Quarterlytics / Consumer Cyclical / Auto - Dealerships / Kingsway Financial Services Inc

Kingsway Financial Services Inc

kfs · NYSE Consumer Cyclical
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Ticker kfs
Exchange NYSE
Sector Consumer Cyclical
Industry Auto - Dealerships
Employees 201-500
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FY2020 Annual Report · Kingsway Financial Services Inc
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UNITED STATES 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549  
 FORM 10-K

x	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 
OR
o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 

1934

For the Transition Period from _____ to _____
Commission File Number 001-15204  
Kingsway Financial Services Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of 
incorporation or organization)

150 E. Pierce Road
Itasca, IL 
(Address of principal executive offices)

85-1792291

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

60143
(Zip Code)

1-847-871-6408
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code) 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
Common Stock, no par value

Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes   o     No   x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes   o     No   x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange 
Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been 
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x     No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to 
Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was 
required to submit such files).    Yes   x     No   o

Indicate  by  check  mark  whether  the  registrant  is  a  large  accelerated  filer,  an  accelerated  filer,  a  non-accelerated  filer,  a  smaller  reporting 
company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and 
"emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller Reporting Companyx Emerging Growth Company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying 
with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its 
internal  control  over  financial  reporting  under  Section  404(b)  of  the  Sarbanes-Oxley  Act  (15  U.S.C.  7262(b))  by  the  registered  public 
accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o     No   x

 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2020, the aggregate market value of the registrant's voting common stock held by non-affiliates of registrant was $28,785,944 
based upon the closing sale price of the common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange.  Solely for purposes of this calculation, 
all executive officers and directors of the registrant are considered affiliates.

The  number  of  shares,  including  restricted  common  shares,  of  the  Registrant's  Common  Stock  outstanding  as  of  March  29,  2021  was 
22,711,069.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Part  III  of  this  Form  10-K  is  incorporated  by  reference  to  certain  sections  of  the  Proxy  Statement  for  the  2020  Annual  Meeting  of 
Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended 
December 31, 2020.

 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Table Of Contents

PART I

Item 1. Business

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Item 2. Properties

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of 
Equity Securities

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Item 9B. Other Information

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

Item 11. Executive Compensation

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder 
Matters

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

SIGNATURES

EXHIBIT INDEX

3

4

4

10

20

20

20

20

21

21

22

22

42

43

105

105

108

109

109

110

110

110

110

111

111

116

117

118

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Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

This  2020  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  (the  "2020  Annual  Report"),  including  the  accompanying  consolidated  financial 
statements  of  Kingsway  Financial  Services  Inc.  ("Kingsway")  and  its  subsidiaries  (individually  and  collectively  referred  to 
herein  as  the  "Company")  and  the  notes  thereto  appearing  in  Item  8  herein  (the  "Consolidated  Financial  Statements"), 
Management's  Discussion  and  Analysis  of  Financial  Condition  and  Results  of  Operations  appearing  in  Item  7  herein 
("MD&A"), and the other Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules filed as a part hereof or incorporated by reference herein 
may  contain  or  incorporate  by  reference  information  that  includes  or  is  based  on  forward-looking  statements  within  the 
meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Forward-looking statements relate to future events or future performance and reflect Kingsway management's current beliefs, 
based on information currently available. The words "anticipate," "expect," "believe," "may," "should," "estimate," "project," 
"outlook," "forecast" and variations or similar words and expressions are used to identify such forward looking information, but 
these  words  are  not  the  exclusive  means  of  identifying  forward-looking  statements.    Specifically,  statements  about  (i)  the 
Company's  ability  to  preserve  and  use  its  net  operating  losses;  (ii)  the  Company's  expected  liquidity;  and  (iii)  the  potential 
impact of volatile investment markets and other economic conditions on the Company's investment portfolio, among others, are 
forward-looking, and the Company may also make forward-looking statements about, among other things:

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its  results  of  operations  and  financial  condition  (including,  among  other  things,  net  and  operating  income,  investment 
income and performance, return on equity and expected current returns);
changes  in  facts  and  circumstances  affecting  assumptions  used  in  determining  its  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss 
adjustment expenses;
changes in facts and circumstances affecting assumptions used in evaluating its legal proceedings;
changes in industry trends and significant industry developments;
the impact of certain guarantees and indemnities made by the Company;
its ability to complete and integrate current or future acquisitions successfully; 
its ability to implement its restructuring activities and execute its strategic initiatives successfully; and
the potential impact of the uncertainties related to the COVID-19 pandemic on the short and long-term economic effects on 
the Company’s business.

For a discussion of some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ, see Item 1A,"Risk Factors" and our disclosures 
under the heading "Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates" in MD&A in this 2020 Annual Report.  

Except  as  expressly  required  by  applicable  securities  laws,  the  Company  disclaims  any  intention  or  obligation  to  update  or 
revise  any  forward-looking  statements,  whether  as  a  result  of  new  information,  future  events  or  otherwise,  that  might  arise 
subsequent to the date of this 2020 Annual Report.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Part I

Item 1. BUSINESS

In  this  report,  the  terms  "Kingsway,"  the  "Company,"  "we,"  "us"  or  "our"  mean  Kingsway  Financial  Services  Inc.  and  all 
entities included in our Consolidated Financial Statements.  

Kingsway  Financial  Services  Inc.  was  incorporated  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act  (Ontario)  on  September  19,  1989.  
Effective December 31, 2018, the Company changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from the province of Ontario, Canada, to 
the State of Delaware.  The Company's registered office is located at 150 E. Pierce Road, Itasca, Illinois 60143.  The common 
shares of Kingsway are listed on the NYSE under the trading symbol "KFS." 

Kingsway  is  a  holding  company  with  operating  subsidiaries  located  in  the  United  States.    The  Company  owns  or  controls 
subsidiaries primarily in the extended warranty, asset management and real estate industries.  Kingsway conducts its business 
through  two  reportable  segments:  Extended  Warranty  and  Leased  Real  Estate.    Extended  Warranty  and  Leased  Real  Estate 
conduct their business and distribute their products in the United States.

Financial  information  about  Kingsway's  reportable  business  segments  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019 is contained in the following sections of this 2020 Annual Report: (i) Note 24, "Segmented Information," to 
the Consolidated Financial Statements; and (ii) "Results of Continuing Operations" section of MD&A.

All  of  the  dollar  amounts  in  this  2020  Annual  Report  are  expressed  in  U.S.  dollars,  except  where  otherwise  indicated.  
References to "dollars" or "$" are to U.S. dollars, and any references to "C$" are to Canadian dollars. 

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS

Acquisition of PWI Holdings, Inc.

On December 1, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of PWI Holdings, Inc. for cash consideration of 
$24.4 million.  The final purchase price is subject to a true-up that will be finalized in 2021.  PWI Holdings, Inc., through its 
subsidiaries  Preferred  Warranties,  Inc.,  Superior  Warranties,  Inc.,  Preferred  Warranties  of  Florida,  Inc.,  and  Preferred 
Nationwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd. (collectively, "PWI"), markets, sells and administers vehicle service agreements in all 
fifty states, primarily through a network of automobile dealer partners.  PWI is included in the Extended Warranty segment.  
Further information is contained in Note 4, "Acquisitions," to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

EXTENDED WARRANTY SEGMENT

Extended Warranty includes the following subsidiaries of the Company (collectively, "Extended Warranty"):

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IWS Acquisition Corporation ("IWS")
Geminus Holding Company, Inc. ("Geminus")
PWI 
Professional Warranty Service Corporation ("PWSC")
Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC ("Trinity")

IWS  is  a  licensed  motor  vehicle  service  agreement  company  and  is  a  provider  of  after-market  vehicle  protection  services 
distributed by credit unions in 26 states and the District of Columbia to their members.

Geminus primarily sells vehicle service agreements to used car buyers across the United States, through its subsidiaries, The 
Penn Warranty Corporation ("Penn") and Prime Auto Care Inc. ("Prime").  Penn and Prime distribute these products in 32 and 
40 states, respectively, via independent used car dealerships and franchised car dealerships.

PWI markets, sells and administers vehicle service agreements to used car buyers in all fifty states via independent used car and 
franchise networks of approved automobile and motorcycle dealer partners. PWI’s business model is supported by an internal 
sales and operations team and partners with American Auto Shield ("AAS") in three states with a "white label" agreement.

PWSC  sells  new  home  warranty  products  and  provides  administration  services  to  homebuilders  and  homeowners  across  the 
United States.  PWSC distributes its products and services through an in-house sales team and through insurance brokers and 
insurance carriers throughout all states except Alaska and Louisiana.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Trinity  sells  heating,  ventilation,  air  conditioning  ("HVAC"),  standby  generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and  refrigeration 
warranty products and provides equipment breakdown and maintenance support services to companies across the United States.  
As a seller of warranty products, Trinity markets and administers product warranty contracts for certain new and used products 
in the HVAC, standby generator, commercial LED lighting and refrigeration industries throughout the United States.  Trinity 
acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance companies that underwrite and guaranty these warranty contracts.  Trinity 
does  not  guaranty  the  performance  underlying  the  warranty  contracts  it  sells.    As  a  provider  of  equipment  breakdown  and 
maintenance support services, Trinity acts as a single point of contact to its clients for both certain equipment breakdowns and 
scheduled  maintenance  of  equipment.    Trinity  will  provide  such  repair  and  breakdown  services  by  contracting  with  certain 
HVAC providers.

Extended Warranty Products

Automotive

IWS,  Geminus  and  PWI  market  and  administer  vehicle  service  agreements  ("VSA"s)  and  related  products  for  new  and  used 
automobiles throughout the United States.  PWI also markets and administers VSAs for motorcycles and ATV’s.  A VSA is an 
agreement between the Company and the vehicle purchaser under which the Company agrees to replace or repair, for a specific 
term,  designated  vehicle  parts  in  the  event  of  a  mechanical  breakdown.    VSAs  supplement,  or  are  in  lieu  of,  manufacturers' 
warranties and provide a variety of extended coverage options. The cost of the VSA is a function of the contract term, coverage 
limits and type of vehicle.

•

•

•

IWS  serves  as  the  administrator  on  all  contracts  it  originates.    VSA's  range  from  one  to  seven  years  and/or  12,000 
miles to 125,000 miles.  The average term of a VSA is between four and five years.  
Geminus goes to market through its subsidiaries, Penn and Prime. Penn and Prime serve as the administrator on all 
contracts they originate and its VSAs range from three months to sixty months and/or 3,000 miles to 165,000 miles. 
Penn offers a limited product line of vehicle service agreements with unlimited miles offerings that have an average 
term of twelve to twenty-four months. 
PWI serves as the contract administrator and originator in all states, except for Alaska, Florida and Washington. In the 
States  of  Alaska,  Florida  and  Washington,  PWI  partners  with  American  Auto  Shield  ("AAS")  in  a  white  label 
relationship. VSAs sold in these states are branded PWI and administered by AAS. In these states, AAS is the contract 
originator with PWI generating fee income on every contract sold.  PWI has an extensive menu of VSAs with terms 
starting  at  three  months  to  ninety-six  months  and  mileage  bands  up  to  200,000  miles.  Products  range  from  basic 
Powertrain to the Exclusionary product (Premier). 

In addition to marketing vehicle service agreements, IWS and Geminus also administer and broker a guaranteed asset protection 
product ("GAP") through their distribution channels.  GAP generally covers a consumer's out-of-pocket amount, related to an 
automobile  loan  or  lease,  if  the  vehicle  is  stolen  or  damaged  beyond  repair.    IWS  and  Geminus  earn  a  commission  when  a 
consumer purchases a GAP certificate but does not take on any insurance risk.  

Home

PWSC  administers  the  insured  warranty  programs  for  new  home  construction  companies,  and  the  warranty  is  issued  to  new 
home buyers.  The warranty coverage is provided nationwide by a single, A+ rated insurance carrier.  The warranty document is 
an  agreement  between  the  homebuilder  and  the  purchaser  of  the  home  and  includes  specific  tolerances  related  to  covered 
defects and precise definitions of damages.  Each damage category includes materials defect coverage for the first year, major 
systems  coverage  for  the  second  year,  and  workmanship  and  structural  coverage  for  years  three  through  ten.    The  warranty 
enables certain damages to be resolved by the homebuilder without admitting fault or negligence, and the warranty offers an 
efficient method to resolve buyer complaints and avoid costly litigation through mediation and mandatory binding arbitration.  

PWSC also has an uninsured warranty administration services program.  The warranty document issued through this program is 
an agreement between the homebuilder and the purchaser of the home, and it includes performance standards established by the 
homebuilder and warrants conditions in the home that could constitute a construction defect throughout the warranty period.    
This program enables construction defects to be efficiently and amicably resolved by the homebuilder through mediation and 
mandatory binding arbitration to avoid costly litigation.  Claims are covered for a period of time as may be required by law, for 
an elected time-frame by the builder in a specific state, or per agreement with a general liability insurance carrier.  The warranty 
document is designed to ensure all parties’ interests are aligned in order to handle their claims relative to construction defects 
promptly and without attorney intervention. 

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

HVAC

Trinity sells HVAC, standby generator, commercial LED lighting and refrigeration warranty products.  As a seller of warranty 
products, Trinity markets and administers product warranty contracts for certain new and used products in the HVAC, standby 
generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and  refrigeration  industries  throughout  the  United  States.    Trinity  acts  as  an  agent  on 
behalf of the third-party insurance companies that underwrite and guaranty these warranty contracts.  Trinity does not guaranty 
the performance underlying the warranty contracts it sells.

Trinity  also  provides  equipment  breakdown  and  maintenance  support  services  to  companies  across  the  United  States.    As  a 
provider  of  such  services,  Trinity  acts  as  a  single  point  of  contact  to  its  clients  for  both  certain  equipment  breakdowns  and 
scheduled  maintenance  of  equipment.    Trinity  will  provide  such  repair  and  breakdown  services  by  contracting  with  certain 
HVAC providers.

Marketing, Distribution and Competition

No  Extended  Warranty  customer  or  group  of  affiliated  customers  accounts  for  10%  or  more  of  the  Company's  consolidated 
revenues, and no loss of a customer or group of affiliated customers would have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Automotive

IWS  markets  its  products  primarily  through  credit  unions.    IWS  enters  into  an  exclusive  agreement  with  each  credit  union 
whereby the credit union receives a stipulated access fee for each vehicle service agreement issued to its members.  The credit 
unions are served by IWS employee representatives located throughout the United States in close geographical proximity to the 
credit unions they serve.  IWS distributes and markets its products in 26 states and the District of Columbia.   

IWS focuses exclusively on the automotive finance market with its core VSA and related product offerings, while much of its 
competition  in  the  credit  union  channel  has  a  less  targeted  product  approach.    IWS'  typical  competitor  takes  a  generalist 
approach to market by providing credit unions with a variety of different product offerings.  They might be unable to deliver 
specialty  expertise  on  par  with  IWS  and  may  not  give  VSA  products  the  attention  they  require  for  healthy  profitability  and 
strong risk management.

Geminus goes to market through its subsidiaries, Penn and Prime, which market their products primarily through independent 
automotive dealerships and franchise automotive dealerships. Penn and Prime enter into dealer wholesale agreements that allow 
the  dealer  to  resell  Penn  and  Prime  vehicle  service  agreements  at  a  retail  rate  which  varies  by  state  as  they  earn  potential 
commission on the remarketing. The dealer base is serviced by the Company's employees located throughout the United States 
in  close  geographical  proximity  to  the  dealers  they  serve.  Penn  and  Prime  distribute  and  market  their  products  in  32  and  40 
states, respectively.

Penn  and  Prime  focus  exclusively  on  the  automotive  finance  market  with  its  core  VSA  and  related  product  offerings,  while 
much of its competition is non-employee based or agent centric. Penn and Prime's typical competitor’s approach to market is by 
working through non-employees or agents with a variety of different product offerings. Penn and Prime solely focuses on the 
suite of VSAs it offers which allows the proper attention required for healthy profitability and risk management.

PWI  markets,  sells  and  administers  VSAs  to  used  car  buyers  in  all  fifty  states,  primarily  through  a  network  of  approved 
automobile  dealer  partners.  PWI  enters  into  a  dealer  agreement  with  dealer  partners  that  permits  dealers  to  legally  sell  PWI 
products to its customers.  The distribution of PWI VSAs is supported by an internal sales team geographically located around 
the country and in close proximity to its dealer partners. 

PWI  operates  exclusively  in  the  automotive  finance  market  with  its  sole  focus  on  VSAs.  PWI  does  operate  within  a  highly 
competitive  environment  where  product  pricing  and  products  options  are  important.  The  majority  of  its  competitors  have  a 
comprehensive menu of products and services to offer the independent and franchise dealers.  PWI’s future strategy will drive 
additional competitiveness by adding new products to its existing menu of VSAs. PWI’s competitors are a blend of national and 
regional competitors implementing employee and agent based sales models.

Home

PWSC markets its insured warranty products through a sales force directly to the homebuilder and its uninsured builder backed 
warranty  products  through  a  network  of  construction  general  liability  insurance  carriers  and  domestic  insurance  brokers.  
Homebuilder  prospects  are  developed  through  membership  in  local  homebuilder  associations,  attendance  at  homebuilder 
conventions,  distribution  of  promotional  products  and  direct  mail  efforts.    For  its  uninsured  homebuilder  backed  product, 
PWSC dedicates senior personnel to working with the construction general liability insurers and domestic insurance brokers to 
identify and assist in developing new opportunities and devotes marketing resources to sell its product.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

For  its  insured  warranty  product,  PWSC  operates  in  an  environment  with  several  competitors.    PWSC  differentiates  itself 
through its relationship with and backing by an A+ rated global insurance carrier; having over 20 years of experience in the 
field  of  new  home  warranty  administration;  its  dispute  resolution  services;  and  its  best  in  class  customer  service.    For  its 
uninsured builder backed product, PWSC operates in an environment with very few competitors.  The most significant features 
differentiating  the  builder  backed  product  from  its  competition  are  an  express  warranty  for  all  construction  defects,  the  only 
warranty  that  is  fully  integrated  with  the  general  liability  policy  in  its  definition  and  coverage  of  construction  defects,  and 
mutual agreement between the homebuilder and the home buyer that all claims be resolved through mediation or, if necessary, 
binding arbitration.

HVAC

Trinity  directly  markets  and  distributes  its  warranty  products  to  manufacturers,  distributors  and  installers  of  HVAC,  standby 
generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and  refrigeration  equipment.    As  a  provider  of  equipment  breakdown  and  maintenance 
support, Trinity directly markets and distributes its product through its clients, which are primarily companies that directly own 
and operate numerous locations across the United States.

Trinity operates in an environment with few market competitors.  Trinity competes on two important facets: its belief that it 
provides  superior  customer  service  relative  to  its  competitors  and  its  ability,  through  the  support  of  its  insurance  company 
partners,  to  provide  warranty  solutions  to  a  wider  range  of  HVAC,  standby  generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and 
refrigeration equipment than that of its competitors.

Claims Management

Claims management is the process by which Extended Warranty determines the validity and amount of a claim.  The Company 
believes that claims management is fundamental to its operating results.  The Company's goal is to settle claims fairly for the 
benefit  of  insureds  and  the  insureds  of  the  Company's  insurance  company  partners  in  a  manner  that  is  consistent  with  the 
insurance policy language and the Company's regulatory and legal obligations.

IWS,  Geminus  and  PWI  effectively  and  efficiently  manages  claims  by  utilizing  in-house  expertise  and  information  systems.  
They  employ  an  experienced  claims  staff,  in  some  cases  comprised  of  Automotive  Service  Excellence  certified  mechanics, 
knowledgeable in all aspects of vehicle repairs and potential claims.  Additionally, each owns its own proprietary database of 
historical  claims  data  dating  several  years.    Management  analyzes  this  database  to  drive  real-time  pricing  adjustments  and 
strategic decision-making.

Under PWSC’s warranty products, disputes typically arise when there is a difference between what the homeowner expects of 
the builder and what the builder believes are its legitimate warranty service responsibilities.  PWSC employs an experienced 
claims  staff  who  responds  to  all  inquiries  from  homeowners  and  from  requests  by  builders.    Any  inquiries  or  complaints 
received are submitted or communicated to the builder.  PWSC will not make any determination as to the validity or resolution 
of  any  complaint;  however,  PWSC  will  discuss  alternatives  or  resolutions  to  disputes  with  all  parties  and  can  mediate  or 
negotiate a fair solution to a dispute.  This process ensures that homebuilders can effectively manage new home construction 
risk  and  reduce  the  potential  for  substantial  legal  costs  associated  with  litigation.    PWSC  may,  at  times,  act  as  a  third-party 
administrator  for  claims  under  the  insured  warranty  product;  however,  at  no  time  does  PWSC  bear  the  loss  of  claims  on 
warranty products.

Trinity  claims  on  warranty  products  are  managed  by  the  insurance  companies  with  which  Trinity  partners.    Trinity  may,  at 
times, act as a third-party administrator of such claims; however, at no time does Trinity bear the loss of claims on warranty 
products.  

LEASED REAL ESTATE SEGMENT

Leased Real Estate includes the Company's subsidiary, CMC Industries, Inc. ("CMC").  CMC owns, through an indirect wholly 
owned subsidiary (the "Property Owner"), a parcel of real property consisting of approximately 192 acres located in the State of 
Texas (the "Real Property"), which is subject to a long-term triple net lease agreement with a single customer, BNSF Railway 
Company.  Revenue from this single customer represents more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues.  The Real 
Property is also subject to a mortgage, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets (the "Mortgage"). 

PRICING AND PRODUCT MANAGEMENT 

Responsibility  for  pricing  and  product  management  rests  with  the  Company's  individual  operating  subsidiaries  in  Extended 
Warranty.    Typically,  teams  comprised  of  pricing  actuaries,  product  managers  and  business  development  managers  work 
together by territory to develop policy forms and language, rating structures, regulatory filings and new product ideas.  Data 

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

solutions and claims groups track loss performance on a monthly basis so as to alert the operating subsidiaries to the potential 
need to adjust forms or rates.

UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES

The  Company  records  a  provision  for  its  unpaid  losses  that  have  occurred  as  of  a  given  evaluation  date  as  well  as  for  its 
estimated  liability  for  loss  adjustment  expenses  related  to  our  insurance  subsidiary,  Kingsway  Amigo  Insurance  Company 
("Amigo").  Amigo was placed in voluntary run-off during the fourth quarter of 2012.

  For a detailed description of the Company's process for establishing its provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses, 
see "Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Estimates" section of MD&A.  For a rollforward of the provision for unpaid 
loss and loss adjustment expenses, net of amounts recoverable from reinsurers, see Note 13, "Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment 
Expenses," to the Consolidated Financial Statements.      

INVESTMENTS

The  Company  manages  its  investments  to  support  its  liabilities,  preserve  capital,  maintain  adequate  liquidity  and  maximize 
after-tax investment returns within acceptable risks.  The fixed maturities portfolios are managed by a third-party firm and are 
comprised  predominantly  of  high-quality  fixed  maturities  with  relatively  short  durations.    Equity,  limited  liability  and  other 
investments are managed by a team of employees and advisors dedicated to the identification of investment opportunities that 
offer  asymmetric  risk/reward  potential  with  a  margin  of  safety  supported  by  private  market  values.    Limited  liability 
investments, at fair value, investments in private companies and real estate investments are managed by third-party managers. 
The  Investment  Committee  of  the  Board  of  Directors  is  responsible  for  monitoring  the  performance  of  the  Company's 
investments and compliance with the Company's investment policies and guidelines, which it reviews annually.  Investments 
held by our insurance subsidiary, Amigo, must comply with domiciliary state regulations that prescribe the type, quality and 
concentration of investments.

For  further  descriptions  of  the  Company's  investments,  see  "Investments"  and  "Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  Critical 
Estimates"  in  MD&A  and  Note  7,  "Investments,"  and  Note  25,  "Fair  Value  of  Financial  Instruments,"  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements.

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

Insurance

The  Company  has  one  U.S.  insurance  subsidiary,  Amigo,  which  is  organized  and  domiciled  under  the  insurance  statutes  of 
Florida and is in voluntary run-off.  To the best of the Company's knowledge, it is in compliance with the regulations discussed 
below.

U.S.  insurance  companies  are  subject  to  the  insurance  holding  company  statutes  in  the  jurisdictions  in  which  they  conduct 
business.    These  statutes  require  that  each  U.S  insurance  company  in  a  holding  company  system  register  with  the  insurance 
department  of  its  state  of  domicile  and  furnish  information  concerning  the  operations  of  companies  in  the  holding  company 
system  that  may  materially  affect  the  operations,  management  or  financial  condition  of  the  insurers  in  the  holding  company 
domiciled in that state.  These statutes also generally provide that all transactions among members of a holding company system 
be  done  at  arm’s  length  and  be  shown  to  be  fair  and  reasonable  to  the  regulated  insurer.    Transactions  between  insurance 
company  subsidiaries  and  their  parents  and  affiliates  typically  must  be  disclosed  to  the  state  regulators,  and  any  material  or 
extraordinary transaction requires prior approval of the applicable state insurance regulator.  A change of control of a domestic 
insurer  or  of  any  controlling  person  requires  the  prior  approval  of  the  state  insurance  regulator.    In  general,  any  person  who 
acquires 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of the insurer or its parent company is presumed to have acquired 
control of the domestic insurer. 

U.S.  insurance  companies  are  required  under  the  guaranty  fund  laws  of  most  states  in  which  they  transact  business  to  pay 
assessments up to prescribed limits to fund policyholder losses or liabilities of insolvent insurance companies.  U.S. insurance 
companies also are required to participate in various involuntary pools or assigned risk pools.  In most states, the involuntary 
pool participation is in proportion to the voluntary writings of related lines of business in such states.

U.S. insurance companies are subject to state laws and regulations that require diversification of our investment portfolios and 
that limit the amount of investments in certain categories.  Failure to comply with these laws and regulations would cause non-
conforming investments to be treated as non-admitted assets for purposes of measuring statutory surplus and, in some instances, 
would require divestiture.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

U.S. insurance companies are required to report their financial condition and results of operation in accordance with statutory 
accounting  principles  prescribed  or  permitted  by  state  insurance  regulators  in  conjunction  with  the  National  Association  of 
Insurance  Commissioners  ("NAIC").    State  insurance  regulators  also  prescribe  the  form  and  content  of  statutory  financial 
statements,  perform  periodic  financial  examinations  of  insurers,  set  minimum  reserve  and  loss  ratio  requirements,  establish 
standards for the types and amounts of investments and require minimum capital and surplus levels.  Such statutory capital and 
surplus  requirements  reflect  risk-based  capital  ("RBC")  standards  promulgated  by  the  NAIC.    These  RBC  standards  are 
intended to assess the level of risk inherent in an insurance company's business and consider items such as asset risk, credit risk, 
underwriting risk and other business risks relevant to its operations.  In accordance with RBC formulas, an insurance company's 
RBC  requirements  are  calculated  and  compared  to  its  total  adjusted  capital,  as  defined  by  the  NAIC,  to  determine  whether 
regulatory  intervention  is  warranted.    In  general,  insurers  reporting  surplus  as  regards  policyholders  below  200%  of  the 
authorized control level, as defined by the NAIC, at December 31 are subject to varying levels of regulatory action, including 
discontinuation of operations.  As of December 31, 2020, surplus as regards to policyholders reported by Amigo exceeded the 
200% threshold.  Refer to Note 28, "Regulatory Capital Requirements and Ratios," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for 
further discussion. 

The state insurance department that has jurisdiction over Amigo may conduct on-site visits and examinations, especially as to 
financial condition, ability to fulfill obligations to policyholders, market conduct, claims practices and compliance with other 
laws  and  applicable  regulations.    Typically,  these  examinations  are  conducted  every  three  to  five  years.    In  addition,  if 
circumstances  dictate,  regulators  are  authorized  to  conduct  special  or  target  examinations  of  insurance  companies  to  address 
particular concerns or issues.  The results of these examinations can give rise to regulatory orders requiring remedial, injunctive 
or other corrective action on the part of the company that is the subject of the examination or the assessment of fines or other 
penalties  against  that  company.    The  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation  completed  in  2016  a  financial  examination  of 
Amigo for the three-year period ending December 31, 2014 and completed in the first quarter of 2018 a financial examination 
of Amigo for the two-year period ending December 31, 2016.  No financial statement adjustments were required as a result of 
either examination.

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act protects consumers from the unauthorized dissemination of certain personal information.  The 
majority of states have implemented additional regulations to address privacy issues.  These laws and regulations apply to all 
financial institutions and require the Company to maintain appropriate procedures for managing and protecting certain personal 
information of its customers and to fully disclose its privacy practices to its customers.  The Company may also be exposed to 
future  privacy  laws  and  regulations,  which  could  impose  additional  costs  and  adversely  affect  its  results  of  operations  or 
financial condition.

Extended Warranty

Vehicle  service  agreements  are  regulated  in  all  states  in  the  United  States,  and  IWS,  Geminus  and  PWI  are  subject  to  these 
regulations.  Most states utilize the approach of the Uniform Service Contract Act which was adopted by the NAIC in the early 
1990's.    Under  that  scheme,  states  regulate  vehicle  service  contract  companies  by  requiring  them  annually  to  file 
documentation,  together  with  a  copy  of  the  contract  of  insurance  covering  their  liability  under  the  service  contracts,  which 
complies with the particular state's regulatory requirements.  IWS, Geminus and PWI are in compliance with the regulations of 
each state in which it sells vehicle service agreements.

Certain, but not all, states regulate the sale of HVAC and equipment warranty contracts.  Trinity is licensed as a service contract 
provider in those states where it is required.

The  insurance  carrier  providing  the  contractual  liability  coverage  for  the  insured  warranty  product  offered  by  PWSC  is 
designated as a surplus lines carrier in all states.  The offering of surplus lines insurance is regulated in all states.  The insurance 
carrier has designated an agent within PWSC who is a licensed property and casualty broker and a surplus lines broker in all 
states where such a license is required.  PWSC is in compliance with the regulations of each state in which it offers its insured 
warranty  products.    In  addition,  New  Jersey  and  Maryland  require  PWSC  to  file  its  warranty  plan  documents  and  other 
company information for periodic review and approval to demonstrate compliance with new home warranty plan regulations 
promulgated by those jurisdictions.  New Jersey requires such a filing every two years.  Maryland requires a filing every year.  
PWSC is in compliance with the filing requirements of each state.

HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT

At December 31, 2020, the Company employed 239 personnel supporting its continuing operations, all of which were full-time 
employees.   None of our employees is subject to a collective bargaining agreement and we consider our relationship with our 
employees to be good.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

We believe the skills and experience of our employees are an essential driver of our business and important to our future 
prospects.  To attract qualified applicants and retain our employees, we offer our employees what we believe to be competitive 
salaries, comprehensive benefit packages, equity compensation awards, and discretionary bonuses based on a combination of 
seniority, individual performance and corporate performance.  The principal purposes of these employee benefits are to attract, 
retain, reward and motivate our personnel and to provide long-term incentives that align the interests of employees with the 
interests of our stockholders.

ACCESS TO REPORTS

The Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments 
to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are made available 
free  of  charge  through  its  website  at  www.kingsway-financial.com  as  soon  as  reasonably  practicable  after  such  material  is 
electronically filed with, or furnished to, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC").

Item 1A. Risk Factors 

Most issuers, including Kingsway, are exposed to numerous risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from 
recent results or anticipated future results.  The risks and uncertainties described below are those specific to the Company that 
we currently believe have the potential to be material, but they may not be the only ones we face.  If any of the following risks, 
or  any  other  risks  and  uncertainties  that  we  have  not  yet  identified  or  that  we  currently  consider  not  to  be  material,  actually 
occur  or  become  material  risks,  our  business,  prospects,  financial  condition,  results  of  operations  and  cash  flows  could  be 
materially and adversely affected.  Investors are advised to consider these factors along with the other information included in 
this 2020 Annual Report and to consult any further disclosures Kingsway makes on related subjects in its filings with the SEC.

FINANCIAL RISK

We  have  substantial  outstanding  recourse  debt,  which  could  adversely  affect  our  ability  to  obtain  financing  in  the 
future, react to changes in our business and satisfy our obligations. 

As of December 31, 2020, we had $90.5 million principal value of outstanding recourse subordinated debt, in the form of trust 
preferred debt instruments, with redemption dates beginning in December 2032, which in addition to the $90.5 million principal 
has deferred interest accrued as of December 31, 2020 of $14.1 million.  Related to our acquisition on December 1, 2020 of 
PWI  Holdings,  Inc.  and  its  various  subsidiaries  (collectively,  "PWI"),  we  have  $25.7  million  principal  value  of  acquisition 
financing outstanding as of December 31, 2020.  Because of our substantial outstanding recourse debt:

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our  ability  to  engage  in  acquisitions  without  raising  additional  equity  or  obtaining  additional  debt  financing  could  be 
limited;  
our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements 
or  general  corporate  purposes  and  our  ability  to  satisfy  our  obligations  with  respect  to  our  debt  may  be  impaired  in  the 
future; 
a  large  portion  of  our  cash  flow  must  be  dedicated  to  the  payment  of  interest  on  our  debt,  thereby  reducing  the  funds 
available to us for other purposes; 
we  are  exposed  to  the  risk  of  increased  interest  rates  because  our  outstanding  subordinated  debt  and  our  outstanding 
acquisition  financing  bear  interest  directly  related  to  the  London  interbank  offered  interest  rate  ("LIBOR")  or  any 
equivalent replacement benchmark as defined in the underlying loan documents; 
it may be more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations to our creditors, resulting in possible defaults on, and acceleration 
of, such debt; 
we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions; 
we may be at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors with proportionately less debt or with comparable 
debt on more favorable terms and, as a result, they may be better positioned to withstand economic downturns; 
our ability to refinance debt may be limited or the associated costs may increase; 
our ability to transfer funds among our various subsidiaries and/or distribute such funds to the holding company may be 
limited;
our flexibility to adjust to changing market conditions and ability to withstand competitive pressures could be limited;  
we may be unable to redeem outstanding shares of our redeemable preferred stock on the required date, which could lead to 
increased financing costs and/or costs associated with disputes involving the holders of such preferred stock; and
we may be prevented from carrying out capital spending that is, among other things, necessary or important to our growth 
strategy and efforts to improve the operating results of our businesses.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Increases in interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our outstanding recourse debt and could adversely affect 
our results of operation. 

Our  outstanding  recourse  debt  of  $90.5  million  principal  value  and  our  outstanding  acquisition  financing  of  $25.7  million 
related  to  the  acquisition  of  PWI  bear  interest  directly  related  to  LIBOR  (and  will  in  the  future  relate  to  one  or  more  as-yet 
unidentified  replacement  benchmarks).    As  a  result,  increases  in  LIBOR  (or  the  applicable  replacement  benchmark)  would 
increase  the  cost  of  servicing  our  debt  and  could  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations.    Each  one  hundred  basis  point 
increase  in  LIBOR  (or  the  replacement  benchmark)  would  result  in  an  approximately  $1.3  million  increase  in  our  annual 
interest expense.

The expected discontinuation of LIBOR could adversely affect the cost of servicing our outstanding debt. 

Our  outstanding  recourse  subordinate  debt  of  $90.5  million  principal  value,  which  has  redemption  dates  ranging  from 
December 4, 2032 through January 8, 2034, and our outstanding acquisition financing of $25.7 million related to the acquisition 
of PWI, which has a maturity date of December 1, 2025, bear interest directly related to LIBOR and extend beyond 2021, by 
which time the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, has announced it intends to phase out 
LIBOR.  If LIBOR phases out, the indentures governing the Company’s outstanding recourse debt and the loan and security 
agreement  governing  our  outstanding  acquisition  financing  provide  alternative  means  of  determining  the  Company’s  interest 
expense  on  its  outstanding  debt.    At  this  time,  the  Company  cannot  yet  reasonably  estimate  the  expected  impact  of  a 
discontinuation of LIBOR.

Our operations are restricted by the terms of our debt indentures, which could limit our ability to plan for or react to 
market conditions or meet our capital needs.

Our  debt  indentures  contain  numerous  covenants  that  may  limit  our  ability,  among  other  things,  to  make  particular  types  of 
restricted payments and pay dividends or redeem capital stock.  The covenants under our debt agreements could limit our ability 
to  plan  for  or  react  to  market  conditions  or  to  meet  our  capital  needs.    No  assurances  can  be  given  that  we  will  be  able  to 
maintain compliance with these covenants.

If we are not able to comply with the covenants and other requirements contained in the debt indentures, an event of default 
under the relevant debt instrument could occur.  

The Board of Directors closely monitors the debt and capital position and, from time to time, recommends capital initiatives 
based upon the circumstances of the Company. 

The Real Property is leased pursuant to a long-term triple net lease and the failure of the tenant to satisfy its obligations 
under  the  lease  could  adversely  affect  the  condition  of  the  Real  Property  or  the  results  of  the  Leased  Real  Estate 
segment.

Because the Real Property is leased pursuant to a long-term triple net lease, we depend on the tenant to pay all insurance, taxes, 
utilities, common area maintenance charges, maintenance and repair expenses and to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless 
from and against various claims, litigation and liabilities arising in connection with its business, including any environmental 
liabilities.  There can be no assurance that the tenant will have sufficient assets, income and access to financing to enable it to 
satisfy its payment obligations to us under the lease.  The inability or unwillingness of the tenant to meet its rent obligations or 
to satisfy its other obligations, including indemnification obligations, could materially adversely affect the business, financial 
position or results of operations of our Leased Real Estate segment.  Furthermore, the inability or unwillingness of the tenant to 
satisfy its other obligations under the lease, such as the payment of insurance, taxes and utilities, could materially and adversely 
affect the condition of the Real Property.

Our triple net lease agreement requires that the tenant maintain comprehensive liability and hazard insurance; however, there 
are  certain  types  of  losses  (including  losses  arising  from  environmental  conditions  or  of  a  catastrophic  nature,  such  as 
earthquakes,  hurricanes  and  floods)  that  may  be  uninsurable  or  not  economically  insurable.    Insurance  coverage  may  not  be 
sufficient to pay the full current market value or current replacement cost of a loss.  Inflation, changes in building codes and 
ordinances, environmental considerations, and other factors also might make it infeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace 
the property after such property has been damaged or destroyed.  In addition, if we experience a loss that is uninsured or that 
exceeds policy coverage limits, we could lose the capital invested in the property as well as the anticipated future cash flows 
from the property.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

We may not be able to realize our investment objectives, which could significantly reduce our earnings and liquidity.

We depend on our investments for a substantial portion of our liquidity.  As of December 31, 2020, our investments included 
$20.7 million of fixed maturities, at fair value.  General economic conditions can adversely affect the markets for interest rate-
sensitive  instruments,  including  the  extent  and  timing  of  investor  participation  in  such  markets,  the  level  and  volatility  of 
interest  rates  and,  consequently,  the  fair  value  of  fixed  maturities.    In  addition,  changing  economic  conditions  can  result  in 
increased  defaults  by  the  issuers  of  investments  that  we  own.    Interest  rates  are  highly  sensitive  to  many  factors,  including 
monetary policies, domestic and international economic and political conditions and other factors beyond our control.  Given 
the low interest rate environment that exists for fixed maturities, a significant increase in investment yields or an impairment of 
investments that we own could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition by 
reducing the fair value of the investments we own, particularly if we were forced to liquidate investments at a loss.  The low 
interest rate environment for fixed maturities that has existed for years also exposes us to reinvestment risk as these investments 
mature because the funds may be reinvested at rates lower than those of the maturing investments.

As of December 31, 2020, our investments also included $0.4 million of equity investments, $3.7 million of limited liability 
investments, $32.8 million of limited liability investments, at fair value, $0.8 million of investments in private companies, at 
adjusted  cost,  $10.7  million  of  real  estate  investments,  at  fair  value  and  other  investments,  at  cost  of  $0.3  million.    These 
investments are less liquid than fixed maturities.  We generally make these investments with long-term time horizons in mind.  
General  economic  conditions,  stock  market  conditions  and  many  other  factors  can  adversely  affect  the  fair  value  of  the 
investments  we  own.    If  circumstances  necessitated  us  disposing  of  our  limited  liability  investments  prematurely  in  order  to 
generate liquidity for operating purposes, we would be exposed to realizing less than their carrying value.

Our ability to achieve our investment objectives is affected by general economic conditions that are beyond our control and our 
own liquidity needs for operating purposes.  We may not be able to realize our investment objectives, which could adversely  
affect our results of operations, financial condition and available cash resources.  

We will continue to be adversely impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19.

In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus was recognized as a pandemic by the 
World Health Organization. Shortly thereafter, the President of the United States declared a National Emergency throughout the 
United States attributable to such outbreak. The outbreak has become increasingly widespread in the United States, including in 
the markets in which we operate. We are currently taking steps to assess the effects, and mitigate the adverse consequences to 
our businesses, of the outbreak; however, though the magnitude of the impact continues to develop, our businesses have been 
and will continue to be adversely impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. 

In addition to adverse United States domestic and global macroeconomic effects, including the adverse impacts on automobile 
sales and new home construction, which has decreased, and may continue to decrease, consumer demand for our products and 
services, reduce our ability to access capital, and otherwise adversely impact the operation of our businesses, the outbreak of 
COVID-19  has  caused,  and  will  continue  to  cause,  substantial  disruption  to  our  employees,  distribution  channels,  investors, 
tenants, and customers through self-isolation, travel limitations, business restrictions, and other means, all of which has resulted 
in declines in sales. These effects, individually or in the aggregate, will continue to adversely impact our businesses, financial 
condition, operating results and cash flows and such adverse impacts may be material.

Any of the foregoing factors, or other cascading effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are not currently foreseeable, could 
materially  increase  our  costs,  negatively  impact  our  sales  and  damage  the  company’s  results  of  operations  and  its  liquidity 
position, possibly to a significant degree. The duration of any such impacts cannot be predicted.

A difficult economy generally could materially adversely affect the credit, investment and financial markets which, in 
turn, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

An adverse change in market conditions, including changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to instability in the 
global  credit  markets  presents  additional  risks  and  uncertainties  for  our  business.  Depending  on  market  conditions  going 
forward, we could incur substantial realized and unrealized losses in future periods, which could have an adverse effect on our 
results of operations or financial condition. Certain trust accounts for the benefit of related companies and third-parties have 
been  established  with  collateral  on  deposit  under  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  relevant  trust  agreements.  The  value  of 
collateral  could  fall  below  the  levels  required  under  these  agreements  putting  the  subsidiary  or  subsidiaries  in  breach  of  the 
agreements. 

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Market  volatility  may  also  make  it  more  difficult  to  value  certain  of  our  investments  if  trading  becomes  less  frequent. 
Disruptions, uncertainty and volatility in the global credit markets may also adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for 
future acquisitions. If financing is available, it may only be available at an unattractive cost of capital, which would decrease 
our profitability. There can be no assurance that market conditions will not deteriorate in the near future.

Financial disruption or a prolonged economic downturn could materially and adversely affect our business.

Worldwide  financial  markets  have  recently  experienced  periods  of  extraordinary  disruption  and  volatility,  which  has  been 
exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in heightened credit risk, reduced valuation of investments and decreased 
economic  activity.  Moreover,  many  companies  have  experienced  reduced  liquidity  and  uncertainty  as  to  their  ability  to  raise 
capital during such periods of market disruption and volatility. In the event that these conditions recur or result in a prolonged 
economic  downturn,  our  results  of  operations,  financial  position  and/or  liquidity  could  be  materially  and  adversely  affected. 
These market conditions may affect the Company's ability to access debt and equity capital markets. 

We are party to a Settlement Agreement that may require us to make cash payments from time to time, which payments 
could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

In  May  2016,  Aegis  Security  Insurance  Company  ("Aegis")  filed  a  complaint  for  breach  of  contract  and  declaratory  relief 
against  the  Company  in  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania  alleging,  among  other  things,  that  we  breached  a  contractual 
obligation  to  indemnify  Aegis  for  certain  customs  bond  losses  incurred  by  Aegis  under  the  indemnity  and  hold  harmless 
agreements  provided  by  us  to  Aegis  for  certain  customs  bonds  reinsured  by  Lincoln  General  Insurance  Company  ("Lincoln 
General") during the period of time that Lincoln General was a subsidiary of the Company.  Lincoln General was placed into 
liquidation in November 2015 and Aegis subsequently invoked its rights to indemnity under the indemnity and hold harmless 
agreements.

Effective  January  20,  2020,  we  entered  into  a  Settlement  Agreement  with  Aegis  with  respect  to  such  litigation  pursuant  to 
which we agreed to pay Aegis a one-time settlement amount of $0.9 million and to reimburse Aegis for 60% of future losses 
that  Aegis  may  sustain  in  connection  with  such  customs  bonds,  up  to  a  maximum  reimbursement  amount  of  $4.8  million.  
During  the  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  2020,  the  Company  made  reimbursement  payments  to  Aegis  totaling  $0.5  million  in 
connection  with  the  Settlement  Agreement.    The  timing  and  severity  of  our  future  payments  pursuant  to  this  Settlement 
Agreement  are  not  reasonably  determinable.    No  assurances  can  be  given,  however,  that  we  will  not  be  required  to  perform 
under  this  Settlement  Agreement  in  a  manner  that  has  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  or 
financial condition. 

We are required to indemnify the buyer of our non-standard automobile businesses, which could materially adversely 
affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

On  July  16,  2018,  we  announced  we  had  entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  sell  our  non-standard  automobile  insurance 
companies  Mendota,  Mendakota  and  MCC  (collectively  "Mendota").    On  October  18,  2018,  we  completed  the  previously 
announced sale of Mendota.  The final aggregate purchase price of $28.6 million was redeployed primarily to acquire various 
investments that were owned by Mendota at the time of the closing, and to fund $5.0 million into an escrow account to be used 
to  satisfy  potential  indemnity  obligations  under  the  definitive  stock  purchase  agreement.    As  part  of  the  transaction,  we  will 
indemnify  the  buyer  for  any  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  with  respect  to  open  claims  and  certain  specified  claims  in 
excess  of  Mendota’s  carried  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  at  June  30,  2018.    The  maximum  obligation  to  the 
Company with respect to the open claims was $2.5 million.  There is no maximum obligation to the Company with respect to 
the specified claims.

During  2019,  Mendota  notified  us  that  it  had  entered  into  agreements  to  settle  the  specified  claims.    Our  potential  exposure 
under  the  indemnity  obligation  with  respect  to  the  open  claims  is  not  reasonably  determinable,  and  no  liability  has  been 
recorded  in  our  Consolidated  Financial  Statements.  No  assurances  can  be  given,  however,  that  we  will  not  be  required  to 
perform  under  the  indemnity  obligation  for  the  open  claims  in  a  manner  that  has  a  material  adverse  effect  on  our  business, 
results of operations or financial condition.

We  have  generated  net  operating  loss  carryforwards  for  U.S.  income  tax  purposes,  but  our  ability  to  use  these  net 
operating losses could be limited by our inability to generate future taxable income.

Our U.S. businesses have generated consolidated net operating loss carryforwards ("U.S. NOLs") for U.S. federal income tax 
purposes of approximately $845.5 million as of December 31, 2020.  These U.S. NOLs can be available to reduce income taxes 
that  might  otherwise  be  incurred  on  future  U.S.  taxable  income  and  would  have  a  positive  effect  on  our  cash  flow.    Our 

13

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

operations, however, remain challenged, and there can be no assurance that we will generate the taxable income in the future 
necessary  to  utilize  these  U.S.  NOLs  and  realize  the  positive  cash  flow  benefit.    Also,  almost  all  of  our  U.S.  NOLs  have 
expiration dates.  There can be no assurance that, if and when we generate taxable income in the future from operations or the 
sale of assets or businesses, we will generate such taxable income before our U.S. NOLs expire.

We  have  generated  U.S.  NOLs,  but  our  ability  to  preserve  and  use  these  U.S.  NOLs  could  be  limited  or  impaired  by 
future ownership changes.

Our  ability  to  utilize  the  U.S.  NOLs  after  an  "ownership  change"  is  subject  to  the  rules  of  Section  382  of  the  U.S.  Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended ("Section 382").  An ownership change occurs if, among other things, the shareholders (or 
specified groups of shareholders) who own or have owned, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the value of our 
shares or are otherwise treated as five percent (5%) shareholders under Section 382 and the regulations promulgated thereunder 
increase  their  aggregate  percentage  ownership  of  the  value  of  our  shares  by  more  than  fifty  (50)  percentage  points  over  the 
lowest  percentage  of  the  value  of  the  shares  owned  by  these  shareholders  over  a  three-year  rolling  period.    An  ownership 
change  could  also  be  triggered  by  other  activities,  including  the  sale  of  our  shares  that  are  owned  by  our  five  percent  (5%) 
shareholders.

In the event of an ownership change, Section 382 would impose an annual limitation on the amount of taxable income we may 
offset with U.S. NOLs.  This annual limitation is generally equal to the product of the value of our shares on the date of the 
ownership change multiplied by the long-term tax-exempt rate in effect on the date of the ownership change.  The long-term 
tax-exempt  rate  is  published  monthly  by  the  Internal  Revenue  Service.    Any  unused  Section  382  annual  limitation  may  be 
carried over to later years until the applicable expiration date for the respective U.S. NOLs.  In the event an ownership change 
as  defined  under  Section  382  were  to  occur,  our  ability  to  utilize  our  U.S.  NOLs  would  become  substantially  limited.    The 
consequence of this limitation would be the potential loss of a significant future cash flow benefit because we would no longer 
be able to substantially offset future taxable income with U.S. NOLs.  There can be no assurance that such ownership change 
will not occur in the future.

Expiration  of  our  tax  benefit  preservation  plan  could  increase  the  probability  that  we  will  experience  an  ownership 
change as defined under Section 382.

In order to reduce the likelihood that we would experience an ownership change without the approval of our Board of Directors, 
our shareholders ratified and approved the tax benefit preservation plan agreement (the "Plan"), dated as of September 28, 2010, 
between  the  Company  and  Computershare  Investor  Services  Inc.,  as  rights  agent,  for  the  sole  purpose  of  protecting  the  U.S. 
NOLs.  The Plan expired on September 28, 2013.  There can be no assurance that our Board of Directors will recommend to our 
shareholders that a similar tax benefit preservation plan be approved to replace the expired Plan; furthermore, there can be no 
assurance that our shareholders would approve any new tax benefit preservation plan were our Board of Directors to present 
one for shareholder approval.  The expiration of the Plan, without a new tax benefit preservation plan, exposes us to certain 
changes in share ownership that we would not be able to prevent as we would have been able to prevent under the Plan.  Such 
changes in share ownership could trigger an ownership change as defined under Section 382 resulting in restrictions on the use 
of NOLs in future periods, as discussed above.

We will only be able to utilize our U.S. NOLs against the future taxable income generated by companies we acquire if we 
are able to include the acquired companies in our U.S. consolidated tax return group.

We have in the past acquired companies and expect to do so in the future.  Our ability to include acquired companies in our 
U.S.    consolidated  tax  return  group  is  subject  to  the  rules  of  Section  1504  of  the  U.S.  Internal  Revenue  Code  of  1986,  as 
amended.    If  it  were  ever  determined  that  an  acquired  company  did  not  qualify  to  be  included  in  our  U.S.  consolidated  tax 
return group, such acquired company would be required to file a U.S. tax return separate and apart from our U.S. consolidated 
tax  return  group.    In  that  instance,  the  acquired  company  would  be  required  to  pay  U.S.  income  tax  on  its  taxable  income 
despite the existence of our U.S. NOLs, which would be a use of cash at the acquired company; furthermore, were the income 
tax obligation of the acquired company in such instance to be greater than its available cash, we could be obligated to contribute 
cash to our subsidiary to meet its income tax obligation.  There can be no assurance that an acquired company will generate 
taxable income and, if an acquired company does generate taxable income, there can be no assurance that the acquired company 
will be allowed to be included in our U.S. consolidated tax return group.

14

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

COMPLIANCE RISK 

If we fail to comply with applicable insurance and securities laws or regulatory requirements, our business, results of 
operations, financial condition or cash flow could be adversely affected.

As  a  publicly  traded  holding  company  listed  on  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange,  we  are  subject  to  numerous  laws  and 
regulations.    These  laws  and  regulations  delegate  regulatory,  supervisory  and  administrative  powers  to  federal,  provincial  or 
state regulators. 

In light of financial performance and a number of material transactions executed over the years, the Company has been asked to 
respond to questions from and provide information to regulatory bodies overseeing insurance and/or securities laws in Canada 
and  the  United  States.    The  Company  has  cooperated  in  all  respects  with  these  reviews  and  has  responded  to  information 
requests on a timely basis. 

Any  failure  to  comply  with  applicable  laws  or  regulations  or  the  mandates  of  applicable  regulators  could  result  in  the 
imposition of fines or significant restrictions on our ability to do business, which could adversely affect our results of operations 
or financial condition.  In addition, any changes in laws or regulations (or the interpretation or application thereof, including 
changes  to  applicable  case  law  and  legal  precedent)  could  materially  adversely  affect  our  business,  results  of  operations  or 
financial condition.  It is not possible to predict the future effect of changing federal, state and provincial law or regulation (or 
the interpretation or application thereof) on our operations, and there can be no assurance that laws and regulations enacted in 
the future will not be more restrictive than existing laws and regulations.

Our business is subject to risks related to litigation.

In  connection  with  our  operations  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  we  are  named  as  defendants  in  various  actions  for 
damages and costs allegedly sustained by the plaintiffs.  While it is not possible to estimate the loss, or range of loss, if any, that 
would be incurred in connection with any of the various proceedings at this time, it is possible an individual action would result 
in a loss having a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Material  weaknesses  in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  could  result  in  material  misstatements  in  our 
consolidated financial statements.

We are required to evaluate the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures under the 
Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934.    As  described  in  Item  9A,  Controls  and  Procedures,  of  this  2020  Annual  Report,  we  have 
identified  the  existence  of  material  weaknesses  in  internal  control  over  financial  reporting.    As  discussed  in  Note  3, 
"Restatement  of  Previously  Issued  Financial  Statements,"  to  the  2018  Annual  Report  on  Form  10-K  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2018, filed on February 27, 2020, we have restated our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year 
ended December 31, 2017.  We are actively engaged in developing and implementing remediation plans as described in Item 
9A, Controls and Procedures, of this 2020 Annual Report, but we can provide no assurance that additional material weaknesses 
in  our  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  will  not  be  identified  in  the  future  and  that  such  material  weaknesses,  if 
identified, will not result in material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements.

Failure  to  comply  with  the  NYSE’s  continued  listing  requirements  and  rules  could  result  in  the  NYSE  delisting  our 
common stock, which could negatively affect our company, the price of our common stock and your ability to sell our 
common stock.

On  April  17,  2020,  the  Company  received  a  notice  from  NYSE  that  the  Company  is  not  in  compliance  with  NYSE  listing 
standard  802.01B  because  our  average  global  market  capitalization  over  a  consecutive  30  trading-day  period  was  less  than 
$50.0  million  and  stockholders’  equity  was  less  than  $50.0  million.  In  accordance  with  the  NYSE  listing  requirements,  we 
submitted a plan that demonstrated how we expected to return to compliance with NYSE listing standard 802.01B. On July 9, 
2020,  the  NYSE  notified  us  that  our  plan  was  accepted.  On  January  18,  2021,  NYSE  notified  us  that  we  were  again  in 
compliance with NYSE listing standard 802.01B but that we were subject to continued monitoring and review for a period of 
12 months. If we fail to meet the continued listing standard throughout this period, we may be subject to corrective action by 
NYSE, which may include suspension and delisting procedures.

If we are unable to satisfy the NYSE criteria for continued listing, our common stock would be subject to delisting. A delisting 
of  our  common  stock  could  negatively  impact  us  by,  among  other  things,  reducing  the  liquidity  and  market  price  of  our 
common stock; reducing the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our common stock, which could negatively impact 
our ability to raise equity financing; decreasing the amount of news and analyst coverage of us; and limiting our ability to issue 

15

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. In addition, delisting from the NYSE may negatively impact 
our reputation and, consequently, our business.

STRATEGIC RISK

The achievement of our strategic objectives is highly dependent on effective change management.

We have restructured our operating insurance subsidiaries, including exiting states and lines of business, placing subsidiaries 
into voluntary run-off, terminating managing general agent relationships, hiring a new management team and selling Mendota 
on October 18, 2018, with the objective of focusing on our Extended Warranty segment, creating a more effective and efficient 
operating  structure  and  focusing  on  profitability.  These  actions  resulted  in  changes  to  our  structure  and  business  processes. 
While these changes are expected to bring us benefits in the form of a more agile and focused business, success is dependent on 
management effectively realizing the intended benefits. Change management may result in disruptions to the operations of the 
business  or  may  cause  employees  to  act  in  a  manner  that  is  inconsistent  with  our  objectives.    Any  of  these  events  could 
negatively affect our performance.  We may not always achieve the expected cost savings and other benefits of our initiatives.

We may experience difficulty continuing to reduce our holding company expenses while at the same time retaining staff 
given the significant reduction in size and scale of our businesses.

We have divested a number of subsidiaries.  At the same time, we have been downsizing our holding company expense base in 
an  attempt  to  compensate  for  the  reduction  in  scale.    There  can  be  no  assurance  that  our  remaining  businesses  will  produce 
enough cash flow to adequately compensate and retain staff and to service our other holding company obligations, particularly 
the interest expense burden of our remaining outstanding debt.

The  highly  competitive  environment  in  which  we  operate  could  have  an  adverse  effect  on  our  business,  results  of 
operations or financial condition.

The  vehicle  service  agreement  market  in  which  we  compete  is  comprised  of  a  few  large  companies,  which  market  service 
agreements on a national basis and have significantly more financial, marketing and management resources than we do, as well 
as  several  other  companies  that  are  somewhat  similar  in  size  to  our  Extended  Warranty  companies.    In  addition,  the 
homebuilder warranty market in which we operate is comprised of several competitors.  There may also be other companies of 
which we are not aware that may be planning to enter the vehicle service agreement and homebuilder warranty industries.

Competitors in our market generally compete on coverages offered, claims handling, customer service, financial stability and, 
to a lesser extent, price.  Larger competitors of ours benefit from added advantages such as industry endorsements and preferred 
vendor status.  We do not believe that it is in our best interest to compete solely on price.  Instead, we focus our marketing on 
the total value experience, with an emphasis on customer service. While we historically have been able to adjust our product 
offering to remain competitive when competitors have focused on price, our business could be adversely affected by the loss of 
business to competitors offering vehicle service agreements and homebuilder warranties at lower prices. 

Engaging  in  acquisitions  involves  risks,  and,  if  we  are  unable  to  effectively  manage  these  risks,  our  business  could  be 
materially harmed.

From time to time we engage in discussions concerning acquisition opportunities and, as a result of such discussions, may enter 
into acquisition transactions.

Acquisitions entail numerous potential risks, including the following:

•

•
•
•
•

difficulties in the integration of the acquired business, including implementation of proper internal controls over financial 
reporting;
assumption of unknown material liabilities; 
diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;
failure to achieve financial or operating objectives and/or anticipated cost savings; and
potential loss of customers or key employees of acquired companies.

We may not be able to integrate or operate successfully any business, operations, personnel, services or products that we may 
acquire in the future.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Engaging in new business start-ups involves risks, and, if we are unable to effectively manage these risks, our business 
could be materially harmed.

From  time  to  time  we  engage  in  discussions  concerning  the  formation  of  a  new  business  venture  and,  as  a  result  of  such 
discussions, may form and capitalize a new business.

New business start-ups entail numerous potential risks, including the following:

•
•
•
•
•

identification of appropriate management to run the new business;
understanding the strategic, competitive and marketplace dynamics of the new business and, perhaps, industry;
establishment of proper financial and operational controls;
diversion of management's attention from other business concerns; and
failure to achieve financial or operating objectives.

We may not be able to operate successfully any business, operations, personnel, services or products that we may organize as a 
new business start-up in the future.

OPERATIONAL RISK

Our provisions for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses may be inadequate, which would result in a reduction in 
our net income and could adversely affect our financial condition.

Our  provisions  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  at  Amigo  do  not  represent  an  exact  calculation  of  our  actual 
liability but are estimates involving actuarial and statistical projections at a given point in time of what we expect to be the cost 
of  the  ultimate  settlement  and  administration  of  reported  and  IBNR  claims.    The  process  for  establishing  the  provision  for 
unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  reflects  the  uncertainties  and  significant  judgmental  factors  inherent  in  estimating 
future results of both reported and IBNR claims and, as such, the process is inherently complex and imprecise.  These estimates 
are based upon various factors, including:

•
•
•
•
•

•

actuarial projections of the cost of settlement and administration of claims reflecting facts and circumstances then known;
legal theories of liability;
variability in claims-handling procedures;
economic factors such as inflation;
judicial  and  legislative  trends,  actions  such  as  class  action  lawsuits,  and  judicial  interpretation  of  coverages  or 
policy exclusions; and
the level of insurance fraud.

Most  or  all  of  these  factors  are  not  directly  quantifiable,  particularly  on  a  prospective  basis,  and  the  effects  of  these  and 
unforeseen factors could negatively affect our ability to accurately assess the risks of outstanding policies.  In addition, there 
may be significant reporting lags between the occurrence of insured events and the time they are actually reported to us and 
additional lags between the time of reporting and final settlement of claims.

As  time  passes  and  more  information  about  the  claims  becomes  known,  the  estimates  are  appropriately  adjusted  upward  or 
downward  to  reflect  this  additional  information.    Because  of  the  elements  of  uncertainty  encompassed  in  this  estimation 
process, and the extended time it can take to settle many of the more substantial claims, several years of experience may be 
required before a meaningful comparison can be made between actual losses and the original provision for unpaid loss and loss 
adjustment expenses.

We cannot assure that we will not have unfavorable development in the future and that such unfavorable development will not 
have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. 

Our Extended Warranty subsidiaries' deferred service fees may be inadequate, which would result in a reduction in our 
net income and could adversely affect our financial condition.

Our  Extended  Warranty  subsidiaries'  deferred  service  fees  do  not  represent  an  exact  calculation  but  are  estimates  involving 
actuarial  and  statistical  projections  at  a  given  point  in  time  of  what  we  expect  to  be  the  remaining  future  revenue  to  be 
recognized in relation to our remaining future obligations to provide policy administration and claim-handling services.  The 
process for establishing deferred service fees reflects the uncertainties and significant judgmental factors inherent in estimating 
the length of time and the amount of work related to our future service obligations.  If we amortize the deferred service fees too 
quickly, we could overstate current revenues, which may adversely affect future reported operating results.

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

As time passes and more information about the remaining service obligations becomes known, the estimates are appropriately 
adjusted upward or downward to reflect this additional information.  We cannot assure that we will not have unfavorable re-
estimations in the future of our deferred service fees and that such unfavorable re-estimations will not have a material adverse 
effect  on  our  business,  results  of  operations  or  financial  condition.    In  addition,  we  have  in  the  past,  and  may  in  the  future, 
acquire companies that record deferred service fees.  We cannot assure that the deferred service fees of the companies that we 
acquire are or will be adequate.

Extended  Warranty's  reliance  on  credit  unions  and  dealers,  as  well  as  our  overall  reliance  on  automobile  sales  could 
adversely affect our ability to maintain business.

The  Extended  Warranty  business  markets  and  distributes  vehicle  service  agreements  through  a  network  of  credit  unions  and 
dealers in the United States.  We have competitors that offer similar products exclusively through credit unions and competitors 
that distribute similar products through dealers.  Loss of all or a substantial portion of our existing relationships could have a 
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.  Moreover, our vehicle service agreement 
businesses rely heavily on the sale of new and used vehicles to drive product sales. Accordingly, a significant decline in new 
and used automobile sales could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our reliance on homebuilders and new home sales could adversely affect our ability to maintain business.

We market and distribute our core home warranty products through homebuilders throughout the United States.  As a result, we 
rely  heavily  on  these  homebuilders  to  generate  new  business.    The  builders  are  part  of  the  new  home  construction  industry, 
which  is  cyclical  and  closely  correlated  with  large  macro-economic  factors,  such  as  interest  and  unemployment  rates,  wage 
growth, and government regulation.  We bill certain builders at the end of the policy period, which could extend over more than 
one year.  During economic downturns, our customers build fewer homes and also reduce operating expenses by insourcing key 
functions, such as warranty administration; in turn, our revenue has the propensity to decline during these times.  Loss of all or 
a substantial portion of our existing homebuilder relationships; a significant decline in new home sales; or collection risk due to 
unbilled accounts receivable could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our reliance on a limited number of warranty and maintenance support clients and customers could adversely affect 
our ability to maintain business.

We market and distribute our warranty products and equipment breakdown and maintenance support services through a limited 
number of customers and clients across the United States.  Loss of all or a substantial portion of our existing customers and 
clients could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Disruptions  or  security  failures  in  our  information  technology  systems  could  create  liability  for  us  and/or  limit  our 
ability to effectively monitor, operate and control our operations and adversely affect our reputation, business, financial 
condition, results of operation and cash flows.

Our  information  technology  systems  facilitate  our  ability  to  monitor,  operate  and  control  our  operations.    Changes  or 
modifications to our information technology systems could cause disruption to our operations or cause challenges with respect 
to  our  compliance  with  laws,  regulations  or  other  applicable  standards.    For  example,  delays,  higher  than  expected  costs  or 
unsuccessful implementation of new information technology systems could adversely affect our operations.  In addition, any 
disruption in or failure of our information technology systems to operate as expected could, depending on the magnitude of the 
problem,  adversely  affect  our  business,  financial  condition,  results  of  operation  and  cash  flows,  including  by  limiting  our 
capacity to monitor, operate and control our operations effectively.  Failures of our information technology systems could also 
lead  to  violations  of  privacy  laws,  regulations,  trade  guidelines  or  practices  related  to  our  customers  and  employees.    If  our 
disaster  recovery  plans  do  not  work  as  anticipated,  or  if  the  third-party  vendors  to  which  we  have  outsourced  certain 
information technology or other services fail to fulfill their obligations to us, our operations may be adversely affected.  Any of 
these circumstances could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operation and cash flows.

Our success depends on our ability to price accurately the risks we underwrite. 

Our results of operation or financial condition depend on our ability to price accurately for a wide variety of risks.  Adequate 
rates are necessary to generate revenues sufficient to pay expenses and to earn a profit.  To price our products accurately, we 
must collect and properly analyze a substantial amount of data; develop, test and apply appropriate pricing techniques; closely 
monitor and timely recognize changes in trends; and project both severity and frequency of losses with reasonable accuracy.  
Our ability to undertake these efforts successfully, and as a result price our products accurately, is subject to a number of risks 
and uncertainties, some of which are outside our control, including: 

18

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

•
•
•
•

the availability of reliable data and our ability to properly analyze available data;
the uncertainties that inherently characterize estimates and assumptions;
our selection and application of appropriate pricing techniques; and
changes in applicable legal liability standards and in the civil litigation system generally.

Consequently, we could underprice risks, which would adversely affect our results, or we could overprice risks, which would 
reduce  our  sales  volume  and  competitiveness.    In  either  case,  our  results  of  operation  could  be  materially  and  adversely 
affected.

Our results of operation or financial condition could be adversely affected by the results of our voluntary run-off of our 
insurance subsidiary.

The Company currently has Amigo operating in voluntary run-off.  Our success at managing this run-off is highly dependent 
upon proper claim-handling, the outcomes of the remaining open claims and the availability of the necessary liquidity to pay 
claims  when  due.    In  connection  with  our  sale  of  Mendota,  Amigo  entered  into  a  Claims  and  Administrative  Services 
Agreement (the "CASA") with Mendota pursuant to which, among other things, Mendota provides certain claims and policy 
administrative services and collections services for Amigo and upon which Amigo relies in order to effectively administer its 
run-off. As a result, we are dependent in part on Mendota's continued performance of services in accordance with the terms of 
the  CASA  and  on  Mendota's  ability  to  retain  the  services  of  appropriately  trained  and  supervised  claim-handling  personnel.  
The loss of the services of any of such key claim-handling personnel working on our run-off, the inability to identify, hire and 
retain  other  highly  qualified  claim-handling  personnel  in  the  future,  the  termination  of  the  CASA  or  Mendota’s  failure  to 
perform  services  in  accordance  with  the  terms  of  the  CASA  could  adversely  affect  our  results  of  operations.    We  are  also 
dependent  upon  the  outcomes  of  the  remaining  open  claims,  some  of  which  may  be  volatile.    We  are  also  dependent  on  the 
continuing availability of the necessary liquidity to settle claims properly.  See the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of 
MD&A for additional detail regarding the voluntary run-off of Amigo.

HUMAN RESOURCES RISK

Our  business  depends  upon  key  employees,  and  if  we  are  unable  to  retain  the  services  of  these  key  employees  or  to 
attract and retain additional qualified personnel, our business could be adversely affected.

Our  success  at  improving  our  performance  will  be  dependent  in  part  on  our  ability  to  retain  the  services  of  our  existing  key 
employees  and  to  attract  and  retain  additional  qualified  personnel  in  the  future.    The  loss  of  the  services  of  any  of  our  key 
employees, or the inability to identify, hire and retain other highly qualified personnel in the future, could adversely affect our 
results of operations. 

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.
Item 2. Properties 

Leased Properties

Extended  Warranty  leases  facilities  with  an  aggregate  square  footage  of  approximately  44,757  at  six  locations  in  four  states.  
The latest expiration date of the existing leases is in July 2026.

The Company leases a facility for its corporate office with an aggregate square footage of approximately 6,338 at one location 
in one state.  The expiration date of the existing lease is in January 2023.

The properties described above are in good condition.  We consider our office facilities suitable and adequate for our current 
levels of operations.

Owned Properties

Leased  Real  Estate  owns  the  Real  Property,  which  is  subject  to  a  long-term  triple  net  lease  agreement.    The  Real  Property 
includes rail car tracks which provide rail car storage spaces and has 72 miles of double-ended rail track.  The Real Property 
also contains a 5,760 square foot office building with an attached observation tower comprised of 1,150 square feet.  

Investment Properties

The  Company  owns  six  investment  properties  subject  to  long-term  triple  net  lease  agreements.    These  properties  comprise 
57,360 square feet leased to tenants in the distribution and retail sectors.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

In connection with its operations in the ordinary course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are named as defendants 
in various actions for damages and costs allegedly sustained by the plaintiffs.  While it is not possible to estimate reasonably the 
loss, or range of loss, if any, that would be incurred in connection with any of the various proceedings at this time, it is possible 
an individual action could result in a loss having a material adverse effect on the Company's business, results of operations or 
financial condition.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

20

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Part II

Item  5.  Market  for  Registrant's  Common  Equity,  Related  Stockholder  Matters  and  Issuer  Purchases  of  Equity 
Securities

Market Information 

Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the trading symbol "KFS."  

The  following  table  sets  forth,  for  the  calendar  quarters  indicated,  the  high  and  low  sales  price  for  our  common  shares  as 
reported on the NYSE. 

2020

Quarter 4

Quarter 3

Quarter 2

Quarter 1

2019

Quarter 4

Quarter 3

Quarter 2

Quarter 1

Shareholders of Record

$ 

$ 

NYSE

High - US$

Low - US$

$ 

$ 

4.72 

3.10 

2.33 

2.29 

2.39 

2.95 

3.04 

3.10 

2.90 

2.17 

1.45 

1.59 

1.66 

2.20 

2.20 

2.11 

As of March 26, 2021 the closing sales price of our common shares as reported by the NYSE was $4.50 per share.  

As  of  March  29,  2021,  we  had  22,711,069  common  shares  issued  and  outstanding.    As  of  March  29,  2021,  there  were  11 
shareholders of record of our common stock.  The number of shareholders of record includes one single shareholder, Cede & 
Co.,  for  all  of  the  shares  held  by  our  shareholders  in  individual  brokerage  accounts  maintained  at  banks,  brokers  and 
institutions. 

Dividends 

The Company has not declared a dividend since the first quarter of 2009.  The declaration and payment of dividends is subject 
to  the  discretion  of  our  Board  of  Directors  after  taking  into  account  many  factors,  including  financial  condition,  results  of 
operations, anticipated cash needs and other factors deemed relevant by our Board of Directors.  For a discussion of our cash 
resources and needs, see the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section of MD&A.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The information required related to securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is incorporated herein by 
reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 
120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2020.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not have any unregistered sales of our equity securities.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we did not have any repurchases of our equity securities. 

21

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act; therefore, pursuant to Regulation S-K, we 
are not required to make disclosures under this Item.

22

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Item  7.  MANAGEMENT'S  DISCUSSION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF  FINANCIAL  CONDITION  AND  RESULTS  OF 
OPERATIONS

The following management's discussion and analysis ("MD&A") of our financial condition and results of operations should be 
read together with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2020 Annual Report.

OVERVIEW

Kingsway  is  a  Delaware  holding  company  with  operating  subsidiaries  located  in  the  United  States.    The  Company  owns  or 
controls subsidiaries primarily in the extended warranty, asset management and real estate industries.  Kingsway conducts its 
business through the following two reportable segments: Extended Warranty and Leased Real Estate.  

Extended  Warranty  includes  the  following  subsidiaries  of  the  Company:  IWS  Acquisition  Corporation  ("IWS"),  Geminus 
Holding Company, Inc. ("Geminus"), PWI Holdings, Inc. ("PWI"), Professional Warranty Service Corporation ("PWSC") and 
Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC ("Trinity").  Throughout this 2020 Annual Report, the term "Extended Warranty" is used to 
refer to this segment. 

IWS  is  a  licensed  motor  vehicle  service  agreement  company  and  is  a  provider  of  after-market  vehicle  protection  services 
distributed by credit unions in 26 states and the District of Columbia to their members.

Geminus primarily sells vehicle service agreements to used car buyers across the United States, through its subsidiaries, The 
Penn Warranty Corporation ("Penn") and Prime Auto Care, Inc. ("Prime"). Penn and Prime distribute these products in 32 and 
40 states, respectively, via independent used car dealerships and franchised car dealerships.

PWI markets, sells and administers vehicle service agreements to used car buyers in all fifty states via independent used car and 
franchise network of approved automobile and motorcycle dealer partners. PWI’s business model is supported by an internal 
sales and operations team and partners with American Auto Shield in three states with a white label agreement.

PWSC  sells  new  home  warranty  products  and  provides  administration  services  to  homebuilders  and  homeowners  across  the 
United States.  PWSC distributes its products and services through an in-house sales team and through insurance brokers and 
insurance carriers throughout all states except Alaska and Louisiana.

Trinity  sells  heating,  ventilation,  air  conditioning  ("HVAC"),  standby  generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and  refrigeration 
warranty products and provides equipment breakdown and maintenance support services to companies across the United States.  
As a seller of warranty products, Trinity markets and administers product warranty contracts for certain new and used products 
in the HVAC, standby generator, commercial LED lighting and refrigeration industries throughout the United States.  Trinity 
acts as an agent on behalf of the third-party insurance companies that underwrite and guaranty these warranty contracts.  Trinity 
does  not  guaranty  the  performance  underlying  the  warranty  contracts  it  sells.    As  a  provider  of  equipment  breakdown  and 
maintenance support services, Trinity acts as a single point of contact to its clients for both certain equipment breakdowns and 
scheduled  maintenance  of  equipment.  Trinity  will  provide  such  repair  and  breakdown  services  by  contracting  with  certain 
HVAC providers.

Leased Real Estate includes the Company's subsidiary, CMC Industries, Inc. ("CMC").  CMC owns, through an indirect wholly 
owned subsidiary (the "Property Owner"), a parcel of real property consisting of approximately 192 acres located in the State of 
Texas (the "Real Property"), which is subject to a long-term triple net lease agreement.  The Real Property is also subject to a 
mortgage, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets (the "Mortgage").  Throughout this 2020 Annual 
Report, the term "Leased Real Estate" is used to refer to this segment. 

Impact of COVID-19

In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus was recognized as a pandemic by the 
World Health Organization, and the outbreak has become increasingly widespread in the United States, including in the markets 
in  which  we  operate.    The  COVID-19  outbreak  has  had  a  notable  impact  on  general  economic  conditions,  including  but  not 
limited  to  the  temporary  closures  of  many  businesses;  "shelter  in  place"  and  other  governmental  regulations;  and  reduced 
consumer spending due to both job losses and other effects attributable to COVID-19.  There remain many unknowns and the 
Company continues to monitor the expected trends and related demand for its services and has and will continue to adjust its 
operations accordingly.  

23

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

The near-term impacts of COVID-19 are primarily with respect to our Extended Warranty segment.  As consumer spending has 
been impacted, including a decline in the purchase of new and used vehicles, and many businesses through which we distribute 
our  products  either  remain  closed  or  are  open  but  with  capacity  constraints,  we  have  seen  cash  flows  being  affected  by  a 
reduction  in  new  warranty  sales  for  vehicle  service  agreements.    With  respect  to  homeowner  warranties,  we  saw  an  initial 
reduction in new enrollments in our home warranty programs associated with the impact of COVID-19 on new home sales in 
the United States.  

The  Company  could  experience  other  potential  impacts  as  a  result  of  COVID-19,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  potential 
impairment charges to the carrying amounts of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets, the loss in value of 
investments, as well as the potential for adverse impacts on the Company's debt covenant financial ratios.  The Company is not 
aware  of  any  specific  event  or  circumstance  that  would  require  an  update  to  its  estimates  or  judgments  or  a  revision  of  the 
carrying  value  of  its  assets  or  liabilities  as  of  the  date  of  issuance  of  this  2020  Annual  Report.    Actual  results  may  differ 
materially from the Company’s current estimates as the scope of COVID-19 evolves or if the duration of business disruptions is 
longer than initially anticipated.  We continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak closely.  However, the extent to 
which the COVID-19 outbreak will impact our operations or financial results is uncertain.

NON U.S.-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURE

Throughout  this  2020  Annual  Report,  we  present  our  operations  in  the  way  we  believe  will  be  most  meaningful,  useful  and 
transparent to anyone using this financial information to evaluate our performance.  In addition to the U.S. GAAP presentation 
of  net  loss,  we  present  segment  operating  income  as  a  non-U.S.  GAAP  financial  measure,  which  we  believe  is  valuable  in 
managing our business and drawing comparisons to our peers.  Below is a definition of our non-U.S. GAAP measure and its 
relationship to U.S. GAAP.

Segment Operating Income (Loss) 

Segment  operating  income  (loss)  represents  one  measure  of  the  pretax  profitability  of  our  segments  and  is  derived  by 
subtracting  direct  segment  expenses  from  direct  segment  revenues.    Revenues  and  expenses  presented  in  the  consolidated 
statements of operations are not subtotaled by segment; however, this information is available in total and by segment in Note 
24, "Segmented Information," to the Consolidated Financial Statements, regarding reportable segment information. The nearest 
comparable  U.S.  GAAP  measure  to  total  segment  operating  income  is  loss  from  continuing  operations  before  income  tax 
benefit  that, in addition to total segment operating income, includes net investment income, net realized gains, gain on change 
in  fair  value  of  equity  investments,  gain  on  change  in  fair  value  of  limited  liability  investments,  at  fair  value,  net  change  in 
unrealized  loss  on  private  company  investments,  other-than-temporary  impairment  loss,  interest  expense  not  allocated  to 
segments, other revenue and expenses not allocated to segments, net, amortization of intangible assets, gain on change in fair 
value  of  debt,  loss  on  extinguishment  of  debt,  net  and  equity  in  net  income  of  investee.    A  reconciliation  of  total  segment 
operating  income  to  loss  from  continuing  operations  before  income  tax  benefit  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019 is presented in Table 1 of the "Results of Continuing Operations" section of MD&A.

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND CRITICAL ESTIMATES

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates 
and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  and  classification  of  assets  and  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses,  and  the 
related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual 
results  could  differ  from  these  estimates.    Estimates  and  their  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  
Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined.

The Company’s most critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of its financial condition and 
results of operations, and that require the Company to make its most difficult and subjective judgments, often as a result of the 
need to make estimates of matters that are inherently uncertain. The Company has identified the following as its most critical 
accounting policies and judgments. Although management believes that its estimates and assumptions are reasonable, they are 
based  upon  information  available  when  they  are  made,  and  therefore,  actual  results  may  differ  from  these  estimates  under 
different assumptions or conditions.

24

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Provision for Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses   

Overview 

The Company records a provision for unpaid losses that have occurred as of a given evaluation date as well as for its estimated 
liability  for  loss  adjustment  expenses.    The  provision  for  unpaid  losses  includes  a  provision,  commonly  referred  to  as  case 
reserves,  for  losses  related  to  reported  claims  as  well  as  a  provision  for  losses  related  to  claims  incurred  but  not  reported 
("IBNR").  The provision for loss adjustment expenses represents the cost to investigate and settle claims. 

The provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses does not represent an exact calculation of the liability but instead 
represents  management's  best  estimate  at  a  given  accounting  date,  utilizing  actuarial  and  statistical  procedures,  of  the 
undiscounted estimates of the ultimate net cost of all unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses.  

Any adjustments to the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses are reflected in the consolidated statements of 
operations in the periods in which they become known, and the adjustments are accounted for as changes in estimates.  Even 
after such adjustments, ultimate liability or recovery may exceed or be less than the revised provisions.  

Process for Establishing the Provision for Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses 

The process for establishing the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses reflects the uncertainties and significant 
judgmental  factors  inherent  in  predicting  future  results  of  both  reported  and  IBNR  claims.    The  process  of  establishing  the 
provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  relies  on  the  judgment  and  opinions  of  a  number  of  individuals, 
including the opinions of the Company's external reserving actuaries. 

Our Company’s external reserving actuaries use the following generally accepted actuarial loss and loss adjustment expenses 
reserving methods in our analysis, for each coverage or segment that we analyze: 

•

•

Paid Loss Development - we use historical loss and loss adjustment expense payments over discrete periods of time to 
estimate  future  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  payments.    Paid  development  methods  assume  that  the  patterns  of 
paid loss and loss adjustment expenses that occurred in past periods will be similar to loss and loss adjustment expense 
payment patterns that will occur in future periods. 

Incurred Loss Development - we use historical case incurred loss and loss adjustment expenses (the sum of cumulative 
loss  and  loss  adjustment  expense  payments  plus  outstanding  unpaid  case  losses)  over  discrete  periods  of  time  to 
estimate future loss and loss adjustment expenses.  Incurred development methods assume that the case loss and loss 
adjustment expenses reserving practices are consistently applied over time. 

In  addition  to  the  actuarial  processes  above,  consideration  is  given  to  estimates  provided  by  legal  counsel  for  certain  claims 
currently in litigation.

The methods above all calculate an estimate of total ultimate losses.  Our provision for loss and loss adjustment expenses is 
calculated by subtracting total paid losses from our estimate of total ultimate losses.  Our estimate for IBNR is calculated by 
subtracting case reserves from our provision for loss and loss adjustment expenses.

Our external reserving actuaries have also developed as part of their actuarial report to the Company an estimated range around 
the carried provision at December 31, 2020 of $1.4 million for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses for our property and 
casualty  company.    Their  report  indicates  that  a  carried  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  anywhere 
between  $1.1  million  and  $1.8  million  for  the  Company  at  December  31,  2020  would  fall  within  their  reasonable  range  of 
estimation.  This range does not present a forecast of future redundancy or deficiency since actual development of future paid 
losses related to the current provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses may be affected by many variables. The 
provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  recorded  at  December  31,  2020  represents  our  best  estimate  of  the 
ultimate amounts that will be paid.

To the extent that the ultimate paid losses are higher or lower than the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses 
recorded by the Company at December 31, 2020, the differences would be recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements 
of operations in the accounting periods in which they are determined.  There can be no assurance that such differences would 
not be material.

25

Valuation of Fixed Maturities and Equity Investments

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Our equity investments, including warrants, are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net loss. Fair 
value for our equity investments are determined using quoted market values based on latest bid prices, where active markets 
exist, or models based on significant market observable inputs, where no active markets exist. 

For  fixed  maturities,  we  use  observable  inputs  such  as  quoted  prices  for  similar  assets  in  active  markets;  quoted  prices  for 
identical or similar assets in markets that are inactive; or valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable 
or can be corroborated by observable market data.  We do not have any fixed maturities in our portfolio that require us to use 
unobservable inputs. The Company engages a third-party vendor who utilizes third-party pricing sources and primarily employs 
a market approach to determine the fair values of our fixed maturities.  The market approach includes primarily obtaining prices 
from independent third-party pricing services as well as, to a lesser extent, quotes from broker-dealers.  Our third-party vendor 
also monitors market indicators, as well as industry and economic events, to ensure pricing is appropriate.  All classes of our 
fixed  maturities  are  valued  using  this  technique.    We  have  obtained  an  understanding  of  our  third-party  vendor’s  valuation 
methodologies and inputs.  Fair values obtained from our third-party vendor are not adjusted by the Company. 

Gains and losses realized on the disposition of investments are determined on the first-in first-out basis and credited or charged 
to the consolidated statements of operations. Premium and discount on investments are amortized using the interest method and 
charged or credited to net investment income.

Impairment Assessment of Investments

The establishment of an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment requires a number of judgments and estimates.

We  perform  a  quarterly  analysis  of  our  investments  classified  as  available-for-sale  and  our  limited  liability  investments  to 
determine if declines in market value are other-than-temporary.  The analysis for available-for-sale investments includes some 
or all of the following procedures, as applicable:

•
•
•

•
•

•

•

•

identifying all unrealized loss positions that have existed for at least six months;
identifying other circumstances management believes may affect the recoverability of the unrealized loss positions;
obtaining  a  valuation  analysis  from  third-party  investment  managers  regarding  the  intrinsic  value  of  these  investments 
based on their knowledge and experience together with market-based valuation techniques;
reviewing the trading range of certain investments over the preceding calendar period;
assessing if declines in market value are other-than-temporary for debt instruments based on the investment grade credit 
ratings from third-party rating agencies;
assessing if declines in market value are other-than-temporary for any debt instrument with a non-investment grade credit 
rating based on the continuity of its debt service record; 
determining  the  necessary  provision  for  declines  in  market  value  that  are  considered  other-than-temporary  based  on  the 
analyses performed; and
assessing the Company's ability and intent to hold these investments at least until any investment impairment is recovered.

The risks and uncertainties inherent in the assessment methodology used to determine declines in market value that are other-
than-temporary include, but may not be limited to, the following:

•
•
•

•

the opinions of professional investment managers could be incorrect;
the past trading patterns of individual investments may not reflect future valuation trends;
the  credit  ratings  assigned  by  independent  credit  rating  agencies  may  be  incorrect  due  to  unforeseen  or  unknown  facts 
related to a company's financial situation; and
the debt service pattern of non-investment grade instruments may not reflect future debt service capabilities and may not 
reflect a company's unknown underlying financial problems.

We perform a quarterly analysis of our investments in private companies.  The analysis includes some or all of the following 
procedures, as applicable:

•
•
•
•
•

the opinions of external investment and portfolio managers;
the financial condition and prospects of the investee;
recent operating trends and forecasted performance of the investee;
current market conditions in the geographic area or industry in which the investee operates;
changes in credit ratings; and 

26

•

changes in the regulatory environment.

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

As  a  result  of  the  analysis  performed  to  determine  declines  in  market  value  that  are  other-than-temporary,  the  Company 
recorded  write  downs  for  other-than-temporary  impairment  related  to  certain  of  its  investments.    See  "Investments"  section 
below and Note 7, "Investments," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.  

Valuation of Limited Liability Investments, at Fair Value

Limited  liability  investments,  at  fair  value  represent  the  underlying  investments  of  the  Company’s  consolidated  entities  Net 
Lease  Investment  Grade  Portfolio  LLC  ("Net  Lease")  and  Argo  Holdings  Fund  I,  LLC  ("Argo  Holdings").    The  Company 
accounts for these investments at fair value with changes in fair value reported in the consolidated statements of operations.  

Net  Lease  owns  investments  in  limited  liability  companies  that  hold  investment  properties.    The  fair  value  of  Net  Lease's 
investments is based upon the net asset values of the underlying investments companies as a practical expedient to estimate fair 
value.  

Argo Holdings makes investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships that hold investments in search funds 
and private operating companies.  The fair value of Argo Holdings' limited liability investments that hold investments in search 
funds is based on the initial investment in the search funds.  The fair value of Argo Holdings' limited liability investments that 
hold investments in private operating companies is valued using a market approach. 

Refer to Note 25, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.  

Valuation of Real Estate Investments

The fair value of real estate investments involves a combination of the market and income valuation techniques.  Under this 
approach, a market-based capitalization rate is derived from comparable transactions, adjusted for any unique characteristics of 
each  asset,  and  applied  to  the  asset  under  consideration.    The  cap  rates  used  during  underwriting  and  subsequent  valuations 
incorporate  the  consideration  of  risks  of  vacancy  and  collection  loss,  administrative  costs  of  owning  net  leased  assets  and 
possible capital expenditures that could be determined a landlord expense.  

Valuation of Deferred Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes is calculated based on the expected tax treatment of transactions recorded in our consolidated 
financial statements.  In determining our provision for income taxes, we interpret tax legislation in a variety of jurisdictions and 
make assumptions about the expected timing of the reversal of deferred income tax assets and liabilities and the valuation of 
deferred income taxes.

The  ultimate  realization  of  the  deferred  income  tax  asset  balance  is  dependent  upon  the  generation  of  future  taxable  income 
during  the  periods  in  which  the  Company's  temporary  differences  reverse  and  become  deductible.    A  valuation  allowance  is 
established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred income tax asset balance will not be realized.  In 
determining  whether  a  valuation  allowance  is  needed,  management  considers  all  available  positive  and  negative  evidence 
affecting  specific  deferred  income  tax  asset  balances,  including  the  Company's  past  and  anticipated  future  performance,  the 
reversal of deferred income tax liabilities, and the availability of tax planning strategies.

Objective positive evidence is necessary to support a conclusion that a valuation allowance is not needed for all or a portion of a 
company's  deferred  income  tax  asset  balances  when  significant  negative  evidence  exists.    Cumulative  losses  are  the  most 
compelling form of negative evidence considered by management in this determination.  To the extent a valuation allowance is 
established  in  a  period,  an  expense  must  be  recorded  within  the  income  tax  provision  in  the  consolidated  statements  of 
operations.  As of  December 31, 2020, the Company maintains a valuation allowance of $173.2 million, all of which relates to 
its  U.S.  deferred  income  taxes.    The  largest  component  of  the  U.S.  deferred  income  tax  asset  balance  relates  to  tax  loss 
carryforwards  that  have  arisen  as  a  result  of  losses  generated  from  the  Company's  U.S.  operations.  Uncertainty  over  the 
Company's ability to utilize these losses over the short-term has led the Company to record a valuation allowance. 

Future  events  may  result  in  the  valuation  allowance  being  adjusted,  which  could  materially  affect  our  financial  position  and 
results of operations.  If sufficient positive evidence were to arise in the future indicating that all or a portion of the deferred 
income tax assets would meet the more likely than not standard, all or a portion of the valuation allowance would be reversed in 
the period that such a conclusion was reached.

27

Valuation of Mandatorily Redeemable Preferred Stock

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Mandatorily redeemable preferred stock is recorded at the time of issuance based upon the gross proceeds of the offering less (i) 
proceeds of the offering allocated to additional paid-in capital based upon the relative fair values of equity-classified warrants 
issued as part of the offering and the preferred stock without the warrants; (ii) proceeds of the offering allocated to additional 
paid-in  capital  based  upon  the  calculation  of  a  beneficial  conversion  feature;  and  (iii)  costs  of  the  offering  allocated  to  the 
preferred stock.  The discount to the carrying value of the preferred stock created by the allocation of proceeds to the warrants 
and a beneficial conversion feature and the allocation of offering costs to the preferred stock is accreted over time as dividend 
expense.  Additional information regarding our mandatorily redeemable preferred stock is included in Note 21, "Redeemable 
Class A Preferred Stock," to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Valuation and Impairment Assessment of Intangible Assets 

Intangible assets are recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.  Intangible assets with definite useful lives 
consist of database, customer relationships, in-place lease and non-compete agreement.  Intangible assets with definite useful 
lives are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or 
asset  group  may  not  be  recoverable.    If  circumstances  require  that  a  definite-lived  intangible  asset  be  tested  for  possible 
impairment, we first compare the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that definite-lived intangible asset to its 
carrying amount. If the carrying amount of the definite-lived intangible asset is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow 
basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.

Indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  consist  of  a  tenant  relationship  and  trade  names.    Intangible  assets  with  indefinite  lives  are 
assessed  for  impairment  annually  as  of  October  31,  or  more  frequently  if  events  or  circumstances  indicate  that  the  carrying 
value may not be recoverable.  The Company has the option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more 
likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired.  If facts and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than 
not that the intangible asset is impaired, then a fair value-based impairment test would be required.  Management must make 
estimates  and  assumptions  in  determining  the  fair  value  of  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  that  may  affect  any  resulting 
impairment write-down.  This includes assumptions regarding future cash flows and future revenues from the related intangible 
assets  or  their  reporting  units.    Management  then  compares  the  fair  value  of  the  indefinite-lived  intangible  assets  to  their 
respective carrying amounts.  If the carrying amount of an intangible asset exceeds the fair values of that intangible asset, an 
impairment is recorded.

No  impairment  charges  were  recorded  against  intangible  assets  in  2020  or  2019.    Additional  information  regarding  our 
intangible assets is included in Note 11, "Intangible Assets," to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill Recoverability

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually as of December 31, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that 
the carrying value may not be recoverable.  In evaluating the recoverability of goodwill, the Company estimates the fair value 
of  its  reporting  units,  which  is  determined  using  the  income  approach,  and  compares  it  to  the  carrying  value.  If  the  carrying 
value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to such excess. 

Under the income approach, fair value is determined based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at an 
appropriate risk-adjusted rate.  We use our internal forecasts to estimate future cash flows and include an estimate of long-term 
future growth rates based on our most recent views of the long-term outlook for each business.  We use discount rates that are 
commensurate with the risks and uncertainty inherent in the respective businesses and in our internally developed forecasts. 

Estimating  the  fair  value  of  reporting  units  requires  the  use  of  significant  judgments  that  are  based  on  a  number  of  factors 
including actual operating results, internal forecasts, market observable pricing multiples of similar businesses and comparable 
transactions  and  determining  the  appropriate  discount  rate  and  long-term  growth  rate  assumptions.  There  are  inherent 
uncertainties related to these factors and management’s judgment in applying them to the analysis of goodwill impairment.  It is 
reasonably possible that the judgments and estimates described above could change in future periods.

No  impairment  charges  were  recorded  against  goodwill  in  2020  or  2019,  as  the  estimated  fair  values  of  the  reporting  units 
exceeded their respective carrying values.  Additional information regarding our goodwill is included in Note 10, "Goodwill," 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Although  the  Company  believes  its  estimates  of  fair  value  are  reasonable,  actual  financial  results  could  differ  from  those 
estimates  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  involved  in  making  such  estimates.  Changes  in  assumptions  concerning  future 

28

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting units, 
the amount of the goodwill impairment charge, or both.  

For Leased Real Estate, the Company models a hypothetical sale of the underlying asset in order to arrive at fair value, which, 
due to the unique nature of Leased Real Estate, the Company views as a technique consistent with the objective of measuring 
fair value.  The Company believes that its estimates of future cash flows and discount rates are reasonable; however, the amount 
by which the fair value exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit has declined significantly primarily as a result of the 
CMC  settlement  agreement  discussed  in  Note  27,  "Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities,"  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements.    The  estimated  fair  value  of  Leased  Real  Estate  is  highly  sensitive  to  discount  rates  applied  and  changes  in  the 
underlying  assumptions  in  the  future  could  differ  materially  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  in  making  such  estimates. 
Additionally, estimates regarding future sales proceeds and timing of such proceeds could also have a significant impact on the 
fair value.

Deferred Acquisition Costs

Deferred acquisition costs represent the deferral of expenses that we incur related to successful efforts to acquire new business 
or renew existing business.  Acquisition costs, primarily commissions and agency expenses related to issuing vehicle service 
agreements, are deferred and charged against income consistent with the pattern revenue is recognized. Management regularly 
reviews the categories of acquisition costs that are deferred and assesses the recoverability of this asset.  

Fair Value Assumptions for Subordinated Debt Obligations

Our  subordinated  debt  is  measured  and  reported  at  fair  value.    The  fair  value  of  the  subordinated  debt  is  calculated  using  a 
model based on significant market observable inputs and inputs developed by a third-party.  These inputs include credit spread 
assumptions developed by a third-party and market observable swap rates. 

Fair Value Assumptions for Stock-Based Compensation Liabilities

The Company' subsidiary, PWSC, has made grants of restricted stock awards.  Certain of the restricted stock awards granted by 
PWSC  are  classified  as  a  liability.    Liability-classified  awards  are  measured  and  reported  at  fair  value  and  are  included  in 
accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.   The fair value of the restricted stock awards granted 
by PWSC are estimated using an internal valuation model without relevant observable market inputs.  The significant inputs 
used in the model include a valuation multiple applied to trailing twelve month earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and 
amortization.  Forfeitures are recognized in the period that restricted stock awards are forfeited.  

Revenue Recognition

Refer to Note 2, "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information about 
our revenue recognition accounting policies.

29

RESULTS OF CONTINUING OPERATIONS 

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

A reconciliation of total segment operating income to net loss for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 
is presented in Table 1 below:

Table 1 Segment Operating Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019  
For the years ended December 31 (in thousands of dollars)

Segment operating income (loss)

Extended Warranty

Leased Real Estate

Total segment operating income

Net investment income

Net realized gains

Gain on change in fair value of equity investments

Gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value

Net change in unrealized loss on private company investments

Other-than-temporary impairment loss

Interest expense not allocated to segments

Other revenue and expenses not allocated to segments, net

Amortization of intangible assets

Gain on change in fair value of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net

Equity in net income of investee

Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit

Income tax benefit 

Loss from continuing operations

Gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations, net of taxes

Net loss

2020

2019

Change

6,221   

(504)  

5,717   

2,625   

580   

1,267   

4,046   

(744)  

(117)  

4,611   

2,761   

7,372   

2,905   

796   

561   

4,475   

(324)  

(75)  

1,610 

(3,265) 

(1,655) 

(280) 

(216) 

706 

(429) 

(420) 

(42) 

(7,719)  

(8,991)  

1,272 

(10,606)  

(8,524)  

(2,082) 

(2,291)  

(2,548)  

1,173   

(468)  

—   

1,052   

—   

169   

257 

121 

(468) 

(169) 

(6,537)  

(3,132)  

(3,405) 

(1,115)  

(363)  

(752) 

(5,422)  

(2,769)  

(2,653) 

6   

(1,544)  

1,550 

(5,416)  

(4,313)  

(1,103) 

Loss from Continuing Operations, Net Loss and Diluted Loss per Share 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, we incurred a loss from continuing operations of $5.4 million (loss of $0.35 per diluted 
share)  compared  to  $2.8  million  (loss  of  $0.25  per  diluted  share)  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  which  is  primarily 
attributable to the items explained in the following paragraphs. 

For the year ended December 31, 2020, we reported net loss of $5.4 million ($0.35 per diluted share) compared to $4.3 million 
($0.32 per diluted share) for the year ended December 31, 2019.   

Extended Warranty

The  Extended  Warranty  service  fee  and  commission  revenue  increased  3.3%  (or  $1.5  million)  to  $47.6  million  for  the  year 
ended December 31, 2020 compared with $46.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. Service fee and commission 
revenue was impacted by the following in 2020:

•

•

•

$2.5 million due to the inclusion of PWI in 2020 following its acquisition effective December 1, 2020;

A  $2.2  million  increase  at  Geminus  primarily  due  to  the  inclusion  of  only  ten  months  of  results  in  the  2019  period 
post-acquisition, which was partially offset by lower contract sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic;

A $0.3 million increase in PWSC revenue, driven by the stronger housing market in the second half of 2020;

30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

•

•

A $2.9 million decrease at Trinity driven by reduced revenues in its equipment breakdown and maintenance support 
services due to the loss of a major customer and impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic, which was partially offset by 
an increase in its extended warranty services product; and

A $0.6 million decrease at IWS, due primarily to lower contract sales due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Extended Warranty operating income was $6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared with $4.6 million 
for the year ended December 31, 2019. The increase in operating income is primarily due to the following:

•

•

•

•

•

$0.7 million due to the inclusion of PWI in 2020 following its acquisition effective December 1, 2019;

A $1.1 million increase at Geminus primarily due to the inclusion of Geminus for the entire twelve months of 2020 
following  its  acquisition  effective  March  1,  2019,  as  well  as  cost  control  initiatives  in  place  due  to  the  COVID-19 
pandemic;

A $0.8 million increase at PWSC, primarily due to increased revenue and lower general and administrative expenses  
due to cost control initiatives in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic and continuing operating efficiencies; 

A $0.3 million decrease at IWS primarily due to a decrease in revenue, partially offset by cost control initiatives in 
place due to the COVID-19 pandemic; and

A $0.7 million decrease at Trinity driven by reduced revenues in its equipment breakdown and maintenance support 
services, partially offset by a related decrease in cost of services sold, operating expenses and increased margin on the 
extended warranty services product, compared to 2019.

Leased Real Estate

Leased Real Estate rental revenue was $13.4 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  
The rental revenue is derived from CMC's long-term triple net lease.

Leased Real Estate operating loss was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to operating income of 
$2.8  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019,  primarily  due  to  $2.6  million  of  management  fee  expense  recorded 
pursuant to a settlement agreement related to outstanding litigation and higher litigation expenses of $1.3 million for the year 
ended December 31, 2020 compared with $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019.  Leased Real Estate operating 
(loss)  income  includes  interest  expense  of  $6.0  million  and  $6.1  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December  31,  2019,  respectively.    See  Note  27,  "Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities,"  to  the  Consolidated  Financial 
Statements, for further discussion related to the CMC litigation settlement.

Net Investment Income 

Net investment income was $2.6 million in 2020 compared to $2.9 million in 2019. The decrease in 2020 is primarily due to 
less  investment  income  recorded  from  the  Company's  fixed  maturities  and  dividends  on  equity  investments  as  a  result  of 
general changes in market conditions, partially offset by more income from the Company's limited liability investments, at fair 
value, in 2020 compared to 2019.

Net Realized Gains 

The Company recorded net realized gains of $0.6 million in 2020 compared to $0.8 million in 2019, primarily from realized 
gains recognized by Argo Holdings.

Gain on Change in Fair Value of Equity Investments

Gain  on  change  in  fair  value  of  equity  investments  was  $1.3  million  in  2020  compared  to  $0.6  million  in  2019.    Significant 
drivers include:

•

•

Unrealized  losses  of  $0.2  million  and  unrealized  gains  of  $0.7  million  on  equity  investments  held  during  the  years 
ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; and

Net realized gains of $1.5 million on equity investments sold during the year ended December 31, 2020 compared to 
net realized losses of $0.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2019.  The net realized gains for the year ended 
December  31,  2020  relate  primarily  to  the  sale  of  the  Company's  shares  of  Limbach  Holdings,  Inc.  ("Limbach") 

31

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

common stock. During the third quarter of 2020, the Company sold all of its shares of Limbach common stock for cash 
proceeds totaling $3.2 million.  

Gain on Change in Fair Value of Limited Liability Investments, at Fair Value

Gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value was $4.0 million in 2020 compared to $4.5 million in 
2019. The gain for the year ended December 31, 2020 represents an increase in fair value of $4.9 million related to Net Lease, 
partially offset by a decrease in fair value of $0.8 million related to Argo Holdings.  The gain for the year ended December 31, 
2019 includes increases in fair value of $3.0 million related to Net Lease and $2.2 million related to 1347 Investors LLC ("1347 
Investors"), partially offset by a decrease in fair value of $0.7 million related to Argo Holdings.

The Company consolidates the financial statements of Net Lease on a three-month lag.  The increase in fair value at Net Lease 
recorded during 2020 is primarily attributable to the sale of one of the three Net Lease investment properties for $40.1 million, 
which  closed  on  October  30,  2020.    Given  the  proximity  of  the  sale  to  September  30,  2020,  the  Company  believes  that  the 
ultimate selling price is the best indication of value as of September 30, 2020. 

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company’s investment in 1347 Investors was dissolved.  See Note 26, "Related Parties," 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further information about the dissolution of 1347 Investors.

Net Change in Unrealized Loss on Private Company Investments

Net change in unrealized loss on private company investments was $0.7 million in 2020 compared to $0.3 million in 2019.  The 
Company recorded decreases of zero and $0.2 million during 2020 and 2019, respectively, to adjust the fair values of certain 
investments  in  private  companies  for  observable  price  changes.  Also,  as  a  result  of  the  quarterly  impairment  analysis  of  its 
investments  in  private  companies,  the  Company  determined  it  should  write  down  two  of  its  investments  for  other-than-
temporary impairment of $0.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 as a result of the impacts of COVID-19 on the 
investments'  underlying  business.    The  Company  recorded  impairments  related  to  investments  in  private  companies  of  $0.2 
million for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Interest Expense not Allocated to Segments

Interest expense not allocated to segments for 2020 was $7.7 million compared to $9.0 million in 2019. The decrease in 2020 is 
primarily  attributable  to  the  Company’s  subordinated  debt,  which  resulted  from  generally  lower  London  interbank  offered 
interest  rates  for  three-month  U.S.  dollar  deposits  ("LIBOR")  during  2020  compared  to  2019.    The  Company's  subordinated 
debt  bears  interest  at  the  rate  of  LIBOR,  plus  spreads  ranging  from  3.85%  to  4.20%.    See  "Debt"  section  below  for  further 
details.

Other Revenue and Expenses not Allocated to Segments, Net

Other revenue and expenses not allocated to segments was a net expense of $10.6 million in 2020 compared to $8.5 million in 
2019.

The  increase  in  net  expense  for  2020  is  primarily  attributable  to  $1.4  million  of  expense  recorded  pursuant  to  a  settlement 
agreement related to outstanding litigation between the Company and Aegis Security Insurance Company ("Aegis") and higher 
salary expense related to restricted stock awards and audit professional services fees incurred, partially offset by a decrease in 
loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  of  $0.6  million  for  2020  compared  to  2019.    During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2019, 
Kingsway Amigo Insurance Company ("Amigo") increased loss reserves related to one of the remaining open claims as part of 
its continuing voluntary runoff.  The unfavorable development for the year ended December 31, 2019 was partially offset by 
favorable development in unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at Kingsway Reinsurance Corporation ("Kingsway Re").

See  Note  27,  "Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities,"  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements,  for  further  discussion 
related to Aegis.

Gain on Change in Fair Value of Debt 

The gain on change in fair value of debt amounted to $1.2 million in 2020 compared to $1.1 million in 2019.  The gains for 
2020  and  2019  reflect  decreases  in  the  fair  value  of  the  subordinated  debt  resulting  from  changes  in  inputs,  other  than  the 
instrument-specific credit risk, to the Company’s fair value model which were primarily a result of lower overall LIBOR rates.  
See "Debt" section below for further information.  

32

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt, Net

During 2020, loss on extinguishment of debt, net consists of the following:

•

•

A $0.9 million loss on the extinguishment of the 2019 KWH Loan, which includes the write-off of unamortized debt 
issuance costs and discount of $0.6 million and early termination fees paid to the lender of $0.2 million.

A  $0.4  million  gain  on  forgiveness  of  the  balance  on  one  of  the  Company's  loans  obtained  through  the  Paycheck 
Protection Program ("PPP") of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security ("CARES") Act.  

See Note 14, "Debt," to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further discussion.

Equity in Net Income of Investee

Equity in net income of investee represents the Company's investment in Itasca Capital Ltd. ("ICL").  Equity in net income of 
investee was $0.2 million in 2019, which includes a $0.1 million gain on sale of shares during 2019 and $0.1 million of equity 
in net income of investee.  During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company sold its remaining investment in the common stock 
of ICL. See Note 8, "Investment in Investee," to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further discussion.

Income Tax Benefit 

Income  tax  benefit  for  2020  was  $1.1  million  compared  to  $0.4  million  in  2019.    The  2020  and  2019  income  tax  benefit  is 
primarily related to:

•

•

•
•
•

a partial release of the Company’s deferred income tax valuation allowance associated with business interest expense 
with an indefinite life (2020 only);
a partial release of the Company’s deferred income tax valuation allowance related to its acquisitions of CMC (2020 
only) and Geminus (2019 only);
the change in unrecognized tax benefits;
the change in indefinite life deferred income tax liabilities; and
state income taxes.

See Note 17, "Income Taxes," to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for additional detail of the income tax benefit recorded 
for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

INVESTMENTS

Portfolio Composition

The following is an overview of how we account for our various investments:

•
•
•

•

•

•
•
•

Investments in fixed maturities are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value.
Equity investments are reported at fair value.
Limited  liability  investments  are  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method  of  accounting.  The  most  recently  available 
financial statements of the limited liability investments are used in applying the equity method. The difference between 
the  end  of  the  reporting  period  of  the  limited  liability  investments  and  that  of  the  Company  is  no  more  than  three 
months.
Limited liability investments, at fair value represent the underlying investments of the Company’s consolidated entities 
Net  Lease  and  Argo  Holdings.    The  difference  between  the  end  of  the  reporting  period  of  the  limited  liability 
investments, at fair value and that of the Company is no more than three months.
Investments in private companies consist of: convertible preferred stocks and notes in privately owned companies; and 
investments in limited liability companies in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor. These investments do 
not have readily determinable fair values and, therefore, are reported at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and 
impairments.
Real estate investments are reported at fair value.
Other investments include collateral loans and are reported at their unpaid principal balance.
Short-term investments, which consist of investments with original maturities between three months and one year, are 
reported at cost, which approximates fair value.

33

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

At  December  31,  2020,  we  held  cash  and  cash  equivalents,  restricted  cash  and  investments  with  a  carrying  value  of  $114.5 
million.

Investments held by our insurance subsidiary, Amigo, must comply with domiciliary state regulations that prescribe the type, 
quality  and  concentration  of  investments.  Our  U.S.  operations  typically  invest  in  U.S.  dollar-denominated  instruments  to 
mitigate their exposure to currency rate fluctuations.

Table 2 below summarizes the carrying value of investments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, at the 
dates indicated.
TABLE 2 Carrying value of investments, including cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
As of December 31 (in thousands of dollars, except for percentages)

Type of investment

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies 
and authorities
States, municipalities and political 
subdivisions

Mortgage-backed

Corporate

Total fixed maturities

Equity investments:

Common stock

Warrants

Total equity investments

Limited liability investments
Limited liability investments, at fair 
value

Investments in private companies

Real estate investments

Other investments

Short-term investments

Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents
Restricted cash
Total

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment

2020

% of Total

2019

% of Total

10,104 

 8.8 %  

13,316 

 13.7 %

1,454 

5,394 

3,764 

20,716 

155 

289 

444 

3,692 

32,811 

790 

10,662 

294 

157 

69,566 

14,374 
30,571 
114,511 

 1.3 %  

 4.7 %  

 3.3 %  

 18.1 %  

 0.1 %  

 0.3 %  

 0.4 %  

 3.2 %  

 28.7 %  

 0.7 %  

 9.3 %  

 0.2 %  

 0.1 %  

 60.7 %  

 12.6 %  
 26.7 %  
 100.0 %  

600 

2,939 

5,340 

 0.6 %

 3.0 %

 5.5 %

22,195 

 22.8 %

2,406 

15 

2,421 

3,841 

29,078 

2,035 

10,662 

1,009 

155 

71,396 

13,478 
12,183 
97,057 

 2.5 %

 — %

 2.5 %

 4.0 %

 30.0 %

 2.1 %

 11.0 %

 1.0 %

 0.2 %

 73.6 %

 13.9 %
 12.5 %
 100.0 %

The  Company  performs  a  quarterly  analysis  of  its  investments  to  determine  if  declines  in  market  value  are  other-than-
temporary.  Further information regarding our detailed analysis and factors considered in establishing an other-than-temporary 
impairment  on  an  investment  is  discussed  within  the  "Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  Critical  Estimates"  section  of 
MD&A. 

As a result of the analysis performed, the Company recorded the following write downs for other-than-temporary impairment:

•

•

•

Other  investments:  $0.1  million  and  zero  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019, 
respectively.
Limited liability investments: zero and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 
respectively.
Limited liability investments, at fair value: $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019, respectively, which are included in gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at 
fair value in the consolidated statements of operations.

34

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

•

Investments  in  private  companies:  $0.7  million  and  $0.2  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019, respectively, which are included in net change in unrealized loss on private company investments 
in the consolidated statements of operations.

There  were  no  write-downs  recorded  for  other-than-temporary  impairments  related  to  available-for  sale  investments  for  the 
years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 

The length of time a fixed maturity investment may be held in an unrealized loss position may vary based on the opinion of the 
investment manager and their respective analyses related to valuation and to the various credit risks that may prevent us from 
recapturing the principal investment.  In the case of a fixed maturity investment where the investment manager determines that 
there is little or no risk of default prior to the maturity of a holding, we would elect to hold the investment in an unrealized loss 
position  until  the  price  recovers  or  the  investment  matures.    In  situations  where  facts  emerge  that  might  increase  the  risk 
associated with recapture of principal, the Company may elect to sell a fixed maturity investment at a loss.  

At  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  the  gross  unrealized  losses  for  fixed  maturities  amounted  to  less  than  $0.1 
million,  and  there  were  no  unrealized  losses  attributable  to  non-investment  grade  fixed  maturities.  At  each  of  December  31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019, all unrealized losses on individual investments were considered temporary. 

Impact of COVID-19 on Investments 

The Company continues to assess the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on the value of its various investments, 
which  could  result  in  future  material  decreases  in  the  underlying  investment  values.    Such  decreases  may  be  considered 
temporary  or  could  be  deemed  to  be  other-than-temporary,  and  management  may  be  required  to  record  write-downs  of  the 
related investments in future reporting periods.

UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES 

Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses represent the estimated liabilities for reported loss events, IBNR loss events and the 
related estimated loss adjustment expenses. 

Table 3 presents distributions, by line of business, of the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses.  

TABLE 3    Provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses
As of December 31 (in thousands of dollars)

Line of Business

Non-standard automobile

Commercial automobile

Other
Total

Non-Standard Automobile

2020

238   

86   

1,125   
1,449   

2019

475 

73 

1,226 
1,774 

At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses for our non-standard 
automobile  business  were  $0.2  million  and  $0.5  million,  respectively.    The  decrease  is  due  to  payments  of  loss  adjustment 
expenses at Amigo.

Commercial Automobile

At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses for our commercial 
automobile business were $0.1 million. 

Other

At  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  the  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  for  our  other 
business were $1.1 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The decrease is due to payments of loss and loss adjustment expenses 
at Amigo.  

35

 
 
 
 
Information  with  respect  to  development  of  our  provision  for  prior  years'  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  is  presented  in 
Table 4.  

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

TABLE 4 Increase in prior years' provision for loss and loss adjustment expenses
For the years ended December 31 (in thousands of dollars)

Unfavorable change in provision for loss and loss adjustment expenses for 
prior accident years

2020

149   

2019

711 

The net movements in prior years' provisions for loss and loss adjustment expenses was an increase of $0.1 million and $0.7 
million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  The unfavorable development in 2020 
and 2019 was primarily related to an increase in unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses due to the continuing voluntary run-
off  of  Amigo.    The  unfavorable  development  in  2019  was  partially  offset  by  favorable  development  in  unpaid  loss  and  loss 
adjustment expenses at Kingsway Re.  Original estimates are increased or decreased as additional information becomes known 
regarding individual claims. 

DEBT

Bank Loans

On October 12, 2017, the Company borrowed a principal amount of $5.0 million from a bank to partially finance its acquisition 
of PWSC (the "PWSC Loan").  The PWSC Loan has a fixed interest rate of 5.0% and is carried in the consolidated balance 
sheet at December 31, 2019 at its unpaid principal balance.  The PWSC Loan was scheduled to mature on October 12, 2022; 
however, the principal was fully repaid on January 30, 2020. 

In  2019,  the  Company  formed  KWH,  whose  subsidiaries  include  IWS,  Geminus  and  Trinity.      On  March  1,  2019,  KWH 
borrowed a principal amount of $10.0 million from a bank to finance its acquisition of Geminus (the "2019 KWH Loan").  The 
2019  KWH  Loan  has  an  annual  interest  rate  equal  to  LIBOR,  having  a  floor  of  2.00%,  plus  9.25%  and  is  carried  in  the 
consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as 
well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The 2019 KWH Loan 
was scheduled to mature on March 1, 2024; however, the principal was fully repaid on December 1, 2020. See Note 14, "Debt," 
to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

As part of the acquisition of PWI on December 1, 2020, PWI became a wholly owned subsidiary of KWH, which borrowed a 
principal  amount  of  $25.7  million  from  a  bank  to  finance  its  acquisition  of  PWI  (the  "2020  KWH  Loan").    The  2020  KWH 
Loan has an annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, having a floor of 0.75%, plus 3.00% and is carried in the consolidated balance 
sheet at December 31, 2020 at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization 
of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The 2020 KWH Loan matures on December 1, 
2025. See Note 14, "Debt," to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.

The 2020 KWH Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio, a fixed charge ratio and 
limits on annual capital expenditures, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the 2020 KWH Loan that, among 
other things, restrict KWH’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in 
mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

Notes Payable

As part of its acquisition of CMC in July 2016, the Company assumed the Mortgage and recorded the Mortgage at its estimated 
fair value of $191.7 million, which included the unpaid principal amount of $180.0 million as of the date of acquisition plus a 
premium of $11.7 million.  The Mortgage matures on May 15, 2034 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.07%.  The Mortgage is 
carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the 
amortization of the premium using the effective interest rate method. 

On  January  5,  2015,  Flower  Portfolio  001,  LLC  assumed  a  $9.2  million  mortgage  in  conjunction  with  the  purchase  of 
investment real estate properties ("the Flower Note").  The Flower Note matures on December 10, 2031 and has a fixed interest 
rate of 4.81%.  The Flower Note is carried in the consolidated balance sheets at its unpaid principal balance. 

36

 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

On  October  15,  2015,  Net  Lease  Investment  assumed  a  $9.0  million  mezzanine  debt  in  conjunction  with  the  purchase  of 
investment real estate properties ("the Net Lease Note").  The Net Lease Note matured on November 1, 2020 and had a fixed 
interest  rate  of  10.25%.    The  Net  Lease  Note  is  carried  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  at  its  unpaid  principal  balance.  In 
conjunction with the maturity of the Net Lease Note on November 1, 2020, Net Lease explored alternatives to maximize the 
value of its investment portfolio.  As a result of this process, Net Lease elected to sell one of its three investment real estate 
properties while refinancing the remaining properties.  The existing financing was replaced with three year non-recourse debt 
maturing  November  1,  2023  with  a  fixed  interest  rate  of  4.35%.    Each  of  these  transactions  closed  on  October  30,  2020, 
however because the Company reports Net Lease on a three-month lag, the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 
continues to report the $9.0 million mezzanine debt.   

In April 2020, certain subsidiaries of the Company received loan proceeds under the PPP, totaling $2.9 million with a stated 
annual  interest  rate  of  1.00%.  The  PPP,  established  as  part  of  the  CARES  Act  and  administered  by  the  U.S.  Small  Business 
Administration (the "SBA"), provides for loans to qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly 
payroll costs (as defined for purposes of the PPP) of the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable as 
long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible purposes, including payroll, costs, rent and utilities, during the twenty-
four  week  period  following  the  borrower’s  receipt  of  the  loan  and  maintains  its  payroll  levels  and  employee  headcount.  The 
amount  of  loan  forgiveness  will  be  reduced  if  the  borrower  reduces  its  employee  headcount  below  its  average  employee 
headcount during a benchmark period or significantly reduces salaries for certain employees during the covered period.

The Company used the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses.  The U.S. Department of the Treasury has announced that it 
will conduct audits for PPP loans that exceed $2.0 million.  If we were to be audited and receive an adverse outcome in such an 
audit, we could be required to return the full amount of the PPP Loan and may potentially be subject to civil and criminal fines 
and penalties.

On December 21, 2020 the SBA approved the forgiveness of the full amount of one of the five PPP loans.  The forgiveness 
included  principal  and  interest  of  $0.4  million,  which  is  included  in  loss  on  extinguishment  of  debt,  net  in  the  consolidated 
statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.  In January 2021, the SBA provided the Company with notices 
of forgiveness of the full amount of two of the remaining four loans.  The forgiveness included total principal and interest of 
$1.4 million.  The outstanding PPP is carried in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 at its unpaid principal 
balance.  

Subordinated Debt

Between  December  4,  2002  and  December  16,  2003,  six  subsidiary  trusts  of  the  Company  issued  $90.5  million  of  30-year 
capital  securities  to  third  parties  in  separate  private  transactions.  In  each  instance,  a  corresponding  floating  rate  junior 
subordinated deferrable interest debenture was then issued by Kingsway America Inc. to the trust in exchange for the proceeds 
from  the  private  sale.  The  floating  rate  debentures  bear  interest  at  the  rate  of  LIBOR,  plus  spreads  ranging  from  3.85%  to 
4.20%. The Company has the right to call each of these securities at par value any time after five years from their issuance until 
their maturity.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company gave notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary
right  to  defer  interest  payments  for  up  to  20  quarters,  pursuant  to  the  contractual  terms  of  its  outstanding  Trust  Preferred 
indentures,  which  permit  interest  deferral.  This  action  does  not  constitute  a  default  under  the  Company's  Trust  Preferred 
indentures or any of its other debt indentures. At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, deferred interest payable of $14.1 
million and $8.9 million, respectively, is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The  agreements  governing  our  subordinated  debt  contain  a  number  of  covenants  that,  among  other  things,  restrict  the 
Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make dividends and distributions, and make certain payments in respect of 
the Company’s outstanding securities.

The  Company's  subordinated  debt  is  measured  and  reported  at  fair  value.  At  December  31,  2020,  the  carrying  value  of  the 
subordinated  debt  is  $50.9  million.  The  fair  value  of  the  subordinated  debt  is  calculated  using  a  model  based  on  significant 
market observable inputs and inputs developed by a third-party. For a description of the market observable inputs and inputs 
developed by a third-party used in determining fair value of debt, see Note 25, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," to the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

During  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  the  market  observable  swap  rates  changed,  and  the  Company  experienced  an 
increase in the credit spread assumption developed by the third-party. Changes in the market observable swap rates affect the 
fair  value  model  in  different  ways.  An  increase  in  the  LIBOR  swap  rates  has  the  effect  of  increasing  the  fair  value  of  the 

37

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

Company's  subordinated  debt  while  an  increase  in  the  risk-free  swap  rates  has  the  effect  of  decreasing  the  fair  value.  The 
increase in the credit spread assumption has the effect of decreasing the fair value of the Company's subordinated debt while a 
decrease in the credit spread assumption has the effect of increasing the fair value. The other primary variable affecting the fair 
value  of  debt  calculation  is  the  passage  of  time,  which  will  always  have  the  effect  of  increasing  the  fair  value  of  debt.  The 
changes to the credit spread and swap rate variables during 2020, along with the passage of time, contributed to the $3.7 million 
decrease in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020.

Of the $3.7 million decrease in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2019 and December 31, 
2020, $2.6 million is reported as decrease in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit risk in the Company's 
consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  loss  and  $1.2  million  is  reported  as  gain  on  change  in  fair  value  of  debt  in  the 
Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

Though changes in the market observable swap rates will continue to introduce some volatility each quarter to the Company’s 
reported gain or loss on change in fair value of debt, changes in the credit spread assumption developed by the third party does 
not introduce volatility to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.  The fair value of the Company’s subordinated 
debt  will  eventually  equal  the  principal  value,  totaling  $90.5  million,  of  the  subordinated  debt  by  the  time  of  the  stated 
redemption date of each trust, beginning with the trust maturing on December 4, 2032 and continuing through January 8, 2034, 
the redemption date of the last of the Company’s outstanding trusts.

For a description of each of the Company's six subsidiary trusts, see Note 14, "Debt," to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 

The purpose of liquidity management is to ensure there is sufficient cash to meet all financial commitments and obligations as 
they fall due. The liquidity requirements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been met primarily by funds generated from 
operations, capital raising, disposal of discontinued operations, investment maturities and income and other returns received on 
investments or from the sale of investments.  Cash provided from these sources is used primarily for making investments and 
for warranty expenses and loss and loss adjustment expense payments, debt servicing and other operating expenses. The timing 
and amount of payments for loss and loss adjustment expenses may differ materially from our provisions for unpaid loss and 
loss adjustment expenses, which may create increased liquidity requirements. 

Cash Flows 

During 2020, the Company reported $1.7 million of net cash provided by operating activities. The reconciliation between the 
Company's reported net loss of $5.4 million and the $1.7 million of net cash provided by operating activities can be explained 
primarily  by  the  $6.7  million  noncash  depreciation  and  amortization  expense,  the  $8.6  million  change  in  other  assets  and 
liabilities, net, which is primarily due to the increase in deferred interest payable related to the subordinated debt of $5.2 million 
and accrued management fees of $2.6 million recorded pursuant to the CMC litigation settlement (see Note 27, "Commitments 
and Contingent Liabilities," to the Consolidated Financial Statements, for further discussion of the CMC litigation settlement), 
and the $0.9 million increase in service fee receivable, offset by the $4.0 million gain on change in fair value of limited liability 
investments, at fair value, the $2.3 million increase in deferred service fees, the $1.3 million gain on change in fair value of 
equity investments and the $1.2 million gain on change in fair value of debt.

During  2020,  the  net  cash  provided  by  investing  activities  was  $4.0  million.  This  source  of  cash  was  primarily  attributed  to 
proceeds from sales and maturities of fixed maturities and equity investments in excess of purchases of fixed maturities. 

During 2020, the net cash provided by financing activities was $13.6 million. This source of cash was primarily attributed to 
$25.3 million of net bank loan proceeds and principal proceeds from notes payable of $2.9 million (related to the PPP loans 
received), partially offset by principal repayments of $10.1 million on bank loans and $4.2 million on notes payable.

Receipt of dividends from the Company's insurance subsidiaries has not generally been considered a source of liquidity for the 
holding  company.  The  insurance  subsidiaries  have  required  regulatory  approval  for  the  return  of  capital  and,  in  certain 
circumstances,  prior  to  the  payment  of  dividends.  At  December  31,  2020,  Amigo  was  restricted  from  making  any  dividend 
payments to the holding company without regulatory approval pursuant to domiciliary state insurance regulations.

The Company's Extended Warranty subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through service fee and commission revenue. 
The  Company's  Leased  Real  Estate  subsidiary  funds  its  obligations  through  rental  revenue.  The  Company's  insurance 
subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through available cash and cash equivalents.

38

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

The  liquidity  of  the  holding  company  is  managed  separately  from  its  subsidiaries.  The  obligations  of  the  holding  company 
primarily  consist  of  holding  company  operating  expenses;  transaction-related  expenses;  investments;  and  any  other 
extraordinary demands on the holding company.

Actions  available  to  the  holding  company  to  increase  liquidity  in  order  to  meet  its  obligations  include  the  sale  of  passive 
investments; sale of subsidiaries; issuance of debt or equity securities; distributions from the Company’s Extended Warranty 
subsidiaries, as further described below; and giving notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary 
right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters on the six subsidiary trusts of the Company’s subordinated debt, which 
right the Company exercised during the third quarter of 2018.

On December 1, 2020, the Company closed on the acquisition of PWI, a full-service provider of vehicle service agreements. 
Related to the PWI acquisition, the Company secured the 2020 KWH Loan with IWS, Trinity, Geminus and PWI as borrowers 
under the 2020 KWH Loan. Pursuant to satisfying the covenants under the 2020 KWH Loan, IWS, Trinity, Geminus and PWI 
are permitted to make distributions to the holding company in an aggregate amount not to exceed $1.5 million in any 12-month 
period (which is the same amount as under the predecessor loan).

Separately, pursuant to covenants under the PWSC Loan secured to partially finance the acquisition of PWSC on October 12, 
2017, PWSC was not permitted to make distributions to the holding company without the consent of the lender.  The PWSC 
Loan was scheduled to mature on October 12, 2022; however, the remaining principal totaling $0.3 million was fully repaid on 
January 30, 2020 and, as such, PWSC is no longer subject to such restrictions.

Historically, dividends from the Leased Real Estate segment were not generally considered a source of liquidity for the holding 
company.  However,  as  more  fully  described  in  Note  27,  "Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities,"  to  the  Consolidated 
Financial Statements, the holding company is now expected to receive 20% of the proceeds from the increased rental payments 
resulting from an earlier amendment to the lease (or any borrowings against such increased rental payments), as well as a one-
time priority payment of $1.5 million.

On  July  16,  2018,  the  Company  announced  it  had  entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  sell  its  non-standard  automobile 
insurance  companies  Mendota  Insurance  Company,  Mendakota  Insurance  Company  and  Mendakota  Casualty  Company 
(collectively "Mendota").  On October 18, 2018, the Company completed the previously announced sale of Mendota.  As part 
of the transaction, the Company will indemnify the buyer for any loss and loss adjustment expenses with respect to open claims 
and certain specified claims in excess of Mendota's carried unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses at June 30, 2018.  The 
maximum obligation to the Company with respect to the open claims is $2.5 million.  A security interest on the Company’s 
equity  interest  in  its  consolidated  subsidiary,  Net  Lease,  as  well  as  any  distributions  to  the  Company  from  Net  Lease,  is 
collateral for the Company’s payment of obligations with respect to the open claims. There is no maximum obligation to the 
Company with respect to the specified claims.   

The holding company’s liquidity, defined as the amount of cash in the bank accounts of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. and 
Kingsway America Inc., was $1.1 million (approximately two to three months of operating cash outflows) and $2.3 million at 
December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  respectively.    The  amount  as  of  December  31,  2020  excludes:  a  $1.3  million 
distribution received from the Extended Warranty segment in January 2021; the cash expected to be received from the Leased 
Real Estate segment; and future actions available to the holding company that could be taken to increase liquidity.  The holding 
company  cash  amounts  are  reflected  in  the  cash  and  cash  equivalents  of  $14.4  million  and  $13.5  million  reported  at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.  The cash and cash 
equivalents  and  restricted  cash  other  than  the  holding  company’s  liquidity  represent  restricted  and  unrestricted  cash  held  by 
Amigo, Kingsway Re and the Company's Extended Warranty and Leased Real Estate segments.

As  of  the  filing  date  of  the  Company’s  2020  Annual  Report,  the  holding  company’s  liquidity  of  $1.3  million  represented 
approximately three months of regularly recurring operating expenses before any transaction-related expenses, any new holding 
company investments or any other extraordinary demands on the holding company and excludes any proceeds from the Leased 
Real Estate segment which the Company believes will be received shortly after the filing date. 

The  holding  company’s  liquidity  at  December  31,  2020  and  as  of  the  filing  date  of  the  Company’s  2020  Annual  Report, 
represents only actual cash on hand and does not include cash that would be made available to the holding company from the 
sale of investments owned by the holding company.  In addition, the holding company has access to some of the operating cash 
generated by the Extended Warranty subsidiaries as described above.  While these sources do not represent cash of the holding 
company as of the filing date of this 2020 Annual Report, they do represent future sources of liquidity.

39

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

As of December 31, 2020, there are 182,876 shares of the Company’s Class A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Shares"), issued 
and  outstanding.  Any  outstanding  Preferred  Shares  would  be  required  to  be  redeemed  by  the  Company  on  April  1,  2021 
("Redemption  Date")  at  a  redemption  value  of  $6.7  million  (assuming  all  current  outstanding  Preferred  Shares  would  be 
redeemed),  if  the  Company  has  sufficient  liquidity  and  legally  available  funds  to  do  so.  Additionally,  the  Company  has 
exercised its right to defer payment of interest on its outstanding subordinated debt ("trust preferred securities") and, because of 
the deferral which totaled $14.1 million at December 31, 2020, the Company is prohibited from redeeming any shares of its 
capital stock while payment of interest on the trust preferred securities is being deferred.  If, as of April 1, 2021, the Company 
was  required  to  pay  both  the  deferred  interest  on  the  trust  preferred  securities  and  redeem  all  the  Preferred  Shares  currently 
outstanding, then the Company currently projects that it would not have sufficient legally available funds to do so.  However, 
the Company would be prohibited from doing so under Delaware law and, as such, (a) the interest estimated to be $14.9 million 
on  March  31,  2021  on  the  trust  preferred  securities  would  remain  on  deferral  as  permitted  under  the  indentures  and  (b)  in 
accordance with Delaware law the Preferred Shares would not be redeemed on the Redemption Date (with a redemption value 
of $6.7 million) and would instead remain outstanding and continue to accrue dividends until such time as the Company has 
sufficient  legally  available  funds  to  redeem  the  Preferred  Shares  and  is  not  otherwise  prohibited  from  doing  so.    In  such  a 
situation, the Company would continue to operate in the ordinary course. 

The  Company  notes  there  are  several  variables  to  consider  in  such  a  situation,  and  management  is  currently  exploring  the 
following opportunities: negotiating with the holders of the Preferred Shares with respect to the Redemption Date and/or other 
key  provisions,  raising  additional  funds  through  capital  market  transactions,  as  well  as  the  Company’s  continued  strategy  of 
working to monetize its non-core investments while attempting to maximize the tradeoff between liquidity and value received. 

Based on the Company’s current business plan and revenue prospects, existing cash, cash equivalents, investment balances and 
anticipated  cash  flows  from  operations  are  expected  to  be  sufficient  to  meet  the  Company’s  working  capital  and  operating 
expenditure requirements, excluding the cash that may be required to redeem the Preferred Shares and deferred interest on its 
trust preferred securities, for the next twelve months.  However, the Company’s assessment could also be affected by various 
risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Regulatory Capital

In  the  United  States,  a  risk-based  capital  ("RBC")  formula  is  used  by  the  National  Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners 
("NAIC") to identify property and casualty insurance companies that may not be adequately capitalized.  In general, insurers 
reporting surplus as regards policyholders below 200% of the authorized control level, as defined by the NAIC, at December 31 
are subject to varying levels of regulatory action, including discontinuation of operations.  As of December 31, 2020, surplus as 
regards policyholders reported by Amigo exceeded the 200% threshold.

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2012,  the  Company  began  taking  steps  to  place  all  of  Amigo  into  voluntary  run-off.    As  of 
December 31, 2012, Amigo’s RBC was 157%.  In April 2013, Kingsway filed a comprehensive run-off plan with the Florida 
Office of Insurance Regulation, which outlines plans for Amigo's run-off.  Amigo remains in compliance with that plan.  As of 
December 31, 2020, Amigo's RBC was 1,045%.  

Kingsway Re, our reinsurance subsidiary domiciled in Barbados, is required by the regulator in Barbados to maintain minimum 
statutory capital of $125,000.  Kingsway Re is currently operating with statutory capital near the regulatory minimum, requiring 
us to periodically contribute capital to fund operating expenses.  Kingsway Re incurs operating expenses of approximately $0.1 
million  per  year.    As  of  December  31,  2020,  the  capital  maintained  by  Kingsway  Re  was  in  excess  of  the  regulatory  capital 
requirements in Barbados.

New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards

On  April  17,  2020,  the  Company  received  notification  from  the  New  York  Stock  Exchange  ("NYSE")  of  the  Company's 
noncompliance with certain NYSE standards for continued listing of its common shares. Specifically, Kingsway was below the 
NYSE's continued listing criteria because its average total market capitalization over a 30 consecutive trading day period was 
less  than  $50.0  million  at  the  same  time  that  reported  shareholders'  equity  was  below  $50.0  million.  Under  the  NYSE's 
continued listing criteria, a NYSE-listed company must maintain average market capitalization of not less than $50.0 million 
over a 30 consecutive trading day period or reported shareholders' equity of not less than $50.0 million.

The  Company  submitted  a  business  plan  to  the  NYSE  on  June  1,  2020,  intended  to  demonstrate  its  ability  to  achieve 
compliance  with  the  listing  standards  within  18  months  of  receiving  the  notice.    On  July  9,  2020,  the  NYSE  notified  the 
Company that the plan was accepted. 

40

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Management's Discussion and Analysis

On January 18, 2021, the Company received notification from the NYSE that the Company is now back in compliance with 
NYSE's  continued  listing  standards.  This  is  primarily  the  result  of  the  achievement  of  compliance  with  NYSE's  minimum 
market  capitalization  requirements.  The  Company  is  subject  to  a  twelve-month  follow-up  review  period  during  which  the 
Company's  continued  compliance  with  NYSE's  continued  listing  standards  will  be  monitored,  as  well  as  NYSE's  normal 
continued listing monitoring.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

Table 5 summarizes cash disbursements related to the Company's contractual obligations projected by period, including debt 
maturities,  interest  payments  on  outstanding  debt,  the  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  and  future 
minimum payments under operating leases.  Interest payments on outstanding debt in Table 5 related to the subordinated debt 
and  2020  KWH  Loan  assume  LIBOR  remains  constant  throughout  the  projection  period.    Also,  interest  payments  on 
outstanding debt reflect the interest deferral described in the "Subordinated Debt" section above.

Our provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses does not have contractual payment dates.  In Table 5 below, we 
have  included  a  projection  of  when  we  expect  our  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  to  be  paid,  based  on  historical 
payment  patterns.    The  exact  timing  of  the  payment  of  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  cannot  be  predicted  with 
certainty.    We  maintain  a  substantial  amount  in  short-term  investments  to  provide  adequate  cash  flows  for  the  projected 
payments in Table 5.  

TABLE 5 Cash payments related to contractual obligations projected by period 
As of December 31, 2020 (in thousands of dollars)

Bank loans

Notes payable

Subordinated debt

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025 Thereafter

Total

4,014   

3,705   

3,705   

3,705   

10,571   

—   

25,700 

4,582   

5,023   

5,489   

5,979   

6,496    145,422    172,991 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

90,500   

90,500 

Interest payments on outstanding debt

7,932   

7,592   

35,679   

10,888   

10,478   

68,202    140,771 

Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Future minimum lease payments

845   

997   

543   

909   

61   

628   

—   

554   

—   

382   

—   

165   

1,449 

3,635 

Total

18,370   

17,772   

45,562   

21,126   

27,927    304,289    435,046 

Table 5 above does not reflect amounts that may be paid for the redemption of the 182,876 shares of Class A preferred stock 
("Preferred  Shares")  outstanding  at  December  31,  2020.    Each  Preferred  Share  is  convertible  into  6.25  common  shares  at  a 
conversion  price  of  $4.00  per  common  share  any  time  at  the  option  of  the  holder  prior  to  April  1,  2021  (the  "Redemption 
Date").  On and after February 3, 2016, the Company may redeem all or any part of the then outstanding Preferred Shares for 
the price of $28.75 per Preferred Share, plus accrued but unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not declared, up to and including 
the Redemption Date.  The total redemption amount of the Preferred Shares as of the Redemption Date if the Preferred Shares 
are not converted is expected to be $6.7 million.  The timing and amount of cash, if any, to be paid by the Redemption Date will 
be based upon the extent, if at all, that the Company exercises its right to redeem any Preferred Shares prior to the Redemption 
Date or the holders of the Preferred Shares exercise their option to convert any of the Preferred Shares to common shares.

Refer  to  Note  21,  "Redeemable  Class  A  Preferred  Stock,"  to  the  Consolidated  Financial  Statements  for  further  information 
regarding the Preferred Shares.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has off-balance sheet arrangements related to guarantees, which are further described in Note 27, "Commitments 
and Contingent Liabilities," to the Consolidated Financial Statements. 

41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 

We are a smaller reporting company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act; therefore, pursuant to Regulation S-K, we 
are not required to make disclosures under this Item.

42

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 8.   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

Index to the Consolidated Financial Statements of

Kingsway Financial Services Inc.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2020 and 2019

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1-Business

Note 2-Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Note 3-Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Note 4-Acquisitions

Note 5-Discontinued Operations

Note 6-Variable Interest Entities

Note 7-Investments

Note 8-Investment in Investee

Note 9-Deferred Acquisition Costs

Note 10-Goodwill

Note 11-Intangible Assets

Note 12-Property and Equipment

Note 13-Unpaid Loss and Loss Adjustment Expenses

Note 14-Debt

Note 15-Leases

Note 16-Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Note 17-Income Taxes

Note 18-Loss from Continuing Operations per Share

Note 19-Stock-Based Compensation

Note 20-Employee Benefit Plan

Note 21-Redeemable Class A Preferred Stock

Note 22-Shareholders' Equity

Note 23-Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Note 24-Segmented Information

Note 25-Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Note 26-Related Parties

Note 27-Commitments and Contingent Liabilities

Note 28-Regulatory Capital Requirements and Ratios

Note 29-Statutory Information and Policies

43

44

46

47

48

49

50

52

52

52

60

61

64

64

66

69

70

70

71

72

72

78

81

82

83

86

87

89

90

90

91

92

94

101

102

104

104

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors of Kingsway Financial Services Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 
2020 and 2019, the related statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the 
years  in  the  two-year  period  ended  December  31,  2020,  and  the  related  notes  and  schedule  (collectively  referred  to  as  the 
“financial  statements”).  In  our  opinion,  the  financial  statements  referred  to  above  present  fairly,  in  all  material  respects,  the 
financial  position  of  the  Company  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  2019,  and  the  results  of  its  operations  and  its  cash  flows  for 
each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted 
in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

The  Company's  management  is  responsible  for  these  financial  statements.  Our  responsibility  is  to  express  an  opinion  on  the 
Company’s  financial  statements  based  on  our  audits.  We  are  a  public  accounting  firm  registered  with  the  Public  Company 
Accounting  Oversight  Board  (United  States)  (“PCAOB”)  and  are  required  to  be  independent  with  respect  to  the  Company  in 
accordance  with  the  U.S.  federal  securities  laws  and  the  applicable  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange 
Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the 
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to 
error  or  fraud.  The  Company  is  not  required  to  have,  nor  were  we  engaged  to  perform,  an  audit  of  its  internal  control  over 
financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but 
not  for  the  purpose  of  expressing  an  opinion  on  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting. 
Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due 
to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, 
evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting 
principles  used  and  significant  estimates  made  by  management,  as  well  as  evaluating  the  overall  presentation  of  the  financial 
statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was 
communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are 
material  to  the  financial  statements  and  (2)  involved  our  especially  challenging,  subjective,  or  complex  judgments.  The 
communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and 
we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the 
accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Critical Audit Matter Description

The  Company's  revenue  from  contracts  with  customers  (ASC  606)  relates  to  extended  warranty  service  fee  and  commission 
income, which is comprised of multiple revenue streams including: vehicle service agreement fees, guaranteed asset protection 
commissions,  maintenance  support  service  fees,  warranty  product  commissions,  homebuilder  warranty  service  fees,  and 
homebuilder warranty commissions.  Many of the Company's contracts include revenue which is generated from contracts with 
multiple performance obligations.  Accordingly, the application of revenue recognition policies requires the Company to exercise 
significant judgement in the following areas:

•
•
•

•

•

•

Determination of whether individual services are promises which are considered distinct performance obligations.
Assessing whether the Company is a principal or an agent in providing services to the ultimate customer in the contract.
Assessing variable consideration attributable to each contract and the related estimates of variable consideration which 
are  significant  in  vehicle  service  contracts  based  on  refund  rights  provided  to  the  customer  under  vehicle  service 
contracts and related business practices.
Determining stand-alone selling prices for each distinct service and allocation to each individual performance obligation 
on a relative selling price basis.
Determining  the  timing  of  when  revenue  is  recognized  for  separate  performance  obligations  and  whether  the 
performance is deemed to occur over time or at a point in time. 
For  performance  obligations  satisfied  over  time,  the  selection  of  an  appropriate  methodology  which  best  depicts  the 
transfer of services to the customer under the contract.

44

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

For these reasons, we identified revenue recognition as a critical audit matter.

How the Critical Audit Matter was Addressed in the Audit

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following, among other procedures:

• We  obtained  an  understanding  of  the  processes  and  internal  controls  related  to  each  significant  revenue  generating 

activity within scope of ASC 606.

• We  evaluated  the  Company's  application  of  the  portfolio  approach  to  individual  groups  of  contracts  to  ensure  the 

application was in compliance with ASC 606.

• We  tested  the  determination  of  individual  performance  obligations  identified  by  management  to  ensure  distinct 
performance  obligations  identified  were  consistent  with  the  underlying  contracts.  We  also  tested  whether  all  distinct 
performance obligations within each contract were complete and reflected all material promises which are capable of 
being distinct.

• We evaluated and tested the key judgements applied by management, including:

◦

◦

◦

◦

Assessing whether the Company is deemed to be the principal or an agent in delivering services to the 
customer.  We evaluated the key factors to determine whether the Company is responsible for fulfillment of 
each significant service provided to the customer.
Estimating variable consideration, primarily related to refund liabilities on vehicle service contracts, based on 
historical  patterns  and  future  expectations  of  customer  refund  requests.  We  tested  the  estimated  amount  of 
expected  refunds  including  management’s  assessment  of  refund  rates  on  each  significant  type  of  warranty 
contract to assess the overall reasonableness of the refund liabilities.
Estimating stand-alone selling prices when multiple performance obligations exist within a contract, based on 
management’s  internal  estimates  of  cost  plus  an  appropriate  margin  to  support  expected  selling  prices.    We 
tested  the  related  costs  expected  to  be  incurred  in  satisfying  the  delivery  of  services  at  contract 
commencement and those expected to be incurred over the life of the contract which are primarily associated 
with contract administration services.  We also tested the relative selling price allocation of the contract price to 
each separate performance obligation.
Application of over time recognition patterns, including management’s estimates related to claims emergence 
patterns for each separate group of contracts which possess similar characteristics that faithfully represent the 
transfer of services to the customer. We tested contracts at the warranty company subsidiaries to determine 
the accuracy and consistency of claim emergence patterns.

 /s/ Plante & Moran PLLC                                               

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

Denver, CO                                                                  

March 29, 2021                                               

45

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets 
(in thousands, except share data)

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Assets

Investments:

Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost of $20,488 and $22,136, respectively)

$ 

20,716  $ 

Equity investments, at fair value (cost of $1,157 and $2,895, respectively)

Limited liability investments

Limited liability investments, at fair value

Investments in private companies, at adjusted cost 

Real estate investments, at fair value (cost of $10,225 and $10,225, respectively)

Other investments, at cost which approximates fair value

Short-term investments, at cost which approximates fair value

Total investments

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Accrued investment income

Service fee receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $478 and $634, respectively

Other receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $201 and $201, respectively

Deferred acquisition costs, net

Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $24,441 and $20,503, respectively

Right-of-use asset

Goodwill

Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $15,433 and $13,142, respectively

Other assets

Total Assets

Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity

Liabilities:

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Income taxes payable

Deferred service fees

Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Bank loans

Notes payable

Subordinated debt, at fair value

Lease liability

Net deferred income tax liabilities

Total Liabilities

Redeemable Class A preferred stock, no par value; 1,000,000 and 1,000,000 authorized at December 31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; 182,876 and 222,876 issued and outstanding at December 31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively; redemption amount of $6,658 and $7,696 at December 31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively

Shareholders' Equity:

Common stock, no par value; 50,000,000 and 50,000,000 authorized at December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019, respectively; 22,211,069 and 21,866,959 issued and outstanding at December 31, 
2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively

Additional paid-in capital

Treasury stock, at cost; 247,450 and 247,450 outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 
respectively

Accumulated deficit

Accumulated other comprehensive income

Shareholders' equity attributable to common shareholders

Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries

Total Shareholders' Equity

444 

3,692 

32,811 

790 

10,662 

294 

157 

69,566 

14,374 

30,571 

757 

3,928 

16,323 

8,835 

95,015 

2,960 

121,130 

84,133 

4,882 

22,195 

2,421 

3,841 

29,078 

2,035 

10,662 

1,009 

155 

71,396 

13,478 

12,183 

562 

3,400 

14,013 

8,604 

99,064 

3,327 

82,104 

86,424 

5,068 

$ 

$ 

452,474  $ 

399,623 

42,502  $ 

2,859 

87,945 

1,449 

25,303 

192,057 

50,928 

3,213 

27,555 

433,811 

26,993 

2,758 

56,252 

1,774 

9,240 

194,634 

54,655 

3,529 

29,015 

378,850 

6,504 

6,819 

— 

355,242 

(492) 

(394,807) 

38,059 

(1,998) 

14,157 

12,159 

— 

354,101 

(492) 

(388,082) 

35,347 

874 

13,080 

13,954 

399,623 

Total Liabilities, Class A preferred stock and Shareholders' Equity

$ 

452,474  $ 

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)

Years ended December 31,
2019

2020

Revenues:

Service fee and commission revenue
Rental revenue
Other revenue

Total revenues
Operating expenses:

Claims authorized on vehicle service agreements
Loss and loss adjustment expenses
Commissions 
Cost of services sold
General and administrative expenses
Leased real estate segment interest expense

Total operating expenses
Operating loss
Other revenues (expenses), net:
Net investment income
Net realized gains 
Gain on change in fair value of equity investments
Gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value
Net change in unrealized loss on private company investments
Other-than-temporary impairment loss
Non-operating other (expense) revenue
Interest expense not allocated to segments
Amortization of intangible assets
Gain on change in fair value of debt
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
Equity in net income of investee

Total other expenses, net
Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit 
Income tax benefit
Loss from continuing operations
Gain (loss) on disposal of discontinued operations, net of taxes

Net loss

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries
Less: Dividends on preferred stock
Net loss attributable to common shareholders

Loss per share - continuing operations:

Basic:
Diluted:
Earnings (loss) per share - discontinued operations: 

Basic:
Diluted:

Loss per share – net loss attributable to common shareholders:

Basic:
Diluted:
Weighted average shares outstanding (in ‘000s):

Basic:
Diluted:

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

47

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 
$ 

47,607 
13,365 
390 
61,362 

9,922 
149 
5,530 
2,692 
41,950 
5,950 
66,193 
(4,831) 

2,625 
580 
1,267 
4,046 
(744) 
(117) 
(58) 
(7,719) 
(2,291) 
1,173 
(468) 
— 
(1,706) 
(6,537) 
(1,115) 
(5,422) 
6 

(5,416) 

1,309 
1,066 
(7,791) 

(0.35) 
(0.35) 

— 
— 

(0.35) 
(0.35) 

22,176 
22,176 

46,111 
13,365 
472 
59,948 

9,141 
711 
4,477 
4,701 
36,261 
6,066 
61,357 
(1,409) 

2,905 
796 
561 
4,475 
(324) 
(75) 
257 
(8,991) 
(2,548) 
1,052 
— 
169 
(1,723) 
(3,132) 
(363) 
(2,769) 
(1,544) 

(4,313) 

1,573 
1,019 
(6,905) 

(0.25) 
(0.25) 

(0.07) 
(0.07) 

(0.32) 
(0.32) 

21,860 
21,860 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss
(in thousands) 

Net loss
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes(1):
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments:

Unrealized gains arising during the period

Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net loss

Change in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit risk

Equity in other comprehensive income of limited liability investment

Other comprehensive income (loss) 

Comprehensive loss

Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated 
subsidiaries

Comprehensive loss attributable to common shareholders

 (1) Net of income tax benefit of $0 and $0 in 2020 and 2019, respectively

Years ended December 31,

2020

2019

$ 

(5,416) 

$ 

(4,313) 

104 

64 

2,555 

— 

2,723 

(2,693) 

$ 

1,320 

(4,013) 

$ 

259 

(28) 

(5,685) 

45 

(5,409) 

(9,722) 

1,585 

(11,307) 

$ 

$ 

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity 
(in thousands, except share data)

Additional 
Paid-in 
Capital

Treasury 
Stock

Accumulated 
Deficit

Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

Shareholders' 
Equity 
Attributable to 
Common 
Shareholders

Noncontrolling 
Interests in 
Consolidated 
Subsidiaries

Total 
Shareholders' 
Equity

Common Stock

Shares

Amount

  21,787,728 

$ 

— 

$ 

353,890 

$ 

— 

$ 

(382,196)  $ 

40,768 

12,462 

$ 

11,796 

24,258 

79,231 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(1,019) 

— 

— 

— 

1,230 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(492) 

— 

— 

— 

(5,886) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(5,886) 

(1,019) 

— 

(492) 

(5,421) 

(5,421) 

— 

1,230 

— 

1,573 

— 

(4,313) 

— 

(1,019) 

(301) 

— 

12 

— 

(301) 

(492) 

(5,409) 

1,230 

  21,866,959 

$ 

— 

$ 

354,101 

$ 

(492) 

$ 

(388,082)  $ 

35,347 

$ 

874 

$ 

13,080 

$ 

13,954 

94,110 

— 

— 

250,000 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,381 

— 

(1,066) 

— 

— 

826 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

(6,725) 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,381 

(6,725) 

— 

1,309 

1,381 

(5,416) 

(1,066) 

— 

(1,066) 

— 

(243) 

(243) 

2,712 

2,712 

— 

826 

11 

— 

2,723 

826 

  22,211,069 

$ 

— 

$ 

355,242 

$ 

(492) 

$ 

(394,807)  $ 

38,059 

$ 

(1,998)  $ 

14,157 

$ 

12,159 

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Balance, December 
31, 2018

Vesting of 
restricted stock 
awards, net of 
share settlements 
for tax 
withholdings

Net (loss) income

Preferred stock 
dividends

Deconsolidation of 
noncontrolling 
interest

Repurchase of 
common stock

Other 
comprehensive 
(loss) income

Stock-based 
compensation, net 
of forfeitures

Balance, December 
31, 2019

Vesting of 
restricted stock 
awards, net of 
share settlements 
for tax 
withholdings

Conversion of 
redeemable Class 
A preferred stock 
to common stock

Net (loss) income

Preferred stock 
dividends

Distributions to 
noncontrolling 
interest holders

Other 
comprehensive  
income

Stock-based 
compensation, net 
of forfeitures

Balance, December 
31, 2020

49

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 
(in thousands) 

Years ended December 31,

2020

2019

$ 

(5,416) 

$ 

Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities:
Net loss
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
(Gain) loss on disposal of discontinued operations, net of taxes
Equity in net income in investee
Equity in net income of limited liability investments
Depreciation and amortization expense
Stock based compensation expense, net of forfeitures
Net realized gains
Gain on change in fair value of equity investments
Gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value
Net change in unrealized loss on private company investments
Gain on change in fair value of debt
Deferred income taxes, adjusted for PWI and Geminus liabilities assumed
Other-than-temporary impairment loss 
 Amortization of fixed maturities premiums and discounts
Amortization of note payable premium
Loss on extinguishment of debt, net
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

Service fee receivable, net, adjusted for PWI and Geminus assets acquired
Other receivables, net, adjusted for PWI and Geminus assets acquired
Deferred acquisition costs, net
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expense
Deferred service fees, adjusted for PWI and Geminus liabilities assumed
Other, net, adjusted for PWI and Geminus assets acquired and liabilities assumed

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sales and maturities of fixed maturities
Proceeds from sales of equity investments
Purchases of fixed maturities
Net proceeds from limited liability investments
Net proceeds from (purchases of) limited liability investments, at fair value
Net proceeds from investments in private companies
Net proceeds from other investments
Net (purchases of) proceeds from short-term investments
Proceeds from sale of investee
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired
Net disposals of property and equipment, adjusted for PWI and Geminus assets acquired

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
Financing activities:
Contributions from noncontolling interest holders
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of restricted stock awards
Principal proceeds from bank loans, net of debt issuance costs of $403 and $981 in 2020 and 2019, 
respectively
Principal payments on bank loans
Principal proceeds from notes payable
Principal payments on notes payable
Net cash provided by financing activities

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash 
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

$ 

50

(6) 
— 
(30) 
6,728 
826 
(580) 
(1,267) 
(4,046) 
744 
(1,173) 
(1,001) 
117 
140 
(888) 
468 

931 
438 
(231) 
(325) 
(2,333) 
8,576 
1,672 

14,168 
3,249 
(12,560) 
179 
787 
719 
390 
(4) 
— 
(2,706) 
(213) 

4,009 

(243) 
(83) 

25,297 
(10,062) 
2,858 
(4,164) 
13,603 

19,284 
25,661 
44,945 

$ 

(4,313) 

1,544 
(169) 
(36) 
6,917 
1,230 
(796) 
(561) 
(4,475) 
324 
(1,052) 
(785) 
75 
8 
(915) 
— 

547 
(4,478) 
(1,700) 
(299) 
(1,442) 
9,617 
(759) 

12,742 
1,355 
(18,075) 
355 
(118) 
824 
1,121 
49 
395 
(4,902) 
(212) 

(6,466) 

— 
(89) 

9,019 
(3,855) 
— 
(3,767) 
1,308 

(5,917) 
31,578 
25,661 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Supplemental disclosures of cash flows information:

Cash paid during the year for:

Interest

Income taxes

Non-cash investing and financing activities:

Treasury stock acquired as partial consideration for the sale of ICL common stock 

Conversion of redeemable Class A preferred stock to common stock

Equity investments in Limbach received in connection with the liquidation of 1347 Investors
Accrued dividends on Class A preferred stock issued 

Years ended December 31,

2020

7,816 

81 

— 

250 

— 
343 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

2019

8,481 

138 

(492) 

— 

1,725 
246 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

51

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 1 BUSINESS 

Kingsway  Financial  Services  Inc.  (the  "Company"  or  "Kingsway")  was  incorporated  under  the  Business  Corporations  Act 
(Ontario) on September 19, 1989.  Effective December 31, 2018, the Company changed its jurisdiction of incorporation from 
the province of Ontario, Canada, to the State of Delaware.  Kingsway is a holding company with operating subsidiaries located 
in the United States.  The Company owns or controls subsidiaries primarily in the extended warranty, asset management and 
real estate industries.

NOTE 2 SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a)

Principles of consolidation:

The  accompanying  information  in  the  2020  Annual  Report  has  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  accounting  principles 
generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP").  

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Kingsway and its majority owned and controlled 
subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In  addition,  the  Company  evaluates  its  relationships  or  investments  for  consolidation  pursuant  to  authoritative  accounting 
guidance related to the consolidation of a variable interest entity ("VIE") under the Variable Interest Model prescribed by the 
Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB").  

The  Company’s  investments  include  certain  investments,  primarily  in  limited  liability  companies  and  limited  partnerships  in 
which the Company holds a variable interest.  The Company evaluates these investments for the characteristics of a VIE.  The 
Variable  Interest  Model  identifies  the  characteristics  of  a  VIE  to  include  investments  (1)  lacking  sufficient  equity  to  finance 
activities  without  additional  subordinated  support  or  (2)  in  which  the  holders  of  equity  at  risk  in  the  investments  lack 
characteristics of a controlling financial interest, such as the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the legal 
entity’s economic performance;  the obligation to absorb the legal entity’s expected losses; or the right to receive the expected 
residual returns of the legal entity.  The equity investors as a group are considered to lack the power to direct activities that most 
significantly impact the legal entity’s economic performance when (1) the voting rights of some investors are not proportional 
to their obligations to absorb the expected losses of the legal entity or their rights to receive the expected residual returns of the 
legal  entity  and  (2)  substantially  all  of  the  activities  of  the  legal  entity  are  conducted  on  behalf  of  an  investor  with 
disproportionately  few  voting  rights.    When  evaluating  whether  an  investment  lacks  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial 
interest, the Company considers limited liability companies and limited partnerships to lack the power of a controlling financial 
interest if neither of the following exists: (1) a simple majority or lower threshold of partners or members with equity at risk are 
able to exercise substantive kick-out rights through voting interest over the general partner(s) or managing member(s) or (2) 
limited partners with equity at risk are able to exercise substantive participating rights over the general partner(s) or managing 
member(s).

If the characteristics of a VIE are met, the Company evaluates whether it meets the primary beneficiary criteria.  The primary 
beneficiary is considered to be the entity holding a variable interest that has the power to direct activities that most significantly 
impact the economic performance of the VIE; the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE; or the right to receive benefits from 
the  VIE  that  could  potentially  be  significant  to  the  VIE.    In  instances  where  the  Company  is  considered  to  be  the  primary 
beneficiary, the Company consolidates the VIE.  When the Company is not considered to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, 
the  VIE  is  not  consolidated  and  the  Company  uses  the  equity  method  to  account  for  the  investment.  Under  this  method,  the 
carrying  value  is  generally  the  Company’s  share  of  the  net  asset  value  of  the  unconsolidated  entity,  and  changes  in  the 
Company’s share of the net asset value are recorded in net investment income.

Subsidiaries 

The  Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  include  the  assets,  liabilities,  shareholders'  equity,  revenues,  expenses  and 
cash flows of the holding company and its subsidiaries and have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.  A subsidiary is 
an entity controlled, directly or indirectly, through ownership of more than 50% of the outstanding voting rights, or where the 
Company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies so as to obtain benefits from its activities.  Assessment of 
control is based on the substance of the relationship between the Company and the entity and includes consideration of both 
existing  voting  rights  and,  if  applicable,  potential  voting  rights  that  are  currently  exercisable  and  convertible.    The  operating 
results of subsidiaries that have been disposed are included up to the date control ceased, and any difference between the fair 

52

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

value  of  the  consideration  received  and  the  carrying  value  of  a  subsidiary  that  has  been  disposed  is  recognized  in  the 
consolidated statements of operations.  All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in full.

The consolidated financial statements are prepared as of December 31, 2020 based on individual company financial statements 
at  the  same  date,  or  in  the  case  of  certain  limited  liability  companies  that  are  consolidated,  on  a  three-month  lag  basis.  
Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been aligned where necessary to ensure consistency with those of Kingsway.  

The  Company's  subsidiaries  Argo  Holdings  Fund  I,  LLC  ("Argo  Holdings"),  Flower  Portfolio  001,  LLC  ("Flower")  and  Net 
Lease Investment Grade Portfolio LLC ("Net Lease") meet the definition of an investment company and follow the accounting 
and reporting guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services-Investment Companies. 

Noncontrolling interests 

The Company has noncontrolling interests attributable to certain of its subsidiaries.  A noncontrolling interest arises where the 
Company owns less than 100% of the voting rights and economic interests in a subsidiary.  A noncontrolling interest is initially 
recognized at the proportionate share of the identifiable net assets of the subsidiary at the acquisition date and is subsequently 
adjusted  for  the  noncontrolling  interest's  share  of  the  acquiree's  net  income  (losses)  and  changes  in  capital.    The  effects  of 
transactions with noncontrolling interests are recorded in shareholders' equity where there is no change of control.

(b)

Use of estimates:

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates 
and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  and  classification  of  assets  and  liabilities,  revenues  and  expenses,  and  the 
related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes.  Actual 
results  could  differ  from  these  estimates.    Estimates  and  their  underlying  assumptions  are  reviewed  on  an  ongoing  basis.  
Changes in estimates are recorded in the accounting period in which they are determined.

The critical accounting estimates and assumptions in the accompanying consolidated financial statements include, but are not 
limited  to,  the  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses;  valuation  of  fixed  maturities  and  equity  investments; 
impairment  assessment  of  investments;  valuation  of  limited  liability  investments,  at  fair  value;  valuation  of  real  estate 
investments;  valuation  of  deferred  income  taxes;  valuation  of  mandatorily  redeemable  preferred  stock;  valuation  and 
impairment  assessment  of  intangible  assets;  goodwill  recoverability;  deferred  acquisition  costs;  fair  value  assumptions  for 
subordinated debt obligations; fair value assumptions for stock-based compensation liabilities; and revenue recognition. 

(c)

Foreign currency translation:

Assets  and  liabilities  of  subsidiaries  with  non-U.S.  dollar  functional  currencies  are  translated  to  U.S.  dollars  at  period-end 
exchange rates, while revenue and expenses are translated at average monthly rates and shareholders' equity is translated at the 
rates in effect at dates of capital transactions.  The net unrealized gains or losses which result from the translation of non-U.S. 
subsidiaries financial statements are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income.  Such currency translation gains 
or losses are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations upon the sale of a foreign subsidiary.  Foreign currency 
translation  adjustments  are  included  in  shareholders'  equity  under  the  caption  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income.  
Foreign  currency  gains  and  losses  resulting  from  transactions  denominated  in  currencies  other  than  the  entity's  functional 
currency are reflected in non-operating other (expense) revenue in the consolidated statements of operations. 

(d)

Business combinations:

The  acquisition  method  of  accounting  is  used  to  account  for  acquisitions  of  subsidiaries  or  other  businesses.  The  results  of 
acquired subsidiaries or other businesses are included in the consolidated statements of operations from the date of acquisition.  
The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets received, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred 
or assumed at the date of exchange.  Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business 
combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date, irrespective of the extent of any noncontrolling 
interest.    The  excess  of  the  cost  of  an  acquisition  over  the  fair  value  of  the  Company's  share  of  the  identifiable  net  assets 
acquired is recorded as goodwill.  If the cost of acquisition is less than the fair value of the net assets of the subsidiary acquired, 
the  difference  is  recognized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.    Noncontrolling  interests  in  the  net  assets  of 
consolidated entities are reported separately in shareholders' equity and initially measured at fair value.

(e)

Investments:

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Investments in fixed maturities are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value.  Unrealized gains and losses are 
included  in  accumulated  other  comprehensive  income,  net  of  tax,  until  sold  or  until  an  other-than-temporary  impairment  is 
recognized, at which point cumulative unrealized gains or losses are reclassified to the consolidated statements of operations.

Equity  investments  include  common  stocks  and  warrants  and  are  reported  at  fair  value.    Changes  in  fair  value  of  equity 
investments are recognized in net loss. 

Limited  liability  investments  include  investments  in  limited  liability  companies  and  limited  partnerships  in  which  the 
Company's interests are not deemed minor and, therefore, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting.  The most 
recently available financial statements are used in applying the equity method.  The difference between the end of the reporting 
period  of  the  limited  liability  entities  and  that  of  the  Company  is  no  more  than  three  months.      Income  or  loss  from  limited 
liability investments is recognized based on the Company's share of the earnings of the limited liability entities and is included 
in net investment income.  

Limited liability investments, at fair value are accounted for at fair value with changes in fair value included in gain on change 
in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value.  The difference between the end of the reporting period of the limited 
liability investments, at fair value and that of the Company is no more than three months.  

Investments  in  private  companies  consist  of  convertible  preferred  stocks  and  notes  in  privately  owned  companies  and 
investments in limited liability companies in which the Company’s interests are deemed minor.  These investments do not have 
readily  determinable  fair  values  and,  therefore,  are  reported  at  cost,  adjusted  for  observable  price  changes  and  impairments.  
Changes in carrying value are included in net change in unrealized loss on private company investments.

Real estate investments are reported at fair value.

Other investments include collateral loans and are reported at their unpaid principal balance, which approximates fair value.

Short-term investments, which consist of investments with original maturities between three months and one year, are reported 
at cost, which approximates fair value.

Realized gains and losses on sales, determined on a first-in first-out basis, are included in net realized gains.  

Dividends and interest income are included in net investment income.  Investment income is recorded as it accrues.  

The Company accounts for all financial instruments using trade date accounting.

The  Company  conducts  a  quarterly  review  to  identify  and  evaluate  investments  that  show  objective  indications  of  possible 
impairment.  Impairment is charged to the consolidated statements of operations if the fair value of an instrument falls below its 
cost/amortized  cost  and  the  decline  is  considered  other-than-temporary.    Factors  considered  in  determining  whether  a  loss  is 
other-than-temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost; the financial condition and 
near-term prospects of the issuer; and the Company's ability and intent to hold investments for a period of time sufficient to 
allow for any anticipated recovery.

(f)

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include cash and investments with original maturities of no more than three months when purchased 
that are readily convertible into cash.

(g)

Restricted cash:

Restricted  cash  represents  certain  cash  and  cash  equivalent  balances  restricted  as  to  withdrawal  or  use.    The  Company's 
restricted  cash  is  comprised  primarily  of  cash  held  for  the  payment  of  vehicle  service  agreement  claims  under  the  terms  of 
certain contractual agreements, funds held in escrow, statutory deposits and amounts pledged to third-parties as deposits or to 
collateralize liabilities.    

(h)

Service fee receivable:

Service  fee  receivable  includes  balances  due  and  uncollected  from  customers.    Service  fee  receivable  is  reported  net  of  an 
estimated allowance for doubtful accounts.  The allowance for doubtful accounts is determined based on periodic evaluations of 
aged receivables, historical business data, management’s experience and current economic conditions.

54

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(i)

Deferred acquisition costs, net: 

The Company defers commissions and agency expenses that are directly related to successful efforts to acquire new or existing 
vehicle  service  agreements  to  the  extent  they  are  considered  recoverable.    Costs  deferred  on  vehicle  service  agreements  are 
amortized as the related revenues are earned.  Changes in estimates, if any, are recorded in the accounting period in which they 
are determined.  Anticipated investment income is included in determining the realizable value of the deferred acquisition costs. 

(j)

Property and equipment:

Property and equipment are reported in the consolidated financial statements at cost.  Depreciation of property and equipment 
has been provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of such assets.  Repairs and maintenance are 
recognized in operations during the period incurred.  Land is not depreciated.  The Company estimates useful life to be forty 
years for buildings; five to fifty years for site improvements; three to ten years for leasehold improvements; four to ten years for 
furniture and equipment; and three years for computer hardware. 

(k)

Goodwill and intangible assets:

When  the  Company  acquires  a  subsidiary  or  other  business  where  it  exerts  significant  influence,  the  fair  value  of  the  net 
tangible and intangible assets acquired is determined and compared to the amount paid for the subsidiary or business acquired.  
Any excess of the amount paid over the fair value of those net assets is considered to be goodwill.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of December 31, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the 
carrying value may not be recoverable, to ensure that its fair value is greater than or equal to the carrying value.  Any excess of 
carrying value over fair value is charged to the consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the impairment is 
determined. 

When  the  Company  acquires  a  subsidiary  or  other  business  where  it  exerts  significant  influence  or  acquires  certain  assets, 
intangible assets may be acquired, which are recorded at their fair value at the time of the acquisition.  An intangible asset with 
a  definite  useful  life  is  amortized  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations  over  its  estimated  useful  life.    The  Company 
writes down the value of an intangible asset with a definite useful life when the undiscounted cash flows are not expected to 
allow for full recovery of the carrying value. 

Intangible  assets  with  indefinite  useful  lives  are  not  subject  to  amortization  and  are  tested  for  impairment  annually  as  of 
December 31, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable, to ensure 
that  fair  values  are  greater  than  or  equal  to  carrying  values.    Any  excess  of  carrying  value  over  fair  value  is  charged  to  the 
consolidated statements of operations in the period in which the impairment is determined. 

(l)

Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses: 

Unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  represent  the  estimated  liabilities  for  reported  loss  events,  incurred  but  not  yet 
reported  loss  events  and  the  related  estimated  loss  adjustment  expenses,  including  investigation.    Unpaid  loss  and  loss 
adjustment  expenses  are  determined  using  case-basis  evaluations  and  statistical  analyses,  including  industry  loss  data,  and 
represent estimates of the ultimate cost of all claims incurred through the balance sheet date.  Although considerable variability 
is inherent in such estimates, management believes that the liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses is adequate.  
The estimates are continually reviewed and adjusted as necessary, and such adjustments are included in current operations and 
accounted for as changes in estimates.

(m)

Debt:

Bank loans and notes payable are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at par value adjusted for unamortized discount or 
premium and unamortized issuance costs. Discounts, premiums, and costs directly related to the issuance of debt are capitalized 
and amortized through the maturity date of the debt using the effective interest rate method and are recorded in interest expense 
not  allocated  to  segments  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.  Gains  and  losses  on  the  extinguishment  of  debt  are 
recorded in loss on extinguishment of debt, net.

The Company's subordinated debt is measured and reported at fair value.  The fair value of the subordinated debt is calculated 
using a model based on significant market observable inputs and inputs developed by a third-party.  These inputs include credit 
spread assumptions developed by a third-party and market observable swap rates.  The portion of the change in fair value of 
subordinated debt related to the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

55

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(n)

Income taxes:

The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred income tax assets and 
liabilities are recognized for (i) the differences between the financial statement carrying amount of existing assets and liabilities 
and their respective tax bases and (ii) loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured 
using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be 
recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the 
period that includes the date of enactment.  Future tax benefits are recognized to the extent that realization of such benefits is 
more likely than not and a valuation allowance is established for any portion of a deferred tax asset that management believes 
will not be realized.  Current federal income taxes are charged or credited to operations based upon amounts estimated to be 
payable or recoverable as a result of taxable operations for the current year.  The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions 
in  accordance  with  the  income  tax  accounting  guidance.    The  Company  recognizes  interest  and  penalties,  if  any,  related  to 
unrecognized tax benefits in income tax benefit.

(o)

Leases:

Effective January 1, 2019 the Company records a right of use asset and lease liability for all leases in which the estimated term 
exceeds twelve months.  The Company treats contracts as a lease when the contract: (1) conveys the right to use a physically 
distinct property or equipment asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration, (2) the Company directs the use of the 
asset and (3) the Company obtains substantially all the economic benefits of the asset. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 
are  measured  and  recognized  based  on  the  present  value  of  the  future  minimum  lease  payments  over  the  lease  term  at  the 
commencement  date.    As  the  Company’s  leases  are  office  leases,  the  Company  is  unable  to  determine  an  implicit  rate; 
therefore, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date 
in determining the present value of future payments for those leases. The Company includes options to extend or terminate the 
lease  in  the  measurement  of  the  right-of-use  asset  and  lease  liability  when  it  is  reasonably  certain  that  such  options  will  be 
exercised. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company determines lease classification at commencement date. Leases not classified as sales-type (lessor) or financing 
leases (lessor and lessee) are classified as operating leases. The primary accounting criteria the Company uses that results in 
operating lease classification are: (a) the lease does not transfer ownership of the underlying asset to the lessee by the end of the 
lease term, (b) the lease does not grant the lessee a purchase option that the lessee is reasonably certain to exercise, (c) using a 
seventy-five  percent  or  more  threshold  in  addition  to  other  qualitative  factors,  the  lease  term  is  not  for  a  major  part  of  the 
remaining economic life of the underlying asset, (d) using a ninety percent or more threshold in addition to other qualitative 
factors, the present value of the sum of the lease payments and residual value guarantee from the lessee, if any, does not equal 
or substantially exceed the fair value of the underlying asset.   

As an accounting policy, the Company has elected not to apply the recognition requirements in ASC 842 to short-term leases 
(generally  those  with  terms  of  twelve  months  or  less).  Instead,  the  Company  recognizes  the  lease  payments  as  expense  on  a 
straight-line basis over the lease term and any variable lease payments in the period in which the obligation for those payments 
is incurred.

Rental  income  from  operating  leases  in  which  the  Company  is  the  lessor  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis,  based  on 
contractual  lease  terms  with  fixed  and  determinable  increases  over  the  non-cancellable  term  of  the  related  lease  when 
collectability is reasonably assured. Rental income recognized in excess of amounts contractually due and collected pursuant to 
the underlying lease is recorded in other receivables in the consolidated balance sheets.

Rental  expense  for  operating  leases  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  lease  term,  net  of  any  applicable  lease 
incentive  amortization.  Below  market  lease  liabilities  recorded  in  connection  with  the  acquisition  method  of  accounting  are 
amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the lease, as determined at the acquisition date, and are included in 
accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.  Amortization  of  below  market  lease  liabilities  is 
included as an adjustment to rental revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.

(p)

Revenue recognition:

Service fee and commission revenue and deferred service fees

Service fee and commission revenue represents vehicle service agreement fees, guaranteed asset protection products ("GAP") 
commissions,  maintenance  support  service  fees,  warranty  product  commissions,  homebuilder  warranty  service  fees  and 

56

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

homebuilder  warranty  commissions  based  on  terms  of  various  agreements  with  credit  unions,  consumers,  businesses  and 
homebuilders.  Customers  either  pay  in  full  at  the  inception  of  a  warranty  contract  or  commission  product  sale,  or  on  terms 
subject to the Company’s customary credit reviews.

Vehicle service agreement fees include the fees collected to cover the costs of future automobile mechanical breakdown claims 
and the associated administration of those claims. Vehicle service agreement fees are earned over the duration of the vehicle 
service  agreement  contracts  as  the  single  performance  obligation  is  satisfied.  Vehicle  service  agreement  fees  are  initially 
recorded as deferred service fees. The Company compares the remaining deferred service fees balance to the estimated amount 
of expected future claims under the vehicle service agreement contracts and records an additional accrual if the deferred service 
fees balance is less than expected future claims costs.

In certain jurisdictions the Company is required to refund to a customer a pro-rata share of the vehicle service agreement fees if 
a customer cancels the agreement prior to the end of the term.  Depending on the jurisdiction, the Company may be entitled to 
deduct  from  the  refund  a  cancellation  fee  and/or  amounts  for  claims  incurred  prior  to  cancellation.    While  refunds  vary 
depending on the term and type of product offered, historically refunds have averaged 9% to 13% of the original amount of the 
vehicle service agreement fee.  Revenues recorded by the Company are net of variable consideration related to refunds and the 
associated refund liability is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities. The Company estimates refunds based on the 
actual  historical  refund  rates  by  warranty  type  taking  into  consideration  current  observable  refund  trends  in  estimating  the 
expected amount of future customer refunds to be paid at each reporting period.

GAP commissions include commissions from the sale of GAP products. The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-
party insurance company that underwrites and guaranties these GAP contracts.  The Company receives a single commission fee 
as its transaction price at the time it sells a GAP contract to a customer. Each GAP contract contains two separate performance 
obligations - sale of a GAP contract and GAP claims administration. The first performance obligation is related to the sale of a 
GAP  contract  and  is  satisfied  upon  closing  the  sale.  The  second  performance  obligation  is  related  to  the  administration  of 
claims during the GAP contract period.  The amount of revenue the Company recognizes is based the costs to provide services 
during the GAP contract period, including an appropriate estimate of profit margin. 

Maintenance  support  service  fees  include  the  service  fees  collected  to  administer  equipment  breakdown  and  maintenance 
support services and are earned as services are rendered.

Warranty product commissions include the commissions from the sale of warranty contracts for certain new and used heating, 
ventilation,  air  conditioning  ("HVAC"),  standby  generator,  commercial  LED  lighting  and  refrigeration  equipment.    The 
Company  acts  as  an  agent  on  behalf  of  the  third-party  insurance  companies  that  underwrite  and  guaranty  these  warranty 
contracts.    The  Company  does  not  guaranty  the  performance  underlying  the  warranty  contracts  it  sells.    Warranty  product 
commissions are earned at the time of the warranty product sales. 

Homebuilder  warranty  service  fees  include  fees  collected  from  the  sale  of  warranties  issued  by  new  homebuilders.    The 
Company receives a single warranty service fee as its transaction price at the time it enters into a written contract with each of 
its builder customers.  Each contract contains two separate performance obligations - warranty administrative services and other 
warranty services.  Warranty administrative services include enrolling each home sold by the builder into the program and the 
warranty  administrative  system  and  delivering  the  warranty  product.    Other  warranty  services  include  answering  builder  or 
homeowner questions regarding the home warranty and dispute resolution services.  

Standalone  selling  prices  are  not  directly  observable  in  the  contract  for  each  of  the  separate  home  warranty  performance 
obligations.  As a result, the Company has applied the expected cost plus a margin approach to develop models to estimate the 
standalone  selling  price  for  each  of  its  performance  obligations  in  order  to  allocate  the  transaction  price  to  the  two  separate 
performance obligations identified.  

For  the  model  related  to  the  warranty  administrative  services  performance  obligation,  the  Company  makes  judgments  about 
which  of  its  actual  costs  are  associated  with  enrolling  each  home  sold  by  the  builder  into  the  program  and  the  warranty 
administrative system and delivering the warranty product.  For the model related to the other warranty services performance 
obligation,  the  Company  makes  judgments  about  which  of  its  actual  costs  are  associated  with  activities,  such  as  answering 
builder or homeowner questions regarding the home warranty and dispute resolution services, which are performed over the life 
of  the  warranty  coverage  period.    The  relative  percentage  of  expected  costs  plus  a  margin  associated  with  the  warranty 
administrative services performance obligation is applied to the transaction price to determine the estimated standalone selling 
price of the warranty administrative services performance obligation, which the Company recognizes as earned at the time the 

57

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

home is enrolled and the warranty product is delivered.  The relative percentage of expected costs plus a margin associated with 
the  other  warranty  services  performance  obligation  is  applied  to  the  transaction  price  to  determine  the  estimated  standalone 
selling price of the other warranty services performance obligation, which the Company recognizes as earned as services are 
performed over the warranty coverage period.  

For the other warranty services performance obligation, the Company applies an input method of measurement, based on the 
expected costs plus a margin of providing services, to determine the transfer of its services over the warranty coverage period.  
The Company uses historical data regarding the number of calls it receives and activities performed, in addition to the number 
of homes enrolled, to estimate the number of complaints and dispute resolution requests to be received by year until coverage 
expires, which allows the Company to develop a revenue recognition pattern that it believes provides a faithful depiction of the 
transfer of services over time for the other warranty services performance obligation.

Homebuilder  warranty  commissions  include  commissions  from  the  sale  of  warranty  contracts  for  those  builders  who  have 
requested and receive insurance backing of their warranty obligations.  The Company acts as an agent on behalf of the third-
party  insurance  company  that  underwrites  and  guaranties  these  warranty  contracts.    Homebuilder  warranty  commissions  are 
earned on the certification date, which is typically the date of the closing of the sale of the home to the buyer.  The Company 
also earns fees to manage remediation or repair services related to claims on insurance-backed warranty obligations, which are 
earned when the claims are closed.

(q)

Stock-based compensation:

The Company uses the fair-value method of accounting for stock-based compensation awards granted to employees.  Expense 
is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period  during  which  awards  are  expected  to  vest,  with  a 
corresponding  increase  to  either  additional  paid-in  capital  for  equity-classified  awards  or  to  a  liability  for  liability-classified 
awards.    Liability-classified  awards  are  measured  and  reported  at  fair  value  and  are  included  in  accrued  expenses  and  other 
liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.  For awards with a graded vesting schedule, expense is recognized on a straight-
line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period  for  each  separately  vesting  portion  of  the  award.    For  awards  subject  to  a 
performance  condition,  expense  is  recognized  when  the  performance  condition  has  been  satisfied  or  is  probable  of  being 
satisfied.  Forfeitures are recognized in the period that the award is forfeited.  

(r)

Fair value of financial instruments:

The fair values of the Company's investments in fixed maturities and equity investments, limited liability investments, at fair 
value, real estate investments, subordinated debt, warrant liability and stock-based compensation liabilities are estimated using 
a fair value hierarchy to categorize the inputs it uses in valuation techniques.  Fair values for other investments approximate 
their unpaid principal balance.  The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets approximate fair values for 
cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, short-term investments and certain other assets and other liabilities because of their 
short-term nature. 

(s)

Holding company liquidity:

The Company's Extended Warranty subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through service fee and commission revenue. 
The  Company's  Leased  Real  Estate  subsidiary  funds  its  obligations  through  rental  revenue.  The  Company's  insurance 
subsidiaries fund their obligations primarily through available cash and cash equivalents.

The  liquidity  of  the  holding  company  is  managed  separately  from  its  subsidiaries.    The  obligations  of  the  holding  company 
primarily  consist  of  holding  company  operating  expenses;  transaction-related  expenses;  investments;  and  any  other 
extraordinary demands on the holding company. 

Actions  available  to  the  holding  company  to  increase  liquidity  in  order  to  meet  its  obligations  include  the  sale  of  passive 
investments; sale of subsidiaries; issuance of debt or equity securities; distributions from the Company’s Extended Warranty 
subsidiaries,  subject  to  certain  restrictions;  and  giving  notice  to  its  Trust  Preferred  trustees  of  its  intention  to  exercise  its 
voluntary right to defer interest payments for up to 20 quarters on the six subsidiary trusts of the Company’s subordinated debt, 
which right the Company exercised during the third quarter of 2018.  

Historically, dividends from the Leased Real Estate segment were not generally considered a source of liquidity for the holding 
company,  except  upon  the  occurrence  of  certain  events  that  would  trigger  payment  of  service  fees.    However,  as  more  fully 
described in Note 27, "Commitments and Contingent Liabilities," the holding company is now expected to receive 20% of the 

58

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

proceeds from the increased rental payments resulting from an earlier amendment to the lease (or any borrowings against such 
increased rental payments), as well as a one-time priority payment of $1.5 million.

The holding company’s liquidity, defined as the amount of cash in the bank accounts of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. and 
Kingsway America Inc. ("KAI"), was $1.1 million (approximately two to three months of operating cash outflows) and $2.3 
million  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  respectively.    The  amount  as  of  December  31,  2020  excludes:  a 
$1.3 million distribution received from the Extended Warranty segment in January 2021; the cash expected to be received from 
the Leased Real Estate segment; and future actions available to the holding company that could be taken to increase liquidity.  
The holding company cash amounts are reflected in the cash and cash equivalents of $14.4 million and $13.5 million reported at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The cash and cash 
equivalents  and  restricted  cash  other  than  the  holding  company’s  liquidity  represent  restricted  and  unrestricted  cash  held  by 
Kingsway  Amigo  Insurance  Company  ("Amigo"),  Kingsway  Reinsurance  Corporation  ("Kingsway  Re")  and  the  Company’s 
Extended Warranty and Leased Real Estate segments.

As of December 31, 2020, there are 182,876 shares of the Company’s Class A Preferred Stock (the "Preferred Shares"), issued 
and  outstanding.  Any  outstanding  Preferred  Shares  would  be  required  to  be  redeemed  by  the  Company  on  April  1,  2021 
("Redemption  Date")  at  a  redemption  value  of  $6.7  million  (assuming  all  current  outstanding  Preferred  Shares  would  be 
redeemed), if the Company has sufficient legally available funds to do so.  Additionally, the Company has exercised its right to 
defer payment of interest on its outstanding subordinated debt ("trust preferred securities") and, because of the deferral which 
totaled $14.1 million at December 31, 2020, the Company is prohibited from redeeming any shares of its capital stock while 
payment of interest on the trust preferred securities is being deferred.  If, as of April 1, 2021, the Company was required to pay 
both the deferred interest on the trust preferred securities and redeem all the Preferred Shares currently outstanding, then the 
Company  currently  projects  that  it  would  not  have  sufficient  liquidity  and  legally  available  funds  to  do  so.    However,  the 
Company would be prohibited from doing so under Delaware law and, as such, (a) the interest estimated to be $14.9 million on 
March  31,  2021  on  the  trust  preferred  securities  would  remain  on  deferral  as  permitted  under  the  indentures  and  (b)  in 
accordance with Delaware law the Preferred Shares would not be redeemed on the Redemption Date (with a redemption value 
of $6.7 million) and would instead remain outstanding and continue to accrue dividends until such time as the Company has 
sufficient  legally  available  funds  to  redeem  the  Preferred  Shares  and  is  not  otherwise  prohibited  from  doing  so.    In  such  a 
situation, the Company would continue to operate in the ordinary course.  

The  Company  notes  there  are  several  variables  to  consider  in  such  a  situation,  and  management  is  currently  exploring  the 
following opportunities: negotiating with the holders of the Preferred Shares with respect to the Redemption Date and/or other 
key  provisions,  raising  additional  funds  through  capital  market  transactions,  as  well  as  the  Company’s  continued  strategy  of 
working to monetize its non-core investments while attempting to maximize the tradeoff between liquidity and value received. 

Based on the Company’s current business plan and revenue prospects, existing cash, cash equivalents, investment balances and 
anticipated  cash  flows  from  operations  are  expected  to  be  sufficient  to  meet  the  Company’s  working  capital  and  operating 
expenditure requirements, excluding the cash that may be required to redeem the Preferred Shares and deferred interest on its 
trust preferred securities, for the next twelve months.  However, the Company’s assessment could also be affected by various 
risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

(t)

COVID-19:

In March 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of the coronavirus was recognized as a pandemic by the 
World Health Organization, and the outbreak has become increasingly widespread in the United States, including in the markets 
in  which  we  operate.  The  COVID-19  outbreak  has  had  a  notable  impact  on  general  economic  conditions,  including  but  not 
limited  to  the  temporary  closures  of  many  businesses;  "shelter  in  place"  and  other  governmental  regulations;  and  reduced 
consumer spending due to both job losses and other effects attributable to COVID-19.  The near-term impacts of COVID-19 are 
primarily with respect to the Company’s Extended Warranty segment.  As consumer spending has been impacted, including a 
decline  in  the  purchase  of  new  and  used  vehicles,  and  many  businesses  through  which  the  Company  distributes  its  products 
either remain closed or are open but with capacity constraints, the Company has seen cash flows being affected by a reduction 
in  new  warranty  sales  for  vehicle  service  agreements.    With  respect  to  homeowner  warranties,  the  Company  experienced  an 
initial reduction in new enrollments in its home warranty programs associated with the impact of COVID-19 on new home sales 
in  the  United  States.  There  remain  many  unknowns  and  the  Company  continues  to  monitor  the  expected  trends  and  related 
demand for its services and has and will continue to adjust its operations accordingly.

59

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  Company  could  experience  other  potential  impacts  as  a  result  of  COVID-19,  including,  but  not  limited  to,  potential 
impairment charges to the carrying amounts of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and long-lived assets, the loss in value of 
investments, as well as the potential for adverse impacts on the Company's debt covenant financial ratios.  The Company is not 
aware  of  any  specific  event  or  circumstance  that  would  require  an  update  to  its  estimates  or  judgments  or  a  revision  of  the 
carrying  value  of  its  assets  or  liabilities  as  of  the  date  of  issuance  of  this  2020  Annual  Report.    Actual  results  may  differ 
materially from the Company’s current estimates as the scope of COVID-19 evolves or if the duration of business disruptions is 
longer than initially anticipated.

NOTE 3 RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

(a) 

Adoption of New Accounting Standards:

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and 
Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04").  ASU 2017-04 was issued to simplify how 
an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test which previously 
measured  a  goodwill  impairment  loss  by  comparing  the  implied  fair  value  of  a  reporting  unit’s  goodwill  with  the  carrying 
amount.  This update changes the impairment test by requiring an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its 
carrying amount as opposed to comparing the carrying amount of goodwill with its implied fair value.  The adoption of ASU 
2017-04 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2018-17,  Consolidation (Topic 810): Targeted Improvements to Related 
Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities ("ASU 2018-17").  Among other things, ASU 2018-17 changes how all entities 
that apply the variable interest entity ("VIE") guidance evaluate decision making fees.  Under ASU 2018-17, when an entity 
determines whether a decision-making fee is a variable interest, it considers indirect interests held through related parties under 
common  control  on  a  proportionate  basis  rather  than  in  their  entirety.    The  new  approach  is  consistent  with  how  indirect 
interests held by related parties under common control are evaluated when determining whether a reporting entity is the primary 
beneficiary  of  a  VIE.    The  adoption  of  ASU  2018-17  did  not  have  an  impact  on  the  Company's  consolidated  financial 
statements.

Effective January 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework 
-  Changes  to  the  Disclosure  Requirements  for  Fair  Value  Measurement  ("ASU  2018-13").    ASU  2018-13  modifies  the 
disclosure requirements for assets and liabilities measured at fair value. The requirements to disclose the amount of and reasons 
for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the policy for timing of transfers between levels and the 
valuation processes for Level 3 fair value measurements have all been removed. However, the changes in unrealized gains and 
losses included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 fair value measurements held at the end of the reporting 
period must be disclosed along with the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 
fair value measurements (or other quantitative information if it is more reasonable). Finally, for investments measured at net 
asset  value,  the  requirements  have  been  modified  so  that  the  timing  of  liquidation  and  the  date  when  restrictions  from 
redemption might lapse are only disclosed if the investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing 
publicly.    As  the  amendments  are  only  disclosure  related,  the  effect  of  adoption  did  not  have  a  material  impact  on  the 
Company's consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference 
Rate  Reform  on  Financial  Reporting  ("ASU  2020-04").    ASU  2020-04  provides  optional  expedients  and  exceptions  for 
applying  U.S.  GAAP  to  contracts,  hedging  relationships,  and  other  transactions  affected  by  reference  rate  reform  if  certain 
criteria  are  met.  The  guidance  in  ASU  2020-04,  if  elected,  apply  only  to  contracts  and  hedging  relationships  that  reference 
London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued due to reference rate reform.  
ASU 2020-04 is effective for contract modifications made between March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The adoption 
of the new guidance did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company does not have 
any designated hedging relationships. The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of this guidance on its consolidated 
financial statements.

(b) 

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In  January  2020,  the  Financial  Accounting  Standards  Board  ("FASB")  issued  ASU  2020-01,  Investments-Equity  Securities 
(Topic 321), Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) - Clarifying 
the  Interactions  between  Topic  321,  Topic  323,  and  Topic  815.    ASU  2020-01  clarifies  the  interaction  between  accounting 
standards  related  to  equity  securities  (ASC  321),  equity  method  investments  (ASC  323),  and  certain  derivatives  (ASC815).  
ASU  2020-01  is  effective  for  annual  and  interim  reporting  periods  beginning  after  December  15,  2020.    The  Company  is 

60

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

currently evaluating ASU 2020-01 to determine the potential impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated 
financial statements. 

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses 
on  Financial  Instruments  ("ASU  2016-13").    ASU  2016-13  replaces  the  current  incurred  loss  model  used  to  measure 
impairment  losses  with  an  expected  loss  model  for  trade,  reinsurance,  and  other  receivables  as  well  as  financial  instruments 
measured  at  amortized  cost.    ASU  2016-13  will  require  a  financial  asset  measured  at  amortized  cost,  including  reinsurance 
balances recoverable, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected by means of an allowance for credit losses that 
runs through net loss.  Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities will also be recorded through an allowance for 
credit losses.  However, the amendments would limit the amount of the allowance to the amount by which fair value is below 
amortized  cost.    The  measurement  of  credit  losses  on  available-for-sale  investments  is  similar  under  current  GAAP,  but  the 
update requires the use of the allowance account through which amounts can be reversed, rather than through irreversible write-
downs.  On November 15, 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which (1) provides a framework to stagger effective dates for 
future  major  accounting  standards  and  (2)  amends  the  effective  dates  for  certain  major  new  accounting  standards  to  give 
implementation  relief  to  certain  types  of  entities.    Specifically,  per  ASU  2019-10  the  Company  would  adopt  ASU  2016-13 
beginning  January  1,  2023,  as  the  Company  is  a  smaller  reporting  company.    The  Company  is  currently  evaluating  ASU 
2016-13 to determine the potential impact that adopting this standard will have on its consolidated financial statements. 

NOTE 4 ACQUISITIONS 

(a) 

PWI Holdings, Inc.

On December 1, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of PWI Holdings, Inc. for cash consideration of 
$24.4 million.  The final purchase price is subject to a working capital true-up that will be finalized in 2021.  PWI Holdings, 
Inc.,  through  its  subsidiaries  Preferred  Warranties,  Inc.,  Superior  Warranties,  Inc.,  Preferred  Warranties  of  Florida,  Inc.,  and 
Preferred  Nationwide  Reinsurance  Company,  Ltd.  (collectively,  "PWI"),  markets,  sells  and  administers  vehicle  service 
agreements  in  all  fifty  states,  primarily  through  a  network  of  automobile  dealer  partners.    As  further  discussed  in  Note  24, 
"Segmented Information," PWI is included in the Extended Warranty segment.  This acquisition allows the Company to grow 
its portfolio of warranty companies and further expand into the vehicle service agreement business.  

The Company has not completed its purchase price allocation associated with the acquisition of PWI due to the timing of the 
acquisition occurring in December and intends to finalize during 2021 its purchase price allocation fair value analysis of the 
assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded in the consolidated financial 
statements at their estimated fair values before recognition of any identifiable intangible assets or other fair value adjustments 
with the excess purchase price all being provisionally allocated to goodwill. These estimates, allocations and calculations are 
subject to change as we obtain further information; therefore, the final fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed 
are  expected  to  change  from  the  estimates  included  in  these  consolidated  financial  statements.    Based  upon  historical 
acquisitions  and  a  preliminary  analysis  of  PWI,  the  Company  would  expect  to  record  intangible  assets  relating  to  customer 
relationships and trade names, as well as to record a net deferred income tax liability and a reduction in deferred service fees.  
Any such adjustments would be made against the preliminary goodwill amount shown in the table below.  The goodwill is not 
deductible for tax purposes.  To the extent PWI records a net deferred income tax liability, the Company may be able to release 
a portion of its deferred income tax valuation allowance in the consolidated statements of operations.

61

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  following  table  summarizes  the  estimated  allocation  of  the  PWI  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  at  the  date  of 
acquisition:

(in thousands)

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Service fee receivable

Other receivables

Income taxes recoverable

Property and equipment, net

Right-of-use asset

Goodwill

Other assets

Total assets

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Lease liability

Deferred service fees

Total liabilities

Purchase price

December 1, 2020

90 

21,578 

1,459 

2,748 

60 

175 

254 

39,026 

1,320 

66,710 

8,055 

255 

34,026 

42,336 

24,374 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The consolidated statements of operations include the earnings of PWI from the date of acquisition.  From the date of 
acquisition through December 31, 2020, PWI earned revenue of $2.5 million and net income of $0.7 million. 

(b) 

Geminus Holdings Company, Inc.

On March 1, 2019, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Geminus Holding Company, Inc. ("Geminus") for 
cash consideration of $8.4 million, comprised of $7.7 million of cash and an installment payable to the seller of $0.7 million 
due February 15, 2020.  The payable to seller was paid in full by February 15, 2020.  At December 31, 2019, the balance of the 
payable to seller was $0.1 million.  

As further discussed in Note 24, "Segmented Information," Geminus is included in the Extended Warranty segment.  Geminus 
is a specialty, full-service provider of vehicle service agreements and other finance and insurance products to used car buyers 
around the country.  Geminus, headquartered in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, has been creating, marketing and administering 
these products on high-mileage used cars through its subsidiaries, The Penn Warranty Corporation ("Penn") and Prime Auto 
Care Inc. ("Prime"), since 1988.  Penn and Prime distribute these products via independent used car dealerships and franchised 
car  dealerships,  respectively.    This  acquisition  allows  the  Company  to  grow  its  portfolio  of  warranty  companies  and  further 
expand into the vehicle service agreement business.

This acquisition was accounted for as a business combination using the acquisition method of accounting.  The purchase price 
was  allocated  to  the  assets  acquired  and  liabilities  assumed  based  upon  their  estimated  fair  values  at  the  date  of  acquisition.  
Goodwill of $7.4 million was recognized, and $5.7 million of separately identifiable intangible assets were recognized resulting 
from  the  valuations  of  acquired  customer  relationships  and  trade  names.    Refer  to  Note  11,  "Intangible  Assets,"  for  further 
disclosure of the intangible assets related to this acquisition.  The goodwill represents the premium paid over the fair value of 
the  net  tangible  and  intangible  assets  acquired,  which  the  Company  paid  to  grow  its  portfolio  of  warranty  companies  and 
acquire an assembled workforce.  The goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes.

62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the Geminus assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of 
acquisition:

(in thousands)

Investments

Cash and cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Accrued investment income

Service fee receivable

Other receivables

Property and equipment, net

Goodwill

Intangible assets not subject to amortization - trade names

Intangible asset subject to amortization - customer relationships

Other assets

Total assets

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Income taxes payable

Deferred service fees

Net deferred income tax liabilities

Total liabilities

Purchase price

March 1, 2019

4,405 

755 

2,650 

32 

513 

12 

79 

7,445 

1,974 

3,732 

620 

22,217 

2,018 

1 

10,564 

1,263 

13,846 

8,371 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The  consolidated  statements  of  operations  include  the  earnings  of  Geminus  from  the  date  of  acquisition.    From  the  date  of 
acquisition through December 31, 2019, Geminus earned revenue of $9.9 million and net income of $0.6 million.

The  following  unaudited  pro  forma  summary  presents  the  Company's  consolidated  financial  statements  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 as if PWI and Geminus had been acquired on January 1 of the year prior to the 
acquisitions.  The pro forma summary is presented for illustrative purposes only and does not purport to represent the results of 
our operations that would have actually occurred had the acquisitions occurred as of the beginning of the period presented or 
project our results of operations as of any future date or for any future period, as applicable.  The pro forma results primarily 
include purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisition of Geminus, interest expense and the amortization of debt 
issuance costs and discount associated with the related financing obtained in connection with the PWI acquisition (see Note 14, 
"Debt"), tax related adjustments and acquisition-related expenses.  Purchase accounting adjustments related to the acquisition of 
PWI have not been included in the pro forma information below, pending the finalization of the fair value analysis of the assets 
acquired and liabilities assumed.

(in thousands, except per share data)

Revenues

Loss from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders
Basic loss per share - continuing operations
Diluted loss per share - continuing operations

Year ended December 31,
2019
93,431 

2020
89,121  $ 

(3,999)  $ 
(0.18)  $ 
(0.18)  $ 

(6,718) 
(0.31) 
(0.31) 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company incurred acquisition-related expenses of $0.4 
million and $0.5 million, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements 
of operations. 

63

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 5 DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 

Mendota Insurance Company, Mendakota Insurance Company and Mendakota Casualty Company:

On  July  16,  2018,  the  Company  announced  it  had  entered  into  a  definitive  agreement  to  sell  its  non-standard  automobile 
insurance  companies  Mendota  Insurance  Company,  Mendakota  Insurance  Company  and  Mendakota  Casualty  Company 
(collectively  "Mendota").    On  October  18,  2018,  the  Company  completed  the  previously  announced  sale  of  Mendota.    The 
Company recognized a gain on disposal of Mendota of less than $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 and a loss 
on disposal of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019. 

The  final  aggregate  purchase  price  of  $28.6  million  was  redeployed  primarily  to  acquire  equity  investments,  limited  liability 
investments, limited liability investment, at fair value and other investments, which were owned by Mendota at the time of the 
closing,  and  to  fund  $5.0  million  into  an  escrow  account  to  be  used  to  satisfy  potential  indemnity  obligations  under  the 
definitive stock purchase agreement.  As part of the transaction, the Company will indemnify the buyer for any loss and loss 
adjustment expenses with respect to open claims and certain specified claims in excess of Mendota's carried unpaid loss and 
loss adjustment expenses at June 30, 2018.  The maximum obligation to the Company with respect to the open claims is $2.5 
million.    A  security  interest  on  the  Company’s  equity  interest  in  its  consolidated  subsidiary,  Net  Lease,  as  well  as  any 
distributions to the Company from Net Lease, is collateral for the Company’s payment of obligations with respect to the open 
claims.

There  was  no  maximum  obligation  to  the  Company  with  respect  to  the  specified  claims.    During  the  first  quarter  of  2019, 
Mendota settled one of the two specified claims for $0.5 million, resulting in no loss to the Company.  During the fourth quarter 
of 2019, Mendota notified the Company that Mendota had entered into an agreement to settle the remaining specified claim for 
$1.6 million.  Net of expenses, the Company recorded a gain of less than $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 
and a loss of $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, related to the settlement of the remaining specified claims, 
which  is  reported  as  gain  (loss)  on  disposal  of  discontinued  operations  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.    The 
$1.6 million settlement was funded from the $5.0 million escrow account, and the $3.4 million remaining in the escrow account 
was released to the Company during the first quarter of 2020 consistent with the terms of the escrow agreement.

NOTE 6 VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

(a)  Consolidated VIEs

Argo Holdings Fund I, LLC:

The  Company  held  a  43.4%  investment  in  Argo  Holdings  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019.    Argo  Holdings 
makes investments, primarily in established lower middle market companies based in North America, through investments in 
search  funds.    The  managing  member  of  Argo  Holdings  is  Argo  Management  Group,  LLC  ("Argo  Management"),  a  wholly 
owned  subsidiary  of  the  Company.    Argo  Holdings  is  considered  to  be  a  VIE  as  the  members  holding  equity  at  risk  lack 
characteristics of a controlling financial interest.  The Company holds a variable interest in Argo Holdings due to its right to 
absorb  significant  economics  in  Argo  Holdings  and  through  its  controlling  interest  in  Argo  Management,  through  which  the 
Company  holds  the  power  to  direct  the  significant  activities  of  Argo  Holdings.    As  such,  the  Company  was  the  primary 
beneficiary of Argo Holdings and consolidated Argo Holdings at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Net Lease Investment Grade Portfolio, LLC:

The Company held a 71.0% investment in Net Lease at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  Net Lease holds three 
commercial properties under triple net leases. The properties are encumbered by mortgage loans.  Net Lease is considered to be 
a  VIE  as  the  members  holding  equity  at  risk  lack  characteristics  of  a  controlling  financial  interest.    The  Company  holds  a 
variable  interest  in  Net  Lease  due  to  its  right  to  absorb  significant  economics  in  Net  Lease  and  to  control  the  management 
decisions of Net Lease, which allows the Company to hold the power to direct the significant activities of Net Lease.  As such, 
the  Company  is  the  primary  beneficiary  of  Net  Lease  and  consolidated  Net  Lease  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31, 
2019.

64

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Company at December 31, 2020 
and December 31, 2019: 

(in thousands)

Assets
Limited liability investments, at fair value
Cash and cash equivalents
Accrued investment income
Total Assets
Liabilities
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Notes payable
Total Liabilities

2020

32,811 
538 
454 
33,803 

352 
9,000 
9,352 

$ 

$ 

December 31,

2019

29,078 
311 
244 
29,633 

347 
9,000 
9,347 

$ 

$ 

No  arrangements  exist  requiring  the  Company  to  provide  additional  funding  to  the  consolidated  VIEs  in  excess  of  the 
Company’s unfunded commitments to its consolidated VIEs.  At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company 
had  no  unfunded  commitments.    There  are  no  restrictions  on  assets  consolidated  by  these  VIEs.    There  are  no  structured 
settlements of liabilities consolidated by these VIEs.  Creditors have no recourse to the general credit of the Company as the 
primary beneficiary of these VIEs.   

(b) Non-Consolidated VIEs

The  Company’s  investments  include  certain  non-consolidated  investments,  primarily  in  limited  liability  companies  and 
limited partnerships in which the Company holds variable interests, that are considered VIEs due to the legal entities holding 
insufficient equity; the holders of equity at risk in the legal entities lacking controlling financial interests; and/or the holders 
of equity at risk having non-proportional voting rights.

The Company’s risk of loss associated with its non-consolidated VIEs is limited and depends on the investment.  Limited 
liability  investments  accounted  for  under  the  equity  method  are  limited  to  the  Company’s  initial  investments.    At 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had no unfunded commitments to its non-consolidated VIEs.

The following table summarizes the carrying value and maximum loss exposure of the Company’s non-consolidated VIEs at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

2020

December 31,

2019

Carrying 
Value

Maximum Loss 
Exposure

Carrying 
Value

Maximum Loss 
Exposure

Investments in non-consolidated VIEs

$ 

2,940  $ 

2,940  $ 

3,116  $ 

3,116 

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-consolidated VIEs by category at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019:

(in thousands)

Investments in non-consolidated VIEs:

Real estate related
Non-real estate related

Total investments in non-consolidated VIEs

2020

December 31,

2019

Carrying 
Value

Percent of 
total

Carrying 
Value

Percent of 
total

1,610 
1,330 
2,940 

 54.8 % $ 
 45.2 %  
 100.0 % $ 

1,654 
1,462 
3,116 

 53.1 %
 46.9 %
 100.0 %

$ 

$ 

65

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  following  table  presents  aggregated  summarized  financial  information  of  the  Company’s  non-consolidated  VIEs  at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  For certain of the non-consolidated VIEs, the financial information is presented 
on a lag basis, consistent with how the changes in the Company’s share of the net asset values of these equity method investees 
are recorded in net investment income.  The difference between the end of the reporting period of an equity method investee 
and that of the Company is typically no more than three months.

(in thousands)

Assets
Liabilities
Equity

(in thousands)

Net income

NOTE 7 INVESTMENTS

2020
325,215 
307,464 
23,930 

2020
27,419 

December 31,

2019
379,994 
354,468 
25,526 

December 31,

2019
5,027 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 
$ 

$ 

The  amortized  cost,  gross  unrealized  gains  and  losses,  and  estimated  fair  value  of  the  Company's  available-for-sale 
investments at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are summarized in the tables shown below:  

(in thousands)

Amortized 
Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated   
Fair Value

December 31, 2020

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies and 
authorities

$ 

States, municipalities and political subdivisions

9,999 

1,447 

5,334 

3,708 

$ 

105 

$ 

7 

66 

56 

$ 

20,488 

$ 

234 

$ 

— 

— 

6 

— 

6 

$ 

10,104 

1,454 

5,394 

3,764 

$ 

20,716 

December 31, 2019

Amortized 
Cost

Gross 
Unrealized 
Gains

Gross 
Unrealized 
Losses

Estimated   
Fair Value

Mortgage-backed

Corporate

Total fixed maturities

(in thousands)

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies and 
authorities

$ 

13,246 

$ 

States, municipalities and political subdivisions

Mortgage-backed

Corporate

Total fixed maturities

601 

2,951 

5,338 

$ 

74 

— 

2 

8 

4 

1 

14 

6 

25 

$ 

13,316 

600 

2,939 

5,340 

$ 

22,195 

$ 

22,136 

$ 

84 

$ 

66

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  table  below  summarizes  the  Company's  fixed  maturities  at  December  31,  2020  by  contractual  maturity  periods.    Actual 
results may differ as issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations, with or without penalties, prior to the contractual 
maturity of these obligations.

(in thousands)

Due in one year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through ten years
Due after ten years
Total

Amortized Cost
4,192 
14,736 
346 
1,214 
20,488 

$ 

$ 

$ 

December 31, 2020
Estimated Fair 
Value
4,218 
14,921 
358 
1,219 
20,716 

$ 

The  following  tables  highlight  the  aggregate  unrealized  loss  position,  by  security  type,  of  available-for-sale  investments  in 
unrealized  loss  positions  as  of  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019.    The  tables  segregate  the  holdings  based  on  the 
period of time the investments have been continuously held in unrealized loss positions.

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

Less than 12 Months

Greater than 12 Months

Total

Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies 
and authorities
Mortgage-backed

$ 

$ 

511 
834 

$ 

— 
6 

Total fixed maturities

$ 

1,345 

$ 

6 

$ 

— 
— 

— 

$ 

$ 

— 
— 

— 

$ 

$ 

511 
834 

$ 

1,345 

$ 

— 
6 

6 

(in thousands)

December 31, 2019

Less than 12 Months

Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Greater than 12 Months
Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Total

Estimated 
Fair Value

Unrealized 
Loss

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government 
agencies and authorities
States, municipalities and political 
subdivisions

Mortgage-backed

Corporate

Total fixed maturities

$ 

3,863 

$ 

$ 

305 

$ 

— 

$ 

1,002 

$ 

— 

1,063 

2,495 

— 

1 

4 

5 

453 

1,271 

526 

$ 

3,252 

$ 

4 

1 

13 

2 

20 

$ 

1,307 

$ 

453 

2,334 

3,021 

$ 

7,115 

$ 

4 

1 

14 

6 

25 

There  are  approximately  five  and  48  individual  available-for-sale  investments  that  were  in  unrealized  loss  positions  as  of 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. 

The  establishment  of  an  other-than-temporary  impairment  on  an  available-for-sale  investment  or  limited  liability  investment 
requires a number of judgments and estimates.  The Company performs a quarterly analysis of the individual investments to 
determine  if  declines  in  market  value  are  other-than-temporary.    Refer  to  "Significant  Accounting  Policies  and  Critical 
Estimates" section of Management's Discussion & Analysis for further information regarding the Company's detailed analysis 
and factors considered in establishing an other-than-temporary impairment on an investment.

67

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

As a result of the analysis performed by the Company to determine declines in market value that are other-than-temporary, the 
Company recorded write downs for other-than-temporary impairment related to:

•

•

Other  investments  of  $0.1  million  and  zero  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019, 
respectively; and
Limited liability investments of zero and $0.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 
respectively.

The  Company  has  reviewed  currently  available  information  regarding  investments  with  estimated  fair  values  less  than  their 
carrying amounts and believes these unrealized losses are not other-than-temporary and are primarily due to temporary market 
and sector-related factors rather than to issuer-specific factors. The Company does not intend to sell those investments, and it is 
not likely it will be required to sell those investments before recovery of its amortized cost.

The Company does not have any exposure to subprime mortgage-backed investments.

As of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the carrying value of limited liability investments totaled $3.7 million and 
$3.8  million,  respectively.    At  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  has  no  unfunded  commitments  related  to  limited  liability 
investments. 

Limited liability investments, at fair value represents the underlying investments of Net Lease and Argo Holdings.  Prior to the 
fourth quarter of 2019, limited liability investments, at fair value included the Company's investment in 1347 Investors LLC 
("1347 Investors"). 

The fair value of the Company's investment in 1347 Investors was calculated based on a model that distributed the net equity of 
1347 Investors to all classes of membership interests. The model used quoted market prices and significant market observable 
inputs. The most significant input to the model was the observed stock price of Limbach Holdings, Inc. ("Limbach") common 
stock.    During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2019,  the  Company’s  investment  in  1347  Investors  was  dissolved,  which  resulted  in  the 
Company  holding  shares  of  Limbach  common  stock  directly.    During  the  third  quarter  of  2020,  the  Company  sold  all  of  its 
shares of Limbach common stock for cash proceeds totaling $3.2 million, resulting in the Company recording a realized gain of 
$1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.   

The Company consolidates the financial statements of Net Lease on a three-month lag.  Net Lease reported an increase in the 
fair value of its underlying investments of $2.4 million during their third quarter of 2020.  As a result of the three-month lag, the 
Company reported this as a gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value during the fourth quarter 
of 2020.  The increase in fair value is primarily attributable to the sale of one of the three Net Lease investment properties for 
$40.1  million,  which  closed  on  October  30,  2020.    Given  the  proximity  of  the  sale  to  September  30,  2020,  the  Company 
believes that the ultimate selling price is the best indication of value as of September 30, 2020. 

As  of  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  the  carrying  value  of  the  Company's  limited  liability  investments,  at  fair 
value  was  $32.8  million  and  $29.1  million,  respectively.    The  Company  recorded  impairments  related  to  limited  liability 
investments,  at  fair  value  of  $0.1  million  and  $0.1  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019, 
respectively, which are included in gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value in the consolidated 
statements  of  operations.    At  December  31,  2020,  the  Company  has  no  unfunded  commitments  related  to  limited  liability 
investments, at fair value.

As  of  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  the  carrying  value  of  the  Company's  investments  in  private  companies 
totaled  $0.8  million  and  $2.0  million,  respectively.    For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  the 
Company  recorded  adjustments  of  zero  and  $0.2  million,  respectively,  to  decrease  the  fair  value  of  certain  investments  in 
private  companies  for  observable  price  changes,  which  are  included  in  net  change  in  unrealized  loss  on  private  company 
investments in the consolidated statements of operations. 

The  Company  performs  a  quarterly  impairment  analysis  of  its  investments  in  private  companies.    As  a  result  of  the  analysis 
performed, the Company recorded impairments related to investments in private companies of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for 
the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, which are included in net change in unrealized loss 
on  private  company  investments  in  the  consolidated  statements  of  operations.    The  impairments  recorded  for  the  year  ended 
December 31, 2020 are a result of the impact of COVID-19 on the investments' underlying business. 

The  Company  previously  had  issued  promissory  notes  (the  "Notes")  to  five  former  employees  (the  "Debtors"),  which  were 
recorded as other investments in the consolidated balance sheets.  During the third and fourth quarters of 2020, the Company 

68

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

agreed  to  accept  partial  payment  from  the  Debtors  as  full  satisfaction  of  the  Debtors'  obligations  under  the  Notes  and 
recognized  a  loss  of  $0.2  million  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  which  is  included  in  net  realized  gains  in  the 
consolidated statements of operations.  During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recorded a write-down of $0.1 
million  for  other-than-temporary  impairment  related  to  the  Notes  for  one  of  the  Debtors.    The  remaining  principal  amount 
outstanding on the Notes was zero as of December 31, 2020. 

Net investment income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, is comprised as follows:  

(in thousands)

Investment income

  Interest from fixed maturities
Dividends
Income from limited liability investments

Income from limited liability investments, at fair value
Income from real estate investments
Other

Gross investment income
Investment expenses
Net investment income

Years ended December 31,
2019

2020

310 
153 
30 

937 
800 
461 
2,691 
(66) 
2,625 

$ 

$ 

484 
263 
36 

885 
800 
506 
2,974 
(69) 
2,905 

$ 

$ 

Gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments, limited liability investments, limited liability investments, at 
fair value and investments in private companies for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is comprised as 
follows:

(in thousands)

Gross realized gains
Gross realized losses
Net realized gains 

$ 

$ 

Years ended December 31,
2019
1,399 
(603) 
796 

2020
806 
(226) 
580 

$ 

$ 

Gain  on  change  in  fair  value  of  equity  investments  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  is 
comprised as follows:

(in thousands)

Years ended December 31,

Net gain (losses) recognized on equity investments sold during the period
Change in unrealized (losses) gains on equity investments held at end of the 
period
Gain on change in fair value of equity investments

$ 

$ 

Impact of COVID-19 on Investments 

2020
1,506  $ 

(239) 
1,267  $ 

2019
(156) 

717 
561 

The Company continues to assess the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic may have on the value of its various investments, 
which  could  result  in  future  material  decreases  in  the  underlying  investment  values.    Such  decreases  may  be  considered 
temporary  or  could  be  deemed  to  be  other-than-temporary,  and  management  may  be  required  to  record  write-downs  of  the 
related investments in future reporting periods.

NOTE 8 INVESTMENT IN INVESTEE

The Company formerly held an investment in the common stock of Itasca Capital Ltd. ("ICL") that was recorded as investment 
in investee in the consolidated balance sheets prior to December 31, 2019.      

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company sold its investment in the common stock of ICL in two separate transactions:

•

On October 9, 2019, the Company executed an agreement to sell 1,974,113 shares of ICL common stock, at a price of 
C$0.35 per share, for cash proceeds totaling C$0.7 million.  The Company recognized a gain of $0.1 million on this 

69

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

•

transaction, which is included in equity in net income of investee in the consolidated statements of operations.  As a 
result  of  this  transaction,  the  Company's  ownership  percentage  in  ICL  was  reduced  to  13.8%.    As  a  result  of  this 
change in ownership, the Company determined that its investment in the common stock of ICL no longer qualified for 
the equity method of accounting and reclassified this investment to equity investments.
On  October  31,  2019,  the  Company  executed  an  agreement  with  its  former  Chief  Executive  Officer  to  sell  its 
remaining  3,011,447  shares  of  ICL  common  stock,  at  a  price  of  C$0.35  per  share,  for  consideration  totaling  C$1.1 
million,  comprised  of  cash  proceeds  of  C$0.2  million  and  247,450  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock.  The 
Company recognized a loss of less than $0.1 million on this transaction, which is included in gain on change in fair 
value of equity investments in the consolidated statements of operations.  See Note 26(b), "Related Parties," for more 
information.    

The Company reported equity in net income of investee of $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, which includes 
the $0.1 million gain on sale and $0.1 million of equity in net income of investee.

NOTE 9 DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS

Deferred  acquisition  costs  consist  primarily  of  commissions  and  agency  expenses  incurred  related  to  successful  efforts  to 
acquire vehicle service agreements and are amortized over the period in which the related revenues are earned.

The components of deferred acquisition costs and the related amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019 are comprised as follows:

(in thousands)

Balance at January 1, net

Additions

Amortization

Balance at December 31, net

NOTE 10 GOODWILL

Years ended December 31,

2020

8,604 

4,896 

(4,665) 

$ 

8,835 

$ 

2019

6,904 

5,854 

(4,154) 

8,604 

$ 

$ 

 The following table summarizes goodwill activity for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

Balance, December 31, 2018

Acquisition 
Balance, December 31, 2019

Acquisition 
Balance, December 31, 2020

Extended Warranty

Leased Real Estate 

Corporate

Total

$ 

$ 

12,944  $ 

7,445 
20,389 

8
9 

39,026 
59,415  $ 

60,983  $ 

732  $ 

— 
60,983 

— 
60,983  $ 

— 
732 

— 
732  $ 

74,659 

7,445 
82,104 

39,026 
121,130 

As further discussed in Note 4, "Acquisitions," the Company recorded goodwill of $39.0 million related to the acquisition of 
PWI on December 1, 2020 which is provisional and subject to adjustment.  The Company intends to finalize during 2021 its fair 
value analysis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the acquisition of PWI. The estimates, allocations and 
calculations  recorded  at  December  31,  2020  are  subject  to  change  as  we  obtain  further  information;  therefore,  the  final  fair 
values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may not agree with the estimates included in these consolidated financial 
statements.    Based  upon  historical  acquisitions  and  a  preliminary  analysis  of  PWI,  the  Company  would  expect  to  record 
intangible assets relating to customer relationships and trade names, as well as to record a reduction in deferred service fees.  
Any such adjustments would be made against the preliminary goodwill amount shown in the table below.

As  further  discussed  in  Note  4,  "Acquisitions,"  the  Company  recorded  goodwill  of  $7.4  million  related  to  the  acquisition  of 
Geminus on March 1, 2019. 

Goodwill is assessed for impairment annually as of December 31, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that 
the  carrying  value  may  not  be  recoverable.  The  Company  tested  goodwill  for  recoverability  at  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019.  Based on the assessment performed, no goodwill impairments were recognized in 2020 and 2019.

70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Although  the  Company  believes  its  estimates  of  fair  value  are  reasonable,  actual  financial  results  could  differ  from  those 
estimates  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  involved  in  making  such  estimates.  Changes  in  assumptions  concerning  future 
financial results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on either the fair value of the reporting units, 
the amount of the goodwill impairment charge, or both.  

For Leased Real Estate, the Company models a hypothetical sale of the underlying asset in order to arrive at fair value, which, 
due to the unique nature of Leased Real Estate, the Company views as a technique consistent with the objective of measuring 
fair value.  The Company believes that its estimates of future cash flows and discount rates are reasonable; however, the amount 
by which the fair value exceeds the carrying value of the reporting unit has declined significantly primarily as a result of the 
CMC  settlement  agreement  discussed  in  Note  27,  "Commitments  and  Contingent  Liabilities".    The  estimated  fair  value  of 
Leased Real Estate is highly sensitive to discount rates applied and changes in the underlying assumptions in the future could 
differ  materially  due  to  the  inherent  uncertainty  in  making  such  estimates.  Additionally,  estimates  regarding  future  sales 
proceeds and timing of such proceeds could also have a significant impact on the fair value.

NOTE 11 INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are comprised as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

Intangible assets subject to amortization

Database
Vehicle service agreements in-force
Customer relationships
In-place lease
Non-compete

Intangible assets not subject to amortization

Tenant relationship
Trade names

Total

(in thousands)

Intangible assets subject to amortization

Database
Vehicle service agreements in-force
Customer relationships
In-place lease
Non-compete

Intangible assets not subject to amortization

Tenant relationship
Trade names

Total

Gross Carrying 
Value

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net Carrying 
Value

$ 

$ 

4,918 
3,680 
12,646 
1,125 
266 

73,667 
3,264 

99,566 

$ 

$ 

3,997 
3,680 
7,305 
281 
170 

— 
— 

$ 

15,433 

$ 

921 
— 
5,341 
844 
96 

73,667 
3,264 

84,133 

Gross Carrying 
Value

Accumulated 
Amortization

Net Carrying 
Value

December 31, 2019

$ 

$ 

4,918 
3,680 
12,646 
1,125 
266 

73,667 
3,264 

99,566 

$ 

$ 

3,505 
3,680 
5,622 
218 
117 

— 
— 

$ 

13,142 

$ 

1,413 
— 
7,024 
907 
149 

73,667 
1,290 

86,424 

As  further  discussed  in  Note  4,  "Acquisitions,"  during  the  first  quarter  of  2019,  the  Company  recorded  $5.7  million  of 
separately identifiable intangible assets, related to acquired customer relationships and trade names, as part of the acquisition of 
Geminus. The customer relationships intangible asset of $3.7 million is being amortized over ten years based on the pattern in 
which  the  economic  benefits  of  the  intangible  asset  are  expected  to  be  consumed.    The  trade  name  intangible  assets  of  $2.0 
million are deemed to have indefinite useful lives and are not amortized. 

The  Company's  other  intangible  assets  with  definite  useful  lives  are  amortized  either  based  on  the  patterns  in  which  the 
economic benefits of the intangible assets are expected to be consumed or using the straight-line method over their estimated 

71

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

useful lives, which range from 5 to 18 years.  Amortization of intangible assets was $2.3 million and $2.5 million for the years 
ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.  The estimated aggregate future amortization expense of all 
intangible assets is $2.0 million for 2021, $1.6 million for 2022, $0.9 million for 2023, $0.7 million for 2024 and $0.5 million 
for 2025.  

The  tenant  relationship  and  trade  names  intangible  assets  have  indefinite  useful  lives  and  are  not  amortized.    All  intangible 
assets with indefinite useful lives are reviewed annually by the Company for impairment.  No impairment charges were taken 
on intangible assets in 2020 or 2019. 

As further discussed in Note 4, "Acquisitions," the Company acquired PWI on December 1, 2020 and intends to finalize the fair 
value analysis of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed during 2021.  Based upon historical acquisitions and a preliminary 
analysis of PWI, the Company would expect to record intangible assets relating to customer relationships and trade names.  

NOTE 12 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are comprised as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

Land
Site improvements
Buildings
Leasehold improvements
Furniture and equipment
Computer hardware

Total

(in thousands)

Land
Site improvements
Buildings
Leasehold improvements
Furniture and equipment
Computer hardware

Total

Total Property and Equipment

Accumulated 
Depreciation

Carrying Value

Cost

$ 

21,120  $ 
91,308 
580 
296 
1,223 
4,929 

—  $ 

18,428 
65 
125 
1,074 
4,749 

$ 

119,456  $ 

24,441  $ 

December 31, 2019

Total Property and Equipment

Accumulated 
Depreciation

Carrying Value

Cost

$ 

21,120  $ 
91,308 
580 
156 
1,121 
5,282 

—  $ 

14,295 
50 
109 
1,010 
5,039 

$ 

119,567  $ 

20,503  $ 

21,120 
72,880 
515 
171 
149 
180 

95,015 

21,120 
77,013 
530 
47 
111 
243 

99,064 

For each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, depreciation expense on property and equipment of 
$4.4 million is included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

NOTE 13 UNPAID LOSS AND LOSS ADJUSTMENT EXPENSES

The process for establishing the provision for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses reflects the uncertainties and significant 
judgmental factors inherent in predicting future results of both reported and incurred but not reported claims.  The Company's 
evaluation of the adequacy of unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses includes a re-estimation of the liability for unpaid loss 
and loss adjustment expenses relating to each preceding financial year compared to the liability that was previously established. 

72

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  results  of  this  comparison  and  the  changes  in  the  provision  for  unpaid  loss  and  loss  adjustment  expenses  as  of 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were as follows:

(in thousands)

December 31,

Balance at beginning of period, gross
Less reinsurance recoverable related to unpaid loss and loss adjustment 
expenses

Balance at beginning of period, net

Incurred related to:

      Current year

      Prior years

Paid related to:

      Current year
      Prior years

Balance at end of period, net
Plus reinsurance recoverable related to unpaid loss and loss adjustment 
expenses
Balance at end of period, gross

2020

$ 

1,774 

$ 

— 

1,774 

— 

149 

— 
(474) 

1,449 

$ 

— 
1,449 

$ 

2019

2,073 

— 

2,073 

— 

711 

— 
(1,010) 

1,774 

— 
1,774 

The Company reported unfavorable development on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses of $0.1 million and $0.7 million  
in  2020  and  2019,  respectively,  related  to  an  increase  in  loss  adjustment  expenses  at  Amigo.    During  the  second  quarter  of 
2019, the Company agreed to settle three related open Amigo claims for an amount in excess of the provision for unpaid loss 
and loss adjustment expenses carried by the Company for these three open claims.   During the year ended December 31, 2019, 
the  Company  incurred  a  loss  of  approximately  $0.8  million  related  to  the  settlement  of  these  claims.    Original  estimates  are 
increased or decreased as additional information becomes known regarding individual claims.

The following tables contain information about incurred and paid loss and loss adjustment expenses development as of and for 
the  year  December  31,  2020,  net  of  reinsurance,  as  well  as  cumulative  claim  frequency  and  the  total  of  IBNR  liabilities, 
including expected development on reported unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses included within the net incurred losses 
and allocated loss adjustment expenses amounts.  The information about incurred and paid loss and loss adjustment expenses 
development  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2011  through  2019,  and  the  average  annual  percentage  payout  of  incurred 
claims by age as of December 31, 2020, is presented as supplementary information.

73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Non-standard automobile insurance - Private passenger auto liability
(in thousands)

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2020

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total

29,034 

  29,458 

  28,744 

  28,094 

  27,865 

  27,613 

  27,597 

  27,851 

  27,830 

27,942 

  13,736 

  13,536 

  13,273 

  12,926 

  12,815 

  12,720 

  13,037 

  13,101 

13,016 

6,456 

6,434 

5,474 

4,488 

4,617 

4,654 

4,645 

4,616 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

4 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

45,577 

As of  December 31, 
2020

Total of 
IBNR Plus 
Expected 
Development 
on Reported 
Losses

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims

93 

128 

15 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Non-standard automobile insurance - Private passenger auto liability

(in thousands)

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2020

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

18,456   

25,296   

26,599   

27,023   

27,378   

27,431   

27,479   

27,677   

27,732   

27,848 

7,060   

11,724   

12,284   

12,530   

12,618   

12,635   

12,738   

12,813   

12,889 

3,575   

4,277   

4,437   

4,496   

4,562   

4,571   

4,598   

4,601 

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

3   

—   

—   

—   

—   

— 

3 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Total

45,341 

 Liabilities for non-standard automobile-private passenger auto liability unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses prior to 2011, net of 
reinsurance

 Total liabilities for non-standard automobile-private passenger auto liability unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of 
reinsurance

1 

237 

74

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Non-standard automobile insurance - Auto physical damage
(in thousands)

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2020

As of  December 31, 
2020

Total of 
IBNR Plus 
Expected 
Development 
on Reported 
Losses

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total

4,366 

3,247 

3,241 

3,263 

3,262 

3,260 

3,269 

3,261 

3,261 

1,755 

1,920 

1,990 

2,015 

2,007 

2,018 

1,908 

1,908 

1,085 

996 

— 

1,001 

999 

1,003 

988 

988 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

3,261 

1,908 

988 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

6,157 

Non-standard automobile insurance - Auto physical damage

(in thousands)

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2,971   

3,268   

1,783   

3,270   

1,951   

1,050   

3,270   

2,006   

1,015   

—   

3,266   

2,016   

1,001   

—   

—   

3,267   

2,017   

1,002   

—   

—   

—   

3,269   

2,018   

1,002   

3,261   

1,908   

988   

3,261   

1,908   

988   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2020

3,261 

1,908 

988 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 Liabilities for non-standard automobile-auto physical damage unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses prior to 2011, net of 
reinsurance

 Total liabilities for non-standard automobile-auto physical damage unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

— 

— 

Total

6,157 

75

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Commercial automobile
(in thousands)

Incurred Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2020

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Total

8,521 

9,784 

8,990 

8,752 

8,791 

8,812 

8,816 

8,901 

8,767 

9,503 

7,759 

7,548 

7,349 

7,562 

7,766 

8,078 

8,128 

597 

477 

— 

489 

350 

364 

316 

284 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

8,767 

8,281 

284 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

17,332 

As of  December 31, 
2020

Total of 
IBNR Plus 
Expected 
Development 
on Reported 
Losses

Cumulative 
Number of 
Reported 
Claims

— 

82 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

76

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Commercial automobile

(in thousands)

Cumulative Paid Loss and Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses, Net of Reinsurance

For the Years Ended  December 31,

Accident 
Year

2011 
Unaudited

2012 
Unaudited

2013 
Unaudited

2014 
Unaudited

2015 
Unaudited

2016 
Unaudited

2017 
Unaudited

2018 
Unaudited

2019 
Unaudited

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

5,005   

7,926   

5,034   

8,326   

6,607   

299   

8,533   

7,028   

352   

—   

8,638   

7,150   

358   

—   

—   

8,747   

7,457   

358   

—   

—   

—   

8,765   

7,681   

358   

8,767   

7,943   

284   

8,767   

8,066   

284   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

—   

2020

8,767 

8,200 

284 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

 Liabilities for commercial automobile unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses prior to 2011, net of reinsurance

 Total liabilities for commercial automobile unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

Total

17,251 

5 

86 

The following table reconciles the unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance presented in the tables 
above to the unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses reported in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Liabilities for loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

   Non-standard automobile - private passenger auto liability

Commercial automobile

   Other short-duration insurance lines 

Liabilities for unpaid loss and allocated loss adjustment expenses, net of reinsurance

Total reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

Unallocated loss adjustment expenses

Total gross liability for unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses

237 

86 

1,122 

1,445 

— 

4 

1,449 

462 

73 

1,225 

1,760 

— 

14 

1,774 

The following is supplementary information about average historical incurred loss duration as of December 31, 2020.

Average Annual Percentage Payout of Incurred Losses by Age, Net of Reinsurance 
(Unaudited)

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 Year 9 Year 10

Non-standard automobile -
private passenger auto liability

 85.7 %  13.0 %  1.2 %  0.1 %  — %  — %  — %  — %  — %  — %

Commercial automobile

 64.4 %  29.9 %  5.7 %  — %  — %  — %  — %  — %  — %  — %

77

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 14 DEBT

Debt consists of the following instruments at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

Bank loans:

PWSC Loan
2020 KWH 
Loan 
2019 KWH 
Loan
Total bank loans

Notes payable:
Mortgage
Flower Note
Net Lease Note
PPP
Total notes 
payable

Subordinated debt
Total

$ 

December 31, 2020
Carrying 
Value

Principal

Fair Value

Principal

December 31, 2019
Carrying 
Value

Fair Value

$ 

—  $ 

—  $ 

— 

$ 

437  $ 

437  $ 

25,700 

— 
25,700 

166,106 
6,885 
9,000 
2,476 

25,303 

— 
25,303 

173,696 
6,885 
9,000 
2,476 

184,467 
90,500 
300,667  $ 

192,057 
50,928 
268,288  $ 

25,893 

— 
25,893 

194,158 
7,863 
9,054 
2,476 

213,551 
50,928 
290,372 

— 

9,625 
10,062 

169,818 
7,337 
9,000 
— 

— 

8,803 
9,240 

178,297 
7,337 
9,000 
— 

186,155 
90,500 
286,717  $ 

194,634 
54,655 
258,529  $ 

$ 

435 

— 

11,820 
12,255 

182,265 
8,071 
9,396 
— 

199,732 
54,655 
266,642 

Subordinated debt mentioned above consists of the following trust preferred debt instruments:

Issuer

Principal 
(in thousands)

Issue date

Kingsway CT Statutory Trust I

Kingsway CT Statutory Trust II

Kingsway CT Statutory Trust III

Kingsway DE Statutory Trust III

Kingsway DE Statutory Trust IV

Kingsway DE Statutory Trust VI

(a)          Bank loans:

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

15,000 

12/4/2002

17,500 

5/15/2003

20,000  10/29/2003

15,000 

5/22/2003

10,000 

9/30/2003

13,000  12/16/2003

Interest
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
4.00% payable quarterly
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
4.10% payable quarterly
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
3.95% payable quarterly
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
4.20% payable quarterly
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
3.85% payable quarterly
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR, plus 
4.00% payable quarterly

Redemption date

12/4/2032

5/15/2033

10/29/2033

5/22/2033

9/30/2033

1/8/2034

In  2019,  the  Company  formed  Kingsway  Warranty  Holdings  LLC  ("KWH"),  whose  subsidiaries  include  IWS  Acquisition 
Corporation  ("IWS"),  Geminus  and  Trinity  Warranty  Solutions  LLC  ("Trinity").    As  part  of  the  acquisition  of  PWI  on 
December  1,  2020,  PWI  became  a  wholly  owned  subsidiary  of  KWH,  which  borrowed  a  principal  amount  of  $25.7  million 
from a bank, consisting of a $24.7 million term loan and a $1.0 million revolving credit facility (the "2020 KWH Loan").  The 
proceeds from the 2020 KWH Loan were used to partially fund the acquisition of PWI and to repay the KWH Loan, discussed 
below, in full.  The 2020 KWH Loan has an annual interest rate equal to the London interbank offered interest rate for three-
month  U.S.  dollar  deposits  ("LIBOR")  having  a  floor  of  0.75%,  plus  3.00%.  At  December  31,  2020,  the  interest  rate  was 
3.75%.  The 2020 KWH Loan matures on December 1, 2025. The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of 
the  2020  KWH  Loan  issuance  costs  of  $0.4  million  specifically  related  to  the  2020  KWH  Loan.    The  2020  KWH  Loan  is 
carried in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of 
principal as well as the amortization of the debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair 
value  of  the  2020  KWH  Loan  disclosed  in  the  table  above  is  derived  from  quoted  market  prices  of  B  and  BB  minus  rated 
industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  The 2020 KWH Loan is 
secured by certain of the equity interests and assets of KWH and its subsidiaries.

78

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The 2020 KWH Loan contains a number of covenants, including, but not limited to, a leverage ratio, a fixed charge ratio and 
limits on annual capital expenditures, all of which are as defined in and calculated pursuant to the 2020 KWH Loan that, among 
other things, restrict KWH’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make dividends and distributions, engage in 
mergers, acquisitions and consolidations, make certain payments and investments and dispose of certain assets.

As part of the acquisition of Geminus on March 1, 2019, KWH borrowed a principal amount of $10.0 million from a bank at an 
annual interest rate equal to LIBOR having a floor of 2.00%, plus 9.25% (the "2019 KWH Loan"), using most of the proceeds 
to acquire Geminus.  At December 31, 2019, the interest rate was 11.25%.  As part of the 2019 KWH Loan, KWH also issued 
warrants (the "KWH Warrants") to the lender exercisable to purchase an aggregate 1.25% membership interest in KWH.  The 
Company allocated $0.4 million of the 2019 KWH Loan proceeds to a liability, recorded as part of accrued expenses and other 
liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, to reflect the estimated fair value of the KWH Warrants, as the warrants contain a 
put right exercisable by the holder.  Changes in the estimated fair value of the KWH Warrants are recorded in the consolidated 
statements of operations.  The Company also recorded as a discount to the carrying value of the 2019 KWH Loan issuance costs 
of $1.0 million specifically related to the 2019 KWH Loan.  The 2019 KWH Loan is carried in the consolidated balance sheet at 
December 31, 2019 at its amortized cost, which reflects the quarterly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization of the 
debt discount and issuance costs using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the 2019 KWH Loan disclosed in 
the table above is derived from quoted market prices of B and BB minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is 
categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  The 2019 KWH Loan was secured by certain of the equity interests and 
assets of KWH and its subsidiaries.

The  2019  KWH  Loan  was  scheduled  to  mature  on  March  1,  2024;  however  the  remaining  principal  was  fully  repaid  on 
December  1,  2020.    The  Company  incurred  $0.9  million  of  costs  related  to  the  extinguishment  of  the  2019  KWH  Loan, 
including  the  write-off  of  unamortized  debt  issuance  costs,  discount  and  early  termination  fees  paid  to  the  lender,  which  are 
recorded as loss on extinguishment of debt, net in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 
2020.  On December 1, 2020, the Company also repurchased the KWH Warrants for cash consideration of $0.3 million, which 
was equal to the fair value of the warrant liability.

As  part  of  the  acquisition  of  Professional  Warranty  Service  Corporation  ("PWSC")  on  October  12,  2017,  the  Company 
borrowed a principal amount of $5.0 million from a bank at a fixed interest rate of 5.0% (the "PWSC Loan").  The carrying 
value of the PWSC Loan represents its unpaid principal balance.  The fair value of the PWSC Loan disclosed in the table above 
is derived from quoted market prices of B and B minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within 
Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.  The PWSC Loan was scheduled to mature on October 12, 2022; however, the remaining 
principal was fully repaid on January 30, 2020. 

(b)          Notes payable:

As part of the acquisition of CMC Industries, Inc. ("CMC") in July 2016, the Company assumed a mortgage, which is recorded 
as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Mortgage").  The Mortgage is nonrecourse indebtedness with respect to 
CMC and its subsidiaries, and the Mortgage is not, nor will it be, guaranteed by Kingsway or its affiliates.  The Mortgage is 
collateralized  by  a  parcel  of  real  property  consisting  of  approximately  192  acres  located  in  the  State  of  Texas  (the  "Real 
Property") and the assignment of leases and rents related to a long-term triple net lease agreement with an unrelated third-party.  
The Mortgage, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets, was recorded at its estimated fair value of 
$191.7 million, which included the unpaid principal amount of $180.0 million as of the date of acquisition plus a premium of 
$11.7 million.  The Mortgage matures on May 15, 2034 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.07%.  The Mortgage is carried in the 
consolidated balance sheets at its amortized cost, which reflects the monthly pay-down of principal as well as the amortization 
of the premium using the effective interest rate method.  The fair value of the Mortgage disclosed in the table above is derived 
from quoted market prices of A-rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value 
hierarchy.

On  January  5,  2015,  Flower  assumed  a  $9.2  million  mortgage  in  conjunction  with  the  purchase  of  investment  real  estate 
properties, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Flower Note").  The Flower Note requires 
monthly  payments  of  principal  and  interest  and  is  secured  by  certain  investments  of  Flower.    The  Flower  Note  matures  on 
December 10, 2031 and has a fixed interest rate of 4.81%.  The carrying value of the Flower Note at December 31, 2020 of $6.9 
million represents its unpaid principal balance.  The fair value of the Flower Note disclosed in the table above is derived from 
quoted market prices of A and BBB rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair 
value hierarchy.

79

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

On October 15, 2015, Net Lease assumed a $9.0 million mezzanine debt in conjunction with the purchase of investment real 
estate properties, which is recorded as note payable in the consolidated balance sheets ("the Net Lease Note").  The Net Lease 
Note requires monthly payments of interest and is secured by certain investments of Net Lease.  The Net Lease Note matured 
on  November  1,  2020  and  had  a  fixed  interest  rate  of  10.25%.    In  conjunction  with  the  maturity  of  the  Net  Lease  Note  on 
November  1,  2020,  Net  Lease  explored  alternatives  to  maximize  the  value  of  its  investment  portfolio.    As  a  result  of  this 
process, Net Lease elected to sell one of its three investment real estate properties while refinancing the remaining properties.  
The existing financing was replaced with three year non-recourse debt maturing November 1, 2023 with a fixed interest rate of 
4.35%.  Each of these transactions closed on October 30, 2020, however because the Company reports Net Lease on a three-
month lag, the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 continues to report the $9.0 million mezzanine debt, which 
represents its unpaid principal balance.  The fair value of the Net Lease Note disclosed in the table above is derived from quoted 
market prices of B and B minus rated industrial bonds with similar maturities and is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value 
hierarchy.  

In  April  2020,  certain  subsidiaries  of  the  Company  received  loan  proceeds  under  the  Paycheck  Protection  Program  ("PPP"), 
totaling $2.9 million with a stated annual interest rate of 1.00%. The PPP, established as part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, 
and  Economic  Security  Act  and  administered  by  the  U.S.  Small  Business  Administration  (the  "SBA"),  provides  for  loans  to 
qualifying businesses for amounts up to 2.5 times of the average monthly payroll costs (as defined for purposes of the PPP) of 
the qualifying business. The loans and accrued interest are forgivable as long as the borrower uses the loan proceeds for eligible 
purposes, including payroll, costs, rent and utilities, during the twenty-four week period following the borrower’s receipt of the 
loan and maintains its payroll levels and employee headcount. The amount of loan forgiveness will be reduced if the borrower 
reduces  its  employee  headcount  below  its  average  employee  headcount  during  a  benchmark  period  or  significantly  reduces 
salaries for certain employees during the covered period.

The Company used the entire loan amount for qualifying expenses. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has announced that it 
will conduct audits for PPP loans that exceed $2.0 million.  If the Company were to be audited and receive an adverse outcome 
in  such  an  audit,  it  could  be  required  to  return  the  full  amount  of  the  PPP  Loan  and  may  potentially  be  subject  to  civil  and 
criminal fines and penalties.

On December 21, 2020 the SBA approved the forgiveness of the full amount of one of the five PPP loans.  The forgiveness 
included  principal  and  interest  of  $0.4  million,  which  is  included  in  loss  on  extinguishment  of  debt,  net  in  the  consolidated 
statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020.  In January 2021, the SBA provided the Company with notices 
of forgiveness of the full amount of two of the remaining four loans.  The forgiveness included total principal and interest of 
$1.4 million. The carrying value of the PPP at December 31, 2020 of $2.5 million represents its unpaid principal balance. 

(c)          Subordinated debt:

Between  December  4,  2002  and  December  16,  2003,  six  subsidiary  trusts  of  the  Company  issued  $90.5  million  of  30-year 
capital  securities  to  third-parties  in  separate  private  transactions.    In  each  instance,  a  corresponding  floating  rate  junior 
subordinated deferrable interest debenture was then issued by KAI to the trust in exchange for the proceeds from the private 
sale.  The floating rate debentures bear interest at the rate of LIBOR, plus spreads ranging from 3.85% to 4.20%.  The Company 
has the right to call each of these securities at par value any time after five years from their issuance until their maturity.  

The  subordinated  debt  is  carried  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  at  fair  value.    See  Note  25,  "Fair  Value  of  Financial 
Instruments,"  for  further  discussion  of  the  subordinated  debt.    The  portion  of  the  change  in  fair  value  of  subordinated  debt 
related to the instrument-specific credit risk is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).  Of the $3.7 million decrease 
in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2020, $2.6 million is reported 
as  decrease  in  fair  value  of  debt  attributable  to  instrument-specific  credit  risk  in  the  Company's  consolidated  statements  of 
comprehensive  loss  and  $1.2  million  is  reported  as  gain  on  change  in  fair  value  of  debt  in  the  Company’s  consolidated 
statements of operations.  Of the $4.6 million increase in fair value of the Company’s subordinated debt between December 31, 
2018 and December 31, 2019, $5.7 million is reported as increase in fair value of debt attributable to instrument-specific credit 
risk  in  the  Company's  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  loss,  partially  offset  by  $1.1  million  reported  as  gain  on 
change in fair value of debt in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. 

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company gave notice to its Trust Preferred trustees of its intention to exercise its voluntary 
right  to  defer  interest  payments  for  up  to  20  quarters,  pursuant  to  the  contractual  terms  of  its  outstanding  Trust  Preferred 
indentures,  which  permit  interest  deferral.    This  action  does  not  constitute  a  default  under  the  Company's  Trust  Preferred 
indentures  or  any  of  its  other  debt  indentures.    At  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  deferred  interest  payable  of 
$14.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively, is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance 
sheets. 

80

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  agreements  governing  the  subordinated  debt  contain  a  number  of  covenants  that,  among  other  things,  restrict  the 
Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness, make dividends and distributions, and make certain payments in respect of 
the Company’s outstanding securities. 

NOTE 15 LEASES

(a)          Lessee leases:

The Company has operating leases for office space that include fixed base rent payments, as well as variable rent payments to 
reimburse the landlord for operating expenses and taxes.  The Company’s variable lease payments do not depend on a published 
index or rate, and therefore, are expensed as incurred.  The Company includes only fixed payments for lease components in the 
measurement of the right-of-use asset and lease liability. There are no residual value guarantees. 

Operating lease costs and variable lease costs included in selling and administrative costs for the year ended December 31, 2020 
were $0.9 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. 

The annual maturities of lease liabilities as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:

(in thousands)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026 and thereafter
Total undiscounted lease payments
Imputed interest
Total lease liabilities

Lease Commitments

979 
899 
624 
550 
381 
165 
3,598 
385 
3,213 

$ 

$ 

The  weighted-average  remaining  lease  term  for  operating  leases  was  4.52  years  as  of  December  31,  2020.  The  weighted 
average  discount  rate  of  operating  leases  was  5.28%  as  of  December  31,  2020.    Cash  paid  for  amounts  included  in  the 
measurement of lease liabilities was $0.7 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019.

Supplemental non-cash information related to leases for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes right-of-use assets of $0.3 
million acquired in exchange for $0.3 million of lease obligations.

(b)          Lessor leases:

The Company owns the Real Propert that is subject to a long-term triple net lease agreement with an unrelated third-party. The 
lease provides for future rent escalations and renewal options. The initial lease term ends in May 2034. The lessee bears the cost 
of  maintenance  and  property  taxes.  Rental  income  from  operating  leases  is  recognized  on  a  straight-line  basis,  based  on 
contractual  lease  terms  with  fixed  and  determinable  increases  over  the  non-cancellable  term  of  the  related  lease  when 
collectability is reasonably assured. Rental revenue includes amortization of below market lease liabilities of $0.1 million and 
$0.1  million  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  respectively.    The  estimated  aggregate  future 
amortization of below market lease liabilities is $0.1 million for 2021, $0.1 million for 2022, $0.1 million for 2023, $0.1 million 
for  2024  and  $0.1  million  for  2025.    Realization  of  the  residual  values  of  the  assets  under  lease  is  dependent  on  the  future 
ability to market the assets under prevailing market conditions.  The lease is classified as an operating lease and the underlying 
leased  assets  are  included  in  property  and  equipment  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.    Refer  to  Note  12,  "Property  and 
Equipment".

Lease revenue related to operating leases was $13.4 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019. 

81

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  following  table  provides  the  net  book  value  of  operating  lease  property  included  in  property  and  equipment  in  the 
consolidated balance sheets: 

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Land
Site improvements
Buildings
Gross property and equipment leased 
Accumulation depreciation
Net property and equipment leased

$ 

$ 

$ 

21,120 
91,308 
580 
113,008 
(18,493) 
94,515 

$ 

$ 

$21,120 
91,308 
580 
113,008 
(14,345) 
98,663 

As of December 31, 2020, future undiscounted cash flows to be received in each of the next five years and thereafter, on non-
cancelable operating leases are as follows:

(in thousands)
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Thereafter

$ 

12,099 
12,371 
12,649 
12,934 
13,225 
123,738 

NOTE 16 REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

Revenue from contracts with customers relates to Extended Warranty segment service fee and commission revenue.  Service 
fee and commission revenue represents vehicle service agreement fees, GAP commissions, maintenance support service fees, 
warranty product commissions, homebuilder warranty service fees and homebuilder warranty commissions based on terms of 
various agreements with credit unions, consumers, businesses and homebuilders.  Customers either pay in full at the inception 
of a warranty contract or commission product sale, or on terms subject to the Company’s customary credit reviews.

The following table disaggregates revenues from contracts with customers by revenue type:

(in thousands)

Vehicle service agreement fees and GAP commissions - IWS, Geminus and PWI
Maintenance support service fees - Trinity
Warranty product commissions - Trinity
Homebuilder warranty service fees - PWSC
Homebuilder warranty commissions - PWSC
Service fee and commission revenue

$ 

$ 

Years ended December 31,
2019
2020

33,137  $ 
3,457 
3,622 
6,290 
1,101 
47,607  $ 

29,097 
6,997 
2,963 
6,058 
996 
46,111 

Receivables from contracts with customers are reported as service fee receivable, net in the consolidated balance sheets and at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were $3.9 million and $3.4 million, respectively.

The Company records deferred service fees resulting from contracts with customers when payment is received in advance of 
satisfying the performance obligations.  Deferred service fees were $87.9 million and $56.3 million at December 31, 2020 and 
December 31, 2019, respectively.  The increase in deferred service fees during the year ended December 31, 2020 is primarily 
due to the deferred service fees acquired related to the acquisition of PWI of $34.0 million which was recorded at a provisional 
amount subject to finalization of the Company’s purchase price allocation, as further discussed in Note 4, "Acquisitions". 

The  Company  expects  to  recognize  within  one  year  as  service  fee  and  commission  revenue  approximately  51.7%  of  the 
deferred service fees as of December 31, 2020.  Approximately $23.5 million and $14.5 million of service fee and commission 

82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

revenue recognized during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was included in deferred service fees as 
of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

NOTE 17 INCOME TAXES

The Company and all of its eligible U.S. subsidiaries file a U.S. consolidated federal income tax return ("KFSI Tax Group").    
The method of allocating federal income taxes among the companies in the KFSI Tax Group is subject to written agreement, 
approved by each company's Board of Directors.  The allocation is made primarily on a separate return basis, with current 
credit for any net operating losses or other items utilized in the consolidated federal income tax return.  The Company’s non-
U.S. subsidiaries file separate foreign income tax returns.   

Income tax benefit consists of the following: 

(in thousands)

Current income tax expense
Deferred income tax benefit
Income tax benefit

Years ended December 31
2019 

2020 

$ 

$ 

345 
(1,460) 
(1,115) 

$ 

$ 

423 
(786) 
(363) 

Income tax benefit varies from the amount that would result by applying the applicable U.S. corporate income tax rate of 21% 
to  loss  from  continuing  operations  before  income  tax  benefit.    The  following  table  summarizes  the  differences:
Years ended December 31
(in thousands)
2019
(658) 
(156) 
1 
194 
276 
208 
(218) 
135 
(145) 
(363) 

Income tax benefit at U.S. statutory income tax rate
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act adjustment
Valuation allowance
Indefinite life intangibles
Change in unrecognized tax benefits
Compensation
Investment income
State income tax 
Other
Income tax benefit for continuing operations

2020
(1,373) 
— 
(322) 
215 
244 
220 
(269) 
192 
(22) 
(1,115) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

83

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred income tax assets and liabilities are 
presented as follows:

(in thousands)

Deferred income tax assets:
Losses carried forward
Unpaid loss and loss adjustment expenses and unearned premiums
Intangible assets
Debt issuance costs
Investments
Deferred rent
Deferred revenue
Management fees

   Compensation

Other
Valuation allowance
Deferred income tax assets
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Indefinite life intangibles
Depreciation and amortization
Fair value of debt
Land
Intangible assets
Deferred revenue
Investments
Deferred acquisition costs
Deferred income tax liabilities

Net deferred income tax liabilities

2020 

184,130 
3,911 
1,705 
835 
145 
624 
1,350 
550 
265 
660 
(173,202) 
20,973 

(17,483) 
(14,632) 
(6,716) 
(4,435) 
(452) 
(1,239) 
(1,716) 
(1,855) 
(48,528) 

(27,555) 

December 31,

2019 

181,427 
2,331 
2,515 
966 
748 
664 
1,135 
— 
187 
833 
(173,411) 
17,395 

(17,269) 
(15,299) 
(5,747) 
(4,435) 
(620) 
(262) 
(971) 
(1,807) 
(46,410) 

(29,015) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

The  Company  maintains  a  valuation  allowance  for  its  gross  deferred  income  tax  assets  of  $173.2  million  (U.S.  operations  - 
$173.2  million;  Other  -  less  than  $0.1  million)  and  $173.4  million  (U.S.  operations  -  $173.4  million;  Other  -  less  than  $0.1 
million)  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  respectively.    The  Company's  businesses  have  generated  substantial 
operating losses in prior years.  These losses can be available to reduce income taxes that might otherwise be incurred on future 
taxable income; however, it is uncertain whether the Company will generate the taxable income necessary to utilize these losses 
or other reversing temporary differences.  This uncertainty has caused management to place a full valuation allowance on its 
December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  net  deferred  income  tax  assets,  excluding  the  deferred  income  tax  asset  and 
liability amounts set forth in the paragraph below.

In 2020, the Company released into income $1.3 million of its valuation allowance associated with business interest expense 
carryforwards with an indefinite life. In 2020, the Company also released into income $0.5 million of its valuation allowance, 
as a result of its acquisition of CMC, due to net deferred income tax liabilities that are expected to reverse during the period in 
which the Company will have deferred income tax assets available.  In 2019, the Company released into income $0.8 million of 
its valuation allowance, as a result of its acquisition of Geminus, due to net deferred income tax liabilities that are expected to 
reverse during the period in which the Company will have deferred income tax assets available. 

The  Company  carries  net  deferred  income  tax  liabilities  of  $27.6  million  and  $29.0  million  at  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019, respectively, that consists of:

•

•
•

$7.6  million  and  $8.0  million  of  deferred  income  tax  liabilities  that  are  scheduled  to  reverse  in  periods  after  the 
expiration of the KFSI Tax Group's consolidated U.S. net operating loss carryforwards;
$21.9 million and $21.7 million of deferred income tax liabilities related to land and indefinite life intangible assets;
$1.3 million and zero of deferred income tax assets associated with business interest expense carryforwards with an 
indefinite life;

84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

•
•

$0.6 million and $0.6 million of deferred state income tax assets; and 
Zero and $0.1 million of deferred income tax assets relating to alternative minimum tax credits. 

The  Tax  Cuts  and  Jobs  Act  (the  "Tax  Act")  modified  the  U.S.  net  operating  loss  deduction,  effective  with  respect  to  losses 
arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017.  The Tax Act, however, did not limit the utilization, in 2018 and later 
tax years, of U.S. net operating losses generated in 2017 and prior tax years.

Amounts, originating dates and expiration dates of the KFSI Tax Group's consolidated U.S. net operating loss carryforwards, 
totaling $845.5 million, are as follows:

Year of net operating loss

Expiration date

Net operating loss
(in thousands)

2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2016
2017
2020
2020

2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2036
2037
2040
Indefinite

54,652 
53,895 
496,889 
92,058 
39,865 
30,884 
30,779 
7,245 
16,006 
20,848 
341 
2,047 

In addition, not reflected in the table above, are net operating loss carryforwards of (i) $10.6 million relating to losses generated 
in  separate  U.S.  tax  return  years,  which  losses  will  expire  over  various  years  through  2037  and  (ii)  $1.5  million  relating  to 
operations in Barbados, which losses will expire over various years through 2029.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending unrecognized tax benefits, exclusive of interest and penalties, is as follows:

(in thousands)

Unrecognized tax benefits - beginning of year

Gross additions 
Gross reductions 
Impact due to expiration of statute of limitations

Unrecognized tax benefits - end of year

2020 
1,381 
— 
— 
— 
1,381 

$ 

$ 

December 31,

2019 
1,381 
— 
— 
— 
1,381 

$ 

$ 

The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 would affect the 
Company's effective tax rate, was an expense of $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

The Company carried a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $1.4 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, 
that  is  included  in  income  taxes  payable  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.    The  Company  classifies  interest  and  penalty 
accruals, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense.  During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 
December  31,  2019,  the  Company  recognized  an  expense  for  interest  and  penalties  of  $0.2  million  and  $0.3  million, 
respectively.  At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company carried an accrual for the payment of interest and 
penalties  of  $1.6  million  and  $1.3  million  respectively,  that  is  included  in  income  taxes  payable  in  the  consolidated  balance 
sheets.

The federal income tax returns of the Company's U.S. operations for the years through 2016 are closed for Internal Revenue 
Service ("IRS") examination.  The Company's federal income tax returns are not currently under examination by the IRS for 
any open tax years.  The federal income tax returns of the Company's Canadian operations for the years through 2015 are closed 

85

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

for  Canada  Revenue  Agency  ("CRA")  examination.    The  Company's  Canadian  federal  income  tax  returns  are  not  currently 
under examination by the CRA for any open tax years.

NOTE 18 LOSS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the reconciliation of numerators and denominators for the basic and diluted loss from continuing 
operations per share computation for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands, except per share data)

Numerator:

Loss from continuing operations

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests

Less: dividends on preferred stock, net of tax

Loss from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders

Denominator:

Weighted average basic shares

Weighted average common shares outstanding

Weighted average diluted shares

Weighted average common shares outstanding

Effect of potentially dilutive securities (a)

Total weighted average diluted shares

Basic loss from continuing operations per share

Diluted loss from continuing operations per share

Years ended December 31,

2020 

2019 

(5,422) 

$ 

(1,309) 

(1,066) 

(7,797) 

$ 

22,176 

22,176 

— 

22,176 

(0.35) 

(0.35) 

$ 

$ 

(2,769) 

(1,573) 

(1,019) 

(5,361) 

21,860 

21,860 

— 

21,860 

(0.25) 

(0.25) 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

(a)

Potentially  dilutive  securities  consist  of  stock  options,  unvested  restricted  stock  awards,  warrants  and  convertible  preferred  stock.    Because  the 
Company  is  reporting  a  loss  from  continuing  operations  attributable  to  common  shareholders  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019, all potentially dilutive securities outstanding were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss from continuing operations per 
share since their inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

Basic loss from continuing operations per share is calculated using weighted-average common shares outstanding.  Diluted loss 
from continuing operations per share is calculated using weighted-average diluted shares.  Weighted-average diluted shares is 
calculated by adding the effect of potentially dilutive securities to weighted-average common shares outstanding.  

The following weighted-average potentially dilutive securities are not included in the diluted loss from continuing operations 
per  share  calculations  above  because  they  would  have  had  an  antidilutive  effect  on  the  loss  from  continuing  operations  per 
share:

(in thousands)

Stock options
Unvested restricted stock awards
Warrants
Convertible preferred stock
Total

Years ended December 31,

2020 
— 
500,000 
4,923,765 
1,142,975 
6,566,740 

2019 
40,000 
729,500 
4,923,765 
1,392,975 
7,086,240 

86

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 19 STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

(a)  

Stock Options

On September 21, 2020, the Company's shareholders approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan").  The 2020 
Plan  replaced  the  Company's  previous  2013  Equity  Incentive  Plan  (the  "2013  Plan")  with  respect  to  the  granting  of  future 
equity awards.  The 2020 Plan permits the grant of Nonqualified Stock Options, Incentive Stock Options, Stock Appreciation 
Rights, Restricted Shares, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Share Awards, Dividend Equivalent Rights, Other Stock-Based 
Awards and Cash-Based Awards (collectively "Awards").  Under the 2020 Plan, an aggregate of 1.6 million common shares 
will be available for all Awards, subject to adjustment in the event of certain corporate transactions.  No Awards were granted 
during the year ended December 31, 2020.

On  May  13,  2013,  the  Company's  shareholders  approved  the  2013  Plan.  Under  the  2013  Plan,  the  Company  reserved  for 
issuance  to  key  employees  selected  by  the  Company  stock  options  ("2013  Stock  Options")  to  purchase  up  to  an  additional 
300,000 common shares.  There are no 2013 Stock Options remaining for future grants.  The 2013 Stock Options were fully 
vested and exercisable at the date of grant and were exercisable for a period of four years.

The following table summarizes the 2013 Stock Option activity during the year ended December 31, 2020:  

Number of 
Options 
Outstanding

Weighted-
Average 
Exercise Price

Weighted-
Average 
Remaining 
Contractual 
Term (in years)

Aggregate 
Intrinsic Value 
(in thousands)

Outstanding at December 31, 2019

40,000 

$ 

Granted

Expired 

Outstanding at December 31, 2020

Exercisable at December 31, 2020

— 

(40,000) 

— 

— 

$ 

$ 

4.67 

— 

4.67 

— 

— 

0.3

$ 

0.0

0.0

$ 

$ 

— 

— 

— 

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding and exercisable is the difference between the market price for the 
Company's  common  shares  and  the  exercise  price  of  the  options,  multiplied  by  the  number  of  options  where  the  fair  value 
exceeds the exercise price. 

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of each option on the date of grant.  No 
options were granted during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. 

(b)  

Restricted Stock Awards of the Company

Under  the  2013  Plan,  the  Company  made  grants  of  restricted  common  stock  awards  to  certain  officers  of  the  Company  on 
March 28, 2014 (the "2014 Restricted Stock Awards").  The 2014 Restricted Stock Awards shall become fully vested and the 
restriction period shall lapse as of March 28, 2024 subject to the officers' continued employment through the vesting date.  The 
2014 Restricted Stock Awards were amortized on a straight-line basis over the ten-year requisite service period.  The grant-date 
fair value of the 2014 Restricted Stock Awards was determined using the closing price of Kingsway common stock on the date 
of grant.  There are no 2014 Restricted Stock Awards outstanding at December 31, 2020.  

On September 5, 2018, the Company executed an Amended and Restated Restricted Stock Award Agreement ("Amended RSA 
Agreement") with its former Chief Executive Officer.  Pursuant to the terms of the Amended RSA Agreement, the Company 
granted  to  the  former  Chief  Executive  Officer  a  modified  award  of  350,000  shares  of  restricted  common  stock  (the  "2018 
Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award").    The  Company  deemed  the  2018  Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award  to  be  taxable  to  the 
former Chief Executive Officer on the modification date.  As a result, the Company cancelled 102,550 of the 350,000 shares of 
the 2018 Modified Restricted Stock Award to satisfy the tax withholding obligation.  The remaining 247,450 shares of the 2018 
Modified Restricted Stock Award shall become fully vested after the satisfaction of certain performance conditions, as defined 
in the Amended RSA Agreement.  On September 30, 2019, the Company deemed that the performance conditions described in 
the Amended RSA Agreement were met.  On October 31, 2019, the Company executed an agreement to acquire the remaining 
247,450  shares  of  the  2018  Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award  as  partial  consideration  in  exchange  for  selling  its  remaining 
investment in the common stock of ICL.  See Note 26, "Related Parties," for further discussion. 

87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company recorded $0.6 million of compensation expense equal to the fair value of the 
remaining  247,450  fully  vested  shares  of  the  2018  Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award.    The  grant-date  fair  value  of  the  2018 
Modified Restricted Stock Award was determined using the closing price of Kingsway common stock on the modification date.   

On January 31, 2019, the Company executed an Employee Separation Agreement and Release ("2019 Separation Agreement") 
with  a  former  officer.    The  Separation  Agreement  modified  the  vesting  terms  related  to  115,500  shares  of  the  original  2014 
Restricted Stock Awards ("2014 Modified Restricted Stock Award"), such that they became fully vested on January 31, 2019.  

The Company also recorded during the first quarter of 2019 $0.1 million of compensation expense equal to the fair value of the 
remaining  79,231  fully  vested  shares  of  the  2014  Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award.    The  grant-date  fair  value  of  the  2014 
Modified Restricted Stock Award was determined using the closing price of Kingsway common stock on the grant date.  

On  February  28,  2020,  the  Company  executed  an  Employment  Separation  Agreement  and  Release  ("2020  Separation 
Agreement")  with  a  former  officer.    Under  the  terms  of  the  2020  Separation  Agreement,  the  former  officer  forfeited  93,713 
shares of the 2014 Restricted Stock Awards.  The Company’s accounting policy is to account for forfeitures when they occur.   
As a result, the Company reversed during the first quarter of 2020 $0.2 million of compensation expense previously recognized 
from March 28, 2014 through February 28, 2020.  The former officer's remaining 135,787 shares of the original 2014 Restricted 
Stock Awards ("2020 Modified Restricted Stock Award") became partially vested on February 28, 2020.  

On September 5, 2018, the Company granted 500,000 restricted common stock awards to an officer (the "2018 Restricted Stock 
Award").  The 2018 Restricted Stock Award shall become fully vested and the restriction period shall lapse as of March 28, 
2024 subject to the officer's continued employment through the vesting date.  The 2018 Restricted Stock Award is amortized on 
a  straight-line  basis  over  the  requisite  service  period.    The  grant-date  fair  value  of  the  2018  Restricted  Stock  Award  was 
determined using the closing price of Kingsway common stock on the date of grant.  Total unamortized compensation expense 
related to unvested 2018 Restricted Stock Award at December 31, 2020 was $1.2 million.

The following table summarizes the activity related to unvested 2014 Restricted Stock Awards, 2020 Modified Restricted Stock 
Award and 2018 Restricted Stock Award (collectively "Restricted Stock Awards") during the year ended December 31, 2020:

Unvested at December 31, 2019

Granted

Vested

Cancelled for Tax Withholding

Forfeited

Unvested at December 31, 2020

Number of Restricted 
Stock Awards

Weighted-Average 
Grant Date Fair Value 
(per Share)

729,500 

$ 

— 

(94,110) 

(41,677) 

(93,713) 
500,000 

$ 

5.23 

— 

4.14 

4.14 

4.14 
5.73 

The unvested balance at December 31, 2020 in the table above is comprised of 500,000 shares of the 2018 Restricted Stock 
Award.

(c)  

Restricted Stock Awards of PWSC

PWSC  granted  1,000  restricted  Class  B  common  stock  awards  ("2018  PWSC  RSA")  to  an  officer  of  PWSC  pursuant  to  an 
agreement dated September 7, 2018.  The 2018 PWSC RSA contains both a service and a performance condition that affects 
vesting.  On December 18, 2020, the 2018 PWSC RSA was amended to modify the vesting terms related to the service and 
performance condition ("Modified PWSC RSA").

PWSC granted 250 restricted Class B common stock awards to an officer of PWSC pursuant to an agreement dated December 
18, 2020 ("2020 PWSC RSA").  The 2020 PWSC RSA contains both a service and a performance condition that affects vesting.  

88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The service condition for the Modified PWSC RSA and the 2020 PWSC RSA vest according to a graded vesting schedule and 
shall become fully vested on February 20, 2022 subject to the officer's continued employment through the applicable vesting 
dates.  The performance condition vests on February 20, 2022 and is based on the internal rate of return of PWSC.  The grant-
date fair value of the Modified PWSC RSA and the 2020 PWSC RSA were estimated using an internal valuation model.  See 
Note 25, "Fair Value of Financial Instruments," for further discussion related to the valuation of the Modified PWSC RSA and 
the 2020 PWSC RSA.

The Modified PWSC RSA and the 2020 PWSC RSA include a noncontingent put option that is exercisable between February 
20, 2022 and February 20, 2023.  Since the put option is exercisable less than six months after the vesting of certain shares, the 
compensation expense related to these shares is classified as a liability and included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in 
the  consolidated  balance  sheets.    The  fair  value  of  the  liability  classified  portion  of  the  Modified  PWSC  RSA  and  the  2020 
PWSC RSA will be re-evaluated each reporting period. 

Both the service condition and performance condition of the Modified PWSC RSA were probable of vesting both immediately 
before and after the modification.  As a result, the Company recognized compensation expense for the Modified PWSC RSA 
equal to the grant date fair value plus incremental fair value conveyed on the modification date.  During the fourth quarter of 
2020, the Company recorded additional compensation expense of $0.8 million related to the Modified PWSC RSA, of which 
$0.4  million  is  equity  classified  and  $0.4  million  is  liability  classified  at  December  31,  2020.    At  December  31,  2020,  there 
were 625 unvested shares of the Modified PWSC RSA with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $1,672 per share.  Total 
unamortized compensation expense related to unvested equity-classified portion of the Modified PWSC RSA at December 31, 
2020 was $0.6 million.  

At  December  31,  2020,  both  the  service  condition  and  performance  condition  of  the  2020  PWSC  RSA  were  probable  of 
vesting.  As a result, the Company recognized compensation expense for the 2020 PWSC RSA equal to the grant date fair value 
of $0.2 million during the fourth quarter of 2020, of which $0.1 million is equity classified and less than $0.1 million is liability 
classified  at  December  31,  2020.    At  December  31,  2020,  there  were  172  unvested  shares  of  the  2020  PWSC  RSA  with  a 
weighted-average  grant  date  fair  value  of  $1,672  per  share.    Total  unamortized  compensation  expense  related  to  unvested 
equity-classified portion of the 2020 PWSC RSA at December 31, 2020 was less than $0.1 million.

Total  stock-based  compensation  expense,  inclusive  of  2013  Stock  Options,  Restricted  Stock  Awards  and  Restricted  Stock 
Awards of PWSC described above, net of forfeitures, was $0.8 million and $1.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 
and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(d)  

Employee Share Purchase Plan

The Company has an employee share purchase plan ("ESPP Plan") whereby qualifying employees could choose each year to 
have  up  to  5%  of  their  annual  base  earnings  withheld  to  purchase  the  Company's  common  shares.    After  one  year  of 
employment, the Company matches 100% of the employee contribution amount, and the contributions vest immediately.  All 
contributions are used by the plan administrator to purchase common shares in the open market.  The Company's contribution is 
expensed as paid and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 totaled $0.1 million and $0.1 million, 
respectively.

NOTE 20 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

The  Company  maintains  a  defined  contribution  plan  in  the  United  States  for  all  of  its  qualified  employees.    Qualifying 
employees can choose to voluntarily contribute up to 60% of their annual earnings subject to an overall limitation of $19,500 
and $19,000 in 2020 and 2019, respectively.  The Company matches an amount equal to 50% of each participant's contribution, 
limited to the lesser of contributions up to 5% of a participant's earnings or $7,250.

The contributions for the plan vest based on years of service with 100% vesting after five years of service.  The Company's 
contribution is expensed as paid and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 totaled $0.2 million and 
$0.2 million, respectively.  All Company obligations to the plans were fully funded as of December 31, 2020.

89

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 21 REDEEMABLE CLASS A PREFERRED STOCK

On May 13, 2013, the Company's shareholders approved an amendment to the Company's Articles of Incorporation to create an 
unlimited  number  of  zero  par  value  class  A  preferred  shares.    The  Company's  Board  of  Directors  have  the  ability  to  fix  the 
designation,  rights,  privileges,  restrictions  and  conditions  attaching  to  the  shares  of  each  series  of  preferred  shares.    The 
preferred shares have priority over the common shares.

There  were  182,876  and  222,876  shares  of  Preferred  Shares  outstanding  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019, 
respectively.  Each Preferred Share is convertible into 6.25 common shares at a conversion price of $4.00 per common share 
any  time  at  the  option  of  the  holder  prior  to  April  1,  2021.    During  the  first  quarter  of  2020,  40,000  Preferred  Shares  were 
converted into 250,000 common shares at the conversion price of $4.00 per common share, or $1.0 million, at the option of the 
holder.  As of December 31, 2020, the maximum number of common shares issuable upon conversion of the Preferred Shares is 
1,142,975 common shares. 

The  Preferred  Shares  are  not  entitled  to  vote.    The  holders  of  the  Preferred  Shares  are  entitled  to  receive  fixed,  cumulative, 
preferential cash dividends at a rate of $1.25 per Preferred Share per year.  The cash dividend rate shall be revised to $1.875 per 
Preferred Share per year if the dividend accumulates for a period greater than 30 consecutive months from the date of the most 
recent  dividend  payment.    On  and  after  February  3,  2016,  the  Company  may  redeem  all  or  any  part  of  the  then  outstanding 
Preferred  Shares  for  the  price  of  $28.75  per  Preferred  Share,  plus  accrued  but  unpaid  dividends  thereon,  whether  or  not 
declared, up to and including the date specified for redemption.  The Company will redeem any Preferred Shares not previously 
converted into common shares, and which remain outstanding on April 1, 2021, for the price of  $25.00 per Preferred Share, 
plus accrued but unpaid dividends, whether or not declared, up to and including the date specified for redemption.  See also "(s) 
Holding  company  liquidity"  to  Note  2,  "Summary  of  Significant  Accounting  Policies,"  for  further  discussion  regarding  any 
April 1, 2021 redemptions.

At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, accrued dividends of $2.1 million and $2.1 million were included in Class A 
preferred stock in the consolidated balance sheets.  The redemption amount of the Preferred Shares as if they were currently 
redeemable was $6.7 million and $7.7 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

In  accordance  with  FASB  ASC  Topic  480-10-S99-3A,  SEC  Staff  Announcement:  Classification  and  Measurement  of 
Redeemable Securities, redemption features not solely within the control of the issuer are required to be presented outside of 
permanent equity on the consolidated balance sheets.  As described above, the holder has the option to convert the Preferred 
Shares at any time; however, if not converted, they are required to be redeemed on April 1, 2021.  As such, the Preferred Shares 
are  presented  in  temporary  or  mezzanine  equity  on  the  consolidated  balance  sheets  and  will  be  accreted,  using  the  interest 
method, up to the stated redemption value of $4.6 million, through additional paid-in capital as a deemed dividend, from the 
date of issuance through the April 1, 2021 redemption date.   The Company also accrues dividends through additional paid-in-
capital at the stated coupon, which the Company expects will total $2.2 million as of the April 1, 2021 redemption date.  As a 
result, the total redemption amount of the Preferred Shares as of the redemption date if the Preferred Shares are not converted is 
expected to be $6.7 million.

NOTE 22 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

The  Company  is  authorized  to  issue  50,000,000  shares  of  zero  par  value  common  stock.    There  were  22,211,069  and 
21,866,959 shares of common stock outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

There were no dividends declared during the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

As  described  in  Note  21,  "Redeemable  Class  A  Preferred  Stock",  during  2020,  40,000  Preferred  Shares  were  converted  into  
250,000 common shares.  As a result, $1.0 million was reclassified from redeemable Class A preferred stock to additional paid-
in capital on the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020.

As further described in Note 26, "Related Parties," on October 31, 2019, the Company executed an agreement to acquire the 
remaining  247,450  shares  of  the  2018  Modified  Restricted  Stock  Award  as  partial  consideration  in  exchange  for  selling  its 
remaining investment in the common stock of ICL.  The Company records treasury stock at cost.  There were 247,450 shares of 
treasury stock outstanding at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  

90

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The  Company  has  warrants  outstanding,  recorded  in  shareholders'  equity,  that  will  entitle  each  subscriber  to  purchase  one 
common  share  of  Kingsway  for  each  warrant.  The  following  table  summarizes  information  about  warrants  outstanding  at 
December 31, 2020:

Exercise Price

$ 
$ 

5.00 
5.00 

Date of Issue
16-Sep-13
3-Feb-14

Expiry Date
15-Sep-23
15-Sep-23

Total:

Remaining Contractual 
Life (in years)
2.71
2.71
2.71

December 31, 2020

Number 
Outstanding

3,280,790 
1,642,975 
4,923,765 

NOTE 23 ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 

The table below details the change in the balance of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, 
for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019  as  it  relates  to  shareholders'  equity  attributable  to  common 
shareholders on the consolidated balance sheets.  

(in thousands)

Unrealized 
Gains 
(Losses) on 
Available-
for-Sale 
Investments

Foreign 
Currency 
Translation 
Adjustments

Change in 
Fair Value 
of Debt 
Attributable 
to 
Instrument-
Specific 
Credit Risk

Equity in Other 
Comprehensive 
Loss of Limited 
Liability 
Investment

Total 
Accumulated 
Other 
Comprehensive 
Income (Loss)

Balance, December 31, 2018

$ 

(160)  $ 

(3,286)  $ 

44,259  $ 

(45)  $ 

40,768 

Other comprehensive income (loss) 
arising during the period
Amounts reclassified from accumulated 
other comprehensive income

Net current-period other comprehensive 
income (loss) 

247 

(28)   

219 

— 

— 

— 

(5,685)   

— 

(5,685)   

— 

45 

45 

Balance, December 31, 2019

$ 

59  $ 

(3,286)   

38,574  $ 

—  $ 

Other comprehensive income arising during 
the period
Amounts reclassified from accumulated 
other comprehensive income
Net current-period other comprehensive 
income 

93 

64 

157 

— 

— 

— 

2,555 

— 

2,555 

— 

— 

— 

Balance, December 31, 2020

$ 

216  $ 

(3,286)  $ 

41,129  $ 

—  $ 

(5,438) 

17 

(5,421) 

35,347 

2,648 

64 

2,712 

38,059 

91

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

It  should  be  noted  that  the  consolidated  statements  of  comprehensive  loss  present  the  components  of  other  comprehensive 
income (loss), net of tax, only for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and inclusive of the components 
attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries.

Components of accumulated other comprehensive income were reclassified to the following lines of the consolidated statements 
of operations for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

Reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive income from unrealized 
gains (losses) on available-for-sale investments to:

Net realized gains

Other-than-temporary impairment loss

Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit

Income tax benefit

Loss from continuing operations
Net loss

NOTE 24 SEGMENTED INFORMATION

Years ended December 31,

2020

2019

(64)  $ 

— 

(64) 

— 
(64) 
(64)  $ 

(17) 

— 

(17) 

— 
(17) 
(17) 

$ 

$ 

The  Company  conducts  its  business  through  the  following  two  reportable  segments:  Extended  Warranty  and  Leased  Real 
Estate. 

Extended Warranty Segment

Extended Warranty includes the following subsidiaries of the Company:  IWS, Geminus, PWI, PWSC and Trinity (collectively, 
"Extended Warranty"). 

IWS  is  a  licensed  motor  vehicle  service  agreement  company  and  is  a  provider  of  after-market  vehicle  protection  services 
distributed by credit unions in 26 states and the District of Columbia to their members.

Geminus primarily sells vehicle service agreements to used car buyers across the United States, through its subsidiaries, Penn 
and Prime. Penn and Prime distribute these products in 32 and 40 states, respectively, via independent used car dealerships and 
franchised car dealerships.

PWI markets, sells and administers vehicle service agreements to used car buyers in all fifty states via independent used car and 
franchise network of approved automobile and motorcycle dealer partners. PWI’s business model is supported by an internal 
sales and operations team and partners with American Auto Shield in three states with a "white label" agreement.

PWSC  sells  new  home  warranty  products  and  provides  administration  services  to  homebuilders  and  homeowners  across  the 
United States.  PWSC distributes its products and services through an in house sales team and through insurance brokers and 
insurance carriers throughout all states except Alaska and Louisiana.

Trinity sells HVAC, standby generator, commercial LED lighting and refrigeration warranty products and provides equipment 
breakdown and maintenance support services to companies across the United States.  As a seller of warranty products, Trinity 
markets  and  administers  product  warranty  contracts  for  certain  new  and  used  products  in  the  HVAC,  standby  generator, 
commercial LED lighting and refrigeration industries throughout the United States.  Trinity acts as an agent on behalf of the 
third-party  insurance  companies  that  underwrite  and  guaranty  these  warranty  contracts.    Trinity  does  not  guaranty  the 
performance  underlying  the  warranty  contracts  it  sells.    As  a  provider  of  equipment  breakdown  and  maintenance  support 
services,  Trinity  acts  as  a  single  point  of  contact  to  its  clients  for  both  certain  equipment  breakdowns  and  scheduled 

92

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

maintenance  of  equipment.  Trinity  will  provide  such  repair  and  breakdown  services  by  contracting  with  certain  HVAC 
providers.

Leased Real Estate Segment

Leased  Real  Estate  includes  the  Company's  subsidiary,  CMC.    CMC  owns  the  Real  Property  that  is  leased  to  a  third-party 
pursuant  to  a  long-term  triple  net  lease  with  a  single  customer.    For  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020,  revenue  of  $13.4 
millionfrom this single customer represents more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues. The Real Property is also 
subject to the Mortgage.  When assessing and measuring the operational and financial performance of the Leased Real Estate 
segment, interest expense related to the Mortgage is included in Leased Real Estate's segment operating income. 

Revenues and Operating Income by Reportable Segment

Results  for  the  Company's  reportable  segments  are  based  on  the  Company's  internal  financial  reporting  systems  and  are 
consistent  with  those  followed  in  the  preparation  of  the  consolidated  financial  statements.    The  following  tables  provide 
financial data used by management.  Segment assets are not allocated for management use and, therefore, are not included in 
the segment disclosures below.

Revenues  by  reportable  segment  reconciled  to  consolidated  revenues  for  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December 31, 2019 were:

(in thousands)

Revenues:

Extended Warranty:

Years ended December 31,
2019
2020

Service fee and commission revenue

$ 

47,607 

$ 

Other revenue

Total Extended Warranty

Leased Real Estate:

Rental revenue

Other revenue

Total Leased Real Estate

Total revenues

146 

47,753 

13,365 

244 

13,609 

$ 

61,362 

$ 

46,111 

195 

46,306 

13,365 

277 

13,642 

59,948 

93

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The operating income (loss) by reportable segment in the following table is before income taxes and includes revenues and 
direct segment costs.  Total segment operating income reconciled to the consolidated loss from continuing operations for the 
years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 were:

(in thousands)

Segment operating income (loss)

Extended Warranty

Leased Real Estate

Total segment operating income

Net investment income

Net realized gains 

Gain on change in fair value of equity investments

Gain on change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value

Net change in unrealized loss on private company investments
Other-than-temporary impairment loss

Interest expense not allocated to segments

Other revenue and expenses not allocated to segments, net

Amortization of intangible assets

Gain on change in fair value of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt, net

Equity in net income of investee

Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit

Income tax benefit

Loss from continuing operations

NOTE 25 FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Years ended December 31,
2019
2020

$ 

6,221 

$ 

(504) 

5,717 

2,625 

580 

1,267 

4,046 

(744) 
(117) 

(7,719) 

(10,606) 

(2,291) 

1,173 

(468) 

— 

(6,537) 

(1,115) 

$ 

(5,422)  $ 

4,611 

2,761 

7,372 

2,905 

796 

561 

4,475 

(324) 
(75) 

(8,991) 

(8,524) 

(2,548) 

1,052 

— 

169 

(3,132) 

(363) 

(2,769) 

Fair  value  is  the  price  that  would  be  received  upon  sale  of  an  asset  or  paid  to  transfer  a  liability  in  an  orderly  transaction 
between market participants at the measurement date.  Fair value is best evidenced by quoted bid or ask price, as appropriate, in 
an active market.  Where bid or ask prices are not available, such as in an illiquid or inactive market, the closing price of the 
most recent transaction of that instrument subject to appropriate adjustments as required is used.  Where quoted market prices 
are not available, the quoted prices of similar financial instruments or valuation models with observable market-based inputs are 
used  to  estimate  the  fair  value.    These  valuation  models  may  use  multiple  observable  market  inputs,  including  observable 
interest  rates,  foreign  exchange  rates,  index  levels,  credit  spreads,  equity  prices,  counterparty  credit  quality,  corresponding 
market  volatility  levels  and  option  volatilities.    Minimal  management  judgment  is  required  for  fair  values  calculated  using 
quoted  market  prices  or  observable  market  inputs  for  models.    Greater  subjectivity  is  required  when  making  valuation 
adjustments  for  financial  instruments  in  inactive  markets  or  when  using  models  where  observable  parameters  do  not  exist.  
Also, the calculation of estimated fair value is based on market conditions at a specific point in time and may not be reflective 
of future fair values.  For the Company's financial instruments carried at cost or amortized cost, the book value is not adjusted 
to reflect increases or decreases in fair value due to market fluctuations, including those due to interest rate changes, as it is the 
Company's intention to hold them until there is a recovery of fair value, which may be to maturity.

The Company employs a fair value hierarchy to categorize the inputs it uses in valuation techniques to measure the fair value. 
The following fair value hierarchy is used in selecting inputs, with the highest priority given to Level 1:

•
•

•

Level 1 – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in 
markets  that  are  not  active;  and  model-derived  valuations  in  which  all  significant  inputs  are  observable  in  active 
markets.
Level 3 – Valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are not observable.

94

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company classifies its investments in fixed maturities as available-for-sale and reports these investments at fair value.  The 
Company's equity investments, limited liability investments, at fair value, real estate investments, subordinated debt, warrant 
liability and stock-based compensation liabilities are measured and reported at fair value.

Fixed maturities - Fair values of fixed maturities for which no active market exists are derived from quoted market prices of 
similar  instruments  or  other  third-party  evidence.    All  classes  of  the  Company’s  fixed  maturities,  primarily  consisting  of 
investments  in  US.  Treasury  bills  and  government  bonds;  obligations  of  states,  municipalities  and  political  subdivisions; 
mortgage-backed  securities;  and  corporate  securities,  are  classified  as  Level  2.    Level  2  is  applied  to  valuations  based  upon 
quoted prices for similar assets in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets in markets that are inactive; or 
valuations based on models where the significant inputs are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

The Company engages a third-party vendor who utilizes third-party pricing sources and primarily employs a market approach 
to determine the fair values of our fixed maturities.  The market approach includes primarily obtaining prices from independent 
third-party  pricing  services  as  well  as,  to  a  lesser  extent,  quotes  from  broker-dealers.    Our  third-party  vendor  also  monitors 
market indicators, as well as industry and economic events, to ensure pricing is appropriate.  All classes of our fixed maturities 
are  valued  using  this  technique.    The  Company  has  obtained  an  understanding  of  our  third-party  vendor’s  valuation 
methodologies and inputs.  Fair values obtained from our third-party vendor are not adjusted by the Company. 

The following is a description of the significant inputs, by asset class, used by the third-party pricing services to determine the 
fair values of our fixed maturities included in Level 2:

•

•

U.S.  government,  government  agencies  and  authorities  are  generally  priced  using  the  market  approach.    Inputs 
generally consist of trades of identical or similar securities, quoted prices in inactive markets and maturity.

States,  municipalities  and  political  subdivisions  are  generally  priced  using  the  market  approach.    Inputs  generally 
consist of trades of identical or similar securities, quoted prices in inactive markets, new issuances and credit spreads.

• Mortgage-backed  securities  are  generally  priced  using  the  market  approach.    Inputs  generally  consist  of  trades  of 
identical or similar securities, quoted prices in inactive markets, expected prepayments, expected credit default rates, 
delinquencies and issue specific information including, but not limited to, collateral type, seniority and vintage.

•

Corporate securities are generally priced using the market approach using pricing vendors.  Inputs generally consist of 
trades of identical or similar securities, quoted prices in inactive markets, issuer rating, benchmark yields, maturity and 
credit spreads.

Equity  investments  -  Fair  values  of  equity  investments,  including  warrants,  reflect  quoted  market  values  based  on  latest  bid 
prices, where active markets exist, or models based on significant market observable inputs, where no active markets exist. 

Limited liability investments, at fair value - Limited liability investments, at fair value include the underlying investments of 
Net Lease and Argo Holdings.  Net Lease owns investments in limited liability companies that hold investment properties. Argo 
Holdings makes investments in limited liability companies and limited partnerships that hold investments in search funds and 
private operating companies.

•

•

The  fair  value  of  Net  Lease's  investments  in  limited  liability  companies  is  based  upon  the  net  asset  values  of  the 
underlying  investments  in  companies  as  a  practical  expedient  to  estimate  fair  value.    The  Company  applies  the  net 
asset value practical expedient to Net Lease's limited liability investments on an investment-by-investment basis unless 
it is probable that the Company will sell a portion of an investment at an amount different from the net asset value of 
the  investment.    Investments  that  are  measured  at  fair  value  using  the  net  asset  value  practical  expedient  are  not 
required to be classified using the fair value hierarchy.

The  fair  value  of  Argo  Holdings'  limited  liability  investments  that  hold  investments  in  search  funds  is  based  on  the 
initial  investment  in  the  search  funds.    The  fair  value  of  Argo  Holdings'  limited  liability  investments  that  hold 
investments in private operating companies is valued using a market approach including valuation multiples applied to 
corresponding performance metrics, such as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization; revenue; or 
net earnings.  The selected valuation multiples were estimated using multiples provided by the investees and review of 
those multiples in light of investor updates, performance reports, financial statements and other relevant information.  
These investments are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

95

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Real estate investments - The fair value of real estate investments involves a combination of the market and income valuation 
techniques.  Under this approach, a market-based capitalization rate is derived from comparable transactions, adjusted for any 
unique characteristics of each asset, and applied to the asset under consideration.  The cap rates used during underwriting and 
subsequent valuation incorporate the consideration of risks of vacancy and collection loss, administrative costs of owning net 
leased assets and possible capital expenditures that could be determined a landlord expense. These investments are categorized 
in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Subordinated debt - The fair value of the subordinated debt is calculated using a model based on significant market observable 
inputs and inputs developed by a third-party.  These inputs include credit spread assumptions developed by a third-party and 
market observable swap rates.  The subordinated debt is categorized in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Warrant liability - As described in Note 14, "Debt," the Company issued the KWH Warrants on March 1, 2019.  On December 
1, 2020, the Company repurchased the KWH Warrants.  The KWH Warrants are measured and reported at fair value and are 
included in accrued expenses and other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2019.  The fair value of 
the warrant liability was estimated using an internal model without relevant observable market inputs. The significant inputs 
used in the model include an enterprise value multiple applied to earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization.  
The implied enterprise value is reduced by the remaining debt associated with the 2019 KWH Loan to determine an implied 
equity value.  The liability classified warrants are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Stock-based  compensation  liabilities  -  As  described  in  Note  19,  "Stock-Based  Compensation,"  certain  of  the  restricted  stock 
awards granted by PWSC are classified as a liability.  Liability-classified awards are measured and reported at fair value and are 
included  in  accrued  expenses  and  other  liabilities  in  the  consolidated  balance  sheets.    The  fair  value  of  the  restricted  stock 
awards  granted  by  PWSC  are  estimated  using  an  internal  valuation  model  without  relevant  observable  market  inputs.    The 
significant inputs used in the model include a valuation multiple applied to trailing twelve month earnings before interest, tax, 
depreciation and amortization.  Liability-classified restricted stock awards are categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

96

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The balances of the Company's financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair 
value hierarchy as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 are as follows.  Certain investments in limited liability 
companies that are measured at fair value using the net asset value practical expedient are not required to be classified using the 
fair value hierarchy, but are presented in the following tables to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the amounts 
presented in the consolidated balance sheets:

(in thousands)

Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting Period Using

December 31, 2020

Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
Markets for 
Identical 
Assets 
(Level 1)

Total

Significant 
Other 
Observable 

Significant 
Unobservable 

Inputs      

(Level 2)

Inputs     

(Level 3)

Measured at 
Net Asset 
Value

Recurring fair value measurements

Assets:

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies and 
authorities
States, municipalities and political 
subdivisions
Mortgage-backed
Corporate
Total fixed maturities

Equity investments:
Common stock
Warrants
Total equity investments

Limited liability investments, at fair value
Real estate investments
Other investments

Short-term investments
Total assets

Liabilities:

Subordinated debt

Warrant liability

Stock-based compensation liabilities

$ 

10,104  $ 

— 

$ 

10,104  $ 

—  $ 

1,454 
5,394 
3,764 
20,716 

155 
289 
444 
32,811 
10,662 
294 

157 
65,084  $ 

$ 

$ 

50,928  $ 

— 

443 

— 
— 
— 
— 

155 
17 
172 
— 
— 
— 

— 
172 

— 

— 

— 

— 

1,454 
5,394 
3,764 
20,716 

— 
272 
272 
— 
— 
294 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
3,263 
10,662 
— 

157 
21,439  $ 

$ 

— 
13,925  $ 

$ 

50,928  $ 

—  $ 

— 

— 

— 

443 

$ 

50,928  $ 

443  $ 

— 

— 
— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
— 
29,548 
— 
— 

— 
29,548 

— 

— 

— 

— 

Total liabilities

$ 

51,371  $ 

97

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Fair Value Measurements at the End of the Reporting 
Period Using

December 31, 2019

Quoted 
Prices in 
Active 
Markets for 
Identical 
Assets 
(Level 1)

Total

Significant 
Other 
Observable 

Significant 
Unobservable 

Inputs      

(Level 2)

Inputs     

(Level 3)

Measured 
at Net 
Asset 
Value

Recurring fair value measurements

Assets:

Fixed maturities:

U.S. government, government agencies and 
authorities
States, municipalities and political 
subdivisions

Mortgage-backed

Corporate

Total fixed maturities

Equity investments:

        Common stock

        Warrants

        Total equity investments

Limited liability investments, at fair value

Real estate investments

Other investments

Short-term investments

Total assets

Liabilities:

Subordinated debt
Warranty liability

Total liabilities

$ 

13,316  $ 

— 

$ 

13,316 

$ 

—  $ 

600 

2,939 

5,340 

22,195 

2,406 

15 

2,421 

29,078 

10,662 

1,009 

155 

— 

— 

— 

— 

2,406 

5 

2,411 

— 

— 

— 

— 

600 

2,939 

5,340 

22,195 

— 

10 

10 

— 

— 

1,009 

155 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

— 

4,392 

10,662 

— 

— 

24,686 

— 

— 

— 

$ 

65,520  $ 

2,411 

$ 

23,369 

$ 

15,054  $ 

24,686 

$ 

$ 

54,655  $ 
249 
54,904  $ 

— 
— 
— 

$ 

$ 

54,655 
— 
54,655 

$ 

$ 

—  $ 
249 
249  $ 

— 
— 
— 

98

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table provides a reconciliation of the fair value of recurring Level 3 fair value measurements for the years ended 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)

Assets:

Limited liability investments, at fair value:

Beginning balance

Purchases

Distributions received

Realized gains included in net loss

Change in fair value of limited liability investments, at fair value included in 
net loss

Ending balance

Unrealized losses on limited liability investments, at fair value held at end of 
period:

Included in net loss

Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

Real estate investments:

Beginning balance

Change in fair value of real estate investments included in net loss

Ending balance

Unrealized gains recognized on real estate investments held at end of period:

Included in net loss

Included in other comprehensive income (loss) 

Ending balance - assets

Liabilities:

Warrant liability:

Beginning balance

Issuance of warrants

Termination of warrants

Change in fair value of warrant liability included in net loss

Ending balance 

Unrealized losses (gains) recognized on warrant liability held at end of period:

Included in net loss
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

Stock-based compensation liabilities:

Beginning balance

Issuance of stock-based compensation  awards
Change in fair value of stock-based compensation liabilities included in net 
loss

Ending balance
Unrealized gains recognized on stock-based compensation liabilities held at end 
of period:

Included in net loss
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)

Ending balance - liabilities

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

99

Years ended December 31,

2020 

2019 

4,392 

$ 

21 

(808) 

474 

(816) 

3,263 

$ 

(816)  $ 

— 

$ 

10,662 

$ 

— 

10,662 

$ 

— 

— 

13,925 

$ 

249 

$ 

— 

(336) 

87 

— 

87 
— 

— 
443 

— 
443 

— 
— 
443 

$ 

$ 
$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,124 

1,403 

(1,284) 

825 

(676) 

4,392 

(676) 

— 

10,662 

— 

10,662 

— 

— 

15,054 

— 

361 

— 

(112) 

249 

(112) 
— 

— 
— 

— 
— 

— 
— 
249 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs utilized in determining fair values 
for the Company's investments that are categorized as Level 3 at December 31, 2020:

Categories

Fair Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Inputs

Input Value(s)

Limited liability investments, 
at fair value

Real estate investments
Stock-based compensation 
liabilities

$ 

$ 

$ 

3,263  Market approach

Valuation multiples

3.1x-8.0x

10,662  Market and income approach

Cap rates

443  Market approach

Valuation multiple

 7.5 %

6.0x

The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs utilized in determining fair values 
for the Company's investments that are categorized as Level 3 at December 31, 2019:

Categories

Fair Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Inputs

Input Value(s)

Limited liability investments, 
at fair value

Real estate investments

Warranty liability

$ 

$ 

$ 

4,392  Market approach

Valuation multiples

3.1x-7.0x

10,662  Market and income approach

Cap rates

249  Market approach

Valuation multiple

 7.5 %

6.0x

Investments Measured Using the Net Asset Value per Share Practical Expedient

The  following  table  summarizes  investments  for  which  fair  value  is  measured  using  the  net  asset  value  per  share  practical 
expedient at December 31, 2020:

Category

Fair Value (in 
thousands)

Unfunded Commitments

Redemption Frequency

Redemption 
Notice Period

Limited liability investments, 
at fair value

$ 

29,548 

n/a

n/a

n/a

The  following  table  summarizes  investments  for  which  fair  value  is  measured  using  the  net  asset  value  per  share  practical 
expedient at December 31, 2019:

Category

Fair Value (in 
thousands)

Unfunded Commitments

Redemption Frequency

Redemption 
Notice Period

Limited liability investments, 
at fair value

$ 

24,686 

n/a

n/a

n/a

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including assets that are adjusted for observable 
price  changes  or  written  down  to  fair  value  as  a  result  of  an  impairment.    For  the  years  ended  December  31,  2020  and 
December  31,  2019,  the  Company  recorded  adjustments  to  decrease  the  fair  value  of  an  certain  investments  in  private 
companies for observable price changes of zero and $0.2 million, respectively, which are included in net change in unrealized 
loss on private company investments in the consolidated statements of operations.  The Company recorded impairments related 
to investments in private companies of $0.7 million and $0.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2020 and December 31, 
2019,  respectively,  which  are  included  in  net  change  in  unrealized  loss  on  private  company  investments  in  the  consolidated 
statements  of  operations.    The  impairments  recorded  for  the  year  ended  December  31,  2020  are  a  result  of  the  impact  of 
COVID-19 on the investments' underlying business.  To determine the fair value of investments in these private companies, the 
Company  considered  rounds  of  financing  and  third-party  transactions,  discounted  cash  flow  analyses  and  market-based 
information,  including  comparable  transactions,  trading  multiples  and  changes  in  market  outlook,  among  other  factors.    The 
Company has classified the fair value measurements of these investments in private companies as Level 3 because they involve 
significant unobservable inputs. 

As  further  discussed  in  Note  4,  "Acquisitions,"  the  Company  acquired  Geminus  on  March  1,  2019.    The  fair  values  of 
intangible assets and deferred service fees associated with the acquisition of Geminus were determined to be Level 3 under the 
fair value hierarchy.  

100

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The following table summarizes the valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs utilized in determining fair values 
for these Level 3 measurements:

Categories

Fair Value

Valuation Techniques

Unobservable Inputs

Input Value(s)

Customer relationships

$ 

3,732  Multi-period excess earnings

Growth rate

Trade names

Deferred service fees - 
Penn

Deferred service fees - 
Prime

$ 

$ 

$ 

1,974  Relief from royalty

8,734  Bottom-up

1,830  Bottom-up

Attrition rate

Discount rate

Royalty rate

Discount rate

Normal profit margin

Total direct costs

Discount rate

Normal profit margin

Total direct costs

Discount rate

 3.0 %

 20.0 %

 13.0 %

0.25% - 2.0%

 13.0 %

 15.5 %

 70.3 %

 5.0 %

 8.5 %

 69.8 %

 5.0 %

NOTE 26 RELATED PARTIES

Related party transactions, including services provided to or received by the Company's subsidiaries, are measured in part by 
the  amount  of  consideration  paid  or  received  as  established  and  agreed  by  the  parties.    Except  where  disclosed  elsewhere  in 
these consolidated financial statements, the following is a summary of related party relationships and transactions. 

(a)

Argo Management Group, LLC

The Company acquired Argo Management in April 2016.  Argo Management's primary business is to act as Managing Member 
of Argo Holdings.  At December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, each of the Company, John T. Fitzgerald ("Fitzgerald"), the 
Company's Chief Executive Officer and President, and certain of Fitzgerald’s immediate family members owns equity interests 
in Argo Holdings, all of which interests were acquired prior to the Company’s acquisition of Argo Management.  Subject to 
certain limitations, Argo Holdings' governing documents require all individuals and entities owning an equity interest in Argo 
Holdings  to  fund  upon  request  his/her/its  pro  rata  share  of  any  funding  requirements  of  Argo  Holdings  up  to  an  aggregate 
maximum amount equal to his/her/its total capital commitment (each request for funds being referred to as a "Capital Call").  
During  2019,  the  Company  funded  approximately  $0.6  million  in  response  to  Capital  Calls.    During  2019,  Fitzgerald  and 
Fitzgerald’s immediate family members funded their respective Capital Calls.  Argo Holdings used the proceeds of the Capital 
Calls to make investments, cover general operating expenses and pay the management fee owed to Argo Management.  Argo 
Holdings made no Capital Calls during the year ended December 31, 2020.

(b)

Itasca Capital Ltd.

The  Company  formerly  held  an  investment  in  the  common  stock  of  ICL,  a  publicly  traded  Canadian  corporation,  that  was 
recorded as investment in investee in the consolidated balance sheets.  During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company sold its 
remaining investment in the common stock of ICL. The Company owned zero common shares of ICL at December 31, 2020 
and December 31, 2019.

Fitzgerald served as a member of the ICL Board of Directors from June 9, 2016 through December 11, 2019.  Fitzgerald joined 
the  Company  as  an  Executive  Vice  President  in  April  2016  following  the  Company’s  acquisition  of  Argo.    Fitzgerald  has 
served  as  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  since  September  5,  2018  and  has  served  on  the  Company’s  Board  of 
Directors since April 21, 2016.

On October 9, 2019, the Company executed an agreement to sell 1,974,113 shares of ICL common stock, at a price of C$0.35 
per share, to a third party for cash proceeds totaling C$0.7 million.  On October 31, 2019, the Company executed an agreement 
to sell 3,011,447 shares of ICL common stock, at a price of C$0.35 per share, to Larry G. Swets, Jr. ("Swets") for consideration 

101

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

totaling  C$1.1  million,  comprised  of  cash  proceeds  of  C$0.2  million  and  247,450  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock.  
Both transactions closed during the fourth quarter of 2019.  

The  247,450  shares  of  the  Company’s  common  stock  were  awarded  to  Swets  pursuant  to  the  Amended  RSA  Agreement 
executed  on  September  5,  2018  related  to  Swets’  departure  from  the  Company.    Refer  to  Note  19,  "Stock-Based 
Compensation," for further information.  

Swets  served  as  the  Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  from  July  1,  2010  until  September  5,  2018  and  served  on  the 
Company’s Board of Directors from September 16, 2013 through December 21, 2018.

(c)

Limited liability investments

The  Company’s  investments  include  investments  in  limited  liability  companies  in  which  an  officer  or  former  officer  of  the 
Company is named as a Manager or is authorized to act on behalf of the Manager under the respective operating agreement.

1347 Investors LLC:

1347  Investors  was  formed  on  April  15,  2014  for  the  purpose  of  investing  in  and  holding  securities  of  1347  Capital  Corp., 
which subsequently merged with Limbach, a publicly traded company.  The Company owned zero of the membership units at 
December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.  The Company's investment in 1347 Investors prior to liquidation in the fourth 
quarter of 2019 was accounted for at fair value and reported as limited liability investments, at fair value in the consolidated 
balance sheets, with any changes in fair value to be reported in gain on change in fair value of limited liability investment, at 
fair value in the consolidated statements of operations.  The fair value of this investment was calculated based on a model that 
distributed the net equity of 1347 Investors to all classes of membership interests.  The model used quoted market prices and 
significant  market  observable  inputs.    The  most  significant  input  to  the  model  was  the  observed  stock  price  of  Limbach 
common stock.

ICL owned 100.0% of the membership units at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 and Fitzgerald served as a member 
of the ICL Board of Directors from June 9, 2016 through December 11, 2019.

Pursuant to a Distribution and Redemption Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2019, by and among 1347 Investors and its 
members,  the  Company  received  distributions  on  November  19,  2019  of  cash  proceeds  of  $0.6  million,  594,750  shares  of 
Limbach common stock and 400,000 warrants, exercisable at $15 and expiring July 20, 2023, on Limbach common shares.  As 
a result of this distribution, the Company no longer owns membership units in 1347 Investors.

NOTE 27 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

(a)         Legal proceedings:

In  April  2018,  TRT  LeaseCo,  LLC  ("TRT  LeaseCo"),  an  indirect  subsidiary  of  Kingsway,  was  named  as  a  defendant  in  a 
lawsuit  filed  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  the  Southern  District  of  New  York  relating  to  CMC  and  its  subsidiaries.  
Kingsway indirectly, through its indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary, CMC Acquisition, LLC ("CMCA"), owns 81% of CMC.  
TRT LeaseCo (an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of CMC) entered into a Management Services Agreement (the "MSA") 
with DGI-BNSF Corp. ("DGI") (an affiliate of CRIC TRT Acquisition, LLC ("CRIC"), the entity that owns the remaining 19% 
of CMC) in July 2016 pursuant to which, among other things, DGI agreed to provide services to TRT LeaseCo in exchange for 
the fees specified in the MSA.  The complaint filed by DGI alleged that DGI was owed certain fees under the MSA that had not 
been paid.

In March 2021, DGI, TRT LeaseCo and various other entities affiliated with each of them entered into a settlement agreement 
with  respect  to  such  litigation  and  certain  other  matters  ("CMC  Settlement  Agreement").    Pursuant  to  the  CMC  Settlement 
Agreement,  the  parties  agreed  that  proceeds  from  increased  rental  payments  due  to  an  earlier  amendment  to  the  lease  of  the 
Real  Property  (or  any  borrowings  against  such  increased  rental  payments)  would  be  split  80%  to  DGI  as  a  management  fee 
under the MSA and 20% to CMCA as a priority distribution on its ownership of CMC, after CMCA received a priority payment 
of $1.5 million. The parties also agreed that net proceeds from an eventual sale or renewal of the lease of the Real Property 
(after repayment of outstanding indebtedness and various other fees and expenses) would be split as follows:

(a) if such net proceeds are equal to or greater than $72 million, (i) CMCA would receive the first $40 million as a 
distribution  of  a  preferred  return  on  its  ownership  of  CMC,  (ii)  CRIC  would  receive  the  next  $9.4  million  as  a 
distribution on its ownership of CMC, (iii) DGI would receive the next $30.6 million as a management fee under the 
MSA, and (iv) the remainder of such net proceeds (if any) would be split 48.6% to CMCA as a distribution in respect 

102

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

of  its  ownership  of  CMC,  40%  to  DGI  in  the  form  of  a  management  fee  under  the  MSA,  and  11.4%  to  CRIC  s  a 
distributions in respect of its ownership of CMC; or

(b)  if  such  net  proceeds  are  less  than  $72  million,  (i)  55%  to  CMCA  as  a  distribution  of  a  preferred  return  on  its 
ownership of CMC, (ii) 12.9% to CRIC as a distribution on its ownership of CMC, and (iii) 32.1% to DGI in the form 
of  a  management  fee  to  DGI  under  the  MSA.    In  connection  with  the  CMC  Settlement  Agreement,  the  Company 
recorded a liability of $2.6 million for the 80% management fee due to DGI at December 31, 2020, which is included 
in  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  its  consolidated  statement  of  operations  for  the  year  ended  December  31, 
2020.  

In  May  2016,  Aegis  Security  Insurance  Company  ("Aegis")  filed  a  complaint  for  breach  of  contract  and  declaratory  relief 
against  the  Company  in  the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania  alleging,  among  other  things,  that  the  Company  breached  a 
contractual  obligation  to  indemnify  Aegis  for  certain  customs  bond  losses  incurred  by  Aegis  under  the  indemnity  and  hold 
harmless  agreements  provided  by  the  Company  to  Aegis  for  certain  customs  bonds  reinsured  by  Lincoln  General  Insurance 
Company  ("Lincoln  General")  during  the  period  of  time  that  Lincoln  General  was  a  subsidiary  of  the  Company.    Lincoln 
General  was  placed  into  liquidation  in  November  2015  and  Aegis  subsequently  invoked  its  rights  to  indemnity  under  the 
indemnity  and  hold  harmless  agreements.  Effective  January  20,  2020,  Aegis  and  the  Company  entered  into  a  Settlement 
Agreement with respect to such litigation pursuant to which the Company agreed to pay Aegis a one-time settlement amount of 
$0.9 million, and to reimburse Aegis for 60% of future losses that Aegis may sustain in connection with such customs bonds, up 
to  a  maximum  reimbursement  amount  of  $4.8  million.    During  the  third  and  fourth  quarters  of  2020,  the  Company  made 
reimbursement payments to Aegis of $0.5 million in connection with the Settlement Agreement.  The Company reported the 
payments  to  Aegis  in  general  and  administrative  expenses  in  its  consolidated  statement  of  operations  for  the  year  ended 
December  31,  2020.    The  Company’s  potential  exposure  under  these  agreements  was  not  reasonably  determinable  at 
December 31, 2020, and no liability has been recorded in the consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2020.

(b)         Guarantee:

As  further  discussed  in  Note  5,  "Discontinued  Operations,"  as  part  of  the  transaction  to  sell  Mendota,  the  Company  will 
indemnify the buyer for loss and loss adjustment expenses with respect to open claims in excess of Mendota's carried unpaid 
loss and loss adjustment expenses at June 30, 2018 related to the open claims.  The Company's potential exposure under these 
agreements  was  not  reasonably  determinable  at  December  31,  2020,  and  no  liability  has  been  recorded  in  the  consolidated 
financial statements at December 31, 2020.

(c) 

Commitments:

The  Company  has  entered  into  subscription  agreements  to  commit  up  to  $2.6  million  of  capital  to  allow  for  participation  in 
limited liability investments.  At December 31, 2020, the unfunded commitment was zero.

(d)         Collateral pledged and restricted cash:

Short-term investments with an estimated fair value of $0.2 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were on 
deposit with state regulatory authorities.

The  Company  also  has  restricted  cash  of  $30.6  million  and  $12.2  million  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019, 
respectively.  Included in restricted cash are:

•

•

•

•

zero  and  $1.1  million  at  December  31,  2020  and  December  31,  2019,  respectively,  held  in  escrow  as  part  of  the 
transaction to sell Mendota;

$27.7 million and $8.6 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, held as deposits by IWS, 
PWSC, Geminus and PWI;

$1.9 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, on deposit with state  regulatory authorities; and

$1.0 million and $0.6 million at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, pledged to third-parties as 
deposits or to collateralize liabilities.  Collateral pledging transactions are conducted under terms that are common and 
customary to standard collateral pledging and are subject to the Company's standard risk management controls.

103

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NOTE 28 REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS AND RATIOS

In  the  United  States,  a  risk-based  capital  ("RBC")  formula  is  used  by  the  National  Association  of  Insurance  Commissioners 
("NAIC") to identify property and casualty insurance companies that may not be adequately capitalized.  In general, insurers 
reporting surplus as regards policyholders below 200% of the authorized control level, as defined by the NAIC, at December 31 
are subject to varying levels of regulatory action, including discontinuation of operations.  As of December 31, 2020, surplus as 
regards policyholders reported by Amigo exceeded the 200% threshold.

During  the  fourth  quarter  of  2012,  the  Company  began  taking  steps  to  place  all  of  Amigo  into  voluntary  run-off.    As  of 
December 31, 2012, Amigo’s RBC was 157%.  In April 2013, Kingsway filed a comprehensive run-off plan with the Florida 
Office of Insurance Regulation, which outlines plans for Amigo's run-off.  Amigo remains in compliance with that plan.  As of 
December 31, 2020, Amigo's RBC was 1,045%.

Kingsway Re, which is domiciled in Barbados, is required by the regulator in Barbados to maintain minimum capital levels.  As 
of  December  31,  2020,  the  capital  maintained  by  Kingsway  Re  was  in  excess  of  the  regulatory  capital  requirements  in 
Barbados.

NOTE 29 STATUTORY INFORMATION AND POLICIES

The  Company's  insurance  subsidiary,  Amigo,  prepares  statutory  basis  financial  statements  in  accordance  with  accounting 
practices  prescribed  or  permitted  by  the  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation.  "Prescribed"  statutory  accounting  practices 
include state laws, regulations and general administrative rules, as well as a variety of publications of the NAIC. "Permitted" 
statutory accounting practices encompass all accounting practices that are not prescribed.  Such practices may differ from state 
to state; may differ from company to company within a state; and may change in the future.  

Amigo is required to report results of operations and financial position to insurance regulatory authorities based upon statutory 
accounting practices.  In converting from statutory to U.S. GAAP, typical adjustments include the inclusion of statutory non-
admitted assets in the balance sheets and the inclusion of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities in net loss.

Statutory capital and surplus and statutory net loss for Amigo are:

(in thousands)

Net loss, statutory basis

Capital and surplus, statutory basis

2020 

(138) 

1,987 

$ 

$ 

December 31,

2019 

(536) 

2,143 

$ 

$ 

Amigo is required to hold minimum levels of statutory capital and surplus to satisfy regulatory requirements. The minimum 
statutory capital and surplus, or company action level RBC, necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements for Amigo was $0.4 
million at December 31, 2020.  Company action level RBC is the level at which an insurance company is required to file a 
corrective action plan with its regulators and is equal to 200% of the authorized control level RBC.
Dividends  paid  by  Amigo  are  restricted  by  regulatory  requirements  of  the  Florida  Office  of  Insurance  Regulation.    The 
maximum  amount  of  dividends  that  can  be  paid  to  shareholders  by  insurance  companies  domiciled  in  the  state  of  Florida 
without prior regulatory approval is generally limited to the greater of (i) 10% of a company's statutory capital and surplus at 
the end of the previous year or (ii) 100% of the company's net income for the previous year and is generally required to be paid 
out of an insurance company's unassigned funds.

At December 31, 2020, Amigo was restricted from making any dividend payments to the holding company without regulatory 
approval.  

104

 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has conducted 
an  evaluation  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  Company’s  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  (as  defined  in  Rule  13a-15(e)  and 
15d-15(e)  under  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  as  amended  (the  "Exchange  Act")  as  of  December  31,  2020.    The 
Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports 
the Company files under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified 
in  the  SEC’s  rules  and  forms  and  that  such  information  is  accumulated  and  communicated  to  the  Company’s  management, 
including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow for timely decisions regarding required 
disclosures.  In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, the Company’s management recognizes that 
disclosure  controls  and  procedures,  no  matter  how  well  conceived  and  operated,  can  provide  only  reasonable,  not  absolute, 
assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met.  Our disclosure controls and procedures have 
been  designed  to  meet  reasonable  assurance  standards.      In  addition,  the  design  of  disclosure  controls  and  procedures  must 
reflect the fact that there are resource constraints that require the Company’s management to apply its judgment in evaluating 
the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.  The design of any disclosure controls and procedures 
also  is  based  in  part  upon  certain  assumptions  about  the  likelihood  of  future  events,  and  there  can  be  no  assurance  that  any 
design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

Based  on  this  evaluation,  the  Company's  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer  have  concluded  that,  as  of 
December 31, 2020, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as a result of unremediated material 
weaknesses  in  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting  that  were  discovered  during  the  course  of  the  2018 
external audit of the accounts, relating to the accounting for and disclosure of certain complex and nonrecurring transactions; 
the accounting for and disclosure of certain other items; monitoring the collectability of accounts receivable balances; other-
than-temporary  impairment  on  equity  method  investments;  and  certain  account  reconciliations;  as  well  as  the  result  of  a 
material weakness in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that was discovered during the course of the 2019 
external audit of the accounts, relating to the accounting for certain investments at fair value (collectively, "Identified Material 
Weaknesses").  Not  all  material  weaknesses  necessarily  present  the  same  risks  from  period  to  period  as  a  result  of  differing 
events and transactions which have occurred or may occur in current and future periods.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

The Company's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting 
as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act. The Company's management evaluated the effectiveness 
of its internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the 
Committee  of  Sponsoring  Organizations  of  the  Treadway  Commission  (2013  framework).  Based  on  that  evaluation,  the 
Company’s management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, our internal controls over financial reporting were not 
effective because of the existence of the Identified Material Weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.

Material Weakness Weaknesses in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A  material  weakness  is  defined  as  a  deficiency  or  combination  of  deficiencies  in  internal  control  over  financial  reporting 
resulted from such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of annual or interim consolidated financial 
statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

With respect to the inadequate design accounting for and operation of internal disclosure of certain complex and nonrecurring 
transactions, the execution of the controls over the application of accounting literature did not operate effectively with respect 
to:

•

•

•
•

the  reclassification  of  investment  income,  related  to  the  accounting  for  equity  method  investments,  from  loss  from 
discontinued operations, net of taxes to net investment income in the consolidated statement of operations;
the identification, accounting and disclosure of investments demonstrating characteristics of variable interest entities, 
including the consolidation of certain investments;
the adoption and application of ASU 2014-09;
identification, disclosure and accounting for equity-classified warrants; and

105

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

•

purchase accounting, as it relates to the identification and valuation of intangible assets and goodwill.

Concerning  the  accounting  for  and  disclosure  of  certain  other  items,  the  execution  of  the  controls  over  the  application  of 
accounting literature did not operate effectively with respect to separating restricted cash from cash and cash equivalents on the 
face  of  the  consolidated  balance  sheet.    Additionally,  the  Company  did  not  have  adequate  controls  in  place  pertaining  to 
disclosure of related parties.

Regarding the collectability of accounts receivable balances, the Company did not have adequate controls and procedures with 
respect to evaluating balances for collectability, including the lack of a formal policy governing the review of accounts, as well 
as calculating and documenting necessary reserves.

With  respect  to  other-than-temporary  impairment  on  equity  method  investments,  the  Company  did  not  properly  apply  the 
accounting literature when performing its analysis in determining whether its investment in investee was other-than-temporarily 
impaired as of December 31, 2018.

With respect to the lack of adequate procedures regarding certain account reconciliations, there were errors in the reconciliation 
of  account  balances  as  they  were  not  performed  timely  and/or  at  a  level  of  precision  to  identify  errors  and  incorrect  balance 
sheet  and  income  statement  classification  for  certain  cash,  receivable,  deposit,  accounts  payable,  deferred  revenue,  escheat 
liability and investment income accounts.

Finally, with respect to the accounting for certain investments at fair value, the Company did not properly update the fair value 
of certain limited liability investments, at fair value as of December 31, 2019.

These matters were discovered during the course of the external audits of the accounts and were reviewed with the Company's 
Audit Committee.  Certain of the 2018 material weaknesses resulted in the restatement described in Note 3, "Restatement of 
Previously Issued Financial Statements," to the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, filed on 
February 27, 2020. 

As  a  result  of  the  Identified  Material  Weaknesses,  the  Company’s  management  directed  a  comprehensive  review  of  its 
consolidated financial statements to assess the possibility of further material misstatements that may remain unidentified. As a 
result of such review, and notwithstanding the material weaknesses described above, the Company’s management, including the 
Company’s  Chief  Executive  Officer  and  Chief  Financial  Officer,  believes  that  the  audited  consolidated  financial  statements 
contained in this 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of 
operations and cash flows for the fiscal years presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Remediation Process

The  Company  has  been  evaluating  the  material  weaknesses  and  is  in  process  of  executing  its  plan  to  strengthen  the 
effectiveness  of  the  design  and  operation  of  its  internal  control  environment.  The  remediation  plan  includes  the  following 
actions:
•

Perform a comprehensive assessment of all existing accounting policies and revise existing policies and/or introduce 
new policies, as needed;
Enhance the formality of its review procedures with respect to its accounting for any new investments, as well as the 
periodic evaluation of existing investments;
Implement  additional  review  procedures  with  respect  to  its  accounting  under  ASC  606  to  ensure  the  Company’s 
accounting will continue to be in accordance with that standard on a go-forward basis;
Implement  additional  identification,  accounting  and  review  controls  with  respect  to  complex  and  nonrecurring 
transactions, as well as augment existing staff with outside skilled accounting resources, as appropriate, and strengthen 
the review process to improve the operation of financial reporting and corresponding internal controls;
Enhance the formality and rigor with respect to identifying and tracking all material related party transactions, as well 
updating its disclosures controls to enhance the focus on related party disclosure requirements;
Enhance  the  formality  and  rigor  of  review  with  respect  to  the  collectability  of  accounts  receivable  balances  and  the 
account reconciliation procedures;
Update its policy for accounting for limited liability investments, at fair value to include calculating and reviewing the 
fair value of such investments on a quarterly basis.

•

•

•

•

•

•

The  actions  that  the  Company  is  taking  are  subject  to  ongoing  senior  management  review  as  well  as  Audit  Committee 
oversight. The Company is committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment and believes that these remediation 
efforts will represent significant improvements in its controls. The Company has started to implement these steps but notes that 

106

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

a substantial portion of resources during 2020 were dedicated to getting the Company current on its SEC filings; however, some 
of these steps will take time to be fully integrated and confirmed to be effective and sustainable. Additional controls may also 
be  required  over  time.  Until  the  remediation  steps  set  forth  above  are  fully  implemented  and  tested,  the  Identified  Material 
Weaknesses described above will continue to exist.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

On  December  1,  2020,  the  Company  acquired  100%  of  the  outstanding  shares  of  PWI.  Since  the  date  of  acquisition,  the 
Company  has  been  analyzing  and  evaluating  procedures  and  controls  to  determine  their  effectiveness  and  to  make  them 
consistent with our disclosure controls and procedures. As permitted by the SEC, PWI has been excluded from the scope of our 
quarterly discussion of material changes in internal control over financial reporting below.

Other  than  processes  and  controls  that  may  have  been  put  in  place  as  a  result  of  our  remediation  of  the  Identified  Material 
Weaknesses  in  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  there  have  been  no  changes  in  the  Company's  internal  control  over 
financial reporting during the period beginning October 1, 2020, and ending December 31, 2020, that have materially affected, 
or  are  reasonably  likely  to  materially  affect,  the  Company's  internal  control  over  financial  reporting,  except  with  respect  to 
PWI.

107

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 9B. Other Information

None

108

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

PART III. 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2020.

We  have  adopted  a  Code  of  Business  Conduct  and  Ethics  that  is  applicable  to  all  employees,  including  our  chief  executive 
officer, chief financial officer and other senior financial personnel, as well as our directors. A copy of the Code of Business 
Conduct  and  Ethics  is  posted  in  the  "Corporate  Governance"  section  of  our  website  at  www.kingsway-financial.com.  Any 
future amendments to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and any grant of waiver from a provision of the code requiring 
disclosure under applicable SEC rules will be disclosed in the "Corporate Governance" section of our website.

109

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2020.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2020.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2020.

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services 

The information required by this Item is incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting 
of Shareholders, which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 
2020.

110

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Part IV

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

(a) Documents filed as part of this Report 

(1) Financial Statements. We have filed the following documents, which are included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2020 
Annual Report on Form 10-K.  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Consolidated Balance Sheets

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(2) Financial Statement Schedules.  The following financial statement schedules are filed as a part hereof along with 
the related reports of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm included in Part II, Item 8.  Schedules not 
listed  here  have  been  omitted  because  they  are  not  applicable  or  the  required  information  is  included  in  the 
Consolidated Financial Statements.

Schedule I 

Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company)

(3) Exhibits.  The exhibits listed in the accompanying "Index to Exhibits" that follow the signature pages of this report 
are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Form 10-K.

(b) Exhibits. Included in Item 15(a)(3) above

(c) Financial Statement Schedules. Included in Item 15(a)(2) above

111

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

SCHEDULE I.  Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company)

Parent Company Balance Sheets 

(in thousands)

December 31, 2020

December 31, 2019

Assets
Investments in subsidiaries
Cash and cash equivalents
Other assets
Total Assets
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
Total Liabilities

Redeemable Class A preferred stock

Shareholders' Equity:
Common stock
Additional paid-in capital
Treasury stock, at cost
Accumulated deficit
Accumulated other comprehensive income
Shareholders' equity attributable to common shareholders
Total Liabilities, Class A preferred stock and Shareholders' Equity

See accompanying report of independent registered accounting firm.

$ 

$ 

$ 

$ 

6,155  $ 
186 
428 
6,769  $ 

2,263  $ 
2,263 

6,504 

— 
355,242 

(492)   
(394,807)   
38,059 
(1,998)   
6,769  $ 

8,036 
636 
426 
9,098 

1,405 
1,405 

6,819 

— 
354,101 
(492) 
(388,082) 
35,347 
874 
9,098 

112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

SCHEDULE I.  Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company)

Parent Company Statements of Operations

(in thousands)

Other revenue (expenses), net:

Loss on change in fair value of equity investments
General and administrative expenses
Non-operating other expense 
Equity in net income of investee

Total other expenses, net
Loss from continuing operations before income tax benefit and equity in loss 
of subsidiaries
Income tax benefit 

Equity in loss of subsidiaries

Net loss

See accompanying report of independent registered accounting firm.

Years ended December 31,
2019

2020

$ 

$ 

— 
(1,735) 
(3) 
— 
(1,738) 

(1,738) 
(214) 

(3,892) 

$ 

(5,416) 

$ 

(27) 
(2,389) 
(9) 
169 
(2,256) 

(2,256) 
— 

(2,057) 

(4,313) 

113

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

SCHEDULE I.  Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company)

Parent Company Statements of Comprehensive Loss  

(in thousands)

Net loss
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes(1):
Unrealized losses on available-for-sale investments:

Unrealized losses arising during the period
Reclassification adjustment for amounts included in net loss

Other comprehensive loss - parent only
Equity in other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries
Other comprehensive income (loss) 
Comprehensive loss

 (1) Net of income tax benefit of $0 and $0 in 2020 and 2019, respectively

See accompanying report of independent registered accounting firm.

Years ended December 31,
2019 

2020 

$ 

(5,416)  $ 

(4,313) 

— 
— 
— 
2,723 
2,723 
(2,693)  $ 

— 
— 
— 
(5,409) 
(5,409) 
(9,722) 

$ 

114

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

SCHEDULE I.  Condensed Financial Information of the Registrant (Parent Company)

Parent Company Statements of Cash Flows 

(in thousands)

Cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities:
Net loss

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

Equity in net loss of subsidiaries
Equity in net income of investee
Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures
Loss on change in fair value of equity investments
Other, net

Net cash used in operating activities
Investing activities:
Proceeds from sale of equity investments
Proceeds from sale of investee
Net cash provided by investing activities
Financing activities:
Capital contributions to subsidiaries
Net cash used in financing activities
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

See accompanying report of independent registered accounting firm.

Years ended December 31,
2019

2020

$ 

(5,416)  $ 

(4,313) 

3,892 
— 
219 
— 
855 
(450) 

— 
— 
— 

— 
— 
(450) 
636 
186 

$ 

2,057 
(169) 
1,230 
27 
38 
(1,130) 

672 
395 
1,067 

(60) 
(60) 
(123) 
759 
636 

$ 

115

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

Item 16.  Form 10-K Summary

None.

116

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this 
report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: March 29, 2021

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

/s/ John T. Fitzgerald

By:
Name: John T. Fitzgerald
Title: Chief Executive Officer, President and Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant  to  the  requirements  of  the  Securities  Exchange  Act  of  1934,  this  report  has  been  signed  below  by  the  following 
persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

/s/ John T. Fitzgerald
John T. Fitzgerald

/s/ Kent A. Hansen
Kent A. Hansen

/s/ Terence Kavanagh
Terence Kavanagh

/s/ Gregory Hannon
Gregory Hannon

/s/ Doug Levine
Doug Levine

/s/ Corissa Porcelli
Corissa	Porcelli	

/s/ Joseph Stilwell
Joseph Stilwell

Chief Executive Officer, President and Director

March 29, 2021

Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President
(principal financial officer)

March 29, 2021

Chairman of the Board and Director

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

March 29, 2021

Director

Director

Director

Director

117

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Description

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

3.1

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

Stock Purchase Agreement, dated April 1, 2015, by and between National General Holdings Corp., as Buyer, and 
Kingsway America Inc. and Mendota Insurance Company, as Sellers (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K, 
filed April 7, 2015, and incorporated herein by reference).

Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of May 17, 2016 by and among CMC Acquisition, LLC, CRIC TRT 
Acquisition LLC and BNSF-Delpres Investments Ltd. (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K, filed July 20, 
2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

Amendment to Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 17, 2016, by and among CMC Acquisition, LLC, 
CRIC TRT Acquisition LLC, and BNSF-Delpres Investments Ltd. (included as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K, filed 
June 17, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

Stock Purchase Agreement By and Among Premier Holdings, LLC, Advantage Auto MGA, LLC, Mendota 
Insurance Company, Kingsway America Inc. and Kingsway Financial Services Inc., Dated as of July 16, 2018 
(included as Exhibit 2.1 to the Form 8-K, filed July 20, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2020, by and among Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC,
Kingsway America Inc., PWI Holdings, Inc., and ADESA Dealer Services, LLC (included as Exhibit 2.1 to
Form 8-K, filed October 13, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).

Certificate of Incorporation of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.1 to the Form 8-K, filed 
December 31, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

By-laws of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (included as Exhibit 3.2 to the Form 8-K, filed December 31, 2018, 
and incorporated herein by reference).

Indenture dated December 4, 2002 between Kingsway America Inc. and State Street Bank and Trust Company of 
Connecticut, National Association (included as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and 
incorporated herein by reference).

Indenture dated May 15, 2003 between Kingsway America Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (included as 
Exhibit 4.4 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).

Indenture dated October 29, 2003 between Kingsway America Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (included 
as Exhibit 4.5 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).

Indenture dated May 22, 2003 between Kingsway America Inc., Kingsway Financial Services Inc., and 
Wilmington Trust Company (included as Exhibit 4.6 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and incorporated 
herein by reference).

Junior Subordinated Indenture dated September 30, 2003 between Kingsway America Inc. and J.P Morgan Chase 
Bank (included as Exhibit 4.7 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and incorporated herein by reference).

Indenture dated December 16, 2003 between Kingsway America Inc., Kingsway Financial Services Inc., and 
Wilmington Trust Company (included as Exhibit 4.8 to the Form 10-K, filed March 30, 2012, and incorporated 
herein by reference).

Amended and Restated Common Stock Series B Warrant Agreement, dated July 8, 2014 (included as Exhibit 4.1 
to the Form 8-K, filed July 10, 2014, and incorporated herein by reference).

Form of Stock Certificate (included as Exhibit 4.1 to the Form 8-K, filed December 31, 2018, and incorporated 
herein by reference).

118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

Kingsway Financial Services Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (included as Schedule B to the Definitive Proxy 
Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 11, 2013, and incorporated herein by reference). *

Form of Subscription Agreement (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K, filed December 27, 2013, and 
incorporated herein by reference).

Registration Rights Agreement, dated February 3, 2014, by and among the Company and the other parties 
signatory thereto (included as Exhibit 10.2 to the Form 8-K, filed February 4, 2014, and incorporated herein by 
reference).

Kingsway America Inc. Employee Share Purchase Plan (included as Schedule B to the Definitive Proxy Statement 
on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on April 30, 2014 and incorporated herein by reference). *

Agreement to Buyout and Release dated February 24, 2015 between 1347 Advisors LLC and 1347 Property 
Insurance Holdings, Inc. (included as Exhibit 10.1 to the Form 8-K, filed February 27, 2015, and incorporated 
herein by reference).

Stockholders’ Agreement, dated as of July 14, 2016, by and between CMC Industries, Inc., CMC Acquisition LLC 
and CRIC TRT Acquisition LLC (included as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, filed July 20, 2016, and incorporated 
herein by reference).

10.7 Management Services Agreement, dated as of July 14, 2016, by and between TRT LeaseCo, LLC and DGI-BNSF 
Corp. (included as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, filed July 20, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

10.14

TRT LeaseCo, LLC 4.07% Senior Secured Note, Due May 15, 2034 (included as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 10-Q, filed 
August 4, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

Deed of Trust, Security Agreement, Assignment of Leases and Rents and Fixture Filing Statement, dated as of 
March 12, 2015, from TRT LeaseCo, LLC to Malcolm Morris, as Deed of Trust Trustee for the benefit of Wells 
Fargo Bank Northwest, N.A., as trustee (included as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 10-Q, filed August 4, 2016, and 
incorporated herein by reference).

Lease between TRT LeaseCo, LLC, as Landlord, and BNSF Railway Company (f/k/a The Burlington Northern and 
Santa Fe Railway Company), as Tenant, dated as of June 1, 2014 (included as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 10-Q, filed 
August 4, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2016 by and among the Company, GrizzlyRock 
Institutional Value Partners, LP and W.H.I. Growth Fund Q.P., L.P. (included as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K, filed 
November 16, 2016, and incorporated herein by reference).

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2016 by and between the Company and Yorkmont 
Capital Partners, LP. (included as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K, filed November 16, 2016, and incorporated herein by 
reference).

Right of First Offer Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2016 by and between the Company and GrizzlyRock 
Institutional Value Partners, LP. (included as Exhibit 10.6 to Form 8-K, filed November 16, 2016, and 
incorporated herein by reference).

Right of First Offer Agreement, dated as of November 16, 2016 by and between the Company and W.H.I. Growth 
Fund Q.P., L.P. (included as Exhibit 10.7 to Form 8-K, filed November 16, 2016, and incorporated herein by 
reference).

10.15 Amendment No. 1 to the Kingsway Financial Services Inc. 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (included as Exhibit 10.1 to 

Form 10-Q, filed August 8, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

10.16 Offer Letter, dated September 5, 2018, between the Company and John T. Fitzgerald (included as Exhibit 10.2 to 

Form 8-K, filed September 10, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

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KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

10.17

10.18

10.19

10.20

10.21

Severance Agreement, dated September 5, 2018, between the Company and John T. Fitzgerald (included as Exhibit 
10.3 to Form 8-K, filed September 10, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

Restricted Stock Agreement, dated September 5, 2018, between the Company and John T. Fitzgerald (included as 
Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K, filed September 10, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

Form of Indemnification Agreement for Directors and Officers (included as Exhibit 10.5 to Form 8-K, filed 
September 10, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

Letter Agreement, dated May 30, 2018, between the Company and Larry Swets (included as Exhibit 10.9 to Form 
10-Q, Filed November 9, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference).

Employment Separation Agreement and Release, dated January 31, 2019, between Kingsway America Inc. and
Hassan R. Baqar (included as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, filed February 14, 2019, and incorporated herein by
reference).

10.22 Advisor Agreement, dated January 31, 2019, between Kingsway America Inc. and Sequoia Financial LLC

(included as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, filed February 14, 2019, and incorporated herein by reference).

10.23

Employment Offer Letter, dated as of October 23, 2019, by and between Kent A. Hansen and Kingsway America
Inc.(included as Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).

10.24

Employment Separation Agreement and Release, dated as of February 28, 2020, by and between Kingsway
America Inc. and William A. Hickey, Jr. (included as Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2020, and
incorporated herein by reference).

10.25

Consulting Agreement, dated as of February 28, 2020, by and between Kingsway America Inc. and William A.
Hickey, Jr. (included as Exhibit 10.4 to Form 8-K, filed February 28, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).

10.26 Kingsway Financial Services Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (included as Schedule A to the Definitive Proxy 

Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the SEC on August 20, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference). *

10.27

10.28

Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of December 1, 2020, among Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC, Trinity 
Warranty Solutions LLC, Geminus Holding Company, Inc., IWS Acquisition Corporation and PWI Holdings, Inc., 
as Borrowers, the other Loan Parties party thereto, and CIBC Bank USA, as Lender and as Issuing Lender 
(included as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, filed December 2, 2020, and incorporated herein by reference).

Letter Agreement, effective as of December 31, 2020, by and among Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC, Trinity 
Warranty Solutions LLC, Geminus Holding Company, Inc., IWS Acquisition Corporation, and PWI Holdings, 
Inc., as Borrowers, the other Loan Parties party thereto, and CIBC Bank USA, as Lender.

10.29

Form of Restricted Stock Agreement. *

14

 Kingsway Financial Services Inc. Code of Business Conduct & Ethics Inc. Code of Business Conduct & Ethics 
(included as Exhibit 14 to form 10-K, Filed March 16, 2018, and incorporated herein by reference.

21

Subsidiaries of Kingsway Financial Services Inc.

23.1

Consent of Plante & Moran, PLLC

23.2

Consent of Plante & Moran, PLLC (Prior Year)

31.1

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act

31.2

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act

120

         
 
 
 
 
KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

32.1

32.2

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of 
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema

101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase

101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase

101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase

*  Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

121

 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.28

Dated as of January 11, 2021,
but effective as of December 31, 2020

Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC and Subsidiaries
c/o Kingsway Financial Services Inc.
150 Pierce Road, Suite 600
Itasca, Illinois 60143
Attention: Kent A. Hansen

Re: 

Consent Letter Agreement (this “Letter Agreement”)

To Whom It May Concern:

Reference  is  hereby  made  to  that  certain  Loan  and  Security  Agreement  dated  as  of  December  1, 
2020,  by  and  among  Kingsway  Warranty  Holdings  LLC,  a  Delaware  limited  liability  company  (“KWH”), 
Trinity  Warranty  Solutions  LLC,  a  Delaware  limited  liability  company  (“Trinity”),  Geminus  Holding 
Company,  Inc.,  a  Delaware  corporation  (“Geminus”),  IWS  Acquisition  Corporation,  a  Florida  corporation 
(“IWS”), and PWI Holdings, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation (“PWI Holdings”) (KWH, Trinity, Geminus, 
IWS and PWI Holdings are collectively referred to herein as “Borrowers” and individually as a “Borrower”), 
the  other  Loan  Parties  party  thereto  and  CIBC  Bank  USA  (“Lender”),  as  amended  from  time  to  time  (the 
“Loan Agreement”). All capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in 
the Loan Agreement.

Contemporaneously  herewith,  Borrowers  have  requested  that  Lender  defer  the  principal  portion  of 

the Term Loan payment due on December 31, 2020.  

Upon (a) Borrowers returning a duly executed copy of this consent letter to Lender, and (b) provided 
no  Event  of  Default  shall  exist  or  occur  as  of  the  date  Borrowers  execute  and  return  this  consent  letter  to 
Lender  (after  giving  effect  to  the  provisions  of  this  letter  agreement),  then  Lender  hereby  consents  to 
amending  Section  5.4.2  of  the  Loan  Agreement  by  deleting  Section  5.4.2  in  its  entirety  and  substituting 
therefor the following:

“5.4.2  Term Loan.  The Term Loan shall be paid as follows: (i) an interest only payment in 
the amount of $87,479.17 payable on December 31, 2020, (ii) a principal payment in the amount of 
$1,235,000.00 on March 31, 2021, and (ii) quarterly installments of principal equal to $926,250 each 
payable on June 30, 2020, and on the last day of each calendar quarter thereafter.  Unless sooner paid 
in full, the outstanding principal balance of the Term Loan shall be paid in full on the Term Loan 
Maturity Date.”

Except  as  otherwise  expressed  herein,  (i)  the  text  of  the  Loan  Agreement  and  the  other  Loan 
Documents shall remain in full force and effect, and (ii) the Lender hereby reserves the right to require strict 
compliance  in  the  future  with  all  terms  and  conditions  of  the  Loan  Agreement  and  the  other  Loan 
Documents.

Exhibit 10.28

This  Letter  Agreement  may  be  executed  in  multiple  counterparts,  each  of  which  (including  any 
counterpart  delivered  by  facsimile  or  by  e-mail  transmission)  shall  be  deemed  to  be  an  original  and  all  of 
which,  taken  together,  shall  constitute  one  and  the  same  agreement,  and  this  Letter  Agreement  shall  be 
deemed to be made pursuant to the laws of the State of Illinois with respect to agreements made and to be 
performed  wholly  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  and  shall  be  construed,  interpreted,  performed  and  enforced  in 
accordance therewith.  This Letter Agreement shall be effective as of the date set forth above upon the terms 
hereof and the execution hereof by the Lender and the Borrower.

[signature page follows]

2

Exhibit 10.28

This  Letter  Agreement  shall  become  effective  upon  Borrowers  executing  and  returning  a 

countersigned copy of this Letter Agreement.

This Letter Agreement shall constitute a Loan Document for all purposes.  

Very truly yours,

CIBC Bank USA 

Its: 

________________________

________________________
By: 
Name:  ________________________ 

[acknowledgment page follows]

Signature Page - Consent Letter Agreement

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exhibit 10.28

Consented and agreed to as of the date first written above:

BORROWERS:

Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC, a Delaware limited liability company
Geminus Holding Company, Inc., a Delaware corporation
IWS Acquisition Corporation, a Florida corporation
PWI Holdings, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation

By: _____________________________________

John T. Fitzgerald, an Authorized Signatory
of each of the Borrowers

OTHER LOAN PARTIES:

Prime Auto Care Inc., a Delaware corporation 
The Penn Warranty Corporation, a Pennsylvania corporation 
Preferred Warranties, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation 
Superior Warranties, Inc., a Pennsylvania corporation 
Preferred Warranties of Florida, Inc., a Florida corporation 

By: _____________________________________

John T. Fitzgerald, an Authorized Signatory
of each of the other Loan Parties 

Acknowledgment Page - Consent Letter Agreement

 
 
Exhibit 10.29

KINGSWAY FINANCIAL SERVICES INC.

2020 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN
Restricted Stock Agreement

This Restricted Stock Agreement (“Restricted Stock Agreement”) evidences the grant to 
[INSERT PARTICIPANT NAME] (the “Participant”) by Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the 
“Company”) of the right to receive shares of Common Stock of the Company on the terms and 
conditions  provided  for  below  (the  “Granted  Shares”)  pursuant  to  the  Kingsway  Financial 
Services Inc. 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). This Restricted Stock Agreement and the 
Granted Shares hereunder are expressly subject to all of the terms, definitions and provisions of 
the  Plan  as  it  may  be  amended  and  restated  from  time  to  time.  Capitalized  terms  used  in  this 
Restricted Stock Agreement and not defined herein shall have the meanings attributed to them in 
the Plan.

1.

Grant  Date.  The  date  on  which  the  Granted  Shares  are  granted  is  [INSERT 

DATE] (the “Grant Date”).

2.

Number  of  Granted  Shares.  The  Company  hereby  grants  to  the  Participant 

[INSERT NUMBER OF GRANTED SHARES] Granted Shares.

3.

Vesting.  Subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Plan  and  the  Participant’s  continued 
employment  with  the  Company,  the  Granted  Shares  shall  be  vested  [INSERT  VESTING 
SCHEDULE]. No accelerated vesting shall occur except as provided in the Plan or as determined 
by the Committee.

4.

Non-Transferability  of  Award.  The  Granted  Shares  shall  not  be  assignable  or 
transferable  by  the  Participant  prior  to  their  vesting  and  issuance  in  accordance  with  this 
Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  except  by  will  or  by  the  laws  of  descent  and  distribution.  In 
addition,  no  Granted  Shares  shall  be  subject  to  attachment,  execution  or  other  similar  process 
prior to vesting. 

5.

Withholding  Taxes.  No  later  than  the  date  as  of  which  an  amount  first  becomes 
includible in the gross income of the Participant for federal income or employment tax purposes 
with  respect  to  the  Granted  Shares,  the  Participant  shall  pay  to  the  Company  or,  subject  to 
Section 14(c), make arrangements satisfactory to the Committee regarding the payment of, any 
federal, state, local or foreign taxes of any kind required by law to be withheld with respect to 
such amount. The minimum required withholding obligations may be settled, if so requested by 
the Participant, with a portion of the Granted Shares. The obligations of the Company under the 
Plan  and  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  shall  be  conditional  on  such  payment,  and  the 
Company shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any 
payment otherwise due to the Participant.

6.

Applicability of the Plan. The Granted Shares are subject to all provisions of the 
Plan and all determinations of the Committee shall be made in accordance with the terms of the 
Plan.  By  executing  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  the  Participant  expressly  acknowledges 

K&E 18295121.4 

Exhibit 10.29

(i) receipt of the Plan and any current Plan prospectus and (ii) the applicability of all provisions 
of the Plan to the Granted Shares. In the event of any inconsistency between this Restricted Stock 
Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control.

7.

General Termination of Employment. Except for an employment termination that 
results from circumstances described in Section 8 of this Restricted Stock Agreement, upon the 
date on which the employment relationship between the Participant and the Company (including 
any  subsidiary  or  parent  of  the  Company)  ceases  to  exist  (the  “Date  of  Termination”),  then 
notwithstanding  any  contrary  provision  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  any  unvested 
Granted  Shares  held  by  the  Participant  as  of  the  Date  of  Termination  shall  be  forfeited  to  the 
Company automatically.

8.

Termination  For  Cause.  In  the  event  that  the  Company  determines  the 
Participant’s  employment  is  terminated  for  Cause  (as  defined  in  this  Section  8),  any  Granted 
Shares held by such Participant on the Date of Termination, whether vested or unvested, shall be 
forfeited to the Company automatically.  For purposes of this Restricted Stock Agreement, and 
notwithstanding  anything  to  the  contrary  in  the  Plan,  the  term  “Cause”  shall  mean  the 
Participant’s  involuntary  termination  of  employment  by  the  Company  upon  the  occurrence  of 
any  of  the  following  by  the  Participant:  (i)  an  intentional  act  of  fraud,  embezzlement,  theft,  or 
any  other  illegal  act  against  the  Company,  any  of  which  would  constitute  a  felony;  (ii)  the 
Participant’s  improper  disclosure  or  use  of  the  Company’s  confidential  information  but  only 
where  the  Company  has  established  that  such  disclosure  or  use  has  financially  and  materially 
injured  the  Company;  or  (iii)  a  material  breach  of  the  Participant’s  duty  of  loyalty  to  the 
Company  but  only  where  the  Company  has  established  that  such  breach  has  financially  and 
materially injured the Company.

9.

Escrow.  The  certificates  representing  all  Granted  Shares  acquired  by  the 
Participant hereunder which are subject to vesting pursuant to Section 3 of this Restricted Stock 
Agreement shall be delivered to the Company and the Company shall hold such Granted Shares 
in escrow as provided in this Section 9. The Company shall promptly release from escrow and 
deliver to the Participant the whole number of Granted Shares, if any, as to which the applicable 
vesting condition pursuant to Section 3 of this Restricted Stock Agreement has been satisfied and 
without  the  legend  set  forth  in  Section  13  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement.  In  the  event  of 
forfeiture to the Company of Granted Shares subject to the vesting pursuant to Section 3 of this 
Restricted Stock Agreement, the Company shall release from escrow and cancel a certificate for 
the number of Granted Shares so forfeited. Any securities distributed in respect of the Granted 
Shares  held  in  escrow,  including,  without  limitation,  shares  issued  as  a  result  of  stock  splits, 
stock dividends or other recapitalizations, shall also be held in escrow in the same manner as the 
Granted Shares.

10.

Failure to Deliver Granted Shares to be Forfeited. In the event that the Granted 
Shares  to  be  forfeited  to  the  Company  under  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  are  not  in  the 
Company’s  possession  pursuant  to  Section  9  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  or  otherwise 
and  the  Participant  or  the  Participant’s  survivor  fails  to  deliver  such  Granted  Shares  to  the 
Company (or its designee), the Company may immediately take such action as is appropriate to 

2

  
Exhibit 10.29

transfer record title of such Granted Shares from the Participant to the Company (or its designee) 
and treat the Participant and such Granted Shares in all respects as if delivery of such Granted 
Shares  had  been  made  as  required  by  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement.  The  Participant  hereby 
irrevocably grants the Company a power of attorney which shall be coupled with an interest for 
the purpose of effectuating the preceding sentence.

11.

Securities Law Compliance. The Participant specifically acknowledges and agrees 
that  any  sales  of  Granted  Shares  shall  be  made  in  accordance  with  the  requirements  of  the 
Securities Act.

12.

Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall have all the rights of a stockholder 
with respect to the Granted Shares, subject to the transfer and other restrictions set forth herein 
and in the Plan:

(a)

If  any  Granted  Shares  vest  subsequent  to  any  change  in  the  number  or 
character  of  the  Common  Stock  (through  any  stock  dividend  or  other  distribution, 
recapitalization,  stock  split,  reverse  stock  split,  reorganization,  merger,  consolidation, 
split-up, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares or otherwise) occurring 
after the Grant Date, the Participant shall then receive upon such vesting the number and 
type  of  securities  or  other  consideration  which  the  Participant  would  have  received  if 
such  Granted  Shares  had  vested  prior  to  the  event  changing  the  number  or  character  of 
the outstanding Common Stock.

(b)

Any  additional  shares  of  Common  Stock,  any  other  securities  of  the 
Company and any other property (except for cash dividends or other cash distributions) 
distributed  with  respect  to  the  Granted  Shares  prior  to  the  date  the  Granted  Shares  vest 
shall  be  subject  to  the  same  restrictions,  terms  and  conditions  as  the  Granted  Shares  to 
which they relate and shall be promptly deposited with the Secretary of the Company or a 
custodian designated by the Secretary. To the extent that the Granted Shares are forfeited 
prior to vesting, the right to receive such distributions shall also be forfeited. 

(c)

Any cash dividends or other cash distributions payable with respect to the 
Granted Shares prior to date the Granted Shares vest shall be distributed to the Participant 
as soon as reasonably practicable upon the vesting of the Granted Shares in the amount 
originally declared, without interest. If the Granted Shares are forfeited prior to vesting, 
any  accumulated  cash  dividends  or  other  cash  distributions  payable  in  respect  of  such 
Granted Shares shall also be forfeited. After the Granted Shares vest, any subsequent cash 
dividends or other cash distributions payable in respect of the Shares shall be distributed 
to  the  Participant  at  the  same  time  cash  dividends  or  other  cash  distributions  are 
distributed to shareholders of the Company generally.

13.

Legend.  In  addition  to  any  legend  required  pursuant  to  the  Plan,  all  certificates 
representing the Granted Shares to be issued to the Participant pursuant to this Restricted Stock 
Agreement shall have endorsed thereon a legend substantially as follows:

3

  
Exhibit 10.29

“The  shares  represented  by  this  certificate  are  subject  to  restrictions  set  forth  in  a 
Restricted Stock Agreement dated as of [INSERT DATE] with this Company, a copy 
of which Agreement is available for inspection at the offices of the Company or will 
be made available upon request.”

14.

Tax Liability of the Participant and Payment of Taxes.

(a)

The  Participant  acknowledges  and  agrees  that  any  income  or  other  taxes 
due  from  the  Participant  with  respect  to  the  Granted  Shares  issued  pursuant  to  this 
Restricted Stock Agreement shall be the Participant’s responsibility. Without limiting the 
foregoing, the Participant agrees that, to the extent that the vesting of any of the Granted 
Shares or the declaration of dividends on any such Granted Shares prior to their vesting 
results  in  the  Participant’s  being  deemed  to  be  in  receipt  of  earned  income  under  the 
provisions  of  the  Code,  the  Company  shall  be  entitled  to  immediate  payment  from  the 
Participant of the amount of any tax required to be withheld by the Company.

(b)

Upon  execution  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  the  Participant  may 
file  an  election  under  Section  83  of  the  Code.  The  Participant  acknowledges  that  if  the 
Participant does not file such an election, as the Granted Shares vest in accordance with 
Section  3  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  the  Participant  will  have  income  for  tax 
purposes equal to the fair market value of the Granted Shares at such date, less the price 
paid  for  the  Granted  Shares  by  the  Participant.  The  Participant  has  been  given  the 
opportunity to obtain the advice of the Participant’s tax advisors with respect to the tax 
consequences  of  the  Granted  Shares  and  the  provisions  of  this  Restricted  Stock 
Agreement.

(c)

The Participant shall be required to deposit with the Company an amount 
of cash equal to the amount determined by the Company to be required with respect to 
the  statutory  minimum  of  the  Participant’s  estimated  total  federal,  state  and  local  tax 
obligations  associated  with  the  vesting  of  the  Granted  Shares.  In  connection  with  the 
foregoing,  any  taxes  or  other  amounts  required  to  be  withheld  by  the  Company  by 
applicable law or regulation shall be paid, at the option of the Company as follows:

(i)the  Company  withholding  whole  Shares  which  would  otherwise  be 
delivered to the Participant, having an aggregate Fair Market Value determined as of the 
date the obligation to withhold or pay taxes arises in connection with an award (the “Tax 
Date”), or withhold an amount of cash which would otherwise be payable to a holder, in 
the amount necessary to satisfy any such obligation; or

(ii)the  Participant  satisfying  any  such  obligation  by  any  of  the  following 
means:  (A)  a  cash  payment  to  the  Company;  (B)  delivery  (either  actual  delivery  or  by 
attestation procedures established by the Company) to the Company of previously owned 
whole  Shares  having  an  aggregate  Fair  Market  Value,  determined  as  of  the  Tax  Date, 
equal  to  the  amount  necessary  to  satisfy  any  such  obligation;  (C)  authorizing  the 
Company  to  withhold  whole  Shares  which  would  otherwise  be  delivered  having  an 
aggregate Fair Market Value, determined as of the Tax Date, or withhold an amount of 

4

  
Exhibit 10.29

cash which would otherwise be payable to the Participant, equal to the amount necessary 
to satisfy any such obligation; or (D) any combination of (A), (B), and (C). Shares to be 
delivered  or  withheld  may  not  have  an  aggregate  Fair  Market  Value  in  excess  of  the 
amount determined by applying the minimum statutory withholding rate. Any fraction of 
a Share  which  would  be  required  to satisfy such an obligation shall be disregarded and 
the remaining amount due shall be paid in cash by the Participant.

(d)

The  Company  shall  not  deliver  any  shares  of  Common  Stock  to  the 

Participant until it is satisfied that all required withholdings have been made. 

15.

Equitable Relief. The Participant specifically acknowledges and agrees that in the 
event of a breach or threatened breach of the provisions of this Restricted Stock Agreement or 
the Plan, including the attempted transfer of the Granted Shares by the Participant in violation of 
this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement,  monetary  damages  may  not  be  adequate  to  compensate  the 
Company, and, therefore, in the event of such a breach or threatened breach, in addition to any 
right to damages, the Company shall be entitled to equitable relief in any court having competent 
jurisdiction.  Nothing  herein  shall  be  construed  as  prohibiting  the  Company  from  pursuing  any 
other remedies available to it for any such breach or threatened breach.

16.

Modification;  Waiver.  Except  as  provided  in  the  Plan  or  this  Restricted  Stock 
Agreement,  no  provision  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  may  be  amended,  modified,  or 
waived  unless  such  amendment  or  modification  is  agreed  to  in  writing  and  signed  by  the 
Participant  and  by  a  duly  authorized  officer  of  the  Company,  and  such  waiver  is  set  forth  in 
writing and signed by the party to be charged, provided that any change that is advantageous to 
the  Participant  may  be  made  by  the  Committee  without  the  Participant’s  consent  or  written 
signature or acknowledgement. No waiver by either party hereto at any time of any breach by the 
other  party  hereto  of  any  condition  or  provision  of  this  Restricted  Stock  Agreement  to  be 
performed  by  such  other  party  shall  be  deemed  a  waiver  of  similar  or  dissimilar  provisions  or 
conditions  at  the  same  or  at  any  prior  or  subsequent  time.  The  Participant  acknowledges  and 
agrees  that  the  Committee  has  the  right  to  amend  the  Granted  Shares  in  whole  or  in  part  from 
time-to-time  if  the  Committee  believes,  in  its  sole  and  absolute  discretion,  such  amendment  is 
required or appropriate in order to conform the Granted Shares to, or otherwise satisfy, any legal 
requirement  (including  without  limitation  the  provisions  of  Section  409A  of  the  Code).  Such 
amendments may be made retroactively or prospectively and without the approval or consent of 
the Participant to the extent permitted by applicable law, provided that the Committee shall not 
have any such authority to the extent that the grant or exercise of such authority would cause any 
tax to become due under Section 409A of the Code.

17.

Notices. Except as the Committee may otherwise prescribe or allow in connection 
with  communications  procedures  developed  in  coordination  with  any  third  party  administrator 
engaged by the Company, all notices, including notices of exercise, requests, demands or other 
communications required or permitted with respect to the Plan, shall be in writing addressed or 
delivered to the parties. Such communications shall be deemed to have been duly given to any 
party  when  delivered  by  hand,  by  messenger,  by  a  nationally  recognized  overnight  delivery 

5

  
Exhibit 10.29

company,  by  facsimile,  or  by  first-class  mail,  postage  prepaid  and  return  receipt  requested,  in 
each case to the applicable addresses set forth below:

If to the Participant:

to the Participant’s most recent address on the records of the Company

If to the Company:

Kingsway Financial Services Inc.
150 E. Pierce Road, Suite 600
Itasca, IL 60143
Attn: [INSERT CONTACT NAME]

(or  to  such  other  address  as  the  party  in  question  shall  from  time  to  time  designate  by  written 
notice to the other parties).

18.

Compensation  Recovery.  The  Company  may  cancel,  forfeit  or  recoup  any  rights 
or benefits of, or payments to, the Participant hereunder, including but not limited to any shares 
of Common Stock issued by the Company upon vesting of the Granted Shares or the proceeds 
from  the  sale  of  any  such  shares  of  Common  Stock,  under  any  future  compensation  recovery 
policy that it may establish and maintain from time to time, to meet listing requirements that may 
be  imposed  in  connection  with  the  Dodd-Frank  Wall  Street  Reform  and  Consumer  Protection 
Act or otherwise. The Company shall delay the exercise of its rights under this Section 18 for the 
period as may be required to preserve equity accounting treatment.

19.

Governing Law. Except to the extent that provisions of the Plan are governed by 
applicable provisions of the Code or other substantive provisions of federal law, the Plan and all 
Granted  Shares  made  and  actions  taken  thereunder  shall  be  governed  by  and  construed  and 
enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware without regard to the principles of 
conflicts of law thereof.

[Signature Page Follows]

6

  
Exhibit 10.29

Kingsway Financial Services Inc.

By: [INSERT NAME]
      Its: [INSERT TITLE]

[INSERT PARTICIPANT NAME]

      
Subsidiaries of Kingsway Financial Services Inc.

Exhibit 21

Subsidiaries

Jurisdiction of Incorporation/Organization

Kingsway America II Inc.

1347 Advisors LLC

Argo Holdings Fund I, LLC

Argo Management Group, LLC

CMC Acquisition LLC

CMC Industries Inc.

Texas Rail Terminal LLC

TRT Leaseco, LLC

Flower Portfolio 001, LLC

Kingsway America Inc.

Kingsway Amigo Insurance Company

Kingsway General Insurance Company

Kingsway LGIC Holdings, LLC

Kingsway Reinsurance Corporation

Kingsway Warranty Holdings LLC

Geminus Holding Company, Inc.

Prime Auto Care Inc.

The Penn Warranty Corporation

Geminus Reinsurance Company, LTD.

IWS Acquisition Corporation

PWI Holdings, Inc.

Preferred Warranties, Inc.

Preferred Warranties of Florida, Inc.

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Texas

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Florida

Ontario

Delaware

Barbados

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Pennsylvania

Turks and Caicos

Florida

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

Florida

Preferred Nationwide Reinsurance Company, Ltd.

Turks and Caicos

Superior Warranties, Inc.

Trinity Warranty Solutions LLC

Net Lease Investment Grade Portfolio LLC

Professional Warranty Services LLC

 Professional Warranty Service Corporation           

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Delaware

Delaware

Virginia

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We  consent  to  the  incorporation  by  reference  in  Kingsway  Financial  Services  Inc.’s  Registration 
Statements  on  Form  S-8  (File  Nos.  333-249266,  333-228286,  333-196633  and  333-194108)  of  our  report 
dated March 29, 2021, relating to the December 31, 2020 consolidated financial statements which appears 
in Kingsway Financial Services Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

                                                                        /s/ Plante & Moran PLLC

March 29, 2021
Denver, CO

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in Kingsway Financial Services Inc.’s Registration 
Statements on Form S-8 (File Nos.  333-228286, 333-196633 and 333-194108) of our report dated 
July 10,2020 relating to the December 31, 2019 consolidated financial statements which appears 
in Kingsway Financial Services Inc.’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. 

                                                                        /s/ Plante & Moran PLLC

March 29, 2021
Denver, CO

EXHIBIT 31.1 

Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 

I, John T. Fitzgerald, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Kingsway Financial Services Inc.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all 
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined 
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this 
report based on such evaluation; and 

d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report 
financial information; and 

b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 
registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: March 29, 2021 

By /s/ John T. Fitzgerald

John T. Fitzgerald, President and Chief Executive Officer 

(Principal Executive Officer)

EXHIBIT 31.2 

CERTIFICATION 

Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Kent A. Hansen, certify that: 

1. I have reviewed this Form 10-K of Kingsway Financial Services Inc.; 

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact 
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading 
with respect to the period covered by this report; 

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all 
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods 
presented in this report; 

4. The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and 
procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined 
in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: 

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed 
under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, 
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; 

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be 
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the 
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; 

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our 
conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this 
report based on such evaluation; and 

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the 
registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has 
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over 
financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons 
performing the equivalent functions): 

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial 
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report 
financial information; and 

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the 
registrant's internal control over financial reporting. 

Date: March 29, 2021 

By /s/ Kent A. Hansen

Kent A. Hansen, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President

(Principal Financial Officer)

EXHIBIT 32.1 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended 
December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned 
John T. Fitzgerald, the President and Chief Executive Officer and Principal Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, 
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of 
the undersigned's knowledge and belief: 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of 
operations of the Company.

Date: March 29, 2021 

By /s/ John T. Fitzgerald

John T. Fitzgerald, President and Chief Executive Officer 

(Principal Executive Officer) 

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Kingsway Financial Services Inc. (the “Company”) for the year ended 
December 31, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), the undersigned 
Kent A. Hansen, the Chief Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to the best of the 
undersigned's knowledge and belief: 

(1) the Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and 

(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of 
operations of the Company.

Date: March 29, 2021 

By /s/ Kent A. Hansen

Kent A. Hansen, Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President

(Principal Financial Officer)