the  Annual  Report  and  financial  statements,  including  the  Strategic  Report,  include  a  fair  review  of  the 
development and performance of the business and the position of the Company and Group, together with a 
description of the principal risks and uncertainties that they face. 

This responsibility statement was approved by the Board of Directors on 17 April 2024 and is signed on its behalf 
by; 

Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Director

30 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023  

Opinion  

We have audited the financial statements of Kavango Resources Plc (the ‘parent company’) and its subsidiaries (the 
‘group’) for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Total Comprehensive 
Income,    the  Consolidated  and  Parent  Company  Statements  of  Financial  Position,  the  Consolidated  and  Parent 
Company Statements of Changes in Equity, the Consolidated and Parent Company Statements of Cash Flows and 
notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that 
has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and UK-adopted international accounting standards and as 
regards the parent company financial statements, as applied in accordance with the provisions of the Companies Act 
2006.  

In our opinion:  

• 

• 

• 

• 

the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the group’s and of the parent company’s affairs 
as at 31 December 2023 and of the group’s loss for the year then ended;  
the  group  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted  international 
accounting standards;  
the  parent  company  financial  statements  have  been  properly  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted 
international  accounting  standards  and  as  applied  in  accordance  with  the  provisions  of  the  Companies  Act 
2006; and  
the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.  

Basis for opinion  

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable 
law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of 
the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance 
with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s 
Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities 
in  accordance  with  these  requirements.  We  believe  that  the  audit  evidence  we  have  obtained  is  sufficient  and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  

Material uncertainty related to going concern 

We draw attention to note 2a) to the financial statements, which indicates that the group will require further funding 
in  the  next  12  months  in  order  to  sustain  its  budgeted  level  of  exploration  spending  and  to  meet  the  minimum 
corporate  overheads.  For  the  year  ended  31  December  2023,  the  group  incurred  losses  from  operations  of 
US$3,293,000  and  continues  to  generate  losses  due  to  the  group  not  being  revenue  generative  in  the  year.  The 
group’s ability to meet all of the operating costs and budgeted spend requirements on the group’s exploration licences 
for the next 12 months from the date of signing the financial statements is reliant on the group raising further finance. 
The directors are confident in their ability to raise the necessary funds to enable the group to meet their obligations. 
These events or conditions, along with the other matters as set forth in note 2a), indicate that a material uncertainty 
exists that may cast significant doubt on the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Our opinion 
is not modified in respect of this matter. 

In  auditing  the  financial  statements,  we  have  concluded  that  the  director’s  use  of  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors’ assessment 
of the group’s ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included: 

•  Challenging the directors’ forecasts prepared to assess the group’s and parent company’s ability to meet its 
financial obligations as they fall due for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial 
statements. We have assessed the reasonableness of the forecasts based on comparing them to previous years, 
current year management accounts and supporting evidence; and 

•  Critically  assessed  the  disclosure  made  within  the  financial  statements  for  consistency  with  management’s 

assessment of going concern s. 

Our  responsibilities  and  the  responsibilities  of  the  directors  with  respect  to  going  concern  are  described  in  the 
relevant sections of this report. 

31 

 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

Emphasis of matter 

We draw attention to notes 3a)(iv) and 20 of the financial  statements, which describe an amount of US$637,000 
(2022: US$693,000) that remains outstanding at the Statement of financial position date in respect of the November 
2022 share placing. Whilst the directors are confident that the balance will be obtained through receipt or re-issuance 
to other potential subscribers, the balance remains outstanding at the date of signing the financial statements. 

Our opinion is not modified in this respect. 

Our application of materiality  

Overall group materiality 2023 

Overall group materiality 2022 

Basis for overall group materiality 

US$395,000 

US$264,000 

2%  of  gross  assets  (2022:  2%  of 
gross assets) 

We applied the concept of materiality both in planning and performing our audit, and in evaluating the effect of 
misstatements. At the planning stage, materiality is used to determine the financial statement areas that are included 
within the scope of our audit and the extent of sample sizes during the audit. 

Our calculated level of overall materiality has increased from the previous year. This is predominantly due to the 
increase in asset balances as a result of fundraising during the year and engaging in further exploration activity. We 
do not consider the inherent risks to have increased and therefore consider materiality based on 2% of gross assets 
remains appropriate. 

We consider gross assets to be the most significant determinant of the group’s financial position and performance 
used by shareholders, with the key financial statement balances being intangible exploration and evaluation assets 
and cash and cash equivalents. The going concern of the group is dependent on its ability to fund operations going 
forward, as well as on the valuation of its assets, which represent the underlying value of the group. 

The group was audited to a level of overall materiality of US$395,000 (2022: US$264,000), the parent company 
overall materiality was set at  US$394,999 (2022: US$263,999) with performance materiality set at  US$237,000 
(2022: US$158,400) for the group and $236,999 (2022: US$158,399) for the parent company, being 60% (2022: 
60%) of materiality of the group and parent company financial statements as a whole. The performance materiality 
is  based  on  our  assessment  of  the  relevant  risk  factors,  including  previous  experience  of  misstatements, 
management’s  attitude  towards  proposed  adjustments,  and  the  level  of  estimation  inherent  within  the  group  and 
parent company.  

We agreed with the Audit Committee that we would report to the committee all audit differences identified during 
the course of our audit in excess of our triviality level of US$19,750 (2022: US$13,200) for the group and US$19,749 
(2022: US$ 10,500) as well as differences below that threshold that we believe warranted reporting on qualitative 
grounds. 

Our approach to the audit 

In designing our audit, we determined materiality and assessed the risk of material misstatement in the financial 
statements. In particular, we considered the areas involving significant accounting estimates and judgements by the 
directors, and including future events that are  inherently uncertain, in particular the carrying value of intangible 
assets,  the  carrying  value  of  investments  in  subsidiaries  and  recoverability  of  intercompany  receivables  (parent 
company only), the valuation of share options and warrants and related party transactions. We also addressed the 
risk of management override of internal controls, including among other matters, consideration of whether there was 
evidence of bias by the directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. Procedures were then 
performed to address the risks identified and for the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement, the 
procedures performed are outlined below in the Key audit matters section of this report. 

An audit was performed on the financial information of the group’s significant operating components which, for the 
year ended 31 December 2023, were located in the United Kingdom and Botswana, with the group’s accounting 
functions being based in the UK and Botswana. 

The Botswanan components were audited by a component auditor operating under our instruction. The audits were 
performed both for consolidation purposes as well as local statutory purposes. There was regular interaction with 

32 

 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

the component auditor during all stages of the audit, and we were responsible for the scope and direction of the audit 
process. 

Component  materiality  applied  ranged  between  US$294,000  and  US$101,000  with  performance  materiality  of 
between US$176,401 and US$60,600 respectively. 

We  obtained  and  reviewed  remotely  the  key  audit  working  papers  prepared  by  the  auditors  of  the  Botswanan 
component, which related to the work performed on the significant risks identified at group level. The component 
auditor also provided their findings to us which were reviewed and challenged accordingly. 

The  approach  detailed  above  gave  us  sufficient  appropriate  evidence  for  our  opinion  on  the  group  financial 
statements. 

Key audit matters  

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the 
financial statements of the current period and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement 
(whether  or  not  due  to  fraud)  we  identified,  including  those  which  had  the  greatest  effect  on:  the  overall  audit 
strategy, the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. These matters 
were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, 
and  we  do  not  provide  a  separate  opinion  on  these  matters.  In  addition  to  the  matter  described  in  the  material 
uncertainty related to going concern section we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit 
matters to be communicated in our report. 

Key Audit Matter 

How our scope addressed this matter 

Classification  and  carrying  value  of  Intangible 
Assets 

The group has material intangible assets in relation to 
capitalised  exploration  and  evaluation  costs  and  a 
balance  of  US$14,618,000 
the 
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at 31 
December 2023. 

is  reported 

in 

There is a risk that the carrying value of these assets 
have not been correctly measured in accordance with 
IFRS  6  Exploration  for  and  Evaluation  of  Mineral 
Resources    as  the  carrying  value  is  subject  to 
management judgement in respect of the indicator of 
impairment considerations.  

There is also the risk that additions to intangible assets 
the  year  have  not  been  appropriately 
during 
capitalised in line with IFRS 6. 

This  risk  is  considered  a  key  audit  matter  given  the 
material  balance  at  year  end  and  high  level  of 
estimation uncertainty. 

See note 11 to the financial statements.  

Carrying value of the investment in subsidiary and 
recoverability of intercompany receivables 

(Company only) 

Our work in this area included: 

•  Reviewing costs capitalised during the year under 
review,  including  the  considerations  made  in 
respect of their appropriateness for capitalisation 
in accordance with IFRS 6’s recognition criteria; 
•  Confirmation that the group has good title to the 
applicable  exploration  licences,  including  new 
licences obtained during the year;  

•  Reviewing  management’s  impairment  indicator 
the  key 
assessment  paper  and  challenging 
assumptions  and  inputs,  as  well  as  assessing 
whether there  were any impairment indicators in 
accordance with IFRS 6; and 

•  Ensuring that the disclosures made in the financial 
statements  are  in  accordance  with  IFRS  6  and 
other applicable accounting standards. 

Based  on  the  audit  procedures  performed,  we  found 
management’s  assessment  of  the  classification  and 
carrying value of intangible assets to be appropriate and 
the judgements and estimates applied reasonable. 

Investments  in  subsidiaries  and  intercompany  loans, 
as shown in Note 16 are significant assets in the parent 
company’s statement of financial position. Given the 
continuing losses, there is a risk that the investments 

Our work in this area included: 

•  Confirming of ownership of investments;  

33 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

in  subsidiaries  and  intercompany  loans  may  not  be 
fully recoverable. 

This risk is considered a key audit matter given that 
management judgement is required in determining the 
recoverable  value  of 
investments  and 
intercompany receivables which is linked to the future 
success  of  exploration  activities  and  profitability  of 
the subsidiaries. 

these 

See note 16 to the financial statements 

Other information  

•  Assessing  the  recoverability  of  investments  and 
to 

receivables  by 

reference 

intercompany 
underlying net asset values;  

•  Reviewing management’s impairment assessment 
of 
investments/intercompany  receivables  and 
challenging the key assumptions and inputs; and  
the  financial 

•  Ensuring  disclosures  made 
statements are adequate. 

in 

Based on the procedures performed, we consider if the 
carrying  value  of  investment  in  subsidiaries  to  be 
reasonable. 

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements 
and our auditor’s report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual 
report. Our opinion on the group and parent company financial statements does not cover the other information and, 
except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion 
thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information 
is  materially  inconsistent  with  the  financial  statements  or our  knowledge obtained  in  the  course  of  the  audit,  or 
otherwise  appears  to  be  materially  misstated.  If  we  identify  such  material  inconsistencies  or  apparent  material 
misstatements,  we  are  required  to  determine  whether  this  gives  rise  to  a  material  misstatement  in  the  financial 
statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement 
of this other information, we are required to report that fact.  

We have nothing to report in this regard. 

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006  

In our opinion the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance 
with the Companies Act 2006. 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:  

• 

• 

the  information  given  in  the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  for  the  financial  year  for  which  the 
financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and  
the  strategic  report  and  the  directors’  report  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  applicable  legal 
requirements.  

Matters on which we are required to report by exception  

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained 
in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors’ report.  

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires 
us to report to you if, in our opinion:  

•  adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have 

• 

not been received from branches not visited by us; or  
the parent company financial statements and the part of the directors’ remuneration report to be audited are not 
in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or 

•  certain disclosures of directors’ remuneration specified by law are not made; or  
•  we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.  

Responsibilities of directors  

As  explained  more  fully  in  the  statement  of  directors’  responsibilities,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  the 
preparation of the group and parent company financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and 
fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial 
statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.  

34 

 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

In  preparing  the  group  and  parent  company  financial  statements,  the  directors  are  responsible  for  assessing  the 
group’s and the parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related 
to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the 
group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.  

Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements  

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from 
material  misstatement,  whether  due  to  fraud or  error,  and to  issue  an  auditor’s  report  that  includes  our  opinion. 
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with 
ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error 
and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the 
economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.  

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in 
line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including 
fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: 

•  We obtained an understanding of the group and parent company and the sector in which they operate to identify 
laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a direct effect on the financial statements. We 
obtained our understanding in this regard through discussions with management, industry research, application 
of cumulative audit knowledge and experience of the sector.  

•  We determined the principal laws and regulations relevant to the group and parent company in this regard to 

be those arising from: 
o  Listing Rules 
o  Companies Act 2006 
o  The Bribery Act 2010 
o  Anti-Money Laundering Legislation 
o  Disclosure rules and Transparency rules for listed entities 
o  Local industry regulations in Botswana where exploration activity took place; and 
o  UK and Botswana tax and employment laws 

•  We designed our audit procedures to ensure the audit team considered whether there were any indications of 
non-compliance by the group and parent company with those laws and regulations. These procedures included, 
but were not limited to: 

o  Making enquiries of management 
o  Reviewing board minutes 
o  Reviewing legal and professional fees ledger accounts for evidence of any litigation or claims against 

the group;  

o  Reviewing Regulatory News Service (RNS) announcements; and 
o  Reviewing the group’s related party transactions and disclosures. 

•  We also identified the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud. We considered, 
in addition to the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk of fraud arising from management override of controls, 
that the  potential for management  bias was identified in relation to the  classification and carrying value of 
intangible  assets  and  the  carrying  value  of  investments  in  subsidiary  and  recoverability  of  intercompany 
receivables (parent company only) as described in the Key audit matters section of this report above. 

•  As  in  all  of  our  audits,  we  addressed  the  risk  of  fraud  arising  from  management  override  of  controls  by 
performing  audit  procedures  which  included,  but  were  not  limited  to:  the  testing  of  journals;    reviewing 
accounting estimates for evidence of bias; and evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions 
that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. Aside from the non-rebuttable presumption of a risk 
of fraud arising from management override of controls, we did not identify any significant fraud risks. 

•  We  communicated  with  component  auditors  throughout  the  audit  process  and  performed  the  following  in 
respect of matters of non-compliance with laws and regulations including fraud at the group and component 
levels: 

o  Making enquiries of component auditors; 
o  Reviewing correspondences with authorities; 
o  Reviewing nominals of legal expenses; and 
o  Reviewing component auditors’ work in these areas and obtaining their confirmation. 

35 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF KAVANGO RESOURCES 
PLC FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those 
leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation.  This risk increases 
the  more  that  compliance  with  a  law  or  regulation  is  removed  from  the  events  and  transactions  reflected  in  the 
financial  statements, as we  will be  less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also 
greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, 
forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. 

A  further  description  of  our  responsibilities  for  the  audit  of  the  financial  statements  is  located  on  the  Financial 
Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s 
report.  

Other matters which we are required to address  

We  were  appointed by  the  Board of directors on 20 March 2018 to audit the financial statements for the period 
ending 31 December 2017 and subsequent financial periods. Our total uninterrupted period of engagement is 7 years, 
covering the periods ending 31 December 2017 to 31 December 2023.  

The  non-audit  services  prohibited  by  the  FRC’s  Ethical  Standard  were  not  provided  to  the  group  or  the  parent 
company and we remain independent of the group and the parent company in conducting our audit. 

Our audit opinion is consistent with the additional report to the audit committee.  

Use of our report 

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with  Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the 
Companies Act 2006.  Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those 
matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone, other than the company and the company's members 
as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. 

Daniel Hutson (Senior Statutory Auditor)  
For and on behalf of PKF Littlejohn LLP 
Statutory Auditor 
17 April 2024

15 Westferry Circus 
Canary Wharf 
London E14 4HD 

36 

 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Continuing operations 
Administrative expenses 
Pre-licence exploration costs 
Other (losses)/gains – (loss)/gain on fair value of financial assets 

Loss before taxation 
Taxation 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

  Notes   

5 

6 
8 

(2,063)  
(1,153) 
(77)   

(3,293)  
- 

(2,218) 
- 
12  

(2,206)  
- 

Loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent 

(3,293)  

(2,206)  

Other comprehensive income 
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss: 
Currency translation differences 
Foreign exchange loss on liquidation of subsidiary  

Other comprehensive gain/(loss), net of tax 

676 
(7) 

669   

(545)  
- 

(545)  

Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to owners of the parent   

(2,624) 

(2,751)  

Earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to owners of the 
parent: 
Basic and diluted loss per share (cents) 

9 

(0.45) 

(0.49) 

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements. 

37 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Property, plant, and equipment 
Intangible assets 
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total current liabilities  

Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity  
Share capital 
Share premium 
Shares to be issued 
Share option reserve 
Warrant reserve 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Reorganisation reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Equity attributable to owners of the company 
Non-controlling interests 
Total equity 

  Notes 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

10 
11 

17 
15 
18 

19 

20 
20 

21 
22 

23 

352 
14,586 
14,938 

928 
378 
3,393 
4,699 

172 
9,679 
9,851 

1,151 
- 
2,265 
3,416 

19,637 

13,267 

1,284 
1,284 

1,284 

571 
571 

571 

18,353 

12,696 

1,663 
25,789 
- 
1,673 
609 
(350) 
(1,591) 
(9,626) 
18,167 
186 
18,353 

904 
19,296 
7 
913 
650 
(1,019)  
(1,591)  
(6,464) 
12,696 
- 
12,696 

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements. 

The consolidated financial statements of Kavango Resources Plc, company registered number 10796849, were approved 
by the board, and authorised for issue on 17 April 2024 and signed on its behalf by: 

……………………  
Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Director 

38 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Assets 
Non-current assets 
Investment in subsidiaries  
Total non-current assets 

Current assets 
Trade and other receivables 
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Total current assets 

Total assets 

Liabilities 
Current liabilities 
Trade and other payables 
Total liabilities 

Net assets 

Equity  
Share capital 
Share premium 
Shares to be issued 
Share option reserve 
Warrant reserve 
Foreign exchange reserve 
Accumulated losses 
Total equity  

  Notes 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

16 

17 
15 
18 

19 

20 
20 

21 
22 

16,856 
16,856 

11,825 
11,825 

759 
378 
3,205 
4,342 

925 
- 
2,214 
3,139 

21,198 

14,964 

1,065 
1,065 

466 
466 

20,133 

14,498 

1,663 
25,789 
- 
1,673 
609 
(140) 
(9,461) 
20,133 

904 
19,296 
7 
913 
650 
(885) 
(6,387) 
14,498 

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements.  

Under s408 of the Companies Act 2006 the Company is exempt from the requirement to present its own statement of 
comprehensive  income.  The  loss  after  tax  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2023  was  US$  3,205,000  (2022:  US$ 
2,054,000). 

The financial statements of Kavango Resources Plc,  company registered number 10796849, were approved by the 
board, and authorised for issue on 17 April 2024 and signed on its behalf by 

…………………… 
Matthew Benjamin Turney 
Director 

39 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Equity attributable to owners of the company 

Share 
capital  

Share 
premium  

Reorganisation 
reserve 

Share option 
reserve 

Warrant 
reserve  

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

As at 1 January 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year: 
Foreign currency exchange difference 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Warrants issued 
Issue of ordinary shares  
Costs of share issues 
Share-based payments – expensed 
Share-based payments – capitalised  
Total transactions with owners 

As at 31 December 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year: 
Foreign currency exchange difference 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Warrants issued  
Warrants lapsed  
Issue of ordinary shares 
Costs of share issues 
Share-based payments – expensed 
Non-controlling interest on acquisition 
of subsidiary (note 23) 
Total transactions with owners  

544 
- 

- 
- 

- 
360 
- 
- 
- 
360 

904 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
759 
- 
- 

- 

759 

10,985 
- 

(1,591) 
- 

- 
- 

1,471 
7,100 
(260)  
- 
- 
8,311 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

19,296 
- 

(1,591) 
- 

- 
- 

(90) 
- 
6,838 
(255) 
- 

- 

6,493 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

457 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
456 
- 
456 

913 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
760 

- 

760 

As at 31 December 2023 

1,663 

25,789 

(1,591) 

1,673 

1,764 
- 

- 
- 

(1,471) 
- 
- 
- 
357 
(1,114) 

650 
- 

- 
- 

90 
(131) 
- 
- 
- 

- 

(41) 

609 

Foreign 
exchange 
reserve 
US$’000 

(474) 
- 

(545)  
(545)  

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(1,019) 
- 

669  
669 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 

- 

Accumulated 
losses 

Shares to be 
issued 

Total 

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

Non-
controlling 
interests 
US$’000 

Total 
equity 

US$’000 

(4,258) 
(2,206)  

- 
(2,206)  

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(6,464) 
(3,293) 

- 
(3,293) 

- 
131 
- 
- 
- 

- 

131 

363 
- 

- 
- 

- 
(1,081) 
- 
180 
545 
(356) 

7 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(7) 

- 

(7) 

7,790 
(2,206) 

(545)  
(2,751)  

- 
6,379 
(260)  
636 
902 
7,657 

12,696 
(3,293) 

669 
(2,624) 

- 
- 
7,597 
(255) 
753 

- 

8,095 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

186 

186 

7,790 
(2,206) 

(545)  
(2,751)  

- 
6,379 
(260)  
636 
902 
7,657 

12,696 
(3,293) 

669 
(2,624) 

- 
- 
7,597 
(255) 
753 

186 

8,281 

(350) 

(9,626) 

- 

18,167 

186 

18,353 

40 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued)  

Share Capital:  

Share Premium: 

Amount subscribed for share capital at nominal value 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value 

Reorganisation Reserve: 

Reserve created on issue of shares on acquisition of subsidiaries  

Foreign Exchange Reserve 

Cumulative translation differences 

Accumulated Losses: 

Share Option Reserve: 

Shares to be issued: 
Warrant Reserve: 

Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income 

Amount recognised for the fair value of share options outstanding 

Amount of shares the Company has committed to issue 
Amount recognised for the fair value of warrants outstanding  

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements. 

41 

 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Share 
Capital  

Share 
Premium  

US$’000  US$’000 

Share 
Option 
Reserve 
US$’000 

Warrant 
Reserve  

US$’000 

Foreign 
Exchange 
Reserve 
US$’000 

Accumulated 
losses 

Shares to be 
issued 

Total 

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

As at 1 January 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year: 
Foreign currency exchange difference 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Warrants issued 
Issue of ordinary shares  
Costs of share issues 
Share-based payments – expensed  
Share-based payments – capitalised 
Total transactions with owners  

As at 31 December 2022 
Loss for the year 
Other comprehensive loss for the year: 
Foreign currency exchange difference 
Total comprehensive loss for the year 

Warrant issued  
Warrant lapsed  
Issue of ordinary shares 
Costs of share issues 
Share-based payments – expensed 
Total transactions with owners  

544 
- 

10,985 
- 

- 
- 

- 
360 
- 
- 
- 
360 

904 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
759 
- 
- 
759 

- 
- 

1,471 
7,100 
(260) 
- 
- 
8,311 

19,296 
- 

- 
- 

(90) 
- 
6,838 
(255) 
- 
6,493 

457 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
456 
- 
456 

913 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
760 
760 

1,764 
- 

- 
- 

(1,471) 
- 
- 
- 
357 
(1,114) 

650 
- 

- 
- 

90 
(131) 
- 
- 
- 
(41) 

56 
- 

(941) 
(941) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(885) 
- 

745 
745 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(4,333) 
(2,054) 

- 
(2,054) 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

(6,387) 
(3,205) 

- 
(3,205) 

- 
131 
- 
- 
- 
131 

As at 31 December 2023 

1,663 

25,789 

1,673 

609 

(140) 

(9,461) 

42 

363 
- 

- 
- 

- 
(1,081) 
- 
180 
545 
(356) 

7 
- 

- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 
(7) 
(7) 

- 

9,836 
(2,054) 

(941) 
(2,995) 

- 
6,379 
(260) 
636 
902 
7,657 

14,498 
(3,205) 

745 
(2,460) 

- 
- 
7,597 
(255) 
753 
8,095 

20,133 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

Share Capital:  

Share Premium: 

Amount subscribed for share capital at nominal value 

Amount subscribed for share capital in excess of nominal value 

Foreign Exchange Reserve: 

Cumulative translation differences 

Accumulated Losses: 

Share Option Reserve: 

Shares to be issued: 
Warrant Reserve: 

Cumulative net gains and losses recognised in the company statement of comprehensive income 

Amount recognised for the fair value of share options outstanding 

Amount of shares the Company has committed to issue 

Amount recognised for the fair value of warrants outstanding  

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements. 

43 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Depreciation 
Share option expense 
Directors’ fees and other expenses settled by issue of shares 
Fair value adjustments 
Exchange gain on liquidation of subsidiary 
Net cash used in operating activities before changes in working capital 

  Notes 

21a 
20 
15 

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables  
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Payments for property, plant and equipment 
Payments for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss   
Payments for intangible assets  
Net cash used in investing activities 

Cash flows from financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of share capital and warrants 
Share issue costs 
Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

20 
20 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

(3,293) 

(2,206) 

12 
753 
- 
77 
(7) 
(2,458) 

204 
(28) 
(2,282) 

(259) 
(445) 
- 
(3,315) 
(4,019) 

7,597 
(255) 
7,342 

1,041 

2,265 
87 
3,393 

- 
456 
16 
(12) 
- 
(1,746) 

(189) 
376 
(1,559) 

(73) 
- 
228 
(2,758) 
(2,603) 

4,593 
(260) 
4,333 

171 

2,308 
(214) 
2,265 

Note 11 discloses significant non-cash transactions in relation to the Group’s investing activities. 

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements.  

44 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  Notes 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

(3,205) 

(2,054) 

21a 
16 
20 
15 

16 

20 
20 

753 
641 
- 
77 
(1,734) 

214 
(107) 
(1,627) 

(445) 
- 
(1,039) 
(3,315) 
(4,799) 

7,597 
(255) 
7,342 

916 

2,214 
75 
3,205 

456 
- 
16 
(12) 
(1,594) 

(94) 
200 
(1,488) 

- 
228 
- 
(2,715) 
(2,487) 

4,593 
(260) 
4,333 

358 

2,069 
(213) 
2,214 

KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CASH FLOW 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

Cash flows from operating activities 
Loss before taxation 
Adjustments for: 
Share option expense 
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries 
Directors’ fees and other expenses settled by issue of shares 
Fair value adjustments 
Net cash used in operating activities before changes in working capital 

Decrease/(increase) in trade and other receivables  
(Decrease)/increase in trade and other payables 
Net cash used in operating activities 

Cash flows from investing activities 
Payments for financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 
Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss   
Acquisition of subsidiaries 
Loans advanced to group companies 
Net cash used in investing activities 

Financing activities 
Proceeds from issue of share capital and warrants 
Share issue costs 
Net cash generated from financing activities 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 

The notes of page 46 to 76 form part of these financial statements.

45 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 

1.  Corporate information 

Kavango  Resources  Plc  (the  “Company”)  is  a  public  limited  company  listed  on  the  main  market  of  the  London  Stock 
Exchange and incorporated and domiciled in England. Its registered address is Salisbury House, London Wall, Suite 425, 
London United Kingdom EC2M 5PS.  

The Company is the ultimate parent company of Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd (“Kavango Botswana”), and Kanye Resources 
(Pty) Ltd (“Kanye”), registered and domiciled in Botswana. The Company also owns 90% of Shongwe Resources (Pty) 
Ltd ("Shongwe”) and during the year the Company acquired 90% of Ashmead Holdings (Pty) Ltd (“Ashmead”) and 90% 
of  Icon-Trading  Company (Pty)  Ltd  (“Icon”),  all  registered  and  domiciled  in  Botswana. The  Company  owns  100%  of 
Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Limited, a company registered and domiciled in Zimbabwe. The Company is also the parent 
company of Navassa Resources Ltd, domiciled in Mauritius. 

In  order  to  simplify  the  corporate  structure,  Kanye  Resources  Plc  was  dissolved  on  28  November  2023,  and  Navassa 
Resources Ltd is expected to be liquidated in early 2024. 

The principal activity of the Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) is exploration for base and precious metals in 
Botswana and Zimbabwe.  

2.  Significant Accounting policies 

(a) Basis of preparation 

The  consolidated  and  company  financial  statements  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  UK-adopted  International 
Accounting Standards (“IAS”) and in conformity with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 and in accordance with 
Listing  Rules.  The  consolidated  and  company  financial  statements  have  also  been  prepared  under  the  historical  cost 
convention, except for revaluation of certain financial instruments.  

The  consolidated  and  company  financial  statements  are  presented  in  US  Dollars  (“US$”),  which  is  the  Group’s  and 
Company’s presentational currency rounded to the nearest thousand unless otherwise stated.  

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with IAS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It 
also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas 
involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to  the 
financial statements are disclosed in note 3. 

Going concern  

The consolidated and company financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. In assessing whether the 
going concern assumption is appropriate, the Directors have considered all relevant available information about the current 
and future position of the Group, including the Group’s cash position and the required level of spending on exploration and 
corporate activities for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of signing these financial statements.  

As part of the assessment, the Directors have noted that in order to sustain the minimum level of exploration spending 
required by the Group’s licence conditions and minimum corporate overheads a further fundraising will be required within 
the next 12 months. Successful completion of future fundraisings is inherently uncertain and therefore constitutes a material 
uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. However, encouraged by 
positive results of the Group’s exploration activities in Zimbabwe, the Directors have ambitious plans to further expand 
the Group’s foothold in the country and are therefore in active discussion with current and potential shareholders who have 
indicated their support. The Directors are therefore confident that they will be able to obtain sufficient working capital to 
support  the  Group’s  operations  and  are  satisfied  that  it  is  appropriate  to  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  of 
accounting in the preparation of these financial statements. 

46 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

2.  Significant Accounting policies (continued) 

(b) New and amended standards and interpretations  
There were no new standards, amendments or interpretations effective for the first time for periods beginning on or after 1 
January 2023 that had a material effect on the consolidated or company financial statements.  

At the date of approval of these financial statements, there were no new standards or amendments to IAS which have not 
been applied in these financial statements which were in issue but not yet effective and are expected to have a material 
impact on the consolidated and company financial statements. 

(c) Basis of consolidation 

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Company and entities controlled by the 
Company and its subsidiaries. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its 
involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.  

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this presumption and when 
the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and 
circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including: 

•  The contractual arrangement with the other vote holders of the investee; 
•  Rights arising from other contractual arrangements; and 
•  The Group's voting rights and potential voting rights. 

The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to 
one or more of the three elements of control. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred 
to  the  Group.  They  are  deconsolidated  from  the  date  that  control  ceases.  Assets,  liabilities,  income  and  expenses  of  a 
subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the period are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the 
Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary. 

Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used in 
line with those used by other members of the Group. 

All intragroup assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses, and cash flows relating to transactions between members of 
the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation. 

Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries are identified separately from equity  attributable to the owner of the Company. 
On acquisition of subsidiaries, non-controlling interests are measured at their proportionate share of the fair value of the 
acquiree’s identifiable net assets. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the 
owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests.  

(d) Investment in subsidiaries 

In the company financial statements, equity investments in Company’s subsidiaries are stated at cost, which is the fair value 
of  the  consideration  paid,  less  any  impairment  provision.  The  investment  in  subsidiaries  balance  on  the  company’s 
statement of financial position also includes the carrying value of  long-term intercompany loans which are measured in 
accordance with note 2(k) ‘Financial assets’.  

(e) Foreign currencies 

The functional currency for each entity, or for each branch within an entity, in the Group is the currency of the primary 
economic  environment  in  which  the  entity,  or  each  branch  within  an  entity,  operates.  The  consolidated  and  company 
financial statements are presented in US$, which is the Group’s and Company’s presentational currency. 

The functional currency of the Company is GBP. 

Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency of each entity are recorded at the exchange rate on the date 
the transaction occurred. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions, and from 
the  translation  of  monetary  assets  and  liabilities  denominated  in  foreign  currencies  at  year  end  exchange  rates,  are 
recognised in profit or loss. 

47 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

2.  Significant Accounting policies (continued) 

(e) Foreign currencies (continued) 

On consolidation, the results of each entity in the Group with a non-US$ functional currency are translated into US$ at 
rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of these entities are translated 
at the rate ruling at the reporting date. The resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income 
and accumulated in the foreign exchange reserve.  

(f) Segment Reporting 

Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-
maker (“CODM”). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating 
segments, has been identified as the Board of Directors that makes strategic decisions. 

Segment results, assets and liabilities include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated 
on a reasonable basis. 

(g) Taxation 

Income tax expense represents the sum of the current tax and deferred tax charge for the year. 

Current tax 

Current  tax  payable  is  based  on  the  taxable  profit  for  the  year  calculated  using  tax  rates  that  have  been  enacted  or 
substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. None of the entities in the Group generate taxable profits. 

Deferred tax  

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements 
and the corresponding tax bases and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. 

Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted and are expected to apply in the 
period  when  the  liability  is  settled,  or  the  asset  realised.  Deferred  tax  is  charged  or  credited  to  the  statement  of 
comprehensive income, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred 
tax is also dealt with in equity. 

Deferred  tax  assets  are  recognised  to  the  extent  that  it  is  probable  that  taxable  profits  will  be  available  against  which 
deductible temporary differences can be utilised. 

Judgement is applied in making assumptions about future taxable income, including nickel prices, production, rehabilitation 
costs and expenditure to determine the extent to which the Group recognises deferred tax assets, as well as the anticipated 
timing of the utilisation of the losses. 

(h) Pre-licence exploration costs 

Exploration costs incurred prior to the Group obtaining exploration legal rights are recognised in profit or loss as they are 
incurred. When the Group enters into an option agreement to acquire a licence, all associated option costs and exploration 
expenditure incurred prior to the option being exercised are treated as pre-licence exploration costs and included in profit 
or loss. 

48 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

2.  Significant Accounting policies (continued) 

(i) 

Intangible Assets  

Exploration and evaluation costs 

The Group capitalises expenditure  in relation to exploration and evaluation of mineral assets when the legal rights are 
obtained. Expenditure included in the initial measurement of exploration and evaluation assets, and which are classified as 
intangible  assets  relate  to  the  acquisition  of  rights  to  explore,  topographical,  geological,  geochemical  and  geophysical 
studies, exploratory drilling, trenching, sampling to evaluate the technical feasibility and commercial viability of extracting 
a  mineral  resource  and  other  in  country  supporting  activities.  The  Group  capitalises  staff  costs  of  employees  directly 
involved in the exploration activities of the Group except for employee share option charges.   

Exploration  and  evaluation  assets  are  assessed  for  impairment  when  facts  and  circumstances  suggest  that  the  carrying 
amount  of  an  asset  may  exceed  its  recoverable  amount.  The  assessment  is  carried  out  by  allocating  exploration  and 
evaluation  assets  to  cash  generating  units,  which  are  based  on  specific  projects  or  geographical  areas.  Whenever  the 
exploration for and evaluation of mineral resources does not lead to the discovery of commercially viable quantities of 
mineral  resources  or  the  Group  has  decided  to  discontinue  such  activities  of  that  unit,  the  associated  expenditures  are 
written off to profit or loss. 

(j) Property, plant and equipment 

Property,  plant  and  equipment  is  stated  at  cost  less  accumulated  depreciation  and  any  accumulated  impairment  losses. 
Depreciation is provided on all property, plant and equipment to write off the cost less estimated residual value of each 
asset over its expected useful economic life on a straight-line basis at the following rates: 

- Geological and field equipment including vehicles:  4-10 years 

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. 

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater 
than its estimated recoverable amount. 

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when 
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be 
measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged 
to profit or loss during the financial period in which they are incurred. 

Depreciation charge on assets that are directly involved in exploration activities are capitalised as exploration intangible 
assets.  

49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

2.  Significant Accounting policies (continued) 

(k) Financial assets 

Financial assets are classified at initial recognition into one of the categories listed below, depending on the purpose for 
which the asset was acquired.  

Amortised cost 

Financial assets held at amortised cost comprise trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents. 

These assets are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. 
They  arise  principally  through  the  provision  of  goods  and  services  to  customers  (e.g.,  trade  receivables),  but  also 
incorporate other types of financial assets where the objective is to hold their assets in order to collect contractual cash 
flows and the contractual cash flows are solely payments of the principal and interest. They are initially recognised at fair 
value  plus  transaction  costs  that  are  directly  attributable  to  their  acquisition  or  issue  and  are  subsequently  carried  at 
amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, less provision for impairment. 

Impairment  provisions  for  trade  and  other  receivables  are  recognised  based  on  the  simplified  approach  within  IFRS  9 
Financial Instruments using the lifetime expected credit losses (“ECL”) method. During this process the probability of the 
non-payment of the receivables is assessed. This probability is then multiplied by the amount of the expected loss arising 
from default to determine the lifetime ECL for the receivables. For trade and other receivables, which are reported net, 
such provisions are recorded in a separate provision account with the loss being recognised within administrative expenses 
in the statement of comprehensive income. On confirmation that the trade or other receivable will not be collectable, the 
gross carrying value of the asset is written off against the associated provision. 

Fair value through profit or loss 

Financial assets held at fair value through the profit or loss comprise equity investments held. These are carried in the 
statement of financial position at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, changes in fair value are recognised in profit 
or loss. 

(l) Financial liabilities 

Financial  liabilities  include  trade  and  other  payables  including  deferred  consideration.  All  financial  liabilities  are 
recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred, and are subsequently stated at amortised cost, using the 
effective interest method. 

(m) Derivative financial instruments 

Derivatives  are  initially  recognised  at  fair  value  on  the  date  a  derivative  contract  is  entered  into  and  are  subsequently 
remeasured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss. 

(n) Equity  

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of a company after deducting all of its 
liabilities. Equity instruments issued are recorded at the proceeds received net of direct issue costs. 

50 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

2.  Significant Accounting policies (continued) 

(o) Share based payments 

Equity-settled share-based payment transactions with parties other than employees are measured at the fair value of the 
goods or services received, except where that fair value cannot be estimated reliably, in which case they are measured at 
the fair value of the equity instruments granted, measured at the date the entity obtains the goods or the counterparty renders 
the service. Depending on the nature of the goods or services received and in accordance with the relevant accounting 
policy, the share-based payment expense is either recognised in profit or loss, capitalised as Exploration and Evaluation 
asset or recognised as deduction in share premium. A corresponding increase in the warrant reserve or share option reserve 
is also recognised. 

Equity-settled share-based payments to employees and others providing similar services are measured at the fair value of 
the equity instruments at the grant date. 

The grant date fair value of share-based payment awards granted to employees and others providing similar services is 
recognised in profit or loss, with a corresponding increase in the share options reserve, over the period that the employees 
become unconditionally entitled to the awards. The amount recognised as an expense is adjusted to reflect the number of 
awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected to be met, such that the amount 
ultimately  recognised  as  an  expense  is  based  on  the  number  of  awards  that  meet  the  related  service  and  non-market 
performance conditions at the vesting date. For share-based payment awards with non-vesting conditions, the grant-date 
fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and there is no true-up for differences between 
expected and actual outcomes. Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the award at grant date. As long 
as all other vesting conditions are satisfied, a charge is made irrespective of whether market vesting conditions are satisfied. 
The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition. 

When  share-based payments awards are exercised, the  Company issues new  shares. The proceeds received, net of any 
directly attributable transaction costs, are credited to share capital and  the share premium account. The fair value of the 
awards exercised or forfeited prior to vesting and previously recognised in the share options reserve or warrants reserve is 
transferred to accumulated losses for capital maintenance purposes. 

51 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

3.  Critical accounting estimates and judgements 

In the application of the accounting policies, which are described in note 2, the Directors are required to make judgements, 
estimates and assumptions which affect reported income, expenses, assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets 
and liabilities. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience, expectations of future events 
and other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results in the future could differ from 
such estimates.  The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an on-going basis. Revisions to accounting 
estimates are recognised in the period in which the revision is made. 

(a) Sources of estimation uncertainty  

(i) Valuation of exploration and evaluation assets 

The carrying value of exploration assets in the consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2023 is US$ 14,586,000 
(2022: US$ 9,679,000). The recoverability of this carrying value, and thus potential impairment, requires use of significant 
judgments and estimates which are detailed in note 11. 

(ii) Recoverability of investment in subsidiaries and intragroup receivables 

In  the  company  financial  statements,  the  carrying  value  of  the  Company’s  investment  in  subsidiaries  and  intragroup 
receivables is US$ 16,856,000 (2022: US$ 11,825,000). The recoverability of this balance is driven by the same judgements 
and uncertainties as the recoverability of the exploration and evaluation assets held by the subsidiaries and discussed in 
note 11. 

(iii) Valuation of share-based payments 

Accounting for some equity-settled share-based payment awards requires the use of valuation models to estimate their fair 
values and vesting periods. These models require the Directors to make assumptions regarding the share price volatility, 
risk free rate and expected life of awards in order to determine the fair values of the awards at grant dates. 

(iv) Recoverability of amounts due from shareholders 

In the consolidated and company financial statements, the carrying value of the amount due from shareholders is US$ 
637,000 (2022: US$ 693,000). The Directors are satisfied that this balance is recoverable and therefore no expected credit 
loss provision is necessary, further details are included in note 20. 

52 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

4.  Segmental disclosures 

The Group has two reportable segments, Exploration and Corporate, which are the Group’s strategic divisions. For each of 
the strategic divisions, the Board reviews internal management reports on a regular basis. The Group’s reportable segments 
are: 

Exploration: the exploration operating segment is presented as an aggregate of all Botswana and Zimbabwe projects in 
which the Group has economic interest. Expenditure on exploration activities for each licence is used to measure agreed 
upon expenditure targets for each licence to ensure the licence exploration commitments are met. 

Corporate: the corporate segment includes the Company and intermediate holding companies’ costs in respect of managing 
the Group. This includes the cost of employee share options granted by the Company. 

Segmental results are detailed below: 

Continuing operations 
Corporate (London and Mauritius)* 
Exploration (Zimbabwe) 
Loss before tax 
Taxation 
Loss after tax 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

 (2,140) 
 (1,153) 
 (3,293) 
- 
(3,293) 

(2,206) 
- 
(2,206) 
- 
(2,206) 

*Results of the corporate segment include a share-based payment charge of US$ 760,000 (2022: US$ 456,000) and a loss 
on fair value of financial assets of US$ 77,000 (2022: gain of US$ 12,000). 

Segmental assets and liabilities are detailed below: 

Non-current assets 
31 Dec 
2023 

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

  Non-current liabilities 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

Exploration: intangible assets and equipment (Botswana) 
Exploration: equipment (Zimbabwe) 
Corporate (London and Mauritius) 
Total of all segments 

US$’000   

14,737   
201   
-   
14,938   

9,851 
- 
- 
9,851 

- 
- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Exploration (Botswana) 
Exploration (Zimbabwe) 
Corporate (London) 
Total of all segments 

Total assets 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

Total liabilities 
31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

14,892   
402   
4,343   
19,637   

10,112 
- 
3,155 
13,267 

175 
45 
1,064 
1,284 

106 
- 
465 
571 

53 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

5.  Pre-licence exploration costs 

Pre-licence exploration costs incurred in Zimbabwe  

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

1,153 

- 

The Group has options over several licence areas in Zimbabwe, consisting of the Nara Project, and the Leopard and Hillside 
Projects. The Group incurs option fees to gain access to the licence areas and perform exploration work to evaluate the 
potential of each project. The ownership of exploration data collected remains with the licence holders until the options are 
exercised. Further details on each project can be found in the Operations Report. 

The option terms are summarised below: 

Nara Project 

The Nara Project comprises 45 contiguous gold claims. On 26 June 2023, the Company has entered into an exclusive two-
year option agreement to acquire the claims for US$ 4,000,000 in cash, plus an earn-out based on a declaration of a code-
compliant resource estimate. 

The option fee is $220,000 payable in 6-monthly instalments in advance and as part of the agreement the Company is 
required  to  spend  a  minimum  of  US$  500,000  on  exploration  in  the  first  year,  with  a  total  exploration  spend  of  US$ 
2,000,000 over the option term.   

Leopard and Hillside Projects 

The Hillside Project comprises 44 gold claims, plus additional claims covering an area of 896Ha at Leopard. On 25 July 
2023, the Company entered into an exclusive six-month option agreement to acquire the claims for US$ 500,000 in cash 
and 84,000,000 shares, plus a conditional deferred payment based on a declaration of a code-compliant resource estimate. 
If the Company exercises the option, it will also take on outstanding debts relating to the projects of US$ 400,000. 

On 23 January 2024, the option term was extended by 90 days until 23 April 2024. 

54 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

6.  Loss before taxation: 

Loss before taxation is stated after charging/(crediting) the following: 

Depreciation charge, net of amounts capitalised as intangible exploration asset   
Employee benefit expenses 
Auditor remuneration, net of amounts recognised in share premium  
Cumulative gain on foreign exchange of liquidated subsidiary  
Net foreign exchange losses and (gains) 

Services provided by the Company’s auditor and its associates 

Note 

7 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

12 
1,235 
88 
(7) 
15 

- 
963 
127 
- 
(37) 

During the year, the Group (including overseas subsidiaries) obtained the following services from the Company’s auditors 
and its associates: 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor and its associates for the audit of the company 
and group financial statements 
Fees payable to the Company's auditor and its associates for the audit of the company 
and group financial statement - additional fees in respect of the prior year 
Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for other permitted non-audit services: 
- 
- 

audit-related assurance services: review of interim report 
permitted services relating to a corporate finance transaction: reporting accountant   

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

80 

- 

- 

8 
37 
125 

74 

24 

2 
27 
127 

55 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

7.  Employees 

Employee benefit expenses consisted of the following: 

Wages and salaries 
Social security costs 
Other post-employment benefits 
Share-based payment expenses (note 21) 

Less: amounts capitalised as exploration assets 
Employee benefits recognised in profit or loss 

The average monthly number of employees during the year was: 

Directors and senior management 
Administrative staff 
Field personnel 
Total 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

828   
35   
3   
760   
1,626   
(391)   
1,235   

894 
56 
16 
456 
1,422 
(459) 
963 

438 
35 
3 
760 
1,236 
- 
1,236 

447 
56 
4 
456 
963 
- 
963 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

No.   

31 Dec 
2022 
No. 

31 Dec 
2023 
No. 

31 Dec 
2022 
No. 

5   
2   
36   
43   

5 
2 
53 
60 

4 
- 
- 
4 

4 
- 
- 
4 

Further details of Directors’ remuneration are included in the Directors’ Remuneration Report on pages 26 to 29. 

8.  Taxation  

Current taxation 
Deferred taxation 
Total tax charge for the year 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

- 
- 
- 

- 
- 
- 

The total tax charge for the year can be reconciled to the loss for the year multiplied by the weighted average applicable 
tax rate as follows: 

Loss for the year 

Tax at the applicable rate of 22.5% (2022:18.9%) 
Expenses not deductible for tax 
Effect of tax losses not recognised as deferred tax assets 
Total tax charge for the year 

56 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

(3,293) 

(2,206) 

(740) 
171 
569 
- 

(417) 
92 
325 
- 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

8.  Taxation (continued) 

The weighted average applicable tax rate of  22.5% (2022: 18.9%) used is a combination of the  23.5% standard rate of 
corporation tax in the UK (2022: 19%), 22% standard rate of corporation tax in Botswana (2022: 22%), nil corporation tax 
rate in Mauritius (2022: nil) and the expected tax rate applicable to mining companies in Zimbabwe of 15%.  

The  Group has  approximately  US$  7,082,000  (2022:  US$  13,188,000)  of  tax  losses  available  to  carry forward  against 
future taxable profits. A deferred tax asset has not been recognised because of uncertainty over future taxable profits against 
which the losses may be used. Tax losses can be carried forward indefinitely. 

9.  Earnings per share 

Loss for the year from continuing operations 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

3,293 

2,206 

31 Dec 
2023 
Number 

31 Dec 
2022 
  Number 

Weighted average number of ordinary shares for the purpose of calculating 
basic and diluted earnings per share 

732,929,929 

0
445,030,409 
8 

31 Dec 
2023 
US Cents 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US Cents 

Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to owners of the Company 

0.45 

0.49 

The basic and diluted loss per share attributable to owners of the Company are identical as the share options and warrants 
detailed in notes 21 and 22 are considered to be anti-dilutive due to the loss made for the year. 

10. Property, plant, and equipment 

Property, plant, and equipment consists of exploration field equipment, which includes all fixed assets in Botswana and 
Zimbabwe, including vehicles used in field activities by geology staff. 

Net book value 
At 1 January 
Additions 
Acquisition of Kanye JV (note 13) 
Disposals on reclassification of JV (note 13) 
Depreciation 
Translation differences 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

172   
259   
-   
-   
(71)   
(8)  
352   

221 
73 
22 
- 
(129) 
(15) 
172 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

24 
- 
- 
(24) 
- 
- 
- 

Of the total depreciation charge, US$ 59,000 (2022: US$ 129,000) has been capitalised as an intangible exploration asset 
(note 11). The remainder of the depreciation charge relates to equipment in Zimbabwe and is included in pre-exploration 
expense (note 5). 

57 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

11.  Intangible assets  

Intangible assets comprise entirely of exploration and evaluation assets. 

Net book value  
At 1 January 
Additions 
Acquisition of Kanye JV (note 13) 
Deemed disposal on reclassification of Kanye JV (note 13) 
Translation differences 
Total 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

9,679   
4,241   
-   
-   
666   
14,586   

5,075 
3,594 
1,530 
- 
(520) 
9,679 

- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 

956  
- 
- 
(956) 
- 
- 

The additions balance relates to the Group’s exploration activity in Botswana and Zimbabwe. Details on the exploration 
activity including acquisition of new licences can be found in the Operations Report. 

In the year ended 31 December 2023, the additions balance included the following non-cash transactions: 

-  Acquisition of Icon and Ashmead subsidiaries for US$ 1,720,000 included non-cash consideration (note 12). 

-  Capitalised  share-based  payment  costs  of  US$  nil  (2022:  US$  143,000)  for  contractors  paid  in  warrants  in  the 

Company (note 21). 

-  Drilling contractor costs of US$ nil (2022: US$ 373,000) settled in the Company shares.  

-  Capitalised depreciation charge of US$ 59,000 (2022: US$ 129,000) in relation to property, plant and equipment used 

in exploration activities.  

Recoverability of the Group’s exploration and evaluation assets is dependent on the success of the Group in discovering 
economic  and  recoverable  mineral  resources,  especially  in  the  countries  of  operation  where  political,  economic,  legal, 
regulatory, and social uncertainties are potential risk factors. The future revenue flows relating to these assets is uncertain 
and will also be affected by competition, relative exchange rates and potential new legislation and related environmental 
requirements.  

The Group’s ability to continue its exploration programs and develop its projects is  also dependent on its ability to raise 
sufficient  finance  in  future,  which  is  uncertain.  The  ability  of  the  Group  to  continue  operating  within  Botswana  and 
Zimbabwe is dependent on a stable political environment. This may also impact the Group’s legal title to assets held which 
would affect the valuation of such assets. There have been no changes made to any past assumptions. 

58 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

11.  Intangible assets (continued) 

Impairment review 

The Directors have undertaken a review to assess whether the following impairment indicators exist as at 31 December 
2023 or subsequently prior to the approval of these financial statements: 

1.  Licences to explore specific areas have expired or will expire in the near future and are not expected to be renewed; 

2.  No further substantive exploration expenditure is planned for a specific licence; 

3.  Exploration and evaluation activity in a specific licence area have not led to the discovery of commercially viable 
quantities of mineral resources and the Board has decided to discontinue such activities in the specific area; and 

4.  Sufficient data exists to indicate that, although a development in the specific area is likely to proceed, the carrying 
amount of the exploration and evaluation asset is unlikely to be recovered in full of successful development or by 
sale. 

Following their assessment, the Directors concluded that no impairment indicators exist and thus no impairment charge is 
necessary (2022: US$ nil). The Board is fully committed to continuing exploration on the Group’s existing projects and 
further details on the progress of the exploration activities can be found in the Operations Report. Notwithstanding this, the 
Board will continue, through 2024, to review all projects, to ensure that resources are focussed where there is the greatest 
opportunity for discovery. 

All the Group’s prospecting licences in Botswana are subject, after an initial three-year licence term, to biennial renewals 
by the Department of Mines in Botswana. After an initial two renewal periods the renewal of these becomes subject to the 
minister’s discretion. Further renewals fall due during 2024. To date Kavango’s prospecting licences have always been 
renewed, consequently the Company’s Directors and management have a reasonable expectation of further renewals being 
successful.  

12. Acquisition of Icon-Trading Company (Pty) Ltd and Ashmead Holdings (Pty) Ltd 

In November 2023 the Group entered into an agreement with Global Exploration Technologies (Pty) Limited to acquire a 
90% interest in six licence areas by acquiring 90% of the issued shares of Icon and Ashmead.  

The total consideration was US$ 1,720,000 and comprised of the following: 

a. 
b. 
c. 

US$ 1,015,000 payable upon on the completion of the acquisition;  
US$ 339,000 payable 90 days following the completion of the acquisition; and   
US$ 339,000 payable 180 days following the completion of the acquisition. 

The two entities acquired do not meet the definition of a business as defined in IFRS 3 Business Combination and therefore 
represents an asset purchase, being the interest in the licences.  

The consideration was capitalised as intangible exploration assets and included as additions in the year (note 11). A non-
controlling interest has been recognised as a result of this transaction, totalling US$ 186,000 representing the 10% of the 
fair value of the licences acquired.  

Transaction costs of US$ 27,000 were incurred and added to the cost of the intangible assets acquired.  

59 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

13. Acquisition of Kanye JV in 2022 

On 21 September 2020, the Company entered into a joint venture agreement with Power Metal Resources plc (“Power 
Metals”) to set up Kanye JV to jointly own and develop licences in the Kalahari Copper Belt and Ditau regions in Botswana.  

On 25 November 2022, the Company acquired Power Metals’ interest in the Kanye JV for the following consideration: 

1.  60 million new ordinary shares in the Company plus a mixture of warrants (see note 21c); 

2.  Royalty Agreement: Power Metals will receive a 1% Net Smelter Return (“NSR”) across the Kanye licence areas 
held by Kanye JV as at 8 July 2022. If the Company is able to secure, within two years of the SPA, an NSR of greater 
than 2%, the excess over 2% will be split between the parties equally. 

3.  Sell-on Premium: if the Company sells all or part of Kanye JV for in excess of GBP 7.5 million within 24 months of 
the SPA, Power Metals will be paid a proportion of the gross excess received by Kavango above GBP 7.5 million.   

Kanye JV does not meet the definition of a business as defined in IFRS 3 Business Combination and therefore represents 
an asset purchase. The consideration for the acquisition is a share-based payment, which is measured at the fair value of 
the equity instruments issued, as the fair value of the interest in the licences acquired cannot be measured reliably at their 
current stage of development. The fair value of the Company shares issued of US$ 1,302,000 was their quoted market price 
of  1.8  pence  on  the  acquisition  date  whilst  the  warrants  were  valued  at  US$  211,000  (refer  to  note  21c  for  valuation 
technique and inputs) giving a total consideration of US$ 1,513,000.   

The royalty agreement and the sell-on premium represent future liabilities which will be recognised when crystallised. 

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed as the result of the acquisition consisted of exploration and evaluation intangible 
assets of US$ 1,530,000, property plant and equipment of US$ 23,000 and trade and other liabilities of US$ 40,000. 

14.  Acquisition of Shongwe Resources (Pty) Limited in 2022 

In January 2020 the Group entered into a farm-in agreement with LVR GeoExplorers (Pty) Ltd (“LVR”) in respect of two 
licenses wholly owned by LVR. During the year ended 31 December 2021, the Group acquired a 25% interest in the LVR 
licences that was transferred into intangible exploration assets.  

During the year ended 31 December 2022 the licences were transferred to Shongwe Resources (Pty) Limited, a newly 
created company in Botswana with the Group initially holding 25% of the shares in Shongwe Resources (Pty) Limited, 
representing its share in the licences. The Group subsequently acquired a further 65% of the shares in Shongwe Resources 
(Pty) Limited, taking its interest in the licences to 90%, for the following consideration: 

1.  2 million new ordinary shares in the Company at an issue price of 5.5p per share; and  

2.  2 million warrants at an exercise price of 8.5p expiring on 25 November 2024. 

Shongwe does not meet the definition of a business as defined in IFRS 3 Business Combination and therefore represents 
an asset purchase, being the interest in the licences. The consideration for the acquisition is a share-based payment, which 
is measured at the fair value of the equity instruments issued, as the fair value of the interest in the licences acquired cannot 
be measured reliably at their current stage of development. The fair value of the Company shares issued at 5.5p per share 
was US$131,000 whilst the warrants were valued at US$ 2,000 (refer to  note  21d) for valuation technique and inputs) 
giving a total consideration of US$ 133,000.  

The consideration was capitalised as intangible exploration assets and included as additions in the year (note 11). There is 
no non-controlling interest recognised as a result of this transaction. The Group will carry LVR’s 10% holding through to 
bankable feasibility study.  

60 

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

15. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 

Interest in listed entities 

Interest in listed entities 

  Group and Company 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

378 

- 

Interest in listed entities comprises of the Company’s investments in Power Metal Resources PLC (“Power Metals”) and 
Pambili Natural Resources Corporation (“Pambili”). 

Power Metals 

During the year ended 31 December 2022, the Company disposed of its holding of 11 million shares in Power Metals for 
a cash consideration of US$ 228,000. 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company reacquired 11 million shares in Power Metals for US$ 195,000. 
As at 31 December 2023, the fair value of these shares declined to $109,000 with a loss of US$ 87,000 recognised in profit 
or loss. Power Metals is listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange. 

Pambili 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company subscribed to a US$ 250,000 convertible loan note issued by 
Pambili, a gold exploration company listed on the TSX Venture Exchange ("TSX-V”) in Canada. The convertible loan 
note  was  interest-free  and  convertible  at  par  plus  US$  75,000  redemption  premium  into  ordinary  shares  in  Pambili  at 
CAD$0.05 each. The Company served a binding conversion notice to Pambili on 29 November 2023, which would give 
the  Company 8,925,000  shares  representing  approximately  16.6%  of  Pambili’s  enlarged  issued  share  capital.  As  at  31 
December 2023 and the date of  approval these financial statements the allotment of these shares remained outstanding 
whilst  Pambili  completes  a  linked  transaction  and  obtains  the  necessary  approvals  from  TSX-V.  The  fair  value  of  the 
Company’s interest in Pambili as at 31 December 2023 was US$ 269,000. 

The movement in the fair value of the Company’s interest in listed entities is detailed below: 

At 1 January 
Additions 
(Loss) / gain on the change in fair value 
Translation differences 
Disposals 
At 31 December 

  Group and Company 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

 -      

 445  
 (77) 
 10  

 216  

 -    

 12  

 -      

378 

 (228) 
- 

61 

 
 
 
 
         
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
  
 
   
  
 
 
   
  
 
 
   
  
 
 
 
   
  
 
   
  
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

16.  Investments in subsidiaries 

Company 

Shares in subsidiaries 
Loans to subsidiaries 
Total 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

2,633 
14,223 
16,856 

2,347 
9,478 
11,825 

Loans to subsidiaries are interest free and payable on demand.  

During  the  year-ended  31  December  2023,  the  Company  acquired  90%  interest  in  Icon  and  Ashmead  for  a  total 
consideration of US$ 1,015,000 cash paid on acquisition, plus deferred cash consideration of US$ 678,000 and transaction 
costs of US$ 27,000 (note 12).  

Kanye Resources Plc was dissolved on 28 November 2023 with a loss on liquidation of US$ 235,000 recognised in the 
Company’s profit or loss. Cumulative gain on foreign exchange of US$ 7,000 was recognised in Group’s profit or loss. 

On 31 December 2023,  in preparation for a planned liquidation of  Navassa Resources Ltd., the Company impaired the 
carrying  value  of  its  loan  receivable  from  and  the  cost  of  investment  in  the  entity  by  US$  122,000  and  US$  284,000 
respectively, leading to an impairment loss of US$ 406,000 recognised in the Company’s profit or loss.  

During the year-ended 31 December 2022, as a result of the Company obtaining full control of Kanye JV (note 13), the 
Company derecognised its share of the assets and liabilities of the JV and recognised a loan to subsidiaries, as the control 
of the assets and liabilities was deemed to have passed to the underlying subsidiaries. A gain of US$ 94,000 was therefore 
recognised in the Company’s profit or loss for the year-ended 31 December 2022 representing the difference between the 
carrying value of net assets transferred and the nominal value of the loan. 

The Directors conducted an impairment review and are satisfied that the carrying value of US$ 16,856,000 (2022: US$ 
11,825,000) is reasonable and no further impairment is necessary (2022: US$ nil), as the recoverability of the intercompany 
balances  are  intrinsically  linked  to  the  value  of  the  underlying  exploration  assets.  The  recoverability  of  the  Group’s 
exploration assets is discussed in note 11.   

List of subsidiary undertakings 

Name 

Country of incorporation and 
principal place of business 

Nature of business 

Proportion of equity shares 
held by the Company 

Mauritius 
Navassa Resources Ltd 
Botswana 
Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd 
Botswana 
Kanye Resources (Pty) Ltd 
Botswana 
Shongwe Resources (Pty) Ltd 
Botswana 
Ashmead Holdings (Pty) Ltd  
Icon-Trading Company (Pty) Ltd  
Botswana 
Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Limited  Zimbabwe 

Holding company 
Mineral exploration 
Mineral exploration 
Licence holding company 
Licence holding company 
Licence holding company 
Mineral exploration 

100% 
100% (indirect holding) 
100% 
90%   (indirect holding) 
90% 
90% 
100% 

The registered address of Navassa Resources Ltd is Level 3, 35 Cybercity Ebene, Mauritius. 

The registered address of subsidiaries registered in Botswana is Plot 1306, Government Camp, Francistown, Botswana. 

The registered address of Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Limited is 8A Livingston Road, 8th Street Suburbs, Bulawayo, 
Zimbabwe. 

All  subsidiary  undertakings  are  included  in  the  consolidation.  The  proportion  of  the  voting  rights  in  the  subsidiary 
undertaking held directly by the parent company does not differ from the proportion of ordinary shares held.   

62 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

17.  Trade and other receivables 

Amounts due from shareholders 
VAT recoverable 
Other receivables and prepayments 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

 637   
 107   
 184   
928   

693 
335 
123 
1,151 

 637  
 28  
 94  
759 

693 
111 
121 
925 

Further details on the amounts due from shareholders is included in note 20. 

18.  Cash and cash equivalents  

Cash in bank 
Cash in hand 
Total 

19.  Trade and other payables  

Trade payables 
Accruals and other payables 
Deferred consideration (note 12) 
Other tax and social security  
Total 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

3,317   
76   
3,393   

2,228 
37 
2,265 

3,205 
- 
3,205 

2,214 
- 
2,214 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

 230   
356   
 681   
 17   
1,284   

 300  
 226  

 -      

 45  
 571  

145 
224 
681 
15 
1,065 

 291  
 131  

 -    

 44  
466 

63 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

20.  Share Capital  

As at 1 January 2022   
Reserve transfer from warrant reserve  
Exercise of B warrants  
Exercise of 4.25p warrants 
May Placing 
November Placing  
Acquisition of Kanye JV 
Acquisition of Shongwe  
Shares issued to drilling contractor 
Director subscriptions: Mike Moles 
Issue costs 
As at 31 December 2022 

Purebond Placing 
Issue costs   
Warrants granted  
As at 31 December 2023 

Number of 
shares 
No. 

406,470,762 
- 
1,625,000 
2,181,818 
25,000,000 
194,444,437 
60,000,000 
2,000,000 
13,478,951 
368,346 
- 
705,569,314 

600,000,000 
- 
- 
1,305,569,314 

Share capital 

Share premium 

Total 

US$’000 

US$’000 

US$’000 

544 
- 
2 
3 
31 
234 
72 
2 
16 
-  
- 
904 

759 
- 
- 
1,663 

10,985 
1,471 
51 
122 
903 
3,930 
1,230 
128 
720 
16 
(260) 
19,296 

6,838 
(255) 
(90) 
25,789 

11,529 
1,471 
53 
125 
934 
4,164 
1,302 
130 
736 
16 
(260)  
20,200 

7,597 
(255) 
(90) 
27,452 

The Company has one class of ordinary shares of 0.1 penny each which entitle the holders to receive dividends as declared 
from time to time and to vote at meetings of the Company. All ordinary shares rank equally with regard the Company’s 
residual net assets. There are no restrictions on the transfer of shares. 

During the year ended 31 December 2023 the Company raised US$ 7,597,000 through the issue of 600,000,000 shares.  

Details of the warrants issued during the year are included in note 22. 

The total cash received, before issue costs, by the Company for the shares issued during the year ended 31 December 2023 
was US$ 7,597,000 (2022: US $4,593,000). 

In  November  2022  the  Company  raised  US$  4,164,000  through  the  issue  of  194,444,437  shares  and  194,444,437  3p 
warrants. Of this amount, as at 31 December 2023 and at the date of approval of these financial statements, £500,000 (US$ 
637,000; 2022: US$605,000) remain outstanding from one subscriber, Arigo Capital, and are included within the trade and 
other receivables balance (note 17). The Directors are in continued discussions with Arigo Capital on arranging a settlement 
solution and expect this to be resolved in the first half of 2024. However, should the funds ultimately not be received, the 
Directors have the ability to issue the shares to a new subscriber for a similar premium or may cancel the shares. Therefore, 
no expected credit loss provision has been recognised as at 31 December 2023 (2022: US$ nil). 

64 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

21.  Share-based payments 

The Company is party to the following share-based payment arrangements: 

(a) 
(b) 
(c), (d)   Warrants issued as part of corporate acquisitions. 

Share options issued to employees and others providing similar services; 
Warrants issued to third-party suppliers for the provision of exploration and corporate services; and 

The Company also settles some of its capitalised drilling contractor invoices in shares (note 20). 

Warrants issued to shareholders as part of fundraising are disclosed in note 22. 

Movements in the Share Options Reserve are detailed below: 

As at 1 January 2022 
Share-based payments – expensed 
As at 31 December 2022 
Share-based payments – expensed 
As at 31 December 2023 

(a) Share Options 

Share options granted prior to 1 January 2022 

Share Options 
Reserve  
US$’000 

457 
456 
913 
760 
1,673 

In 2018 the Company granted 13,400,000 share options to the Directors and management exercisable at 2.5 pence for a 
period of 10 years from date of grant. 

In 2019 the Company granted 2,600,000 share options to the Directors and management exercisable at 2.8 pence for a 
period of 10 years from date of grant. 

In May 2020 the Company granted 2,725,000 share options to Directors and management exercisable at 0.8 pence for a 
period of 10 years from date of grant.   

None of the share options detailed above had vesting conditions attached to them. 

In February 2021 the Company granted 3,500,000 share options to the Directors of the Company exercisable at 3.3 pence 
per share. The options are subject to the Directors being employed by the Company, with half the options vesting after one 
year and the remainder vesting after two years.  

In June and August 2021, the Company granted options to the Directors and management which are subject to the following 
performance conditions: 

(i)  a minimum service period, ranging between 6 and 24 months; 
(ii)  the Company share has to hit a set threshold on any 5 trading days; and 
(iii) the option holder has to be employed on the date of exercise, unless employment is terminated by the Company and 

‘good leaver provisions’ apply. 

The options are valid for 7 years from the date of grant. Some of these options were subsequently replaced during the year 
ended 31 December 2023. 

In addition, in January 2022 the Board made firm commitments to a Director and management to issue further options in 
January 2022 but with the vesting period commencing on 1 December 2021. These options have a grant date of 1 December 
2021 and have been accounted for from that date (“2021 Unissued Options”).  

65 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

21.   Share based payments (continued) 

(a) Share Options (continued) 

Share options granted in the year ended 31 December 2022 

There were no new options granted during the year. On 4 January 2022 the Company executed 4,500,000 option agreements 
in relation to the 2021 Unissued Options, which are accounted for as being issued in the preceding year.  

Share options granted in the year ended 31 December 2023 

On 3 February 2023, the Company granted 32,820,000 of new options to the Group’s Directors, employees and contractors. 
The Company also amended the vesting conditions and exercise price of 10,000,000 existing share options to align them 
with the new grant. 

The Directors have elected to account for the amendment as a cancelation of the existing options, leading to an accelerated 
recognition  of  the  remaining  option  charge  of  US$  200,000  in  the  period  ended  31  December  2023,  and  treating  the 
replacement options as a new grant. 

The new and amended options were valid for 7 years from the date of grant, or 7 years from the date of original grant for 
the amended options, with the exercise price of 3p.  

Of the 42,820,000 new and amended options granted, 37,820,000 are subject the following vesting conditions: 

(i) 

(iii) 
(iv) 

a minimum service period, ranging between 6 and 18 months and the Company share price closing at 6p or above 
on any 5 trading days; or 
the Company share price closing at 7.5p or above on any 5 trading days; or 
change of control of the Company. 

The exercise of the options is subject to continuous employment or commercial engagement with the Group on the day of 
exercise, unless terminated by the Group or the usual ‘good leaver provisions’ apply. The vesting period of these options 
is therefore variable and is linked to market-based performance conditions. 

The  remaining  5,000,000  options  were  granted  to  the  Company  CEO  on  the  same  terms  as  above  except  there  is  no 
continuous employment requirements. Therefore, and in accordance with applicable accounting standard their fair value 
was recognised in full on the date of grant.  

A Monte Carlo model was used to calculate the fair value of the options at the date of grant and, for non-CEO options, to 
estimate the most likely vesting period. The result of the valuation together with other inputs into the model are detailed 
below: 

Number of Options 
Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Term 
Expected exercise date 
Dividend yield 
Annual risk-free rate 
Volatility 

Total fair value 
Estimated vesting period for non-CEO options 

66 

3 February 2023 
 Options 

42,820,000 
1.3 
3.0 
7 years 
On vesting 
0% 
2.98% 
84.90% 

US$ 319,000  
5 to 7 years 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

21.   Share based payments (continued) 

(a) Share Options (continued) 

Share options granted in the year ended 31 December 2023 (continued) 

On 20 November 2023, the Company granted 48,000,000 share options to Directors exercisable at 1.1p per share for a 
period of 7 years.  

The Company also granted 20,000,000 share options to some consultants of the Group exercisable at 1.1p per share for a 
period  of  7  years.  These  options  are  issues  in  tranches,  with  2,000,000  options  issued  immediately  and  the  remaining 
4,000,000 and 14,000,000 options issues in 12 and 24 months respectively, subject to continuous commercial engagement 
with the Group. 

The fair value of these share options was calculated using the Black-Scholes pricing model and totalled US$ 440,000. The 
inputs in the model are as follows:  

Number of Options 
Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Term 
Expected exercise date 
Dividend yield 
Annual risk-free rate 
Volatility 

Summary 

20 November 2023 
 Options 

68,000,000 
0.7 
1.1 
7 years 
On expiry 
0% 
3.96% 
87.29% 

31 Dec 2023 

31 Dec 2022 

Number of 
Options 

Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

Number of 
Options 

Average 
exercise price 
(pence) 

At 1 January 
Granted during the year 
Cancelled 
Lapsed 
At 31 December 

45,475,000   
  110,820,000   
  (10,000,000)   
-   
  146,295,000   

4.24 
1.83 
5.50 
- 
2.33 

  46,475,000 
- 
- 
 (1,000,000) 
  45,475,000 

Exercisable at 31 December 

  114,295,000   

2.42 

  20,475,000 

4.25 
- 
- 
5.00 
4.24 

4.25 

67 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

21.   Share based payments (continued) 

(a)  Share Options (continued) 

Summary (continued) 

Share options outstanding as at 31 December 2023 have the following expiry dates and exercise prices: 

Scheme 

2018 Options 
2019 Options 
2020 Options 
2021 February Options 
2021 June Options 
2021 August Options 
2023 February Options 
2023 November Options 
Total 

Number of 
Options 

Weighted average  
exercise price 
(pence) 

Weighted average 
contractual life 
(years) 

13,400,000   
2,600,000   
2,725,000   
3,500,000   
4,750,000   
8,500,000   
42,820,000   
68,000,000   
146,295,000   

2.80 
2.50 
0.80 
3.30 
5.00 
6.20 
3.00 
1.10 
2.33 

4.85 
5.33 
6.34 
7.11 
4.43 
4.61 
5.82 
6.89 
6.14 

A charge of US$ 760,000 (2022: US$ 456,000) was recognised in profit or loss in respect of the Company share options.  

(b) Supplier warrants 

In April 2021, the Company entered into the partnership agreement with Spectral Geophysics Ltd (“Spectral”) for Spectral 
to  conduct  a  total  of  15  time-domain  electromagnetic  (“TDEM”)  surveys  for  the  KSZ  project.  Under  the  terms  of  the 
agreement, Spectral are entitled to up to a total of 3 million warrants exercisable at 4.25p per share for a period of 4 years. 
The warrants vest in tranches of 1 million each for every 5 completed TDEM surveys. As at 31 December 2023, 1 million 
(2022: 1 million) warrants are exercisable. The fair value of the warrants issued was based on the fair value of services 
received and US$ 92,000 has been capitalised as an intangible exploration asset. 

During the year ended 31 December 2022, the Company engaged Tamesis Partners LLP (“Tamesis”) to act as financial 
advisor to the Group. In consideration for the provision of the transaction services, Tamesis were awarded with 8,333,334 
warrants exercisable for two years from the date of issuance and with an exercise price of 3p per share. The warrants were 
valued using the Black Scholes pricing model with the significant inputs summarised below: 

Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Dividend yield 
Term  
Annual risk-free interest rate 
Volatility 
Number of warrants issued 
Total fair value of the warrants 

3p warrants 
1.85 
3.0 
0% 
2.0 years 
4.04% 
72.6% 
8,333,334 
US$ 51,000 

68 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

21.   Share based payments (continued) 

(b) Supplier warrants (continued) 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company issued 14,466,667 broker warrants in connection with the 2022 
5p Share placing. The warrants were valued using the Black Scholes pricing model with the significant inputs summarised 
below: 

Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Dividend yield 
Term 
Annual risk-free interest rate 
Volatility 
Number of warrants issued 
Total fair value of the warrants 

3p warrants 
1.85 
3.0 
0% 
2.0 years 
3.03% 
71.5% 
14,466,667 
US$ 90,000 

The fair value of broker warrants was charged against share premium. 

(c) Acquisition of Kanye JV 

In  2022  the  Company  issued  75,000,000  warrants  to  Power  Metals  as  part  of  the  acquisition  of  Kanye  JV  (note  13), 
consisting of 30 million warrants exercisable at 4.25p, 30 million warrants exercisable at 5.5p and 15 million of variable 
price  warrants  where  the  exercise  price  is  the  higher  of:  3p,  and  the  Company’s  actual price  at  a  15%  discount  to  the 
volume-weighted average share price on the date of exercise. If all variable price warrants were exercised prior to expiry, 
Power Metals would have received 15 million replacement warrants, on the same exercise terms and with a 6-month life 
expiry from issue date. 

The fixed exercise price warrants were valued using the Black Scholes pricing model with the significant inputs summarised 
below: 

Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Dividend yield 
Term 
Annual risk-free interest rate 
Volatility 
Number of warrants issued 
Total fair value of the warrants 

  4.25p warrants 
1.8 
4.25 
0% 
2.17 years 
3.26% 
71.2% 
30,0000,000 
US$ 123,000 

 5.5p warrants 
1.8 
5.5 
0% 
2.17 years 
3.26% 
71.2% 
  30,000,0000 
  US$ 88,000 

The value of the 15 million variable price warrants was clearly trivial and they lapsed unexercised on 7 January 2023.  

(d) Acquisition of Shongwe Resources (Pty) Ltd 

As disclosed in note 14, in 2022 the Company issued 2,000,000 warrants to LVR as part of the acquisition of the licences 
held in Shongwe Resources (Pty) Ltd. The warrants were valued using the Black Scholes pricing model with the significant 
inputs summarised below: 

Share price at the date of grant (pence) 
Exercise price (pence) 
Dividend yield 
Term  
Annual risk-free interest rate 
Volatility 
Number of warrants issued 
Total fair value of the warrants 

69 

 8.5p warrants 
1.7 
8.5 
0% 
2.0 years 
4.04% 
72.7% 
2,000,000 
US$ 2,000 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

22.  Warrant reserve 

At 1 January 
Transfer to share premium 
Share-based payments – note 21 
Warrants issued during the year – note 21 
Warrants lapsed during the year  
At 31 December 

  Group and Company 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

650 
- 
- 
90 
(131) 
609 

1,764 
(1,471) 
357 
- 
- 
650 

Details of the warrants outstanding as at 31 December 2023 are as follows: 

Warrants 

  Exercise price 

(pence) 

2021 Spectral Warrants 
2022 3.0p Placing 
2023 5.0p Broker Warrants   
2022 Shongwe Warrants 
2022 Tamesis Warrants 
2022 Power Warrants 
2022 Power Warrants 

4.25 
3.00 
3.00 
8.50 
3.00 
4.25 
5.50 

Grant date 

Expiry date 

20 April 2021 
17 November 2022 
17 November 2022 
17 November 2022 
17 November 2022 
25 November 2022 
25 November 2022 

20 April 2025 
  17 November 2024 
  17 November 2024 
  17 November 2024 
  17 November 2024 
8 January 2025 
8 January 2025 

No of Warrants 
outstanding 

1,000,000 
194,444,437 
14,466,667 
2,000,000 
8,333,334 
30,000,000 
30,000,000 
280,244,438 

During the year ended 31 December 2023, a total of 195,435,423 warrants lapsed unexercised (2022: none). 

2022 3.0p Placing 

In November 2022 as part of a share placing (note 20) the Company granted 194,444,437 warrants exercisable at 3.0p for 
a period of 2 years.  

No 3.0p warrants were exercised during the year (2022: none). 

Details of other warrants can be found in note 21(b). 

23.  Non-controlling interests 

At 1 January 
Addition on acquisition of subsidiaries 
At 31 December 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

-     
186   
186   

-  
-  
- 

As at 31 December 2023, the Group has 90% shareholding in Icon, Ashmead and Shongwe. The purpose of these entities 
is  to  hold  exploration  licences  in  Botswana.  Costs  incurred  in  these  entities  is  capitalised  as  exploration  assets.  Other 
comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests was US$ nil (2022: US$ nil). The acquisition of Icon and 
Ashmead in November 2023 is detailed in note 12 and the acquisition of Shongwe during the year ended 31 December 
2022 is detailed in note 14. 

70 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
 
   
   
 
   
   
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

24.  Financial instruments  

(a) Categories of financial instruments 

Financial assets 

Financial assets at amortised cost: 
Other receivables 
Cash and cash equivalents 
Loans to subsidiaries 

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss: 
Interest in listed securities 

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

637   
3,393   
-   
4,030   

693 
2,265 
- 
2,958 

637 
3,205 
14,223 
18,065 

693 
2,214 
9,624 
12,531 

378 

- 

- 

378 

- 

Total financial assets 

4,408 

2,958 

18,443 

12,531 

Financial liabilities 

Financial liabilities at amortised cost: 
Trade and other payables 
Deferred consideration  

Group 

Company 

31 Dec 
2023 

US$’000   

31 Dec 
2022 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

587   
681   

1,268 

526 
- 
526 

369 
681 
1,050 

466 
- 
466 

There is no material difference between the carrying value and fair value of the Group’s and Company’s cash balances, 
other receivables, loans to subsidiaries and trade and other payables because of their short maturities. 

(b) Fair value hierarchy 

Some of the Company’s financial assets are measured at fair value at the end of each reporting period. Valuation techniques 
in determining the fair values are divided into three levels based on the quality of inputs. 

There were no transfers between fair value hierarchies in the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: none). 

Level 1 – Quoted market prices 

Fair value is determined by reference to unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets where 
the quoted price is readily available. 

The  following  financial  assets  are  recognised  in  these  financial  statements  at  fair  value  through  profit  or  loss  and  are 
classified within the Level 1 category: 

Interest in listed securities 

  Group and Company 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

378  x 

- 

71 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

24.     Financial instruments (continued) 

Level 2 – Valuation techniques using observable inputs 

Fair value is determined using inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable, directly or indirectly.  

Level 3 – Valuation techniques using significant unobservable inputs 

Fair value is dependent on significant inputs that are unobservable.  

As at 31 December 2023, the Company and Group had no financial instruments carried at fair value where the fair value 
is estimated using Level 2 or Level 3 inputs.  

(c) Risk Management 

The  Board  of  Directors  has  overall  responsibility  for  the  establishment  and  oversight  of  the  Group's  risk  management 
framework. 

The Group's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate 
risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed 
regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group's activities. The Group, through its training, management 
standards  and  procedures,  aims  to  develop  a  disciplined  and  constructive  control  environment  in  which  all  employees 
understand their roles and obligations. 

The main financial risks arising from the Group’s and Company’s financial instruments are market risk, credit risk and 
liquidity risk. 

Market risk 

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices. This risk comprises currency risk, interest rate risk and equity price risk. 

72 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

24.     Financial instruments (continued) 

(i) Currency risk 

Currency risk is the risk that that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of 
changes in foreign exchange rates. Currency risk arises on financial instruments that are denominated in a different currency 
to the entity’s functional currency in which they are measured. Currency risk is monitored on a regular basis.  

The net carrying amount of financial instruments split by currency are set out below: 

Group 

GBP   
US$’000   

31 Dec 2023 
USD 
US$’000 

BWP 
  US$’000 

GBP 
    US$’000 

31 Dec 2022 
USD 
US$’000 

BWP 
US$’000 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables   
Trade and other payables 

3,027   
637   
(132)   

304 
- 
- 

( 

62 
387 
(109) 

2,226  
704 
(453) 

2 
- 
- 

37 
(11) 
(73) 

Company 

GBP   
US$’000   

31 Dec 2023 
USD 
US$’000 

BWP 
  US$’000 

GBP 
    US$’000 

31 Dec 2022 
USD 
US$’000 

BWP 
US$’000 

Cash and cash equivalents 
Trade and other receivables   
Loan to subsidiaries 
Trade and other payables 

1,084   
637   
12,442   

(132)   

1 
- 
- 

(1) 

( 

- 
- 
- 

- 

2,213  
704 
2,201 
(436) 

1 
- 
9,624 
- 

- 
- 
- 
(30) 

The Group's and Company’s exposure to foreign currency risk arises only from monetary financial instruments that are 
denominated in a different currency to the entity’s functional currency in which they are measured, which is trivial for the 
Group. 

In the year ended 31 December 2022 the Company redenominated its group loans to subsidiaries in Botswana from USD 
to  GBP.  The  Company  is  therefore  no  longer  exposed  to  the  currency  risk  on  the  loans.  Gains  and  losses  on  the 
intercompany funding loans are capitalised as part of the exploration and evaluation intangible assets and therefore there 
is no exposure for the Group as whole. Exposure to currency risk from other financial instruments is immaterial.  

(ii) Interest rate risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in interest 
rates. The exposure to this risk is not considered as the Company and Group have no external borrowing and are not relying 
on interest income for funding. 

(iii) Equity price risk 

The Group and Company are exposed to the equity price risk through their investments in ordinary shares of Power Metals 
and shares to be issued in Pambili with total carrying value of US$ 378,000 at of  31 December 2023 (2022: US$ nil). 
Securities  markets  fluctuate,  frequently  on  basis  of  uncontrollable  macroeconomic  and  geopolitical  developments.  In 
addition, there can be developments within a public company that can affect its market valuation. The Directors review 
public announcements released by Power Metals and monitor the liquidity of their shares to mitigate the financial impact 
of a sudden depreciation in their value. As the shares in Pambili remain to be issued, the Company’s interest in Pambili is 
illiquid. 

73 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

24.     Financial instruments (continued) 

Credit risk 

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual 
obligations.  

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk as 
at 31 December 2023 is detailed below: 

For the Group, credit risk arises primarily from cash balances held at banks. The risk is mitigated by using only reputable 
financial institutions with a high credit rating. The Group’s exposure to the amounts due from shareholders is discussed in 
note 20. 

The Company is additionally exposed to credit risk on the intercompany balances with its subsidiaries. The recoverability 
of these balances is linked directly to the success of the exploration activities of the Group. As discussed in  note 11, no 
impairment indicators exist on the exploration assets and thus the balances are deemed to be recoverable.  

The Group and Company do not hold any collateral as security. 

Liquidity risk 

Liquidity risk arises from the possibility that the Company and its subsidiaries might encounter difficulty in settling its 
debts or otherwise meeting its obligations related to financial liabilities. The Company manages this risk by monitoring its 
financial resources and carefully planning its exploration expenditure programmes. The Group is dependent upon equity 
fundraisings to manage its liquidity risk. 

The Group and Company have no external borrowings (2022: none) and all their liabilities are due within six months. 

(d) Capital risk management 

The Board’s objectives when  managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, to 
enable the Group to continue its exploration and evaluation activities, and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce 
the cost of capital. The Company and Group have no external borrowing and thus capital consists entirely of equity. 

25.    Commitments  

The Group’s licence expenditure commitments are: 

Within 12 months 
Years 2-5 
Total 

31 Dec 
2023 
US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

- 
510 
510 

1,496 
473 
1,969 

As at 31 December 2023 the Group had no (2022: US$ nil) contractual commitments with either geophysics or drilling 
companies and no contingent liabilities (2022: US$ nil). The Group can cancel its option agreements in Zimbabwe with no 
penalty. 

74 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
             
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

26.   Related party transactions 

Key management personnel consists of Company directors.  

Key management personnel compensation 

Short-term employee benefits 
Post-employment benefits 
Share-based payment expenses (note 21) 

  Group and Company 

31 Dec 
2023 
  US$’000 

31 Dec 
2022 
  US$’000 

 473  
 3  
 760  
 1,236  

 503  
 4  
 456  
 963  

Short-term benefits disclosed above include US$76,000 (2022: US$ nil) of annual bonuses which were accrued at year end 
and included within other payables. 

Transactions with other related parties 

Technical, consulting and administrative services were provided to Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd by 3D Exploration limited, 
a technical company majority-owned by Hilary Gumbo who is a Director of Kavango Minerals (Pty) Ltd. The total fees 
billed by 3D Exploration during the year were US $69,000 (2022: US $95,000) and the transaction was carried out at arms-
length. 

Communication services were provided Dynamic Investor Relations Ltd, a communications company majority-owned by 
Mathew Benjamin Turney who is a director of Kavango Resources Plc. The total fees billed by Dynamic Investor Relations 
Ltd during the year were US $48,000 (2022: US$ 65,000) and the transaction was carried out at arms-length. 

The Group incurred corporate consultancy costs of US$ 108,000 (2022: US$ nil) provided by Peter Wynter Bee, a non-
executive director of the Company. The transaction was carried out at arms-length and the amount remains outstanding as 
at 31 December 2023 and is included within trade payables. 

Transactions with Company subsidiaries 

During the year the Company advanced funds to Kavango Minerals (Pty) Limited totalling  US$ 1,608,000 (2022: US$ 
1,505,000).  In  addition,  US  $128,000  of  intercompany  receivable  previously  held  by  Navassa  Resources  Ltd  was 
transferred to the Company (detailed below). The total loan outstanding as at 31 December 2023 was US$ 7,903,000 (2022: 
US$ 5,831,000). A gain on foreign exchange of US$ 335,000 was included in the Company’s other comprehensive income.     

During  the  year  the  Company  advanced  funds  to  Kanye  Resources  (Pty)  Ltd  totalling  US$  1,231,000  (2022:  US$ 
3,031,000). A portion of the loan was previously held via Kanye Resources Plc, a subsidiary of the Company which was 
liquidated during the year with US$ 235,000 of the loan written-off. The total loan outstanding as at 31 December 2023 
was US$ 4,539,000 (2022: US$ 3,396,000). A gain on foreign exchange of US$ 147,000 was included in the Company’s 
other comprehensive income.  

During the year the Company advanced funds to Navassa Resources Ltd totalling US$ 13,000 (2022:US$ nil). In addition, 
Navassa Resources Ltd used US$ 128,000 of its intercompany receivable from Kavango Minerals (Pty) Limited to settle 
part of its debt with the Company. The Company impaired the carrying value of its loan receivable from and the cost of 
investment in Navassa Resources Ltd by US$ 122,000 and US$ 284,000 respectively. The total loan outstanding as at 31 
December  2023  was  US$  nil  (2022:  US$  251,000).  A  loss  on  foreign  exchange  of  US$  14,000  was  included  in  the 
Company’s profit or loss.  

During the year the Company advanced funds to Kavango Zimbabwe (Private) Limited totalling US$ 466,000 (2022: US$ 
nil). The total loan outstanding on 31 December 2023 was US$ 466,000 (2022: US$ nil).  

During the year, as part of the acquisition Ashmead Holdings (Pty) Ltd and Icon-Trading Company (Pty) Ltd, the Company 
acquired intercompany receivables from these two entities of US$ 436,000 and US$ 880,000 respectively, which remain 
outstanding as at 31 December 2023. 

75 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KAVANGO RESOURCES PLC 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS  
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023 (continued) 

27.  Events after the reporting date 

After the year-end, the Company formed a new subsidiary in Zimbabwe, Kavango Mining (Pvt) Limited, which on 8 March 
2024 signed its first contract to commence immediate gold mining operations at the Hillside Project. The contract is not 
contingent on the Company exercising its option to acquire the project and is planned to represent the Group’s first revenue 
stream. An update on the Group’s exploration activities is included in the Operations Report.  

28.   Ultimate Controlling Party 

The Directors do not believe that there is an ultimate controlling party of the Group. 

76