Kemper
Annual Report 2015

Plain-text annual report

(cid:43)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:84)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:81)(cid:84)(cid:78)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:84)(cid:67)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:42)(cid:81)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3) (cid:35)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:56)(cid:67)(cid:78)(cid:87)(cid:67)(cid:68)(cid:78)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:46)(cid:75)(cid:72) (cid:71) (cid:42)(cid:71)(cid:67)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:74)(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:46)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:60)(cid:286)(cid:373)(cid:393)(cid:286)(cid:396)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:410)(cid:3)(cid:258)(cid:3)(cid:336)(cid:367)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:286)(cid:3) Kemper Corporation (NYSE: KMPR) is a leading multi-line insurance holding company providing home, auto, life and health products to serve the individual and business markets in the United States. Kemper markets to its customers through a network of independent agents, brokers and career agents. Our heritage With a history of providing insurance for more than a century, Kemper remains committed to serving its customers. The holding company was initially part of Teledyne, Inc., where it grew through a series of acquisitions. In 1990 the company spun off as Unitrin, Inc., and in 2011 it rebranded itself as Kemper Corporation. Today Kemper’s 6,000 associates provide innovative solutions for policyholders and agents. (cid:38)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:258)(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:349)(cid:258)(cid:367)(cid:3)(cid:346)(cid:349)(cid:336)(cid:346)(cid:367)(cid:349)(cid:336)(cid:346)(cid:410)(cid:400)(cid:3) Earned premiums 2500 (cid:3) ) M M $ ( 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Net income 250 ) (cid:3) M M $ ( 200 150 100 50 0 ) Shareholders’ equity M M $ ( 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Book value per share (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) Share repurchases 120 ) (cid:3) M M $ ( 100 80 60 40 20 0 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) Dividends per share ) $ ( 1.00 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) )(cid:3) $ ( 40 30 20 10 0 (cid:3) (cid:3) (cid:3) To our shareholders, I’m proud to be a part of the Kemper team. Since joining the company late in the year, I have been doing a deep dive— analyzing, questioning, evaluating everything—to define the best path for us to achieve our full potential. I plan to share an updated strategy with you this summer. In the meantime, we are focused on stabilizing our current business performance and improving our core results. Our business model is based on partnering with talented agents to deliver insurance solutions to serve our customers’ unique home, auto, life and health needs. We are proud to fulfill our promises to policyholders—helping them when they need us most. It’s our value proposition, and we do it well. We appreciate your interest in Kemper and value the trust you place in us. Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. The year in review 2015 was a year of mixed results. Our underlying Life & Health businesses remained stable and profitable. Our investment portfolio once again performed well. Efforts in the preferred home and auto lines resulted in modest improvements in underlying profitability and production trends. In April, we acquired Alliance United, giving us more scale in the nonstandard auto market in California. Overall, however, nonstandard auto proved to be an area of challenge this year. Over the past several years, we’ve taken a number of actions to restore profitability in our preferred home and auto lines. These actions have resulted in several years of underlying profitability improvement, but pressured our top line. This year again saw modest improvement in underlying profitability, and while written premiums continued to decline, we saw improved retention and new business writings. The business is clearly moving in the right direction, but has a way to go. Our nonstandard auto lines experienced a number of challenges in the year. The industry saw significant increases in loss costs, most heavily concentrated in our largest states, including California. Both our legacy and Alliance United (cid:271)(cid:437)(cid:400)(cid:349)(cid:374)(cid:286)(cid:400)(cid:400)(cid:286)(cid:400) experienced deteriorating profitability. We have a lot of work to do in the coming year to achieve the results we seek. Although we have some near term challenges, we still see the same strategic value in Alliance United that we did prior to the acquisition. Focused on our agents and customers At Kemper, we like to think of ourselves as an agent company. By partnering with agents who know how to offer the right solution for each unique need, we provide excellent products and services tailored to meet our policyholders’ specific situations. And we continue to innovate on all fronts because we’re never done improving. Perhaps most important, I am impressed to see Kemper associates committed to doing the right thing every day for our customers, agents and shareholders. That’s what it takes to win in this marketplace. Improving performance Across each of our businesses we continue to find ways to streamline our processes and deliver overall cost savings. We reinvest some of these savings into key initiatives, yet most of the savings go directly to reducing expenses, which has been especially important given the recent premium trends. repurchases, Kemper returned $93 million, or 4 percent of our shareholders’ equity, to shareholders in 2015. With regard to catastrophes, our priority is to protect our balance sheet. We continued to reduce exposures in catastrophe-prone areas and took advantage of competitive reinsurance prices to lower total costs. I am pleased to report that our investment portfolio continues to be an area of strength for us. The portfolio delivered a pre-tax equivalent yield of 5.3 percent, net investment income of $303 million, $25 million of gains, net of impairments, and a total return of 2.2 percent for the year. Our core portfolio is a well-diversified mix of fixed maturity and short-term securities that are rated “A-” on average. Around this core portfolio, we maintain a broad mix of equity securities and alternative investments such as limited partnerships and directly-owned real estate. As we acknowledge market volatility may normalize from the low levels seen in recent years, we will continue to focus on generating strong investment returns while monitoring and diversifying our portfolio’s risks. Capital allocation Honoring our heritage; charting our future I want to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of my predecessor, Don Southwell, these past 20 years. He is a man of integrity and honor. While we’ve been writing insurance policies for more than a century, we are in the midst of exciting times…focusing our strategy to fulfill our potential. My commitment to you, our shareholders, is to engage with our team to refine and implement our plan to move forward. I view Kemper as a company in transition, which was one aspect that attracted me. In Kemper, I see both underlying strengths and opportunities to increase profitability and growth. As I look forward, I plan to leverage the many things that are working well and build the capabilities we need to deliver the results you deserve. I look forward to developing and implementing a roadmap to enable us to serve our policyholders, our agents and you, our shareholders, well into the future. Ending the year with $2.0 billion of shareholders’ equity puts us in a strong capital position. February 12, 2016 Decisions we make regarding capital can have a profound impact on our success both in the short term and long term. We take that responsibility seriously, so capital allocation will be an important aspect of the strategy we are developing. In 2015 we repurchased 1.2 million shares of common stock at a cost of $43.5 million and maintained a competitive common stock quarterly dividend of $0.24 per share. In total, with dividends and common stock Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Kemper Corporation Kemper Corporation: • $8.0 billion total assets • $2.0 billion shareholders’ equity • 27% debt-to-capitalization ratio • 90% of fixed maturity portfolio rated investment grade • Strong capital & liquidity position • Conservative balance sheet UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission file number: 001-18298 Kemper Corporation (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) One East Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois (Address of principal executive offices) 95-4255452 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) 60601 (Zip Code) (312) 661-4600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Common Stock, $0.10 par value per share 7.375% Subordinated Debentures due 2054 Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange New York Stock Exchange Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes No Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes No Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. No Accelerated filer Non-accelerated filer Smaller Reporting Company Large accelerated filer Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes As of June 30, 2015, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $2.0 billion based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange. Solely for purposes of this calculation, all executive officers and directors of the registrant are considered affiliates. Registrant had 51,325,205 shares of common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2016. Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 4, 2016 are incorporated by reference into Part III. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Table of Contents Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements ................................................................................................. Part I Business .............................................................................................................................................. Item 1. Item 1A. Risk Factors ........................................................................................................................................ Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments............................................................................................................... Properties ............................................................................................................................................ Item 2. Legal Proceedings............................................................................................................................... Item 3. Mine Safety Disclosures ..................................................................................................................... Item 4. Part II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities ............................................................................................................................. Selected Financial Data ...................................................................................................................... Item 6. Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations............. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk............................................................ Financial Statements and Supplementary Data .................................................................................. Item 8. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure............. Item 9. Item 9A. Controls and Procedures ..................................................................................................................... Item 9B. Other Information ............................................................................................................................... Part III Item 10. Item 11. Item 12. Item 13. Item 14. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance ................................................................. Executive Compensation .................................................................................................................... Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters ............................................................................................................................................ Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence ................................... Principal Accounting Fees and Services............................................................................................. Part IV Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules............................................................................................ Power of Attorney.................................................................................................................................................. Signatures............................................................................................................................................................... Financial Statement Schedules: Schedule 1 - Investments Other than Investments in Related Parties............................................................... Schedule 2 - Parent Company Financial Statements ........................................................................................ Schedule 3 - Supplementary Insurance Information......................................................................................... Schedule 4 - Reinsurance Schedule .................................................................................................................. Exhibit Index.......................................................................................................................................................... 1 3 12 20 21 21 21 22 25 26 62 64 123 123 124 125 125 125 126 126 127 128 128 SCH I-1 SCH II-1 SCH III-1 SCH IV-1 E-1 Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “2015 Annual Report”), including, but not limited to, the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries (individually and collectively referred to herein as the “Company”) and the notes thereto appearing in Item 8 herein (the “Consolidated Financial Statements”), the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in Item 7 herein (the “MD&A”) and the other Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules filed as a part hereof or incorporated by reference herein, may contain or incorporate by reference information that includes or is based on forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe-harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements give expectations or forecasts of future events. The reader can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. They use words such as “believe(s),” “goal(s),” “target(s),” “estimate(s),” “anticipate(s),” “forecast(s),” “project(s),” “plan(s),” “intend(s),” “expect(s),” “might,” “may,” “could” and other terms of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements, in particular, include statements relating to future actions, prospective services or products, future performance or results of current and anticipated services or products, sales efforts, expenses, the outcome of contingencies such as legal proceedings, trends in operations and financial results. Any or all forward-looking statements may turn out to be wrong, and, accordingly, Kemper cautions readers not to place undue reliance on such statements. Kemper bases these statements on current expectations and the current economic environment as of the date of this 2015 Annual Report. They involve a number of risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. These statements are not guarantees of future performance; actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties that may be important in determining the Company’s actual future results and financial condition. In addition to those factors discussed below under Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” in this 2015 Annual Report, the reader should consider the following list of general factors that, among others, could cause the Company’s actual results and financial condition to differ materially from estimated results and financial condition: Factors related to the legal and regulatory environment in which Kemper and its subsidiaries operate • Outcomes of state initiatives that could result in significant changes to, or interpretations of, unclaimed property laws or significant changes in claims handling practices with respect to life insurance policies, particularly any that involve retroactive application of new requirements to existing life insurance policy contracts; • Adverse outcomes in litigation or other legal or regulatory proceedings involving Kemper or its subsidiaries or affiliates; • Governmental actions, including, but not limited to, implementation of new federal and state laws and regulations, and court decisions interpreting existing laws and regulations or policy provisions; • Uncertainties related to regulatory approval of insurance rates, policy forms, insurance products, license applications, dividends from insurance subsidiaries, acquisitions of businesses and other matters within the purview of state insurance regulators; Factors relating to insurance claims and related reserves in the Company’s insurance businesses • The incidence, frequency and severity of catastrophes occurring in any particular reporting period or geographic area, including natural disasters, pandemics and terrorist attacks or other man-made events; • The number and severity of insurance claims (including those associated with catastrophe losses); • Changes in facts and circumstances affecting assumptions used in determining loss and loss adjustment expenses (“LAE”) reserves, including, but not limited to, the number and severity of insurance claims and development patterns; • The impact of inflation on insurance claims, including, but not limited to, the effects on personal injury claims of increasing medical costs and the effects on property claims attributed to scarcity of resources available to rebuild damaged structures, including labor and materials and the amount of salvage value recovered for damaged property; • Developments related to insurance policy claims and coverage issues, including, but not limited to, interpretations or decisions by courts or regulators that may govern or influence losses incurred in connection with hurricanes and other catastrophes; • Orders, interpretations or other actions by regulators that impact the reporting, adjustment and payment of claims; 1 • Changes in the pricing or availability of reinsurance, or in the financial condition of reinsurers and amounts recoverable therefrom; Factors related to the Company’s ability to compete • Changes in the ratings by rating agencies of Kemper and/or its insurance company subsidiaries with regard to credit, financial strength, claims paying ability and other areas on which the Company is rated; • The level of success and costs incurred in realizing or maintaining economies of scale, implementing significant business consolidations, reorganizations and technology initiatives and integrating acquired businesses; • Absolute and relative performance of the Company’s products or services, including, but not limited to, the level of success achieved in designing and introducing new insurance products; • The ability of the Company to maintain the availability of critical systems and manage technology initiatives cost- effectively to address insurance industry developments and regulatory requirements; • Heightened competition, including, with respect to pricing, entry of new competitors and alternate distribution channels, introduction of new technologies, emergence of telematics, refinements of existing products and development of new products by current or future competitors; Factors relating to the business environment in which Kemper and its subsidiaries operate • Changes in general economic conditions, including, but not limited to, performance of financial markets, interest rates, inflation, unemployment rates and fluctuating values of particular investments held by the Company; • Absolute and relative performance of investments held by the Company; • Changes in insurance industry trends and significant industry developments; • Changes in consumer trends and significant consumer or product developments; • Changes in capital requirements, including the calculations thereof, used by regulators and rating agencies; • Regulatory, accounting or tax changes that may affect the cost of, or demand for, the Company’s products or services or after-tax returns from the Company’s investments; • The impact of required participation in windpools and joint underwriting associations, residual market assessments and assessments for insurance industry insolvencies; • Changes in distribution channels, methods or costs resulting from changes in laws or regulations, lawsuits or market • forces; Increased costs and risks related to cybersecurity and information technology, including, but not limited to, identity theft, data breaches and system disruptions affecting services and actions taken to minimize the risks thereof; and Other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in Kemper’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Kemper cannot provide any assurances that the results contemplated in any forward-looking statements will be achieved or will be achieved in any particular timetable or that future events or developments will not cause such statements to be inaccurate. Kemper assumes no obligation to correct or update any forward-looking statements publicly for any changes in events or developments or in the Company’s expectations or results subsequent to the date of this 2015 Annual Report. Kemper advises the reader, however, to consult any further disclosures Kemper makes on related subjects in its filings with the SEC. 2 Item 1. Business. PART I Kemper is a diversified insurance holding company, with subsidiaries that provide automobile, homeowners, life, health, and other insurance products to individuals and businesses. Kemper’s annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on current reports on Form 8-K and amendments thereto are accessible free of charge through Kemper’s website, kemper.com, and as soon as reasonably practicable after such materials are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. (a) GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS Issuance of 2025 Senior Notes and Retirement of 2015 Senior Notes On February 24, 2015, Kemper issued $250.0 million of its 4.35% senior notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of the issuance were $247.3 million, net of discount and transaction costs, for an effective yield of 4.49%. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices. Kemper used the net proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Senior Notes, together with available cash, to redeem in full the $250.0 million outstanding principal amount of its 6.00% Senior Notes due November 30, 2015. Purchase of Alliance United Group On April 30, 2015, Kemper acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of Alliance United Group and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Alliance United Insurance Company and Alliance United Insurance Services, (individually and collectively referred to herein as “Alliance United”) in a cash transaction for a total purchase price of $71.0 million, of which $17.5 million is being held in escrow to secure the sellers’ potential indemnification obligations under the purchase agreement. After completing the transaction, Kemper contributed $75.0 million to support the book of business acquired and commuted a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Alliance United had ceded a portion of its business to an unaffiliated reinsurer. Alliance United is a provider of nonstandard personal automobile insurance in California. As a result of the acquisition, the Company increased its presence in the California nonstandard automobile insurance market by gaining access to additional brokers and gained expertise in serving the Hispanic market. See MD&A, “Property & Casualty Insurance,” MD&A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and Note 3, “Acquisition of Business,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information pertaining to the acquisition of Alliance United. (b) BUSINESS SEGMENT FINANCIAL DATA Financial information about Kemper’s business segments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is contained in the following sections of this 2015 Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference: (i) Note 18, “Business Segments,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements and (ii) MD&A. (c) DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Kemper is a diversified insurance holding company, with subsidiaries that provide automobile, homeowners, life, health, and other insurance products to individuals and businesses. The Company is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance businesses. The Company conducts its operations through two operating segments: Property & Casualty Insurance and Life & Health Insurance. The Company conducts its operations solely in the United States. Kemper’s subsidiaries employ approximately 5,600 full-time associates supporting their operations, of which approximately 1,850 are employed in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment, approximately 3,250 are employed in the Life & Health Insurance segment and the remainder are employed in various corporate and other staff and shared functions. 3 General Property and Casualty Insurance Business The Property & Casualty Insurance segment provides automobile, homeowners, renters, fire, umbrella and other types of property and casualty insurance to individuals and commercial automobile insurance to businesses. Property insurance indemnifies an insured with an interest in physical property for loss of, or damage to, such property. Casualty insurance primarily covers liability for damage to property of, or injury to, a person or entity other than the insured. In most cases, casualty insurance also obligates the insurance company to provide a defense for the insured in litigation arising out of events covered by the policy. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment distributes its products primarily through independent agents and brokers who are paid commissions for their services. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s direct-to-consumer operations, which were placed into run-off in 2012, accounted for approximately 6% of the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s earned premiums in 2015. In addition, the Life & Health Insurance segment’s career agents also sell contents coverage for personal property to its customers. Earned premiums from automobile insurance accounted for 54%, 48% and 50% of the Company’s consolidated insurance premiums earned in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Revenues from automobile insurance accounted for 48%, 43% and 44% of Kemper’s consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Automobile insurance products include personal automobile insurance, ranging from preferred to nonstandard risks, and commercial automobile insurance. Nonstandard personal automobile insurance policyholders tend to have difficulty obtaining standard or preferred risk insurance, usually because of their driving records, claims experience or premium payment history. Homeowners insurance accounted for 14%, 17% and 16% of the Company’s consolidated insurance premiums earned in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Homeowners insurance accounted for 13%, 15% and 14% of the Company’s consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment is headquartered in Chicago, Illinois, and conducts business in 47 states and the District of Columbia. The segment’s insurance products are offered by approximately 18,000 independent insurance agents and brokers. As shown in the following table, five states provided 71% of the segment’s premium revenues in 2015. State California .................................................................................................................................................................... Texas ........................................................................................................................................................................... New York .................................................................................................................................................................... North Carolina............................................................................................................................................................. Oregon......................................................................................................................................................................... Percentage of Total Premiums 39% 12 11 6 3 4 Property and Casualty Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves The Company’s reserves for losses and LAE for property and casualty insurance (“Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves”) are reported using the Company’s estimate of its ultimate liability for losses and LAE for claims that occurred prior to the end of any given accounting period but have not yet been paid. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves by business segment at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Business Segments: 2015 2014 Property & Casualty Insurance ............................................................................................................ Life & Health Insurance ....................................................................................................................... Total Business Segments........................................................................................................................... Discontinued Operations........................................................................................................................... Unallocated Reserves ................................................................................................................................ Total Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves...................................................................................... $ $ 800.5 5.2 805.7 51.0 6.1 862.8 $ $ 651.1 4.5 655.6 70.2 8.1 733.9 In estimating the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, the Company’s actuaries exercise professional judgment and must consider, and are influenced by, many variables that are difficult to quantify. Accordingly, the process of estimating and establishing the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves is inherently uncertain and the actual ultimate net cost of claims may vary materially from the estimated amounts reserved. The reserving process is particularly imprecise for claims involving asbestos, environmental matters, construction defect and other emerging and/or long-tailed exposures that may not be discovered or reported until years after the insurance policy period has ended. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves related to the Company’s Discontinued Operations are predominantly long-tailed exposures, of which $20.3 million was related to asbestos, environmental matters and construction defect exposures at December 31, 2015. See MD&A, “Critical Accounting Estimates,” under the caption “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses” beginning on page 57 for a discussion of the Company’s reserving process and the factors considered by the Company’s actuaries in estimating the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves. The Company’s goal is to ensure that its total reserves for property and casualty insurance losses and LAE are adequate to cover all costs, while minimizing variation from the time reserves for losses and LAE are initially estimated until losses and LAE are fully developed. Changes in the Company’s estimates of these losses and LAE, also referred to as “development,” will occur over time and may be material. Favorable development is recognized and reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements when the Company decreases its previous estimate of ultimate losses and LAE and results in an increase in net income in the period recognized, whereas adverse development is recognized and reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements when the Company increases its previous estimate of ultimate losses and LAE and results in a decrease in net income. Development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years for each of the Company’s continuing business segments and discontinued operations in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Continuing Operations: Favorable (Adverse) Development 2015 2014 2013 Property & Casualty Insurance......................................................................................... $ Life & Health Insurance ................................................................................................... Total Favorable Development from Continuing Operations, Net ......................................... Discontinued Operations ....................................................................................................... Total Favorable Development, Net........................................................................................ $ 12.9 (1.4) 11.5 8.6 20.1 $ $ 54.4 (0.9) 53.5 3.6 57.1 $ $ 58.0 1.8 59.8 4.8 64.6 See MD&A, “Loss and LAE Reserve Development,” “Property & Casualty Insurance,” and “Life & Health Insurance,” for the impact of development on the results reported by the Company’s business segments. Also see MD&A, “Critical Accounting Estimates,” under the caption “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses” beginning on page 57 for additional information about the Company’s reserving practices. See Note 6, “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a tabular reconciliation of the three most recent annual periods setting forth the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves as of the beginning of each year, incurred losses and LAE for insured events of the current year, changes in incurred losses and LAE for insured events of prior years, payments of losses and LAE for insured events of the current year, payments of losses and LAE 5 for insured events of prior years and the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves at the end of the year and additional information regarding the nature of adjustments to incurred losses and LAE for insured events of prior years. Catastrophe Losses Catastrophes and natural disasters are inherent risks of the property and casualty insurance business. These catastrophic events and natural disasters include, without limitation, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, hailstorms, wildfires, high winds and winter storms. Such events result in insured losses that are, and are expected to be, a material factor in the results of operations and financial position of Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies. Further, because the level of insured losses that could occur in any one year cannot be accurately predicted, these losses contribute to material year-to-year fluctuations in the results of operations and financial position of these companies. Specific types of catastrophic events are more likely to occur at certain times within the year than others. This factor adds an element of seasonality to property and casualty insurance claims. The occurrence and severity of catastrophic events cannot be accurately predicted in any year. However, some geographic locations are more susceptible to these events than others. The Company has endeavored to manage its direct insurance exposures in certain regions that are prone to naturally occurring catastrophic events through a combination of geographic diversification, restrictions on the amount and location of new business production in such regions, modifications of, and/or limitations to coverages and deductibles for certain perils in such regions and reinsurance. The Company has adopted the industry-wide catastrophe classifications of storms and other events promulgated by Insurance Services Office, Inc. (“ISO”) to track and report losses related to catastrophes. ISO classifies a disaster as a catastrophe when the event causes $25 million or more in direct insured losses to property and affects a significant number of policyholders and insurers. ISO-classified catastrophes are assigned a unique serial number recognized throughout the insurance industry. The discussions throughout this 2015 Annual Report utilize ISO’s definition of catastrophes. The process of estimating and establishing reserves for catastrophe losses is inherently uncertain and the actual ultimate cost of a claim, net of reinsurance recoveries, may vary materially from the estimated amount reserved. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “Catastrophe losses could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and/ or financial condition” for a discussion of catastrophe risk. See Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the factors that influence the process of estimating and establishing reserves for catastrophes. Reinsurance The Company manages its exposure to catastrophes and other natural disasters through a combination of geographical diversification, restrictions on the amount and location of risks insured in certain regions and reinsurance. To limit its exposures to catastrophic events, the Company maintains a primary catastrophe reinsurance program for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment. Coverage for the primary catastrophe reinsurance program is provided in various layers and reinsurance contracts. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment and the Life & Health Insurance segment also purchase reinsurance from the Florida Hurricane Catastrophe Fund (the “FHCF”) for hurricane losses in Florida at retentions lower than those described below for the Company’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program. Coverage for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program for 2016 is provided by two three-year reinsurance contracts. Each reinsurance contract provides coverage in two layers, which together provide coverage for losses on individual catastrophes of $300 million in excess of $50 million. The first reinsurance contract provides coverage over the three-year period of January 1, 2015 through December 31, 2017 (the “2015 Reinsurance Contract”). The percentage of coverage under the 2015 Reinsurance Contract in the first, second and third years is 95%, 63.3% and 31.7%, respectively. Under the 2015 Reinsurance Contract, the participation of each reinsurer decreases by one-third in the second year and another one-third in the third year. Accordingly, in order to maintain the same percentage of coverage for 2016 as provided in the initial year of the 2015 Reinsurance Contract, the Property & Casualty Insurance segment entered into a second reinsurance contract covering the three-year period of January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018 (the “2016 Reinsurance Contract”). Under the 2016 Reinsurance Contract, the percentage of coverage is 31.7% for each year in the three-year period, and participation of each reinsurer remains the same over the entire three-year period. Coverage provided under the combined programs for 2016 (January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016) is provided in various layers as presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Retained..................................................................................................................... $ 1st Layer of Coverage ............................................................................................... 2nd Layer of Coverage .............................................................................................. Catastrophe Losses and LAE In Excess of — $ 50.0 150.0 Up to 50.0 150.0 350.0 Percentage of Coverage —% 95.0 95.0 6 To maintain the same percentage of coverage in subsequent years as provided by the combined programs in 2016, the Property & Casualty Insurance segment will need to purchase additional reinsurance in the future. The estimated aggregate annual premium in 2016 for the combined programs presented in the preceding table is $12.6 million. Premiums due to the reinsurers will decrease proportionately with the decline in their respective participations in the second and third years of the 2015 Reinsurance Contract. In the event that the Company’s incurred catastrophe losses and LAE covered by its catastrophe reinsurance program exceed the retention for a particular layer, the combined programs require one reinstatement of such coverage. In such an instance, the Company is required to pay a reinstatement premium to the reinsurers to reinstate the full amount of reinsurance available under such layer. The reinstatement premium for the first layer of coverage is a percentage of the full original premium based on the ratio of the losses in excess of the Company’s retention to the reinsurers’ coverage limit. The reinstatement premium for the second layer of coverage is a percentage of half the original premium based on the ratio of the losses in excess of the Company’s retention to the reinsurers’ coverage limit. The coverage presented in the preceding table differs from the coverage provided in 2014 and 2013. See Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information pertaining to the primary catastrophe reinsurance programs for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment for 2014 and 2013. In addition to the catastrophe loss exposures caused by natural events described above, Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies are exposed to losses from catastrophic events that are not the result of acts of nature, such as acts of terrorism, the nature, occurrence and severity of which in any period cannot be accurately predicted. The companies have reinsurance coverage to address certain exposures to potential future terrorist attacks. The reinsurance coverage for certified events, as designated by the federal government, is from the Terrorist Risk Insurance Act and the coverage for non-certified events is available in the catastrophe reinsurance program for Kemper’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment. However, certain perils, such as biological, chemical, nuclear pollution or contamination, are excluded from the reinsurance coverage for non-certified events. In addition to the catastrophe reinsurance programs described above, Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies utilize other reinsurance arrangements to limit their maximum loss, provide greater diversification of risk and minimize exposures on larger risks. Under the various reinsurance arrangements, Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies are indemnified by reinsurers for certain losses incurred under insurance policies issued by the reinsurers. As indemnity reinsurance does not discharge an insurer from its direct obligations to policyholders on risks insured, Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies remain directly liable. However, provided that the reinsurers meet their obligations, the net liability for Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies is limited to the amount of risk that they retain. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies purchase their reinsurance only from reinsurers rated “A-” or better by A. M. Best Co., Inc. (“A.M. Best”), at the time of purchase. A.M. Best is an organization that specializes in rating insurance and reinsurance companies. For further discussion of the reinsurance programs, see Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” and Note 21, “Other Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Pricing Pricing levels for property and casualty insurance products are influenced by many factors, including the frequency and severity of claims, state regulation and legislation, competition, general business and economic conditions, including market rates of interest, inflation, expense levels, and judicial decisions. In addition, many state regulators require consideration of investment income when approving or setting rates, which could reduce underwriting margins. See MD&A under the caption “Property & Casualty Insurance.” Competition Based on the most recent annual data published by A.M. Best, as of the end of 2014, there were 1,242 property and casualty insurance groups in the United States. Kemper’s property and casualty group was among the top 8% of property and casualty insurance groups in the United States as measured by net written premiums, policyholders’ surplus and admitted assets in 2014. Among all personal lines automobile insurance writers, Kemper’s property and casualty group was the 26th largest writer as measured by net written premiums in 2014. 7 Rankings by admitted assets, net premiums written and capital and surplus were: Measurement Net Admitted Assets.............................................................................................................................. Net Written Premiums........................................................................................................................... Capital and Surplus................................................................................................................................ Ordinal Percentile Rank Rank 89 55 91 92% 95 92 In 2014, the U.S. property and casualty insurance industry’s estimated net premiums written were $507 billion, of which nearly 80% were accounted for by the top 50 groups of property and casualty insurance companies. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies wrote less than 1% of the industry’s 2014 premium volume. The property and casualty insurance industry is highly competitive, particularly with respect to personal automobile insurance. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance companies compete on the basis of, among other measures, (i) using suitable pricing segmentation, (ii) maintaining underwriting discipline, (iii) settling claims timely and efficiently, (iv) offering products in selected markets or geographies, (v) utilizing technological innovations for the marketing and sale of insurance, (vi) controlling expenses, (vii) maintaining adequate ratings from A.M. Best and other ratings agencies and (viii) providing quality services to independent agents and policyholders. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “The insurance industry is highly competitive, making it difficult to grow profitability and within expectations of investors.” Life and Health Insurance Business The Company’s Life & Health Insurance segment consists of Kemper’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, United Insurance Company of America (“United Insurance”), The Reliable Life Insurance Company (“Reliable”), Union National Life Insurance Company (“Union National Life”), Mutual Savings Life Insurance Company (“Mutual Savings Life”), United Casualty Insurance Company of America (“United Casualty”), Union National Fire Insurance Company (“Union National Fire”), Mutual Savings Fire Insurance Company (“Mutual Savings Fire”) and Reserve National Insurance Company (“Reserve National”). As discussed below, United Insurance, Reliable, Union National Life, Mutual Savings Life, United Casualty, Union National Fire and Mutual Savings Fire (the “Kemper Home Service Companies”) distribute their products through a network of employee, or “career,” agents. Reserve National distributes its products through a network of independent agents and brokers. These career agents, independent agents and brokers are paid commissions for their services. Earned premiums from life insurance accounted for 19%, 21% and 19% of the Company’s consolidated insurance premiums earned in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Revenues from life insurance accounted for 25%, 27% and 24% of the Company’s consolidated revenues from continuing operations in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. As shown in the following table, five states provided 51% of the premium revenues in this segment in 2015. State Texas ........................................................................................................................................................................... Louisiana ..................................................................................................................................................................... Alabama ...................................................................................................................................................................... Mississippi .................................................................................................................................................................. Florida ......................................................................................................................................................................... Percentage of Total Premiums 21% 12 7 6 5 Kemper Home Service Companies The Kemper Home Service Companies, based in St. Louis, Missouri, focus on providing individual life and supplemental accident and health insurance products to customers of modest incomes who desire basic protection for themselves and their families. Their leading product is ordinary life insurance, including permanent and term insurance. Face amounts of these policies are lower than those of policies typically sold to higher income customers by other companies in the life insurance industry. Approximately 78% of the Life & Health Insurance segment’s premium revenues are generated by the Kemper Home Service Companies. The Kemper Home Service Companies employ nearly 2,200 career agents to distribute insurance products in 25 states and the District of Columbia. These career agents are full-time employees who call on customers in their homes to sell insurance products, provide services related to policies in force and collect premiums, typically monthly. Premiums average about $20 per 8 policy per month with an average face value of $5,300. Permanent and term policies are offered primarily on a non- participating, guaranteed-cost basis. These career agents also distribute and/or service certain property insurance products for the Kemper Home Service Companies. Reserve National Reserve National, based in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is licensed in 48 states throughout the United States and has traditionally specialized in the sale of Medicare Supplement insurance and limited health insurance coverages, such as fixed indemnity and accident-only plans, primarily to individuals in rural areas who often do not have access to a broad array of accident and health insurance products tailored to meet their individual and family needs. Reserve National’s traditional distribution channel consists of approximately 300 independent agents. Reserve National began expanding its distribution channels during 2013 by launching two marketing channel initiatives — Kemper Senior Solutions and Kemper Benefits. Kemper Senior Solutions markets life insurance and home health care products focusing on the individual, senior-age demographic of the market place. Kemper Benefits sells voluntary products in the employer market place. Brokers and non-exclusive independent agents are utilized to market and distribute products in these new distribution channels. Reserve National has appointed approximately 22,000 independent agents in connection with these initiatives. Reinsurance Consistent with insurance industry practice, the Company’s life and health insurance companies utilize reinsurance arrangements to limit their maximum loss, provide greater diversification of risk and minimize exposures on larger risks in its life and health insurance businesses. As the face amounts of its issued policies are relatively small, the ceded risks and corresponding premiums are also relatively small, particularly when compared to other companies in the industry. The segment is also exposed to losses from catastrophes arising from insurance policies distributed by career agents of the Kemper Home Service Companies. Over the last several years, the Kemper Home Service Companies have been intentionally reducing their exposure to catastrophic events through the run-off of their dwelling insurance business. Accordingly, except for reinsurance provided by the FHCF for catastrophe losses in Florida, the Kemper Home Service Companies have not carried catastrophe reinsurance since 2012. Lapse Ratio The lapse ratio is a measure of a life insurer’s loss of in-force policies. For a given year, this ratio is commonly computed as the total face amount of individual life insurance policies lapsed, surrendered, expired and decreased during such year, less policies increased and revived during such year, divided by the total face amount of policies at the beginning of the year plus the face amount of policies issued and reinsurance assumed in the prior year. The Life & Health Insurance segment’s lapse ratio for individual life insurance was 6%, 7% and 7% in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The customer base served by the Kemper Home Service Companies and competing life insurance companies tends to have a higher incidence of lapse than other demographic segments of the population. Thus, to maintain or increase the level of its business, the Kemper Home Service Companies must write a high volume of new policies. Pricing Premiums for life and health insurance products are based on assumptions with respect to mortality, morbidity, investment yields, expenses, and lapses and are also affected by state laws and regulations, as well as competition. Pricing assumptions are based on the experience of Kemper’s life and health insurance subsidiaries, as well as the industry in general, depending on the factor being considered. The actual profit or loss produced by a product will vary from the anticipated profit if the actual experience differs from the assumptions used in pricing the product. Premiums for policies sold by the Kemper Home Service Companies are set at levels designed to cover the relatively high cost of “in-home” servicing of such policies. As a result, Kemper Home Service Companies’ premiums have a higher load for expense than the life insurance industry average. Premiums for Medicare supplement and other accident and health policies must take into account the rising costs of medical care. The annual rate of medical cost inflation has historically been higher than the general rate of inflation, necessitating frequent rate increases, most of which are subject to approval by state regulators. 9 Competition Based on the most recent data published by A.M. Best, as of the end of 2014, there were 466 life and health insurance company groups in the United States. The Company’s Life & Health Insurance segment ranked in the top 20% of life and health insurance company groups, as measured by admitted assets, net premiums written and capital and surplus. Rankings by admitted assets, net premiums written and capital and surplus were: Measurement Net Admitted Assets.............................................................................................................................. Net Written Premiums........................................................................................................................... Capital and Surplus................................................................................................................................ Ordinal Percentile Rank Rank 87 93 91 81% 80 80 Kemper’s life and health insurance subsidiaries generally compete by using appropriate pricing, offering products to selected markets or geographies, controlling expenses, maintaining adequate ratings from A.M. Best and providing competitive services to agents and policyholders. Investments The quality, nature and amount of the various types of investments that can be made by insurance companies are regulated by state laws. Depending on the state, these laws permit investments in qualified assets, including, but not limited to, municipal, state and federal government obligations, corporate bonds, real estate, preferred and common stocks, investment partnerships, limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships. In addition, the quality, nature and amount of the various types of investments held by Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries affect the amount of asset risk calculated by regulators and rating agencies in determining required capital. See “Regulation” immediately following this subsection and Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “The Company’s investment portfolio is exposed to a variety of risks that may negatively impact net investment income and cause realized and unrealized losses.” The Company employs a total return investment strategy, with an emphasis on yield, while maintaining liquidity to meet both its short- and medium-term insurance obligations. See the discussions of the Company’s investments under the headings “Investment Results,” “Investment Quality and Concentrations,” “Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Critical Accounting Estimates,” in the MD&A, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” in Item 7A and Note 4, “Investments,” Note 13, “Income from Investments,” and Note 22, “Fair Value Measurements,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Overview of State Regulation Regulation Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to extensive regulation in the states in which they conduct business. Such regulation pertains to a variety of matters, including, but not limited to, policy forms, premium rate plans, licensing of agents, licenses to transact business, market conduct, trade practices, claims practices, transactions with affiliates, payment of dividends, investments and solvency. Insurance regulatory authorities perform periodic examinations of an insurer’s financial condition, market conduct and other affairs. Approval of Policy Rates and Forms The majority of Kemper’s insurance operations are in states requiring prior approval by regulators before proposed policy or coverage forms and rates for property, casualty, or health insurance policies may be implemented and used. However, provided that the policy form has been previously approved, rates proposed for life insurance generally become effective immediately upon filing with a state, even though the same state may require prior rate approval for other types of insurance. Financial Reports and Standards Insurance companies are required to report their financial condition and results of operation in accordance with statutory accounting principles prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulators in conjunction with the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (“NAIC”). State insurance regulators also prescribe the form and content of statutory financial statements, perform periodic financial examinations of insurers, set minimum reserve and loss ratio requirements and establish standards for the types and amounts of investments. In addition, state regulators require minimum capital and surplus levels and 10 incorporate risk-based capital (“RBC”) standards promulgated by the NAIC. These RBC standards are intended to assess the level of risk inherent in an insurance company’s business and consider items such as asset risk, credit risk, underwriting risk and other business risks relevant to its operations. In accordance with RBC formulas, a company’s RBC requirements are calculated and compared to its total adjusted capital to determine whether regulatory intervention is warranted. At December 31, 2015, the total adjusted capital of each of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries exceeded the minimum levels required under applicable RBC rules. Guaranty Funds and Risk Pools Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are required to pay assessments up to prescribed limits to fund policyholder losses or liabilities of insolvent insurance companies under the guaranty fund laws of most states in which they transact business. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to certain fees imposed on health insurers by the Health Care Acts, including the Health Insurance Providers Fee, but not the fees associated with the Reinsurance, Risk Adjustment and Risk Corridor programs, as Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries do not have any policies subject to those fees. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are also required to participate in various involuntary pools or assigned risk pools, principally involving windstorms and high risk drivers. In most states, the involuntary pool participation of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries is set in proportion to their voluntary writings of related lines of business in such states. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “Catastrophe losses could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition” for a discussion of the impact of required participation in windstorm pools and joint underwriting associations on the ability of the Company to manage its exposure to catastrophic events. Dividends and Other Transactions with Affiliates Kemper and its insurance subsidiaries are also subject to the insurance holding company laws of a number of states. Certain dividends and distributions by an insurance subsidiary are subject to prior approval by the insurance regulators of its state of domicile. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “Kemper relies on receiving dividends from its subsidiaries to service its debt, to pay dividends to its shareholders and/or make repurchases of its stock.” Other significant transactions between an insurance subsidiary and its holding company or other affiliates may require approval by insurance regulators in the state of domicile of each participating insurance subsidiary. Holding Company Regulation, Including Enterprise Risk Management and Governance A number of pending and recently approved legislative and regulatory measures may significantly affect the insurance business. In particular, nearly half of all states have already adopted extensive modifications to their holding company laws based on amendments to the Model Insurance Holding Company System Regulatory Act (the “Model Holding Company Act”) adopted by the NAIC in December 2010. With varying effective dates beginning in 2014, these modifications impose new reporting requirements and substantially expand the oversight and examination powers of state insurance regulators with regulatory authority over an insurance company to assess enterprise risks within such company’s entire holding company system that may arise from operations of its insurance and non-insurance affiliates. They also impose new reporting requirements on the ultimate controlling persons of such insurance companies in respect of, among other things, affiliated transactions and divestiture of controlling interests in the insurance companies. In addition, a number of states have adopted the Risk Management and Own Risk and Solvency Assessment Model Act (the “Risk Management and Solvency Model Act”) adopted by the NAIC in 2012. With varying effective dates beginning in 2015, the Risk Management and Solvency Model Act requires insurers to maintain an enterprise risk management (“ERM”) framework, perform regular assessments of the adequacy of the ERM framework and the company’s solvency and file an annual ERM assessment summary report. Similarly, the Corporate Governance Annual Disclosure Model Act (the “Model Governance Act”) and Model Regulation adopted by the NAIC in 2014, requires, when adopted by an insurer’s (or insurance group’s) lead state, an insurer (or insurance group) to submit an annual disclosure with information about board structure, policies, meeting frequency and oversight of critical risk areas and practices. The Company anticipates that most states will adopt legislation based on the Model Holding Company Act, the Risk Management and Solvency Model Act and the Model Governance Act. Additional regulation has also resulted from other measures in recent years including, among other things, tort reform, the Health Care Acts, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), consumer privacy and data security requirements, credit score regulation, producer compensation regulations, cybersecurity and financial services regulation initiatives. In late 2015, the NAIC adopted the Cybersecurity Bill of Rights, a set of directives aimed at protecting consumer data, for insurance companies to follow to the extent incorporated in NAIC model laws and regulations adopted by states. Also in late 2015, the NAIC adopted amendments to the information technology section of its handbook for examiners to 11 strengthen and enhance the existing cybersecurity guidance. The Company anticipates a continuing focus on new regulatory and legislative proposals at the state and federal levels that further regulate practices regarding privacy and security of personal information. Change in Control Requirements State insurance laws also impose requirements that must be met prior to a change of control of an insurance company or insurance holding company based on the insurer’s state of domicile and, in some cases, additional states in which it is deemed commercially domiciled due to the substantial amount of business it conducts therein. These requirements may include the advance filing of specific information with the state insurance regulators, a public hearing on the matter, and the review and approval of the change of control by such regulators. The Company has insurance subsidiaries domiciled or deemed commercially domiciled in Alabama, California, Illinois, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas and Wisconsin. In these states, except Alabama, “control” generally is presumed to exist through the direct or indirect ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of an insurance company. Control is presumed to exist in Alabama with a 5% or more ownership interest in such securities. Any purchase of Kemper’s shares that would result in the purchaser owning Kemper’s voting securities in the foregoing percentages for the states indicated would be presumed to result in the acquisition of control of the Company’s insurance subsidiaries in those states. Therefore, acquisitions subject to the 10% threshold generally would require the prior approval of insurance regulators in each state in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are domiciled or deemed commercially domiciled, including those in Alabama, while acquisitions subject to the 5% threshold generally would require the prior approval of only Alabama regulators. Similarly, consistent with the Model Holding Company Act, several of the states in which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries are domiciled have enacted legislation that requires either the divesting and/or acquiring company to notify regulators of, and in some cases to receive regulatory approval for, a change in control. Many state statutes also require pre-acquisition notification to state insurance regulators of a change of control of an insurance company licensed in the state if specific market concentration thresholds would be triggered by the acquisition. Such statutes authorize the issuance of a cease and desist order with respect to the insurance company if certain conditions, such as undue market concentration, would result from the acquisition. These regulatory requirements may deter, delay or prevent transactions effecting control of Kemper or its insurance subsidiaries, or the ownership of Kemper’s voting securities, including transactions that could be advantageous to Kemper’s shareholders. Federal Government Regulation Kemper’s health insurance subsidiaries are subject to additional regulation by the federal government. For example, the Health Care Acts, and the regulations promulgated thereunder, have established minimum loss ratios, rating restrictions, mandates for essential health benefit coverages, and restrictions or prohibitions on pre-existing condition exclusions and annual and lifetime policy limits for health insurance policies. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010, profoundly increases federal regulation of the financial services industry, of which the insurance industry is a part. Among other things, the Dodd-Frank Act formed a Federal Insurance Office (“FIO”) charged with monitoring the insurance industry and conducting a study on methods to modernize and improve the insurance regulatory system in the United States. FIO’s report, delivered to Congress in 2013, concluded that a hybrid approach to regulation, involving a combination of state and federal government action, could improve the U.S. insurance system by attaining uniformity, efficiency and consistency, particularly with respect to solvency and market conduct regulation. A hybrid approach was also recommended to address the perceived need for uniform supervision of insurance companies with national and global activities. FIO established the Federal Advisory Committee on Insurance (“FACI”) whose mission is to provide recommendations to FIO on issues it monitors for Congress. While the NAIC continues to promote the strengths of the U.S. state-based insurance regulatory system, both FIO/FACI and international standard setting authorities such as the International Association of Insurance Supervisors are actively seeking a role in shaping the future of the U.S. insurance regulatory framework. It is not yet known whether or how these organizations’ recommendations might result in changes to the current state-based system of insurance industry regulation or ultimately impact Kemper’s operations. Item 1A. Risk Factors. Kemper is exposed to numerous risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from recent results or anticipated future results. The following discussion details the significant risk factors that are specific to the Company. In addition to those described below, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected by other factors not presently known by, or considered material to, the Company. Readers are advised to consider all of these factors 12 along with the other information included in this 2015 Annual Report and to consult any further disclosures Kemper makes on related subjects in its filings with the SEC. Changes in the application of state unclaimed property laws and related insurance claims handling practices could have a significant effect on (including an acceleration of) the payment and/or escheatment of life insurance death benefits and significantly increase claims handling costs relative to what is currently contemplated by Kemper (the “Unclaimed Property Risk Factor”). In recent years, many states have begun to aggressively expand the application of their unclaimed property laws as they relate to life insurance proceeds. The treasurers or controllers (collectively, “Treasurers”) of a large majority of states have engaged private audit firms to examine the practices and procedures of life insurance companies with respect to the reporting and remittance of proceeds associated with life insurance policies, annuity contracts and retained asset accounts under state unclaimed property laws. Related measures are also being taken or considered by state insurance regulators, both individually and collectively through the auspices of the NAIC, and some state insurance regulators have initiated market conduct examinations focused on claims handling and unclaimed property practices of life insurers. Additionally, since 2012, a number of states have enacted legislation pertaining to unclaimed property. As a result of these audits and examinations, a number of large life insurance groups have agreed to alter historic practices that were previously considered to be lawful and appropriate relative to claims handling and the reporting and remittance of life insurance policy proceeds under state unclaimed property laws. Based on published reports, at least twenty life insurance groups have entered into settlement agreements with state insurance regulators and twenty-four groups with Treasurers. Under the terms of these agreements, the settling companies typically agree to establish a practice of periodically searching for deceased insureds, even prior to the receipt of a claim, by comparing their in-force policy records against a database of reported deaths maintained by the Social Security Administration or a comparable database (collectively, a “Death Master File” or “DMF”). The settlements usually apply to policies that were in force at any time since January 1, 1992. In conducting these comparisons against a DMF, the insurers are required to use complex “fuzzy” matching criteria which in many cases result in a large volume of potential matches for any given insured. In such cases, the insurer must either assume a costly and administratively burdensome process of disproving any such ambiguous matches which may necessitate a review of older records that are not in electronic form, or accept such matches as valid and escheat the related policy benefits to the states if the beneficiaries cannot be found. All settlements to date with insurance regulators have involved payment of monetary penalties (ranging from about $1.2 million up to $40 million), while settlements with Treasurers have required payment of interest on sums remitted, calculated from the date of death of the insured (rather than from the insurer’s first knowledge of death or receipt of a claim) and extending as far back as 1992. The amounts publicly reported by the settling companies to have been paid to beneficiaries and/or escheated to the states have been substantial. Kemper’s life insurance subsidiaries (the “Life Companies”) have thus far resisted attempts by certain state officials and their designated audit firms to effect changes to the Life Companies’ claims handling and unclaimed property practices of the sort embodied in the foregoing settlements and have challenged through multiple legal proceedings the authority of such officials to require such changes. There can be no assurances that the Life Companies will ultimately be successful in resisting such attempts or any that may arise in the future. Separately, the National Conference of Insurance Legislators (“NCOIL”) has adopted model legislation which, if enacted, would require life insurance companies to compare their in-force life insurance policy records against a DMF for the purpose of identifying potentially deceased insureds with respect to whom the subject life insurance company has not yet received a claim, including due proof of death. Nineteen states have adopted versions of the NCOIL model legislation (the “DMF Statutes”). Nine of such states have enacted DMF Statutes that apply to in-force life insurance policies and if such statutes are construed to apply to life insurance policies in force on each respective statute’s effective date, could have a significant effect on, including an acceleration of, the payment of life insurance benefits to beneficiaries or, in instances where beneficiaries cannot be located, the remittance of such benefits to the states under their unclaimed property laws. Four other states have enacted DMF Statutes that apply only prospectively to insurers, like the Life Companies, that have not previously used a DMF, and six additional states have enacted DMF Statutes that apply only to policies issued on or after their respective effective dates, without regard to prior DMF use. Additionally, in 2015, a drafting subgroup of the NAIC began work on possible model legislation that would also address unclaimed property in the life insurance context; while the future and final provisions of such NAIC model legislation are unclear, the adoption of such model could increase the likelihood that unfavorable legislation could be adopted in states in which the Life Companies operate. Kemper cannot presently predict whether any other states will enact similar legislation or, if enacted, exactly what form such legislation will take. The Life Companies are the subject of an unclaimed property compliance audit (the “Treasurers’ Audit”) by a private audit firm retained by the Treasurers of more than thirty states (the “Audit Firm”). In July 2013, the California State Controller (the “CA Controller”) filed a complaint against the Life Companies in state court in California, seeking an order requiring the Life 13 Companies to produce their in-force insurance policy records to the Audit Firm to enable the firm to perform a comparison of such records against a DMF. The Life Companies have filed a cross-complaint against the CA Controller, adding the Audit Firm and California Insurance Commissioner as cross-defendants. In October 2015, certain of the Life Companies filed a complaint in state court in Illinois seeking a declaration that the Treasurer of the State of Illinois (“the IL Treasurer”) lacks the authority to compel those Life Companies to produce all in-force policy records to the Audit Firm, which is also a named defendant. See Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the legal proceedings with the CA Controller and IL Treasurer. A market conduct examination of the Life Companies was initiated in 2012 by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the “IDOI”), focusing on the Life Companies’ claim settlement and policy administration practices, and specifically compliance with unclaimed property statutes. Five additional states joined the examination in May 2013 (the “Multi-State Exam”) and, shortly thereafter, the Life Companies received requests from the IDOI, as the Multi-State Exam’s managing lead state, for a significant volume of information beyond that which the Life Companies had already produced, including all of the subject Life Companies’ records of in-force policies and other information of the type requested by the Audit Firm as part of the Treasurers’ Audit. This request prompted the Life Companies to file declaratory judgment actions against the insurance regulators of four states (Illinois, California, Pennsylvania and Florida) participating in the Multi-State Exam; these actions include the cross- complaint against the CA Controller described above. In December 2015, the Life Companies voluntarily dismissed the litigation against the IDOI after that department agreed to withdraw the request for records of all in-force policies and advised the Life Companies of the IDOI’s intent to proceed with a single-state market conduct exam without use of a DMF. At least one or more of the states remaining in the Multi-State Exam are expected to continue with the exam, including the attempted use of a DMF. See Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the litigation connected to the Multi-State Exam. Should these various efforts by state officials succeed in retroactively imposing new claims handling and escheatment requirements with regard to previously issued life insurance policies, such requirements could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s profitability, financial position and cash flows. The Company’s stance in opposition to the aforementioned actions by state legislators, Treasurers and insurance regulators, including the Life Companies’ initiation of the litigation described above and in Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, also creates a risk of reputational damage to the Company among various constituencies (including its principal insurance regulators, rating agencies, investors, insurance agents, and current and prospective policyholders), particularly if the Company’s position is not ultimately vindicated. Regardless of the outcome, the Company will incur significant attorneys’ fees, direct litigation and examination costs, and substantial amounts of management time that would otherwise be spent on running the Company’s operations. See Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements and the sections of the MD&A entitled “Life & Health Insurance” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” for additional information on the legal proceedings, including lawsuits, regulatory examinations and inquiries, and other matters described above. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulation, and the evolving legal and regulatory landscape in which they operate could result in increased operating costs, reduced profitability and limited growth. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries operate under an extensive insurance regulatory system. Current laws and regulations encompass a wide variety of matters, including policy forms, premium rates, licensing, market conduct, trade practices, claims practices, reserve and loss ratio requirements, investment standards, statutory capital and surplus requirements, restrictions on the payment of dividends, approvals of transactions involving a change in control of one or more insurance companies, restrictions on transactions among affiliates and consumer privacy. They also require the filing of annual and quarterly financial reports and holding company reports. Pre-approval requirements often restrict the companies from implementing premium rate changes for property, casualty and health insurance policies, introducing new, or making changes to existing, policy forms and many other actions. Insurance regulators conduct periodic examinations of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries and can suspend or delay their operations or licenses, require corrective actions, and impose penalties or other remedies available for compliance failures. For a more detailed discussion of the regulations applicable to Kemper’s subsidiaries and these new developments, see “Regulation” in Item 1, beginning on page 10. These laws and regulations, and their interpretation by the various regulators and courts, are undergoing continual revision and expansion. The legal and regulatory landscape within which Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries conduct their businesses is often unpredictable. As industry practices and regulatory, judicial, political, social and other conditions change, issues may emerge, whether intended or not. These emerging practices, conditions and issues could adversely affect Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries in a variety of ways, including, for example, by expansion of coverages beyond the underwriting intent, increasing the number or size of claims, accelerating the payment of claims or adding to operational costs. Industry practices that were once considered approved, compliant and reasonable may suddenly be deemed unacceptable by virtue of a court or regulatory 14 ruling or changes in regulatory enforcement policies and practices. One example is the changing application of state unclaimed property laws and related claims handling practices discussed in the preceding risk factor. It is not possible for the Company to predict such shifts in legal or regulatory enforcement or to accurately estimate the impact they may have on the Company and its operations. The financial services industry, including insurance companies and their holding company systems, remains under regulatory scrutiny. While it is not possible to predict how new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations may impact the operations of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries, several developments have the potential to significantly impact such operations. This includes state adoption of extensive modifications to state holding company laws that substantially expand the oversight and examination powers of state insurance regulators beyond licensed insurance companies to their non- insurance affiliates and their organizations as a whole, particularly with respect to enterprise risk. In addition, the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (collectively the “Health Care Acts”) have resulted in regulations affecting health insurers such as Reserve National, and potential changes to the state insurance regulatory system may result from the Dodd-Frank Act. See the discussion of the NAIC model act and the Dodd- Frank Act under “Regulation” in Item 1, beginning on page 10. These new developments and significant changes in, or new interpretations of, existing laws and regulations could make it more expensive for Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries to conduct and grow their businesses. Legal and regulatory proceedings are unpredictable and could produce one or more unexpected verdicts against the Company that could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial results for any given period. Kemper and its subsidiaries are from time to time involved in lawsuits, regulatory inquiries and other legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of their businesses. Some of these proceedings may involve matters particular to Kemper or one or more of its subsidiaries, while others may pertain to business practices in the industry in which Kemper and its subsidiaries operate. Some lawsuits may seek class action status that, if granted, could expose the Company to potentially significant liability by virtue of the size of the putative classes. These matters often raise difficult factual and legal issues and are subject to uncertainties and complexities. The outcomes of these matters are difficult to predict, and the amounts or ranges of potential loss at particular stages in the proceedings are in most cases difficult or impossible to ascertain. A further complication is that even where the possibility of an adverse outcome is deemed to be remote using traditional legal analysis, juries sometimes can and do substitute their subjective views in place of facts and established legal principles. Given the unpredictability of the legal and regulatory landscape in which the Company operates, there can be no assurance that one or more of these matters will not produce a result that could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial results for any given period. For information about the Company’s pending legal proceedings, see Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Catastrophe losses could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries are subject to claims arising out of catastrophes that may have a significant effect on their results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Catastrophes can be caused by various events, including, but not limited to, hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms, earthquakes, hailstorms, explosions, severe winter weather and wildfires and may include man-made events, such as terrorist attacks and hazardous material spills. The incidence, frequency and severity of catastrophes are inherently unpredictable and may be impacted by the uncertain effects of climate change. The extent of the Company’s losses from a catastrophe is a function of both the total amount of insured exposure in the geographic area affected by the event and the severity of the event. The Company could experience more than one severe catastrophic event in any given period. Kemper’s life and health insurance subsidiaries are particularly exposed to risks of catastrophic mortality, such as pandemic or other events that result in large numbers of deaths. In addition, the occurrence of such an event in a concentrated geographic area could have a severe disruptive effect on the Company’s workforce and business operations. The likelihood and severity of such events cannot be predicted and are difficult to estimate. The property and casualty insurance subsidiaries use catastrophe modeling tools developed by third parties to project their potential exposure to property damage resulting from catastrophic events under various scenarios. Such models are based on various assumptions and judgments which may turn out to be wrong. The actual impact of one or more catastrophic events could adversely and materially differ from these projections. 15 The availability and cost of catastrophe reinsurance and the ability of reinsurers to meet their obligations could result in Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries retaining more risk and could adversely and materially affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries seek to reduce their exposure to catastrophe losses through the purchase of catastrophe reinsurance. Catastrophe reinsurance does not relieve such subsidiaries of their direct liability to their policyholders. As long as the reinsurers meet their obligations, the net liability for such subsidiaries is limited to the amount of risk that they retain. While such subsidiaries’ principal reinsurers are each rated “A-” or better by A.M. Best at the time reinsurance is purchased, the Company cannot be certain that reinsurers will pay the amounts due from them either now, in the future, or on a timely basis. A reinsurer’s insolvency or inability to make payments under the terms of its reinsurance agreement could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and liquidity. In addition, market conditions beyond the Company’s control determine the availability of the reinsurance protection that Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries may purchase. A decrease in the amount of reinsurance protection that such subsidiaries purchase generally should increase their risk of a more severe loss. However, if the amount of available reinsurance is reduced, such subsidiaries may be forced to incur additional expenses for reinsurance or may not be able to obtain sufficient reinsurance on acceptable terms, which could adversely affect the ability of such subsidiaries to write future insurance policies or result in their retaining more risk with respect to such policies. The extent to which Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries can manage their catastrophe exposure through underwriting strategies may be limited by law or regulatory action and could adversely and materially affect the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity. Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries also manage their exposure to catastrophe losses through underwriting strategies such as reducing exposures in, or withdrawing from, catastrophe-prone areas, establishing appropriate guidelines for insurable structures, and setting appropriate rates, deductibles, exclusions and policy limits. The extent to which such subsidiaries can manage their exposure through such strategies may be limited by law or regulatory action. For example, laws and regulations may limit the rate or timing at which insurers may non-renew insurance policies in catastrophe-prone areas or require insurers to participate in wind pools and joint underwriting associations. Generally, an insurer’s participation in such pools and associations are based on the insurer’s market share determined on a state-wide basis. Accordingly, even though Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries may not incur a direct insured loss as a result of managing direct catastrophe exposures, they may incur indirect losses from required participation in pools and associations. Laws and regulations requiring prior approval of policy forms and premium rates may limit the ability of Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries to increase rates or deductibles on a timely basis, which may result in additional losses or lower returns than otherwise would have occurred in an unregulated market. See the risk factor above under the title “Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulation, and the evolving legal and regulatory landscape in which they operate could result in increased operating costs, reduced profitability and limited growth.” A significant downgrade in the ratings of Kemper or its insurance subsidiaries could materially and adversely affect the Company. Third-party rating agencies assess the financial strength and rate the claims-paying ability of insurance companies based on criteria established by the rating agencies. Third-party ratings are important competitive factors in the insurance industry. Financial strength ratings are used to assess the financial strength and quality of insurers. Ratings agencies may downgrade the ratings of Kemper and/or its insurance subsidiaries or require Kemper to retain more capital in its insurance businesses to maintain existing ratings following developments that they deem negative. This can include factors directly related to the Company, such as an increase in the catastrophic risk retained by Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries, or developments in industry or general economic conditions. A significant downgrade by A.M. Best in the ratings of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries, particularly those operating in the preferred and standard market or offering homeowners insurance, could result in a substantial loss of business if independent agents and brokers or policyholders of such subsidiaries move to other companies with higher claims-paying and financial strength ratings. Any substantial loss of business could materially and adversely affect the financial condition and results of operations of such subsidiaries. A downgrade in Kemper’s credit rating by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”), Moody’s Investors Services (“Moody’s”) or Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) may reduce Kemper’s ability to access the capital markets or may increase the cost to refinance existing debt. 16 The insurance industry is highly competitive, making it difficult to grow profitability and within expectations of investors. The Company’s insurance businesses face significant competition, and their ability to compete is affected by a variety of issues relative to others in the industry, such as product pricing, service quality, financial strength and name recognition. Competitive success is based on many factors, including, but not limited to, the following: Selectiveness of sales markets; Sophistication of pricing segmentation; Selection of agents and other business partners; • Competitiveness of prices charged for insurance policies; • • Design and introduction of insurance products to meet emerging consumer trends; • • Compensation paid to agents; • Underwriting discipline; • • Effectiveness of marketing materials and name recognition; • • Ability to settle claims timely and efficiently; • Ability to detect and prevent fraudulent insurance claims; • Effectiveness deployment and use of information technology across all aspects of operations; • Ability to control operating expenses; • • Quality of services provided to, and ease of doing business with, independent agents and brokers or policyholders. Product and technological innovation; Financial strength ratings; and The inability to compete effectively in any of the Company’s insurance businesses could materially reduce the Company’s customer base and revenues and could materially and adversely affect the future results and financial condition of the Company. See “Competition” in Item 1 of Part I beginning on page 7 and page 10, for more information on the competitive rankings in the property and casualty insurance markets and the life and health insurance markets, respectively, in the United States. Failure to maintain the security of personal data may result in lost business, reputational harm, and legal costs and regulatory penalties. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries obtain and store vast amounts of personal data that can present significant risks to the Company and its customers and employees. An increasing array of laws and regulations govern the use and storage of such data, including, for example, social security numbers, credit card data and personal health information. Despite the implementation of various security measures, the Company’s data systems, or those of its third party administrators working on behalf of the Company, may be vulnerable to security breaches due to the increasing sophistication of cyber-attacks, viruses, malware, hackers and other external hazards, as well as equipment and system failures and inadvertent errors, negligence or intentional misconduct of employees and/or contractors. The Company also relies on the ability of its business partners to maintain secure systems and processes that comply with legal requirements and protect personal data. These increased risks and expanding regulatory requirements related to personal data security expose the Company to potential data loss and resulting damages, reputational risk and significant increases in compliance and litigation costs. Although Kemper maintains cyber risk insurance, there is no guarantee that it will be sufficient to cover all of the costs associated with a data breach. In the event of non-compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, an information security framework for organizations that handle cardholder information for the major debit, credit, prepaid, e-purse, ATM and point-of-sale cards, such organizations could prevent Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries from collecting premium payments from customers by way of such cards and impose significant fines on Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries. Failure to maintain the availability of critical systems may result in lost business, reputational harm, and legal costs and regulatory penalties. The Company’s business operations rely on the continuous availability of its computer systems, including computer systems used by third party administrators working on behalf of the Company. In addition to disruptions caused by cyber-attacks or other data breaches, such systems may be adversely affected by natural and man-made catastrophes. The Company’s or its third party administrators’ failure to maintain business continuity in the wake of such events may prevent the timely completion of critical processes across its operations, including, for example, insurance policy administration, claims processing, billing, treasury and investment operations and payroll. These failures could result in significant loss of business, fines and litigation. 17 The Company’s investment portfolio is exposed to a variety of risks that may negatively impact net investment income and cause realized and unrealized losses. The Company maintains a diversified investment portfolio that is exposed to significant financial and capital market risks, including interest rate (risk-free and spread), equity price, and liquidity, as well as risks from changes in tax laws and regulations and other risks from changes in general economic conditions. The interest rate environment has a significant impact on the Company’s financial results and position. In recent years, rates have been at or near historic lows. A protracted low interest rate environment would continue to place pressure on net investment income, particularly related to fixed income securities, short-term investments and limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships accounted for under the equity method of accounting (“Equity Method Limited Liability Investments”) that invest in distressed and mezzanine debt of other companies. A decline in interest rates would generally increase the carrying value of the Company’s fixed income securities and its Equity Method Limited Liability Investments that exhibit debt-like characteristics, but it may adversely affect the Company’s investment income as it invests cash in new investments that may yield less than the portfolio’s average rate. In a declining interest rate environment, borrowers may seek to refinance their borrowings at lower rates and, accordingly, prepay or redeem securities the Company holds as investments more quickly than the Company initially expected. Such prepayment or redemption action may cause the Company to reinvest the redeemed proceeds in lower yielding investments. An increase in interest rates would generally reduce the carrying value of a substantial portion of the Company’s investment portfolio, particularly fixed income securities and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments. The Company invests a portion of its investment portfolio in equity securities, which generally have more volatile returns than fixed income securities and may experience sustained periods of depressed values. There are multiple factors that could negatively impact the performance of the Company’s equity portfolio, including general economic conditions, industry or sector deterioration and issuer-specific concerns. A decline in equity values may result in a decrease in dividend income, realized losses upon sales of the securities, or other-than-temporary impairment charges on securities still held. Interest rates and equity returns also have a significant impact on the Company’s pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans. In addition to the impact on carrying values and yields of the underlying assets of the funded plans, interest rates also impact the discounting of the projected and accumulated benefit obligations of the plans. A decrease in interest rates may have a negative impact on the funded status of the plans. The nature and cash flow needs of the Company and the insurance industry in general present certain liquidity risks that may impact the return of the investment portfolio. If the Company were to experience several significant catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time, investments may have to be sold in advance of their maturity dates to fund payments to claimants, which could result in realized losses. Additionally, increases in illiquidity in the financial markets may increase uncertainty in the valuations of the Company’s investments. This increases the risk that the fair values reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements may differ from the actual price that may be obtained in an orderly sales transaction. The Company has also benefited from certain tax laws related to its investment portfolio, including dividends received deductions and tax-exempt municipal securities. Changes in tax laws may have a detrimental effect on the after-tax return of the Company’s investment portfolio. The Company’s entire investment portfolio is subject to broad risks inherent in the financial markets, including, but not limited to, inflation, regulatory changes, inactive capital markets, governmental and social stability, economic outlooks, unemployment and recession. Changes to these risks and how the market perceives them may impact the financial performance of the Company’s investments. Kemper and its insurance subsidiaries are subject to various capital adequacy measurements that are significantly impacted by various characteristics of their invested assets, including, but not limited to, asset type, class, duration and credit rating. The Company’s insurance subsidiaries are also subject to various limitations on the amounts at which they can invest in individual assets or certain asset classes in the aggregate. Asset risk is one factor used by insurance regulators and rating agencies to determine required capital for Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries. Accordingly, a deterioration in the quality of the investments held by Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries or an increase in the investment risk inherent in their investment portfolios could increase capital requirements. See the risk factor below under the title “Kemper relies on receiving dividends from its subsidiaries to service its debt, to pay dividends to its shareholders and/or make repurchases of its stock.” These factors may inhibit the Company from shifting its investment mix to produce higher returns. The Company is also subject to concentration of investment risk to the extent that the portfolio is heavily invested, at any particular time, in specific asset types, classes, 18 industries, sectors or collateral types, among other defining features. Developments and the market’s perception thereof in any of these concentrations may exacerbate the negative effects on the Company’s investment portfolio compared to other companies. The determination of the fair values of the Company’s investments and whether a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary are based on management’s judgment and may prove to be incorrect. The Company holds a significant amount of assets without readily available, active, quoted market prices or for which fair value cannot be measured from actively quoted prices. These assets are generally deemed to require a higher degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. The assumptions used by management to measure fair values could turn out to be wrong and the actual amounts that may be realized in an orderly transaction with a willing market participant could be either lower or higher than the Company’s estimates of fair value. The Company reviews its investment portfolio for factors that may indicate that a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary. This evaluation is based on subjective factors, assumptions and estimates and may prove to be materially incorrect, which may result in the Company recognizing additional losses in the future as new information emerges or recognizing losses currently that may never materialize in the future in an orderly transaction with a willing market participant. Estimating losses and LAE for determining property and casualty insurance reserves, or determining premium rates, is inherently uncertain, and the Company’s results of operations may be materially impacted if the Company’s insurance reserves or premium rates are insufficient. The Company establishes loss and LAE reserves to cover estimated liabilities, which remain unpaid as of the end of each accounting period, and to investigate and settle all claims incurred under the property and casualty insurance policies that it has issued. Loss and LAE reserves are established for claims that have been reported to the Company as of the end of the accounting period, as well as for claims that have occurred but have not yet been reported to the Company. The estimates of loss and LAE reserves are based on the Company’s assessment of the facts and circumstances known to it at the time, as well as estimates of the impact of future trends in the severity of claims, the frequency of claims and other factors. See MD&A, “Critical Accounting Estimates,” under the caption “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses” beginning on page 57 for a discussion of the Company’s reserving process and the factors considered by the Company’s actuaries in estimating the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves. The process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves is complex and imprecise. The reserves established by the Company are inherently uncertain estimates and could prove to be inadequate to cover its ultimate losses and expenses for insured events that have occurred. The estimate of the ultimate cost of claims for insured events that have occurred must take into consideration many factors that are dependent on the outcome of future events associated with the reporting, investigation and settlement of claims. The impacts on the Company’s estimates of property and casualty insurance reserves from these factors are difficult to assess accurately. A change in any one or more of the factors is likely to result in a projected ultimate loss that is different than the previous projected ultimate loss and may have a material impact on the Company’s estimate of the projected ultimate loss. Increases in the estimates of ultimate losses and LAE will decrease earnings, while decreases in such estimates will increase earnings, as reported by the Company in the results of its operations for the periods in which the changes to the estimates are made by the Company. The Company’s actuaries also consider trends in the severity and frequency of claims and other factors when determining the premium rates to charge for its property and casualty insurance products. An unanticipated change in any one or more of these factors or trends, as well as a change in competitive conditions, may also result in inadequate premium rates charged for insurance policies issued by Kemper’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries in the future. Such pricing inadequacies could have a material impact on the Company’s operating results. Kemper relies on receiving dividends from its subsidiaries to service its debt, to pay dividends to its shareholders and/or make repurchases of its stock. As a holding company, Kemper depends on the dividend income that it receives from its subsidiaries as the primary source of funds to pay interest and principal on its outstanding debt obligations, to pay dividends to its shareholders and to make repurchases of its stock. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to significant regulatory restrictions under state insurance laws and regulations that limit their ability to declare and pay dividends. These laws and regulations impose minimum solvency and liquidity requirements on dividends between affiliated companies and require prior notice to, and may require approval from, state insurance regulators before dividends can be paid. In addition, third-party rating agencies monitor statutory capital and surplus levels for capital adequacy. Even though a dividend may be payable without regulatory approval, an insurance 19 subsidiary may forgo paying a dividend to Kemper and retain the capital in its insurance subsidiaries to maintain or improve the ratings of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries, or to offset increases in required capital from increases in premium volume or investment risk. The inability of one or more of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries to pay sufficient dividends to Kemper may materially affect Kemper’s ability to pay its debt obligations on time, to pay dividends to its shareholders or make repurchases of its stock. Technology initiatives, particularly multi-year initiatives in the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment, to address business developments and regulatory requirements present significant economic and competitive challenges to the Company. Failure to complete and implement such initiatives in a timely manner could result in incurring internal use software development costs that may not be recoverable and the inability to meet emerging consumer and competitive needs which may result in the loss of business. Data and analytics play an increasingly important role in the insurance industry. While technology developments can facilitate the use of data and analytics, streamline business processes and ultimately reduce the cost of operations, technology initiatives can present significant economic and organizational challenges to the Company and potential short-term cost and implementation risks. In addition, projections of expenses and implementation schedules may be inaccurate and can escalate over time, while the ultimate utility of a technology initiative could deteriorate over time. In 2015, the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment abandoned a multi-year computer software development project intended to replace its aging billing systems and recorded a charge of $11.1 million before taxes to write off the costs to develop such software. In 2014, the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment determined that that it was no longer probable that another multi-year computer software development project intended to replace its aging policy administration systems would be fully implemented and recorded a charge of $54.6 million before taxes to write off the costs to develop such software. The Company continues to believe that it is necessary to replace these systems to remain competitive. In addition, due to the highly-regulated nature of the financial services industry, the Company faces rising costs and competing time constraints in adapting technology to meet compliance requirements of new and proposed regulations. Accordingly, it is in the process of undertaking new multi-year projects to replace these systems. The costs to develop and implement the replacement systems are expected to be material. Due to the complexities involved and the results of the Company’s past attempts to replace these systems, there can be no assurances that the new multi-year projects will be successful and that the costs incurred to develop and implement the replacement systems will be recoverable. Furthermore, failure to implement the replacement systems in a timely manner could result in loss of business from the Company’s inability to design and introduce new insurance products to meet emerging consumer and competitive trends. Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments. Not applicable. 20 Item 2. Properties. Owned Properties Kemper’s subsidiaries together own and occupy seven buildings located in six states consisting of approximately 25,000 square feet in the aggregate. Kemper’s subsidiaries own four buildings totaling approximately 15,000 square feet which were vacant at December 31, 2015. Kemper’s subsidiaries hold additional properties that are not occupied by Kemper or its subsidiaries solely for investment purposes. Leased Facilities The Company leases five floors, or approximately 67,000 square feet, in a 41-story office building in Chicago for its corporate headquarters and Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s headquarters. The lease expires in September 2023. Kemper’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment leases facilities with an aggregate square footage of approximately 474,000 at 15 locations in nine states. The latest expiration date of the existing leases is in September 2023. Kemper’s Life & Health Insurance segment leases facilities with aggregate square footage of approximately 476,000 at 124 locations in 27 states. The latest expiration date of the existing leases is in January 2025. Kemper’s corporate data processing operation leases facilities with aggregate square footage of approximately 36,000 square feet at two locations in two states. The latest expiration date of the existing leases is in December 2018. The properties described above are in good condition. The properties utilized in the Company’s operations consist of facilities suitable for general office space, call centers and data processing operations. Item 3. Legal Proceedings. Proceedings Information concerning pending legal proceedings is incorporated herein by reference to Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures. Not applicable. 21 PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. Market Information Kemper’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the symbol of “KMPR.” Quarterly information pertaining to market prices of Kemper common stock in 2015 and 2014 is presented below. DOLLARS PER SHARE Common Stock Market Prices: High..................................................................... Low ..................................................................... Close.................................................................... DOLLARS PER SHARE Common Stock Market Prices: High..................................................................... Low ..................................................................... Close.................................................................... Holders Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2015 Jun 30, 2015 Sep 30, 2015 Dec 31, 2015 Year Ended Dec 31, 2015 $ $ $ $ 40.13 34.31 38.96 Mar 31, 2014 40.99 35.63 39.17 $ 40.12 35.06 38.55 40.28 34.08 35.37 Three Months Ended Jun 30, 2014 Sep 30, 2014 $ 40.51 33.64 36.86 37.57 31.82 34.15 $ $ $ 41.65 34.43 37.25 41.65 34.08 37.25 Dec 31, 2014 Year Ended Dec 31, 2014 $ 37.63 32.66 36.11 40.99 31.82 36.11 As of January 22, 2016, the number of record holders of Kemper’s common stock was 3,961. 22 Dividends Quarterly information pertaining to payment of dividends on Kemper’s common stock is presented below. DOLLARS PER SHARE Cash Dividends Paid to Shareholders (per share) ...... Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2015 Jun 30, 2015 Sep 30, 2015 Dec 31, 2015 Year Ended Dec 31, 2015 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.96 DOLLARS PER SHARE Cash Dividends Paid to Shareholders (per share) ...... $ Three Months Ended Mar 31, 2014 Jun 30, 2014 Sep 30, 2014 Dec 31, 2014 Year Ended Dec 31, 2014 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.24 $ 0.96 Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to various state insurance laws that may restrict the ability of these insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends without prior regulatory approval. See MD&A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources” and Note 9, “Shareholders’ Equity,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on Kemper’s ability and intent to pay dividends. Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities Information pertaining to purchases of Kemper common stock for the three months ended December 31, 2015 follows. Total Maximum Number of Shares Dollar Value of Shares Average Purchased as Part that May Yet Be Total Price of Publicly Purchased Under Number of Shares Paid per Announced Plans the Plans or Programs Period October 1 - October 31............................................ November 1 - November 30.................................... December 1 - December 31..................................... Purchased (1) Share $ 63,998 — — 35.07 N/A N/A or Programs (1) 63,998 (Dollars in Millions) 247.5 $ 247.5 — $ 247.5 — $ (1) On August 6, 2014, Kemper’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $300 million of Kemper’s common stock. The repurchase program has no expiration date. See MD&A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” 23 (cid:46)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:75) 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(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:17) (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:46)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:17) Comparison of Cumulative Five Year Total Return (cid:7)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:7)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:19) (cid:7)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:7)(cid:24)(cid:19) (cid:7)(cid:19) 12/31/10 12/31/11 12/31/12 12/31/13 12/31/14 12/31/15 Kemper(cid:3)Corporation S&P MidCap 400 Index S&P Composite 1500 Insurance (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:18)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91) (cid:46)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) (cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17) (cid:54)(cid:9)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17) (cid:54)(cid:9)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91) (cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17)(cid:17) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:19) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:19) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:20) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:26) (cid:28)(cid:27)(cid:17)(cid:21)(cid:26) (cid:28)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:28) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:21) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:27)(cid:17)(cid:23)(cid:28) (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:17)(cid:27)(cid:22) (cid:20)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:17)(cid:27)(cid:28) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:22) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:22)(cid:17)(cid:20)(cid:19) (cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:23)(cid:17)(cid:25)(cid:23) (cid:20)(cid:25)(cid:20)(cid:17)(cid:25)(cid:20) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:23) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:25) (cid:20)(cid:25)(cid:28)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:23) (cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:24)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:19) (cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:20)(cid:24) (cid:7) (cid:20)(cid:26)(cid:24)(cid:17)(cid:26)(cid:26) (cid:20)(cid:25)(cid:25)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:24) (cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:21)(cid:17)(cid:19)(cid:28) (cid:3) (cid:21)(cid:23) Item 6. Selected Financial Data. Selected financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS FOR THE YEAR Earned Premiums ................................................................. Net Investment Income ........................................................ Other Income........................................................................ Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments........................ Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings ................. Total Revenues ..................................................................... 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 $ 2,009.6 302.6 3.7 52.1 (27.2) $ 1,862.2 309.1 1.4 39.1 (15.2) $ 2,025.8 314.7 0.8 99.1 (13.9) $ 2,107.1 295.9 0.8 65.4 (6.9) $ 2,173.6 298.0 1.0 33.7 (11.3) $ 2,340.8 $ 2,196.6 $ 2,426.5 $ 2,462.3 $ 2,495.0 80.2 5.5 85.7 1.55 0.10 1.65 1.55 0.10 1.65 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 112.6 1.9 114.5 2.08 0.04 2.12 2.08 0.04 2.12 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 214.5 3.2 217.7 3.75 0.06 3.81 3.74 0.06 3.80 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 91.8 11.6 103.4 1.55 0.20 1.75 1.54 0.20 1.74 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 61.7 12.8 74.5 1.02 0.21 1.23 1.02 0.21 1.23 0.96 $ 7,833.4 $ 7,656.4 $ 8,009.1 $ 7,934.7 $ 4,007.6 536.9 752.1 446.1 5,742.7 2,090.7 $ 4,061.0 598.9 606.9 338.1 5,604.9 2,051.5 $ 4,132.2 650.9 611.4 452.9 5,847.4 2,161.7 $ 4,131.8 666.2 610.6 409.5 5,818.1 2,116.6 $ 7,833.4 $ 7,656.4 $ 8,009.1 $ 7,934.7 $ 39.88 $ 36.86 $ 36.98 $ 35.13 Income from Continuing Operations.................................... $ Income from Discontinued Operations ................................ Net Income ........................................................................... $ Per Unrestricted Share: Income from Continuing Operations............................... Income from Discontinued Operations ........................... Net Income ...................................................................... $ $ Per Unrestricted Share Assuming Dilution: Income from Continuing Operations............................... Income from Discontinued Operations ........................... Net Income ...................................................................... $ Dividends Paid to Shareholders Per Share ........................... $ AT YEAR END Total Assets........................................................................... $ $ 8,036.1 Insurance Reserves ............................................................... $ 4,203.8 613.1 Unearned Premiums ............................................................. 750.6 Debt ...................................................................................... 476.2 All Other Liabilities ............................................................. 6,043.7 Total Liabilities..................................................................... 1,992.4 Shareholders’ Equity ............................................................ Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity........................... $ 8,036.1 Book Value Per Share........................................................... $ 38.82 25 Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Index to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Summary of Results ............................................................................................................................................................... Catastrophes ........................................................................................................................................................................... Loss and LAE Reserve Development .................................................................................................................................... Non-GAAP Financial Measures............................................................................................................................................. Property & Casualty Insurance .............................................................................................................................................. Life & Health Insurance ......................................................................................................................................................... Investment Results ................................................................................................................................................................. Investment Quality and Concentrations ................................................................................................................................. Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships................................................................................ Write-offs of Long-lived Assets............................................................................................................................................. Interest and Other Expenses ................................................................................................................................................... Income Taxes.......................................................................................................................................................................... Liquidity and Capital Resources ............................................................................................................................................ Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements........................................................................................................................................... Contractual Obligations.......................................................................................................................................................... Critical Accounting Estimates................................................................................................................................................ Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements ....................................................................................................................... 27 28 29 29 31 41 44 47 50 51 51 51 52 54 55 55 61 26 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations SUMMARY OF RESULTS Net Income was $85.7 million ($1.65 per unrestricted common share) for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $114.5 million ($2.12 per unrestricted common share) for the year ended December 31, 2014. Income from Continuing Operations was $80.2 million ($1.55 per unrestricted common share) in 2015, compared to $112.6 million ($2.08 per unrestricted common share) in 2014. A reconciliation of Segment Net Operating Income to Consolidated Net Operating Income (a non-GAAP financial measure) and to Net Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Segment Net Operating Income: 2015 2014 Increase (Decrease) from 2014 to 2015 2013 Increase (Decrease) from 2013 to 2014 Property & Casualty Insurance........................................ $ Life & Health Insurance .................................................. Total Segment Net Operating Income.................................. Unallocated Net Operating Loss .......................................... Consolidated Net Operating Income .................................... Net Income (Loss) From: Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings............. Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt........................ Income from Continuing Operations.................................... Income from Discontinued Operations ................................ Net Income ........................................................................... $ 26.7 71.7 98.4 (28.5) 69.9 33.9 (17.7) (5.9) 80.2 5.5 85.7 $ $ 24.9 91.8 116.7 (19.6) 97.1 25.4 (9.9) — 112.6 1.9 114.5 $ $ $ 1.8 (20.1) (18.3) (8.9) (27.2) 8.5 (7.8) (5.9) (32.4) 3.6 (28.8) $ 100.6 89.3 189.9 (30.7) 159.2 64.4 (9.1) — 214.5 3.2 217.7 $ $ (75.7) 2.5 (73.2) 11.1 (62.1) (39.0) (0.8) — (101.9) (1.3) (103.2) The Company’s net income decreased $28.8 million in 2015, compared to 2014. In the Property & Casualty Insurance segment, segment net operating income increased $1.8 million due primarily to a lower amount of write-offs of internal use software, lower insurance expenses as a percentage of earned premiums and lower incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development), partially offset by higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums and a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development. See MD&A, “Property & Casualty Insurance,” beginning on page 31 for additional discussion of the segment’s results. See MD&A, “Write-offs of Long-lived Assets,” beginning on page 51 for additional information related to the internal use software write-offs. In the Life & Health Insurance segment, segment net operating income decreased $20.1 million due primarily to a $13.9 million after-tax dividend in 2014 from an investment that had sold substantially all of its operations, an after-tax adjustment to earned premiums of $4.9 million recorded in the first quarter of 2015 to correct deferred premium reserves on certain limited pay life insurance policies, and higher policyholders’ benefits on life insurance. See MD&A, “Life & Health Insurance,” beginning on page 41 for additional discussion of the segment’s results. The Company’s results were also significantly and negatively impacted in 2015, compared to 2014, by higher net impairment losses recognized in earnings and a loss from early extinguishment of debt in 2015, partially offset by higher net realized gains on sales of investments. See MD&A, “Investment Results,” beginning on page 44 and MD&A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” beginning on page 52 for additional discussion. Revenues Earned Premiums were $2,009.6 million in 2015, compared to $1,862.2 million in 2014, an increase of $147.4 million. Earned Premiums increased by $165.7 million in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment and decreased by $18.3 million in the Life & Health Insurance segment. See MD&A, “Property & Casualty Insurance,” beginning on page 31 and MD&A, “Life & Health Insurance,” beginning on page 41 for discussion the changes in each segment’s earned premiums. Net Investment Income decreased by $6.5 million in 2015 due primarily to $27.5 million in lower net investment income from Dividends on Equity Securities, partially offset by $10.0 million of higher investment income on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and $8.8 million of higher Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities. See MD&A, “Investment Results,” under the sub-caption “Net Investment Income” beginning on page 44 for additional discussion. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments were $52.1 million in 2015, compared to $39.1 million in 2014. See MD&A, “Investment Results,” under the sub-caption “Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments” beginning on page 45 for additional 27 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations SUMMARY OF RESULTS (Continued) discussion. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were $27.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively. See MD&A, “Investment Results,” under the sub-caption “Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings” beginning on page 46 for additional discussion. The Company cannot predict when or if similar investment gains or losses may occur in the future. CATASTROPHES Catastrophes and natural disasters are inherent risks of the property and casualty insurance business. These catastrophic events and natural disasters include, without limitation, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, hailstorms, wildfires, high winds and winter storms. Such events result in insured losses that are, and will continue to be, a material factor in the results of operations and financial position of the Company’s property and casualty insurance companies. Further, because the level of these insured losses occurring in any one year cannot be accurately predicted, these losses may contribute to material year-to-year fluctuations in the results of operations and financial position of these companies. Specific types of catastrophic events are more likely to occur at certain times within the year than others. This factor adds an element of seasonality to property and casualty insurance claims. The Company has adopted the industry-wide catastrophe classifications of storms and other events promulgated by ISO to track and report losses related to catastrophes. ISO classifies a disaster as a catastrophe when the event causes $25.0 million or more in direct insured losses to property and affects a significant number of policyholders and insurers. ISO-classified catastrophes are assigned a unique serial number recognized throughout the insurance industry. The discussions that follow utilize ISO’s definition of catastrophes. The number of catastrophic events and catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding loss and LAE reserve development) by range of loss and business segment for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Range of Losses and LAE Per Event: Below $5....................................................... $5 - $10 ......................................................... $10 - $15 ....................................................... $15 - $20 ....................................................... $20 - $25 ....................................................... Greater Than $25 .......................................... Total.............................................................. Property & Casualty Insurance ....................... Life & Health Insurance.................................. Total Catastrophe Losses and LAE................. 2015 Compared with 2014 Dec 31, 2015 Year Ended Dec 31, 2014 Dec 31, 2013 Number of Events Losses and LAE Number of Events Losses and LAE Number of Events Losses and LAE 37 3 — — — — 40 $ $ $ $ 43.6 24.7 — — — — 68.3 64.5 3.8 68.3 27 3 1 — — 1 32 $ $ $ $ 31.1 20.4 13.1 — — 33.9 98.5 96.5 2.0 98.5 27 1 — — — — 28 $ $ $ $ 44.3 6.4 — — — — 50.7 47.1 3.6 50.7 As shown in the preceding table, catastrophe losses and LAE decreased for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to two significant catastrophe events in 2014 (one event with losses and LAE of $33.9 million and another event with losses and LAE of $13.1 million), compared to no such events exceeding $10 million in 2015, partially offset by higher frequency of events below $5 million of losses in 2015, compared to 2014. The event in the preceding table with $33.9 million in catastrophe losses and LAE in 2014 was incurred in multiple states, particularly Montana. The event in the preceding table with $13.1 million in catastrophe losses and LAE in 2014 was primarily related to hail in Texas. 2014 Compared with 2013 As shown in the preceding table, catastrophe losses and LAE increased for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to one catastrophe event that exceeded $25 million of losses and LAE and four other catastrophe events 28 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CATASTROPHES (Continued) that each exceeded $5 million of losses and LAE in 2014, compared to only one such event exceeding $5 million in 2013, partially offset by lower severity of losses below $5 million per event in 2014, compared to 2013. Catastrophe Reinsurance The Company primarily manages its exposure to catastrophes and other natural disasters through a combination of geographical diversification, management of the amount and location of risks insured in certain regions and a primary catastrophe reinsurance program for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment. Coverage for this segment’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program is provided in various layers (see Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of this program). In addition to this program, the Property & Casualty Insurance segment had a reinsurance treaty covering the three-year period that ended June 1, 2013 for catastrophe losses in North Carolina at retentions lower than its primary catastrophe reinsurance program (“the NC Program”). The Property & Casualty Insurance segment also purchases reinsurance from the FHCF for hurricane losses in Florida at retentions lower than its primary catastrophe reinsurance program. The Life & Health Insurance segment also purchases reinsurance from the FHCF for hurricane losses in Florida. Except for the coverage provided by the FHCF, the Life & Health Insurance segment has not carried any other catastrophe reinsurance since 2012, primarily due to actions taken by KHSC to reduce its exposures to catastrophes. See the “Reinsurance” subsections of the “Property and Casualty Insurance Business” and “Life and Health Insurance Business” sections of Item 1(c), “Description of Business,” and Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s reinsurance programs. LOSS AND LAE RESERVE DEVELOPMENT Increases (decreases) in the Company’s property and casualty loss and LAE reserves for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 to recognize adverse (favorable) loss and LAE reserve development from prior accident years in continuing operations, hereinafter also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, are presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance: 2015 2014 2013 Non-catastrophe................................................................................................................ $ Catastrophe ....................................................................................................................... Total.................................................................................................................................. (5.0) $ (7.9) (12.9) (38.6) $ (15.8) (54.4) (45.5) (12.5) (58.0) Life & Health Insurance: Non-catastrophe................................................................................................................ Catastrophe ....................................................................................................................... Total.................................................................................................................................. 1.3 0.1 1.4 (0.2) 1.1 0.9 0.2 (2.0) (1.8) Decrease in Total Loss and LAE Reserves Related to Prior Years: Non-catastrophe................................................................................................................ Catastrophe ....................................................................................................................... Decrease in Total Loss and LAE Reserves Related to Prior Years........................................ $ (3.7) (7.8) (11.5) $ (38.8) (14.7) (53.5) $ (45.3) (14.5) (59.8) See MD&A, “Property & Casualty Insurance,” MD&A, “Life & Health Insurance,” and Note 6, “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company’s reserve development. See MD&A, “Critical Accounting Estimates,” of this 2015 Annual Report for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and the estimated variability thereof, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact them. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, the Company is required to file consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The Company is permitted to include non-GAAP financial measures in its filings provided that they are defined along with an explanation of their usefulness to investors, are no more prominent than the comparable GAAP financial measures and are reconciled to such GAAP financial measures. 29 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (Continued) These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for the comparable GAAP financial measures, as they do not fully recognize the overall profitability of the Company’s businesses. Underlying Combined Ratio The following discussions of segment results use the non-GAAP financial measures of (i) Underlying Losses and LAE and (ii) Underlying Combined Ratio. Underlying Losses and LAE (also referred to in the discussion as “Current Year Non- catastrophe Losses and LAE”) exclude the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years from the Company’s Incurred Losses and LAE, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. The Underlying Combined Ratio is computed by adding the Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio with the Insurance Expense (including write-offs of long-lived assets) Ratio. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is the Combined Ratio, which is computed by adding total incurred losses and LAE, including the impact of catastrophe losses and loss and LAE reserve development from prior years, with the Insurance Expense (including write-offs of long-lived assets) Ratio. The Company believes Underlying Losses and LAE and the Underlying Combined Ratio are useful to investors and are used by management to reveal the trends in the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance business that may be obscured by catastrophe losses and prior year reserve development. These catastrophe losses may cause the Company’s loss trends to vary significantly between periods as a result of their incidence of occurrence and magnitude, and can have a significant impact on incurred losses and LAE and the combined ratio. Prior-year reserve developments are caused by unexpected loss development on historical reserves. Because reserve development relates to the re-estimation of losses from earlier years, it has no bearing on the performance of the Company’s insurance products that were in force in the current period. The Company believes it is useful for investors to evaluate these components separately and in the aggregate when reviewing the Company’s underwriting performance. Consolidated Net Operating Income Consolidated Net Operating Income is an after-tax, non-GAAP financial measure and is computed by excluding from Income from Continuing Operations the after-tax impact of: 1) Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments; 2) Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings related to investments; 3) Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt; and 4) Significant non-recurring or infrequent items that may not be indicative of ongoing operations. Significant non-recurring items are excluded when (a) the nature of the charge or gain is such that it is reasonably unlikely to recur within two years, and (b) there has been no similar charge or gain within the prior two years. The most directly comparable GAAP financial measure is Income from Continuing Operations. There were no applicable significant non- recurring items that the Company excluded from the calculation of Consolidated Net Operating Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The Company believes that Consolidated Net Operating Income provides investors with a valuable measure of its ongoing performance because it reveals underlying operational performance trends that otherwise might be less apparent if the items were not excluded. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments and Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings related to investments included in the Company’s results may vary significantly between periods and are generally driven by business decisions and external economic developments such as capital market conditions that impact the values of the Company’s investments, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt is driven by the Company’s financing and refinancing decisions and capital needs, as well as external economic developments such as debt market conditions, the timing of which is unrelated to the insurance underwriting process. Significant non- recurring items are excluded because, by their nature, they are not indicative of the Company’s business or economic trends. 30 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE Selected financial information for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written...................................................................................................... 2015 $ 1,406.2 2014 $ 1,189.1 2013 $ 1,342.2 Earned Premiums ............................................................................................................. Net Investment Income .................................................................................................... Other Income ................................................................................................................... Total Revenues................................................................................................................. Incurred Losses and LAE related to: $ 1,415.2 $ 1,249.5 $ 1,392.9 73.3 0.6 72.7 0.5 90.9 0.5 1,489.1 1,322.7 1,484.3 Current Year: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE .......................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ................................................................................. 1,034.6 64.5 Prior Years: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE .......................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ................................................................................. Total Incurred Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... Insurance Expenses, Excluding Write-offs of Long-lived Assets.................................... Write-offs of Long-lived Assets....................................................................................... Operating Profit ............................................................................................................... Income Tax Benefit (Expense)......................................................................................... Segment Net Operating Income....................................................................................... (5.0) (7.9) 1,086.2 368.1 11.1 23.7 3.0 26.7 $ $ Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio................................................................................. Insurance Expense Ratio, Excluding Write-offs of Long-lived Assets............................ Impact on Ratio from Write-offs of Long-lived Assets................................................... Combined Ratio ............................................................................................................... Underlying Combined Ratio Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Insurance Expense Ratio, Excluding Write-offs of Long-lived Assets............................ Impact on Ratio from Write-offs of Long-lived Assets................................................... Underlying Combined Ratio ............................................................................................ Non-GAAP Measure Reconciliation Underlying Combined Ratio ............................................................................................ Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Combined Ratio as Reported ........................................................................................... 31 845.2 96.5 (38.6) (15.8) 887.3 353.7 54.6 27.1 (2.2) 24.9 67.7% 7.7 (3.1) (1.3) 71.0 28.3 4.4 103.7% $ 980.2 47.1 (45.5) (12.5) 969.3 375.4 — 139.6 (39.0) 100.6 70.4% 3.4 (3.3) (0.9) 69.6 27.0 — 96.6% 73.2% 4.6 (0.4) (0.6) 76.8 26.0 0.8 103.6% 73.2% 67.7% 70.4% 26.0 0.8 28.3 4.4 27.0 — 100.0% 100.4% 97.4% 100.0% 4.6 (0.4) (0.6) 103.6% 100.4% 7.7 (3.1) (1.3) 103.7% 97.4% 3.4 (3.3) (0.9) 96.6% Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) CATASTROPHE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Range of Losses and LAE Per Event: Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Number of Events Losses and LAE Number of Events Losses and LAE Below $5 ............................................................................................... $5 - $10 ................................................................................................. $10 - $15 ............................................................................................... $15 - $20 ............................................................................................... $20 - $25 ............................................................................................... Greater Than $25................................................................................... Total....................................................................................................... 37 3 — — — — 40 $ 40.9 23.6 — — — — $ 64.5 27 $ 3 1 — — 1 32 $ 30.1 19.8 12.8 — — 33.8 96.5 INSURANCE RESERVES DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Insurance Reserves: Automobile ....................................................................................................................................... Homeowners ..................................................................................................................................... Other ................................................................................................................................................. Insurance Reserves ................................................................................................................................ Insurance Reserves: Loss Reserves: Case.............................................................................................................................................. Incurred But Not Reported........................................................................................................... Total Loss Reserves.......................................................................................................................... LAE Reserves ................................................................................................................................... Insurance Reserves ................................................................................................................................ Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 $ $ $ $ 656.3 98.9 45.3 800.5 537.1 147.6 684.7 115.8 800.5 $ $ $ $ 501.4 102.4 47.3 651.1 423.6 135.8 559.4 91.7 651.1 See MD&A, “Critical Accounting Estimates,” under the caption “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses” beginning on page 57 for additional information pertaining to the Company’s process of estimating property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE from prior accident years, also referred to as “reserve development” in the discussion of segment results, estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, and a discussion of some of the variables that may impact development of property and casualty insurance losses and LAE and the estimated variability of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE. Acquisition of Alliance United As discussed in Note 3, “Acquisition of Business,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company completed its acquisition of Alliance United on April 30, 2015. The results of its operations have been included in the preceding tables of selected financial information for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment since the date of its acquisition. Alliance United is a provider of nonstandard personal automobile insurance in California and adds significant scale to the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s premium base. 32 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) Selected financial information illustrating the incremental impact of Alliance United on the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s premiums, incurred losses and LAE and insurance expenses since the date of acquisition through December 31, 2015 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written......................................................................................................................................... From Date of Acquisition to Dec 31, 2015 $ 285.1 Earned Premiums................................................................................................................................................. $ 272.9 Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE .................................................................................................................. $ 253.3 Pre-acquisition Periods: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE .................................................................................................................. Total Incurred Losses and LAE........................................................................................................................... 7.7 $ 261.0 Insurance Expenses ............................................................................................................................................. $ 38.6 Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio........................................................................................ Pre-acquisition Periods Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio ....................................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio..................................................................................................................... Insurance Expense Ratio ..................................................................................................................................... Combined Ratio................................................................................................................................................... 92.8% 2.8 95.6% 14.1 109.7% Alliance United’s underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums since the acquisition date were significantly higher than what had been reported by Alliance United prior to the acquisition date. Alliance United has experienced significantly higher frequency of claims on all coverages and higher severity of losses on most coverages, particularly bodily injury, than the trend that Kemper had anticipated prior to the acquisition. Alliance United’s premium rates have become inadequate due in part to the significant adverse changes in underlying frequency and severity trends. The Company continues to analyze its experience against industry information as it becomes available and believes that Alliance United’s trends may be worse than industry trends due in part to anti-selection resulting from inadequate rates and higher growth rates for new business, which tends to run at a higher underlying loss and LAE ratio than renewal business. In addition, Alliance United’s results since the acquisition date include adverse loss and LAE reserve development of $7.7 million, net of anticipated indemnification recoveries of $5.9 million, related to periods prior to the acquisition date. Several events have resulted in the historical development factors becoming less reliable in predicting how losses will ultimately emerge. For example, in fourth quarter of 2014, Alliance United’s number of claims closed without payment was significantly higher than historical levels. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the Company’s actuaries have observed a higher level of reopened claims compared to historical levels. In addition, payment development patterns, as well as claim severity patterns, may have been influenced by an inadequate level of claims adjusters, as staffing levels for Alliance United’s claims adjusters were not able to keep pace with Alliance United’s growth rate prior to and after the acquisition date and the recent spike in frequency. See MD&A, “Loss and LAE Reserve Development,” for additional discussion on how changes in business processes may influence development patterns. The Company is taking various actions to address Alliance United’s performance, including increasing the staffing levels for claims adjusters, slowing growth rates for new business, various agency management actions and filing and implementing rate increases. 33 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) Overall 2015 Compared with 2014 The Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported Segment Net Operating Income of $26.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $24.9 million in 2014. Segment Net Operating Income improved by $1.8 million due primarily to the impact of write-offs of internal use software, lower insurance expenses as a percentage of earned premiums and lower incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development), partially offset by higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums and a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development. Earned Premiums in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $165.7 million. Excluding the $272.9 million impact from Alliance United, earned premiums decreased by $107.2 million, as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $138.4 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $31.2 million. Excluding Alliance United, the lower volume was driven primarily by personal automobile insurance and homeowners insurance, which had volume decreases of $99.9 million and $32.0 million, respectively. Excluding Alliance United, the increase in average earned premium was driven primarily by personal automobile insurance and homeowners insurance, which had increases of $23.3 million and $5.9 million, respectively. Net Investment Income in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, due primarily to higher investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, higher yields on fixed income securities and investment income from the investments acquired from the acquisition of and, the capital contributed to, Alliance United, partially offset by lower dividends on equity securities and lower levels of allocated investments resulting from a decline in the level of capital needed to support the legacy business. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported Net Investment Income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments of $11.9 million in 2015, compared to $8.4 million in 2014. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 73.2% in 2015, an increase of 5.5 percentage points, compared to 2014. Alliance United, which runs at a higher underlying losses and LAE ratio but lower insurance expense ratio, added 4.8 percentage points to the overall underlying losses and LAE ratio. Excluding the impact of Alliance United, underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 68.4% in 2015, compared to 67.7% in 2014, or an increase of 0.7 percentage points, as personal automobile insurance, homeowners insurance and commercial automobile insurance deteriorated, while other personal insurance improved. Underlying incurred losses and LAE exclude the impact of catastrophes and loss and LAE reserve development. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $64.5 million in 2015, compared to $96.5 million in 2014, which is a decrease of $32.0 million due primarily to two catastrophe events in 2014 that exceeded $10.0 million of losses and LAE, compared to no such events in 2015, partially offset by an increase in the number of catastrophe events in 2015 with losses and LAE less than $5 million. Excluding the impact of Alliance United, favorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $20.6 million in 2015, compared to $54.4 million in 2014. Insurance expenses, including write-offs of long-lived assets, were $379.2 million in 2015, compared to $408.3 million in 2014, which is a decrease of $29.1 million due primarily to the impact of write-offs of internal use software, lower variable costs in line with a general decline in the size of the Company’s legacy business and cost-cutting measures implemented by the Company, partially offset by the inclusion of Alliance United. The write-off of internal use software was $11.1 million in 2015, compared to $54.6 million in 2014. See “Write-offs of Long-lived Assets” of the MD&A for further discussion. Excluding the software write-offs, insurance expenses were $368.1 million, or 26.0% of earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $353.7 million, or 28.3% of earned premiums, in 2014. The inclusion of Alliance United accounted for a reduction of 3.0 percentage points in the segment’s overall insurance expense ratio. Insurance expenses for Alliance United include a write-off of deferred policy acquisition costs of $9.0 million due to a premium deficiency and legal expenses of $5.2 million, net of indemnification, for a certain legal matter. See Note 3, “Acquisition of Business,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Excluding the impact of the software write-offs and Alliance United, insurance expenses decreased by $24.2 million in 2015, compared to 2014, but increased, as a percentage of earned premiums, from 28.3% in 2014 to 28.8% in 2015. The increase in the ratio was due primarily to the reduction in legacy earned premiums outpacing the reduction in fixed costs. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to tax-exempt investment income, dividends received deductions and estimated indemnification recoveries recognized in earnings pursuant to the Alliance United purchase agreement. Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received 34 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) deductions were $22.6 million in 2015, compared to $20.9 million in 2014. Indemnification recoveries result in an adjustment to the tax purchase price and are excluded from the determination of taxable income and income tax expense. Estimated indemnification recoveries recognized in earnings were $10.4 million in 2015, of which $5.9 million has been reported as a reduction of Incurred Losses and LAE and $4.5 million has been recorded as a reduction of Insurance Expenses. 2014 Compared with 2013 The Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported Segment Net Operating Income of $24.9 million in 2014, compared to $100.6 million in 2013. Segment Net Operating Income decreased by $75.7 million due primarily to the write-off of certain internal use software during the third quarter of 2014, higher incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development), lower net investment income and higher insurance expenses as a percentage of earned premiums, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. See MD&A, “Write-offs of Long-lived Assets” for more information related to the internal use software write-off. Earned Premiums in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $143.4 million, as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $211.4 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $68.0 million. The lower volume was driven primarily by personal automobile insurance and homeowners insurance, which had volume decreases of $167.6 million and $39.8 million, respectively. The increase in average earned premium was also driven primarily by personal automobile insurance and homeowners insurance, which had increases of $39.9 million and $26.0 million, respectively. The decrease in premium volume was on both new business production and retention levels and was due primarily to the rate and resegmentation efforts of the Company in the past few years. The Company had undertaken various actions to improve its retention and new business production, including moderating rate increases in its more recent rate filings due to the improvement in profitability of the book of business. Net Investment Income in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment decreased by $18.2 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, lower yields on fixed maturities and lower levels of investments resulting from a decline in the scale of the business. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported net investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments of $8.4 million in 2014, compared to $16.5 million in 2013. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 67.7% in 2014, a decrease of 2.7 percentage points compared to 2013, as personal automobile insurance, homeowners insurance and commercial automobile insurance improved, while other personal insurance deteriorated. Underlying losses and LAE exclude the impact of catastrophes and loss and LAE reserve development. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $96.5 million in 2014, compared to $47.1 million in 2013, which was an increase of $49.4 million due primarily to one catastrophe event that exceeded $25 million of losses and LAE and four other catastrophe events that each exceeded $5 million of losses and LAE in 2014, compared to no such events in excess of $5 million in 2013. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development (including catastrophe reserve development) was $54.4 million in 2014, compared to $58.0 million in 2013. Insurance expenses, excluding the write-off of the long-lived software asset, decreased by $21.7 million in 2014, compared to 2013, but increased as a percentage of earned premiums from 27.0% in 2013 to 28.3% in 2014, due primarily to lower earned premiums to absorb fixed costs. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s effective income tax rate differs from the federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to tax- exempt investment income and dividends received deductions. Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions were $20.9 million in 2014, compared to $27.1 million in 2013. 35 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) Personal Automobile Insurance Selected financial information for the personal automobile insurance product line follows. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written...................................................................................................... 2015 $ 1,030.5 Earned Premiums ............................................................................................................. $ 1,027.7 2014 789.0 831.4 $ $ 2013 914.2 959.1 $ $ Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... $ 820.4 6.7 Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... $ 616.0 $ 741.7 12.7 7.6 Prior Years: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... (1.5) (0.3) $ 825.3 (31.0) (0.6) 597.1 $ (29.9) (0.2) 719.2 $ Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio................................................................................. 79.7% 0.7 (0.1) — 80.3% 74.1% 1.5 (3.7) (0.1) 71.8% 77.3% 0.8 (3.1) — 75.0% 2015 Compared with 2014 Earned premiums in personal automobile insurance increased by $196.3 million. Excluding the $272.9 million impact from Alliance United, earned premiums decreased by $76.6 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $99.9 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $23.3 million. The run-off of the direct-to-consumer business accounted for approximately 24% of the decrease in earned premiums attributed to lower volume. Incurred losses and LAE were $825.3 million, or 80.3% of earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $597.1 million, or 71.8% of earned premiums, in 2014. Excluding the $261.0 million impact from Alliance United, incurred losses and LAE were $564.3 million, or 74.8% of related earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $597.1 million, or 71.8% of earned premiums, in 2014. Excluding Alliance United, incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due to a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development and higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums on the nonstandard book of business, partially offset by lower incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) and lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums on the preferred book. Excluding Alliance United, underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of related earned premiums were 75.1% in 2015, compared to 74.1% in 2014, which was an increase of 1.0 percentage point due primarily to higher frequency of claims in the nonstandard book and higher severity of losses on most coverages in the preferred book and property damage losses in the nonstandard book, partially offset by higher average earned premium across both books, lower frequency of claims on bodily injury, uninsured/underinsured motorists, property damage and comprehensive coverages in the preferred book and lower severity of bodily injury losses in the nonstandard book. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $6.7 million in 2015, compared to $12.7 million in 2014. Excluding the impact of Alliance United, favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $9.5 million in 2015, compared to $31.6 million in 2014. 2014 Compared with 2013 Earned premiums in personal automobile insurance decreased by $127.7 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $167.6 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $39.9 million. The run-off of the direct-to- consumer business accounted for approximately 20% of the decrease in earned premiums attributed to lower volume. 36 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) Incurred losses and LAE were $597.1 million, or 71.8% of earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $719.2 million, or 75.0% of earned premiums, in 2013. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due to lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums and a higher level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development, partially offset by higher incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development). Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 74.1% in 2014, compared to 77.3% in 2013, which was an improvement of 3.2 percentage points due primarily to the impact of pricing and underwriting actions taken by the Company, lower severity of bodily injury losses and lower frequency of claims across most liability coverages, partially offset by higher severity of losses on most coverages except bodily injury. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $12.7 million in 2014, compared to $7.6 million in 2013. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $31.6 million in 2014, compared to $30.1 million in 2013. Homeowners Insurance Selected financial information for the homeowners insurance product line follows. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written...................................................................................................... 2015 $ 276.0 Earned Premiums ............................................................................................................. $ 286.3 Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... $ 145.1 55.4 Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Prior Years: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... (3.3) (7.5) $ 189.7 2014 296.5 312.4 156.5 80.8 (1.5) (13.3) 222.5 $ $ $ $ 2013 320.9 326.2 170.4 38.2 (8.9) (11.2) 188.5 $ $ $ $ Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio................................................................................. 50.7% 19.4 (1.2) (2.6) 66.3% 50.1% 25.9 (0.5) (4.3) 71.2% 52.2% 11.7 (2.7) (3.4) 57.8% 2015 Compared with 2014 Earned premiums in homeowners insurance decreased by $26.1 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $32.0 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $5.9 million. Incurred losses and LAE were $189.7 million, or 66.3% of earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $222.5 million, or 71.2% of earned premiums, in 2014. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due to lower incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development), partially offset by a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development and higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 50.7% in 2015, compared to 50.1% in 2014, which was an increase of 0.6 percentage points due primarily to higher severity of losses, partially offset by lower frequency of claims and higher average earned premium. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $55.4 million in 2015, compared to $80.8 million in 2014. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $10.8 million in 2015, compared to $14.8 million in 2014. 37 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) 2014 Compared with 2013 Earned premiums in homeowners insurance decreased by $13.8 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $39.8 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $26.0 million. Incurred losses and LAE were $222.5 million, or 71.2% of earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $188.5 million, or 57.8% of earned premiums, in 2013. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due to higher incurred catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) and a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 50.1% in 2014, compared to 52.2% in 2013, which was an improvement of 2.1 percentage points due primarily to the impact of pricing and underwriting actions taken by the Company, partially offset by higher frequency of claims and higher severity of losses. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $80.8 million in 2014, compared to $38.2 million in 2013. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $14.8 million in 2014, compared to $20.1 million in 2013. Commercial Automobile Insurance Selected financial information for the commercial automobile insurance product line follows. 2015 2014 2013 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written...................................................................................................... Earned Premiums ............................................................................................................. Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: $ $ 54.1 54.5 Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... $ Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Prior Years: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... $ Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio................................................................................. 45.7 0.2 1.8 — 47.7 83.8% 0.4 3.3 — 87.5% 2015 Compared with 2014 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 55.6 54.8 44.6 0.2 (2.6) — 42.2 81.3% 0.4 (4.7) — 77.0% 53.7 52.3 43.7 0.1 (3.0) — 40.8 83.5% 0.2 (5.7) — 78.0% Earned premiums in commercial automobile insurance decreased by $0.3 million in 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to a slight decrease in volume, nearly offset by an increase in average earned premium. Incurred losses and LAE were $47.7 million, or 87.5% of earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $42.2 million, or 77.0% of earned premiums, in 2014. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due primarily to adverse loss and LAE reserve development in 2015, compared to favorable development in 2014 and higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 83.8% in 2015, compared to 81.3% in 2014, which was an increase of 2.5 percentage points due primarily to higher frequency of losses across all coverages, particularly bodily injury, partially offset by lower severity of losses across most coverages, particularly bodily injury and comprehensive. Adverse loss and LAE reserve development was $1.8 million in 2015, compared to favorable development of $2.6 million in 2014. 38 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) 2014 Compared with 2013 Earned premiums in commercial automobile insurance increased by $2.5 million due to higher volume with average earned premium remaining consistent. Incurred losses and LAE were $42.2 million, or 77.0% of earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $40.8 million, or 78.0% of earned premiums, in 2013. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums decreased due to lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums, partially offset by a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 81.3% in 2014, compared to 83.5% in 2013, which was an improvement of 2.2 percentage points due primarily to lower severity of losses across most coverages, partially offset by higher frequency of claims across most coverages. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $2.6 million in 2014, compared to $3.0 million in 2013. Other Personal Insurance Other personal insurance products include umbrella, dwelling fire, inland marine, earthquake, boat owners and other liability coverages. Selected financial information for other personal insurance product lines follows. 2015 2014 2013 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Premiums Written...................................................................................................... Earned Premiums ............................................................................................................. Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: $ $ 45.6 46.7 Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... $ Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... 23.4 2.2 Prior Years: Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE............................................................................... Catastrophe Losses and LAE ...................................................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... $ (2.0) (0.1) 23.5 Ratios Based On Earned Premiums Current Year Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio..................................................... Current Year Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................ Prior Years Non-catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio....................................................... Prior Years Catastrophe Losses and LAE Ratio............................................................... Total Incurred Loss and LAE Ratio................................................................................. 50.1% 4.7 (4.3) (0.2) 50.3% 2015 Compared with 2014 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 48.0 50.9 28.1 2.8 (3.5) (1.9) 25.5 55.2% 5.5 (6.9) (3.7) 50.1% 53.4 55.3 24.4 1.2 (3.7) (1.1) 20.8 44.1% 2.2 (6.7) (2.0) 37.6% Earned premiums in other personal insurance decreased by $4.2 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $5.5 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $1.3 million. Incurred losses and LAE were $23.5 million, or 50.3% of earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $25.5 million, or 50.1% of earned premiums, in 2014. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due to a lower level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development, partially offset by lower underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums and lower catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development). Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 50.1% in 2015, compared to 55.2% in 2014, which was an improvement of 5.1 percentage points due primarily to lower frequency of umbrella claims, partially offset by higher severity of losses across all coverages. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $2.2 million in 2015, compared to $2.8 million in 2014. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $2.1 million in 2015, compared to $5.4 million in 2014. 39 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) PROPERTY & CASUALTY INSURANCE (Continued) 2014 Compared with 2013 Earned premiums in other personal insurance decreased by $4.4 million as lower volume accounted for a decrease of $6.6 million, while higher average earned premium accounted for an increase of $2.2 million. Incurred losses and LAE were $25.5 million, or 50.1% of earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $20.8 million, or 37.6% of earned premiums, in 2013. Incurred losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums increased due to higher underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums and higher catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development), partially offset by a higher level of favorable loss and LAE reserve development. Underlying losses and LAE as a percentage of earned premiums were 55.2% in 2014, compared to 44.1% in 2013, which was an increase of 11.1 percentage points due primarily to higher severity of losses and frequency of claims across most coverages. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $2.8 million in 2014, compared to $1.2 million in 2013. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development was $5.4 million in 2014, compared to $4.8 million in 2013. 40 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIFE & HEALTH INSURANCE Selected financial information for the Life & Health Insurance segment is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Earned Premiums: 2015 2014 2013 Life.................................................................................................................................... $ Accident and Health ......................................................................................................... Property............................................................................................................................. Total Earned Premiums ......................................................................................................... Net Investment Income.......................................................................................................... Other Income ......................................................................................................................... Total Revenues ...................................................................................................................... Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE......................................................... Insurance Expenses ............................................................................................................... Operating Profit ..................................................................................................................... Income Tax Expense.............................................................................................................. Segment Net Operating Income ............................................................................................ $ 374.1 144.9 75.4 594.4 214.2 2.4 811.0 381.3 320.0 109.7 (38.0) 71.7 $ $ 387.6 148.6 76.5 612.7 218.7 0.9 832.3 374.4 316.0 141.9 (50.1) 91.8 $ $ 392.7 161.4 78.8 632.9 209.9 0.2 843.0 387.9 318.2 136.9 (47.6) 89.3 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Insurance Reserves: INSURANCE RESERVES Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Future Policyholder Benefits................................................................................................................ Incurred Losses and LAE Reserves: $ 3,278.4 $ 3,214.7 Life .................................................................................................................................................. Accident and Health ........................................................................................................................ Property ........................................................................................................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE Reserves ............................................................................................ Insurance Reserves.................................................................................................................................... 41.2 21.4 5.2 67.8 $ 3,346.2 38.8 20.2 4.5 63.5 $ 3,278.2 2015 Compared with 2014 Earned Premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $18.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. Earned premiums on life insurance decreased by $13.5 million in 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to an adjustment of $7.6 million recorded in 2015 to correct deferred premium reserves on certain limited pay life insurance policies and lower volume. Excluding the adjustment, earned premiums on life insurance decreased by $5.9 million as a decrease of $8.9 million from life insurance products offered by the Kemper Home Service Companies (“KHSC”) was partially offset by an increase of $3.0 million from life insurance products offered by Reserve National Insurance Company (“Reserve National”) due in part to the impact of the expansion of its distribution channels. Earned premiums on accident and health insurance decreased by $3.7 million in 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to lower volume resulting from the non- renewal and run-off of certain health insurance products largely due to the impact of the Health Care Acts, partially offset by higher volume of supplemental health insurance products and higher average earned premium. In particular, provisions, effective in 2014, prohibiting the renewal of certain policies issued by Reserve National after the issuance of the Health Care Acts and also establishing health insurance exchanges, and a provision that sets minimum loss ratios for certain health insurance policies have adversely impacted Reserve National’s business. Such affected health insurance products (the “HCA Affected Products”) accounted for $20.4 million, or 14%, of the segment’s accident and health insurance earned premiums in 2015 and $30.8 million, or 21%, of the segment’s accident and health insurance earned premiums in 2014. Reserve National has adapted its business model in response to the Health Care Acts, has ceased selling HCA Affected Products at the end of 2011, and has transitioned its sales to supplemental health insurance products that are not expected to be as severely impacted by the Health Care Acts. Earned premiums on property insurance decreased by $1.1 million in 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to lower volume of insurance, partially offset by higher premium rates in a few states. 41 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIFE & HEALTH INSURANCE (Continued) Net Investment Income decreased by $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, due primarily to lower investment income from other equity interests, partially offset by higher investment income from fixed income securities and Equity Method Limited Liability Investments. Investment income from other equity interests in 2014 included dividend income of $21.4 million from one company that had sold substantially all of its operations. Investment income from fixed income securities increased by $8.8 million due to higher yields and higher levels of investments. The weighted-average book yield on the Company’s life and health insurance subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities was approximately 5.8% and 5.7% at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. A protracted low interest rate environment could adversely impact the weighted-average book yield on these subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities. For example, the weighted-average book yield on the subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities will decline if new money is invested at yields below the portfolio rate. Also, the weighted-average book yield on the subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities will decline, to the extent that investments maturing over the next five years are not used for such purposes as paying claims and expenses, if the reinvested portion is at a yield that is lower than the book yield of the maturing investment. The subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities that are maturing over the next five years totaled $607.5 million at December 31, 2015. The weighted-average book yield on such investments was 8.3% at December 31, 2015. The reinvestment rate for the subsidiaries’ investments in fixed maturities was approximately 8.0% in 2015 with an average duration of 4.6 years at December 31, 2015. Net investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments was $5.4 million in 2015, compared to net investment loss of $0.4 million in 2014, which is an increase of $5.8 million due primarily to higher investment returns on two distressed debt funds. Operating Profit in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $109.7 million before income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $141.9 million in 2014. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE increased by $6.9 million in 2015 due primarily to higher policyholders’ benefits on life insurance and higher incurred losses and LAE on property insurance. Policyholders’ benefits on life insurance were $274.9 million in 2015, compared to $268.7 million in 2014, an increase of $6.2 million due primarily to higher death claims and a lower lapse ratio related to insurance policies issued by KHSC and higher volume of insurance from policies issued by Reserve National. Incurred accident and health insurance losses were $80.8 million, or 55.8% of accident and health insurance earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $81.1 million, or 54.6% of accident and health insurance earned premiums, in 2014. Incurred accident and health insurance losses increased as a percentage of earned premiums due primarily to higher average claim costs, partially offset by the impact of a change in business mix resulting from the non-renewal and run-off of certain health insurance products with higher loss ratios and the issuance of supplemental insurance products with lower loss ratios. Incurred losses and LAE on property insurance were $25.6 million, or 34.0% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $24.6 million, or 32.2% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2014. Underlying losses and LAE on property insurance were $20.4 million, or 27.1% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2015, compared to $21.7 million, or 28.4% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2014 and decreased due primarily to lower frequency and severity of fire insurance losses, partially offset by higher severity of losses from storms that were not large enough to be classified as a catastrophe by ISO. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding development) were $3.8 million in 2015, compared to $2.0 million in 2014. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development was $1.4 million in 2015, compared to $0.9 million in 2014. Insurance Expenses in the Life & Health Insurance segment increased by $4.0 million due primarily to higher legal costs and costs incurred in connection with a project to digitize historical records, partially offset by lower salary expenses from a lower level of field staff managers and district managers resulting from a consolidation of The Kemper Home Service Companies’ field operations substantially completed in the first quarter of 2015 and lower agent incentive conference expense. Segment Net Operating Income in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $71.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $91.8 million in 2014. 2014 Compared with 2013 Earned Premiums in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $20.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. Earned premiums on life insurance decreased by $5.1 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to a lower volume of insurance, as a decrease of $12.6 million from life insurance products offered by KHSC was partially offset by an increase of $7.5 million from life insurance products offered by Reserve National. Earned premiums on accident and health insurance decreased by $12.8 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower volume of insurance resulting primarily from the run-off of certain health insurance products largely due to the impact of the Health Care Acts, partially offset by higher volume of supplemental health insurance products. HCA Affected Products accounted for $30.8 million, or 21%, of the Life & Health Insurance segment’s accident and health insurance earned premiums in 2014 and $49.6 million, or 31%, of the Life & Health Insurance segment’s accident and health insurance earned 42 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIFE & HEALTH INSURANCE (Continued) premiums in 2013. Earned premiums on property insurance decreased by $2.3 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower volume, partially offset by higher average premium. Net Investment Income increased by $8.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to higher investment income from other equity interests, partially offset by lower investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and lower book yields on fixed maturities. Investment income from other equity interests in 2014 included dividend income of $21.4 million from one company that had sold substantially all of its operations. Net investment loss from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments was $0.4 million in 2014, compared to net investment income of $8.4 million in 2013. Operating Profit in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $141.9 million before taxes for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $136.9 million in 2013. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and LAE decreased by $13.5 million in 2014 due primarily to lower incurred accident and health insurance losses, lower underlying losses on property insurance, lower catastrophe losses and LAE and lower policyholders’ benefits on life insurance, partially offset by an unfavorable impact of property insurance reserve development. Incurred accident and health insurance losses were $81.1 million, or 54.6% of accident and health insurance earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $90.9 million, or 56.3% of accident and health insurance earned premiums, in 2013. Incurred accident and health insurance losses as a percentage of accident and health insurance earned premiums decreased due primarily to a change in business mix from the aforementioned run-off of certain health insurance products. Incurred losses and LAE on property insurance were $24.6 million, or 32.2% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $27.4 million, or 34.8% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2013. Underlying losses and LAE on property insurance were $21.7 million, or 28.4% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2014, compared to $25.6 million, or 32.5% of property insurance earned premiums, in 2013 and decreased due primarily to lower frequency and severity of insurance losses. Catastrophe losses and LAE (excluding reserve development) were $2.0 million in 2014, compared to $3.6 million in 2013. Unfavorable loss and LAE reserve development was $0.9 million in 2014, compared to favorable loss and LAE reserve development of $1.8 million in 2013. Favorable loss and LAE reserve development in 2013 resulted primarily from a final assessment issued by the Mississippi Windstorm Underwriting Association (“MWUA”) that reduced KHSC’s share of MWUA’s losses for the 2004 through 2006 policy periods by $2.0 million. Policyholders’ benefits on life insurance were $268.7 million in 2014, compared to $269.6 million in 2013, which is a decrease of $0.9 million due primarily to a lower provision for future policyholders’ benefits and lower death claims related to insurance policies issued by KHSC, partially offset by the higher volume of insurance from policies issued by Reserve National. Insurance Expenses in the Life & Health Insurance segment decreased by $2.2 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower non-deferrable career agent incentive compensation and service commissions, lower legal costs and lower salary expense from the capitalization of certain salaries in connection with an internal use software project, partially offset by higher commissions and other expenses resulting from the expansion of Reserve National’s distribution channels. Segment Net Operating Income in the Life & Health Insurance segment was $91.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to $89.3 million in 2013. Unclaimed Property Certain state insurance regulators, legislators and treasurers/controllers are involved in an array of initiatives that could result in significant changes to the application of unclaimed property laws and related claims handling practices with respect to life insurance policies. These initiatives seek, in various ways, to impose a new duty on the part of life insurers to proactively search for deaths of their insureds. It is the Company’s position that state officials lack the legal authority to impose new requirements where such requirements have the effect of changing the terms of existing life insurance contracts. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “Unclaimed Property Risk Factor,” MD&A, “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these matters. 43 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT RESULTS Net Investment Income Net Investment Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Investment Income (Loss): 2015 2014 2013 $ Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities...................................................................... Dividends on Equity Securities ........................................................................................ Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ................................................................. Fair Value Option Investments......................................................................................... Short-term Investments..................................................................................................... Loans to Policyholders ..................................................................................................... Real Estate ........................................................................................................................ Other ................................................................................................................................. Total Investment Income....................................................................................................... Investment Expenses: Real Estate ........................................................................................................................ Other Investment Expenses .............................................................................................. Total Investment Expenses.................................................................................................... Net Investment Income.......................................................................................................... $ 236.2 32.4 19.0 0.2 0.4 21.1 11.9 — 321.2 11.3 7.3 18.6 302.6 $ $ 227.4 59.9 9.0 (0.7) 0.6 20.5 12.1 0.1 328.9 11.3 8.5 19.8 309.1 $ $ 235.5 38.0 26.4 — 0.1 19.8 20.8 — 340.6 18.3 7.6 25.9 314.7 2015 Compared with 2014 Net Investment Income decreased by $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to lower Dividends on Equity Securities, partially offset by higher income on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and higher Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities. Dividends on Equity Securities decreased by $27.5 million. Dividends on Equity Securities in 2014 included dividend income of $21.8 million from one company that had sold substantially all of its operations. Investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments increased by $10.0 million due primarily to higher returns on two distressed debt funds. Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities increased by $8.8 million due primarily to higher yields. 2014 Compared with 2013 Net Investment Income decreased by $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower income on Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and lower Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities, partially offset by higher dividends on Equity Securities. Investment income from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments decreased by $17.4 million due to lower investment returns. Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities decreased by $8.1 million due primarily to lower yields and, to a lesser extent, lower levels of Fixed Maturities. Dividends on Equity Securities in 2014 included dividend income of $21.8 million from one company that had sold substantially all of its operations. Interest income from loans to policyholders increased by $0.7 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due to a higher level of loans outstanding. Net investment income from real estate decreased by $1.7 million in 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to income from the early termination of one tenant’s lease in 2013. 44 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT RESULTS (Continued) Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments The components of Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: 2015 2014 2013 Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... $ Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. $ 16.1 (1.1) $ 7.0 (0.2) Equity Securities: Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. 39.2 (1.6) 33.1 (2.0) Equity Method Limited Liability Investments: 30.9 (0.4) 21.8 (0.5) Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... — — 2.5 Real Estate: Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. Other Investments: Gain on Sale of Subsidiary ............................................................................................... Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. Trading Securities Net Gains (Losses) ............................................................................. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments......................................................................... $ Gross Gains on Sales ............................................................................................................. $ Gross Losses on Sales ........................................................................................................... Net Gains (Losses) on Trading Securities ............................................................................. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments......................................................................... $ — (0.2) — — — (0.3) 52.1 55.3 (2.9) (0.3) 52.1 $ $ $ — (0.2) 1.6 — (0.1) (0.1) 39.1 41.7 (2.5) (0.1) 39.1 $ $ $ 44.2 — — 0.1 (0.1) 0.6 99.1 99.5 (1.0) 0.6 99.1 Fixed Maturities In 2013, the Company sold several corporate bonds and notes in conjunction with a comprehensive review of the prospects of each issuer in the Company’s publicly-traded corporate bond portfolio. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Fixed Maturities for the year ended December 31, 2013 include realized gains of $24.8 million from such sales. Other sales activity in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was due to normal portfolio management. Equity Securities In 2015, the Company sold $149.9 million of equity securities due to portfolio allocation adjustments and tax planning initiatives. The Company recognized Gains on Sales of Equity Securities of $31.4 million and Losses on Sales of Equity Securities of $0.7 million resulting from such sales. In 2014, the Company sold certain common stocks and other equity interests to reduce a concentration with an external investment manager and to accelerate utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Equity Securities for the year ended December 31, 2014 include net realized gains of $21.6 million from such sales. In 2013, the Company sold certain common stocks to accelerate the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Equity Securities for the year ended December 31, 2013 include realized gains of $19.8 million from such sales. Other sales activity in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was due to normal portfolio management. 45 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT RESULTS (Continued) Real Estate In 2013, the Company sold the building where Kemper’s corporate offices are headquartered and recognized a realized gain of $43.6 million. The sale was part of an effort to reduce the Company’s real estate exposure and reduce the real estate portfolio’s concentration risk. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio for factors that may indicate that a decline in the fair value of an investment is other-than-temporary. Losses arising from other-than-temporary declines in fair value are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period that the declines are determined to be other-than-temporary. Information pertaining to Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. 2015 2014 2013 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities ................................................................ Equity Securities ............................................................... Real Estate......................................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings .............. Amount $ (11.5) (15.7) — $ (27.2) Number of Issuers/ Properties 9 25 — Number of Issuers/ Properties 21 22 1 Amount $ (5.7) (7.1) (2.4) $ (15.2) Fixed Maturities Number of Issuers/ Properties 5 11 — Amount $ (10.3) (3.6) — (13.9) $ Net Impairment Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2015 related to Investments in Fixed Maturities include losses of $4.3 million due to the Company’s intent to sell or requirement to sell bonds of four issuers and credit losses of $7.2 million from other-than-temporary declines in the fair values of investments in fixed maturities of six issuers. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2014 related to Investments in Fixed Maturities include losses of $0.4 million due to the Company’s intent to sell or requirement to sell bonds of 18 issuers and credit losses of $5.3 million from other-than-temporary declines in the fair values of investments in fixed maturities of three issuers. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the year ended December 31, 2013 related to Investments in Fixed Maturities include losses of $0.8 million due to the Company’s intent to sell or requirement to sell bonds of two issuers and credit losses of $9.5 million from other-than-temporary declines in the fair values of investments in fixed maturities of three issuers. Real Estate In 2014, the Company determined that the book value of one property was not recoverable based on the Company’s estimate of the weighted-average, undiscounted cash flows from such property. Accordingly, the Company wrote down the property to its estimated fair value and recognized an impairment loss of $2.4 million in 2014. 46 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT RESULTS (Continued) Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) The components of Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income: 2015 2014 2013 Gains on Sales ............................................................................................................. Losses on Sales ........................................................................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings ........................................................ Gain on Sale of Subsidiary.......................................................................................... Net Gains (Losses) on Trading Securities................................................................... Net Gain Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income ......................................... Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) ...................................................... Total Comprehensive Investment Gains (Losses)............................................................ $ $ $ 55.3 (2.9) (27.2) — (0.3) 24.9 (178.7) (153.8) $ 40.1 (2.5) (15.2) 1.6 (0.1) 23.9 233.6 257.5 $ $ 99.5 (1.0) (13.9) — 0.6 85.2 (362.6) (277.4) INVESTMENT QUALITY AND CONCENTRATIONS The Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio is comprised primarily of high-grade municipal, corporate and agency bonds. At December 31, 2015, 90% of the Company’s fixed maturity investment portfolio was rated investment-grade, which is defined as a security having a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from S&P; a rating of Aaa, Aa, A or Baa from Moody’s; a rating of AAA, AA, A or BBB from Fitch; or a rating from the NAIC of 1 or 2. The following table summarizes the credit quality of the fixed maturity investment portfolio at December 31, 2015 and 2014: NAIC Rating 1 2 3-4 5-6 S&P Equivalent Rating AAA, AA, A............................................................................... BBB............................................................................................ BB, B.......................................................................................... CCC or Lower ............................................................................ Total Investments in Fixed Maturities ....................................................... Fair Value in Millions $ 3,222.5 1,149.0 222.4 258.4 $ 4,852.3 Percentage of Total Fair Value in Millions 66.4% $ 3,249.3 23.7 1,156.4 4.6 166.7 5.3 205.2 100.0% $ 4,777.6 Percentage of Total 68.0% 24.2 3.5 4.3 100.0% Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s investments in below-investment-grade fixed maturities were $16.5 million and $5.6 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in governmental fixed maturities at December 31, 2015 and 2014: Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities .................. States and Political Subdivisions: Fair Value 320.6 $ Percentage of Total Investments Fair Value 345.5 5.0% $ Pre-refunded with U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities Held in Trust.................................................................... States........................................................................................................ Political Subdivisions .............................................................................. Revenue Bonds........................................................................................ 751.8 Total Investments in Governmental Fixed Maturities ............................... $ 1,943.2 93.7 605.0 172.1 1.5 9.4 2.7 85.4 644.6 141.1 11.7 606.0 30.3% $ 1,822.6 Percentage of Total Investments 5.4% 1.3 10.0 2.2 9.4 28.3% 47 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT QUALITY AND CONCENTRATIONS (Continued) The Company’s short-term investments primarily consist of U.S Treasuries, overnight repurchase agreements, money market funds, overnight interest bearing accounts and certificates of deposit. At December 31, 2015, the Company had $84.6 million invested in overnight repurchase agreements primarily collateralized by securities issued by the U.S. government and government agencies and authorities, $50.1 million of certificates of deposit issued by a single bank, $78.7 million invested in overnight interest bearing accounts with one of the Company’s custodial banks and $21.6 million invested in money market funds which primarily invest in U.S. Treasury securities. At the time of borrowing, the repurchase agreements generally require the borrower to provide collateral to the Company at least equal to the amount borrowed from the Company. The Company bears some investment risk in the event that a borrower defaults and the value of collateral falls below the amount borrowed. The Company does not have any investments in sovereign debt securities issued by foreign governments. The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by industry at December 31, 2015 and 2014: Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fair Value Manufacturing............................................................................................ $ 1,160.4 707.4 Finance, Insurance and Real Estate ........................................................... 374.4 Services ...................................................................................................... 334.4 Transportation, Communication and Utilities............................................ 139.7 Mining........................................................................................................ 91.1 Retail Trade................................................................................................ 80.6 Wholesale Trade......................................................................................... 20.6 Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing .............................................................. 0.5 Other .......................................................................................................... $ 2,909.1 Total Investments in Non-governmental Fixed Maturities........................ Percentage of Total Investments Fair Value 18.0% $ 1,247.4 11.0 785.6 5.8 305.0 5.2 312.9 2.2 139.7 1.4 74.5 1.3 69.7 0.3 15.3 — 4.9 45.2% $ 2,955.0 Percentage of Total Investments 19.4% 12.2 4.7 4.9 2.2 1.2 1.1 0.2 0.1 46.0% The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s investments in non-governmental fixed maturities by range of amount invested at December 31, 2015. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Below $5 ............................................................................................................................................... $5 -$10 .................................................................................................................................................. $10 - $20 ............................................................................................................................................... $20 - $30 ............................................................................................................................................... Greater Than $30................................................................................................................................... Total....................................................................................................................................................... Number of Issuers 389 108 66 11 2 Aggregate Fair Value 884.7 $ 766.0 920.9 271.3 66.2 576 $ 2,909.1 48 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENT QUALITY AND CONCENTRATIONS (Continued) The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s ten largest exposures, excluding investments in U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities, pre-refunded municipal bonds and Short-term Investments, at December 31, 2015. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: States including their Political Subdivisions: Fair Value Percentage of Total Investments Texas ............................................................................................................................................. $ Georgia.......................................................................................................................................... Ohio............................................................................................................................................... Michigan ....................................................................................................................................... Florida ........................................................................................................................................... Colorado........................................................................................................................................ Wisconsin...................................................................................................................................... Louisiana ....................................................................................................................................... 109.8 79.2 78.0 76.9 66.5 66.3 59.3 54.5 1.7% 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 Equity Securities—Other Equity Interests: Vanguard Total Stock Market ETF.................................................................................................... 77.8 1.2 Equity Method Limited Liability Investments: Tennenbaum Opportunities Fund V, LLC.......................................................................................... Total........................................................................................................................................................ $ 58.7 727.0 0.9 11.1% 49 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) INVESTMENTS IN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES AND LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS The Company owns investments in various limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that primarily invest in distressed debt, mezzanine debt and secondary transactions. The Company’s investments in these limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships are reported either as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, Other Equity Interests and included in Equity Securities, or Fair Value Option Investments depending on the accounting method used to report the investment. See Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information pertaining to these investments at December 31, 2015 and 2014 is presented below. Asset Class Unfunded Commitment Dec 31, 2015 Reported Value in Millions Dec 31, 2015 Dec 31, 2014 Reported as Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at Cost Plus Cumulative Undistributed Earnings: Distressed Debt............................................................................................... $ Secondary Transactions .................................................................................. Mezzanine Debt .............................................................................................. Growth Equity ................................................................................................ Senior Debt ..................................................................................................... Leveraged Buyout........................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................... Total Equity Method Limited Liability Investments........................................... Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value: Mezzanine Debt .............................................................................................. Senior Debt ..................................................................................................... Distressed Debt............................................................................................... Secondary Transactions .................................................................................. Hedge Fund..................................................................................................... Leveraged Buyout........................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................... Total Reported as Other Equity Interests at Fair Value....................................... Reported as Fair Value Option Investments: Hedge Fund..................................................................................................... Total Investments in Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships.... — $ 20.2 37.8 — 0.7 0.1 — 58.8 65.8 17.0 12.3 10.0 — 1.6 0.9 107.6 — $ 90.5 38.5 38.8 4.8 10.8 2.8 4.4 190.6 83.8 37.9 18.9 14.2 — 5.9 44.8 205.5 164.5 93.0 48.9 27.0 5.3 5.0 3.9 1.7 184.8 69.7 21.4 18.2 15.6 9.1 8.0 44.2 186.2 53.3 424.3 $ 166.4 $ 560.6 $ The Company expects that it will be required to fund its commitments over the next several years. The Company expects that the proceeds from distributions from these investments will be the primary source of funding of such commitments. The Company does not directly participate, as either a lender or borrower of securities, in any securities lending program. The Company does not participate directly in credit default swaps. The Company does not engage directly in hedging activities, including, but not limited to, activities involving interest rate swaps, forward foreign currency contracts, commodities contracts, exchange traded and over-the-counter options or warrants. The Company has limited exposure to such programs and activities by virtue of its investments in the limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships noted above. 50 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) WRITE-OFFS OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS In June 2015, the Company decided to cease funding for and abandon a computer software development project for the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $11.1 million before taxes to write off such software. In September 2014, the Company determined that it was no longer probable that certain software for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment would be completed and/or fully implemented. Accordingly, the Company recorded a charge of $54.6 million before taxes to write off such software in 2014. INTEREST AND OTHER EXPENSES Interest and Other Expenses was $107.6 million, $91.7 million and $100.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Interest expense, excluding interest on a mortgage note payable included in real estate investment expense in 2013, was $46.5 million, $46.9 million and $38.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Other Corporate Expenses were $61.1 million, $44.8 million and $62.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Other Corporate Expenses increased by $16.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014, due primarily to higher postretirement benefit costs and, to a lesser extent, higher compensation expense. Other Corporate Expenses decreased by $17.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to lower postretirement benefit costs. As shown in Note 16, “Pension Benefits,” the Company recognized an actuarial gain of $47.5 million related to its qualified defined benefit pension plan in 2015. The Accumulated Actuarial Loss included in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”) for such plan was $152.2 million at December 31, 2015. The actuarial gain in 2015 was due primarily to an increase in the discount rate assumed and, to a lesser extent, a change in the mortality rate assumed as a result of adopting newly- published mortality tables. Amortization of accumulated actuarial losses included as a component of pension expense is anticipated to decrease by $12.6 million in 2016, compared to 2015. In 2016, the Company is changing its method for estimating the interest and service cost components of expense recognized for its pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans. As a result, the Company is electing to use a full yield curve approach to estimate these components of benefit cost by applying the specific spot rates along the yield curve used in the determination of the benefit obligation to the relevant projected cash flows. Historically, the interest and service cost components were estimated using a single weighted-average discount rate derived from the yield curve used to measure the projected benefit obligation or accumulated postretirement benefit obligation, as relevant, at the beginning of the period. The change provides a more precise measurement of interest and service costs by improving the correlation between projected benefit cash flows to the corresponding spot yield curve rates. The Company will account for this change as a change in accounting estimate that is inseparable from a change in accounting principle and, accordingly, will recognize its effect prospectively in 2016. The Company anticipates that the change in method for estimating the interest and service cost components will decrease pension expense by $5.4 million in 2016, but will have no impact on the measurement of benefit obligations. INCOME TAXES The Company’s effective income tax rate from continuing operations differs from the Federal statutory income tax rate due primarily to the effects of tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions, interest related to unrecognized tax benefits, estimated indemnification recoveries recognized in earnings pursuant to the Alliance United purchase agreement and the net effects of state income taxes. Tax-exempt investment income and dividends received deductions were $27.9 million, $25.6 million and $30.1 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Estimated indemnification recoveries recognized in earnings result in an adjustment in the tax purchase price and are excluded from the determination of taxable income and income tax expense. Such recoveries were $10.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 includes an interest benefit of $2.1 million, including an interest benefit of $2.3 million from the settlement of certain tax years. See Note 15, “Income Taxes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional discussion of such settlement. State income tax expense, net of federal benefit, from continuing operations was $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 51 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES Debt In June 2015, Kemper amended and restated its $225.0 million, unsecured, revolving credit agreement to, among other things, extend the expiration date to June 2, 2020. Prior to the amendment, the credit agreement was scheduled to expire on March 7, 2016. The credit agreement, as amended and restated, provides for fixed and floating rate advances for periods up to six months at various interest rates. The credit agreement, as amended and restated, contains various financial covenants, including limits on total debt to total capitalization, consolidated net worth and minimum risk-based capital ratios for Kemper’s largest insurance subsidiaries, United Insurance and Trinity Universal Insurance Company (“Trinity”). Proceeds from advances under the credit agreement, as amended and restated, may be used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of existing indebtedness. Kemper did not borrow under its credit agreement during 2015, 2014 and 2013. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at December 31, 2015, and accordingly, $225.0 million was available for future borrowings. In February 2015, Kemper issued $250.0 million of its 4.35% senior notes due February 15, 2025. The net proceeds of the issuance were $247.3 million, net of discount and transaction costs, for an effective yield of 4.49%. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices. Kemper used the net proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Senior Notes, together with available cash, to redeem in full the $250.0 million outstanding principal amount of its 6.00% Senior Notes due November 30, 2015. Kemper recognized a loss of $9.1 million before income taxes in the first quarter of 2015 from the early redemption of these senior notes. The outstanding principal balance of Kemper’s debt was $750.6 million at December 31, 2015, of which, $360 million is scheduled to mature on May 15, 2017 (the “2017 Debt”), $250 million is scheduled to mature on February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Debt”) and $150 million is scheduled to mature on February 27, 2054 (the “2054 Debt”). The 2017 Debt and 2025 Debt are currently redeemable at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices. The 2054 Debt was issued in 2014 and is subordinated to the 2017 Debt and 2025 Debt. Kemper cannot redeem the 2054 Debt prior to February 27, 2019 unless certain tax or rating agency events have occurred. See Note 7, “Debt,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding Kemper’s debt. Trinity and United Insurance are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Dallas and the FHLB of Chicago, respectively. As members, Trinity and United Insurance may obtain advances from the FHLB of Dallas and Chicago, respectively. Advances from the FHLB of Dallas and Chicago are subject to collateral requirements as specified in the respective agreements with Trinity and United Insurance. From time to time, Trinity and United Insurance obtain advances from the FHLB of Dallas and Chicago, respectively, for short-term liquidity needs. In 2015, Trinity borrowed and repaid $77.5 million under its agreement with the FHLB of Dallas, and United Insurance borrowed and repaid $21.0 million under its agreement with the FHLB of Chicago. There were no advances from the FHLB of Dallas or Chicago outstanding at either December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. Subsidiary Dividends Under various state insurance laws, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries may pay dividends without obtaining prior regulatory approval based upon levels of statutory capital and surplus and/or net income, as defined by the applicable state law. Kemper’s direct insurance subsidiaries paid dividends of $285.0 million, $217.5 million and $95.0 million to Kemper in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In 2016, Kemper estimates that its direct insurance subsidiaries would be able to pay $168 million in dividends to Kemper without prior regulatory approval. In 2013, Kemper’s subsidiary, One East Wacker LLC (“One East”), sold the building where Kemper’s corporate offices are headquartered for a gain of $43.6 million before taxes. In connection with the sale, Kemper entered into a long-term operating lease for five floors of the 41-story office building, with naming and signage rights. One East’s proceeds from the sale before taxes, net of repayment of a $45 million mortgage held by Trinity and an advance of $4.0 million from Kemper, and payment of other transaction costs and liabilities, were approximately $50 million. In 2013, One East distributed $48 million of its capital in cash to Kemper. The undistributed net assets of Kemper’s non-insurance subsidiaries were not material at December 31, 2015. Acquisition of Alliance United Group On April 30, 2015, Kemper completed its acquisition of Alliance United in a cash transaction for a total purchase price of $71.0 million, subject to certain post-closing indemnifications. After completing the transaction, Kemper contributed $75.0 million to support the book of business acquired. Kemper contributed $30 million of additional capital in the fourth quarter of 2015 due 52 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (Continued) primarily to support Alliance United’s growing book of business and reductions in statutory capital resulting from the impacts of development of pre-acquisition losses and LAE and non-admission of indemnification receivables. On February 11, 2016 Kemper contributed $25 million of additional capital. Common Stock Repurchases and Dividends to Shareholders On August 6, 2014, the Board of Directors approved the 2014 Repurchase Program under which Kemper is authorized to repurchase up to $300 million of its common stock and terminated Kemper’s remaining authorization under the 2011 Repurchase Program. During 2015, Kemper repurchased approximately 1.2 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $43.5 million in open market transactions under the 2014 Repurchase Program. During 2014, Kemper repurchased approximately 3.2 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $115.5 million in open market transactions under the two repurchase programs. The Company had $247.5 million of remaining capacity under the 2014 Repurchase Program at December 31, 2015. During 2013, Kemper repurchased approximately 3.0 million shares of its common stock at an aggregate cost of $100.4 million in open market transactions under the 2011 Repurchase Program. Kemper paid a quarterly dividend to shareholders of $0.24 per common share in each quarter of 2015. Dividends paid were $49.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. Sources of Funds Kemper directly held cash and investments totaling $341.2 million at December 31, 2015, compared to $330.3 million at December 31, 2014. Sources available for the repayment of indebtedness, repurchases of common stock, future shareholder dividend payments, additional capitalization of its direct insurance subsidiaries, and the payment of interest on Kemper’s senior notes and subordinated debentures include cash and investments directly held by Kemper, receipt of dividends from Kemper’s subsidiaries and borrowings under the credit agreement. The primary sources of funds for Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are premiums and fees from policyholders, investment income and proceeds from the sales and maturity of investments, advances from the FHLBs of Dallas and Chicago, and capital contributions from Kemper. The primary uses of funds are the payment of policyholder benefits under life insurance contracts, claims and claims-related expenses under property and casualty insurance contracts and accident and health insurance contracts, the payment of commissions and general expenses, the purchase of investments, repayments of advances from the FHLBs of Dallas and Chicago and payment of dividends to Kemper. Generally, there is a time lag between when premiums are collected and when policyholder benefits and insurance claims are paid. Changes in the legal environment relative to application of state unclaimed property laws and related insurance claims handling practices could result in changes in the manner in which Kemper’s life insurance companies administer life insurance death benefits and escheat unclaimed benefits to the states, and could have a significant effect on, including decreasing such time lag due to an acceleration of, the payment and/or remittance of such benefits to the states under their unclaimed property laws relative to what is currently contemplated by Kemper. See Item 1A., “Risk Factors,” under the caption “Unclaimed Property Risk Factor” MD&A, “Life & Health Insurance,” and Note 23, “Contingencies,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about these matters. During periods of growth, insurance companies typically experience positive operating cash flows and are able to invest a portion of their operating cash flows to fund future policyholder benefits and claims. During periods in which premium revenues decline, insurance companies may experience negative cash flows from operations and may need to sell investments to fund payments to policyholders and claimants. In addition, if the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries experience several significant catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time, investments may have to be sold in advance of their maturity dates to fund payments, which could result in either investment gains or losses. Management believes that its property and casualty insurance subsidiaries maintain adequate levels of liquidity in the event that they were to experience several future catastrophic events over a relatively short period of time. Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities increased by $81.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014. Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities increased by $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. Net Cash Used by Financing Activities was $100.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $19.7 million for the same period in 2014. Kemper used $357.3 million of cash to repay debt for the year ended December 31, 2015, of which $258.8 million was used to redeem the 2015 Senior Notes and $98.5 million to repay the FHLB advances. Net proceeds from the issuance of debt provided $345.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, of which $247.3 million was related to the 53 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (Continued) issuance of the 2025 Senior Notes and $98.5 million from FHLB advances, compared to net proceeds of $144.0 million related to the issuance of the 2054 Subordinated Debentures in 2014. Kemper used $45.0 million of cash in 2015, including $1.5 million of cash to settle repurchases made at the end of 2014, to repurchase shares of its common stock, compared to using $114.0 million of cash to repurchase shares of its common stock in 2014. Kemper used $49.7 million of cash to pay dividends for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $51.8 million in 2014. The quarterly dividend rate was $0.24 per common share for each quarter of 2015 and 2014. Net Cash Used by Financing Activities decreased by $137.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013, due primarily to net proceeds of $144.0 million in 2014 related to the issuance of the 2054 Subordinated Debentures. Kemper used $114.0 million of cash in 2014 to repurchase shares of its common stock, compared to using $100.4 million of cash to repurchase shares of its common stock in 2013. Kemper used $51.8 million of cash to pay dividends in 2014, compared to using $54.9 million of cash to pay dividends in 2013. The quarterly dividend rate was $0.24 per common share for each quarter of 2014 and 2013. Cash available for investment activities in total is dependent on cash flow from Operating Activities and Financing Activities and the level of cash the Company elects to maintain. Net Cash Used by Investing Activities was $28.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $104.3 million in 2014. Net cash provided by dispositions of short-term investments was $104.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to net cash of $63.9 million used by acquisitions of short- term investments in 2014. Fixed Maturities investing activities used net cash of $53.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to providing net cash of $20.7 million in 2014. Equity Securities investing activities provided net cash of $104.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to using net cash of $10.1 million in 2014. Equity Method Limited Liability Investments investing activities provided net cash of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $33.8 million in 2014. Fair Value Option Investments investing activities used net cash of $111.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to using net cash of $54.0 million in 2014. Net cash used to acquire Alliance United was $57.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2015 compared to net cash of $8.9 million provided by the disposition of a subsidiary in 2014. Purchases of Corporate-owned Life Insurance were $7.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to $33.5 million in 2014. Net Cash Used by Investing Activities increased by $109.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013. Sales of Fixed Maturities exceeded Purchases of Fixed Maturities by $20.7 million in 2014. Purchases of Fixed Maturities exceeded Sales of Fixed Maturities by $80.1 million in 2013. Sales of Equity Securities exceeded Purchases of Equity Securities by $10.1 million in 2014. Purchases of Equity Securities exceeded Sales of Equity Securities by $31.3 million in 2013. Purchases of Fair Value Option Investments exceeded Sales of Fair Value Option Investments by $54.0 million in 2014. There were no purchases or sales of Fair Value Option Investments in 2013. In 2014, the Company made an initial purchase of $33.5 million of Corporate-owned Life Insurance. There were no purchases or sales of Corporate-owned Life Insurance for the same period in 2013. Cash provided by the sale of investment real estate was $0.9 million in 2014 compared to $102.7 million in 2013. Net cash used by acquisitions of short-term investments was $63.9 million in 2014, compared to net cash of $41.8 million provided by dispositions of short-term investments in 2013. OFF–BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS The Company has no material obligations under guarantee contracts. The Company has no material retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity. The Company has no material obligations, including contingent obligations, under contracts that would be accounted for as derivative instruments. The Company has no obligations, including contingent obligations, arising out of a variable interest in an unconsolidated entity held by, and material to, the Company, where such entity provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to, or engages in leasing, hedging or research and development services with the Company. Accordingly, the Company has no material off–balance sheet arrangements. 54 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS Estimated cash disbursements pertaining to the Company’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2015 are presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Long Term Debt Obligations...................................... Capital Lease Obligations .......................................... Operating Lease Obligations ...................................... Purchase Obligations.................................................. Life and Health Insurance Policy Benefits................. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves ................ Other Contractual Obligations Reflected in Long Term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet under GAAP.................................................. Total Contractual Obligations .................................... Jan 1, 2016 To Dec 31, 2016 $ Jan 1, 2017 To Dec 31, 2018 360.0 0.8 28.4 23.3 450.2 261.1 — $ 2.4 17.8 20.6 270.7 508.0 Jan 1, 2019 To Dec 31, 2020 $ After Dec 31, 2020 400.0 — 14.2 — 6,751.1 44.3 — $ — 14.9 7.9 428.8 49.4 $ Total 760.0 3.2 75.3 51.8 7,900.8 862.8 44.1 863.6 $ 53.0 1,176.8 $ 44.7 545.7 $ 419.7 7,629.3 561.5 $ 10,215.4 $ Amounts included in Life and Health Insurance Policy Benefits within the contractual obligations table above represent the estimated cash payments to be made to policyholders and beneficiaries. Such cash outflows are based on the Company’s current assumptions for mortality, morbidity and policy lapse, but are undiscounted with respect to interest. Policies must remain in force for the policyholder or beneficiary to receive the benefit under the policy. Depending on the terms of a particular policy, future premiums from the policyholder may be required for the policy to remain in force. The Company estimates that future cash inflows would total $3.8 billion using the same assumptions used to estimate the cash outflows. The Company’s Life Insurance Reserves in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets are generally based on the historical assumptions for mortality and policy lapse rates and are on a discounted basis. Accordingly, the sum of the amounts presented above for Life and Health Insurance Policy Benefits significantly exceeds the amount of Life and Health Insurance Reserves reported on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015. In addition to the purchase obligations included above, the Company had certain investment commitments totaling $176.1 million at December 31, 2015. The funding of such investment commitments is dependent on a number of factors, the timing of which is indeterminate. The contractual obligations reported above also exclude the Company’s liability of $3.8 million for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company cannot make a reasonably reliable estimate of the amount and period of related future payments, if any, for such liability. Other Contractual Obligations Reflected in Long Term Liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet under GAAP primarily consist of interest obligations related to Long Term Debt Obligations. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES Kemper’s subsidiaries conduct their businesses in two industries: property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance. Accordingly, the Company is subject to several industry-specific accounting principles under GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The process of estimation is inherently uncertain. Accordingly, actual results could ultimately differ materially from the estimated amounts reported in a company’s financial statements. Different assumptions are likely to result in different estimates of reported amounts. The Company’s critical accounting policies most sensitive to estimates include the valuation of investments, the valuation of property and casualty insurance reserves for losses and LAE, the assessment of recoverability of goodwill and the valuation of pension benefit obligations. Valuation of Investments The reported value of the Company’s investments was $6,429.5 million at December 31, 2015, of which $5,544.7 million, or 86%, was reported at fair value, $190.6 million, or 3%, was reported under the equity method of accounting, $288.4 million, or 5%, was reported at unpaid principal balance and $405.8 million, or 6%, was reported at cost or depreciated cost. Investments, in general, are exposed to various risks, such as interest rate risk, credit risk and overall market volatility risk. Accordingly, it is reasonably possible that changes in the fair values of the Company’s investments reported at fair value will occur in the near term and such changes could materially affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Also, it is reasonably possible that changes in the carrying values of the Company’s Equity Method Limited Liability Investments will occur in the near term and such changes could materially affect the amounts reported in the financial statements because these issuers follow specialized industry accounting rules which require that they report all of their investments at fair value (See Item 1A., “Risk 55 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) Factors” under the title “The Company’s investment portfolio is exposed to a variety of risks that may negatively impact net investment income and cause realized and unrealized losses”). As more fully described under the heading, “Fair Value Measurements,” in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company uses a hierarchal framework which prioritizes and ranks the market observability used in fair value measurements. The fair value of the Company’s investments measured and reported at fair value was $5,544.7 million at December 31, 2015, of which $4,613.5 million, or 83%, were investments that were based on quoted market prices or significant value drivers that are observable and $931.2 million, or 17%, were investments where at least one significant value driver was unobservable. Fair value measurements based on readily available, active, quoted market prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally are deemed to have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment, compared to fair value measurements based on significant unobservable inputs used in measuring fair value. The prices that the Company might realize from actual sales of investments are likely to vary from their respective estimated fair values at December 31, 2015 due to changing market conditions and limitations inherent in the estimation process. The classification of a company’s investment in a financial instrument may affect its reported results. For investments classified as trading or for financial instruments for which a company has elected the fair value option method of accounting, a company is required to recognize changes in the fair values into income for the period reported. Accordingly, both the reported and fair values of the Company’s investments classified as trading were $4.7 million at December 31, 2015. Both the reported and fair values of the Company’s investments accounted for under the fair value option method of accounting were $164.5 million at December 31, 2015. For investments in fixed maturities classified as held to maturity, a company is required to carry the investment at amortized cost, with only amortization occurring during the period recognized into income. None of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities were classified as held to maturity at December 31, 2015. Changes in the fair value of investments in fixed maturities classified as available for sale, investments in equity securities classified as available for sale and an insurance entity’s investments in equity securities without readily determinable fair values are not recognized to income during the period, but rather are recognized as a separate component of AOCI until realized. All of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities were classified as available for sale at December 31, 2015. Except for investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting or classified as trading, all of the Company’s investments in equity securities at December 31, 2015 are reported at fair value with changes in fair value reported in AOCI until realized. The Company’s investments accounted for under the equity method of accounting consist of the Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and are valued at cost plus cumulative undistributed comprehensive earnings or losses, and not at fair value. Under GAAP, a company may elect to use the fair value option for some or all of its investments in financial instruments. Under the fair value option, a company is required to recognize changes in the fair values into income for the period reported. Had the Company elected the fair value option for all of its investments in financial instruments, the Company’s reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2015, would have decreased by $115.4 million. The Company regularly reviews its investments for factors that may indicate that a decline in the fair value of an investment below its cost or amortized cost is other than temporary. Such reviews are inherently uncertain in that the value of the investment may not fully recover or may decline further in future periods. Some factors considered for fixed maturity and equity securities in evaluating whether or not a decline in fair value is other than temporary include, but are not limited to, the following: Fixed Maturity Securities • The financial condition, credit rating and prospects of the issuer; • The length of time and magnitude of the unrealized loss; • The ability of the issuer to make scheduled principal and interest payments; • The volatility of the investment; • Opinions of the Company’s external investment managers; • The Company’s intentions to sell or not to sell the investment; and • The Company’s determination of whether it will be required to sell the investment before a full recovery in value. Equity Securities • The financial condition and prospects of the issuer; • The length of time and magnitude of the unrealized loss; 56 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) • The volatility of the investment; • Analyst recommendations and near term price targets; • Opinions of the Company’s external investment managers; • Market liquidity; • Debt-like characteristics of perpetual preferred stocks and issuer ratings; and • The Company’s intentions to sell or ability to hold the investments until recovery. Changes in these factors from their December 31, 2015 evaluation date could result in the Company determining that a temporary decline in the fair value of an investment held and evaluated at December 31, 2015 is no longer temporary at a subsequent evaluation date. Such determination would result in an impairment loss recognized in earnings in the period such determination is made. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses The Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves are reported using the Company’s estimate of its ultimate liability for losses and LAE for claims that occurred prior to the end of any given accounting period but have not yet been paid. The Company had $862.8 million and $733.9 million of gross loss and LAE reserves at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for the Company’s business segments at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Business Segments: 2015 2014 Property & Casualty Insurance .......................................................................................................... Life & Health Insurance..................................................................................................................... Total Business Segments........................................................................................................................... Discontinued Operations........................................................................................................................... Unallocated Reserves ................................................................................................................................ Total Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves...................................................................................... $ 800.5 5.2 805.7 51.0 6.1 862.8 $ 651.1 4.5 655.6 70.2 8.1 733.9 In estimating the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, the Company’s actuaries exercise professional judgment and must consider, and are influenced by, many variables that are difficult to quantify. Accordingly, the process of estimating and establishing the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves is inherently uncertain, and the actual ultimate net cost of known and unknown claims may vary materially from the estimated amounts reserved. The reserving process is particularly imprecise for claims involving asbestos, environmental matters, construction defect and other emerging and/or long-tailed exposures which may not be discovered or reported until years after the insurance policy period has ended. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves related to the Company’s discontinued operations are predominantly long-tailed exposures, $20.3 million of which was related to asbestos, environmental matters and construction defect exposures at December 31, 2015. The Company’s actuaries generally estimate reserves at least quarterly for most product lines and/or coverage levels using accident quarters spanning 10 or more years, depending on the size of the product line and/or coverage level or emerging issues relating to them. The Company’s actuaries use a variety of generally accepted actuarial loss reserving estimation methodologies, including, but not limited to, the following: Incurred Loss Development Methodology; Paid Loss Development Methodology; • • • Bornhuetter-Ferguson Incurred Loss Methodology; • Bornhuetter-Ferguson Paid Loss Methodology; and • Frequency and Severity Methodology. The Company’s actuaries generally review the results of at least four of the estimation methodologies, two based on paid data and two based on incurred data, to initially estimate the ultimate losses and LAE for the current accident quarter and re-estimate the ultimate losses and LAE for previous accident quarters to determine if changes in the previous estimates of the ultimate losses and LAE are indicated by the most recent data. In some cases, the methodologies produce a cluster of estimates with a tight band of indicated possible outcomes. In other cases, however, the methodologies produce conflicting results and wider bands of indicated possible outcomes, and the Company’s actuaries perform additional analyses before making their final 57 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) selections. However, such bands do not necessarily constitute a range of outcomes, nor does the Company’s management or the Company’s actuaries calculate a range of outcomes. The key assumption in these estimation methodologies is that patterns observed in prior periods are indicative of how losses and LAE are expected to develop in the future and that such historical data can be used to predict and estimate ultimate losses and LAE. However, changes in the Company’s business processes, by their very nature, are likely to affect the development patterns, which generally results in the historical development factors becoming less reliable over time in predicting how losses and LAE will ultimately develop. The ultimate impact of a single change in a business process is difficult to quantify and detect, and even more difficult if several changes to business processes occur over several years. Initially after a change is implemented, there are fewer data points, as compared to the historical data, for the Company’s actuaries to analyze. With fewer data points to analyze, the Company’s actuaries cannot be certain that observed differences from the historical data trends are a result of the change in business process or merely a random fluctuation in the data. As the Company’s actuaries observe more data points following the change in business process, the Company’s actuaries can gain more confidence in whether the change in business process is affecting the development pattern. The challenge for the Company’s actuaries is how much weight to place on the development patterns based on the older historical data and how much weight to place on the development patterns based on more recent data. At a minimum, the Company’s actuaries analyze 45 product and/or coverage levels for over 40 separate current and prior accident quarters for both losses and LAE using many of the loss reserving estimation methodologies identified above as well as other generally accepted actuarial estimation methodologies. In all, there are over 10,000 combinations of accident quarters, coverage levels, and generally accepted actuarial estimation methodologies used to estimate the Company’s unpaid losses and LAE. In some cases, the Company’s actuaries make adjustments to the loss reserving estimation methodologies identified above or use additional generally accepted actuarial estimation methodologies to estimate ultimate losses and LAE. For each accident quarter, the point estimate selected by the Company’s actuaries is not necessarily one of the points produced by any particular one of the methodologies utilized, but often is another point selected by the Company’s actuaries, using their professional judgment, that takes into consideration each of the points produced by the several loss reserving estimation methodologies used. In some cases, for a particular product, the current accident quarter may not have enough paid claims data to rely upon, leading the Company’s actuaries to conclude that the incurred loss development methodology provides a better estimate than the paid loss development methodology. Therefore, the Company’s actuaries may give more weight to the incurred loss development methodology for that particular accident quarter. As an accident quarter ages for that same product, the actuary may gain more confidence in the paid loss development methodology and begin to give more weight to the paid loss development methodology. The Company’s actuaries’ quarterly selections are summed by product and/or coverage levels to create the actuarial indication of the ultimate losses. More often than not, the actuarial indication for a particular product line and accident quarter is most heavily weighted toward the incurred loss development methodology, particularly for short-tail lines such as personal automobile insurance. Historically, the incurred loss development methodology has been more reliable in predicting ultimate losses for short-tail lines, especially in the more recent accident quarters, compared with the paid loss development methodology. However, in some circumstances changes can occur which impact numerous variables, including, but not limited to, those variables identified below that are difficult to quantify and/or impact the predictive value of prior development patterns relied upon in the incurred loss development methodology and paid loss development methodology. In those circumstances, the Company’s actuaries must make adjustments to these loss reserving estimation methodologies or use additional generally accepted actuarial estimation methodologies. In those circumstances, the Company’s actuaries, using their professional judgment, may place more weight on the adjusted loss reserving estimation methodologies or other generally accepted actuarial estimation methodologies until the newer development patterns fully emerge and the Company’s actuaries can fully rely on the unadjusted loss reserving estimation methodologies. In the event of a wide variation among results generated by the different projection methodologies, the Company’s actuaries further analyze the data using additional techniques. In estimating reserves, the Company’s actuaries exercise professional judgment and must consider, and are influenced by, many variables that are difficult to quantify, such as: • Changes in the level of minimum case reserves, and the automatic aging of those minimum case reserves; • Changes to claims practices, including, but not limited to, changes in the reporting and impact of large losses, timing of reported claims, changes in claims closing and re-opening patterns, adequacy of case reserves, implementation of new systems for handling claims, turnover of claims department staffs, timing and depth of the audit review of claims handling procedures; • Changes in underwriting practices; 58 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) • Changes in the mix of business by state, class and policy limit within product line; • Growth in new lines of business; • Changes in the attachment points of the Company’s reinsurance programs; • Medical costs, including, but not limited to, the ability to assess the extent of injuries and the impact of inflation; • Repair costs, including, but not limited to, the impact of inflation and the availability of labor and materials; • Changes in the judicial environment, including, but not limited to, the interpretation of policy provisions, the impact of jury awards and changes in case law; and • Changes in state regulatory requirements. A change in any one or more of the foregoing factors is likely to result in a projected ultimate net loss and LAE that is different from the previously estimated reserve and/or previous frequency and severity trends. Such changes in estimates may be material. For example, the Company’s actuaries review frequency (number of claims per policy or exposure), severity (dollars of loss per claim) and average premium (dollars of premium per exposure). Actual frequency and severity experienced will vary depending on changes in mix by class of insured risk. Similarly, the actual frequency and rate of recovery from reinsurance will vary depending on changes in the attachment point for reinsurance. In particular, in periods of high growth or expansion into new markets, there may be additional uncertainty in estimating the ultimate losses and LAE. The contributing factors of this potential risk are changes in the Company’s mix by policy limit and mix of business by state or jurisdiction. Actuaries use historical experience and trends as predictors of how losses and LAE will emerge over time. However, historical experience may not necessarily be indicative of how actual losses and LAE will emerge. Changes in case reserve adequacy, changes in minimum case reserves and changes in internal claims handling procedures could impact the timing and recognition of incurred claims and produce an estimate that is either too high or too low if not adjusted for by the actuary. For example, if, due to changes in claims handling procedures, actual claims are settled more rapidly than they were settled historically, the estimate produced by the paid loss development methodology would tend to be overstated if the actuary did not identify and adjust for the impact of the changes in claims handling procedures. Similarly, if, due to changes in claims handling procedures, actual claim reserves are set at levels higher than past experience, the estimate produced by the incurred loss development methodology would tend to be overstated if the actuary did not identify and adjust for the impact of the changes in claims handling procedures. The final step in the quarterly loss and LAE reserving process involves a comprehensive review of the actuarial indications by the Company’s corporate actuary and corporate management who apply their collective judgment and determine the appropriate estimated level of reserves to record. Numerous factors are considered in this determination process, including, but not limited to, the assessed reliability of key loss trends and assumptions that may be significantly influencing the current actuarial indications, changes in claim handling practices or other changes that affect the timing of payment or development patterns, changes in the mix of business, the maturity of the accident year, pertinent trends observed over the recent past, the level of volatility within a particular line of business, the improvement or deterioration of actuarial indications in the current period as compared to prior periods, and the amount of reserves related to third party pools for which the Company does not have access to the underlying data and, accordingly, relies on calculations provided by such pools. Estimated Variability of Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves The Company’s goal is to ensure that its total reserves for property and casualty insurance losses and LAE are adequate to cover all costs, while sustaining minimal variation from the time reserves for losses and LAE are initially estimated until losses and LAE are fully developed. Changes in the Company’s estimates of these losses and LAE over time, also referred to as “development,” will occur and may be material. Favorable development is recognized and reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements when the Company decreases its previous estimate of ultimate losses and LAE and results in an increase in net income in the period recognized, whereas adverse development is recognized and reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements when the Company increases its previous estimate of ultimate losses and LAE and results in a decrease in net income. 59 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) Development for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Continuing Operations: Property & Casualty Insurance: Favorable (Adverse) Development 2015 2014 2013 Personal Automobile Insurance ........................................................................................ $ Homeowners Insurance..................................................................................................... Commercial Automobile Insurance .................................................................................. Other Personal Lines ......................................................................................................... Life & Health Insurance: Property ............................................................................................................................. Total Favorable Development from Continuing Operations, Net.......................................... Discontinued Operations........................................................................................................ Total Favorable Development, Net........................................................................................ $ 1.8 10.8 (1.8) 2.1 (1.4) 11.5 8.6 20.1 $ $ 31.6 14.8 2.6 5.4 (0.9) 53.5 3.6 57.1 $ $ 30.1 20.1 3.0 4.8 1.8 59.8 4.8 64.6 See MD&A, “Loss and LAE Reserve Development,” “Property & Casualty Insurance,” and “Life & Health Insurance,” for further information on development reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Although development will emerge in all of the Company’s product lines, development in the Company’s personal automobile insurance product line could have the most significant impact due to the relative size of its loss and LAE reserves. To further illustrate the sensitivity of the Company’s reserves for personal automobile insurance losses and LAE to changes in the cumulative development factors, for each quarterly evaluation point the Company’s actuaries calculated the variability of cumulative development factors observed in the incurred loss development methodology using one standard deviation. The Company believes that one standard deviation of variability is a reasonably likely scenario to measure variability for its loss and LAE reserves under the incurred development method for personal automobile insurance. Assuming that the Company’s personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves were based solely on the incurred loss development methodology and the variability in the cumulative development factors occurred within one standard deviation, the Company estimates that the Company’s personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves could have varied by $65.2 million in either direction at December 31, 2015 for all accident years combined under this scenario. In addition to the factors described above, other factors may also impact loss reserve development in future periods. These factors include governmental actions, including court decisions interpreting existing laws, regulations or policy provisions, developments related to insurance policy claims and coverage issues, adverse or favorable outcomes in pending claims litigation, the number and severity of insurance claims, the impact of inflation on insurance claims and the impact of required participation in windpools and joint underwriting associations and residual market assessments. Although the Company’s actuaries do not make specific numerical assumptions about these factors, changes in these factors from past patterns will impact historical loss development factors and, in turn, future loss reserve development. Significant favorable changes in one or more factors will lead to favorable future loss reserve development, which could result in the actual loss developing closer to, or even below, the lower end of the Company’s estimated reserve variability. Significant unfavorable changes in one or more factors will lead to unfavorable loss reserve development, which could result in the actual loss developing closer to, or even above, the higher end of the Company’s estimated reserve variability. Accordingly, due to these factors and the other factors enumerated throughout the MD&A and the inherent limitations of the loss reserving estimation methodologies, the estimated and illustrated reserve variability may not necessarily be indicative of the Company’s future reserve variability, which could ultimately be greater than the estimated and illustrated variability. In addition, as previously noted, development will emerge in all of the Company’s product lines over time. Accordingly, the Company’s future reserve variability could ultimately be greater than the illustrated variability. Additional information pertaining to the estimation of, and development of, the Company’s Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves is contained in Item 1 of Part I of this 2015 Annual Report under the heading “Property and Casualty Loss and Loss Adjustment Expense Reserves.” Goodwill Recoverability While the Company believes that none of its reporting units with material Goodwill are at risk of failing step one of the goodwill impairment test, the process of determining whether or not an asset, such as Goodwill, is impaired or recoverable relies on projections of future cash flows, operating results and market conditions. Such projections are inherently uncertain 60 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—(Continued) CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES (Continued) and, accordingly, actual future cash flows may differ materially from projected cash flows. In evaluating the recoverability of Goodwill, the Company performs a discounted cash flow analysis for each of the Company’s reporting units carrying Goodwill. The discounted cash value may be different from the fair value that would result from an actual transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller. Such analyses are particularly sensitive to changes in discount rates and investment rates. Changes to these rates might result in material changes in the valuation and determination of the recoverability of Goodwill. For example, an increase in the rate used to discount cash flows will decrease the discounted cash value. There is likely to be a similar, but not necessarily as large as, increase in the investment rate used to project the cash flows resulting from investment income earned on the Company’s investments. Accordingly, an increase in the investment rate would increase the discounted cash value. Pension Benefit Obligations The process of estimating the Company’s pension benefit obligations and pension benefit costs is inherently uncertain and the actual cost of benefits may vary materially from the estimates recorded. These liabilities are particularly volatile due to their long-term nature and are based on several assumptions. The main assumptions used in the valuation of the Company’s pension benefit obligations and pension costs are: • Estimated mortality of the participants and beneficiaries eligible for benefits; • Estimated expected long-term rates of returns on investments; • Estimated compensation increases; • Estimated employee turnover; and • Estimated rate used to discount the expected benefit payment to a present value. A change in any one or more of these assumptions is likely to result in a projected benefit obligation or pension cost that differs from the actuarial estimates at December 31, 2015. Such changes in estimates may be material. For example, a one–percentage point decrease in the Company’s estimated discount rate would increase the pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2015 by $90.5 million, while a one–percentage point increase in the rate would decrease the pension benefit obligation at December 31, 2015 by $72.5 million. A one–percentage point decrease in the Company’s estimated long-term rate of return on plan assets would increase the pension expense for the year ended December 31, 2015 by $5.2 million, while a one–percentage point increase in the rate would decrease pension expense by $5.2 million for the same period. RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS Except for rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under authority of federal securities laws and a limited number of grandfathered standards, the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) is the sole source of authoritative GAAP recognized by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) that is applicable to the Company. The FASB issues Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) to amend the authoritative literature in ASC. All recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to January 1, 2016 have been adopted by the Company. The Company also early adopted ASU 2015-01, Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items, ASU 2015-03, Interest —Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs, and ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. See Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes” for discussion on adoption of these ASUs and impacts to the Company’s financial statements, which were not material. With the possible exceptions of ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which the Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption, and the additional disclosure requirements of ASU 2015-09, Financial Services— Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts, the Company does not expect the adoption of all other recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates after December 31, 2015 to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. All other recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates after December 31, 2015 are not expected to have a material impact on the Company. 61 Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk. Quantitative Information About Market Risk The Company’s consolidated balance sheets include four types of financial instruments subject to the material market risk disclosures required by the SEC: Investments in Fixed Maturities; 1. 2. Investments in Equity Securities; 3. Fair Value Option Investments; and 4. Debt. Investments in Fixed Maturities and Debt are subject to material interest rate risk. The Company’s Investments in Equity Securities include common and preferred stocks and, accordingly, are subject to material equity price risk and interest rate risk, respectively. The Company’s Fair Value Option Investments include hedge funds that are subject to material equity price risk. For purposes of this disclosure, market risk sensitive financial instruments are divided into two categories: financial instruments acquired for trading purposes and financial instruments acquired for purposes other than trading. The Company’s market risk sensitive financial instruments are generally classified as held for purposes other than trading. The Company has no significant holdings of financial instruments acquired for trading purposes. The Company has no significant holdings of derivatives. The Company measures its sensitivity to market risk by evaluating the change in its financial assets and liabilities relative to fluctuations in interest rates and equity prices. The evaluation is made using instantaneous changes in interest rates and equity prices on a static balance sheet to determine the effect such changes would have on the Company’s market value at risk and the resulting pre-tax effect on Shareholders’ Equity. The changes chosen represent the Company’s view of adverse changes which are reasonably possible over a one-year period. The selection of the changes chosen should not be construed as the Company’s prediction of future market events, but rather an illustration of the impact of such possible events. For the interest rate sensitivity analysis presented below, the Company assumed an adverse and instantaneous increase of 100 basis points in the yield curve at both December 31, 2015 and 2014 for Investments in Fixed Maturities. Such 100 basis point increase in the yield curve may not necessarily result in a corresponding 100 basis point increase in the interest rate for all investments in fixed maturities. For example, a 100 basis point increase in the yield curve for risk-free, taxable investments in fixed maturities may not result in a 100 basis point increase for tax-exempt investments in fixed maturities. For Investments in Fixed Maturities, the Company also anticipated changes in cash flows due to changes in the likelihood that investments would be called or prepaid prior to their contractual maturity. All other variables were held constant. For preferred stock equity securities, the Company assumed an adverse and instantaneous increase of 100 basis points in market interest rates from their levels at both December 31, 2015 and 2014. All other variables were held constant. For Debt, the Company assumed an adverse and instantaneous decrease of 100 basis points in market interest rates from their levels at December 31, 2015 and 2014. All other variables were held constant. The Company measured equity price sensitivity assuming an adverse and instantaneous 30% decrease in the Standard and Poor’s Stock Index (the “S&P 500”) from its level at December 31, 2015 and 2014, with all other variables held constant. The Company’s investments in common stock equity securities were correlated with the S&P 500 using the portfolio’s weighted-average beta of 0.99 and 1.00 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Beta measures a stock’s relative volatility in relation to the rest of the stock market, with the S&P 500 having a beta coefficient of 1.00. The common stock portfolio’s weighted-average beta was calculated using each security’s beta for the five-year periods ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, and weighted on the fair value of such securities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For equity securities without observable market inputs, the Company assumed a beta of 1.00 at December 31, 2015 and 2014. The Company’s Fair Value Option Investments were correlated with the S&P 500 using such portfolio’s weighted-average beta of 0.14 and 0.16 at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which was calculated for each hedge fund in the portfolio and weighted on the respective fair value of each of the hedge funds. 62 Quantitative Information About Market Risk (Continued) The estimated adverse effects on the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2015 using these assumptions were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS ASSETS Investments in Fixed Maturities................................................................. Investments in Equity Securities................................................................ Fair Value Option Investments................................................................... LIABILITIES Debt............................................................................................................ $ Fair Value $ 4,852.3 523.2 164.5 Pro Forma Increase (Decrease) Interest Rate Risk Equity Price Risk Total Market Risk $ (307.6) $ (7.2) — — $ (126.0) (6.7) (307.6) (133.2) (6.7) 781.3 $ 33.0 $ — $ 33.0 The estimated adverse effects on the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2014 using these assumptions were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS ASSETS Investments in Fixed Maturities................................................................. Investments in Equity Securities................................................................ Fair Value Option Investments................................................................... LIABILITIES Debt............................................................................................................ Pro Forma Increase (Decrease) Fair Value Interest Rate Risk Equity Price Risk Total Market Risk $ $ 4,777.6 632.2 53.3 (317.5) $ (9.1) — — $ (153.4) (2.6) (317.5) (162.5) (2.6) $ 804.4 $ 22.8 $ — $ 22.8 The market risk sensitivity analysis assumes that the composition of the Company’s interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities, including, but not limited to, credit quality, and the equity price sensitive assets existing at the beginning of the period remains constant over the period being measured. It also assumes that a particular change in interest rates is uniform across the yield curve regardless of the time to maturity. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market interest rates. Also, any future correlation, either in the near term or the long term, between the Company’s common stock equity securities and fair value option portfolios and the S&P 500 may differ from the historical correlation as represented by the weighted-average historical beta of the common stock equity securities and fair value option portfolios. Accordingly, the market risk sensitivity analysis may not be indicative of, is not intended to provide, and does not provide, a precise forecast of the effect of changes of market rates on the Company’s income or shareholders’ equity. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Company may undertake in response to changes in interest rates or equity prices. To the extent that any adverse 100 basis point change occurs in increments over a period of time instead of instantaneously, the adverse impact on fair values would be partially mitigated because some of the underlying financial instruments would have matured. For example, proceeds from any maturing assets could be reinvested and any new liabilities would be incurred at the then current interest rates. Qualitative Information About Market Risk Market risk is a broad term related to economic losses due to adverse changes in the fair value of a financial instrument and is inherent to all financial instruments. SEC disclosure rules focus on only one element of market risk—price risk. Price risk relates to changes in the level of prices due to changes in interest rates, equity prices, foreign exchange rates or other factors that relate to market volatility of the rate, index, or price underlying the financial instrument. The Company’s primary market risk exposures are to changes in interest rates and equity prices. The Company manages its interest rate exposures with respect to Investments in Fixed Maturities by investing primarily in investment-grade securities of moderate effective duration. 63 Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements of Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 ........................................................................................... Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.......................................... Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.... Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013................................... Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013.................... Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Significant Estimates............................................................................................ Note 2—Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes.......................................................................... Note 3—Acquisition of Business ................................................................................................................................. Note 4—Investments .................................................................................................................................................... Note 5—Goodwill ........................................................................................................................................................ Note 6—Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves .................................................................................................... Note 7—Debt................................................................................................................................................................ Note 8—Leases............................................................................................................................................................. Note 9—Shareholders’ Equity...................................................................................................................................... Note 10—Long-term Equity-based Compensation ...................................................................................................... Note 11—Income from Continuing Operations per Unrestricted Share ...................................................................... Note 12—Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income............................ Note 13—Income from Investments ............................................................................................................................ Note 14—Insurance Expenses...................................................................................................................................... Note 15—Income Taxes ............................................................................................................................................... Note 16—Pension Benefits........................................................................................................................................... 65 66 67 68 69 70 70 75 77 82 83 84 86 86 87 92 93 94 96 96 99 Note 17—Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions ............................................................................................. 104 Note 18—Business Segments....................................................................................................................................... 105 Note 19—Discontinued Operations.............................................................................................................................. 108 Note 20—Catastrophe Reinsurance.............................................................................................................................. 108 Note 21—Other Reinsurance........................................................................................................................................ 111 Note 22—Fair Value Measurements............................................................................................................................. 112 Note 23—Contingencies............................................................................................................................................... 116 Note 24—Related Parties ............................................................................................................................................. 119 Note 25—Quarterly Financial Information (Unaudited).............................................................................................. 120 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm................................................................................................ 122 64 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Balance Sheets DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS Assets: Investments: Fixed Maturities at Fair Value (Amortized Cost: 2015 - $4,560.7; 2014 - $4,341.7)................ $ Equity Securities at Fair Value (Cost: 2015 - $486.9; 2014 - $561.5)....................................... Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at Cost Plus Cumulative Undistributed Earnings.................................................................................................................................. Fair Value Option Investments................................................................................................... Short-term Investments at Cost which Approximates Fair Value.............................................. Other Investments ...................................................................................................................... Total Investments............................................................................................................................ Cash ................................................................................................................................................ Receivables from Policyholders ..................................................................................................... Other Receivables........................................................................................................................... Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs.................................................................................................. Goodwill ......................................................................................................................................... Current and Deferred Income Tax Assets....................................................................................... Other Assets.................................................................................................................................... Total Assets..................................................................................................................................... $ Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity: Insurance Reserves: Life and Health .......................................................................................................................... $ Property and Casualty ................................................................................................................ Total Insurance Reserves................................................................................................................ Unearned Premiums........................................................................................................................ Liabilities for Income Taxes........................................................................................................... Debt at Amortized Cost (Fair Value: 2015 - $781.3; 2014 - $804.4)............................................. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities......................................................................................... Total Liabilities............................................................................................................................... Shareholders’ Equity: Common Stock, $0.10 Par Value Per Share, 100 Million Shares Authorized; 51,326,751 Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 52,418,246 Shares Issued and Outstanding at December 31, 2014 ........................................................................................ Paid-in Capital ........................................................................................................................... Retained Earnings ...................................................................................................................... Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ............................................................................. Total Shareholders’ Equity.............................................................................................................. Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity...................................................................................... $ December 31, 2015 2014 $ 4,852.3 523.2 190.6 164.5 255.7 443.2 6,429.5 161.7 332.4 193.2 316.4 323.0 41.4 238.5 8,036.1 $ 3,341.0 $ 862.8 4,203.8 613.1 3.8 750.6 472.4 6,043.7 5.1 654.0 1,209.0 124.3 1,992.4 8,036.1 $ 4,777.6 632.2 184.8 53.3 342.2 449.6 6,439.7 76.1 295.3 187.0 303.3 311.8 — 220.2 7,833.4 3,273.7 733.9 4,007.6 536.9 36.5 752.1 409.6 5,742.7 5.2 660.1 1,202.7 222.7 2,090.7 7,833.4 The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements. 65 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Income DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS Revenues: Earned Premiums.............................................................................................................. Net Investment Income..................................................................................................... Other Income .................................................................................................................... Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments .................................................................... Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses: Total Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses............................................................ Portion of Losses Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings.............................................................. Total Revenues ...................................................................................................................... Expenses: Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses................. Insurance Expenses........................................................................................................... Write-off of Long-lived Assets......................................................................................... Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt......................................................................... Interest and Other Expenses ............................................................................................. Total Expenses....................................................................................................................... Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes .................................................. Income Tax Expense.............................................................................................................. Income from Continuing Operations..................................................................................... Income from Discontinued Operations ................................................................................. Net Income ............................................................................................................................ Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ................................................................................................................................. Diluted .............................................................................................................................. Net Income Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ................................................................................................................................. Diluted .............................................................................................................................. Dividends Paid to Shareholders Per Share ............................................................................ For The Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 $ 2,009.6 302.6 3.7 52.1 $ 1,862.2 309.1 1.4 39.1 $ 2,025.8 314.7 0.8 99.1 (27.4) 0.2 (27.2) 2,340.8 (15.2) — (15.2) 2,196.6 (15.8) 1.9 (13.9) 2,426.5 1,467.6 1,261.7 1,357.2 645.1 11.1 9.1 107.6 2,240.5 100.3 (20.1) 80.2 5.5 85.7 1.55 1.55 1.65 1.65 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 628.4 54.6 — 91.7 2,036.4 160.2 (47.6) 112.6 1.9 114.5 2.08 2.08 2.12 2.12 0.96 654.4 — — 100.5 2,112.1 314.4 (99.9) 214.5 3.2 217.7 3.75 3.74 3.81 3.80 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements. 66 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Net Income ............................................................................................................................ $ 2015 85.7 $ 2014 114.5 2013 217.7 $ For The Years Ended December 31, Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes: Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) .................................................................................... Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments ........................................................................ Decrease (Increase) in Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs............................ Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes................................................. Other Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit (Expense).......................................................... Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).................................................................................... Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)..................................................................................... $ (177.3) (1.4) 26.1 (152.6) 54.2 (98.4) (12.7) $ 234.6 (1.0) (98.5) 135.1 (47.7) 87.4 201.9 $ (362.8) 0.2 86.6 (276.0) 98.6 (177.4) 40.3 The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements. 67 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Operating Activities: For The Years Ended December 31, 2015 2014 2013 Net Income ...................................................................................................................... $ 85.7 $ 114.5 $ 217.7 Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: Decrease (Increase) in Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs.............................................. Amortization of Intangible Assets Acquired................................................................... Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments............................. Distribution of Accumulated Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ................................................................................................................ Decrease (Increase) in Value of Fair Value Option Investments reported in Investment Income........................................................................................................................ Amortization of Investment Securities and Depreciation of Investment Real Estate ..... Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments................................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings............................................................. Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt........................................................................ Depreciation of Property and Equipment ........................................................................ Write-offs of Long-lived Assets...................................................................................... Decrease in Other Receivables........................................................................................ Increase (Decrease) in Insurance Reserves ..................................................................... Decrease in Unearned Premiums..................................................................................... Change in Income Taxes.................................................................................................. Increase (Decrease) in Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities..................................... Other, Net ........................................................................................................................ Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities .............................................................................. Investing Activities: Sales, Paydowns and Maturities of Fixed Maturities ........................................................... Purchases of Fixed Maturities .............................................................................................. Sales of Equity Securities..................................................................................................... Purchases of Equity Securities ............................................................................................. Acquisition and Improvements of Investment Real Estate .................................................. Sales of Investment Real Estate ........................................................................................... Sales of and Return of Investment of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ......... Acquisitions of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ........................................... Sales of Fair Value Option Investments............................................................................... Purchases of Fair Value Option Investments........................................................................ Decrease (Increase) in Short-term Investments ................................................................... Acquisition of Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired................................................................ Disposition of Business, Net of Cash Disposed................................................................... Increase in Other Investments .............................................................................................. Purchase of Corporate-owned Life Insurance ...................................................................... Acquisition of Software ....................................................................................................... Other, Net ............................................................................................................................. Net Cash Provided (Used) by Investing Activities ................................................................... Financing Activities: Net Proceeds from Issuances of Debt .................................................................................. Repayments of Debt ............................................................................................................. Common Stock Repurchases................................................................................................ Dividends and Dividend Equivalents Paid........................................................................... Cash Exercise of Stock Options ........................................................................................... Other, Net ............................................................................................................................. Net Cash Used by Financing Activities .................................................................................... Increase (Decrease) in Cash ...................................................................................................... Cash, Beginning of Year ........................................................................................................... Cash, End of Year...................................................................................................................... $ (13.1) 15.4 (19.0) (0.4) 7.2 (9.0) 0.5 8.3 (26.4) 8.6 21.7 15.4 (0.3) 16.1 (52.1) 27.2 9.1 13.5 11.1 49.6 39.6 (9.4) (21.8) 22.6 32.2 215.0 627.8 (681.3) 238.4 (134.0) (1.8) 7.7 32.9 (32.4) — (111.0) 104.9 (57.6) — (3.2) (7.5) (8.9) (2.6) (28.6) 345.8 (357.3) (45.0) (49.7) 3.9 1.5 (100.8) 85.6 76.1 161.7 $ 0.7 15.4 (39.1) 15.2 — 16.0 54.6 46.2 (54.7) (62.0) 11.2 (20.3) 16.4 133.6 573.7 (553.0) 245.3 (235.2) (2.1) 0.9 55.2 (21.4) 6.9 (60.9) (63.9) — 8.9 (8.0) (33.5) (11.3) (5.9) (104.3) 144.0 — (114.0) (51.8) 0.5 1.6 (19.7) 9.6 66.5 76.1 $ — 16.2 (99.1) 13.9 — 17.4 — 43.5 (72.5) (52.0) 57.9 (54.8) 36.1 122.1 664.4 (744.5) 182.1 (213.4) (5.4) 102.7 31.3 (20.5) — — 41.8 — 3.8 (9.1) — (15.2) (13.2) 4.8 — (5.5) (100.4) (54.9) 1.7 2.4 (156.7) (29.8) 96.3 66.5 The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements. 68 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity DOLLARS AND SHARES IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2012 ........................ Net Income ................................................................. Other Comprehensive Loss (Note 12)........................ Cash Dividends to Shareholders ($0.96 per share) .... Repurchases of Common Stock ................................. Equity-based Compensation Cost (Note 10) .............. Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged (Note 10)............................................................... BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2013 ........................ Net Income ................................................................. Other Comprehensive Income (Note 12) ................... Cash Dividends to Shareholders ($0.96 per share) .... Repurchases of Common Stock ................................. Equity-based Compensation Cost (Note 10) .............. Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged (Note 10)............................................................... BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2014 ........................ Net Income ................................................................. Other Comprehensive Loss (Note 12)........................ Cash Dividends and Dividend Equivalents to Shareholders ($0.96 per share)............................. Repurchases of Common Stock ................................. Equity-based Compensation Cost (Note 10) .............. Equity-based Awards, Net of Shares Exchanged (Note 10)............................................................... BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2015 ........................ For The Years Ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 Number of Shares 58.5 — — — (3.0) — 0.2 55.7 — — — (3.2) — (0.1) 52.4 — — — (1.2) — Common Stock $ $ $ 5.8 — — — (0.2) — — 5.6 — — — (0.4) — — 5.2 — — — (0.1) — Paid-in Capital 725.0 $ — — — (36.8) Retained Earnings $ 1,118.2 217.7 — (54.9) (63.4) 5.5 — $ $ 1.1 694.8 — — — (40.2) 6.4 (0.9) 660.1 — — — (15.5) 6.5 (1.8) $ 1,215.8 114.5 — (51.8) (74.9) — (0.9) $ 1,202.7 85.7 — (49.7) (27.9) — Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Total Shareholders’ Equity $ $ $ $ $ $ 312.7 — (177.4) — — — — 135.3 — 87.4 — — — — 222.7 — (98.4) — — — 2,161.7 217.7 (177.4) (54.9) (100.4) 5.5 (0.7) 2,051.5 114.5 87.4 (51.8) (115.5) 6.4 (1.8) 2,090.7 85.7 (98.4) (49.7) (43.5) 6.5 0.1 51.3 $ — 5.1 2.9 654.0 (1.8) $ 1,209.0 $ $ — 124.3 $ 1.1 1,992.4 The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these financial statements. 69 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES The Consolidated Financial Statements included herein have been prepared on the basis of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Kemper Corporation (“Kemper”) and its subsidiaries (individually and collectively referred to herein as the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates and assumptions. The fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities, Investments in Equity Securities, Fair Value Option Investments, Short-term Investments, Trading Securities and Debt are estimated using a hierarchal framework which prioritizes and ranks market price observability. The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for Cash, Short-term Investments and certain other assets and other liabilities because of their short-term nature. The actual value at which financial instruments could actually be sold or settled with a willing buyer or seller may differ from estimated fair values depending on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, current and future economic conditions, the quantity sold or settled, the presence of an active market and the availability of a willing buyer or seller. The process of estimating and establishing reserves for losses and LAE for property and casualty insurance is inherently uncertain, and the actual ultimate net cost of known and unknown claims may vary materially from the estimated amounts reserved. The reserving process is particularly imprecise for claims involving long-tailed exposures, which may not be discovered or reported until years after the insurance policy period has ended. Management considers a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, past claims experience, current claim trends and relevant legal, economic and social conditions, in estimating reserves. A change in any one or more factors is likely to result in the ultimate net claim costs to differ from the estimated reserve. Changes in such estimates may be material and would be recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements when such estimates change. The process of determining whether an asset is impaired or recoverable relies on projections of future cash flows, operating results and market conditions. Projections are inherently uncertain, and, accordingly, actual future cash flows may differ materially from projected cash flows. As a result, the Company’s assessment of the impairment of long-lived assets is susceptible to the risk inherent in making such projections. NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES Investments Investments in Fixed Maturities include bonds, notes and redeemable preferred stocks. Investments in Fixed Maturities are classified as available for sale and reported at fair value. Net Investment Income, including amortization of purchased premiums and accretion of market discounts, on Investments in Fixed Maturities is recognized as interest over the period that it is earned using the effective yield method. Investments in Equity Securities include common and non-redeemable preferred stocks and other equity interests and are reported at fair value. Investments in common and non-redeemable preferred stocks with readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale. Dividend income on investments in common and non-redeemable preferred stocks is recognized on the ex-dividend date. Other equity interests primarily consist of exchange traded funds and interests in limited liability companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. The Company’s share of distributed earnings from other equity interests is recognized as dividend income when received. Unrealized appreciation or depreciation, net of applicable deferred income taxes, on fixed maturities and equity securities classified as available for sale is reported in AOCI included in Shareholders’ Equity. 70 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES (Continued) Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Fair Value Option Investments include investments in certain hedge funds, which the Company has elected the fair value option (“FVO”) to account for such investments. Under the FVO method of accounting, the Company reports changes in the fair value of such investments in Net Investment Income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The hedge funds are designed to preserve liquidity, while providing higher returns than Kemper would otherwise expect to earn had it invested in other short- term investments. Short-term Investments include fixed maturities that mature within one year from the date of purchase, U.S. Treasury bills, money market mutual funds and repurchase agreements. Short-term Investments are reported at cost, which approximates fair value. Other Investments primarily include loans to policyholders and real estate. Loans to policyholders are carried at unpaid principal balance. Real estate is carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Real estate is depreciated over the estimated useful life of the asset using the straight-line method of depreciation. Real estate is evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. An impairment loss on real estate is recognized when the carrying value exceeds the sum of undiscounted projected future cash flows as well as the fair value, or, in the case of a property classified as held for sale, when the carrying value exceeds the fair value, net of costs to sell. Gains and losses on sales of investments are computed on the specific identification method and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period in which the sales occur. The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value of an investment is other than temporary. Losses are computed on the specific identification method and reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period that the decline is determined to be other than temporary. The portion of an impairment of an investment in a fixed maturity attributed to a credit loss is reported in Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings in the Consolidated Statements of Income, with the portion of the impairment that is not attributed to a credit loss reported in AOCI. Fair Value Measurements The Company uses a hierarchal framework which prioritizes and ranks the market observability of inputs used in fair value measurements. Market price observability is affected by a number of factors, including the type of asset or liability and the characteristics specific to the asset or liability being measured. Assets and liabilities with readily available, active, quoted market prices or for which fair value can be measured from actively quoted prices generally are deemed to have a higher degree of market price observability and a lesser degree of judgment used in measuring fair value. The Company classifies the inputs used to measure fair value into one of three levels as follows: • Level 1 — Quoted prices in an active market for identical assets or liabilities; • Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, and model-derived prices whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable; and • Level 3 — Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability being measured. Observable inputs are based on market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs are based on the Company’s market assumptions. Unobservable inputs require significant management judgment or estimation. In some cases, the inputs used to measure an asset or liability may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In those cases, the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level of input that is significant to the entire measurement. Such determination requires significant management judgment. However, in accordance with GAAP, the Company is not permitted to use management judgment to adjust quoted market prices in an active market. Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs Costs directly associated with the successful acquisition of business, principally commissions and certain premium taxes and policy issuance costs, are deferred. Costs deferred on property and casualty insurance contracts and short duration health insurance contracts are amortized over the period in which premiums are earned. Costs deferred on traditional life insurance products and other long-duration insurance contracts are primarily amortized over the anticipated premium-paying period of the 71 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES (Continued) related policies in proportion to the ratio of the annual premiums to the total premiums anticipated, which is estimated using the same assumptions used in calculating policy reserves. Goodwill The cost of an acquired entity over the fair value of net assets acquired is reported as Goodwill. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested annually for recoverability or when certain triggering events require testing. Insurance Reserves Reserves for losses and LAE on property and casualty insurance coverage and health insurance coverage represent the estimated claim cost and loss adjustment expense necessary to cover the ultimate net cost of investigating and settling all losses incurred and unpaid. Such estimates are based on individual case estimates for reported claims and estimates for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) losses. These estimates are adjusted in the aggregate for ultimate loss expectations based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends, with any change in the estimated ultimate liabilities being reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period of change. Changes in such estimates may be material. For traditional life insurance products, the reserves for future policy benefits are estimated on the net level premium method using assumptions as of the issue date for mortality, interest, policy lapses and expenses, including provisions for adverse mortality. These assumptions vary by such characteristics as plan, age at issue and policy duration. Mortality assumptions are based on the Company’s historical experience and industry standards. Interest rate assumptions principally range from 3% to 7%. Lapse rate assumptions are based on actual and industry experience. Insurance Reserves for life insurance products also includes an estimate of the Company’s liability for unpaid life insurance claims and claims adjustment expenses, which includes an estimate for IBNR life insurance claims. Except when required by applicable law, the Company does not utilize a database of reported deaths maintained by the Social Security Administration or a comparable database in its operations, including to determine its IBNR liability for life insurance products. Instead of using such a database, the Company calculates its IBNR liability for life insurance products using Company-specific historical information, which includes analyzing average paid claims and the average lag between date of death and the date reported to the Company for claims that due proof of death has been provided. Other Receivables Other Receivables primarily include reinsurance recoverables and accrued investment income. Other Assets Other Assets primarily include property and equipment, internal use software, insurance licenses acquired in business combinations, the value of other intangible assets acquired, corporate-owned life insurance and prepaid expenses. Property and equipment is depreciated over the useful lives of the assets, generally using the straight-line or double declining balance methods of depreciation depending on the asset involved. Internal use software is amortized over the useful life of the asset using the straight-line method of amortization. Write-offs of Long-lived Assets for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a charge of $11.1 million to write off the costs of a computer software development project that was abandoned by the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment. Write-offs of Long-lived Assets for the year ended December 31, 2014 was a charge of $54.6 million to write off certain software for the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment after the Company determined that it was no longer probable that the software would be fully implemented. Insurance licenses acquired in business combinations and other indefinite life intangibles are not amortized, but rather tested periodically for recoverability. Insurance Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2013 includes a charge of $1.4 million to write down the value of insurance licenses acquired for one of Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries to its estimated fair value. Corporate-owned life insurance is reported at cash surrender value with changes due to cost of insurance and investment experience reported in Other Income in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company accounts for the present value of the future profits embedded in life insurance in force acquired (“Life VIF”) based on actuarial estimates of the present value of estimated net cash flows. Life VIF was $32.5 million and $36.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Life VIF is amortized using the effective interest method using interest rates 72 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES (Continued) consistent with the rates in the underlying insurance contracts. The Company estimates that it will record Life VIF amortization, net of interest, of $3.4 million in 2016, $3.2 million in 2017, $2.8 million in 2018, $2.4 million in 2019 and $2.0 million in 2020. The Company evaluates the Life VIF for recoverability annually. The Company accounts for the present value of the future profits embedded in Property and Casualty Insurance Customer Relationships Acquired (“P&C Customer Relationships”) based on the present value of estimated future cash flows from the customer relationships acquired. P&C Customer Relationships was $11.2 million and $13.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. P&C Customer Relationships is amortized using the effective interest method. P&C Customer Relationships is tested for recoverability using undiscounted projections of future cash flows and written down to estimated fair value if the carrying value exceeds the sum of such projections of undiscounted cash flows. The Company accounts for the present value of the future profits embedded in Property and Casualty Insurance Broker Relationships Acquired (“P&C Broker Relationships”) based on the present value of estimated future cash flows from the broker relationships acquired. P&C Broker Relationships was $18.1 million at December 31, 2015. P&C Broker Relationships is amortized on a straight-line basis over 15 years. P&C Broker Relationships is tested for recoverability using undiscounted projections of future cash flows and written down to estimated fair value if the carrying value exceeds the sum of such projections of undiscounted cash flows. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities primarily include accrued salaries and commissions, pension benefits, postretirement medical benefits and accrued taxes, licenses and fees. Recognition of Earned Premiums and Related Expenses Property and casualty insurance and short duration health insurance premiums are deferred when written and recognized and earned ratably over the periods to which the premiums relate. Unearned Premiums represent the portion of the premiums written related to the unexpired portion of policies in force which has been deferred and is reported as a liability. The Company performs a premium deficiency analysis typically at a product line level, namely automobile insurance, homeowners insurance and other insurance, which is consistent with the manner in which the Company acquires and services policies and measures profitability. Anticipated investment income is excluded from such analysis. A premium deficiency is recognized when the sum of expected claim costs, claim adjustment expenses, unamortized deferred policy acquisition costs and maintenance costs exceeds the related unearned premiums by first reducing related deferred policy acquisition costs to an amount, but not below zero, at which the premium deficiency would not exist. If a premium deficiency remains after first reducing deferred policy acquisition costs, a premium deficiency reserve is established and reported as a liability in the Company’s financial statements. The Company determined that a premium deficiency existed at December 31, 2015 with respect to Alliance United’s automobile insurance and recorded a charge of $9.0 million to reduce related deferred policy acquisition costs to the level at which the premium deficiency did not exist. Traditional life insurance premiums are recognized as revenue when due. Policyholders’ benefits are associated with related premiums to result in recognition of profits over the periods for which the benefits are provided using the net level premium method. Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses include provisions for future policy benefits under life and certain accident and health insurance contracts and provisions for reported claims, estimates for claims incurred but not reported and loss adjustment expenses. Benefit payments in excess of policy account balances are expensed. Reinsurance In the normal course of business, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries reinsure certain risks above certain retention levels with other insurance enterprises. These reinsurance agreements do not relieve Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries of their legal obligations to the policyholder. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are included in Other Receivables. Gains related to long-duration reinsurance contracts are deferred and amortized over the life of the underlying reinsured policies. Losses related to long-duration reinsurance contracts are recognized immediately. Any gain or loss associated with reinsurance agreements for which Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries have been legally relieved of their obligations to the policyholder is recognized in the period of relief. 73 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES (Continued) Income Taxes Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is maintained for the portion of deferred income tax assets that the Company does not expect to recover. Increases in the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets are recognized as income tax expense. Decreases in the valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets are recognized as income tax benefit. The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period in which the change is enacted. The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken, or expected to be taken, in an income tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Adoption of New Accounting Standards In January 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2015-01, Income Statement—Extraordinary and Unusual Items (Subtopic 225-20): Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items. The Company adopted ASU 2015-01 in the first quarter of 2015 and applied its provisions retrospectively. The retrospective application had no impact on the Company’s previously issued financial statements. In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-02, Consolidation (Topic 810): Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis. The amendments in ASU 2015-02 affect reporting entities that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. All legal entities are subject to reevaluation under the revised consolidation model. Specifically, the amendments modify the evaluation of whether limited partnerships and similar legal entities are variable interest entities (“VIEs”) or voting interest entities while also eliminating the presumption that a general partner should consolidate a limited partnership. ASU 2015-02 may also affect the consolidation analysis of reporting entities that are involved with VIEs, particularly those that have fee arrangements and related party relationships. ASU 2015-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015 and interim periods within those years with early adoption being permissible. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this guidance on its financial statements. In April 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-03, Interest—Imputation of Interest (Subtopic 835-30): Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs. ASU 2015-03 simplifies the presentation of debt issuance costs by requiring that they be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by ASU 2015-03. The Company adopted ASU 2015-03 in the first quarter of 2015 and applied its provisions retrospectively. The retrospective application had no impact on the Company’s previously issued financial statements. In May 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-09, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts. ASU 2015-09 requires insurers to provide additional disclosures about short-duration insurance contracts, focusing particularly on the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses. Insurers will be required to disclose tables showing incurred and paid claims development information by accident year for the number of years that claims typically remain outstanding, although not to exceed ten years, as well as a reconciliation of this information to the balance sheet. Additional disclosures will also be required on the total of incurred-but-not-reported liabilities plus expected development on reported claims, reserving methodologies, quantitative information about claim frequency, qualitative description of methodologies used for determining claim frequency and average annual percentage payout of incurred claims by age. ASU 2015-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 31, 2015 and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Except for the retrospective application of additional disclosure requirements, adoption of ASU 2015-09 will not impact the Company’s financial statements. In September 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments. ASU 2015-16 simplifies the accounting for measurement-period adjustments in a business combination by requiring the acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The effect on earnings as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed as of the acquisition date, must be 74 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ACCOUNTING CHANGES (Continued) recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined rather than retrospectively. The effects, by line item, if any, must be disclosed. The Company prospectively adopted ASU 2015-16 in the third quarter of 2015. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. The amendments in this ASU address certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. Most significantly, the ASU requires equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. However, an entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The ASU also simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring a qualitative assessment to identify impairment. When a qualitative assessment indicates that impairment exists, an entity is required to measure the investment at fair value. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company currently records its Investments in Equity Securities at fair value with net unrealized appreciation or depreciation reported in AOCI in Shareholders’ Equity. Adoption of this ASU will require the changes in fair value on Investments in Equity Securities with readily determinable fair values to be recorded in net income. For those Investments in Equity Securities that do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company may choose either of the methods noted earlier in this paragraph. The Company will not be able to determine the cumulative-effect adjustment to its balance sheet until the ASU is adopted and elections on Investments in Equity Securities that do not have readily determinable fair values are made. Subsequent to adoption, the ASU is expected to cause increased volatility in the Company’s statement of income. All recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates prior to January 1, 2016 have been adopted by the Company. There were no adoptions of such accounting pronouncements in 2015 that had a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The impacts of adoption of ASU 2015-09, Financial Services—Insurance (Topic 944): Disclosures about Short-Duration Contracts, and ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, are discussed above. The Company does not expect the adoption of all other recently issued accounting pronouncements with effective dates after December 31, 2015 to have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. NOTE 3. ACQUISITION OF BUSINESS On April 30, 2015, Kemper acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of Alliance United Group and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Alliance United Insurance Company and Alliance United Insurance Services, (individually and collectively referred to herein as “Alliance United”) in a cash transaction for a total purchase price of $71.0 million, of which $17.5 million is being held in escrow to secure the sellers’ potential indemnification obligations under the purchase agreement. After completing the transaction, Kemper contributed $75.0 million to support the book of business acquired and commuted a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Alliance United ceded a portion of its business to an unaffiliated reinsurer. The results of Alliance United are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition and are reported in the Company’s Property & Casualty Insurance segment. Alliance United is a provider of nonstandard personal automobile insurance in California. As a result of the acquisition, the Company increased its presence in the California nonstandard automobile insurance market by gaining access to additional brokers and gained expertise in serving the Hispanic market. 75 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 3. ACQUISITION OF BUSINESS (Continued) The Company has completed the allocation of the purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The final allocation of the purchase price to the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Investments.................................................................................................................................................................. $ Cash ............................................................................................................................................................................. Receivables from Policyholders .................................................................................................................................. Other Receivables........................................................................................................................................................ Value of Intangible Assets Acquired (Reported in Other Assets)................................................................................ Goodwill ...................................................................................................................................................................... Current Income Taxes.................................................................................................................................................. Other Assets................................................................................................................................................................. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves.................................................................................................................. Unearned Premiums .................................................................................................................................................... Liabilities for Income Taxes........................................................................................................................................ Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities ..................................................................................................................... Total Purchase Price .................................................................................................................................................... $ 187.0 13.4 44.4 52.8 32.6 11.2 1.4 5.9 (155.8) (85.6) (1.5) (34.8) 71.0 Under the purchase agreement, the Company is indemnified up to $12.5 million on an after-tax basis for, among other things, breaches of customary representations and warranties, loss and LAE reserve development and pre-closing income taxes. In addition, the Company is indemnified, up to $5.0 million on an after-tax basis, for certain employment related matters. Other Receivables in the preceding table include an indemnification receivable of $5.4 million. Other Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015 include an indemnification receivable of $15.9 million. The carrying amount, net of accumulated amortization, of the intangible assets acquired by class at December 31, 2015 and the acquisition date are presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS P & C Broker Relationships .................................................................................................................. Value of In Force Policies...................................................................................................................... Other ...................................................................................................................................................... Value of Intangible Assets Acquired...................................................................................................... $ $ Dec 31, 2015 At Acquisition Date 18.1 $ 18.9 0.2 3.7 9.2 4.5 22.0 $ 32.6 P & C Broker Relationships are being amortized over 15 years on a straight-line basis. Value of In Force Policies (“P & C VIF”) is being amortized pro ratably as premiums are earned over the remaining terms of the underlying policies. Other intangible assets acquired are generally being amortized on a straight-line basis over 2 years to 5 years. 76 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2015 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities .......................... States and Political Subdivisions ....................................................................... Corporate Securities: Bonds and Notes ........................................................................................... Redeemable Preferred Stocks ....................................................................... Collateralized Loan Obligations ................................................................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed............................................................... Investments in Fixed Maturities......................................................................... Amortized Cost 298.0 1,513.7 $ 2,651.5 3.7 90.0 3.8 $ 4,560.7 Gross Unrealized Gains Losses $ $ 26.2 111.6 Fair Value 320.6 1,622.6 (3.6) $ (2.7) 202.0 0.1 0.3 1.4 341.6 $ (40.7) — (3.0) — 2,812.8 3.8 87.3 5.2 (50.0) $ 4,852.3 $ Included in the fair value of Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed investments at December 31, 2015 are $3.8 million of collateralized debt obligations, $1.3 million of non-governmental residential mortgage-backed securities and $0.1 million of other asset-backed securities. The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities .......................... States and Political Subdivisions ....................................................................... Corporate Securities: Amortized Cost 315.2 1,352.5 $ Gross Unrealized Gains Losses $ $ 32.3 126.4 Fair Value 345.5 1,477.1 (2.0) $ (1.8) Bonds and Notes ........................................................................................... Redeemable Preferred Stocks ....................................................................... Collateralized Loan Obligations ................................................................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed............................................................... 2,599.3 5.9 64.9 3.9 Investments in Fixed Maturities......................................................................... $ 4,341.7 $ 294.3 0.8 0.3 1.5 455.6 $ (15.1) — (0.8) — 2,878.5 6.7 64.4 5.4 (19.7) $ 4,777.6 Included in the fair value of Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed investments at December 31, 2014 are $3.9 million of collateralized debt obligations, $1.3 million of non-governmental residential mortgage-backed securities and $0.2 million of other asset-backed securities. Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities included unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities of $5.6 million at December 31, 2015, all of which settled in the following month. There were no unsettled purchases of Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2014. There were no unsettled sales of Investments in Fixed Maturities at either December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. The amortized cost and estimated fair values of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities at December 31, 2015 by contractual maturity were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Due in One Year or Less............................................................................................................................ $ Due after One Year to Five Years.............................................................................................................. Due after Five Years to Ten Years............................................................................................................. Due after Ten Years................................................................................................................................... Mortgage- and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date ............................................ Investments in Fixed Maturities ................................................................................................................ 52.4 806.8 1,475.3 2,009.5 216.7 $ 4,560.7 Amortized Cost Fair Value 54.6 $ 840.2 1,507.1 2,227.9 222.5 $ 4,852.3 The expected maturities of the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities may differ from the contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Investments in Mortgage- 77 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS (Continued) and Asset-backed Securities Not Due at a Single Maturity Date at December 31, 2015 consisted of securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $107.0 million, securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association with a fair value of $17.1 million, securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation with a fair value of $6.0 million and securities of other non-governmental issuers with a fair value of $92.4 million. Gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Equity Securities at December 31, 2015 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Preferred Stocks: Gross Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Finance, Insurance and Real Estate............................................................... $ Other Industries............................................................................................. Common Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate............................................................... Other Industries............................................................................................. Other Equity Interests: 80.8 17.1 18.9 9.4 Exchange Traded Funds................................................................................ Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships ............................... Investments in Equity Securities........................................................................ $ 179.7 181.0 486.9 $ $ 4.9 2.7 5.3 4.3 $ (0.8) $ (0.8) (1.0) (0.2) 84.9 19.0 23.2 13.5 1.1 25.0 43.3 $ (3.7) (0.5) (7.0) $ 177.1 205.5 523.2 Gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Equity Securities at December 31, 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Preferred Stocks: Gross Unrealized Cost Gains Losses Fair Value Finance, Insurance and Real Estate............................................................... $ Other Industries............................................................................................. Common Stocks: Manufacturing ............................................................................................... Finance, Insurance and Real Estate............................................................... Other Industries............................................................................................. Other Equity Interests: 85.5 16.3 43.4 34.3 26.5 $ $ 5.2 3.5 (1.0) $ — 89.7 19.8 57.2 40.5 36.1 (1.1) — (0.4) Exchange Traded Funds................................................................................ Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships ............................... Investments in Equity Securities........................................................................ $ 195.2 160.3 561.5 $ (0.7) (1.8) (5.0) $ 202.7 186.2 632.2 $ 14.9 6.2 10.0 8.2 27.7 75.7 There were no unsettled purchases or sales of Investments in Equity Securities at either December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. 78 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS (Continued) An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities at December 31, 2015 is presented below. Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses (1.6) $ (2.6) 24.1 $ 0.9 (2.0) $ (0.1) 80.7 $ 131.9 (3.6) (2.7) DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities ........................................................ States and Political Subdivisions ........................... Corporate Securities: Bonds and Notes ............................................... Collateralized Loan Obligations ....................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed................... Total Fixed Maturities................................................. Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate................... Other Industries................................................. Common Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate................... Other Industries................................................. Other Equity Interests: Exchange Traded Funds.................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships.................................................. Total Equity Securities................................................ Total............................................................................ $ 56.6 $ 131.0 783.8 57.4 — 1,028.8 2.7 7.3 16.3 2.8 (26.0) (2.9) — (33.1) — (0.8) (1.0) (0.3) 133.6 0.8 0.3 159.7 12.3 — — — — (14.7) (0.1) — (16.9) 917.4 58.2 0.3 1,188.5 15.0 7.3 16.3 2.8 (0.8) — — — — (40.7) (3.0) — (50.0) (0.8) (0.8) (1.0) (0.3) 135.2 (3.7) 135.2 (3.7) 2.7 167.0 $ 1,195.8 $ (0.5) (6.3) (39.4) $ — 12.3 172.0 $ 2.7 — (0.8) 179.3 (17.7) $ 1,367.8 $ (0.5) (7.1) (57.1) The Company regularly reviews its investment portfolio for factors that may indicate that a decline in fair value of an investment is other than temporary. The portions of the declines in the fair values of investments that are determined to be other than temporary are reported as losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the periods when such determinations are made. Unrealized losses on fixed maturities, which the Company has determined to be temporary at December 31, 2015, were $50.0 million, of which $16.9 million was related to fixed maturities that were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer. There were $0.2 million unrealized losses at December 31, 2015 related to securities for which the Company has recognized credit losses in earnings in the preceding table under the heading “Less Than 12 Months”. There were no unrealized losses at December 31, 2015 related to securities for which the Company has recognized credit losses in earnings in the preceding table under the heading “12 Months or Longer.” Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $33.5 million and below- investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $16.5 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2015. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was approximately 8% of the amortized cost basis of the investment. At December 31, 2015, the Company did not have the intent to sell these investments and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Based on the Company’s evaluation at December 31, 2015 of the prospects of the issuers, including, but not limited to, the credit ratings of the issuers of the investments in the fixed maturities, and the Company’s intention to not sell and its determination that it would not be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost of such investments, the Company concluded that the declines in the fair values of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities presented in the preceding table were temporary at the evaluation date. 79 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS (Continued) For equity securities, the Company considers various factors when determining whether a decline in the fair value is other than temporary, including, but not limited to: • The financial condition and prospects of the issuer; • The length of time and magnitude of the unrealized loss; • The volatility of the investment; • Analyst recommendations and near term price targets; • Opinions of the Company’s external investment managers; • Market liquidity; • Debt-like characteristics of perpetual preferred stocks and issuer ratings; and • The Company’s intentions to sell or ability to hold the investments until recovery. With respect to Investments in Equity Securities, the Company concluded that the unrealized losses on its investments in preferred and common stocks at December 31, 2015 were temporary based on various factors, including the relative short length and magnitude of the losses and overall market volatility. The Company’s investments in other equity interests include investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships that primarily invest in mezzanine debt, distressed debt, and secondary transactions. By the nature of their underlying investments, the Company believes that some of its investments in the limited liability companies and limited partnerships exhibit debt-like characteristics which, among other factors, the Company also considers when evaluating these investments for impairment. Based on evaluations of the factors in the preceding paragraph, the Company concluded that the declines in the fair values of the Company’s investments in equity securities presented in the preceding table were temporary at December 31, 2015. An aging of unrealized losses on the Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities at December 31, 2014 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities......................................................... States and Political Subdivisions............................ Corporate Securities: Bonds and Notes................................................ Redeemable Preferred Stocks............................ Collateralized Loan Obligations........................ Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed................... Total Fixed Maturities................................................. Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate ................... Other Industries ................................................. Common Stocks: Manufacturing ................................................... Other Industries ................................................. Other Equity Interests: Exchange Traded Funds .................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships .................................................. Total Equity Securities................................................ Total............................................................................. Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses Fair Value Unrealized Losses $ $ 24.9 1.0 (0.7) $ — 55.5 126.3 $ (1.3) $ (1.8) 80.4 127.3 $ (2.0) (1.8) (5.1) — (0.7) — (6.5) (0.1) — (1.1) (0.4) (0.1) (1.5) (3.2) (9.7) $ 360.5 — 3.4 0.4 546.1 12.1 0.5 — 1.0 14.4 6.6 34.6 580.7 $ (10.0) — (0.1) — (13.2) (0.9) — — — 610.9 — 54.6 0.4 873.6 19.6 0.5 15.1 5.2 (15.1) — (0.8) — (19.7) (1.0) — (1.1) (0.4) (0.6) 29.3 (0.7) 61.0 (0.3) (1.8) 130.7 (15.0) $ 1,004.3 $ (1.8) (5.0) (24.7) 250.4 — 51.2 — 327.5 7.5 — 15.1 4.2 14.9 54.4 96.1 $ 423.6 $ 80 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS (Continued) Unrealized losses on fixed maturities, which the Company determined to be temporary at December 31, 2014, were $19.7 million, of which $13.2 million was related to fixed maturities that were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or longer. There were no unrealized losses at December 31, 2014 related to securities for which the Company has recognized credit losses in earnings in the preceding table under the heading “Less Than 12 Months” or “12 Months or Longer.” Investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $14.1 million and below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments comprised $5.6 million of the unrealized losses on investments in fixed maturities at December 31, 2014. For below-investment-grade fixed maturity investments in an unrealized loss position, the unrealized loss amount, on average, was less than 4% of the amortized cost basis of the investment. At December 31, 2014, the Company did not have the intent to sell these investments and it was not more likely than not that the Company would be required to sell these investments before recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Based on the Company’s evaluation at December 31, 2014 of the prospects of the issuers, including, but not limited to, the credit ratings of the issuers of the investments in the fixed maturities, and the Company’s intention to not sell and its determination that it would not be required to sell before recovery of the amortized cost of such investments, the Company concluded that the declines in the fair values of the Company’s investments in fixed maturities presented in the preceding table were temporary at the evaluation date. With respect to Investments in Equity Securities, the Company concluded that the unrealized losses on its investments at December 31, 2014 were temporary based on various factors, including the relative short length and magnitude of the losses and overall market volatility, as well as, the debt-like characteristics of investments in certain other equity interests. The following table sets forth the pre-tax amount of OTTI credit losses, recognized in Retained Earnings for Investments in Fixed Maturities held by the Company as of December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, for which a portion of the OTTI loss related to factors other than credit has been recognized in AOCI, and the corresponding changes in such amounts. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Cumulative Balance of Pre-tax Credit Losses Recognized in Retained Earnings at Beginning of Year............................................................................................................... $ Pre-tax Credit Losses on Fixed Maturities without Pre-tax Credit Losses Included in Cumulative Balance at Beginning of Year......................................................................... Additional Pre-tax Credit Losses on Fixed Maturities with Pre-tax Credit Losses Included in Cumulative Balance at Beginning of Year..................................................................... 2015 2014 2013 5.3 $ 9.9 $ 0.2 — 2.4 0.6 4.6 1.8 7.3 Reductions for Change in Impairment Status: From Status of Credit Loss to Status of Intent-to-sell or Required-to-sell ....................... Reductions for Investments Sold During Year....................................................................... Balance at End of Year........................................................................................................... $ (0.4) — 5.1 $ (2.4) (5.2) 5.3 $ (3.2) (0.6) 9.9 Equity Method Limited Liability Investments include investments in limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships in which the Company’s interests are not deemed minor and are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The Company’s investments in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments are generally of a passive nature in that the Company does not take an active role in the management of the investment entity. In 2015, aggregate investment income (losses) from Equity Method Limited Liability Investments exceeded 10% of the Company’s pretax consolidated net income. Accordingly, the Company is disclosing aggregated summarized financial data for its Equity Method Limited Liability Investments. Such aggregated summarized financial data does not represent the Company’s proportionate share of the Equity Method Limited Liability Investment assets or earnings. Aggregate total assets of the Equity Method Limited Liability Investments in which the Company invested totaled $3,801.7 million and $3,349.7 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Aggregate total liabilities of the Equity Method Limited Liability Investments in which the Company invested totaled $879.1 million and $711.5 million as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Aggregate net income of the Equity Method Limited Liability Investments in which the Company invested totaled $159.6 million, $96.2 million and $181.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The aggregate summarized financial data is based on the most recent and sufficiently-timely financial information available to the Company as of the respective reporting dates and periods. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss at December 31, 2015 is limited to the total carrying value of $190.6 million. In addition, the Company had outstanding commitments totaling approximately $58.8 million to fund Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at December 31, 2015. 81 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 4. INVESTMENTS (Continued) The carrying values of the Company’s Other Investments at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Loans to Policyholders at Unpaid Principal.............................................................................................. Real Estate at Depreciated Cost ................................................................................................................ Trading Securities at Fair Value................................................................................................................ Other.......................................................................................................................................................... Total........................................................................................................................................................... 2015 288.4 149.8 4.7 0.3 443.2 $ $ 2014 283.4 160.9 4.9 0.4 449.6 $ $ NOTE 5. GOODWILL Goodwill balances by business segment at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance.................................................................................................................. Life & Health Insurance ............................................................................................................................ Total........................................................................................................................................................... 2015 103.6 219.4 323.0 $ 2014 92.4 219.4 $ 311.8 The Company tests goodwill for recoverability on an annual basis at the beginning of the first quarter and, if circumstances or events indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit may have declined below its carrying value, such tests are performed at intervening interim periods. The Company principally used projections of discounted future cash flows to estimate the fair values of the reporting units tested. For each reporting unit tested, the estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value of the reporting unit, and the Company concluded that the associated goodwill was recoverable at the aforementioned dates tested. Goodwill in the Property & Casualty Insurance segment increased by $11.2 million due to the acquisition of Alliance United. See Note 3, “Acquisition of Business” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information pertaining to the acquisition of Alliance United. 82 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE RESERVES Property and Casualty Insurance Reserve activity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Beginning Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves: 2015 2014 2013 Gross of Reinsurance at Beginning of Year...................................................................... $ Less Reinsurance Recoverables at Beginning of Year...................................................... Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, Net of Reinsurance at Beginning of Year......... Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves Acquired, Net of Reinsurance and Indemnification ................................................................................................................ 733.9 54.9 679.0 125.4 $ $ 843.5 63.4 780.1 970.6 66.2 904.4 — — Incurred Losses and LAE related to: Current Year: Continuing Operations ................................................................................................. 1,123.3 965.4 1,056.5 Prior Years: Continuing Operations ................................................................................................. Discontinued Operations.............................................................................................. Total Incurred Losses and LAE related to Prior Years..................................................... Total Incurred Losses and LAE............................................................................................. Paid Losses and LAE related to: (11.5) (8.6) (20.1) 1,103.2 (53.5) (3.6) (57.1) 908.3 (59.8) (4.8) (64.6) 991.9 Current Year: Continuing Operations ................................................................................................. 723.2 639.8 682.2 Prior Years: Continuing Operations ................................................................................................. Discontinued Operations.............................................................................................. Total Paid Losses and LAE related to Prior Years............................................................ Total Paid Losses and LAE ................................................................................................... Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, Net of Reinsurance and Indemnification at End of Year....................................................................................................................... Plus Reinsurance and Indemnification Recoverables at End of Year.................................... Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves, Gross of Reinsurance at End of Year............... $ 366.2 7.4 373.6 1,096.8 360.4 9.2 369.6 1,009.4 421.7 12.3 434.0 1,116.2 810.8 52.0 862.8 $ 679 54.9 733.9 $ 780.1 63.4 843.5 Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves are estimated based on historical experience patterns and current economic trends. Actual loss experience and loss trends are likely to differ from these historical experience patterns and economic conditions. Loss experience and loss trends emerge over several years from the dates of loss inception. The Company monitors such emerging loss trends on a quarterly basis. Changes in such estimates are included in the Consolidated Statements of Income in the period of change. In 2015, the Company reduced its property and casualty insurance reserves by $20.1 million to recognize favorable development of losses and LAE from prior accident years, including the impact of adverse development of $7.7 million, net of estimated indemnification recoveries, related to Alliance United for periods prior to the date of its acquisition. Personal lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $13.3 million and commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $6.8 million. Personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $1.8 million, net of the adverse development related to Alliance United, homeowners insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $10.8 million, and other personal lines loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $0.7 million. Excluding the adverse development related to Alliance United for periods prior to the date of its acquisition, personal lines insurance losses and LAE reserves developed favorably by $21.0 million due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for the 2013, 2012 and 2011 accident years. Commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves included adverse development of $1.8 million from continuing operations and favorable development of $8.6 million from discontinued operations. In 2014, the Company reduced its property and casualty insurance reserves by $57.1 million to recognize favorable development of losses and LAE from prior accident years. Personal lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $50.9 million and commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $6.2 million. Personal 83 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 6. PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE RESERVES (Continued) automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $31.6 million, homeowners insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $14.8 million and other personal lines loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $4.5 million. The personal lines insurance losses and LAE reserves developed favorably due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for the three most recent prior accident years. Commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves included favorable development of $2.6 million from continuing operations and $3.6 million from discontinued operations. Commercial lines insurance losses and LAE reserves developed favorably from continuing operations due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for the 2013, 2011 and 2010 accident years. In 2013, the Company reduced its property and casualty insurance reserves by $64.6 million to recognize favorable development of losses and LAE from prior accident years. Personal lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $56.8 million and commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $7.8 million. Personal automobile insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $30.1 million, homeowners insurance loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $20.1 million and other personal lines loss and LAE reserves developed favorably by $6.6 million. The personal lines insurance losses and LAE reserves developed favorably due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for the four most recent prior accident years. Commercial lines insurance loss and LAE reserves included favorable development of $3.0 million from continuing operations and $4.8 million from discontinued operations. Commercial lines insurance losses and LAE reserves developed favorably from continuing operations due primarily to the emergence of more favorable loss patterns than expected for the 2011, 2010 and 2009 accident years, partially offset by less favorable loss patterns than expected for the 2012 accident year. The Company cannot predict whether loss and LAE reserves will develop favorably or unfavorably from the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company believes that any such development will not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, but could have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial results for a given period. Reinsurance and indemnification recoverables on property and casualty insurance reserves were $52.0 million and $54.9 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. These recoverables are concentrated with several reinsurers, the vast majority of which are highly rated by one or more of the principal investor and/or insurance company rating agencies. While most of these recoverables were unsecured at December 31, 2015 and 2014, the agreements with the reinsurers generally provide for some form of collateralization upon the occurrence of certain events. NOTE 7. DEBT Total amortized cost of debt outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Senior Notes: 2015 2014 6.00% Senior Notes due November 30, 2015....................................................................................... $ 6.00% Senior Notes due May 15, 2017 ................................................................................................ 4.35% Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 ......................................................................................... 7.375% Subordinated Debentures due February 27, 2054 ........................................................................ Total Debt Outstanding.............................................................................................................................. $ — $ 359.1 247.4 144.1 249.5 358.5 — 144.1 750.6 $ 752.1 84 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 7. DEBT (Continued) Interest Expense, including facility fees, accretion of discount and amortization of issuance costs, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: 2015 2014 2013 0.8 $ 0.8 $ DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Notes Payable under Revolving Credit Agreement ............................................................... $ Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas....................................................................................... Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago ................................................................................... Senior Notes Payable: ............................................................................................................ 6.00% Senior Notes due November 30, 2015 ................................................................... 6.00% Senior Notes due May 15, 2017 ............................................................................ 4.35% Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 ..................................................................... 7.375% Subordinated Debentures due February 27, 2054 .................................................... Mortgage Note Payable.......................................................................................................... Interest Expense before Capitalization of Interest ................................................................. Capitalization of Interest........................................................................................................ Total Interest Expense............................................................................................................ $ — — 3.7 22.2 9.5 11.1 — 47.3 (0.8) 46.5 Interest Paid, including facility fees, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Notes Payable under Revolving Credit Agreement ............................................................... $ Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago Senior Notes Payable: 6.00% Senior Notes due November 30, 2015 ................................................................... 6.00% Senior Notes due May 15, 2017 ............................................................................ 4.35% Senior Notes due February 15, 2025 ..................................................................... 7.375% Subordinated Debentures due February 27, 2054 .................................................... Mortgage Note Payable.......................................................................................................... Total Interest Paid .................................................................................................................. $ 2015 1.4 — — 4.8 21.6 5.2 11.1 — 44.1 — — 15.5 22.2 — 9.4 — 47.9 (1.0) 46.9 2014 0.6 — — 15.0 21.6 — 8.5 — 45.7 $ $ $ $ $ $ 1.4 — — 15.4 22.2 — — 0.2 39.2 (0.9) 38.3 2013 0.8 — — 15.0 21.6 — — 0.3 37.7 On June 2, 2015, Kemper amended and restated its $225.0 million, unsecured, revolving credit agreement to, among other things, extend the expiration date to June 2, 2020. Prior to the amendment, the credit agreement was scheduled to expire on March 7, 2016. The credit agreement, as amended and restated, provides for fixed and floating rate advances for periods up to six months at various interest rates. The credit agreement, as amended and restated, contains various financial covenants, including limits on total debt to total capitalization, consolidated net worth and minimum risk-based capital ratios for Kemper’s largest insurance subsidiaries, Trinity and United Insurance. Proceeds from advances under the credit agreement, as amended and restated, may be used for general corporate purposes, including repayment of existing indebtedness. There were no outstanding borrowings under the credit agreement at either December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. Trinity and United Insurance are members of the FHLB of Dallas and Chicago, respectively. Effective December 31, 2013, Trinity and the FHLB of Dallas entered into agreements pursuant to which Trinity may obtain advances from the FHLB of Dallas. Effective March 18, 2014, United Insurance and the FHLB of Chicago entered into agreements pursuant to which United Insurance may obtain advances from the FHLB of Chicago. Advances from the FHLB of Dallas and Chicago are subject to collateral requirements as specified in the respective agreements with Trinity and United Insurance. During 2015, Trinity borrowed and repaid $77.5 million under its agreement with the FHLB of Dallas. During 2015, United Insurance borrowed and repaid $21.0 million under its agreement with the FHLB of Chicago. There were no advances from the FHLB of Dallas or Chicago outstanding at either December 31, 2015 or December 31, 2014. On February 24, 2015, Kemper issued $250.0 million of its 4.35% senior notes due February 15, 2025 (the “2025 Senior Notes”). The net proceeds of the issuance were $247.3 million, net of discount and transaction costs, for an effective yield of 85 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 7. DEBT (Continued) 4.49%. The 2025 Senior Notes are unsecured and may be redeemed in whole at any time or in part from time to time at Kemper’s option at specified redemption prices. Kemper used the net proceeds from the sale of the 2025 Senior Notes, together with available cash, to redeem in full the $250.0 million outstanding principal amount of its 6.00% senior notes due November 30, 2015. Kemper recognized a loss of $9.1 million before income taxes in the first quarter of 2015 from the early redemption of these senior notes. On February 27, 2014, Kemper issued $150.0 million of its 7.375% subordinated debentures due February 27, 2054 (the “2054 Debentures”). The net proceeds of the issuance were $144.0 million, net of discount and transaction costs, for an effective yield of 7.69%. The subordinated debentures are unsecured and are subordinated and junior to the senior indebtedness of Kemper. Interest on the subordinated debentures is payable quarterly. As long as no event of default has occurred, Kemper may defer interest payments on the subordinated debentures for up to five consecutive years without giving rise to an event of default. During a deferral period, interest will continue to accrue at the stated interest rate compounded quarterly. Kemper is permitted to redeem some or all of the subordinated debentures on or after February 27, 2019, at a redemption price that is equal to their principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. Kemper is permitted to redeem the subordinated debentures in whole, but not in part, at any time prior to February 27, 2019, within 90 days of the occurrence of certain tax events or rating agency events, at specified redemption prices. NOTE 8. LEASES The Company leases certain office space under non-cancelable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to ten years, along with options that permit renewals for additional periods. The Company also leases certain equipment under non-cancellable operating leases, with initial terms typically ranging from one to five years. Minimum rent is expensed on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Net rental expense for operating leases for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Minimum Rental Expense ..................................................................................................... $ Less Sublease Rental Income ................................................................................................ Net Rental Expense ............................................................................................................... $ 20.7 (1.7) 19.0 2015 2014 2013 $ $ $ $ $ 21.5 (1.3) 20.2 $ $ 28.3 (1.8) 26.5 Capital Leases Operating Leases 17.8 16.5 11.9 8.6 6.3 14.2 75.3 $ $ 2.4 0.7 0.1 — — — 3.2 (0.2) 3.0 Future minimum lease payments under capital and operating leases at December 31, 2015 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS 2016........................................................................................................................................................... 2017........................................................................................................................................................... 2018........................................................................................................................................................... 2019........................................................................................................................................................... 2020........................................................................................................................................................... 2021 and Thereafter .................................................................................................................................. Total Future Payments............................................................................................................................... Less Imputed Interest ................................................................................................................................ Present Value of Minimum Capital Lease Payments................................................................................ The total of minimum rentals to be received in the future under non-cancellable subleases was $3.9 million at December 31, 2015. NOTE 9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Kemper is authorized to issue 20 million shares of $0.10 par value preferred stock and 100 million shares of $0.10 par value common stock. No preferred shares were issued or outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014. There were 51,326,751 shares and 52,418,246 shares of common stock outstanding at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Common stock outstanding included 80,848 shares and 163,720 shares at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, that have been issued, subject to certain vesting and other requirements, in connection with the Company’s long-term equity compensation plans. See Note 10, 86 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued) “Long-Term Equity-based Compensation,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of the restrictions and vesting provisions. Kemper repurchased and retired 1.2 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions at an aggregate cost of $43.5 million in 2015. Kemper repurchased and retired 3.2 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions at an aggregate cost of $115.5 million in 2014. Kemper repurchased and retired 3.0 million shares of its common stock in open market transactions at an aggregate cost of $100.4 million in 2013. Various state insurance laws restrict the amount that an insurance subsidiary may pay in the form of dividends, loans or advances without the prior approval of regulatory authorities. Also, that portion of an insurance subsidiary’s net equity which results from differences between statutory insurance accounting practices and GAAP would not be available for cash dividends, loans or advances. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries paid dividends of $285.0 million to Kemper in 2015. In 2016, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries would be able to pay $168 million in dividends to Kemper without prior regulatory approval. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries had net assets of $2.4 billion, determined in accordance with GAAP, that were restricted from payment to Kemper without prior regulatory approval at December 31, 2015. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are required to file financial statements prepared on the basis of statutory insurance accounting practices, a comprehensive basis of accounting other than GAAP. Statutory capital and surplus for the Company’s life and health insurance subsidiaries was $394.6 million and $437.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Statutory net income for the Company’s life and health insurance subsidiaries was $62.8 million, $100.7 million and $81.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus for the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries was $957.7 million and $947.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Statutory net income for the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries was $58.9 million, $85.7 million and $138.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Statutory capital and surplus and statutory net income exclude parent company operations. Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries are also required to hold minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus to satisfy regulatory requirements. The minimum statutory capital and surplus, or company action level RBC, necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements for the Company’s life and health insurance subsidiaries collectively was $134.4 million at December 31, 2015. The minimum statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements for the Company’s property and casualty insurance subsidiaries collectively was $335.9 million at December 31, 2015. Company action level RBC is the level at which a company is required to file a corrective action plan with its regulators and is equal to 200% of the authorized control level RBC. In 2015, Kemper paid dividends of $49.7 million to its shareholders. Except for certain financial covenants under the 2016 Credit Agreement or during any period in which Kemper elects to defer interest payments, there are no restrictions on Kemper’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders. Certain financial covenants, namely minimum net worth and a maximum debt to total capitalization ratio, under the 2016 Credit Agreement could limit the amount of dividends that Kemper may pay to shareholders at December 31, 2015. Kemper had the ability to pay without restrictions $287 million in dividends to its shareholders and still be in compliance with all financial covenants under the 2016 Credit Agreement at December 31, 2015. NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION On May 4, 2011, Kemper’s shareholders approved the 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan (“Omnibus Plan”). The Omnibus Plan replaced the Company’s previous employee stock option plans, director stock option plan and restricted stock plan (collectively, the “Prior Plans”). Awards previously granted under the Prior Plans remain outstanding in accordance with their original terms. Beginning May 4, 2011, equity-based compensation awards may only be granted under the Omnibus Plan. A maximum number of 10,000,000 shares of Kemper common stock may be issued under the Omnibus Plan (the “Share Authorization”). As of December 31, 2015, there were 7,636,921 common shares available for future grants under the Omnibus Plan, of which 538,500 shares were reserved for future grants based on the achievement of performance goals under the terms of outstanding performance-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards. The design of the Omnibus Plan provides for fungible use of shares to determine the number of shares available for future grants, with a fungible conversion factor of three to one, such that the Share Authorization will be reduced at two different rates, depending on the type of award granted. Each share of Kemper common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options or stock appreciation rights will reduce the number of shares available for future grant under the Share Authorization by one share, while each share of Kemper common stock issued pursuant to “full value awards” will reduce the number of shares available 87 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) for future grant under the Share Authorization by three shares. “Full value awards” are awards, other than stock options or stock appreciation rights, that are settled by the issuance of shares of Kemper common stock and include restricted stock, RSUs and deferred stock units (“DSUs”), if settled with stock, and other stock-based awards. Outstanding equity-based compensation awards at December 31, 2015 consisted of tandem stock option and stock appreciation rights (“Tandem Awards”), time-vested restricted stock, time-vested RSUs, performance-based restricted stock, performance- based RSUs and DSUs. Effective February 4, 2014, the Company began issuing time-based and performance-based RSUs. Recipients of restricted stock receive full dividend and voting rights on the same basis as all other outstanding shares of Kemper common stock. RSUs and DSUs give the recipient the right to receive one share of Kemper common stock for each RSU or DSU issued. Recipients of RSUs and DSUs receive full dividend equivalents on the same basis as all other outstanding shares of Kemper common stock, but do not receive voting rights until such shares are issued. Except as described below for equity-based compensation awards granted to each member of the Board of Directors who is not employed by the Company (“Non-employee Directors”), all outstanding awards are subject to forfeiture until certain restrictions have lapsed. For equity-based compensation awards with a graded vesting schedule, the Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately-vesting portion of the awards as if each award were, in substance, multiple awards. Compensation expense is recognized only for those awards expected to vest, with forfeitures estimated at the date of grant based on the Company’s historical experience and future expectations. Equity-based compensation expense was $6.5 million, $6.4 million and $5.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total unamortized compensation expense related to nonvested awards at December 31, 2015 was $5.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, or the Board’s authorized designee, has sole discretion to determine the persons to whom awards under the Omnibus Plan are granted, and the material terms of the awards. For Tandem Awards, material terms include the number of shares covered by such awards and the exercise price, vesting and expiration dates of such awards. Tandem Awards are non-transferable. The exercise price of Tandem Awards is the fair value of Kemper’s common stock on the date of grant. Employee Tandem Awards, time-based restricted stock awards and time-based RSU awards generally vest, beginning six months after date of grant, in four equal annual installments over a period of three and one-half years, with the Tandem Awards expiring ten years from the date of grant. Employee performance-based restricted stock and RSU awards generally vest over a period of three years, subject to achievement of performance goals and other restrictions. Under the Non-employee Director compensation programs in effect for 2015, 2014 and 2013, each Non-employee Director receives an initial option award to purchase 4,000 shares of Kemper common stock immediately upon becoming a director, and in addition, on the date of each annual meeting of Kemper’s shareholders, automatically receives an annual option award to purchase 4,000 shares of common stock. Prior to May 1, 2013, such options granted to Non-employee Directors were exercisable one year from the date of grant at an exercise price equal to the fair value of Kemper’s common stock on the date of grant and expired ten years from the date of grant. Effective May 1, 2013, new grants of such options are fully vested and exercisable on the date of grant at an exercise price equal to the fair value of Kemper’s common stock on the date of grant. In addition to the annual option awards, under the compensation programs in effect for 2015, 2014 and 2013, annual awards to each Non-employee Director include 500 DSUs. The DSUs granted to Non-employee Directors are fully vested on the date of grant. Conversion of the DSUs into shares of Kemper’s common stock is deferred until the date a director’s board service terminates. Prior to creation of the Omnibus Plan, all of the Company’s previous stock option plans included provisions, subject to certain limitations, to automatically grant restorative, or reload stock options (“Restorative Options”), to replace shares of previously owned Kemper common stock that an exercising option holder surrenders, either actually or constructively, to satisfy the exercise price and/or tax withholding obligations relating to the exercise. The restorative feature was eliminated prospectively for original option awards granted on or after February 3, 2009. Restorative Options may still be granted, subject to certain limitations, in connection with the exercise of original options granted before February 3, 2009. Restorative Options are subject to the same terms and conditions as the original options, including the expiration date, except that the exercise price is equal to the fair value of Kemper common stock on the date of grant of a Restorative Option and cannot be exercised until six months after the date of grant. The grant of a Restorative Option does not result in an increase in the total number of shares and options held by an employee, but changes the mix of the two. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of each Tandem Award on the date of grant. The expected terms of Tandem Awards are developed by considering the Company’s historical Tandem Award exercise experience, demographic profiles, historical share retention practices of employees and assumptions about their propensity for 88 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) early exercise in the future. Further, the Company aggregates individual awards into relatively homogenous groups that exhibit similar exercise behavior to obtain a more refined estimate of the expected term of options. Expected volatility is estimated using weekly historical volatility. The Company believes that historical volatility is currently the best estimate of expected volatility. The dividend yield in 2015, 2014 and 2013 was calculated by taking the natural logarithm of the annualized yield divided by the Kemper common stock price on the date of grant. The risk-free interest rate was the yield on the grant date of U.S. Treasury zero coupon issues with a maturity comparable to the expected term of the option. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes pricing model for Tandem Awards granted during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 are presented below. RANGE OF VALUATION ASSUMPTIONS Expected Volatility..................................................... Risk-free Interest Rate................................................ Expected Dividend Yield............................................ WEIGHTED-AVERAGE EXPECTED LIFE IN YEARS Employee Grants ........................................................ Director Grants ........................................................... 2015 2014 2013 21.31% - - 1.08 - 2.37 41.65% 25.76% - 1.96 - 2.62 - 1.07 2.53 44.43% 39.10% - - 2.14 - 2.60 0.62 2.83 48.23% 1.38 3.00 4 - 7 5.5 4 - 7 6 4 - 7 6 Tandem Award activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. Outstanding at Beginning of the Year........................................ Granted....................................................................................... Exercised.................................................................................... Forfeited or Expired................................................................... Outstanding at December 31, 2015............................................ Vested and Expected to Vest at December 31, 2015.................. Exercisable at December 31, 2015............................................. Shares Subject to Awards 2,265,711 397,532 (629,625) (605,461) 1,428,157 1,393,530 978,437 Weighted- average Exercise Price Per Share ($) 39.74 $ 37.51 31.84 46.45 39.75 39.84 41.02 $ $ Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ In Millions) 5.4 5.3 3.8 $ $ $ 2.1 2.0 1.6 The weighted-average grant-date fair values of Tandem Awards granted during 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $7.85, $10.49 and $10.20, respectively. Total intrinsic value of Tandem Awards exercised was $4.6 million, $0.4 million and $4.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Cash received from exercises of Tandem Awards was $3.9 million, $0.5 million and $1.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Total tax benefit realized for tax deductions from exercises of Tandem Awards was $1.6 million, $0.1 million and $1.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 89 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) Information pertaining to Tandem Awards outstanding at December 31, 2015 is presented below. Range of Exercise Prices ($) - 15.01 20.00 20.01 25.01 30.01 35.01 40.01 45.01 15.01 - - - - - - - 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00 45.00 50.00 50.00 Outstanding Weighted- average Exercise Price Per Share ($) 16.48 Weighted- average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years) 3.35 23.47 28.67 33.20 36.55 40.70 48.80 39.75 4.07 5.46 7.11 7.73 9.89 0.59 5.36 Exercisable Shares Subject to Awards 4,000 14,500 75,750 131,998 290,187 5,502 456,500 978,437 Weighted- average Exercise Price Per Share ($) 16.48 23.47 28.67 33.12 36.83 40.70 48.80 41.02 Shares Subject to Awards 4,000 14,500 75,750 173,625 600,000 103,782 456,500 1,428,157 The grant-date fair values of time-based restricted stock and time-based RSU awards are determined using the closing price of Kemper common stock on the date of grant. Activity related to nonvested time-based restricted stock and nonvested time-based RSUs for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. Time-based Restricted Stock Awards Time-based RSU Awards Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value Per Share Number of Shares Nonvested Balance at Beginning of the Year........................................... Granted ..................................................................................................... Vested........................................................................................................ Forfeited.................................................................................................... Nonvested Balance at December 31, 2015 ............................................... 53,095 $ — (18,733) (4,914) 29,448 $ 32.42 — 31.09 29.48 33.77 Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value Per RSU $ $ 36.60 36.79 36.33 36.19 36.84 Number of RSUs 30,024 74,375 (16,701) (2,650) 85,048 Prior to February 3, 2009, only awards of time-vested restricted stock had been granted. Beginning on February 3, 2009, in addition to time-vested restricted stock granted to certain employees and officers, the Company began making performance- based restricted awards to certain officers and employees. The initial number of shares or RSUs awarded to each participant of a performance-based award represents the shares that would vest, or, in the case of a RSU, that would vest and would be issued, if the performance level attained were to be at the “target” performance level. For performance above the target level, each participant would receive a grant of additional shares of stock up to a maximum of 100% of the initial number of shares or RSUs awarded to the participant. The final payout of these awards, and any forfeitures of shares for performance below the “target” performance level, will be determined based on Kemper’s total shareholder return over a three-year performance period relative to a peer group comprised of all the companies in the S&P Supercomposite Insurance Index. If, at the end of the applicable performance period, the Company’s relative performance: • • • exceeds the “target” performance level, additional shares of stock will be issued to the award recipient; is below the “target” performance level, but at or above a “minimum” performance level, only a portion of the shares of performance-based restricted stock originally issued to the award recipient will vest; or is below a “minimum” performance level, none of the shares of performance-based restricted stock originally issued to the award recipient will vest. The grant date fair values of the performance-based restricted stock and performance-based RSU awards are determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The Monte Carlo simulation model produces a risk-neutral simulation of the daily returns on the common stock of Kemper and each of the other companies included in the peer group. Returns generated by the simulation depend on the risk-free interest rate used and the volatilities of, and the correlation between, these stocks. The model simulates stock prices and dividend payouts to the end of the three-year performance period. Total shareholder returns are generated for each of these stocks based on the simulated prices and dividend payouts. The total shareholder returns are then 90 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) ranked, and Kemper’s simulated ranking is converted to a payout percentage based on the terms of the performance-based restricted stock and performance-based RSU awards. The payout percentage is applied to the simulated stock price at the end of the performance period, reinvested dividends are added back, and the total is discounted to the valuation date at the risk-free rate. This process is repeated approximately ten thousand times, and the grant date fair value is equal to the average of the results from these trials. Activity related to nonvested performance-based restricted stock and nonvested performance-based RSU awards for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. Nonvested Balance at Beginning of the Year........................................... Granted ..................................................................................................... Vested........................................................................................................ Forfeited.................................................................................................... Nonvested Balance at December 31, 2015 ............................................... Performance-based Restricted Stock Awards Performance-based RSU Awards Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value Per Share $ 39.28 Number of Shares 110,625 — — (59,225) 51,400 $ — — 36.81 42.12 Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value Per RSU $ $ 40.50 43.05 — 41.68 41.85 Number of RSUs 61,875 68,825 — (2,600) 128,100 The number of additional shares that would be granted if the Company were to meet or exceed the maximum performance levels related to the outstanding performance-based awards for the 2015 and 2014 three-year performance periods was 67,625 common shares and 60,475 common shares, respectively, (as “full value awards,” the equivalent of 202,875 shares and 181,425 shares, respectively, under the Share Authorization) at December 31, 2015. For the 2013 three-year performance period, the Company’s performance level was below the minimum performance level, and all of the related 51,400 shares of performance- based restricted shares were forfeited on February 4, 2016, the three-year anniversary of their grant date. For the 2012 three- year performance period, the Company’s performance level was below the minimum performance level, and all of the related 57,775 shares of performance-based restricted shares were forfeited on January 31, 2015, the three-year anniversary of their grant date. For the 2011 three-year performance period, the Company’s performance level exceeded target performance levels with a payout percentage of 118%. Accordingly, an additional 9,014 shares of stock were issued to award recipients on February 1, 2014 (the “2011 Additional Shares”). For the 2010 three-year performance period, the Company’s performance level exceeded the target performance level with a payout percentage of 114%. Accordingly, an additional 6,996 shares of stock were issued to award recipients on February 2, 2013 (the “2010 Additional Shares”). The total fair value of time-vested and performance-based restricted stock and RSUs that vested during the year ended December 31, 2015 was $1.4 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such shares was $0.5 million. The total fair value of the shares of time-vested and performance-based restricted stock that vested during the year ended December 31, 2014 and the 2011 Additional Shares was $3.6 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such shares was $1.2 million. The total fair value of the shares of time-vested and performance-based restricted stock that vested during the year ended December 31, 2013 and the 2010 Additional Shares was $4.1 million. The tax benefits for tax deductions realized from such shares was $1.4 million. The grant-date fair values of DSU awards granted to Non-employee Directors are determined using the closing price of Kemper common stock on the date of grant. DSU awards granted to Non-employee Directors are fully vested on the date of grant. The total fair value of DSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. 91 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 10. LONG-TERM EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION (Continued) Activity related to DSU awards for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. Vested Balance at Beginning of the Year............................................................................................. Granted and Vested.............................................................................................................................. Reduction for Shares Issued on Conversion ........................................................................................ Vested Balance at December 31, 2015................................................................................................. NOTE 11. INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS PER UNRESTRICTED SHARE Weighted- average Grant-date Fair Value Per DSU Number of DSUs 8,000 3,500 (4,500) 7,000 $ $ 34.52 38.38 34.94 36.17 The Company’s awards of restricted stock contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividends and participate in the undistributed earnings with common shareholders. The Company’s awards of RSUs and DSUs also contain rights to receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents and participate in the undistributed earnings with common shareholders. Accordingly, the Company is required to apply the two-class method of computing basic and diluted earnings per share. A reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of Basic Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share and Diluted Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Income from Continuing Operations ..................................................................................... $ Less Income from Continuing Operations Attributed to Participating Awards..................... Income from Continuing Operations Attributed to Unrestricted Shares ............................... Dilutive Effect on Income of Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares ..................... Diluted Income from Continuing Operations Attributed to Unrestricted Shares .................. $ 80.2 0.4 79.8 — 79.8 $ $ 112.6 0.5 112.1 — 214.5 1.1 213.4 — $ 112.1 $ 213.4 2015 2014 2013 SHARES IN THOUSANDS Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares Outstanding.............................................................. Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares .................................................................... Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares and Equivalent Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution............................................................................................................................... 51,606.9 76.6 53,762.5 105.4 56,856.9 126.7 51,683.5 53,867.9 56,983.6 PER UNRESTRICTED SHARE IN WHOLE DOLLARS $ Basic Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share ...................................... Diluted Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share ................................... $ 1.55 1.55 $ $ 2.08 2.08 $ $ 3.75 3.74 The number of shares of Kemper common stock that were excluded from the calculations of Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares and Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares and Equivalent Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 because the exercise prices for the options exceeded the average market price is presented below. SHARES IN THOUSANDS Equity-based Compensation Equivalent Shares .................................................................... Weighted-average Unrestricted Shares and Equivalent Shares Outstanding Assuming Dilution............................................................................................................................... 2015 959.7 2014 1,605.1 2013 2,080.9 959.7 1,605.1 2,080.9 92 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 12. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME The components of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes: 2015 2014 2013 Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) Arising During the Year Before Reclassification Adjustment .................................................................................................................... $ (151.9) $ Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income................................. Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses).................................................................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Arising During the Year Before Reclassification Adjustment.......................................................................................... Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments...................................................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs Arising During the Year....................... Amortization of Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs ................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .............................................................. (25.4) (177.3) (1.4) — (1.4) 3.0 23.1 26.1 Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes................................................. $ (152.6) $ 259.7 (25.1) 234.6 $ (324.9) (37.9) (362.8) (1.0) — (1.0) (106.4) 7.9 (98.5) 135.1 0.2 — 0.2 61.6 25.0 86.6 $ (276.0) The components of Other Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit (Expense) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Income Tax Benefit (Expense): 2015 2014 2013 Unrealized Holding Gains and Losses Arising During the Year Before Reclassification Adjustment .................................................................................................................... Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income.................................. Unrealized Holding Gains and Losses .............................................................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Arising During the Year Before Reclassification Adjustment.......................................................................................... Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income.................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment........................................................................ Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs Arising During the Year....................... Amortization of Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs.................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .............................................................. Other Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit (Expense) .......................................................... $ $ 53.9 8.9 62.8 0.5 — 0.5 (1.1) (8.0) (9.1) 54.2 The components of AOCI at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Unrealized Gains on Investments, Net of Income Taxes: Available for Sale Fixed Maturities with Portion of OTTI Recognized in Earnings........................... Other Net Unrealized Gains on Investments........................................................................................ Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments, Net of Income Taxes........................................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs, Net of Income Taxes................................................... Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ............................................................................................ $ (91.6) $ 8.8 (82.8) 115.9 13.2 129.1 0.4 — 0.4 37.5 (2.8) 34.7 (47.7) $ (0.1) — (0.1) (21.6) (8.8) (30.4) 98.6 2015 2014 1.4 211.7 (0.7) (88.1) 124.3 $ $ 2.8 324.8 0.2 (105.1) 222.7 $ $ $ 93 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 12. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) AND ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Continued) Components of AOCI were reclassified to the following lines of the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013: $ $ $ DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Reclassification of AOCI from Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available For Sale Securities to: Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments................................................................ Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings ......................................................... Total Before Income Taxes........................................................................................... Income Tax Expense .................................................................................................... Reclassification from AOCI, Net of Income Taxes...................................................... Reclassification of AOCI from Amortization of Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs to: Interest and Other Expenses ......................................................................................... Income Tax Benefit ...................................................................................................... Reclassification from AOCI, Net of Income Taxes...................................................... Total Reclassification from AOCI to Net Income.................................................................. NOTE 13. INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS Net Investment Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Investment Income (Loss): Interest and Dividends on Fixed Maturities ................................................................... Dividends on Equity Securities ...................................................................................... Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ............................................................... Fair Value Option Investments....................................................................................... Short-term Investments .................................................................................................. Loans to Policyholders ................................................................................................... Real Estate...................................................................................................................... Other............................................................................................................................... Total Investment Income....................................................................................................... Investment Expenses: Real Estate...................................................................................................................... Other Investment Expenses ............................................................................................ Total Investment Expenses.................................................................................................... Net Investment Income.......................................................................................................... $ 2015 2014 2013 $ 52.6 (27.2) 25.4 (8.9) 16.5 $ 37.9 (12.8) 25.1 (8.8) 16.3 51.8 (13.9) 37.9 (13.2) 24.7 (23.1) 8.0 (15.1) 1.4 $ (7.9) 2.8 (5.1) 11.2 $ (25.0) 8.8 (16.2) 8.5 2015 2014 2013 $ 236.2 32.4 19.0 0.2 0.4 21.1 11.9 — 321.2 11.3 7.3 18.6 $ 227.4 59.9 9.0 (0.7) 0.6 20.5 12.1 0.1 328.9 11.3 8.5 19.8 235.5 38.0 26.4 — 0.1 19.8 20.8 — 340.6 18.3 7.6 25.9 302.6 $ 309.1 $ 314.7 Other Receivables includes accrued investment income of $68.5 million and $65.5 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. 94 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 13. INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS (Continued) The components of Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: 2015 2014 2013 Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... $ Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. $ 16.1 (1.1) $ 7.0 (0.2) Equity Securities: Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. 39.2 (1.6) 33.1 (2.0) Equity Method Limited Liability Investments: Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... — — Real Estate: Gains on Sales................................................................................................................... Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. Other Investments: Gain on Sale of Subsidiary ............................................................................................... Gains on Other Sales ........................................................................................................ Losses on Sales ................................................................................................................. Net Gains (Losses) on Trading Securities ........................................................................ Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments......................................................................... $ Gross Gains on Sales ............................................................................................................. $ Gross Losses on Sales ........................................................................................................... Net Gains (Losses) on Trading Securities ............................................................................. Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments......................................................................... $ — (0.2) — — — (0.3) 52.1 55.3 (2.9) (0.3) 52.1 $ $ $ — (0.2) 1.6 — (0.1) (0.1) 39.1 41.7 (2.5) (0.1) 39.1 $ $ $ 30.9 (0.4) 21.8 (0.5) 2.5 44.2 — — 0.1 (0.1) 0.6 99.1 99.5 (1.0) 0.6 99.1 The components of Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities..................................................................................................................... $ Equity Securities.................................................................................................................... Real Estate ............................................................................................................................. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings................................................................... $ 2015 2014 2013 (11.5) $ (15.7) — (27.2) $ (5.7) $ (7.1) (2.4) (15.2) $ (10.3) (3.6) — (13.9) 95 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 14. INSURANCE EXPENSES Insurance Expenses for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Commissions ......................................................................................................................... $ General Expenses .................................................................................................................. Taxes, Licenses and Fees....................................................................................................... Total Costs Incurred .............................................................................................................. Policy Acquisition Costs: 2015 357.6 241.1 44.2 642.9 Deferred ............................................................................................................................ Amortized ......................................................................................................................... Net Policy Acquisition Costs Amortized (Deferred)............................................................. Life VIF, P & C VIF and P&C Customer Relationships Amortized..................................... Insurance Expenses ............................................................................................................... $ (270.6) 257.4 (13.2) 15.4 645.1 2014 324.6 258.1 38.9 621.6 (235.8) 235.4 (0.4) 7.2 628.4 $ $ 2013 345.7 257.1 42.8 645.6 (253.4) 253.9 0.5 8.3 654.4 $ $ Commissions for servicing policies are expensed as incurred, rather than deferred and amortized. NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES Current and Deferred Income Tax Assets at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Current Income Tax Assets........................................................................................................................ $ Deferred Income Tax Assets...................................................................................................................... Current and Deferred Income Tax Assets.................................................................................................. $ 2015 2014 9.5 31.9 41.4 $ $ — — — The components of Liabilities for Income Taxes at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Current Income Tax Liabilities ................................................................................................................. Deferred Income Tax Liabilities ............................................................................................................... Unrecognized Tax Benefits....................................................................................................................... Liabilities for Income Taxes...................................................................................................................... $ $ 2015 2014 — $ — 3.8 3.8 $ 7.8 21.5 7.2 36.5 96 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES (Continued) The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the Company’s Net Deferred Income Tax Assets and Deferred Income Tax Liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Deferred Income Tax Assets: 2015 2014 Insurance Reserves ............................................................................................................................... Unearned Premium Reserves ............................................................................................................... Tax Capitalization of Policy Acquisition Costs.................................................................................... Payroll and Employee Benefit Accruals............................................................................................... Net Operating Loss Carryforwards ...................................................................................................... Other..................................................................................................................................................... Total Deferred Income Tax Assets............................................................................................................ Deferred Income Tax Liabilities: Investments........................................................................................................................................... Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs ....................................................................................................... Life VIF and P&C Customer Relationships......................................................................................... Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Acquired.................................................................................. Depreciable Assets ............................................................................................................................... Other..................................................................................................................................................... Total Deferred Income Tax Liabilities...................................................................................................... Net Deferred Income Tax Assets (Liabilities)........................................................................................... $ $ 83.0 41.7 71.5 72.0 30.5 15.7 314.4 109.8 110.7 15.5 37.0 7.3 2.2 282.5 31.9 $ $ 78.7 35.5 73.0 74.0 31.7 9.8 302.7 160.1 106.1 17.7 28.4 7.4 4.5 324.2 (21.5) The expiration of federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards and their related deferred income tax assets at December 31, 2015 is presented below by year of expiration. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Expiring in: NOL Carry- forwards Deferred Tax Asset 2020 ...................................................................................................................................................... $ 2021 through 2025................................................................................................................................ 2026 through 2030................................................................................................................................ 2032 ...................................................................................................................................................... Total All Years........................................................................................................................................... $ 7.8 30.5 29.9 18.9 87.1 $ $ 2.7 10.7 10.5 6.6 30.5 Except for the NOL carryforward scheduled to expire in 2032, all of the NOL carryforwards were acquired in connection with business acquisitions made in prior years and are subject to annual usage limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. The Company expects to fully utilize these federal NOL carryforwards. The Company has not provided for Federal income taxes on $14.7 million of Mutual Savings Life’s income earned prior to 1984 which is not subject to income taxes under certain circumstances. Federal income taxes of $5.1 million would be paid on such income if it is distributed to shareholders in the future or if it does not continue to meet certain limitations. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Balance at Beginning of Year................................................................................................ Additions for Tax Positions of Current Period...................................................................... Additions for Tax Positions of Prior Years............................................................................ Reduction for Expiration of Federal Statute of Limitations.................................................. Balance at End of Year.......................................................................................................... $ $ 2015 2014 2013 7.2 0.2 — (3.6) 3.8 $ $ 6.8 0.1 0.3 — 7.2 $ $ 6.4 0.1 0.3 — 6.8 97 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES (Continued) The statute of limitations related to Kemper and its eligible subsidiaries’ consolidated Federal income tax returns is closed for all tax years up to and including 2011. The expiration of the statute of limitations related to the various state income tax returns that Kemper and its subsidiaries file varies by state. In the first quarter of 2015, the Company extended the federal statute of limitations for the 2007 through 2011 tax years until December 31, 2015. The extension was requested by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) to provide the Joint Committee on Taxation (“JCT”) additional time to complete a review required by statute. In the second quarter of 2015, the Company received a letter indicating that the JCT had completed its review and had taken no exception to the IRS’s conclusion to accept the tax returns as filed, effectively settling the extended years. Accordingly, the Company reduced its Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits by $3.6 million for accrued interest and recognized an income tax benefit of $2.3 million in the second quarter of 2015. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the Illinois Department of Revenue informed the Company that it intends to commence an examination of the Illinois Income Tax Returns for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013. The Company does not expect any material changes to the returns as originally filed. Unrecognized Tax Benefits at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 include $3.3 million, $3.4 million and $3.4 million, respectively, for tax positions for which the ultimate deductibility is highly certain but for which there is uncertainty about the timing of such deductibility. Because of the impact of deferred income tax accounting, other than for interest and penalties, the disallowance of the shorter deductibility period would not affect the effective income tax rate but would accelerate the payment of cash to the taxing authority to an earlier period. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits included accrued interest of $0.5 million, $3.8 million and $3.4 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Tax expense includes a net interest benefit of $3.3 million, interest expense of $0.4 million and interest expense of $0.4 million and related to unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The components of Income Tax Expense from Continuing Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Current Income Tax Expense ................................................................................................ $ Deferred Income Tax Benefit (Expense)............................................................................... (Increase) Decrease Unrecognized Tax Benefits................................................................... Income Tax Expense.............................................................................................................. $ 2015 2014 2013 (25.7) $ 2.2 3.4 (20.1) $ (41.7) $ (5.5) (0.4) (47.6) $ (49.4) (50.1) (0.4) (99.9) Net income taxes paid were $44.4 million, $37.2 million and $42.4 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. A reconciliation of the Statutory Federal Income Tax Expense and Rate to the Company’s Effective Income Tax Expense and Rate from Continuing Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Statutory Federal Income Tax Expense...................... $ Tax-exempt Income and Dividends Received Deduction ................................................................ Unrecognized Tax Benefit (Expense)......................... Indemnification Recoveries ........................................ State Income Taxes..................................................... Other, Net.................................................................... Effective Income Tax Expense from Continuing Operations ............................................................... 2015 2014 2013 Amount (35.1) Rate 35.0% $ Amount (56.1) Amount Rate 35.0% $ (110.0) Rate 35.0% 9.8 2.1 3.7 (0.6) — (9.7) (2.1) (3.6) 0.5 — 9.0 (0.3) — (0.6) 0.4 (5.6) — — 0.4 (0.1) 10.6 (0.3) — (0.2) — (3.4) — — 0.1 0.1 $ (20.1) 20.1% $ (47.6) 29.7% $ (99.9) 31.8% 98 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 15. INCOME TAXES (Continued) Comprehensive Income Tax Expense included in the Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Income Tax Expense: 2015 2014 2013 Continuing Operations...................................................................................................... Discontinued Operations .................................................................................................. Unrealized Depreciation (Appreciation) on Securities.......................................................... Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments on Investments ................................................. Tax Effects from Postretirement Benefit Plans ..................................................................... Tax Effects from Long-term Equity-based Compensation included in Paid-in Capital........ Comprehensive Income Tax Benefit (Expense).................................................................... $ $ (20.1) $ (3.1) 62.8 0.5 (9.1) (1.0) 30.0 $ (47.6) $ (1.1) (82.8) 0.4 34.7 (1.0) (97.4) $ (99.9) (1.7) 129.1 (0.1) (30.4) 0.2 (2.8) NOTE 16. PENSION BENEFITS The Company sponsors a qualified defined benefit pension plan (the “Pension Plan”). The Pension Plan covers approximately 9,300 participants and beneficiaries, of which 2,000 are active employees. The Pension Plan is closed to new employees hired after January 1, 2006. The Pension Plan is generally non-contributory, but participation requires or required some employees to contribute 3% of pay, as defined, per year. Benefits for participants who are or were required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on compensation during plan participation and the number of years of participation. Benefits for the vast majority of participants who are not required to contribute to the Pension Plan are based on years of service and final average pay, as defined. The Company funds the Pension Plan in accordance with the requirements of ERISA. Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets and Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year........................................................................................ Actual Return on Plan Assets.................................................................................................................... Benefits Paid ............................................................................................................................................. Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year................................................................................................... Projected Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year................................................................................... Service Cost .............................................................................................................................................. Interest Cost .............................................................................................................................................. Benefits Paid ............................................................................................................................................. Plan Amendments ..................................................................................................................................... Actuarial Losses (Gains) ........................................................................................................................... Projected Benefit Obligation at End of Year............................................................................................. Funded Status—Plan Assets in Excess (Deficit) of Projected Benefit Obligation ................................... Unamortized Amount Reported in AOCI at End of Year: $ 2015 543.0 (10.6) (24.9) 507.5 634.0 10.5 25.7 (24.9) — (47.5) 597.8 (90.3) $ 2014 524.5 41.7 (23.2) 543.0 515.5 8.7 24.8 (23.2) (0.6) 108.8 634.0 (91.0) $ $ Accumulated Actuarial Loss ................................................................................................................ Prior Service Credit .............................................................................................................................. Unamortized Amount Reported in AOCI at End of Year.......................................................................... $ (152.2) $ (178.6) 0.5 $ (151.8) $ (178.1) 0.4 Accumulated Benefit Obligation at End of Year....................................................................................... $ 573.9 $ 608.2 The measurement dates of the assets and liabilities at end of year presented in the preceding table under the headings, “2015” and “2014” were December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. 99 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 16. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued) The weighted-average discount rate and rate of increase in future compensation levels used to estimate the components of the Projected Benefit Obligation for the Pension Plan at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: Discount Rate ............................................................................................................................................ Rate of Increase in Future Compensation Levels ..................................................................................... 2015 4.47% 3.15 2014 4.10% 3.31 Weighted-average asset allocations for the Pension Plan at December 31, 2015 and 2014 by asset category were: ASSET CATEGORY Cash and Short-term Investments ............................................................................................................. Corporate Bonds and Notes ...................................................................................................................... Common and Preferred Stocks ................................................................................................................. Exchange Traded Funds............................................................................................................................ Other Assets .............................................................................................................................................. Total........................................................................................................................................................... 2015 2014 4% 28 43 9 16 100% 4% 29 43 12 12 100% The investment objective of the Pension Plan is to produce current income and long-term capital growth through a combination of equity and fixed income investments which, together with appropriate employer contributions and any required employee contributions, is adequate to provide for the payment of the benefit obligations of the Pension Plan. The assets of the Pension Plan may be invested in fixed income and equity investments or any other investment vehicle or financial instrument deemed appropriate. Fixed income investments may include cash and short-term instruments, U.S. Government securities, corporate bonds, mortgages and other fixed income investments. Equity investments may include various types of stock, such as large- cap, mid-cap and small-cap stocks, and may also include investments in investment companies, collective investment funds and Kemper common stock (subject to Section 407 and other requirements of ERISA). The Pension Plan has not invested in Kemper common stock. The trust investment committee for the Pension Plan, along with its third party fiduciary advisor, periodically reviews the performance of the Pension Plan’s investments and asset allocation. Several external investment managers, one of which is Fayez Sarofim & Co. (see Note 24, “Related Parties,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements), manage the equity investments of the trust for the Pension Plan. Each manager is allowed to exercise investment discretion, subject to limitations, if any, established by the trust investment committee for the Pension Plan. All other investment decisions are made by the Company, subject to general guidelines as set by the trust investment committee for the Pension Plan. The Company determines its Expected Long Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets based primarily on the Company’s expectations of future returns, with consideration to historical returns, for the Pension Plan’s investments, based on target allocations of the Pension Plan’s investments. 100 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 16. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued) Fair value measurements for the Pension Plan’s assets at December 31, 2015 are summarized below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities ......................................................... $ States and Political Subdivisions .......................... Corporate Bonds and Notes .................................. $ 19.2 — — — $ 3.2 122.2 — $ — — Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Common Stocks: Manufacturing .................................................. Other Industries ................................................ Other Equity Interests: Collective Investment Funds............................ Exchange Traded Funds ................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships................................................... Short-term Investments.............................................. Receivables and Other ............................................... Total ........................................................................... $ — 77.9 82.5 — 47.2 6.1 16.2 1.8 31.1 — — — — — — — 20.4 1.1 248.3 $ — — — 180.6 $ 78.2 — 0.4 78.6 $ 19.2 3.2 122.2 6.1 94.1 84.3 31.1 47.2 78.2 20.4 1.5 507.5 Additional information pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Pension Plan’s assets classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Balance at Beginning of Year............................................................................... Return on Plan Assets Held.................................................................................. Purchases, Sales and Settlements, Net................................................................. Balance at End of Year......................................................................................... Other Equity Interests Receivables and Other Total $ $ 64.5 (1.5) 15.2 78.2 $ $ 0.4 — — 0.4 $ $ 64.9 (1.5) 15.2 78.6 101 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 16. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued) Fair value measurements for the Pension Plan’s assets at December 31, 2014 are summarized below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities ......................................................... $ States and Political Subdivisions .......................... Corporate Bonds and Notes .................................. $ 18.4 — — — $ 3.3 136.6 — $ — — Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Common Stocks: Manufacturing .................................................. Other Industries ................................................ Other Equity Interests: Collective Investment Funds............................ Exchange Traded Funds ................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships................................................... Short-term Investments.............................................. Receivables and Other ............................................... Total ........................................................................... $ — 98.8 79.3 — 65.5 6.4 15.0 2.3 30.0 — — — — — — — 21.5 1.0 284.5 $ — — — 193.6 $ 64.5 — 0.4 64.9 $ 18.4 3.3 136.6 6.4 113.8 81.6 30.0 65.5 64.5 21.5 1.4 543.0 Additional information pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Pension Plan’s assets classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2014 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Balance at Beginning of Year................................................................................. Return on Plan Assets Held.................................................................................... Purchases, Sales and Settlements, Net ................................................................... Balance at End of Year........................................................................................... Other Equity Interests Receivables and Other Total $ $ 46.9 3.4 14.2 64.5 $ $ 0.5 — (0.1) 0.4 $ $ 47.4 3.4 14.1 64.9 The components of Comprehensive Pension Expense (Income) for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Service Cost Earned During the Year.................................................................................... $ Interest Cost on Projected Benefit Obligation....................................................................... Expected Return on Plan Assets............................................................................................ Amortization of Actuarial Loss ............................................................................................. Pension Expense Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income.................................. Unrecognized Pension Loss (Gain) Arising During the Year................................................ Prior Service Credit Arising During the Year........................................................................ Amortization of Accumulated Unrecognized Pension Loss.................................................. Comprehensive Pension Expense (Income) .......................................................................... $ 2015 2014 2013 $ 10.5 25.7 (35.0) 24.4 25.6 (1.9) — (24.4) (0.7) $ 8.7 24.8 (34.9) 9.7 8.3 102.0 (0.6) (9.7) 100.0 $ $ 10.8 22.4 (29.7) 26.2 29.7 (53.8) — (26.2) (50.3) 102 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 16. PENSION BENEFITS (Continued) The Company estimates that Pension Expense for the Pension Plan for the year ended December 31, 2016 will include expense of $11.8 million resulting from the amortization of the related accumulated actuarial loss included in AOCI at December 31, 2015. The weighted-average discount rate, rate of increase in future compensation levels and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used to develop the components of Pension Expense for the Pension Plan for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: Discount Rate ........................................................................................................................ Rate of Increase in Future Compensation Levels.................................................................. Expected Long Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets............................................................. 2015 4.10% 3.31 6.75 2014 4.90% 3.05 7.00 2013 4.05% 3.08 7.00 On September 3, 2013, the Company made a voluntary cash contribution of $55.0 million to the Pension Plan. The Company did not contribute to the Pension Plan in 2015 or 2014. The Company does not expect that it will be required to contribute to the Pension Plan in 2016, but could make a voluntary contribution pursuant to the maximum funding limits under ERISA. The following benefit payments (net of participant contributions), which consider expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid from the Pension Plan: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Estimated Pension Benefit Payments ......................... $ 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 26.3 $ 27.7 $ 29.1 $ 30.3 $ 31.5 2021-2025 174.4 $ Years Ending December 31, The Company also sponsors a non-qualified supplemental defined benefit pension plan (the “Supplemental Plan”). The unfunded liability related to the Supplemental Plan was $30.4 million and $31.0 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Pension expense for the Supplemental Plan was $2.1 million, $1.8 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. An actuarial gain of $1.5 million before taxes, an actuarial loss of $7.0 million before taxes and an actuarial gain of $1.5 million before taxes are included in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company also sponsors several defined contribution benefit plans covering most of its employees. The Company made contributions to those plans of $7.8 million, $7.3 million and $7.3 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. 103 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 17. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS The Company sponsors an other than pension postretirement employee benefit plan (“OPEB”) that provides medical, dental and/or life insurance benefits to approximately 500 retired and 250 active employees (the “OPEB Plan”). The Company generally is self-insured for the benefits under the OPEB Plan. The medical plan generally provides for a limited number of years of medical insurance benefits at retirement based on the participant’s attained age at retirement and number of years of service until specified dates and generally requires participant contributions, with most contributions adjusted annually. Changes in Fair Value of Plan Assets and Changes in Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year........................................................................................ Employer Contributions ............................................................................................................................ Plan Participants’ Contributions................................................................................................................ Benefits Paid ............................................................................................................................................. Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year................................................................................................... Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year.................................................... Service Cost .............................................................................................................................................. Interest Cost .............................................................................................................................................. Plan Participants’ Contributions................................................................................................................ Benefits Paid ............................................................................................................................................. Medicare Part D Subsidy Received .......................................................................................................... Actuarial Loss (Gain)................................................................................................................................ Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at End of Year.............................................................. Funded Status—Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets ................... $ $ 2015 2014 — $ 3.4 1.2 (4.6) — 31.1 0.2 1.0 1.2 (4.6) 0.3 0.4 29.6 (29.6) $ — 3.4 1.2 (4.6) — 35.1 0.2 1.1 1.2 (4.6) 0.1 (2.0) 31.1 (31.1) Unamortized Actuarial Gain Reported in AOCI at End of Year............................................................... $ 16.8 $ 18.6 The measurement dates of the assets and liabilities at end of year in the preceding table under the headings “2015” and “2014” were December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The weighted-average discount rate and rate of increase in future compensation levels used to develop the components of the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: Discount Rate ............................................................................................................................................ Rate of Increase in Future Compensation Levels ..................................................................................... 2015 3.70% 2.64 2014 3.40% 2.68 The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2015 was 7.0% for 2016, gradually declining to 5.0% in the year 2024 and remaining at that level thereafter for medical benefits and 11.0% for 2016, gradually declining to 5.0% in the year 2024 and remaining at that level thereafter for prescription drug benefits. The assumed health care cost trend rate used in measuring the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2014 was 8.0% for 2015, gradually declining to 5.0% in the year 2023 and remaining at that level thereafter for medical benefits and 7.5% for 2015, gradually declining to 5.0% in the year 2023 and remaining at that level thereafter for prescription drug benefits. A one-percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate for each year would have increased the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2015 by $1.5 million and 2015 OPEB expense by $0.1 million. A one- percentage point increase in the assumed health care cost trend rate for each year would have increased the Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation at December 31, 2014 by $1.7 million and 2014 OPEB expense by $0.1 million. 104 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 17. POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS OTHER THAN PENSIONS (Continued) The components of Comprehensive OPEB Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Service Cost Earned During the Year.................................................................................... $ Interest Cost on Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation ........................................ Amortization of Actuarial Gain............................................................................................. OPEB Expense (Income) Recognized in Consolidated Statements of Income..................... Unrecognized OPEB Loss (Gain) Arising During the Year.................................................. Amortization of Accumulated Unrecognized OPEB Gain.................................................... Comprehensive OPEB Expense (Income)............................................................................. $ 2015 2014 2013 0.2 1.0 (1.4) (0.2) 0.4 1.4 1.6 $ $ $ 0.2 1.1 (1.8) (0.5) (2.0) 1.8 (0.7) $ 0.2 1.2 (1.2) 0.2 (6.2) 1.2 (4.8) The Company estimates that OPEB Expense for the year ended December 31, 2016 will include income of $1.3 million resulting from the amortization of the related accumulated actuarial gain included in AOCI at December 31, 2015. The weighted-average discount rate and rate of increase in future compensation levels used to develop OPEB Expense for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: Discount Rate ........................................................................................................................ Rate of Increase in Future Compensation Levels.................................................................. 2015 3.40% 2.68 2014 4.00% 2.10 2013 3.15% 2.10 The Company expects to contribute $3.3 million, net of the expected Medicare Part D subsidy, to its OPEB Plan to fund benefit payments in 2016. The following benefit payments (net of participant contributions), which consider expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Estimated Benefit Payments: 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021-2025 Years Ending December 31, Excluding Medicare Part D Subsidy...................... $ Expected Medicare Part D Subsidy ....................... Net Estimated Benefit Payments ................................ $ 3.6 (0.3) 3.3 $ $ 3.6 (0.3) 3.3 $ $ 3.5 (0.3) 3.2 $ $ 3.4 (0.3) 3.1 $ $ 3.2 (0.3) 2.9 $ $ 13.5 (1.5) 12.0 NOTE 18. BUSINESS SEGMENTS The Company is engaged, through its subsidiaries, in the property and casualty insurance and life and health insurance businesses. The Company conducts its operations through two operating segments: Property & Casualty Insurance and Life & Health Insurance. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s principal products are personal automobile insurance, both standard and nonstandard risks, homeowners insurance, other personal insurance and commercial automobile insurance. These products are distributed primarily through independent agents and brokers. The Life & Health Insurance segment’s principal products are individual life, accident, health and property insurance. These products are distributed by career agents employed by the Company and independent agents and brokers. The Company’s earned premiums are derived in the United States. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 2, “Summary of Accounting Policies and Accounting Changes,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Capital expenditures for long-lived assets by operating segment are immaterial. It is the Company’s management practice to allocate certain corporate expenses, primarily compensation costs for corporate employees and related facility costs, included in Interest and Other Expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Income to its insurance operations. The amount of such allocated corporate expenses was $43.4 million, $42.1 million and $39.7 million for 105 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 18. BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Continued) the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company does not allocate Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments, Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings, interest expense on debt or postretirement benefit plans, and actuarial gains and losses on its postretirement benefit plans to its operating segments. Segment Assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance ................................................................................................................. Life & Health Insurance............................................................................................................................ Corporate and Other, Net .......................................................................................................................... Total Assets............................................................................................................................................... 2015 $ 2,749.0 4,733.9 553.2 $ 8,036.1 2014 $ 2,486.1 4,810.6 536.7 $ 7,833.4 Earned Premiums by product line for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Personal Automobile ............................................................................................................. $ 1,027.7 286.3 Homeowners.......................................................................................................................... 122.1 Other Personal Property and Casualty Insurance .................................................................. 54.5 Commercial Automobile ....................................................................................................... 374.1 Life ........................................................................................................................................ 144.9 Accident and Health .............................................................................................................. $ 2,009.6 Total Earned Premiums ......................................................................................................... 2015 $ 2014 831.4 312.4 127.4 54.8 387.6 148.6 $ 1,862.2 $ 2013 959.1 326.2 134.1 52.3 392.7 161.4 $ 2,025.8 Segment Revenues, including a reconciliation to Total Revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Segment Revenues: Property & Casualty Insurance: 2015 2014 2013 Earned Premiums.............................................................................................................. Net Investment Income..................................................................................................... Other Income .................................................................................................................... Total Property & Casualty Insurance.................................................................................. Life & Health Insurance: $ 1,415.2 73.3 0.6 1,489.1 $ 1,249.5 72.7 0.5 1,322.7 $ 1,392.9 90.9 0.5 1,484.3 594.4 Earned Premiums.............................................................................................................. 214.2 Net Investment Income..................................................................................................... 2.4 Other Income .................................................................................................................... 811.0 Total Life & Health Insurance............................................................................................. 2,300.1 Total Segment Revenues ....................................................................................................... 52.1 Net Realized Gains on the Sales of Investments ................................................................... (27.2) Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings................................................................... 15.8 Other ...................................................................................................................................... Total Revenues ...................................................................................................................... $ 2,340.8 612.7 218.7 0.9 832.3 2,155.0 39.1 (15.2) 17.7 $ 2,196.6 632.9 209.9 0.2 843.0 2,327.3 99.1 (13.9) 14.0 $ 2,426.5 106 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 18. BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Continued) Segment Operating Profit, including a reconciliation to Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Segment Operating Profit: 2015 2014 2013 Property & Casualty Insurance ........................................................................................... $ Life & Health Insurance...................................................................................................... Total Segment Operating Profit............................................................................................. Corporate and Other Operating Loss..................................................................................... Total Operating Profit............................................................................................................ Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments......................................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings................................................................... Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt.............................................................................. Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes .................................................. $ 23.7 109.7 133.4 (48.9) 84.5 52.1 (27.2) (9.1) 100.3 $ $ 27.1 141.9 169.0 (32.7) 136.3 39.1 (15.2) — 160.2 $ $ 139.6 136.9 276.5 (47.3) 229.2 99.1 (13.9) — 314.4 Segment Net Operating Income, including a reconciliation to Income from Continuing Operations, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Segment Net Operating Income: 2015 2014 2013 Property & Casualty Insurance ........................................................................................... $ Life & Health Insurance...................................................................................................... Total Segment Net Operating Income................................................................................... Corporate and Other Net Operating Loss.............................................................................. Consolidated Net Operating Income ..................................................................................... Net Income (Loss) From: Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments ...................................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings ................................................................ Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt ........................................................................... Income from Continuing Operations..................................................................................... $ 26.7 71.7 98.4 (28.5) 69.9 33.9 (17.7) (5.9) 80.2 $ $ 24.9 91.8 116.7 (19.6) 97.1 25.4 (9.9) — 112.6 $ $ 100.6 89.3 189.9 (30.7) 159.2 64.4 (9.1) — 214.5 Amortization of Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs by Operating Segment for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance.............................................................................................. $ Life & Health Insurance ........................................................................................................ Total Amortization................................................................................................................. $ 2015 213.1 44.3 257.4 2014 187.5 47.9 235.4 $ $ 2013 207.2 46.7 253.9 $ $ 107 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 19. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS The Company accounts for its former Unitrin Business Insurance operations as discontinued operations. Summary financial information included in Income from Discontinued Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS Income from Discontinued Operations before Income Taxes: 2015 2014 2013 Change in Estimate of Retained Liabilities Arising from Discontinued Operations....... Income Tax Expense............................................................................................................. Income from Discontinued Operations................................................................................. $ 8.6 (3.1) 5.5 Income from Discontinued Operations Per Unrestricted Share: $ Basic ................................................................................................................................... Diluted................................................................................................................................ $ 0.10 0.10 3.0 (1.1) 1.9 0.04 0.04 $ $ $ 4.9 (1.7) 3.2 0.06 0.06 $ $ $ In 2008, the Company sold its Unitrin Business Insurance operations. The Company retained Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves for unpaid insured losses that occurred prior to the date of the sale. Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves reported in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets include $50.3 million and $69.3 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, for the retained liabilities. In accordance with GAAP, changes in the Company’s estimate of such retained liabilities after the sale are reported as a separate component of the results of discontinued operations. See Note 6, “Property and Casualty Insurance Reserves,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements. NOTE 20. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE Catastrophes and natural disasters are inherent risks of the property and casualty insurance business. These catastrophic events and natural disasters include, without limitation, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, hailstorms, wildfires, high winds and winter storms. Such events result in insured losses that are, and will continue to be, a material factor in the results of operations and financial position of the Company’s property and casualty insurance companies. Further, because the level of these insured losses occurring in any one year cannot be accurately predicted, these losses may contribute to material year-to-year fluctuations in the results of operations and financial position of these companies. Specific types of catastrophic events are more likely to occur at certain times within the year than others. This factor adds an element of seasonality to property and casualty insurance claims. The Company has adopted the industry-wide catastrophe classifications of storms and other events promulgated by ISO to track and report losses related to catastrophes. ISO classifies a disaster as a catastrophe when the event causes $25.0 million or more in direct insured losses to property and affects a significant number of policyholders and insurers. ISO-classified catastrophes are assigned a unique serial number recognized throughout the insurance industry. The discussions that follow utilize ISO’s definition of catastrophes. The Company manages its exposure to catastrophes and other natural disasters through a combination of geographical diversification, restrictions on the amount and location of new business production in certain regions, and reinsurance. To limit its exposures to catastrophic events, the Company maintains various catastrophe reinsurance programs for its property and casualty insurance businesses. 108 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 20. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE (Continued) Coverage for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program effective January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 is provided in various layers as presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance Segment: Catastrophe Losses and LAE In Excess of Up to Percentage of Coverage Retained ...................................................................................................................... $ 1st Layer of Coverage................................................................................................. 2nd Layer of Coverage ............................................................................................... — $ 50.0 150.0 50.0 150.0 350.0 —% 95.0 95.0 Coverage for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program effective January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 is provided in various layers as presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Catastrophe Losses and LAE In Excess of Up to Retained ...................................................................................................................... $ 1st Layer of Coverage................................................................................................. 2nd Layer of Coverage ............................................................................................... 3rd Layer of Coverage ................................................................................................ — $ 50.0 100.0 200.0 50.0 100.0 200.0 400.0 Percentage of Coverage —% 95.0 95.0 95.0 Coverage for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s primary catastrophe reinsurance program effective January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 is provided in various layers as presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance Segment: Catastrophe Losses and LAE In Excess of Up to Percentage of Coverage Retained ...................................................................................................................... $ 1st Layer of Coverage................................................................................................. 2nd Layer of Coverage ............................................................................................... 3rd Layer of Coverage ................................................................................................ 4th Layer of Coverage ................................................................................................ — $ 50.0 100.0 200.0 350.0 50.0 100.0 200.0 350.0 450.0 —% 65.0 95.0 90.0 50.0 The catastrophe reinsurance program for the Property & Casualty Insurance segment in 2013 also included reinsurance coverage, under a policy that expired on June 1, 2013, for catastrophe losses in North Carolina at retentions lower than those presented in the preceding table. In the event that the Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s incurred catastrophe losses and LAE covered by any of its catastrophe reinsurance programs presented in the three preceding tables exceed the retention for that particular layer, each of the programs required one reinstatement of such coverage. In such an instance, the Property & Casualty Insurance segment is required to pay a reinstatement premium to the reinsurers to reinstate the full amount of reinsurance available under such layer. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment’s catastrophe reinsurance in 2015, 2014 and 2013 also included reinsurance coverage from the FHCF for hurricane losses in Florida at retentions lower than those described above. The Life & Health Insurance also purchases reinsurance from the FHCF for hurricane losses in Florida. Except for the coverage provided by the FHCF, the Life & Health Insurance segment has not carried any other catastrophe reinsurance since 2012, primarily due to actions taken by the Life & Health Insurance segment to reduce its exposures to catastrophes. 109 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 20. CATASTROPHE REINSURANCE (Continued) Reinsurance premiums for the Company’s primary catastrophe reinsurance programs, the NC Program and the FHCF Program reduced earned premiums for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 by the following: DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance.............................................................................................. $ Life & Health Insurance ........................................................................................................ Total Ceded Catastrophe Reinsurance Premiums.................................................................. $ 2015 2014 2013 12.8 0.1 12.9 $ $ 17.6 0.1 17.7 $ $ 23.6 — 23.6 Catastrophe losses and LAE (including reserve development), net of reinsurance recoveries, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 by business segment are presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Property & Casualty Insurance.............................................................................................. $ Life & Health Insurance ........................................................................................................ Total Catastrophe Losses and LAE ....................................................................................... $ 2015 2014 2013 56.6 3.9 60.5 $ $ 80.7 3.1 83.8 $ $ 34.6 1.6 36.2 Total catastrophe loss and LAE reserves, net of reinsurance recoverables, developed favorably by $7.8 million, $14.7 million and $14.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Property & Casualty Insurance segment reported favorable catastrophe reserve development of $7.9 million, $15.8 million and $12.5 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Life & Health Insurance segment reported adverse catastrophe reserve development of $0.1 million in 2015, adverse catastrophe reserve development of $1.1 million in 2014 and favorable catastrophe reserve development of $2.0 million in 2013. The process of estimating and establishing reserves for catastrophe losses is inherently uncertain and the actual ultimate cost of a claim, net of actual reinsurance recoveries, may vary materially from the estimated amount reserved. The Company’s estimates of direct catastrophe losses are generally based on inspections by claims adjusters and historical loss development experience for areas that have not been inspected or for claims that have not yet been reported. The Company’s estimates of direct catastrophe losses are based on the coverages provided by its insurance policies. The Company’s homeowners and dwelling insurance policies do not provide coverage for losses caused by floods, but generally provide coverage for physical damage caused by wind or wind-driven rain. Accordingly, the Company’s estimates of direct losses for homeowners and dwelling insurance do not include losses caused by flood. Depending on the policy, automobile insurance may provide coverage for losses caused by flood. Estimates of the number and severity of claims ultimately reported are influenced by many variables, including, but not limited to, repair or reconstruction costs and determination of cause of loss that are difficult to quantify and will influence the final amount of claim settlements. All these factors, coupled with the impact of the availability of labor and material on costs, require significant judgment in the reserve setting process. A change in any one or more of these factors is likely to result in an ultimate net claim cost different from the estimated reserve. The Company’s estimates of indirect losses from wind pools and joint underwriting associations are based on a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, actual or estimated assessments provided by or received from such entities, insurance industry estimates of losses, and estimates of the Company’s market share in the assessable states. Actual assessments may differ materially from these estimated amounts. 110 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 21. OTHER REINSURANCE In addition to the reinsurance programs described in Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Kemper’s insurance subsidiaries utilize other reinsurance arrangements to limit their maximum loss, provide greater diversification of risk and to minimize exposures on larger risks. The ceding of insurance does not discharge the primary liability of the original insurer. Accordingly, insurance reserve liabilities are reported gross of any estimated recovery from reinsurers in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts recoverable from reinsurers are estimated in a manner consistent with the insurance reserve liability and are included in Other Receivables in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Earned Premiums ceded on long-duration and short-duration policies were $20.6 million, $26.0 million and $33.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, of which $12.9 million, $17.7 million and $23.6 million, respectively, was related to catastrophe reinsurance. See Note 20, “Catastrophe Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s catastrophe reinsurance programs. Certain insurance subsidiaries assume business from other insurance companies and involuntary pools. Earned Premiums assumed on long- duration and short-duration policies were $60.0 million, $57.1 million and $52.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Trinity and Capitol County Mutual Fire Insurance Company (“Capitol”) are parties to a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Trinity assumes 100% of the business written by Capitol, subject to a cap, for ceded losses for dwelling coverage. Earned Premiums assumed by Trinity from Capitol were $21.8 million, $21.9 million and $22.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Capitol is a mutual insurance company and, accordingly, is owned by its policyholders. Trinity and Old Reliable Casualty Company (“ORCC”), a subsidiary of Capitol, are parties to a quota share reinsurance agreement whereby Trinity assumes 100% of the business written by ORCC, subject to a cap for ceded losses for dwelling coverage. Earned Premiums assumed by Trinity from ORCC were $6.5 million, $6.7 million and $7.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Five employees of the Company serve as directors of Capitol’s five member board of directors. Nine employees of the Company also serve as directors of ORCC’s nine member board of directors. Kemper’s subsidiary, United Insurance, provides claims and administrative services to Capitol and ORCC. In addition, agents appointed by Kemper’s subsidiary, The Reliable Life Insurance Company, and who are employed by United Insurance, are also appointed by Capitol and ORCC to sell property insurance products for the Company’s Life & Health Insurance segment. The Company also provides certain investment services to Capitol and ORCC. 111 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 22. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS The Company classifies its Investments in Fixed Maturities and Equity Securities as available for sale and reports these investments at fair value. The Company has elected the fair value option method of accounting for investments in certain hedge funds and, accordingly, reports these investments at fair value. The Company classifies certain investments in mutual funds included in Other Investments as trading securities and reports these investments at fair value. The Company has no material liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value. The valuation of assets measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015 is summarized below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: Fair Value Measurements Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities ......................................................... States and Political Subdivisions .......................... Corporate Securities: $ Bonds and Notes............................................... Redeemable Preferred Stocks........................... Collateralized Loan Obligations....................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed.................. Total Investments in Fixed Maturities ....................... Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Other Industries ................................................ Common Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Other Industries ................................................ Other Equity Interests: Exchange Traded Funds ................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships................................................... Total Investments in Equity Securities ...................... Fair Value Option Investments: Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships Hedge Funds ................................ Other Investments: $ 124.9 — $ 195.7 1,622.6 — $ — — — — — 124.9 — — 16.6 0.6 177.1 — 194.3 2,376.5 — — 1.4 4,196.2 79.8 6.2 6.6 0.8 — — 93.4 436.3 3.8 87.3 3.8 531.2 5.1 12.8 — 12.1 — 205.5 235.5 320.6 1,622.6 2,812.8 3.8 87.3 5.2 4,852.3 84.9 19.0 23.2 13.5 177.1 205.5 523.2 — — 164.5 164.5 Trading Securities ................................................. Total ........................................................................... $ 4.7 323.9 $ — 4,289.6 $ — 931.2 $ 4.7 5,544.7 At December 31, 2015, the Company had unfunded commitments to invest an additional $107.6 million in certain limited liability investment companies and limited partnerships that will be included in Other Equity Interests when funded. 112 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 22. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) The valuation of assets measured at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2014 is summarized below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Fixed Maturities: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) Fair Value Measurements Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) Fair Value U.S. Government and Government Agencies and Authorities ......................................................... States and Political Subdivisions .......................... Corporate Securities: $ Bonds and Notes............................................... Redeemable Preferred Stocks........................... Collateralized Loan Obligations....................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed.................. Total Investments in Fixed Maturities ....................... Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks: Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Other Industries ................................................ Common Stocks: Manufacturing .................................................. Finance, Insurance and Real Estate.................. Other Industries ................................................ Other Equity Interests: Exchange Traded Funds ................................... Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships................................................... Total Investments in Equity Securities ...................... Fair Value Option Investments: Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships Hedge Funds ................................ Other Investments: $ 129.2 — $ 216.3 1,477.1 — $ — — — — — 129.2 — — 50.9 34.8 24.2 202.7 — 312.6 2,517.9 — — 1.5 4,212.8 84.7 3.4 5.7 0.1 0.7 — — 94.6 360.6 6.7 64.4 3.9 435.6 5.0 16.4 0.6 5.6 11.2 — 186.2 225.0 345.5 1,477.1 2,878.5 6.7 64.4 5.4 4,777.6 89.7 19.8 57.2 40.5 36.1 202.7 186.2 632.2 — — 53.3 53.3 Trading Securities ................................................. Total ........................................................................... $ 4.9 446.7 $ — 4,307.4 $ — 713.9 $ 4.9 5,468.0 The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 1 in the two preceding tables primarily consist of U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities that are classified as Level 1 in the two preceding tables consist either of investments in publicly-traded common stocks or exchange traded funds. The Company’s investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 2 in the two preceding tables primarily consist of investments in corporate bonds, obligations of states and political subdivisions, and bonds and mortgage-backed securities of U.S. government agencies. The Company’s investments in Equity Securities that are classified as Level 2 in the two preceding tables primarily consist of investments in preferred stocks. The Company uses a leading, nationally recognized provider of market data and analytics to price the vast majority of the Company’s Level 2 measurements. The provider utilizes evaluated pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information. Because many fixed maturity securities do not trade on a daily basis, the provider’s evaluated pricing applications apply available information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing to prepare evaluations. In addition, the provider uses model processes to develop prepayment and interest rate scenarios. The pricing provider’s models and processes also take into account market convention. For each asset class, teams of its evaluators gather information from market sources and integrate relevant credit information, perceived market movements and sector news into the evaluated pricing 113 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 22. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) applications and models. The Company generally validates the measurements obtained from its primary pricing provider by comparing them with measurements obtained from one additional pricing provider that provides either prices from recent market transactions or quotes in inactive markets or evaluations based on its own proprietary models. The Company investigates significant differences related to the values provided. On completion of its investigation, management exercises judgment to determine the price selected and whether adjustments, if any, to the price obtained from the Company’s primary pricing provider would warrant classification of the price as Level 3. In instances where a measurement cannot be obtained from either pricing provider, the Company generally will evaluate bid prices from one or more binding quotes obtained from market makers to value investments in inactive markets and classified by the Company as Level 2. The Company generally classifies securities when it receives non-binding quotes or indications as Level 3 securities unless the Company can validate the quote or indication against recent transactions in the market. The Company’s Investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 3 in the two preceding tables primarily consist of privately placed securities not rated by a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization and are priced primarily using a market yield approach. A market yield approach uses a risk-free rate plus a credit spread depending on the underlying credit profile of the security. For floating rate securities, the risk-free rate used in the market yield is the contractual floating rate of the security. For each individual security, the Company or the Company’s third party appraiser gathers information from market sources, relevant credit information, perceived market movements and sector news and determines an appropriate market yield for each security. The market yield selected is then used to discount the estimated future cash flows of the security to determine the fair value. The Company separately evaluates market yields based upon asset class to assess the reasonableness of the recorded fair value. For non-investment-grade Investments in Fixed Maturities that are classified as Level 3, the two primary asset classes are senior debt and junior debt. Senior debt includes those securities that receive first priority in a liquidation and junior debt includes any fixed maturity security with other than first priority in a liquidation. The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments in corporate securities classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2015. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Investment-grade ........................................................................ Market Yield Non-investment-grade: Unobservable Input Total Fair Value 98.7 $ Range of Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Yield 2.6% - 6.9% 4.4% Senior Debt ............................................................................ Market Yield Junior Debt............................................................................. Market Yield Collateralized Loan Obligations ................................................. Market Yield Other ........................................................................................... Various Total Fixed Maturity Investments in Corporate Securities......... 114.2 216.3 87.3 14.7 $ 531.2 5.9 8.2 3.1 - - - 15.3 26.2 10.8 10.4 13.6 6.1 The table below presents quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs utilized by the Company in determining fair values for fixed maturity investments in corporate securities classified as Level 3 at December 31, 2014. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Investment-grade ........................................................................ Market Yield Non-investment-grade: Unobservable Input Total Fair Value 107.0 $ Range of Unobservable Inputs Weighted Average Yield 2.8% - 6.9% 3.9% Senior Debt ............................................................................ Market Yield Junior Debt............................................................................. Market Yield Collateralized Loan Obligations ................................................. Market Yield Other ........................................................................................... Various Total Fixed Maturity Investments in Corporate Securities......... 92.7 149.9 64.4 21.6 $ 435.6 3.8 8.2 2.7 - - - 14.5 21.0 8.1 10.6 13.4 5.2 114 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 22. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) For an investment in a fixed maturity security, an increase in the yield used to determine the fair value of the security will decrease the fair value of the security. A decrease in the yield used to determine fair value will increase the fair value of the security, but the fair value increase is generally limited to par, unless callable at a premium, if the security is currently callable. The Company’s other investments that are classified as Level 3 primarily consist of Limited Liability Companies and Limited Partnerships, but also certain Preferred Stocks and Common Stocks. The Company either uses valuations provided by third party fund managers, third party appraisers, or that are generated internally. These valuations typically employ various valuation techniques commonly used in the industry, including earnings multiples based on comparable public securities, industry-specific non-earnings based multiples, market yields based on comparable public securities and discounted cash flow models. Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below. DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Balance at Beginning of Year................................ Total Gains (Losses): Included in Consolidated Statements of Income . Included in Other Comprehensive Income.. Purchases............................. Settlements .......................... Sales .................................... Transfers into Level 3 ......... Transfers out of Level 3 ...... Balance at End of Year........ Fixed Maturities Equity Securities Corporate Bonds and Notes Redeemable Preferred Stocks Collateralized Loan Obligations Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed Preferred and Common Stocks Other Equity Interests Fair Value Option Total $ 360.6 $ 6.7 $ 64.4 $ 3.9 $ 38.8 $ 186.2 $ 53.3 $ 713.9 (9.4) (7.4) 241.5 (65.5) (73.6) — (10.0) 436.2 $ $ (1.6) (0.7) — (0.6) — — — 3.8 $ 0.6 — (2.6) (5.1) 0.2 (17.9) (2.2) 39.5 (7.5) (7.5) — — 87.3 $ (0.1) 1.3 (0.1) (1.2) — — 3.8 $ 1.4 8.1 (0.7) (5.0) — (9.9) 30.1 $ 0.3 60.0 (40.0) — 4.1 — 205.5 111.0 — (8.7) 461.4 — (114.4) (87.3) — 4.1 — (19.9) $ 931.2 — $ 164.5 The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 or Levels 1 and 3 for the year ended December 31, 2015. All of the $4.1 million transfers into Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2015, relate to an investment that changed from an Equity Method Limited Liability investment to Other Equity Interest at Fair Value. All other transfers out of Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2015 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. 115 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 22. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued) Information by security type pertaining to the changes in the fair value of the Company’s investments classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2014 is presented below. Fixed Maturities Equity Securities Corporate Bonds and Notes Redeemable Preferred Stocks Collateralized Loan Obligations Other Mortgage- and Asset- backed Preferred and Common Stocks Other Equity Interests Fair Value Option Total DOLLARS IN MILLIONS Balance at Beginning of Year ............................... $ 364.1 $ 7.4 $ 44.7 $ 4.5 $ 32.1 $ 173.9 $ — $ 626.7 Total Gains (Losses): Included in Consolidated Statement of Income ... Included in Other Comprehensive Income.. Purchases............................. Settlements .......................... Sales .................................... Transfers into Level 3 ......... Transfers out of Level 3 ...... Balance at End of Year........ (3.4) 5.1 201.4 (126.4) (79.0) — (1.2) 360.6 $ $ — (0.1) — (0.6) — — — 6.7 $ 0.2 (1.0) 26.1 — (5.6) — — 64.4 $ 0.1 0.1 — (0.8) — — — 3.9 $ 1.1 0.5 8.9 (4.5) (2.2) 3.6 (0.7) 38.8 2.7 2.2 (0.7) — — 6.8 53.0 (39.8) (5.8) — — $ 186.2 $ 58.0 347.4 — (172.1) (96.6) 3.6 (1.9) $ 713.9 (4.0) — — 53.3 The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels as of the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 or Levels 1 and 3 for the year ended December 31, 2014. The transfers into Level 3 and out of Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2014 were due to changes in the availability of market observable inputs. The fair value of Debt is estimated using quoted prices for similar liabilities in markets that are not active. The inputs used in the valuation are considered Level 2 measurements. The fair value of Short-term Investments is estimated using inputs that are considered Level 1 or Level 2 measurements. NOTE 23. CONTINGENCIES In the ordinary course of its businesses, the Company is involved in legal proceedings, including lawsuits, regulatory examinations and inquiries. Except with regard to the matters discussed below, based on currently available information, the Company does not believe that it is reasonably possible that any of its pending legal proceedings will have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Over the last several years, certain state insurance regulators, legislators, treasurers/controllers, and their respective agents have aggressively pursued an array of initiatives that seek, in various ways, to impose new duties on life insurance companies to proactively search for deaths of their insureds and contact the insureds’ beneficiaries even though such beneficiaries may not have submitted claims, including due proof of death, as required under the terms of regulator-approved policy forms. These initiatives together comprise a set of circumstances involving potential changes in the law or changes in the interpretation of existing laws that could have the effect of altering the terms of Kemper’s life insurance subsidiaries’ (the “Life Companies”) existing life insurance contracts by imposing new requirements that did not exist and were not contemplated at the time the Life Companies entered into such contracts. Legislation and related litigation. One type of initiative involves legislation (the “DMF Statutes”). DMF Statutes have been enacted in nine states, with varying effective dates, that require life insurance companies to compare on a regular basis their records for all in-force policies (including policies issued prior to the effective dates of the DMF Statute) against the database of reported deaths maintained by the Social Security Administration or a comparable database (a “Death Master File” or “DMF”). In contrast, four other states have enacted DMF Statutes that also require such comparisons, but exempt life insurance companies, like the Life Companies, that have not previously utilized a Death Master File, and instead only require that such companies conduct DMF comparisons for policies issued and delivered in each of those states after the DMF Statute’s effective date. Six additional states have enacted DMF Statutes that require comparisons, but only with respect to policies issued on or after their respective effective dates, without regard to prior DMF use. With respect to those DMF Statutes that apply retroactively and would likely have an adverse effect on the Company’s operations and financial 116 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 23. CONTINGENCIES (Continued) position, the Life Companies filed declaratory judgment actions challenging the application of such statutes to policies issued prior to the subject DMF Statute’s effective date: • • In November 2012, certain of the Life Companies filed an action in Kentucky state court, asking the court to construe the Kentucky DMF Statute to apply only prospectively, i.e., only to life insurance policies issued in Kentucky on or after the effective date of the Kentucky DMF Statute, consistent with what the Life Companies believe are the requirements of applicable Kentucky statutory law, the Kentucky Constitution and the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution. In April 2013, the trial court held that the Kentucky DMF Statute does apply to life insurance policies issued before the statute’s January 1, 2013 effective date. The subject Life Companies appealed and in August 2014, in a unanimous opinion, the Kentucky Court of Appeals reversed the trial court and held that the Kentucky DMF statute fell within Kentucky’s statutory presumption against retroactive laws. Therefore, the Court ruled, the Kentucky DMF Statute can only apply to policies issued on or after January 1, 2013. The Kentucky Department of Insurance sought review of this ruling by the Supreme Court of Kentucky, which granted discretionary review in August 2015. In February 2016, the Department of Insurance requested that its appeal be dismissed and this request was granted, thus concluding the litigation. Consequently, the Kentucky DMF Statute is deemed to apply to policies issued on or after January 1, 2013. In July 2013, certain of the Life Companies filed an action in state court in Maryland, asking the court to construe the Maryland DMF Statute to apply only prospectively, consistent with what the Life Companies believe are the requirements of Maryland’s common law presumption against retroactive application of new laws, the Maryland Constitution and the Contract Clause of the United States Constitution. The Maryland Insurance Administration (the “MIA”) filed a motion to dismiss, contending that the subject Life Companies were required to exhaust their administrative remedies before filing an action in court. In March 2014, the trial court granted the MIA’s motion and the Life Companies appealed that ruling. The Maryland appellate courts declined to stay enforcement of the Maryland DMF Statute pending the appeal and the Life Companies are complying with that statute while they pursue an appeal. The Life Companies’ appeal was denied by the Maryland Court of Special Appeals in October 2015 and the Life Companies have requested review by Maryland’s highest court, the Court of Appeals. Unclaimed property compliance audits and related litigation. A second type of initiative involves an unclaimed property compliance audit of the Life Companies (the “Treasurers’ Audit”) being conducted by a private audit firm (the “Audit Firm”) retained by the treasurers/controllers of more than thirty states and related litigation. In July 2013, the California State Controller (the “CA Controller”) filed a complaint for injunctive relief against the Life Companies in state court in California, seeking an order requiring the Life Companies to produce all of their in-force policy records to the Audit Firm to enable the firm to perform a comparison of such records against a DMF and to ascertain whether any of the insureds under such policies may be deceased; as described below, the Life Companies have filed a counterclaim in this case. In December 2013, the CA Controller filed a motion for preliminary injunction seeking the same injunctive relief; that motion was continued until the California Court of Appeal ruled in a similar case involving an unaffiliated insurance company (the “ANICO Appeal”). In July 2014, the trial court granted a motion by the CA Controller to stay the litigation against the Life Companies pending a decision in the ANICO Appeal. In March 2015, the California Court of Appeal reversed the order granting the preliminary injunction to the CA Controller in the ANICO Appeal. In light of the result in the ANICO Appeal, the stay of the litigation involving the Life Companies was lifted and the CA Controller withdrew its motion for preliminary injunction; discovery activity has resumed and the matter is set for trial in early 2017. Pending the outcome of this litigation, the Life Companies have not produced their in- force policy records to the CA Controller. In October 2015, certain of the Life Companies filed a complaint for injunctive and other relief in state court in Illinois seeking a declaration that the Treasurer of the State of Illinois (the “IL Treasurer”) lacks the authority to compel those Life Companies to produce all in-force policy records to the Audit Firm, which is also a named defendant. In this litigation, the Life Companies further assert that life insurance proceeds become unclaimed property subject to escheat to Illinois five years after the insurer receives a claim and proof of death or the insured attains the mortality limiting age, and not five years after the date of the insured’s death. This complaint was filed in connection with the Treasurers’ Audit and in response to a demand by the IL Treasurer that the Life Companies produce all in-force policy records. Examinations by insurance regulators and related litigation. A third type of initiative involves examinations by state insurance regulators. The Life Companies are the subject of a pending multi-state market conduct examination by five state insurance regulators that is focused on the Life Companies’ claim settlement and policy administration practices, and specifically their compliance with state unclaimed property statutes (the “Multi-State Exam”). The Multi-State Exam originated in June 2012 as 117 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 23. CONTINGENCIES (Continued) a single-state examination by the Illinois Department of Insurance (the “IDOI”). Insurance regulators from five additional states - California, Florida, New Hampshire, North Dakota and Pennsylvania - joined the examination in May 2013 (New Hampshire withdrew in 2014). In July 2013, the Life Companies received requests from the IDOI, as managing lead state for the Multi- State Exam, for a significant volume of information beyond that which the Life Companies had already produced, including the records of all in-force policies and other information of the type previously requested by the Audit Firm as part of the Treasurers’ Audit and which is the subject of the CA Controller’s litigation. This request by the IDOI prompted the litigation in Illinois and other states described below. In September 2013, certain of the Life Companies filed declaratory judgment actions against insurance regulators in the states of California, Florida, Illinois and Pennsylvania, asking the courts in those states to declare that applicable law does not require life insurers to search a DMF to ascertain whether insureds are deceased. These complaints also asked the courts to declare that regulators in those states do not have the legal authority to (i) obtain life insurers’ policy records for the purpose of comparing those records against a DMF, and/or (ii) impose payment obligations on life insurers before a claim and due proof of death have been submitted by policy beneficiaries or the insured reaches the mortality limiting age specified therein. The action in California was filed as a cross-complaint to the CA Controller’s complaint and joined the California Insurance Commissioner and the Audit Firm as defendants. In December 2015, the Life Companies voluntarily dismissed the litigation against the IDOI after that department agreed to withdraw the request for records of all in-force policies and advised the Life Companies that it intended to proceed with a single-state market conduct exam without use of a DMF. At least one or more of the states remaining in the Multi-State Exam are expected to continue with the pending Multi-State Exam The actions against the insurance regulators in the states of Florida and Pennsylvania were stayed by agreement of the parties pending resolution of the action with the IDOI and may resume in 2016. Pending resolution of the litigation arising from the Multi-State Exam, the Life Companies have not produced their in-force policy records in connection with the Multi-State Exam. Conclusion. The results of the aforementioned legislative actions, Treasurers’ Audit, Multi-State Exam and the related litigation cannot currently be predicted. The Life Companies continue to maintain that states lack the legal authority to establish new requirements that would effectively change the terms of existing life insurance contracts with regard to basic claims handling obligations and processes. If state officials are able to impose such new requirements retroactively upon the Life Companies’ existing life insurance policies, it will fundamentally alter the nature and timing of the Life Companies’ responsibilities under such policies by eliminating the effect of contractual terms that condition claim settlement and payment on the receipt of a claim, including “due proof of death” of an insured. The outcomes of the various initiatives and related litigation could result in changes in the law that could effectively alter the terms of the Life Companies’ existing life insurance contracts by imposing new requirements that have a significant impact on, including acceleration of, the Life Companies’ payment and/or escheatment of policy benefits, and materially increase claims handling costs. Any attempt to predict the ultimate outcomes (including any estimate of the resulting effect on the Life Companies claim liabilities and reserves for future policy benefits) of these efforts to change the law would entail predicting on a state-by-state-basis numerous uncertainties including, but not limited to: • How many states eventually enact laws, interpret existing laws or take other action to require the use of a DMF or may exact such usage through regulation, examinations or audits; • The matching criteria to be used in comparing records of the Life Companies against a DMF; • The universe of policies affected; • Whether and to what extent any such laws would be applied retroactively; and • The results of unclaimed property audits, examinations and other actions by state insurance regulators and litigation, including challenges to the constitutionality of laws purporting to have retroactive application. Due to the complexity and multi-jurisdictional nature of this issue, as well as the indeterminate number of potential outcomes and their uncertain effects on the Life Companies’ business, Kemper cannot reasonably estimate the amount of loss or other economic effect that it would recognize if the Life Companies were subjected to requirements of the types described in this Note on a retroactive basis. 118 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 24. RELATED PARTIES Mr. Christopher B. Sarofim, a director of Kemper, is Vice Chairman and a member of the board of directors of Fayez Sarofim & Co. (“FS&C”), a registered investment advisory firm. FS&C provided investment management services with respect to certain assets of Kemper’s subsidiary, Trinity, under an agreement between the parties. Trinity had $85.8 million and $154.7 million in assets managed by FS&C at December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. In 2014, Trinity began reducing the amount of assets managed by FS&C. Trinity completed the disposal of all the assets managed by FS&C in 2015. Investment Expenses incurred in connection with such agreement were $0.1 million, $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. FS&C also provides investment management services with respect to certain funds of the Company’s Pension Plan. The Company’s Pension Plan had $137.2 million, $159.2 million and $148.6 million in assets managed by FS&C at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, under an agreement with FS&C whereby FS&C provides investment management services. Investment Expenses incurred in connection with such agreement were $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. With respect to the Company’s defined contribution plans, until November 4, 2014, one of the alternative investment choices afforded to participating employees was the Dreyfus Appreciation Fund, an open-end, diversified managed investment fund. FS&C provides investment management services to the Dreyfus Appreciation Fund as a sub-investment advisor. The Company does not compensate FS&C for services provided to the Dreyfus Appreciation Fund. Participants in the Company’s defined contribution plans had allocated $22.8 million for investment in the Dreyfus Appreciation Fund at December 31, 2013, representing 6% of the total amount invested in the Company’s defined contribution plans at such dates. The Company believes that the transactions described above have been provided on terms no less favorable to the Company than could have been negotiated with non-affiliated third parties. As described in Note 21, “Other Reinsurance,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company also has certain relationships with Capitol, a mutual insurance company which is owned by its policyholders, and its subsidiary, ORCC. 119 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 25. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unaudited) DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS Revenues: Earned Premiums......................................................................... Net Investment Income................................................................ Other Income ............................................................................... Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments............................... Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses: Total Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses..................... Portion of Losses Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income................................................................................. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings......................... Total Revenues................................................................................. Expenses: Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses............................................................... Insurance Expenses ..................................................................... Write-off of Long-lived Asset ..................................................... Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt.................................... Interest and Other Expenses ........................................................ Total Expenses.................................................................................. Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes.. Income Tax Benefit (Expense)......................................................... Income from Continuing Operations................................................ Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations ................................. Net Income ....................................................................................... Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ............................................................................................ Diluted ......................................................................................... Net Income Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ............................................................................................ Diluted ......................................................................................... Dividends Paid to Shareholders Per Share ....................................... Three Months Ended (Unaudited) Mar 31, 2015 Jun 30, 2015 Sep 30, 2015 Dec 31, 2015 Year Ended Dec 31, 2015 $ 431.3 $ 500.1 $ 536.7 $ 541.5 $ 2,009.6 70.6 0.9 3.4 76.7 0.6 34.0 75.9 0.8 5.3 79.4 1.4 9.4 302.6 3.7 52.1 (7.0) (2.2) (3.3) (14.9) (27.4) — (7.0) 499.2 297.7 144.9 — 9.1 29.7 481.4 17.8 (4.3) 13.5 — — (2.2) 609.2 375.1 162.1 11.1 — 26.6 574.9 34.3 (6.9) 27.4 2.3 13.5 $ 29.7 $ — (3.3) 615.4 378.8 161.1 — — 25.7 565.6 49.8 (11.8) 38.0 (0.1) 37.9 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 $ $ $ $ $ 0.53 0.53 0.57 0.57 0.24 $ $ $ $ $ 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.24 0.2 (14.7) 617.0 0.2 (27.2) 2,340.8 416.0 177.0 — — 25.6 618.6 (1.6) 2.9 1.3 3.3 4.6 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.09 0.24 1,467.6 645.1 11.1 9.1 107.6 2,240.5 100.3 (20.1) 80.2 5.5 85.7 1.55 1.55 1.65 1.65 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The sum of quarterly per share amounts does not equal per share amounts for the year due to differences in weighted-average shares and/or equivalent shares outstanding for each of the periods presented. 120 Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued) NOTE 25. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Unaudited) (Continued) DOLLARS IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS Revenues: Earned Premiums......................................................................... Net Investment Income................................................................ Other Income ............................................................................... Net Realized Gains on Sales of Investments............................... Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses: Total Other-than-temporary Impairment Losses..................... Portion of Losses Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income................................................................................. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings......................... Total Revenues................................................................................. Expenses: Policyholders’ Benefits and Incurred Losses and Loss Adjustment Expenses............................................................... Insurance Expenses ..................................................................... Write-off Long-lived Asset.......................................................... Interest and Other Expenses ........................................................ Total Expenses.................................................................................. Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes............. Income Tax Benefit (Expense)......................................................... Income from Continuing Operations................................................ Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations ................................. Net Income ....................................................................................... Income from Continuing Operations Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ............................................................................................ Diluted ......................................................................................... Net Income Per Unrestricted Share: Basic ............................................................................................ Diluted ......................................................................................... Dividends Paid to Shareholders Per Share ....................................... Three Months Ended (Unaudited) Mar 31, 2014 Jun 30, 2014 Sep 30, 2014 Dec 31, 2014 Year Ended Dec 31, 2014 $ 477.6 $ 470.3 $ 462.8 $ 451.5 $ 1,862.2 71.1 0.1 6.6 72.6 0.2 3.5 72.3 0.5 8.0 93.1 0.6 21.0 309.1 1.4 39.1 (0.8) (4.1) (3.8) (6.5) (15.2) — (0.8) 554.6 327.9 152.1 — 22.7 502.7 51.9 (16.7) 35.2 (0.1) 35.1 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.24 $ $ $ $ $ $ — (4.1) 542.5 347.5 161.3 — 22.5 531.3 11.2 (1.9) 9.3 — 9.3 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.24 $ $ $ $ $ $ — (3.8) 539.8 300.5 158.6 54.6 22.1 535.8 4.0 0.8 4.8 (0.1) 4.7 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.24 $ $ $ $ $ $ — (6.5) 559.7 — (15.2) 2,196.6 285.8 156.4 — 24.4 466.6 93.1 (29.8) 63.3 2.1 65.4 1.20 1.20 1.24 1.24 0.24 1,261.7 628.4 54.6 91.7 2,036.4 160.2 (47.6) 112.6 1.9 114.5 2.08 2.08 2.12 2.12 0.96 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ The sum of quarterly per share amounts does not equal per share amounts for the year due to differences in weighted-average shares and/or equivalent shares outstanding for each of the periods presented. 121 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm TO THE SHAREHOLDERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF KEMPER CORPORATION We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Kemper Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in Item 15. We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. As described in the Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting, management excluded from its assessment the internal control over financial reporting at Alliance United, which was acquired on April 30, 2015 and whose financial statements constitute 7% of consolidated assets, 12% of consolidated revenues, and -14% of consolidated net income as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. Accordingly, our audit did not include the internal control over financial reporting at Alliance United. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedules, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions. A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Kemper Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Chicago, Illinois February 12, 2016 122 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure. Not Applicable Item 9A. Controls and Procedures. Disclosure Controls and Procedures The Company’s management, with participation of Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by Kemper in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms, and accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including Kemper’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Changes in Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting On April 30, 2015, Kemper completed its acquisition of Alliance United, at which time the acquired companies became Kemper subsidiaries. See Note 3, “Acquisition of Business,” to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of Part I of this Form 10-K for further details of the transaction. The Company is currently in the process of assessing Alliance United’s material internal controls over financial reporting. Other than in connection with this acquisition, there have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting We, as management of the Company, are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, a company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that: • • • Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. Management has evaluated the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the control criteria established in a report entitled Internal Control—Integrated Framework, issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on such evaluation, we have concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective as of December 31, 2015. In conducting our assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, we have excluded the Alliance United Group and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Alliance United”), which were acquired on April 30, 2015, as permitted by the guidance issued by the Office of the Chief Accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Alliance United’s financial statements constituted 7% of consolidated assets, 12% of consolidated revenues, and -14% of consolidated net income as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. The independent registered public accounting firm of Deloitte & Touche LLP, as auditors of the consolidated financial statements of Kemper and its subsidiaries, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of management’s internal control 123 over financial reporting based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework, issued in 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. /S/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR. Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Kemper Corporation February 12, 2016 /S/ FRANK J. SODARO Frank J. Sodaro Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kemper Corporation Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting The attestation report of the independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is included in Item 8 under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” and is incorporated herein by reference. Item 9B. Other Information. None 124 Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance. PART III The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers,” “Ownership of Kemper Common Stock” and “Corporate Governance” in the Proxy Statement for Kemper’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Kemper plans to file such proxy statement within 120 days after December 31, 2015, the end of Kemper’s fiscal year. Kemper’s code of ethics applicable to its chief executive officer, chief financial officer and principal accounting officer (“Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Executives”) is posted in the “Governance” section of Kemper’s website, kemper.com. Kemper also intends to disclose any future amendments to, and any waivers from (though none are anticipated), the Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Executives in the “Governance” section of its website. Item 11. Executive Compensation. The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Executive Compensation,” “Executive Officer Compensation and Benefits,” “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Proxy Statement for Kemper’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Compensation Committee Report to be included in such Proxy Statement shall be deemed to be furnished in this report and shall not be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act as a result of such furnishing in this Item 11. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. The information required by this Item is set forth in the table below and incorporated herein by reference to the section captioned “Ownership of Kemper Common Stock” in the Proxy Statement for Kemper’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Equity Compensation Plan Information Plan Category Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders............................................... Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders............................................... Total..................................................................... Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans or Programs (1) 1,428,157 $ — 1,428,157 $ 39.75 — 39.75 7,636,921 — 7,636,921 (1) Includes 538,500 shares reserved for future grants based on the achievement of performance goals under the terms of outstanding performance-based restricted stock and performance-based RSU awards. Kemper’s Omnibus Plan permits various stock-based awards including, but not limited to, stock options, stock appreciation rights, DSUs, time-vested restricted stock and RSUs, and performance-based restricted stock and RSUs. The design of the Omnibus Plan provides for fungible use of shares to determine the number of shares available for future grants, with a fungible conversion factor of three to one, such that the Share Authorization will be reduced at two different rates, depending on the type of award granted. Each share of Kemper common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options or stock appreciation rights will reduce the number of shares available for future grant under the Share Authorization by one share, while each share of Kemper common stock issued pursuant to “full value awards” will reduce the number of shares available for future grant under the Share Authorization by three shares. “Full value awards” are awards, other than stock options or stock appreciation rights, that are settled by the issuance of shares of Kemper common stock and include restricted stock, RSUs, DSUs, if settled with stock, and other stock-based awards. 125 Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence. The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the sections captioned “Related Person Transactions” and “Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement for Kemper’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services. The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to the section captioned “Independent Registered Public Accountant” in the Proxy Statement for Kemper’s 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. 126 Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules. (a) Documents filed as part of this Report PART IV 1. Financial Statements. The consolidated balance sheets of Kemper and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows and shareholders’ equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, together with the notes thereto and the report of Deloitte & Touche LLP thereon appearing in Item 8 are included in this 2015 Annual Report. 2. Financial Statement Schedules. The following four financial statement schedules are included on the pages immediately following the signature pages hereof. Schedules not listed here have been omitted because they are not applicable or not material or the required information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Schedule I Investments Other Than Investments in Related Parties Schedule II Parent Company Financial Statements Schedule III Supplementary Insurance Information Schedule IV Reinsurance Schedule The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, with regards to the Financial Statement Schedules listed above, is incorporated by reference to the Report of Independent Registered Public Accountant included in Item 8. 3. Exhibits. An Exhibit Index has been filed as part of this report on pages E-1 through E-4. (b) Exhibits. Included in Item 15(a)3 above (c) Financial Statement Schedules. Included in Item 15(a)2 above 127 POWER OF ATTORNEY Each person whose signature appears below on the following page hereby appoints each of Joseph P. Lacher, Jr., President and Chief Executive Officer, Frank J. Sodaro, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Richard Roeske, Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer, so long as such individual remains an executive officer of Kemper Corporation, his true and lawful attorney-in-fact with authority together or individually to execute in the name of each such signatory, and with authority to file with the SEC, any and all amendments to this 2015 Annual Report of Kemper Corporation, together with any and all exhibits thereto and other documents therewith, necessary or advisable to enable Kemper Corporation to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any rules, regulations, and requirements of the SEC in respect thereof, which amendments may make such other changes in the 2015 Annual Report as the aforesaid attorney-in-fact executing the same deems appropriate. SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Kemper Corporation has duly caused this 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on February 12, 2016. KEMPER CORPORATION (Registrant) By: /S/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR. Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President, Chief Executive Officer and Director 128 Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Kemper Corporation in the capacities indicated on February 12, 2016. Signature /S/ ROBERT J. JOYCE Robert J. Joyce /S/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR. Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. /S/ FRANK J. SODARO Frank J. Sodaro /S/ RICHARD ROESKE Richard Roeske /S/ GEORGE N. COCHRAN George N. Cochran /S/ KATHLEEN M. CRONIN Kathleen M. Cronin /S/ DOUGLAS G. GEOGA Douglas G. Geoga /S/ CHRISTOPHER B. SAROFIM Christopher B. Sarofim /S/ DAVID P. STORCH David P. Storch Chairman of the Board and Director Title President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (principal executive officer) Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer) Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (principal accounting officer) Director Director Director Director Director 129 KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES INVESTMENTS OTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES DECEMBER 31, 2015 (Dollars in Millions) SCHEDULE I Amortized Cost Fair Value Amount Carried in Balance Sheet Fixed Maturities: Bonds and Notes: United States Government and Government Agencies and Authorities.............. States and Political Subdivisions ......................................................................... Corporate Securities: Other Bonds and Notes ................................................................................... Redeemable Preferred Stocks ......................................................................... Collateralized Loan Obligations ..................................................................... Other Mortgage- and Asset-backed................................................................. Total Investments in Fixed Maturities........................................................................... Equity Securities: Preferred Stocks........................................................................................................ Common Stocks........................................................................................................ Other Equity Interests ............................................................................................... Total Investments in Equity Securities.......................................................................... Fair Value Option Investments...................................................................................... Equity Method Limited Liability Investments at Cost Plus Cumulative Undistributed Earnings .............................................................................................. Loans, Real Estate and Other Investments .................................................................... Short-term Investments ................................................................................................. Total Investments........................................................................................................... $ 298.0 1,513.7 $ 320.6 1,622.6 $ 320.6 1,622.6 2,651.5 3.7 90.0 3.8 4,560.7 97.9 28.3 360.7 486.9 164.5 2,812.8 3.8 87.3 5.2 4,852.3 103.9 36.7 382.6 523.2 164.5 2,812.8 3.8 87.3 5.2 4,852.3 103.9 36.7 382.6 523.2 164.5 190.6 443.2 255.7 $ 6,101.6 XXX.X XXX.X XXX.X 190.6 443.2 255.7 6,429.5 $ See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH I-1 KEMPER CORPORATION PARENT COMPANY BALANCE SHEETS (Dollars in Millions) SCHEDULE II December 31, 2015 2014 ASSETS Investments in Subsidiaries ....................................................................................................................... $ 2,586.6 15.1 Fixed Maturities at Fair Value (Amortized Cost: 2015 – $15.1; 2014 – $12.2)........................................ 10.9 Equity Securities at Fair Value (Cost: 2015 – $11.1; 2014 – $21.9)......................................................... 164.5 Fair Value Option Investments.................................................................................................................. 134.8 Short-term Investments ............................................................................................................................. 15.9 Cash ........................................................................................................................................................... 5.7 Other Receivables...................................................................................................................................... — Current and Deferred Income Taxes.......................................................................................................... 6.1 Other Assets............................................................................................................................................... Total Assets................................................................................................................................................ $ 2,939.6 LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY Senior Notes Payable, 6.00% due 2017 (Fair Value: 2015 – $374.0; 2014 – $390.2).............................. $ Senior Notes Payable, 6.00% due 2015 (Fair Value: 2014 – $260.2)....................................................... Senior Notes Payable, 4.35% due 2025 (Fair Value: 2015 – $248.3)....................................................... Subordinated Debentures due 2054 (Fair Value: 2015 – $159.0; 2014 – $154.0).................................... Liabilities for Income Taxes...................................................................................................................... Liabilities for Benefit Plans....................................................................................................................... Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities ................................................................................................... Total Liabilities.......................................................................................................................................... Shareholders’ Equity: 359.1 — 247.4 144.1 33.3 154.8 8.5 947.2 $ 2,677.5 12.2 21.8 53.3 225.1 17.9 6.9 4.7 5.6 $ 3,025.0 $ 358.5 249.5 — 144.1 14.5 160.2 7.5 934.3 5.1 Common Stock ..................................................................................................................................... 654.0 Additional Paid-in Capital .................................................................................................................... 1,209.0 Retained Earnings................................................................................................................................. 124.3 Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income........................................................................................ 1,992.4 Total Shareholders’ Equity........................................................................................................................ Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity................................................................................................ $ 2,939.6 5.2 660.1 1,202.7 222.7 2,090.7 $ 3,025.0 See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH II-1 KEMPER CORPORATION PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Dollars in Millions) For The Years Ended December 31, 2014 2015 2013 Net Investment Income.......................................................................................................... $ Net Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales of Investments .......................................................... Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings................................................................... Total Revenues ...................................................................................................................... Interest Expense..................................................................................................................... Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt.............................................................................. Other Operating Expenses..................................................................................................... Total Operating Expenses...................................................................................................... Loss before Income Taxes and Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries.................................. Income Tax Benefit ............................................................................................................... Loss before Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries................................................................ Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries.................................................................................... Net Income ............................................................................................................................ $ 1.7 (0.1) (1.6) — 47.3 9.1 17.6 74.0 (74.0) 26.5 (47.5) 133.2 85.7 $ $ 0.9 (0.2) (1.7) (1.0) 47.9 — 2.7 50.6 (51.6) 18.9 (32.7) 147.2 114.5 $ $ 0.2 0.6 — 0.8 39.0 — 21.6 60.6 (59.8) 20.8 (39.0) 256.7 217.7 See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH II-2 KEMPER CORPORATION PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Dollars in Millions) For The Years Ended December 31, 2014 2015 114.5 2013 217.7 85.7 $ $ Net Income ............................................................................................................................ $ Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses) Arising During the Year: Securities Held by Subsidiaries ................................................................................... Securities Held by Parent............................................................................................. Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income: Securities Held by Subsidiaries ................................................................................... Securities Held by Parent............................................................................................. Unrealized Holding Gains (Losses).................................................................................. Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs Arising During the Year.............................. Amortization of Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .......................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .............................................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments...................................................................... Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments...................................................................... Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) before Income Taxes ................................................. Income Tax Benefit (Expense): Unrealized Holding Gains and Losses Arising During the Year: (150.4) (1.5) (26.9) 1.5 (177.3) 3.0 23.1 26.1 (1.4) — (1.4) (152.6) Securities Held by Subsidiaries ................................................................................... Securities Held by Parent............................................................................................. 53.4 0.5 Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income: Securities Held by Subsidiaries ................................................................................... Securities Held by Parent............................................................................................. Unrealized Holding Gains and Losses.............................................................................. Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs Arising During the Year.............................. Amortization of Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .......................................... Net Unrecognized Postretirement Benefit Costs .............................................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments...................................................................... Reclassification Adjustment for Amounts Included in Net Income................................. Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments...................................................................... Income Tax Benefit (Expense).............................................................................................. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).................................................................................... Total Comprehensive Income (Loss)..................................................................................... $ 9.4 (0.5) 62.8 (1.1) (8.0) (9.1) 0.5 — 0.5 54.2 (98.4) (12.7) $ See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH II-3 261.7 (2.0) (324.9) — (26.8) 1.7 234.6 (106.4) 7.9 (98.5) (1.0) — (1.0) 135.1 (92.3) 0.7 9.4 (0.6) (82.8) 37.5 (2.8) 34.7 0.4 — 0.4 (47.7) 87.4 201.9 $ (37.9) — (362.8) 61.6 25.0 86.6 0.2 — 0.2 (276.0) 115.9 — 13.2 — 129.1 (21.6) (8.8) (30.4) (0.1) — (0.1) 98.6 (177.4) 40.3 KEMPER CORPORATION PARENT COMPANY STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Dollars in Millions) For The Years Ended December 31, 2014 2015 2013 Operating Activities: Net Income........................................................................................................................ $ Adjustment Required to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash Provided by Operations: 85.7 $ 114.5 $ 217.7 Equity in Net Income of Subsidiaries .......................................................................... Cash Dividends from Subsidiaries............................................................................... Cash Contribution to Defined Benefit Plan ................................................................. Net Realized (Gains) Losses on Sales of Investments................................................. Net Impairment Losses Recognized in Earnings ......................................................... Loss from Early Extinguishment of Debt .................................................................... Other, Net..................................................................................................................... Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities........................................................................... Investing Activities: Capital Contributed to Subsidiary .................................................................................... Capital Distribution from Subsidiary................................................................................ Sales, Paydowns and Maturities of Fixed Maturities ....................................................... Purchases of Fixed Maturities .......................................................................................... Sales of Equity Securities ................................................................................................. Sales of Fair Value Option Investments............................................................................ Purchases of Fair Value Option Investments.................................................................... Acquisition of Business .................................................................................................... Change in Short-term Investments ................................................................................... Net Cash Provided (Used) by Investing Activities................................................................ Financing Activities: Net Proceeds from Issuance of Debt ................................................................................ Repayments of Debt ......................................................................................................... Cash Dividends Paid......................................................................................................... Common Stock Repurchases ............................................................................................ Cash Exercise of Stock Options ....................................................................................... Excess Tax Benefits on Share Based Awards................................................................... Net Cash Used by Financing Activities................................................................................. Increase (Decrease) in Cash .................................................................................................. Cash, Beginning of Year........................................................................................................ Cash, End of Year.................................................................................................................. $ (133.2) 285.0 — 0.1 1.6 9.1 41.6 289.9 (105.0) — 11.8 (14.8) 9.4 — (111.0) (71.0) 90.3 (190.3) 247.3 (258.8) (49.7) (45.0) 3.9 0.7 (101.6) (2.0) 17.9 15.9 $ (147.2) 159.1 — 0.2 1.7 — 10.5 138.8 — 1.1 11.5 — 15.1 6.9 (60.9) — (94.3) (120.6) 144.0 — (51.8) (114.0) 0.5 0.2 (21.1) (2.9) 20.8 17.9 $ (256.7) 95.0 (55.0) (0.6) — — 67.3 67.7 — 50.5 — — — — — — 52.7 103.2 — — (54.9) (100.4) 1.7 1.3 (152.3) 18.6 2.2 20.8 See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH II-4 I I I E L U D E H C S I S E I R A D I S B U S D N A N O I T A R O P R O C R E P M E K N O I T A M R O F N I E C N A R U S N I Y R A T N E M E L P P U S 1 3 r e b m e c e D t A , 1 3 r e b m e c e D d e d n E r a e Y ) s n o i l l i M n i s r a l l o D ( d e n r a e n U s m u i m e r P e c n a r u s n I s e v r e s e R d e r r e f e D y c i l o P n o i t i s i u q c A s t s o C r e h t O e c n a r u s n I s e s n e p x E n o i t a z i t r o m A d e r r e f e D f O y c i l o P n o i t i s i u q c A s t s o C e c n a r u s n I s m i a l C d n a - y c i l o P ’ s r e d l o h s t i f e n e B t e N t n e m t s e v n I e m o c n I r e h t O e m o c n I s n e t t i r W m u i m e r P s d e n r a E m u i m e r P 1 . 6 8 5 $ 5 . 0 0 8 $ 7 . 0 8 — 0 . 7 2 1 . 3 1 6 — 2 . 7 2 7 . 9 0 5 $ $ 1 . 7 5 — 2 . 6 4 3 , 3 7 . 5 3 2 8 . 3 0 2 , 4 $ 4 . 6 1 3 3 . 8 7 — 1 . 1 5 6 $ 2 . 8 7 2 . 8 7 2 , 3 1 . 5 2 2 $ $ $ 0 . 5 5 1 7 . 5 7 2 ) 9 . 2 4 ( 8 . 7 8 3 2 . 6 6 1 1 . 8 6 2 ) 3 . 1 4 ( 9 . 6 3 5 $ 6 . 7 0 0 , 4 $ 3 . 3 0 3 $ 0 . 3 9 3 2 . 8 6 1 5 . 1 7 2 ) 2 . 9 3 ( $ 1 . 3 1 2 $ 2 . 6 8 0 , 1 $ 3 . 3 7 $ $ $ $ — 3 . 4 4 4 . 7 5 2 — 9 . 7 4 5 . 7 8 1 4 . 5 3 2 — 7 . 6 4 2 . 7 0 2 $ $ $ $ — 3 . 1 8 3 1 . 5 1 2 . 4 1 2 5 . 7 6 4 , 1 $ 6 . 2 0 3 — 3 . 7 8 8 4 . 4 7 3 $ 7 . 2 7 7 . 7 1 7 . 8 1 2 7 . 1 6 2 , 1 $ 1 . 9 0 3 — 3 . 9 6 9 9 . 7 8 3 $ 9 . 0 9 9 . 3 1 9 . 9 0 2 $ $ $ $ $ 5 . 0 0 4 $ 9 . 3 5 2 $ 2 . 7 5 3 , 1 $ 7 . 4 1 3 $ 6 . 0 4 . 2 7 . 0 7 . 3 5 . 0 9 . 0 — 4 . 1 5 . 0 2 . 0 1 . 0 8 . 0 $ 2 . 6 0 4 , 1 $ 2 . 5 1 4 , 1 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e c n a r u s n I y t l a u s a C & y t r e p o r P $ $ $ $ $ A N / A N / A N / — 4 . 4 9 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 1 ( e c n a r u s n I h t l a e H & e f i L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r e h t O 6 . 9 0 0 , 2 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l a t o T 1 . 9 8 1 , 1 $ 5 . 9 4 2 , 1 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e c n a r u s n I y t l a u s a C & y t r e p o r P / A N A N / A N / — 7 . 2 1 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 1 ( e c n a r u s n I h t l a e H & e f i L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r e h t O 2 . 2 6 8 , 1 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l a t o T 4 1 0 2 2 . 2 4 3 , 1 $ 9 . 2 9 3 , 1 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e c n a r u s n I y t l a u s a C & y t r e p o r P A N / A N / / A N — 9 . 2 3 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ) 1 ( e c n a r u s n I h t l a e H & e f i L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . r e h t O 8 . 5 2 0 , 2 $ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l a t o T 3 1 0 2 5 1 0 2 , y l g n i d r o c c A . t n e m e g a n a m n o m m o c r e d n u s t c u d o r p e c n a r u s n i y t l a u s a c d n a y t r e p o r p n i a t r e c t e k r a m o s l a s t n e g a - e e y o l p m e e c n a r u s n I h t l a e H & e f i L s ’ y n a p m o C e h T ) 1 ( . t n e m g e s e c n a r u s n I h t l a e H & e f i L s t i n i s t c u d o r p e c n a r u s n i y t l a u s a c d n a y t r e p o r p e s e h t f o s t l u s e r e h t s e d u l c n i y n a p m o C e h t . m r i F g n i t n u o c c A c i l b u P d e r e t s i g e R t n e d n e p e d n I f o t r o p e R g n i y n a p m o c c A e e S 1 - I I I H C S KEMPER CORPORATION REINSURANCE SCHEDULE FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, 2014 AND 2013 (Dollars in Millions) SCHEDULE IV Gross Amount Ceded to Other Companies Assumed from Other Companies Net Amount Percentage of Amount Assumed to Net Year Ended December 31, 2015 Life Insurance in Force ........................................................ $ 20,209.8 Premiums: Life Insurance.................................................................. $ Accident and Health Insurance........................................ Property and Liability Insurance ..................................... Total Premiums..................................................................... Year Ended December 31, 2014 Life Insurance in Force ........................................................ $ 20,565.9 Premiums: 374.1 139.8 1,456.2 $ 1,970.1 Life Insurance.................................................................. Accident and Health Insurance........................................ Property and Liability Insurance ..................................... Total Premiums..................................................................... Year Ended December 31, 2013 Life Insurance in Force ........................................................ Premiums: $ 387.5 146.3 1,297.3 $ 1,831.1 $ 21,006.0 Life Insurance.................................................................. Accident and Health Insurance........................................ Property and Liability Insurance ..................................... Total Premiums..................................................................... $ 392.4 161.9 1,452.7 $ 2,007.0 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 514.2 1.4 0.5 18.7 20.6 541.5 1.5 0.5 24.0 26.0 576.4 1.5 0.6 31.8 33.9 $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 205.7 $ 19,901.3 1.0% 1.4 5.6 53.1 60.1 $ 374.1 144.9 1,490.6 $ 2,009.6 0.4% 3.9% 3.6% 3.0% 217.8 $ 20,242.2 1.1 % 1.6 2.8 52.7 57.1 $ 387.6 148.6 1,326.0 $ 1,862.2 0.4 % 1.9 % 4.0 % 3.1 % 229.5 $ 20,659.1 1.1 % 1.8 0.1 50.8 52.7 $ 392.7 161.4 1,471.7 $ 2,025.8 0.5 % 0.1 % 3.5 % 2.6 % See Accompanying Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. SCH IV-1 The following exhibits are either filed as a part hereof or are incorporated by reference. Exhibit numbers followed by an asterisk (*) indicate exhibits that are management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements. Exhibit Index Exhibit Number 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4* 10.5* Exhibit Description Restated Certificate of Incorporation Amended and Restated Bylaws of Kemper Corporation Indenture dated as of June 26, 2002, by and between Kemper and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee to BNY Midwest Trust Company, as Trustee Officers’ Certificate, including form of Senior Note with respect to Kemper’s 6.00% Senior Notes due May 15, 2017 Indenture, dated as of February 27, 2014, by and between Kemper Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee First Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 27, 2014, to the Indenture dated as of February 27, 2014, by and between Kemper and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (including the form of 7.375% Subordinated Debentures due 2054). Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 24, 2015, to the Indenture, dated as of February 27, 2014, between Kemper Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (including the form of 4.350% Senior Notes due 2025) Form of Certificate Representing Shares of Kemper Corporation Common Stock Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of June 2, 2015, by and among Kemper, the lenders party thereto, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, swing line lender and issuing bank, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association and Fifth Third Bank, as co-syndication agents Advances and Security Agreement and Addendum to Advances and Security Agreement, effective as of December 31, 2013, between Trinity Universal Insurance Company and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Dallas Advances, Collateral Pledge, and Security Agreement, dated as of March 18, 2014, between United Insurance Company of America and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago Kemper Pension Equalization Plan, as amended and restated effective August 25, 2011, as amended by Amendment No. 2 effective September 16, 2013 Kemper Defined Contribution Supplemental Retirement Plan, as amended and restated effective August 25, 2011 Incorporated by Reference Form File Number 8-K 001-18298 Exhibit 3.2 8-K 001-18298 8-K 001-18298 3.3 4.1 Filing Date August 8, 2014 August 8, 2014 May 14, 2012 Filed or Furnished Herewith 10-Q 001-18298 4.3 May 7, 2012 8-K 001-18298 4.1 February 27, 2014 8-K 001-18298 4.2 February 27, 2014 8-K 001-18298 4.2 February 24, 2015 8-K 001-18298 10.1 June 8, 2015 X 10-K 001-18298 10.2 February 14, 2014 8-K 001-18298 10.1 March 21, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.3 February 14, 2014 10-Q 001-18298 10.15 November 2, 2011 E-1 Exhibit Number 10.6* 10.7* 10.8* 10.9* 10.10* 10.11* 10.12* 10.13* 10.14* 10.15* 10.16* 10.17* 10.18* 10.19* 10.20* 10.21* 10.22* 10.23* Exhibit Description Kemper Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective January 1, 2014, as further amended by Amendment No. 1, effective October 5, 2015 Kemper Severance Plan, as amended and restated effective August 25, 2011 Kemper 1995 Non-employee Director Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated effective February 3, 2009 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Kemper 1995 Non-employee Director Stock Option Plan, as of February 1, 2006 Form of Stock Option Agreement under the Kemper 1995 Non-employee Director Stock Option Plan, as of February 3, 2009 Kemper 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated effective February 1, 2006 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement under the Kemper 1997 Stock Option Plan, as of February 1, 2006 Kemper 2002 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated effective February 3, 2009 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement under the Kemper 2002 Stock Option Plan, as of February 1, 2006 Form of Stock Option Agreement (including stock appreciation rights) under the Kemper 2002 Stock Option Plan, as of February 1, 2011 Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as amended and restated effective October 30, 2013 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement for Non-employee Directors under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of August 25, 2011 Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2013 Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2013 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement for Non-employee Directors under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of May 1, 2013 Form of Deferred Stock Unit Agreement for Non-employee Directors under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of May 1, 2013 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement - Installment-Vesting form under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Form of Stock Option and SAR Agreement - Cliff-Vesting Form under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Incorporated by Reference Form File Number Exhibit Filing Date Filed or Furnished Herewith X 10-Q 001-18298 10.18 November 2, 2011 10-K 001-18298 10.2 February 4, 2009 10-Q 001-18298 10.6 May 4, 2011 10-K 001-18298 10.7 February 4, 2009 10-Q 001-18298 10.2 May 4, 2011 10-Q 001-18298 10.8 May 4, 2011 10-K 001-18298 10.4 February 4, 2009 10-Q 001-18298 10.9 May 4, 2011 10-K 001-18298 10.9 February 3, 2011 10-Q 001-18298 10.1 October 31, 2013 10-K 001-18298 10.13 February 17, 2012 10-K 001-18298 10.24 February 15, 2013 10-K 001-18298 10.25 February 15, 2013 10-Q 001-18298 10.1 May 2, 2013 10-Q 001-18298 10.2 May 2, 2013 10-K 001-18298 10.24 February 14, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.25 February 14, 2014 E-2 Incorporated by Reference Form File Number 10-K 001-18298 Exhibit 10.26 Filing Date February 14, 2014 Filed or Furnished Herewith 10-K 001-18298 10.27 February 14, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.28 February 14, 2014 10-Q 001-18298 10.2 October 31, 2013 10-K 001-18298 10.21 February 15, 2013 10-K 001-18298 10.32 February 14, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.33 February 14, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.34 February 14, 2014 10-K 001-18298 10.35 February 14, 2014 8-K 001-18298 10.25 February 6, 2012 10-Q 001-18298 10.17 November 2, 2011 Exhibit Number 10.24* 10.25* 10.26* 10.27* 10.28* 10.29* 10.30* 10.31* 10.32* 10.33* 10.34* Exhibit Description Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement - Installment-Vesting Form under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Form of Time-Vested Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement - Cliff- Vesting Form under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Form of Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement under the Kemper 2011 Omnibus Equity Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Kemper 2009 Performance Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective October 29, 2013 (for awards through February 3, 2014) Form of Multi-Year Incentive Award Agreement under the Kemper 2009 Performance Incentive Plan, as of February 4, 2013 Kemper 2009 Performance Incentive Plan, as amended and restated effective February 4, 2014 Form of Annual Incentive Award Agreement under the Kemper 2009 Performance Incentive Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Form of Multi-Year Incentive Award Agreement under the Kemper 2009 Performance Incentive Plan, as of February 4, 2014 Kemper Executive Performance Plan, effective February 4, 2014 Kemper is a party to individual Indemnification and Expense Advancement Agreements with each of its directors, as amended and restated effective February 1, 2012 Kemper is a party to individual severance agreements with the following employees: Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. (President and Chief Executive Officer) Donald G. Southwell (Former Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer) John M. Boschelli (Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer) C. Thomas Evans, Jr. (Vice President, Secretary & General Counsel) Diana J. Hickert-Hill (Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Identity) Shekar G. Jannah (Vice President, Chief Risk Officer) Lisa M. King (Vice President, Human Resources) Christopher L. Moses (Vice President and Treasurer) Richard Roeske (Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer) E-3 Incorporated by Reference Form File Number Exhibit Filing Date Filed or Furnished Herewith Exhibit Number Exhibit Description Dennis J. Sandelski (Vice President, Tax and Corporate Development) Frank J. Sodaro (Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer) Each of the foregoing agreements is identical except that the severance compensation multiple is 3.0 for Messrs. Lacher and Southwell and 2.0 for the other officers. 10.35* Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. Offer Letter dated November 19, 2015 8-K 001-18298 10.1 November 20, 2015 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 12 21 23 24 31.1 31.2 32.1 32.2 101.1 101.2 101.3 101.4 101.5 101.6 Ratios of Earnings to Fixed Charges Subsidiaries of Kemper Corporation Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP Power of Attorney (included on the signature page hereof) Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished pursuant to Item 601(b) (32) of Regulation S-K) Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished pursuant to Item 601(b)(32) of Regulation S-K) XBRL Instance XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document E-4 THE FOLLOWING EXHIBITS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE INVESTOR SECTION OF KEMPER’S WEBSITE, KEMPER.COM UNDER THE HEADING, SEC FILINGS: (cid:120) (cid:120) EXHIBIT 4.6 – FORM OF CERTIFICATE REPRESENTING SHARES OF KEMPER CORPORATION COMMON STOCK EXHIBIT 10.6 – KEMPER NON-QUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN, AS AMENDED AND RESTATED EFFECTIVE JANUARY 1, 2014, AS FURTHER AMENDED BY AMENDMENT NO. 1, EFFECTIVE OCTOBER 5, 2015 KEMPER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES COMPUTATION OF CONSOLIDATED RATIOS OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES (Dollars in Millions) Exhibit 12 Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes........... $ Less Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments ................................................................................. Years Ended December 31, 2015 100.3 2014 160.2 $ 2013 314.4 $ 2012 122.4 $ 2011 $ 68.3 (19.0) (9.0) (26.4) (9.3) (9.6) Plus Distribution of Accumulated Earnings in Equity Method Limited Liability Investments..................................................... Plus Fixed Charges......................................................................... 8.6 52.3 Less Capitalized Interest ................................................................ Total Earnings................................................................................. $ (0.8) 141.4 Interest ............................................................................................ $ 50.0 Rental Factor .................................................................................. Capitalized Interest......................................................................... 1.5 0.8 21.7 52.9 (1.0) 224.8 50.3 1.6 1.0 $ $ 15.4 44.3 (0.9) 346.8 41.7 1.7 0.9 $ $ 15.4 45.1 (1.8) 171.8 41.4 1.9 1.8 $ $ $ $ Total Fixed Charges........................................................................ $ 52.3 $ 52.9 $ 44.3 $ 45.1 $ Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges (a) .......................................... 2.7 x 4.2 x 7.8 x 3.8 x — 45.1 (2.6) 101.2 40.6 1.9 2.6 45.1 2.2 x (a) The ratios of earnings to fixed charges have been computed on a consolidated basis by dividing (a) Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes less Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, plus Distribution of Accumulated Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments, plus fixed charges, and less capitalized interest, by (b) fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest on debt and a factor for interest included in rent expense. Income from Continuing Operations before Income Taxes has the meaning as set forth in the Consolidated Statements of Income included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Equity in Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments and Distribution of Accumulated Earnings of Equity Method Limited Liability Investments have the meanings as set forth in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015. Subsidiaries of KEMPER CORPORATION Exhibit 21 Subsidiaries of Kemper Corporation, with their states of incorporation in parentheses, are as follows: 1. Alliance United Group, LLC (California) 2. Alliance United Insurance Company (California) 3. Alliance United Insurance Services, LLC (California) 4. Alpha Property & Casualty Insurance Company (Wisconsin) 5. Capitol County Mutual Fire Insurance Company (Texas)* 6. Charter Indemnity Company (Texas) 7. Direct Response Corporation (Delaware) 8. Family Security Funerals Company (Texas) 9. Financial Indemnity Company (Illinois) 10. KAHG LLC (Illinois) 11. Kemper Corporate Services, Inc. (Illinois) 12. Kemper Direct General Agency, Inc. (Texas) 13. Kemper Financial Indemnity Company (Illinois) 14. Kemper General Agency, Inc. (Texas) 15. Kemper Independence Insurance Company (Illinois) 16. Merastar Industries LLC (Delaware) 17. Merastar Insurance Company (Illinois) 18. Mutual Savings Fire Insurance Company (Alabama) 19. Mutual Savings Life Insurance Company (Alabama) 20. NCM Management Corporation (Delaware) 21. Old Reliable Casualty Company (Missouri)* 22. The Reliable Life Insurance Company (Missouri) 23. Reserve National Insurance Company (Oklahoma) 24. Response Insurance Company (Illinois) 25. Response Worldwide Direct Auto Insurance Company (Illinois) 26. Response Worldwide Insurance Company (Illinois) 27. Security One Agency LLC (Illinois) 28. Trinity Universal Insurance Company (Texas) 29. Union National Fire Insurance Company (Louisiana) 30. Union National Life Insurance Company (Louisiana) 31. United Casualty Insurance Company of America (Illinois) 32. United Insurance Company of America (Illinois) 33. Unitrin Advantage Insurance Company (New York) 34. Unitrin Auto and Home Insurance Company (New York) 35. Unitrin County Mutual Insurance Company (Texas)* 36. Unitrin Direct Insurance Company (Illinois) 37. Unitrin Direct Property & Casualty Company (Illinois) 38. Unitrin Preferred Insurance Company (New York) 39. Unitrin Safeguard Insurance Company (Wisconsin) 40. Valley Property & Casualty Insurance Company (Oregon) 41. Warner Insurance Company (Illinois) * May be deemed to be an affiliate pursuant to Rule 1-02 of SEC Regulation S-X. CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 33-58300, 333-4530, 333-38981, 333-86935, 333-76076, 333-87898 and 333-173877 on Form S-8 and Nos. 333-127215, 333-142722 and 333-194032 on Form S-3 of our report, dated February 12, 2016, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the financial statement schedules of Kemper Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”), and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2015. Exhibit 23 /s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP Chicago, Illinois February 12, 2016 Exhibit 31.1 I, Joseph P. Lacher, Jr., certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Kemper Corporation; CERTIFICATIONS 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 12, 2016 /S/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR. Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Exhibit 31.2 I, Frank J. Sodaro, certify that: 1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of Kemper Corporation; CERTIFICATIONS 2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report; 3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report; 4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: (a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; (b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and (d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and 5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): (a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. Date: February 12, 2016 /S/ FRANK J. SODARO Frank J. Sodaro Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Certification of CEO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32.1 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Kemper Corporation (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Joseph P. Lacher, Jr., as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /S/ JOSEPH P. LACHER, JR. Name: Title: Date: Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer February 12, 2016 Certification of CFO Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Exhibit 32.2 In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Kemper Corporation (the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Frank J. Sodaro, as Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of his knowledge: (1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and (2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company. /S/ FRANK J. SODARO Name: Title: Date: Frank J. Sodaro Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer February 12, 2016 [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] [THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] Kemper Corporation Board of Directors Left to Right: Kathleen M. Cronin, Douglas G. Geoga, Joseph P. Lacher, Jr., George N. Cochran, Robert J. Joyce, David P. Storch, Christopher B. Sarofim Robert J. Joyce Chairman of the Board Kemper Corporation Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Westfield Group Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer Kemper Corporation George N. Cochran Retired Chairman Global Financial Institutions Group Macquarie Capital Kathleen M. Cronin Senior Managing Director, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary CME Group Inc. Douglas G. Geoga President and Chief Executive Officer Salt Creek Hospitality, LLC Christopher B. Sarofim Vice Chairman Fayez Sarofim & Co. David P. Storch Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer AAR Corp. Kemper Corporation and Subsidiaries Executives Joseph P. Lacher, Jr. President and Chief Executive Officer John M. Boschelli Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer Blaine T. McGuire Vice President, Internal Audit Timothy D. Bruns Executive Vice President and General Manager, Kemper Specialty California Joseph W. Metz President, Kemper Personal and Commercial Lines Shawn R. Crawford Chief Information Officer Maxwell T. Mindak Vice President, Financial Planning and Analysis C. Thomas Evans, Jr. Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel Christopher L. Moses Vice President and Treasurer Ronald E. Greco Corporate Actuary Diana J. Hickert-Hill Vice President, Investor Relations and Corporate Identity Shekar G. Jannah Vice President and Chief Risk Officer Lisa M. King Vice President, Human Resources David Mandel Executive Vice President and General Manager, Alliance United Group Thomas D. Myers President, Kemper Home Service Companies Richard Roeske Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer Dennis J. Sandelski Vice President, Tax and Corporate Development Andrew F. Schallhorn President, Reserve National Frank J. Sodaro Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer Kemper Corporation Information Stock Listing Kemper Corporation is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol KMPR (cid:3)(cid:3) Common Stock Transfer Agent/Registrar Please direct questions regarding stock registration, change of address, change of name or transfer to Computershare Trust Company, N.A. P.O. Box 30170 College Station, TX 77842-3170 877.282.1168 (in the United States) computershare.com Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Deloitte & Touche LLP 111 South Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 2016 Annual Meeting May 4, 2016 8:00 a.m. Central Time The Kemper Building Conference Center, Suite 2015 One East Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60601 Investor Relations Diana J. Hickert-Hill Kemper Corporation One East Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60601 312.661.4930 investors@kemper.com (cid:3) Kemper Corporation 2015 Annual Report kemper.com (cid:3) 

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